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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (851)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (158)
  • Boston, MA : Safari
  • Transport  (1,009)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guide for Safe Speeds : Managing Traffic Speeds to Save Lives and Improve Livability (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Education For All ; Road Safety ; Speed Management ; Traffic ; Transport ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Effectively managing traffic speeds is one of the most complex road safety challenges. To meet it, countries need to have key institutional and organizational arrangements in place, and to adopt and fund a systematic, evidence-based approach to speed management. To sustain speed management efforts and interventions, countries should develop a speed management strategy that aligns management activities across key institutions and organizations. A strategy also helps ensure robust and consistent speed limit setting and prioritizes changes with the greatest road safety impact. This guide can help governments at all levels develop speed management strategies that work
    DOI: 10.1596/41240
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Urban and Interurban Road Pricing : Navigating the Changing Landscape of Mobility Management and Infrastructure Financing (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mobility and Transport Connectivity
    Keywords: Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financing ; Infrastructure ; Mobility ; Road Pricing ; Transport ; Urban Development
    Abstract: The document is structured into five chapters. Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical framework surrounding road pricing. It outlines the fundamental principles and characteristics of road pricing, while exploring the relationship between social equity and road pricing. Additionally, it addresses potential implementation challenges that may arise. The subsequent chapters offer summaries of international experiences in interurban pricing (Chapter.3) and urban pricing (Chapter 4). In the case of interurban pricing, a broad spectrum of approaches is examined, including traditional methods, concession tolls, and the latest trends in variable pricing within the European Union. Lastly, chapter 5 highlights the key trends in road pricing and provides recommendations based on the evidence presented throughout the document. This chapter serves to offer valuable insights for decision-makers, drawing from the comprehensive studies presented within the document
    DOI: 10.1596/41227
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mobilizing Climate Finance for Railways (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mobility and Transport Connectivity
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Carbon Emissions and Transport ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; Green Growth ; Rail Greenhouse Gas Analysis ; Railways ; Transport ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Railways are a low carbon way to access opportunities and move goods to markets. To realize the benefits of railways in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), an estimated USD 25-80 billion of investment annually will be needed. Many organizations and investors want to support green activities and a variety of climate finance sources and instruments have been developed todo just that. However, railways have had limited success in accessing climate specific financing instruments. This report examines the experience in attracting financing from climate-specific financing instruments of railways in LMICs. The review encompasses private sector climate finance, whose resources could potentially meet the entire rail financing gap, as well as carbon markets, and other results-based climate finance and climate funds
    DOI: 10.1596/41321
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Green is Household Behaviour? : Sustainable Choices in a Time of Interlocking Crises (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264556928 , 9789264172746 , 9789264922945
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comportement des ménages et environnement : Opérer des choix durables sur fond de crises interdépendantes
    Keywords: Privater Haushalt ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Nachhaltiger Konsum ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Household choices – such as what to eat, how to get to work and how to heat our homes – have significant implications for the environment. With the urgency of environmental action and the need to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns, making more sustainable choices holds great potential to reduce environmental impacts. Yet in the context of interlocking crises, governments face challenges in supporting households with policies that realise this potential. How Green is Household Behaviour? presents an overview of results from the 2022 OECD Survey on Environmental Policies and Individual Behaviour Change. The survey investigates household attitudes and behaviour with respect to energy, transport, waste and food systems. It was carried out across more than 17 000 households in 9 countries, including Belgium, Canada, Israel, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The data collected also include information on self-reported motivations and barriers to change, providing a unique source of empirical evidence to inform policy efforts to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns.
    DOI: 10.1787/2bbbb663-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulating App-based Mobility Services in ASEAN (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.112
    Keywords: Personenverkehr ; Stadtverkehr ; Städtischer Wirtschaftsverkehr ; Mobile Anwendung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Regulierung ; ASEAN-Staaten ; Transport
    Abstract: New app-based mobility services have transformed urban passenger transport and goods delivery services. As elsewhere, they have boomed in Southeast Asia, where they have gone largely unregulated. This report investigates regulatory approaches to balance consumer and societal welfare. It looks at how to address safety issues and negative externalities without dissuading innovative business models. It also addresses the impact of Covid-19 on these mobility services to help countries develop their pandemic recovery strategies. This report presents a set of principles for the regulation of both passenger transport and delivery services in ASEAN member states.
    DOI: 10.1787/118ce6f4-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD-Umweltprüfberichte: Deutschland 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264703315 , 9789264929364 , 9789264583337
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD-Umweltprüfberichte
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Germany 2023
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Deutschland ; Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Germany
    Abstract: Die Umweltergebnisse haben sich in Deutschland in den vergangenen zehn Jahren weiter verbessert. Das Land verfolgt ehrgeizige Klimaziele, um bis 2045 Klimaneutralität und nach 2050 Negativemissionen zu erreichen. Dennoch muss Deutschland seine Klimamaßnahmen vor allem im Gebäude- und im Verkehrssektor weiter beschleunigen und sich ganzheitlich mit der Energie-, Klima- und Biodiversitätskrise auseinandersetzen. Als Reaktion auf die Energiekrise wurde eine Reihe von Maßnahmen ergriffen, deren Größenordnung und Reichweite historisch sind. Diese dürften die Energiewende in den kommenden Jahren deutlich schneller voranbringen. Außerdem verstärkt Deutschland sein Engagement in der Klimaanpassung auf allen staatlichen Ebenen und hat ein ehrgeiziges Förderprogramm für Investitionen in naturbasierte Lösungen aufgelegt. Dies ist die vierte Ausgabe des OECD-Umweltprüfberichts Deutschland. Er enthält 28 Empfehlungen, die Deutschland helfen sollen, seine Umweltergebnisse weiter zu verbessern.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a336992-de
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Germany 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264596863 , 9789264665897 , 9789264369009
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Umweltprüfberichte: Deutschland 2023
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Deutschland ; Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Germany
    Abstract: Germany has continued to improve its environmental performance over the past decade. It has ambitious climate targets with the aim to reach climate neutrality by 2045 and achieve negative emissions after 2050. Nevertheless, Germany will need to further accelerate climate action, particularly in the buildings and transport sectors, and address the triple crisis of energy, climate and biodiversity in an integrated and holistic manner. As part of its energy crisis response, Germany has taken a series of measures, which are historic in size and scope. They are set to massively accelerate its green energy transition in the coming years. It is also scaling up its engagement on climate change adaptation across all government levels and has initiated an ambitious programme to foster investments in nature-based solutions. This is the fourth OECD Environmental Performance Review of Germany. It provides 28 recommendations to help Germany further improve its environmental performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/f26da7da-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mix and MaaS: Data Architecture for Mobility as a Service (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.113
    Keywords: Verkehr ; Daten ; Telekommunikation ; Transport
    Abstract: This report develops a framework for data sharing between transport operators that enables them to better integrate transport services and move towards the creation of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) platforms. The project also identifies the risks that come along with data sharing and how they can be minimised. It complements the ITF Corporate Partnership Board project “Reporting Mobility Data: Good Governance Principles and Practices”, which focuses on the issues public authorities must address when establishing data reporting policies by mobility operators to public authorities.
    DOI: 10.1787/4272475b-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Policy Status Report (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.116
    Keywords: Luftverkehr ; E-Fuel ; Biokraftstoff ; Kraftstoff ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Transport
    Abstract: The aviation sector has pledged to become climate neutral by 2050. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) are the only available low-carbon fuel technology for air travel today. They are thus indispensable for the sector to reach its climate targets. This report presents recommendations to promote the production and deployment of SAFs, which can replace conventional fossil aviation fuel to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from aircraft. The insights come from discussions in the ITF's Decarbonising Aviation Common Interest Group, an expert forum on SAF policies bringing together government and industry representatives.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f03e208-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decarbonisation and the Pricing of Road Transport : Summary and Conclusions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282141014
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.191
    Keywords: Dekarbonisierung ; Straßengüterverkehr ; Straßenverkehr ; Transportkosten ; Maut ; Kraftfahrzeugsteuer ; Transport
    Abstract: Policies to mitigate climate change require a fundamental change to taxation in the transport sector. The shift to electric vehicles and continuing improvements in the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engine vehicles will extinguish revenues from fuel taxes. This report assesses the options for reforming vehicle and road-use taxes. It identifies potential packages of taxes and charges that could generate revenue more efficiently and maintain and enhance incentives for the transition to a sustainable transport system.
    DOI: 10.1787/54809337-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comportement des ménages et environnement : Opérer des choix durables sur fond de crises interdépendantes (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la politique de l'environnement et le comportement des ménages
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How Green is Household Behaviour?: Sustainable Choices in a Time of Interlocking Crises
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Les choix des ménages – quoi manger, par quel moyen se rendre au travail, comment se chauffer, etc. – sont lourds de conséquences pour l’environnement. Alors qu’il est plus que jamais nécessaire d’agir en faveur de l’environnement et d’évoluer vers des modes de consommation plus soutenables, rendre ces choix plus durables promet de réduire notablement les incidences environnementales. Or, dans un contexte marqué par une accumulation de crises interdépendantes, les gouvernements peinent à accompagner les ménages afin de concrétiser ce potentiel. Le présent ouvrage passe en revue les résultats de l’enquête 2022 de l’OCDE sur la politique de l’environnement et l’évolution des comportements individuels. Cette enquête porte sur les attitudes et les comportements des ménages concernant l’énergie, les transports, les déchets et les systèmes alimentaires. Elle a été réalisée auprès de plus de 17 000 ménages dans 9 pays : Belgique, Canada, États-Unis, France, Israël, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suède et Suisse. L’enquête a aussi servi à recueillir des informations sur les raisons pour lesquelles les personnes interrogées changent de comportement et sur les obstacles qu’elles doivent surmonter, et offre de ce fait une source unique de données empiriques pour éclairer l’action des pouvoirs publics en faveur de modes de consommation plus durables.
    DOI: 10.1787/6892a2e0-fr
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Accessibility in the Seoul Metropolitan Area: Does Transport Serve All Equally? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.117
    Keywords: Transport ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Over half of Korea's population lives in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. This report looks at how the region's transport system and land uses serve different socio-economic groups and offers insights for reducing inequalities in access. Are services and opportunities equally accessible to all residents of the Seoul Metropolitan Area? Which factors influence accessibility gaps? How can transport planning and decision making take into account accessibility and equity considerations?tr
    DOI: 10.1787/4ef85abc-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CO2 emissions from global shipping : A new experimental database (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/04
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: The shipping industry is essential for international trade, but it is also an important source of CO2 emissions. To make progress towards climate targets, countries need to monitor CO2 emissions from vessels owned by their ship operator companies. However, most shipping activity takes place outside national borders, making it more difficult to monitor than activity taking place within countries. The OECD's experimental database on OECD.stat provides a new source of data for CO2 emissions from global shipping, which is available monthly in near real time. This data will help national statistics producers to compile their Air Emission Accounts (AEAs) for the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA). This Working Paper presents some initial results from the new data source and describes how they were produced. The method is based on granular and timely ship-level data provided by the United Nations Global Platform, and it uses a bottom-up estimation approach to produce results broken down by country and type of ship.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc2f7599-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
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    Measuring New Mobility : Definitions, Indicators, Data Collection (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.114
    Keywords: Stadtverkehr ; Personenverkehr ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Digitalisierung ; Messung ; Datenerhebung ; Transport
    Abstract: This report proposes a comprehensive classification of "New Mobility" services and vehicles that are changing the way people travel. It also identifies performance indicators to help set the right policies as New Mobility evolves. It sets out a framework to systematically collect and compare New Mobility-related data. Finally, the report examines how governments and private stakeholders can collaborate to improve their understanding of New Mobility and determine if and where policy interventions are needed.
