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  • 2005-2009  (276)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (276)
  • OECD  (157)
  • Transport  (125)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Terrorism and International Transport : Towards Risk-based Security Policy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102329
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.144
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international ; Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international : Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Security is critical to transport systems as they are often appealing targets for terrorist attacks. The significant costs of potential damage make effective security policies a key concern for transport decision makers. This Round Table examines the contribution economic analysis can make to improving security in aviation and maritime shipping by identifying methods for quantifying the benefits of security measures and assessing their effectiveness, and examining techniques to allocate resources targeting the highest risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102329-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cognitive Impairment, Mental Health and Transport : Design with Everyone in Mind (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102183
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Déficience cognitive, santé mentale et transports ; Vers une accessibilité pour tous
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Cognitive impairment and mental health affect a large number of people, for whom the use of public transport can present a challenge. This book examines this neglected area, presenting various suggestions from transport staff training to better signage, clearer timetables, and increased staff presence to help build users' confidence.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102183-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Promoting Consumer Education : Trends, Policies and Good Practices (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060098
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Promoting consumer education
    DDC: 381.33
    RVK:
    QR 460
    RVK:
    QW 300
    Schlagwort(e): Verbraucherpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Verbrauchererziehung ; Verbraucherschutz ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD
    Kurzfassung: Consumers today are challenged by growing amounts of information and wider choices of products, requiring them to develop skills and knowledge for making good choices in complex markets. This publication examines the approaches that governments use to promote consumer education in OECD and some non-OECD countries, highlighting the policies and measures that have been particularly effective. It also analyses recent trends, the role of stakeholders, steps being taken to evaluate the effectiveness of current programmes and the principal challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060098-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Rethinking e-Government Services : User-Centred Approaches (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059412
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD e-Government Studies
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Rethinking e-government services
    RVK:
    MF 7080
    Schlagwort(e): E-Government ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; E-Government
    Kurzfassung: Expecting substantial savings and improved public services – a trend further accentuated by the financial and economic crisis beginning in 2008 – OECD countries have invested in the development of e-government services over the past 10-15 years. However, despite the initial exceptional take-up, governments later saw low adoption and low use of e-government services which are still far from satisfactory today. This report gives a broad description of the shift in governments' focus on e-government development – from a government-centric to a user-centric approach. It gives a comprehensive overview of challenges to user take-up of e-government services in OECD countries and of the different types of approaches to improving it. The monitoring and evaluation of user take-up are also discussed, including the existence of formal measurement frameworks. Good practices are presented to illustrate the different concrete approaches used by OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059412-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Green Growth : Overcoming the Crisis and Beyond (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264083639
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La croissance verte ; La crise et au-delà
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La croissance verte : La crise et au-delà
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Alternative ; Investition ; Umweltschutzmarkt ; Wirkung ; Auswirkung ; Beschäftigung ; Konjunkturpolitik ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Direktinvestition ; Umweltpolitik ; Innovation ; OECD-Länder Wirtschaftskrise ; Alternative ; Investition ; Umweltindustrie ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Beschäftigung ; Konjunkturprogramm ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Direktinvestition ; Umweltpolitik ; Innovation ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Within the context of sustainable development, natural resources and ecosystem services provided by the environment are essential to support economic growth social wellbeing, and human health. Inaction on key environmental challenges, such as climate change, could lead to severe economic consequences in the future. It is important that the measures governments are taking now to address the economic crisis are designed so that they support – and at least do not compromise – sustainable long-term, environmentally friendly growth in the future. This discussion paper highlights some of the measures governments are already taking to 'green' their approches to economic recovery, and some of the key issues they may wish to further consider going forward regarding the impact of these approaches on the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264083639-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Terrorisme et transport international : Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102343
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Serie: Tables rondes FIT no.144
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorism and International Transport; Towards Risk-based Security Policy
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorism and International Transport: Towards Risk-based Security Policy