    DOI: 10.1787/0a25deea-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
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    Making Automated Vehicles Work for Better Transport Services : Regulating for Impact (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.115
    Keywords: Fahrerloses Transportsystem ; Autonomes Fahrzeug ; Güterverkehr ; Welt ; Transport
    Abstract: This report explores how mobility services using automated vehicles might change the transport landscape. How can automated transport services help enable positive outcomes for societies? How will they ensure passenger safety? What rules should apply to such new services that overlap with other, heavily regulated services like taxis and public transport? The report assesses where regulation should adapt and outlines principles for forward-looking regulation. It offers pragmatic recommendations to bring in better transport for citizens.
    DOI: 10.1787/2ea70307-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards the Light: Effective Light Mobility Policies in Cities (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.118
    Keywords: Stadtverkehr ; Personenverkehr ; Straßenverkehr ; Radverkehr ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Transport
    Abstract: This report explores how traffic systems and infrastructure can be redesigned and expanded for a broader range of vehicle types, especially "smaller-than-car" or light mobility options. It identifies the potential benefits of making vehicles lighter and diversifying the range of vehicles used for everyday mobility. It also highlights successful policies for encouraging a shift towards urban light mobility in cities. Finally, it presents strategies for implementing frameworks for such policies and highlights measures decision makers should consider as part of their light mobility strategy.
    DOI: 10.1787/6d1e7d4c-en
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  • 17
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    Decarbonisation, Coastal Shipping and Multimodal Transport : Summary and Conclusions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282161883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports
    Keywords: Küstenschifffahrt ; Intermodaler Verkehr ; Frachtschifffahrt ; Küstenregion ; Dekarbonisierung ; Transport
    Abstract: Coastal shipping – maritime transport that takes place between ports on the same continent – represents around half of the global shipping market. It is also crucial to the connectivity of island regions and regional development. Decarbonising coastal shipping presents both challenges and opportunities, as does the growing concentration of ownership in the maritime transport sector. This report outlines the most pressing challenges the coastal shipping sector currently faces and provides governments and policy makers with concrete actions to help address them.
    DOI: 10.1787/be56aec1-en
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  • 18
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Allemagne 2023 (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264979178 , 9789264661448 , 9789264880733
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Germany 2023
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Umweltprüfberichte: Deutschland 2023
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Germany
    Abstract: L'Allemagne a continué à améliorer ses performances environnementales au cours de la dernière décennie. Elle s'est fixée des objectifs climatiques ambitieux visant à atteindre la neutralité climatique d'ici 2045 et à parvenir à des émissions négatives après 2050. Toutefois, l'Allemagne devra accélérer encore son action climatique, en particulier dans les secteurs du bâtiment et des transports. La triple crise de l'énergie, du climat et de la biodiversité appelle des solutions intégrées et systémiques. En réponse à la crise énergétique, l’Allemagne a pris une série de mesures d’une ampleur historique. Celles-ci devraient accélérer massivement sa transition vers l'énergie verte au cours des années à venir. L’Allemagne renforce également son engagement en faveur de l’adaptation au changement climatique à tous les niveaux de gouvernement, et a lancé un programme ambitieux visant à encourager les investissements dans des solutions fondées sur la nature. Il s’agit du quatrième Examen environnemental de l’Allemagne. Il propose 28 recommandations pour aider l’Allemagne à améliorer ses performances environnementales. La présente version abrégée contient le résumé, de même que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport. Le rapport complet est disponible en anglais et en allemand sur le site Internet de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/5e93ec55-fr
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  • 19
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    Impacts of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine on the shipping and shipbuilding markets (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Transport ; Belarus ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine has had profound effects on the maritime sector. It directly disrupted maritime activities in the Black and Azov seas, causing the suspension of Ukrainian port operations and agricultural exports. Although an export corridor temporarily resumed activities, the termination of the agreement in July 2023 continues to affect Ukrainian shipping. International sanctions against Russia and Belarus have notably targeted shipowners and shipbuilders, restricting Russian ships' access to OECD ports. These sanctions have also halted orders for Russian ship owners in OECD countries, reducing new orders and vessel completions in Russian shipyards. While global seaborne trade and ship demand remain relatively unaffected, the war has prompted longer-term impacts such as altered trading routes, changes in energy demand and costs, potential implications for maritime decarbonisation, and an increase in "dark fleet" vessels.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f925e43-en
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  • 20
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    Preparing Infrastructure for Automated Vehicles (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282198612
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Automated vehicles are becoming more prevalent and capable, but they have different requirements than cars wholly controlled by human drivers. This report examines what is needed now to support automated vehicles, focusing on three policy-making areas: physical infrastructure, data and digital infrastructure, and institutional frameworks. It draws on the deliberations of an ITF Working Group, as well as interviews with policy makers, developers and experts.
    DOI: 10.1787/b96ca198-en
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  • 21
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    Shaping Post-Covid Mobility in Cities : Summary and Conclusions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.190
    Keywords: Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Stadtverkehr ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Coronavirus ; Welt ; Transport
    Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has changed how people live and move, especially in urban environments. As many cities transition towards living with the virus, this presents challenges and opportunities to create more sustainable, resilient and equitable transport systems. This report explores how urban mobility changed during the pandemic, focusing on changes in how people work. Based on a review of international best practices, the report provides recommendations for better urban mobility in a post-Covid world.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8bf0bdb-en
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  • 22
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    Environmental Tax Policy Review of Andalusia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264532694
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (315 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Umweltabgabe ; Ökosteuer ; Andalusien ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Transport ; Spain
    Abstract: The Environmental Tax Policy Review of Andalusia provides a detailed review of the environmentally related tax framework in the areas of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, water usage and pollution, and waste and circular economy in the Autonomous Region of Andalusia, Spain. For each thematic area, the study identifies the scope for action at the regional level, assesses how Andalusia’s existing environmentally related taxes align with environmental tax policy principles and provides strategic recommendations to support Andalusia to improve environmental outcomes and enhance national and global environmental performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/fe6d8b45-en
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  • 23
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    Distributional effects of urban transport policies to discourage car use : A literature review (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.211
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: This report takes stock of scientific findings to date regarding the distributional effects of policies discouraging car use in urban areas. These policies include cordon tolls, distance-based charges, fuel taxes, parking measures and public transport subsidies. The report describes the mechanisms responsible for the distributional effects of these policies and offers insights regarding how such policies can be designed to minimise adverse equity outcomes. It also provides recommendations regarding the design and procedural modifications that standard instruments require in order to be more acceptable to the public and to governments. Finally, it identifies a number of issues that warrant further research in the pursuit of greater equity in the outcomes of urban road transport policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/8bf57103-en
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    The economic benefits of early green innovation : Evidence from the automotive sector (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.209
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The economic consequences for firms investing in green innovation, and therefore their incentives to innovate, are not well understood. This paper empirically assesses the economic returns on innovation in cleaner vehicles. The analysis uses data on passenger car market shares and patents for car manufacturers operating in eight countries for the period 2005-2021. The results show that, when vehicle fuel prices increase, firms having previously successfully filed patents related to both electric and hybrid vehicles and fuel efficiency experience an increase in their market share. This increase takes place between 7 and 8 years after the patent stock is accumulated for patents related to electric and hybrid vehicles and between 8 and 15 years for patents related to fuel efficiency. The analysis also finds that in contexts where fuel price salience is high, price increases generate larger and earlier competitiveness returns for firms having previously invested in cleaner technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/c13d5d61-en
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    The Potential of E-fuels to Decarbonise Ships and Aircraft (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.111
    Keywords: Biokraftstoff ; Schifffahrt ; Luftverkehr ; Dekarbonisierung ; Transport
    Abstract: This publication examines the potential of novel fuels to decarbonise aviation and maritime shipping. Fuels like hydrogen, ammonia and synthetic hydrocarbons can be produced from renewable sources. They could also be easier to deploy than other emerging low- and zero-carbon technologies. Yet many uncertainties exist around scaling up their use. These include cost, infrastructure needs, operational requirements and health impacts. The publication reviews the latest understanding of the production and use of novel fuels in the shipping and aviation sectors and highlights the policy requirements needed to accelerate their adoption.
    DOI: 10.1787/3d96e0d9-en
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  • 26
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    Climate Resilient Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa Compendium Volume : A Focus on Infrastructure Project Design in Key Sectors (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Agriculture Infrastructure ; Climate Change ; Climate Resilient Investment ; Energy ; Energy Infrastructure ; Energy Policies and Economics ; Environment ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Finance ; Resilient Infrastructure ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; Transport
    Abstract: This Compendium Volume presents a series of guidance notes and more detailed complementary technical notes that offer practical insights in support of enhancing the climate resilience of infrastructure investment projects in Sub-Saharan Africa. This first introductory chapter starts with an overview of the investment conditions and climatic context in the region, followed by a description of the scope of this Compendium Volume and individual notes, target audiences, and a roadmap for users of the contents covered in this Volume
    DOI: 10.1596/40309
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 27
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    A Net Cure or Curse? : Tracking the Impact of E-Commerce on Urban Freight Transport Intensity in Bogota and Buenos Aires (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stokenberga, Aiga A Net Cure or Curse? Tracking the Impact of E-Commerce on Urban Freight Transport Intensity in Bogota and Buenos Aires
    Keywords: Big Data ; E-Commerce ; Mobility ; Pandemic ; Retail Shopping Trips ; Transport ; Urban Freight
    Abstract: The growth of e-commerce has the potential to reduce shopping-related travel but brings with it additional freight vehicle trips for the delivery of online orders to consumers. Understanding the overall net effect of e-commerce on urban trip intensity is essential for planning transport infrastructure and services. The paper analyzes how the growth of e-commerce is impacting mobility in Bogota and Buenos Aires. The demand for e-commerce grew in both cities during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-21), mostly among higher income groups. Despite the significant potential for replacing private vehicle trips, the analysis finds little evidence that the growth of e-commerce is having a significant substitution effect on shopping trips. Overall, e-commerce currently generates more traffic than it avoids in both Bogota and Buenos Aires, and, thus, is very likely to continue to add to the road traffic in the two metropolitan areas in the near future
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10485
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    Enhancing Air Transport Resilience in the Caribbean (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 36277
    Keywords: Air Transport ; Airports and Air Services ; Connectivity ; Governance ; Infrastructure ; Resilience ; Tourism ; Transport ; Urban Development
    Abstract: The lack of land connectivity among the Caribbean Island nations and the growing significance of the tourism sector as a key economic pillar have underscored the importance of improved air connectivity for economic growth and shared prosperity in the region. On average, tourism's contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) for the region rose from 12 percent in 2011 to 15.2 percent in 2017, accounting for 4.3 percent of the jobs (CIA, The World FactBook). Almost half these contributions can be traced to capital investments in the travel and tourism industry, while one-third is linked to tourism-related service industries. Overall, Caribbean origin and destination air passenger traffic grew by 50 percent between 2007 and 2017, from approximately 40 million to nearly 60 million passengers annually. However, intra-regional passenger traffic remained flat and declined in some countries, including in Grenada, Dominica, and Saint Lucia. While post-2017 regionwide data is limited, evidence indicates that these trends persist
    DOI: 10.1596/40654
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    Trade Policies and Sea and Air Freight : The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Imports and Exports (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Majune, Socrates Trade Policies and Sea and Air Freight: The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Imports and Exports
    Keywords: Air Cargo ; COVID-19 Impact on Exports ; Export Competitiveness ; Imports ; International Economics and Trade ; Lockdown Impact ; Lockdown Policies ; Non-Tariff Measures ; Pandemic International Trade ; Sea Cargo ; Trade ; Trade Policy ; Transport
    Abstract: This study analyzes how Indonesia's international trade was affected by its own lockdown policies (domestic) and those of its trading partners (external) in response to COVID-19. The study differentiates between sea freight and air freight, as well as products affected by specific non-tariff measures. Event-study results show that the decline in imports (which were more negatively affected than exports) was mainly attributed to external lockdowns, the impacts of which were more pronounced and persistent for imports entering Indonesia by air (due to restrictions to international travel) and imports subject to port-related non-tariff measures. Domestic lockdowns adversely affected intermediate imports subject to non-tariff measures requiring physical inspection, testing, and approval processes. External lockdowns, which also had a larger impact on exports relative to domestic policies, affected sea and air exports evenly. Demand factors (specifically, workplace closures and stay-at-home orders) in the partner countries were the drivers of the decline in exports. Enhancing trade facilitation to keep goods moving as smoothly as possible, reforming specific non-tariff measures, and improving customs and other procedures would ensure fewer disruptions from shocks in a globally integrated world
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10271
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    Projecting the fuel efficiency of conventional vehicles : The role of regulations, gasoline taxes and autonomous technical change (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.198
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Taxation ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: The fuel efficiency of conventional private vehicles is a key input in the design of several economic and environmental policies. Reliable projections of the fuel efficiency variable can improve estimates on the future emission savings from policies promoting vehicle replacement, and on future revenues from fuel taxes. This paper examines the evolution of fuel efficiency using data on cars entering the US market from 1984 to 2020. It uses a series of new indexes for the gasoline cost in OECD countries and the stringency of fuel economy regulations. The paper shows that the effect of fuel prices and taxes is significant and robust. Doubling the user cost of gasoline with a stringent carbon tax will cause an irreversible increase in fuel efficiency by 6-11%. Increasing the stringency of the US CAFE standards by 10% raises average fuel efficiency by 2-3%. The impact of cross-market regulations is ambiguous.
    DOI: 10.1787/13b94818-en
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    Carbon Pricing in Shipping (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.110
    Keywords: Ökosteuer ; Schifffahrt ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report reviews the effectiveness of carbon pricing, how it might be applied to the shipping sector and with what effects. It also evaluates recent proposals by countries to introduce a price on shipping’s carbon emissions and examines related policy issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/250921ec-en
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    The Freight Space Race : Curbing the Impact of Freight Deliveries in Cities (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.109
    Keywords: Städtischer Wirtschaftsverkehr ; Stadtverkehr ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report explores ways of making deliveries in cities less disruptive and more sustainable. How goods are distributed in urban environments profoundly affects metropolitan life. Urban freight flows impact cities’ economic vitality, their environmental footprint, the safety and efficiency of traffic and the ways public space is used. The report examines how new partnerships, innovative methods, the use of data and intelligent space allocation can ease the pressure on cities and their inhabitants by rapidly growing freight movements in urban areas. It also addresses whether solutions require new forms of data management, what new types of delivery vehicles might be required and how actors can co-ordinate more effectively.
    DOI: 10.1787/61fdaaee-en
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    Urban Planning and Travel Behaviour : Summary and Conclusions (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.189
    Keywords: Stadtentwicklung ; Stadtverkehr ; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Transport
    Abstract: This report examines strategies to improve accessibility and mobility by integrating land-use and transport policies. It outlines the institutional and legal aspects of ensuring such integration. It also discusses mechanisms for steering new development to locations served by sustainable modes of transport and promoting compact, transit-oriented development. The report draws on discussions among experts at an ITF Roundtable held on 17 and 18 November 2021.
    DOI: 10.1787/af8fba1c-en
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    Road Safety in Cities : Street Design and Traffic Management Solutions (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.99
    Keywords: Verkehrssicherheit ; Straßenverkehr ; Stadtverkehr ; Transport
    Abstract: This booklet presents measures that effectively reduce road traffic deaths and serious injuries in cities. It covers urban street design, traffic management and improving mobility options. Measures are illustrated with examples reported by cities collaborating in the ITF Safer City Streets network and include information on cost and effectiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/140cdf12-en
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    CO2 Emissions from air transport : A near-real-time global database for policy analysis (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2022/04
    Keywords: Economics ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: By moving goods and people over large distances, air transport facilitates international trade and tourism and thus contributes to economic growth and job creation. At the same time, it also comes with environmental challenges, largely related to air emissions and their impact on global warming. Air transport has been disproportionately negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic with associated reductions in air emissions. However, recent projections show that, in the absence of accelerated technological developments and more ambitious policy measures, aviation-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions will grow again at a rapid pace after the pandemic. This paper describes a new OECD database providing near-real-time and global information on aviation-related CO2 emissions, with allocations across countries following either the territory or the residence principle. This database provides a public good for both statistical measurement and environmental policy analysis. On the statistical front, it will facilitate the compilation of global Air Emission Accounts according to the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA), bring granular and timely information on a significant source of CO2 emissions, and allow tracking their evolution during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The comparison with official statistics that are available with a significant delay and at lower frequency demonstrates the accuracy of the OECD estimates. On the environmental policy front, it is expected that the OECD database will help monitor the impact of technological developments and policy measures to curb aviation-related CO2 emissions in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/ecc9f16b-en
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    Delivering Quality Services to All in Alentejo : Preparing Regions for Demographic Change (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264735156 , 9789264386686 , 9789264406643
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Bildungspolitik ; Ländliches Bildungswesen ; Alentejo ; Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Governance ; Portugal
    Abstract: This publication is part of the OECD workstream on Preparing Regions for Demographic Change. It elaborates a case study for the Portuguese region of Alentejo and focuses on improving the delivery of educational services taking into account the multi-level governance context. The study highlights the need to better articulate and co-ordinate the delivery of educational services among levels of government to improve access and quality. It also sheds light on the decisive role that geography plays and the importance of adopting a spatial lens to mitigate the rising inequality present in Portugal in access to education services. Alentejo is a rural region that expects to lose 30% of its population between 2020 and 2080, hence it needs to put in place forward-looking and effective policy levers to delivery sustainable education services to citizens living in rural communities.
    DOI: 10.1787/63ffb4d7-en
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    Maritime Transportation Costs in the Grains and Oilseeds Sector : Trends, Determinants and Network Analysis (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.179
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Transport
    Abstract: More than 80% of global trade in grains and oilseeds occurs by maritime transport. This report provides an in-depth analysis of ocean freight rates during 2007-2021, examining their evolution, volatility, determinants, and how they influence port networks. Freight rates accounted on average for 11% of the cost and freight price, but this share ranges between 2% and 43%, demonstrating the potentially large impact of freight rates on consumer prices. Freight rates for grains and oilseeds are generally more volatile than their free-on-board prices. Regression analysis shows that a 10% increase in the distance between two ports is estimated to lead to a 2.5% increase in freight rates. It also demonstrates that freight costs for grains and oilseeds do not obey the iceberg formulation, which implies that they should be modelled as additive (constant costs per unit traded) rather than as multiplicative (iceberg) costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/b1cdf6b7-en
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    Redesigning Ireland’s Transport for Net Zero : Towards Systems that Work for People and the Planet (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264644182 , 9789264331679 , 9789264749641
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Verkehrsplanung ; Irland ; Environment ; Transport ; Ireland
    Abstract: Current mobility patterns in Ireland are incompatible with the country’s target to halve emissions in the transport sector by 2030. While important, electrification and fuel efficiency improvements in vehicles are insufficient to meet Ireland’s ambitious target: large behavioural change in the direction of sustainable modes and travel reductions are needed. Such changes will only be possible if policies can shift Irish transport systems away from car dependency. Building on the OECD process “Systems Innovation for Net Zero” and extensive consultation with Irish stakeholders, this report assesses the potential of implemented and planned Irish policies to transform car-dependent systems. It identifies transformative policies that can help Ireland transition to sustainable transport systems that work for people and the planet. It also provides recommendations to scale up such transformative policies and refocus the electrification strategy so that it fosters, rather than hinders, transformational change.
    DOI: 10.1787/b798a4c1-en
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    Addressing territorial disparities in future infrastructure needs in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis : A G20 perspective (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Bildungschancen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; G20-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport
    Abstract: This policy paper sheds light on the type of investments that can maximise social returns and help bridge territorial gaps in access to services. It starts by explaining why it is challenging to balance proximity and cost-efficiency in service provision while maintaining quality across territories, highlighting the key role of subnational governments in providing education and health services. It then assesses the extent of territorial inequalities in access to basic education and health care services in G20 countries based on a comprehensive review of the evidence available. Finally, the report reflects on future needs based on demographic projections and offers two main implications for the future of infrastructure investment: 1) the need to tailor strategic and flexible investments to different demographic realities; and 2) the need to support quality infrastructure investment by subnational governments.
    DOI: 10.1787/e246f50f-en
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    Performance of Maritime Logistics (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.106
    Keywords: Frachtschifffahrt ; Containerschifffahrt ; Lieferkette ; Logistik ; Logistikdienstleister ; Linienschifffahrt ; Containerterminal ; Transport
    Abstract: Liner shipping and container ports have repeatedly made headline news since 2020 as companies across supply chains were hit with price hikes and shipment delays. Predictability became a thing of the past. This report assesses these disruptions to containerised maritime transport and analyses their causes and impacts.
    DOI: 10.1787/8e06fcd1-en
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    Évaluation de l’impact environnemental des mesures de la base de données de l’OCDE sur la relance verte (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Assessing environmental impact of measures in the OECD Green Recovery Database
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Energy ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Transport
    Abstract: La présente note d'orientation présente les principales conclusions et informations de la mise à jour d’avril 2022 de la Base de données de l’OCDE sur la relance verte, qui recense les mesures de relance ayant un impact clair sur l’environnement adoptées par les pays membres de l’OCDE, l’Union européenne et certaines grandes économies. Depuis la précédente mise à jour de septembre 2021, le budget alloué aux mesures favorables à l’environnement est passé de 677 milliard USD à 1 090 milliards USD, tandis que les dépenses de relance ayant des effets « mitigés » sont passées de 163 milliards USD à 290 milliards USD. La Note étudie dans quelle mesure des plans de relance bien conçus peuvent présenter le double avantage de renforcer la sécurité énergétique et de permettre de meilleurs résultats pour l’environnement, dans le contexte des préoccupations énergétiques soulevées par la guerre en Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/526488c8-fr
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    Building and financing the transport infrastructure of tomorrow : The case of Colombia (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.45
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Kolumbien ; Development ; Transport ; Colombia
    Abstract: Recalling the centrality of transport infrastructure in any development strategy and economic recovery and resilience plan, the paper stresses the importance of increasing territorial connectivity in Colombia to sustain future progress. It describes the variety of financing models for transport infrastructure in the country and globally and identifies five key factors that Colombia should take into account when choosing between models in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/3292ad01-en
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    Decarbonising Europe’s Trucks : How to Minimise Cost Uncertainty (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.107
    Keywords: Lastkraftwagen ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Kosten ; Straßengüterverkehr ; Europa ; Transport
    Abstract: Trucks account for one-fifth of transport sector emissions in Europe. To decarbonise, heavy-duty road freight must switch to zero-emission vehicles quickly. This report examines whether battery electric vehicles, electric road systems and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could compete with diesel-driven vehicles. It looks at the total cost of ownership across nine different vehicle-size segments in Europe. The report gives six recommendations to accelerate the transition to zero-emission trucks, including the provision of necessary infrastructure.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab17c66b-en
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    Engaging citizens in cohesion policy : DG REGIO and OECD pilot project final report (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.50
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Governance ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Italy ; Netherlands ; Poland ; Romania ; Spain
    Abstract: Around one-third of the European Union’s budget is dedicated to cohesion policy, which promotes and supports the overall harmonious development of its Member States and regions. The success of this investment relies on effective partnerships among governments, stakeholders, and citizens. Citizens have a key role to play in shaping decisions on public investment, as well as in making public authorities more transparent and accountable. From July 2020-December 2021, the European Commission and the OECD partnered to explore how five authorities across Europe could place citizens at the centre of their investment decisions. This report summarises lessons learned throughout this project and, particularly, the results of applying innovative citizen participation methods to cohesion policy more broadly.