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: La sûreté est un élément fondamental des systèmes de transport : ces derniers sont souvent pris pour cible dans les attaques terroristes. Les coûts significatifs des dommages potentiels font des politiques de sûreté une préoccupation majeure pour les autorités responsables des transports. Cette Table Ronde examine le rôle que peut jouer l’analyse économique pour renforcer la sécurité des transports aérien et maritime en quantifiant les avantages associés et en appréciant leur efficacité et la valeur des techniques qui visent à orienter les ressources vers l’atténuation des risques les plus importants.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102343-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    How Regions Grow : Trends and Analysis (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039469
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Régions et croissance ; Une analyse des tendances
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als How regions grow
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Schlagwort(e): Regionales Wachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Kurzfassung: Regional differences within OECD countries are often greater than those between countries and much inequality remains. This report explores what generates growth at the regional level. Based on in-depth econometric modelling and analyses, this report reframes the debate on regional policy and development, emphasising that opportunities for growth exist in all regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039469-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Territorial Reviews: Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076129
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009; (Korean version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Trans-border urban co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Ostasien ; Gelbes Meer ; Internationale Kooperation ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Soziokultureller Wandel ; Transnationale Politik ; Bericht ; OECD
    Kurzfassung: The Pan Yellow Sea Region (PYSR) covers the coasts of Northern China (Bohai Rim), western and southern Korea and south-western Japan (Kyushu). It has been one of the fastest growing economic zones in East Asia since China’s opening in the early 1990s, thanks to the region’s extensive manufacturing and transportation networks. Development has been driven by cities such as Dalian, Qingdao and Tianjin in China, Busan and Incheon in Korea, and Fukuoka and Kitakyushu in Japan. However, the PYSR has yet not fully utilised its assets nor reached its potential for growth. Further economic integration has been hindered by excessive competition and inadequate co-operation within the region. The regional transportation system requires structural changes to be integrated, especially in the container transportation market. Deepening the region’s social and cultural network remains a challenge. And environmental concerns are increasingly attracting attention. This report analyses these factors and assesses a wide range of policies to improve the PYSR’s competitiveness and integration. In particular, the report examines the PYSR’s trans-border governance system, which has emerged since the 1990s as a key regional policy agenda. The harmonisation of authorities within the region is a prerequisite to achieving economic success and addressing the PYSR’s diverse challenges. A comparative analysis of trans-border cooperation in OECD countries in Europe and North America is also included in an annex. This report will be of special interest to policy makers, researchers, NGOs and others active in trans-border development or Asian economic development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076129-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Political Economy of Reform : Lessons from Pensions, Product Markets and Labour Markets in Ten OECD Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073111
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (498 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'économie politique de la réforme ; Retraites, emplois et déréglementation dans dix pays de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Tompson, William The political economy of reform
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    RVK:
    MF 9100
    Schlagwort(e): Rentenreform ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Deregulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; OECD ; Rentenreform ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Deregulierung
    Kurzfassung: This report examines why some policy reforms get implemented and others languish by examining 20 structural reform efforts in 10 OECD countries over the past two decades. The case studies cover a wide variety of reform attempts in three key areas: pensions, labour- and product-market regulation. Key factors in the political, economic and reform-specific arenas are identified as helping or hindering reform, and these findings are cross-checked using a relatively simple set of Spearman rank correlations. The report’s two-pronged analytical approach – quantitative and qualitative – results in unique insights for policy makers designing, adopting and implementing structural policy reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073111-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Les migrations internationales : Le visage humain de la mondialisation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107120 , 9789264055803
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Serie: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. International Migration; The Human Face of Globalisation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration; Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. International Migration: The Human Face of Globalisation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration: Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Globalisierung
    Kurzfassung: À travers le monde, environ 190 millions de personnes vivent dans un autre pays que celui où elles sont nées. Ces migrants sont une source d’énergie, d’esprit d’entreprise et d’idées nouvelles pour nos sociétés. Il y a cependant des inconvénients : certains jeunes migrants sont en échec scolaire, certains adultes ne trouvent pas de travail et il existe bien sûr des flux migratoires non régulés. De tels défis peuvent faire des migrations un enjeu politique incontournable et une question très controversée. Cet ouvrage s’appuie sur l’expertise incomparable de l’OCDE pour dépasser les débats rhétoriques et examiner les réalités des migrations internationales d’aujourd’hui. D’où les migrants viennent-ils et où vont-ils ? Comment les gouvernements gèrent-ils les migrations ? Comment les migrants s’en sortent-ils à l’école et sur le marché du travail ? Et les migrations sont-elles un atout – ou un frein – pour les pays en développement ?