    DOI: 10.1787/486e5a88-en
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    ITF North and Central Asia Transport Outlook (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.105
    Keywords: Verkehrsnachfrage ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Zentralasien ; Armenien ; Transport
    Abstract: This report provides scenarios for future transport demand and CO2 emissions in North and Central Asia up to 2050 to help decision makers chart pathways to sustainable, resilient transport. The scenarios reflect existing policy initiatives and specific constraints in the region. They also examine the potential impact of policies addressing the challenges and opportunities for transport from Covid-19.
    DOI: 10.1787/f3f64365-en
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    ITF South and Southwest Asia Transport Outlook (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.104
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Transport
    Abstract: This report provides scenarios for future transport demand and CO2 emissions in South and Southwest Asia up to 2050 to help decision-makers chart pathways to sustainable, resilient transport. The scenarios reflect existing policy initiatives and specific constraints in the region. They also examine the potential impact of policies addressing the challenges and opportunities for transport from Covid-19.
    DOI: 10.1787/ccd79e6d-en
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    The Safe System Approach in Action (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282159156
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Verkehrssicherheit ; Welt ; Transport
    Abstract: Road crashes kill over 1.3 million people every year worldwide and seriously injure millions more. A Safe System approach to road safety can drastically reduce road deaths – but how can it actually be put in place? This report provides experience-based guidance on implementing the Safe System approach. The report also presents lessons from 17 case studies of road-safety interventions with a Safe System component. The case studies reveal no single recipe for successful implementation. Instead, they point to a variety of approaches conditioned by national and local contexts, and the crucial role of robust institutional governance and co-operation between partners in any successful Safe System intervention.
    DOI: 10.1787/ad5d82f0-en
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  • 48
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    Monitoring Progress in Urban Road Safety : 2022 Update (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.108
    Keywords: Verkehrsunfall ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Stadtverkehr ; Welt ; Transport
    Abstract: This report tracks the progress in reducing the number of road traffic fatalities and serious injuries in cities between 2010 and 2020. It presents traffic safety data collected in 32 cities participating in the ITF Safer City Streets network and compares trends in urban and national road safety. It provides indicators for the risk of traffic death for different road user groups that permits benchmarking of road safety outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/5223f587-en
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  • 49
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    Reporting Mobility Data : Good Governance Principles and Practices (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.101
    Keywords: Verkehrsstatistik ; Personenverkehr ; Daten ; Mobilkommunikation ; Transport
    Abstract: This report explores the issues public authorities must address when establishing data-reporting mandates and policies. Transport systems and the people using them generate an ever-increasing amount of data which can help improve transport system performance. The risks from missing or overly broad reporting policies can be mitigated by following reporting guidelines and principles that focus on the public value of data.
    DOI: 10.1787/b988f411-en
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  • 50
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    Streets That Fit : Re-allocating Space for Better Cities (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.100
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Street space in cities is a rare resource. Much of it is currently allocated to highly space-consuming transport modes without taking into account that demands for that space vary over time. This report looks at how street space has typically been allocated in the past, examines the rationale for street space allocation and describes how to measure space consumption for mobility purposes. The study also explores by way of a simulation how new mobility services and travel modes interact when a limited, dynamic and demand-responsive re-allocation of street space is introduced in a mid-sized city.
    DOI: 10.1787/5593d3e2-en
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  • 51
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    Assessing environmental impact of measures in the OECD Green Recovery Database (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Évaluation de l’impact environnemental des mesures de la base de données de l’OCDE sur la relance verte
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Energy ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Transport
    Abstract: This Policy Brief provides the key findings and policy insights from the April 2022 update of OECD Green Recovery Database, which tracks recovery measures with a clear environmental impact adopted by OECD member countries, the European Union and selected large economies. Since the previous update in September 2021, the budget allocated to environmentally positive measures increased from USD 677 billion to USD 1 090 billion, while recovery spending with ‘mixed’ impacts increased from USD 163 to 290 billion. The Brief also explores how well-designed green recovery plans can generate the double dividend of enhanced energy security and better environmental outcomes, in the face of energy security concerns triggered by the war in Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/3f7e2670-en
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  • 52
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    Mode Choice in Freight Transport (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282157626
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Verkehrsmittelwahl ; Güterverkehr ; China ; Kanada ; Niederlande ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport
    Abstract: This report examines why freight carriers and shippers choose one transport mode over others. It analyses the main determinants for using road, rail, inland waterways, coastal shipping or pipelines to move goods and assesses government policies to influence it. The study also reviews how shifting freight to more sustainable modes could reduce the contribution of goods transport to climate change and provides recommendations for more effective policies. The role of mode choice in alleviating congestion and making goods transport safer is also addressed. Three case studies from China, Canada and the Netherlands highlight modal-shift policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/3e69ebc4-en
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  • 53
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    Implementing the ASEAN Fuel Economy Roadmap (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.102
    Keywords: Kraftstoff ; Verkehrspolitik ; ASEAN-Staaten ; Transport
    Abstract: This report explores how ASEAN member states can mitigate the negative impacts of the rapidly growing number of cars on the region’s roads. More, increasingly larger vehicles consume more energy, emit more CO2 and cause more local air pollution. Among the policies to counter these trends and make mobility in the region more sustainable is the ASEAN Fuel Economy Roadmap. This study provides support for implementing the roadmap. It looks specifically at policies for making light-duty vehicles more efficient and less emitting but also provides insights for other motorised road vehicles. The report explores opportunities for aligning policies across ASEAN, considers the role of trade agreements and recommends measures for a transition towards electrification.
    DOI: 10.1787/77b59ef8-en
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  • 54
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    ITF Southeast Asia Transport Outlook (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.103
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report provides scenarios for future transport demand and CO2 emissions in Southeast Asia up to 2050 to help decision-makers chart pathways to sustainable, resilient transport. The scenarios reflect existing policy initiatives and specific constraints in the region. They also examine the potential impact of policies addressing the challenges and opportunities for transport from Covid-19.
    DOI: 10.1787/cce75f15-en
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  • 55
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    Broadening Transport Appraisal : Summary and Conclusions (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282146354
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.188
    Keywords: Verkehrspolitik ; Verkehrsplanung ; Transport
    Abstract: This report examines what ongoing shifts in the objectives of transport policy mean for transport project appraisal and planning processes. Many countries are rethinking their transport policy and planning objectives. Their focus is increasingly shifting from providing mobility to ensuring accessibility; giving greater priority to equitable access for all; recognising the urgency of decarbonising transport; and making urban environments healthier, safer and more liveable. The report summarises the findings of a discussion among 44 experts from 21 countries at an ITF Roundtable held from 29 September to 31 October 2021.
    DOI: 10.1787/a0e2e0a6-en
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  • 56
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    G20-OECD Policy Toolkit to Mobilise Funding and Financing for Inclusive and Quality Infrastructure Investment in Regions and Cities (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Regionalentwicklung ; Stadtentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport
    Abstract: Over the coming years, significant infrastructure investment will be required to sustain economic growth and improve well-being in many regions and cities. Subnational governments will have a key role to help provide this infrastructure - they are responsible for almost 60% of total public investment in G20 countries. This G20-OECD Policy Toolkit, developed with input from the Asian Development Bank, aims to support inclusive and quality infrastructure investment by subnational governments across developing, emerging and developed countries. It outlines key elements of creating an enabling environment for subnational infrastructure investment. It then details common and innovative funding sources, financing instruments and investment approaches. Rather than recommending specific instruments, it provides a ‘toolkit’ of options for policymakers and practitioners. The Policy Toolkit is supported by 23 case studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/99169ac9-en
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    Scaling Up Private Sector Participation in Road Asset Management in Sub-Saharan Africa (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mobility and Transport Connectivity
    Keywords: Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Finance ; Infrastructure Investment ; Private Participation in Infrastructure ; Public Sector Development ; Public-Private Partnerships ; Roads ; Roads and Highways ; Transport
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate non-traditional means to raise additional private financing for the upgrade and maintenance of developing countries' road networks. To achieve this goal, it combines an in-depth review of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries' road funds' (RF) performance and road public private partnerships (PPPs) to evaluate the potential for RFs to fund road PPPs when specific conditions are met. This report presents to explore how, in few selected cases, SSA RFs can be reformed to substantially increase the amount of public and private monies flowing towards the maintenance and or upgrade of the core road networks of SSA countries
    DOI: 10.1596/36992
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    Globally Engaged Firms in the COVID-19 Crisis (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Constantinescu, Cristina Globally Engaged Firms in the COVID-19 Crisis
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Business Disruption ; Coronavirus ; Covid Impact On Exporters ; COVID-19 ; Export ; Global Value Chains ; Globally Engaged Firms ; International Economics and Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Pandemic Impact On Firms ; Recovery ; Supply Chain Disruption ; Trade ; Transport ; Transport and Trade Logistics
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the initial impact and recovery of globally engaged firms from the COVID-19 crisis. It uses rich survey data of nearly 65,000 firm-year observations in 45 countries spanning three waves of data collection. The findings are organized in a series of stylized facts, which suggest that although the pandemic had an immediate adverse impact on most firms, the globally engaged ones are recovering faster, possibly due to their higher capabilities. Among globally engaged firms, those directly involved with international markets show better recovery than the ones that were indirectly involved. These results mask wide variation by firm traits, sectoral attributes, and country characteristics. At the core of the recovery of globally engaged firms is their heightened response to the crisis by finding novel ways to adapt supply chains even in the presence of lockdowns and uncertainty. These firms swiftly digitalized, introduced new products and changed their markets and sources of inputs. Over and above their capabilities, global engagement cushions firms against shocks. Policymakers could therefore facilitate global linkages by providing information on potential markets and products, by making production flexible in terms of facilitating remote work, reducing the rigidity of contracts; and incentivizing financial institutions to issue instruments that reduce uncertainty risk
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9991
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  • 59
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    Azerbaijan : Towards Green Growth - Issues Note (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Agriculture ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Energy Sector ; Environment ; Human Capital ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Transport
    Abstract: The welfare and economic growth of Azerbaijan's development trajectory based on fossil fuel extraction has come at the expense of the environment, other non-oil industries, and human capital growth. Due to its lack of economic diversification, the country is highly vulnerable to transition risks, volatility of fossil fuel markets, and climate change. This note, produced in support of Azerbaijan's ambition for green growth, identifies how increased climate action and greening of a number of sectors have the potential to spur diversification of Azerbaijan's economy, contribute to addressing sector- and country-specific environmental challenges and goals, reduce greenhouse (GHG) emissions, address the identified physical and transitional climate risks and vulnerabilities, and strengthen long-term climate resilience of the country. Investments in resource efficiency, sustainable intensification of agriculture, better land use and urban planning, water and waste management, switching to cost-effective renewable energy, and research on low-carbon hydrogen and Caspian maritime space are the green measures that can have an immediate positive impact on Azerbaijan's economy and the environment. The first stage in identifying areas for wealth development will be a comprehensive green growth and asset diversification strategy, informed by detailed sectoral analysis and supported by capable institutions. Once mobilized by public sector interventions through policies to enable and incentivize green investments and green finance instruments, private enterprises will take the lead in relocating capital to green supply chains, creating jobs and building human capital while increasing the focus on innovation and efficiency. Cutting system leak emissions in the oil and gas industry could contribute significantly to reducing GHG emissions at lower costs. Enhancing the environmental performance of enterprises will be made possible by promoting eco-efficient policies and investments in cleaner production and technologies. Beginning now and leveraging this transition to green growth and diversification through the use of public resources and revenues from fossil fuel exports, Azerbaijan can mitigate certain short-term difficulties and promote long-term sustainable growth to ensuring a cleaner environment and economic prosperity
    DOI: 10.1596/38073
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    Toward a Competitive Air Transport Market in Africa : The Role of Bilateral Air Service Agreements Liberalization (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cristea, Anca Toward a Competitive Air Transport Market in Africa: The Role of Bilateral Air Service Agreements Liberalization
    Keywords: Air Liberalization ; Air Service Agreement ; Air Transport Deregulation ; Air Transport Market Competition ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; International Economics and Trade ; Passenger Aviation ; Private Participation in Infrastructure ; Single Air Transport Market ; Transport ; Yamoussoukro Decision
    Abstract: This study examines the impact of bilateral air service agreements on air passenger transport in Africa and quantifies the consumer welfare effects associated with air transport liberalization. Using an unbalanced panel of 71 country pairs from Africa observed over 2011-19, the paper estimates the extent to which bilateral air service agreements liberalization affects the following: (1) passenger travel, (2) average airfares, (3) flight frequency, and (4) market competition within a country pair. The empirical analysis employs the difference-in-differences estimation method and pays close attention to the endogeneity concerns coming from the simultaneity and reverse causality surrounding the pricing, demand, and frequency decisions. The results indicate that both partial and full liberalization of bilateral air service agreements lead to a reduction in airfares and an increase in air travel demand and flight frequency, respectively. The analysis finds no evidence that market competition, as measured by the number of operating airlines, increases following liberalization. After quantifying all the channels through which the policy environment can affect air transport markets in Africa, the findings show that aviation liberalization generates consumer benefits that are equivalent to a 40-42 percent drop in airfares, that is, the price equivalent effect of air liberalization
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10204
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    The Role of Rail in Decarbonizing Transport in Developing Countries (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mobility and Transport Connectivity
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Transport ; Ghg Emissions ; Green Transition ; Pricing Policy ; Rail ; Taxing Measures ; Decarbonization
    Abstract: Railways support green development. Governments in developing countries seek to provide transport infrastructure and services to enable inclusive economic development. Transport decarbonization is critical for mitigating climate change through near-term actions and long-term transitions. Railways have an important role in reducing transport emissions, while also supporting economic development and increased mobility. Structured around the avoid-shift-improve framework, this report provides a systematic review of potential contributions that railways can make to development and climate goals
    DOI: 10.1596/38214
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    Trade, Transport, and Territorial Development (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dasgupta, Kunal Trade, Transport, and Territorial Development
    Keywords: Domestic Trade Costs ; Export Competitiveness ; Freight Costs ; Golden Quadrilateral ; International Economics and Trade ; International Trade ; Manufacturing Firms ; Shipping Cost ; Spatial Distribution of Economic Activity ; Territorial Development ; Trade Costs ; Trade Facilitation ; Transport
    Abstract: The spatial distribution of economic activity is known to depend on trade costs, both international and domestic. This paper examines the interplay between these external and internal trade costs using a model of trade and production that is tested with the organized manufacturing sector data for India from 1989 to 2009. The analysis establishes that the trade liberalization episode of the early 1990s helped spread manufacturing away from the primary region (districts closest to ports) to the secondary region between 1994 and 2000. Such dispersion of activity away from the primary to the secondary region was driven by high internal trade costs that insulated manufacturers from import competition. This trend reversed post-2000, a period of massive decline in internal trade costs, attributed to the Golden Quadrilateral highway upgrades. During this period, the districts along the highway network in the secondary region gained market access and manufacturing activity, while those off the network lost. Irrespective of the period, or the nature of trade costs, manufacturing activity in the interior region (districts farthest from ports) remained depressed, thereby emphasizing the importance of complementary conditions in driving territorial development
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10066
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    The Container Port Performance Index 2021 : A Comparable Assessment of Container Port Performance (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Transport Papers
    Keywords: Economic Development ; Export Competitiveness ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Logistics ; Social Development ; Transport
    Abstract: World Bank and S&P Global Market Intelligence container port performance index and underlying data are intended to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement that would benefit all key stakeholders in global trade, including governments, shipping lines, port and terminal operators, shippers, logistics companies and consumers. The ranking is based on time vessels needed to spend in port to complete workloads over the course of 2021, a year that saw unprecedented port congestion and disruption to global supply chains. The Container Port Performance Index is based on total port hours per ship call, defined as the elapsed time between when a ship reaches a port to its departure from the berth having completed its cargo exchange. Greater or lesser workloads are accounted for by examining the underlying data within ten different call size ranges. Five distinct ship size groups are accounted for in the methodology given the potential for greater fuel and emissions savings on larger vessels
    DOI: 10.1596/37542
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    The Role of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Decarbonizing Air Transport (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mobility and Transport Connectivity
    Keywords: Fuels ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Greenhouse Gases ; Transport ; GHG Emissions ; Air Transportation ; SAF ; Sustainable Aviation Fuels ; Fuel ; Transportation
    Abstract: The air transport sector is an integral part of economic growth and development. As the only available means of transporting passengers and goods across the globe within a single day, air transport provides critical connectivity between regions and better access to global markets. The creation of these benefits, however, leads to detrimental impacts on the environment and public health, including the emissions of climate-warming greenhouse gases (GHGs). This report emphasizes SAF as the main mitigation option that can most readily realize substantial GHG emission savings for air transport in the medium term (for example, the next 5 to 10 years). Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) is the term used by the aviation industry to describe a set of fuels that can be sustainably produced and generate lower CO2 emissions than conventional kerosene on a life-cycle basis. In the context of international regulation developed under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), SAF is defined more precisely as a renewable or waste-derived aviation fuel that meets a set of Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) Sustainability Criteria, including a GHG emission reduction criterion. Finally, continued support for sustainable aviation-fuel research and development is needed. This should include the development of feedstock supply chains, new and innovative production technologies, and the development of innovative business models that increase the value of all products and by-products of SAF production operations. As the SAF production and distribution network becomes global, a deeper analysis is also needed to design the structure of biomass feedstock and refined fuel products transportation, whether distributed or centralized, in streamlined supply chains
    DOI: 10.1596/38171
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    Navigating Beyond COVID-19 : Airline Recovery and Regulatory Reform Opportunities in Southern Africa (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Transport
    Abstract: This policy paper explores airline restructuring and regulatory reform challenges and opportunities in the Southern African region with particular focus on Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, the air transport sector in the region faced multipronged challenges, including those related to economic regulation, profitability, safety, security, and sustainable financing of critical infrastructure. Much like the rest of Africa, the region is characterized by the dominance of troubled state-owned airlines which have been unable to generate meaningful positive returns for many years due to structural inefficiencies and weak governance. They faced elevated costs and needed several bailouts and turnaround strategies, albeit unsuccessful
    DOI: 10.1596/38192
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    Spatial Misallocation, Informality, and Transit Improvements : Evidence from Mexico City (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Zarate, Roman D Spatial Misallocation, Informality, and Transit Improvements: Evidence from Mexico City
    Keywords: Access To Employment ; Allocative Efficiency ; Formal Economy ; Informal Urban Economy ; Informality ; Inter-Urban Roads and Passenger Transport ; Labor Market Informality ; Labor Markets ; Public Transportation ; Social Protections and Labor ; Spatial Misallocation ; Transport ; Urban Infrastructure ; Urban Transport ; Urban Transport Infrastructure
    Abstract: This paper proposes a new mechanism to explain resource misallocation in developing countries: the high commuting costs within cities that prevent workers from accessing formal employment. To test this mechanism, the paper combines a rich collection of microdata and exploits the opening of new subway lines in Mexico City. The findings show that transit improvements reduce informality by 7 percent in areas near the new stations. The paper develops a spatial model that accounts for the direct effects of infrastructure in perfectly economies and allocative efficiency. Changes in allocative efficiency driven by workers' reallocation to the formal sector amplify the gains by 20-25 percent
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9990
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    Traffic Management in African Cities : The Way Forward (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Economic and Sector Work Reports
    Keywords: Road Safety ; Transport ; Urban Transport
    Abstract: This report explores how to establish important priorities in traffic management. It is neither a toolkit nor a quick fix; rather, it focuses on realistic options for traffic management policies and measures that can be used by local transport officials, international and national transport agencies, universities, and local entrepreneurs. Each theme explored in this report provides a roadmap and guidelines for traffic authorities to follow. The implementation of a Functional Road Hierarchy (FRH), for example, is animportant factor for determining the predominant function of a road within mixed functions, and achieving safe, efficient road use.This report also presents five separate and complementary themes that provide African policymakers with tools to develop a strongerinstitutional foundation for sustainable, safe, and affordable urban traffic management in Sub-Saharan African cities. Known as the "EASI" (Enable, Avoid, Shift, Improve) Framework, these themes emphasize a more people-centric approach to adopting non-motorized modes of transport and addressing parking challenges, while embracing Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and technology to improve safety and efficiency across the board. See a comprehensive outline of the EASI principles below. The five themes are influenced by successful outcomes in European, South American, and Asian cities. These cities evolved in similar circumstances to Sub-Saharan African cities and crafted their own roadmaps to traffic management success. Moreover, these themes are entirely consistent with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11: "Making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable." The proposals also build on some measures that are currently evolving in a few Sub-Saharan African cities
    DOI: 10.1596/37085
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    Air Transport : Annual Report 2021 (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Capacity Building ; Economic Assistance ; Employment Opportunities ; Infrastructure Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Regulatory Reform ; Transport
    Abstract: Air transport plays an important role in fostering development, particularly in facilitating economic integration, generating trade, promoting tourism, and creating employment opportunities. It facilitates integration into the global economy and provides vital connectivity on a national, regional, and international scale. However, in many countries, air transport equipment and infrastructure, regulat ory frameworks, and safety and security oversight systems are inefficient or inadequate. In view of these challenges and to assist clients in establishing a safe, secure, cost-efficient, accessible and reliable air transport network, the Bank is mandated to undertake the following major activities: (i) Operational work through projects and technical assistance; (ii) Economic sector work, research, and knowledge dissemination on air transport related issues; (iii) External relations and collaboration with partner organizations and (iv) External relations and collaboration with partner organizations. This report focuses on Air transport portfolio and project highlights for the year 2021
    DOI: 10.1596/37833
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  • 69
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    Carbon Revenues From International Shipping : Enabling an Effective and Equitable Energy Transition; Summary for Policymakers (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Carbon Policy and Trading ; Environment ; Industry ; Transport
    Abstract: The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is currently considering developing market-based measures to meet the objectives of its Initial Strategy on the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Ships (Initial IMO GHG Strategy). While market-based measures are to reduce GHG emissions from international shipping as a matter of priority, some types of market-based measures, e.g. carbon levies or a cap-and-trade scheme without free distribution of emissions allowances, can raise significant revenues-thereby enabling an additional set of actions. Strategically using these revenues also appears more favorable than applying exemptions to address important equity considerations. Hence, the study investigates the unique potential of revenue-raising market-based measures to enable an effective and equitable energy transition and explores three questions: What could carbon revenues from international shipping be used for, who could be the recipients of such revenues, and how can adequate management of carbon revenues from international shipping be imagined? The study considers seven main revenue use options, of which some revenue uses appear more aligned with guiding principles of the Initial IMO GHG Strategy and other key desirable features (e.g., ability to deliver greater climate and development outcomes) than others. The analysis also suggests that splitting carbon revenues between the shipping sector and the use outside the sector could be a viable way forward. As primary recipients of carbon revenues, governments appear to be most suitable given the often blurred links between companies and countries in international shipping. However, to maximize climate and development outcomes, a share of carbon revenues may also be channeled to the private sector, including the shipping industry. The report stresses that expertise and experience from existing climate finance funds and international development organizations offering trustee services could be leveraged to inform and operationalize the management of carbon revenues from international shipping and to minimize transaction costs
    DOI: 10.1596/37241
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 70
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    Trauma Incidence and Emergency Medical Services in Malawi (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Data Collection ; Health Management Information System ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Roads and Highways ; Transport
    Abstract: This report provides insights into the current situation and overall burden of trauma and RTCs in Malawi, shares what we have learned about how to effectively run a digital trauma registry in a low-resource setting, and highlights lessons learned from the implementation of the EMS pilot
    DOI: 10.1596/36905
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  • 71
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    Fathoming Shipping Costs : An Exploration of Recent Literature, Data, and Patterns (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ardelean, Adina Fathoming Shipping Costs: An Exploration of Recent Literature, Data, and Patterns
    Keywords: Cost of Transportation ; International Economics and Trade ; International Waters ; Maritime Freight Markets ; Maritime Shipping ; Shipping Rates ; Trade Facilitation ; Transport ; Transport and Trade Logistics ; Water Resources
    Abstract: Recent academic research on maritime shipping has been affected by two factors: (i) changes in shipping technology and market structure and (ii) the explosion of new micro data sets in shipping and international trade. This paper describes this research, focusing on containerized and dry-bulk shipping and emphasizing recent trends and determinants of freight rates. The findings are presented in a systematic set of stylized facts. Some of the important and perhaps underappreciated insights include discussion of the scale effects of utilizing fuel based on vessel size over different periods and comparison of different functional forms of transportation costs: per twenty-foot equivalent, per kilo, and ad-valorem. The paper also presents several novel empirical exercises to further the insights from the existing literature. It shows that the effect of sea distance on trade costs slowly "dies" over time, but its effect on seaborne trade volumes is both significant and persistent over time. Moreover, the paper documents the presence of substantial country- and product-level heterogeneity of the impact of sea distance on international maritime freight markets
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9992
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  • 72
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    Estimating the Economic and Distributional Impacts of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Estrades Pineyrua, Carmen Estimating the Economic and Distributional Impacts of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Common Carriers Industry ; Computable General Equilibrium Model ; Construction Industry ; Electrical Equipment ; Food and Beverage Industry ; General Manufacturing ; Global Computable General Equilibrium ; Income per Capita ; Industry ; Inequality ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Meat Product ; Paper Product ; Plastics and Rubber Industry ; Pulp and Paper Industry ; Real Income ; Rules Of Origin ; Set Of Rules ; Textiles, Apparel and Leather Industry ; Trade Costs ; Trade Policy ; Trade-Weighted Average ; Transport
    Abstract: This paper applies a top-down, macro-micro modeling framework that links a computable general equilibrium model with the survey-based global income distribution dynamics model to assess the economic and distributional effects of the implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Reductions of tariffs and non-tariff measures, implementation of a rule of origin, together with productivity gains stemming from trade cost reductions can strengthen regional trade and value chains among Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership members. The results of the analysis indicate that in an already deeply integrated region, tariff liberalization alone brings little benefit, with estimated real income gains of 0.21 percent relative to the baseline (without the RCEP) in 2035. With liberal rules of origin, the gains in real income could double to 0.49 percent. The biggest benefits accrue when the productivity gains are considered, increasing real income by as much as 2.5 percent for the trade bloc. In this scenario, trade among RCEP members increases by 12.3 percent in 2035 relative to the baseline. The RCEP also has the potential to lift 27 million additional people to middle-class status by 2035. It will also boost wages, with faster gains in sectors that employ larger shares of women. The aggregate effects mask large variety of outcomes across countries, with Vietnam expected to register the highest trade and income gains. Implementation of the RCEP help partially mitigate the negative economic impacts of COVID-19 in the East Asia and the Pacific region
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9939
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  • 73
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    How Resilient was Trade to COVID-19? (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bas, Maria How Resilient was Trade to COVID-19?
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Exchange Rate Shock ; Exports ; Global Supply Chain ; Health and Sanitation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; High-Frequency Data ; International Economics and Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Pandemic ; Production and Export ; Resilience ; Shock ; Transmission Of Shocks ; Transport ; Vulnerability
    Abstract: This paper examines which product supply-side characteristics affect the resilience of traded products to the COVID-19 pandemic. Relying on monthly product-level exports by all countries to the United States, Japan, and 27 European Union countries from January 2018 to December 2020, the paper estimates a difference-in-differences specification for the impact of COVID-19 incidence (deaths per capita) mediated by product characteristics, accounting for when exports reach their destination by relying on product transportation lags. Higher reliance on foreign inputs, China as an input supplier, and unskilled labor and a lower degree of complexity negatively affected exports as a result of COVID-19
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9975
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  • 74
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    Mobility and Resilience : A Global Assessment of Flood Impacts on Road Transportation Networks (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als He, Yiyi Mobility and Resilience: A Global Assessment of Flood Impacts on Road Transportation Networks
    Keywords: Flood Hazard Impacts ; Flood Impact ; Natural Disaster ; Resilient Road Network ; Road Flooding ; Road Transportation Risks ; Transport ; Urban Disaster Risk ; Urban Roads ; Vulnerable Infrastructure
    Abstract: This study provides the first global evaluation of both direct and indirect flood hazard impacts on road transportation networks. It constructs topological road networks for 2,564 human settlements, representing over 14 million kilometers of urban roads. It assesses their exposure to pluvial and fluvial flood risks under 10 scenarios, corresponding to different flood intensities (1:5 year to 1:1,000 year return periods). Under each scenario, the study analyzes direct infrastructure exposure and assesses the indirect effects of flood-induced mobility disruptions: route failures, travel delays, and travel distance increases. The results document a positive relationship between flood return period and flood impact (both direct and indirect). Compared with direct flood hazard exposure, the indirect impact of floods on mobility is more prominent and heterogeneous. The average share of the road network that is flooded by at least 0.3 meters is 3.64 percent (or 24.84 percent) under the 5-year (or 1,000-year) return period, yet 11.58 percent (or 65.67 percent) of the simulated trips fail in the same scenario. The results enable comparisons of exposure and vulnerability of road networks to flood hazards across countries, allowing the identification and prioritization of urban transport resilience measures
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10049
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  • 75
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    Transport and Logistics : Myanmar Infrastructure Monitoring (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Transport ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Transport and logistics services in Myanmar have been substantially hit by the impacts of the February 2021 coup and the surge in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Logistics companies have been affected by rising fuel prices, border closures, and a shortage of shipping containers. While the initial effects after the military coup on the transport sector were extremely severe, there have been signs of some recovery of transport services since May 2021. Public transport in Yangon experienced a significant reduction in passenger demand in early months after the coup, subsequently recovering some ground by December 2021. Higher fuel prices and currency liquidity shortages significantly increased the cost of inland transport services. Transportation and logistics services are expected to be severely impacted by continuing high fuel prices, mobility constrains, political instability, and evolution of the pandemic. The export and import via container are expected to recover gradually due to agricultural and garment industry-led demand. However, improvement of exports and imports in the medium term is uncertain given the complexity of trade relations with international trade partners. In addition to effects of the coup and political conflicts, risks related to the pandemic will also significantly impact logistics supply chains and mobility in the near to mid-term
    DOI: 10.1596/37426
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  • 76
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    Motorization Management for Development : An Integrated Approach to Improving Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mobility and Transport Connectivity
    Keywords: Air Pollution ; Air Quality and Clean Air ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Transport ; Urban Development ; Urbanization
    Abstract: Across the developing world, countries are experiencing rapid growth in urbanization and motorization. While high motorization rates potentially meant hat more people will be able to claim the benefits of improved accessibility to goods and services as a consequence of enhanced mobility, there are questions about the sustainability of this future. Will countries be able to build and maintain infrastructure to accommodate increasing numbers of vehicles? Will the increasing number of vehicles and their characteristics support attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Will they put in jeopardy countries' ability to meet their climate commitments under their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)? From a development impact standpoint, the nature of a country's motor vehicle stock and how it grows affects three key and tangible outcomes. First, the quality of the motor vehicle stock affects road safety outcomes-that is, the number of people killed or seriously injured in motor vehicle crashes. The characteristics of vehicles and their fitness or roadworthiness can affect fatality and serious injury outcomes. Second, the quality of the motor vehicle fleet affects air quality, particularly in cities. Motor vehicles are a key source of harmful air pollution, including carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulates (PM2.5), sulfur oxides (SOx), and ozone precursors (oxides of nitrogen and various hydrocarbons), and the amount of these pollutants they emit is directly related to how the vehicle was built and how well it is maintained. Finally, the profile of the vehicle fleet-what is the size and weight of vehicles in the fleet, how big are their engines, what kind of power control technology do they use, and how did their manufacturers engineer the technology of the vehicle to balance power with efficiency-affects the (fossil) fuel consumption of the vehicle stock as a whole, and, consequently, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions profile of the road transport sector. This report presents the World Bank's Motorization Management (MM) framework, which is intended to support client countries in the development of policies and measures aimed at managing vehicle stocks in a proactive, phased, and systematic manner to make them safer, cleaner, and more fuel efficient. The MM framework reflects a series of policy considerations and programs that can be implemented to improve the quality of fuels and vehicles in a country's stock
    DOI: 10.1596/37589
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  • 77
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    Trucking Costs and the Margins of Internal Trade : Evidence from a Trucking Portal in India (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lall, Somik Trucking Costs and the Margins of Internal Trade: Evidence from a Trucking Portal in India
    Keywords: Freight Rates ; Network Externalities ; Transaction Rates ; Transport ; Transportation Costs ; Trucking Costs
    Abstract: This paper uses data on nearly half a million actual shipments from a trucking portal in India to provide evidence on how trucking costs depend on route characteristics and affect the intensive and extensive margins of shipment flows. The empirical analysis using pre-pandemic data (before March 24, 2020) confirms the presence of thick market externalities along a route and spillovers across routes due to network externalities, both of which confer advantages to origins and destinations with larger market sizes. The paper utilizes exogenous variations in value-added tax on gasoline across states to provide causal estimates of the elasticity of shipment flows with respect to trucking costs. The empirical estimates suggest that a 1 percent increase in trucking unit costs reduces trade flows by 2.8?3.9 percent. On the extensive margin of trade, three eastern states and several smaller territories constitute isolated regions that were largely cut off from the trading networks during the pre-pandemic period. Trucking costs increased by 32 percent during the early post-lockdown period (June 2020 to February 2021). The increase was greater along longer routes. In the short run, the increase in freight rates led to a proportionate decrease in trade flows across states. It pushed a significant number of poorer and remoter states into the ranks of isolated regions
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10059
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  • 78
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    Evaluation Insight Note : Transport Decarbonization (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Carbon Policy and Trading ; Environment ; Transport ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Transport is a priority action area under the World Bank's Climate Change Action Plan. Climate action in the transport sector is essential as the sector emits approximately 24 percent of the global total of energy-related carbon emissions and, without aggressive measures, the World Bank expects emissions from transport to grow 60 percent by 2050. This EIN was guided by the overall question: How has the World Bank been approaching transport decarbonization To answer this question, the note uses existing evidence from the self-evaluation system of the World Bank, including Implementation Completion and Results Reports prepared by the project teams and the associated Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) validations, relevant information from other project documents, literature from policy and academic sources, advisory services and analytics, country strategies, and existing IEG evaluations. This systematic review provided the basis for four main insights into the current patterns of World Bank work on transport decarbonization and the identification of a range of potential actions to exploit opportunities for decarbonization: (i) The World Bank has steadily increased the number of projects with decarbonization content, especially in low income countries, and has recently put together a strong knowledge base on transport decarbonization. (ii) Nevertheless, transport decarbonization in World Bank lending remains timid against the needed contributions to the Climate Change Action Plan. (iii) Country-specific decarbonization diagnostics and analytical work has been limited, and transport decarbonization seldom makes it onto the World Bank's strategic country agenda. (iv) The World Bank has rarely measured transport decarbonization directly
    DOI: 10.1596/38349
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  • 79
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    Developing thematic satellite accounts : The example of a thematic satellite account for transport (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2021/02
    Keywords: Transport ; Economics
    Abstract: The 2008 System of National Accounts (SNA) provides the international standards for compiling macro-economic statistics. In addition to the core set of accounts, the 2008 SNA also introduces satellite accounts, which are linked to, but distinct from, the central framework of national accounts. One type of satellite accounts involves some rearrangement of central classifications and the possible introduction of complementary elements, to give a more detailed description and monitoring of a certain theme, such as tourism, education, health, the digital economy and transport. They may involve some differences from the standards applied in the central framework, but they generally do not change the underlying concepts of the SNA in a fundamental way. The second type of satellite analysis is mainly based on concepts that are alternatives to those of the SNA. They may include a different production boundary, an enlarged concept of consumption or capital formation, an extension of the scope of assets, and so on. There is a growing demand for satellite accounts, especially for the first type of thematic satellite accounts. This paper aims to clarify the key steps for the compilation of such thematic satellite accounts, using the example of a satellite account for transport.
    DOI: 10.1787/b833cbfa-en
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  • 80
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Irlande 2021 (Version abrégée) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264342903 , 9789264747005 , 9789264327665
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Ireland 2021
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Transport ; Ireland
    Abstract: Au cours de la décennie écoulée, l’Irlande a realisé des progrès inégaux en matière de découplage entre les principales pressions environnementales et l’activité économique. Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, la production de déchets et la pollution de l’eau par les éléments nutritifs ont augmenté avec la forte croissance économique entre le milieu des années 2010 et le début de la pandémie de COVID-19. Le peuplement dispersé place, de loin, le transport routier en tête des modes de transports. Les politiques en matière de climat, d'économie circulaire et de biodiversité ont pris un nouvel élan, avec des initiatives politiques ambitieuses et de grands plans d'investissement public. Il convient de les mettre en œuvre sans tarder pour atténuer les pressions grandissantes exercées par l'intensification des pratiques agricoles, le développement démographique, l'étalement urbain et le trafic routier. Il est essentiel d'encourager les entreprises et les ménages à agir. Il faut pour cela fournir des signaux de prix cohérents pour l'utilisation de l'énergie et des ressources naturelles et pour mieux gérer la demande de déplacements, tout en tenant compte de l'accessibilité financière, de l'impact sur l'emploi et des disparités régionales. Ce rapport est le troisième Examen environnemental de l’Irlande. Il évalue les progrès réalisés en matière de croissance verte et de développement durable, avec un chapitre spécial consacré à la mobilité et au transport de marchandises durables. Cette version abrégée contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, qui reposent sur les trois chapitres consacrés aux évolutions et faits récents, à la gouvernance et à la croissance verte, ainsi que sur le chapitre qui examinent en détail la soutenabilité de la mobilité et du transport de marchandises. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/62046220-fr
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  • 81
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    Big Data for Travel Demand Modelling : Summary and Conclusions (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282169155
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.186
    Keywords: Verkehrsnachfrage ; Modellierung ; Big Data ; Mobiltelefon ; Verkehrsaufkommen ; Transport ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This report examines how big data from mobile phones and other sources can help to forecast travel demand. It identifies the strengths and potential use-cases for big data in transport modelling and mobility analysis. It also examines potential biases, commercial sensitivities and threats to privacy. The report presents approaches to resolve such issues and offers recommendations for governance arrangements that make data sharing easier.
    DOI: 10.1787/08378837-en
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  • 82
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    Misuse of containerized maritime shipping in the global trade of counterfeits (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264647381 , 9789264438088 , 9789264498280
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Illicit trade
    Keywords: Containerverkehr ; Container ; Illegaler Handel ; Frachtschifffahrt ; Schifffahrt ; Governance ; Transport ; Trade ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report provides empirical evidence about the misuse of container ships in international trade in counterfeits. It also suggests the main routes of trade with containers polluted with illicit trade. Finally, the report also outlines the economic landscape for containerized maritime transport and investigates policy gaps that enable its misuse by criminals in illicit trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/e39d8939-en
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  • 83
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    Regional integration in the Union for the Mediterranean : progress report (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264504622
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Keywords: Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Integration ; EU-Staaten ; Mittelmeerraum ; Internationale Politik ; Mittelmeerpolitik ; Integration ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Fortschrittsbericht ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Trade ; Mittelmeerraum ; Naher Osten ; Mittlerer Osten ; Nordafrika
    Abstract: Regional Integration in the Union for the Mediterranean: Progress Report monitors major trends and evolutions of integration in the Euro-Mediterranean region. The Report examines five domains of regional integration, namely trade integration, financial integration, infrastructure integration, movement of people, as well as research and higher education. It presents an original analysis of the patterns and challenges of integration in the Euro-Mediterranean region, which highlights the interdependence of the areas examined – e.g. how to increase regional trade without affordable transport connectivity? The Report offers new insights, based on specific quantitative and qualitative performance indicators that are monitored over time. Almost 100 graphs and tables in the report cover data for the 42 member countries of the Union for the Mediterranean and, when relevant, for partners of the region. The Report includes key takeaways and policy recommendations on how to foster regional integration in each of the five domains.
    DOI: 10.1787/325884b3-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 84
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    Building the STRING megaregion as a green hub in the wake of COVID-19 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.14
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Denmark ; Germany ; Norway ; Sweden
    Abstract: STRING is a political cross-border organisation spanning five cities (the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Copenhagen, Malmö, Gothenburg and Oslo) and eight regions (Schleswig-Holstein, Region of Southern Denmark, Region Zealand, Capital Region of Denmark, Region Skåne, Region Halland, Västra Götalandsregionen and Viken County) across Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Home to around 14 million inhabitants, STRING has good potential to become a leading European megaregion and an internationally acknowledged Green Hub if governments “think big” and work together beyond their own boundaries. Building on its green expertise and high levels of innovation and quality of life, STRING could take advantage of current opportunities such as the construction of the Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link to reap the benefits of agglomeration economies and establish itself as a sustainable megaregion. However, time is of the essence. Seizing the political momentum of the coming decade, including the momentum to support a green recovery from COVID-19, will be critical to advance STRING’s green vision and shape a future-proof economic model.
    DOI: 10.1787/40c840c3-en
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  • 85
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    Decongesting our Cities : Summary and Conclusions (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282134146
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.183
    Keywords: Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Verkehrsstau ; Transport ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This report reviews a wide range of congestion control measures. It analyses their effectiveness, financial and operational requirements, implementation time and public acceptability. It focuses on the role of technology in addressing congestion, including sensors, wireless systems, traffic light optimisation and trip planning data. The report takes an in‑depth look at the use of HOT lanes to control congestion, the different ways in which they can be used and their effectiveness relative to other initiatives. The report is based on discussions held during the September 2020 ITF Roundtable on Congestion Control Experience and Recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/930c8f58-en
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  • 86
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    Decarbonising India’s Transport System : Charting the Way Forward (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.88
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Verkehr ; Indien ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Transport ; India
    Abstract: This report presents an analysis of current transport activity in India and reviews key policy instruments set up by Indian institutions to shape transport developments in the coming years. It also investigates future scenarios of transport in India and outlines key aspects that should be considered in the upcoming work on transport decarbonisation. The final section builds on these insights, charting a way forward for a climate change mitigation strategy for the Indian transport sector. In particular, it underlines the importance of taking an approach that is not limited to direct GHG emission reductions but takes into account a lifecycle perspective.
    DOI: 10.1787/4916dc15-en
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  • 87
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    COVID-19, international mobility and trade in services: The road to recovery (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Internationaler Personenverkehr ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Transport ; Trade
    Abstract: COVID-19 disruptions to international mobility drove a collapse in services trade. In the medium term, the OECD estimates that closing borders to passengers could increase services trade costs by an average of 12% across sectors and countries. Restoring safe cross-border mobility through internationally co-ordinated border health protocols and mutual recognition agreements is therefore crucial to a strong economic recovery.
    DOI: 10.1787/ec716823-en
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  • 88
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    التكامل الإقليمي في الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط : تقرير مرحلي (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264678040
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (189 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Regional Integration in the Union for the Mediterranean: Progress Report
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Intégration régionale dans l’Union pour la Méditerranée : Rapport d'étape
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Trade
    Abstract: التكامل الإقليمي في الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط: تقرير مرحلي يرصد الاتجاهات الرئيسية والتكامل في المنطقة الأورو - متوسطية. يحلل هذا التقرير خمسة مجالات للتكامل الإقليمي: التكامل التجاري، والتكامل المالي، وتكامل البنية التحتية، وحركة السكان، والبحث والتعليم العالي. يقدم التقرير تحليلا مبدعا لأنماط وتحديات التكامل في المنطقة الأورو - متوسطية، مما يسلط الضوء على الترابط بين المجالات التي تم بحثها - مثل كيفية تطوير المبادلات في ضل ظروف خصاص بنية تحتية ملائمة. ويقدم التقرير رؤى ثاقبة جديدة تستند إلى مؤشرات أداء كمية ونوعية محددة يجري رصدها بمرور الوقت. ويغطي ما يقرب من 100 رسم بياني وجداول بيانات عن 42 بلدا عضوا في الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط وعن شركاء المنطقة. ويتضمن التقرير مقترحات رئيسية وتوصيات تتعلق بالسياسات بشأن كيفية تعزيز التكامل الإقليمي في كل مجال من المجالات الخمسة.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc416437-ar
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  • 89
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    Gender and the Environment : Building Evidence and Policies to Achieve the SDGs (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264897632 , 9789264969599 , 9789264819696
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (319 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Égalité femmes-hommes et environnement : Accumuler des connaissances et des politiques pour atteindre les ODD
    Keywords: Geschlecht ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Gender equality and environmental goals are mutually reinforcing, with slow progress on environmental actions affecting the achievement of gender equality, and vice versa. Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires targeted and coherent actions. However, complementarities and trade-offs between gender equality and environmental sustainability are scarcely documented within the SDG framework. Based on the SDG framework, this report provides an overview of the gender-environment nexus, looking into data and evidence gaps, economic and well-being benefits, and governance and justice aspects. It examines nine environment-related SDGs (2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 and 15) through a gender-environment lens, using available data, case studies, surveys and other evidence. It shows that women around the world are disproportionately affected by climate change, deforestation, land degradation, desertification, growing water scarcity and inadequate sanitation, with gender inequalities further exacerbated by COVID-19. The report concludes that gender-responsiveness in areas such as land, water, energy and transport management, amongst others, would allow for more sustainable and inclusive economic development, and increased well-being for all. Recognising the multiple dimensions of and interactions between gender equality and the environment, it proposes an integrated policy framework, taking into account both inclusive growth and environmental considerations at local, national and international levels.
    DOI: 10.1787/3d32ca39-en
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  • 90
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    Intégration régionale dans l’Union pour la Méditerranée : Rapport d'étape (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264462229 , 9789264948679 , 9789264347151
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (211 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Regional Integration in the Union for the Mediterranean: Progress Report
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe التكامل الإقليمي في الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط: تقرير مرحلي
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Trade
    Abstract: Intégration régionale dans l’Union pour la Méditerranée : Rapport d’étape analyse les grandes tendances et l’évolution de l’intégration dans la région euro-méditerranéenne. Le rapport examine cinq domaines d’intégration régionale, à savoir l’intégration commerciale, l’intégration financière, l’intégration des infrastructures, la mobilité des personnes, ainsi que la recherche et l’enseignement supérieur. Le rapport présente une analyse originale des modèles et des défis de l’intégration dans la région euro-méditerranéenne, qui met en évidence l’interdépendance des domaines examinés – par exemple, comment accroître le commerce régional sans une connectivité des transports abordable ? Le rapport apporte un nouvel éclairage basé sur l’analyse temporelle d’indicateurs de performances quantitatifs et qualitatifs spécifiques. Près de 100 graphiques et tableaux présentent les données de 42 pays membres de l’Union pour la Méditerranée et, le cas échéant, des pays partenaires de la région. Le rapport fournit des points clés à retenir et des recommandations stratégiques visant à favoriser l’intégration régionale dans chacun des cinq domaines.
    DOI: 10.1787/3a41651e-fr
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  • 91
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    Data-driven Transport Infrastructure Maintenance (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.95
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Instandhaltung ; Daten ; Transport
    Abstract: This report examines the potential of data-driven approaches to improving transport infrastructure maintenance. It assesses trends in maintenance strategies, explores how the targeted use of data could make them more effective for different types of transport infrastructure, and looks into implications for policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/a1cc71cc-en
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  • 92
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    Forging Links : Unblocking Transport with Blockchain? (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.)
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.90
    Keywords: Blockchain ; Verkehrssektor ; Güterverkehr ; Personenverkehr ; Transport
    Abstract: Blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) could help create trust and consensus in areas of the transport sector where they are needed for efficient solutions but currently often lacking. Such challenges concern for instance clearing transactions amongst multiple parties with divergent interests, authenticating provenance, managing assets, and auditability. This report explores how DLTs can address these issues by providing an alternative to centralised record-keeping and third-party audit-based approaches. It offers recommendations for maximising the benefits of DLTs in transport based on several use cases in freight and logistics as well as passenger transport.
    DOI: 10.1787/738454bb-en
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  • 93
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    Reversing Car Dependency : Summary and Conclusions (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282127018
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.181
    Keywords: Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Kraftfahrzeug ; Personenverkehr ; Welt ; Transport
    Abstract: Managing the growth of urban traffic is vital for improving the liveability of our cities. This report examines how governments can encourage citizens to use alternatives to private cars in order to reduce car dependency, regardless of how they are powered or who drives them. The report analyses fiscal policies and other instruments for managing urban traffic and correcting current policy biases that favour automobile travel over more sustainable and affordable transport options. It also reviews international experience in co-ordinating transport planning with land-use development and in allocating space to walking and cycling in order to make transport more efficient and streets less congested.
    DOI: 10.1787/bebe3b6e-en
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  • 94
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    The innovative mobility landscape : The case of mobility as a service (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.92
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report reviews changes in today’s urban mobility landscape and the potential of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) to improve travel in cities. It assesses essential governance and regulatory challenges that stakeholders must address to create a healthy ecosystem for Mobility as a Service which aligns with societal objectives and delivers clear benefits to people.
    DOI: 10.1787/46903a00-en
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  • 95
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    Exploring the impact of shared mobility services on CO2 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.175
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Policy action to avoid the impending societal costs of climate change is particularly warranted in transport sector, which is responsible for 30% of greenhouse gas emissions in OECD countries. To design appropriate interventions in this sector, policy makers should account for the recent emergence of shared mobility services in urban areas and their potential advantages in terms of emissions mitigation. This study estimates the impact that the widespread uptake of shared mobility services could have on the carbon footprint of urban transport. To this end, it simulates the share of each transport mode and aggregate emissions from passenger transport in 247 cities across 29 OECD countries between 2015 and 2050. The analysis indicates that they have the potential to eliminate, on average, 6.3% of urban passenger transport emissions by the end of this period.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d20da6c-en
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  • 96
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    Effective Carbon Rates 2021 : Pricing Carbon Emissions through Taxes and Emissions Trading (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264820173 , 9789264854635 , 9789264841536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Emissionshandel ; Ökosteuer ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Transport
    Abstract: Carbon pricing very effectively encourages the shift of production and consumption choices towards low and zero carbon options that is required to limit climate change. Are countries using this tool to its full potential? This report measures the pricing of CO2-emissions from energy use in 44 OECD and G20 countries, covering around 80% of world emissions. The analysis takes a comprehensive view of carbon prices, including fuel excise taxes, carbon taxes and tradable emission permit prices. The "carbon pricing score" measures how close the 44 countries, together as well as individually, are to the goal of pricing all energy related carbon emissions at current and forward-looking benchmark values for carbon costs. The report highlights the structure of effective carbon rates across countries and sectors in 2018 and discusses change compared to 2012 and 2015. It also provides an outlook on recent trends in emissions trading in China and the European Union.
    DOI: 10.1787/0e8e24f5-en
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  • 97
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    Connecting Remote Communities : Summary and Conclusions (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282139486
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.179
    Keywords: Periphere Region ; Räumliche Erreichbarkeit ; Welt ; Transport
    Abstract: This report explores the accessibility challenges that people face in remote areas. It demonstrates how state support can ensure access to essential services and reduce social and economic isolation where private markets fail to provide adequate transport connections. It provides a classification of policy interventions in different countries and reviews common design and implementation challenges. Finally, it analyses different approaches to determine the appropriate level of state support for transport in remote communities.
    DOI: 10.1787/a259ab33-en
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  • 98
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    Azərbaycanda Nəqliyyat Sisteminin Dekarbonizasiyası : Gələcək Fəaliyyətin Planlaşdırılması (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Decarbonising Azerbaijan's Transport System: Charting the Way Forward
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Bu sənəddə Azərbaycanın nəqliyyat sektorundakı istixana qazı emissiyalarının azaldılması üçün imkanlar və problemlər nəzərdən keçirilir. Burada Azərbaycanın nəqliyyat sisteminə ümumi baxış təqdim edilir, ölkənin nəqliyyat sistemində CO2 tullantılarının azaldılması üçün mövcud siyasəti və gələcək planları nəzərdən keçirilir. Sənəddə, həmçinin nəqliyyat fəaliyyəti və Azərbaycan üçün mövcud olan emissiyalar haqqında məlumatlar, eləcə də dövlət qurumları tərəfindən onların qiymətləndirilməsi üçün istifadə olunan alətlər barədə ümumi məlumat verilir. Nəhayət, BNF-nin “İnkişaf etməkdə olan iqtisadiyyatlarda Nəqliyyatın Dekarbonlaşdırılması” (DTEE) layihəsi çərçivəsində növbəti fəaliyyət variantları təklif edilir.
    DOI: 10.1787/4bcde474-az
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  • 99
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    Égalité femmes-hommes et environnement : Accumuler des connaissances et des politiques pour atteindre les ODD (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264582422 , 9789264937826 , 9789264601673
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (356 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender and the Environment: Building Evidence and Policies to Achieve the SDGs
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les objectifs en matière d’égalité femmes-hommes et d’environnement se renforcent mutuellement, avec des progrès lents sur les actions environnementales affectant la réalisation de l'égalité femmes-hommes, et vice versa. Les progrès vers les objectifs de développement durable (ODD) nécessite des actions ciblées et cohérentes. Cependant, les complémentarités et les compromis entre l'égalité femmes-hommes et la durabilité environnementale sont à peine documentés dans le cadre des ODD. Basé sur le cadre des ODD, ce rapport propose une vue d’ensemble de ces liens, en examinant les déficits de données et d'éléments factuels, les bénéfices économiques et de bien-être, ainsi que les aspects de gouvernance et de justice. Il examine neuf ODD liés à l'environnement (2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 et 15) à travers un prisme genre-environnement, en utilisant des données disponibles, des études de cas, des enquêtes et d'autres éléments. Il démontre que les femmes partout dans le monde sont affectées de manière disproportionnée par le changement climatique, la déforestation, la dégradation des terres, la désertification, la raréfaction de l'eau et l'insuffisance de l'assainissement. Ces inégalités entre femmes et hommes ont été encore exacerbées par le COVID-19. Le rapport conclut qu’une approche sexospécifique des domaines clés comme d’utilisation des terres, de gestion de l'eau, de l'énergie et des transports, entre autres, permettrait la promotion d’un développement économique plus durable et plus inclusif, et d’accroître le bien-être pour tous. Reconnaissant les multiples dimensions et interactions entre l'égalité femmes-hommes et l'environnement, il propose un cadre d'action intégré, tenant compte à la fois de la croissance inclusive et des considérations environnementales aux niveaux local, national et international.
    DOI: 10.1787/009350ea-fr
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  • 100
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    Ready for Take-off? : Integrating Drones into the Transport System (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282162330
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Drohne ; Güterverkehr ; Transport
    Abstract: This report presents policy options for the successful integration of drones into the transport system. How can countries reap the benefits of drone transport while limiting risks? The report examines concerns about the acceptability, efficiency and sustainability of drone transport. The analysis covers passenger and freight drones with different payloads and ranges, and also addresses other drone uses that support the transport sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/6e3f6792-en
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