    Anmerkung: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: International migration : the human face of globalisation
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055803-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Intégration, non-intégration des transports maritimes, des activités portuaires et logistiques : quelques évidences empiriques ; Contribution à la Table Ronde des 5-6 février 2009 sur "Intégration verticale du transport et de la logistique" (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Document de référence / Centre Conjoint de Recherche sur les Transports 2009-1
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/01
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: En cinquante années, la conteneurisation est devenue l’épine dorsale de la mondialisation. Ce processus peut s’expliquer par une interaction vertueuse entre trois grands types de facteurs : des facteurs techniques, économiques et organisationnels. En effet, la conteneurisation n’est à l’origine qu’une simple innovation technique. Mais le conteneur, outil intermodal, ouvre la voie à de nouveaux schémas organisationnels de transport qui s’inscrivent dans la durée. Ces facteurs organisationnels mettent en cause les acteurs du transport qui ont dû redéfinir les frontières de leur métier respectif, afin de mettre en oeuvre des chaînes de transport porte à porte fiables et globales par leur étendue géographique. Ces possibilités ouvertes par la conteneurisation seraient restées lettre morte, si elles n’avaient pas correspondu à de profonds bouleversements des facteurs économiques depuis les années 1970. La très forte croissance du commerce international des produits manufacturés, systématiquement supérieures à celle de l’ensemble du commerce international, elle-même supérieure à celle du PIB, caractérise une accentuation de la division internationale du travail qui n’était possible que sous-tendue par un puissant système de transport.
    Anmerkung: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Frémont, Antoine: Empirical Evidence for Integration and Disintegration of Maritime Shipping, Port and Logistics Activities , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/227542743751
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Déficience cognitive, santé mentale et transports : Vers une accessibilité pour tous (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102213
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Cognitive Impairment, Mental Health and Transport; Design with Everyone in Mind
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Pour la partie de plus en plus nombreuse de la population qui est atteinte de déficiences cognitives ou d’un problème de santé mentale, l’utilisation des transports publics peut être vécue comme un défi. La publication analyse ce domaine négligé en proposant des solutions allant de la formation des personnels de services à l'utilisation d'une meilleure signalétique, à des changements dans la présentation des horaires ainsi qu'à une présence accrue de personnel pour aider les voyageurs à prendre confiance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102213-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Evaluating and Rewarding the Quality of Teachers: International Practices (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034358
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Evaluación y reconocimiento de la calidad de los docentes ; Prácticas internacionales
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Evaluating and rewarding the quality of teachers
    DDC: 371.12
    RVK:
    DN 7500
    RVK:
    DP 1760
    Schlagwort(e): Lehrkräfte ; Vergütungssystem ; Performance-Messung ; Welt ; Teachers Rating of ; Teachers Salaries, etc ; Education ; OECD ; Lehrer ; Lehren ; Qualität ; Evaluation
    Kurzfassung: Drawing on relevant international research, including information from experts’ presentations and papers given at the December 2008 Joint Conference between the OECD and the Government of Mexico, this book sets out good practice in the design and implementation of incentive systems for teachers. With this aim in mind, the book provides analysis and discussion of the design and implementation of incentive systems for teachers as well as guidance on what should be rewarded and how it should it be measured, who should be rewarded, how they should they be rewarded and how policies should be developed and implemented to ensure stakeholder engagement and commitment.
    Anmerkung: Literaturangaben
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034358-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Concurrence et interactions entre aéroports, services de transports aériens et ferroviaires (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102480
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Serie: Tables rondes FIT no.145
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Competitive Interaction between Airports, Airlines and High-Speed Rail
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Konferenzschrift ; Verkehrsmittel ; Wettbewerb ; Luftverkehr ; Wettbewerb ; Hochgeschwindigkeitszug
    Kurzfassung: Comment réglementer les aéroports de façon à limiter leur pouvoir de marché ? Ce rapport part du principe que la question préalable à se poser est de savoir s’il est indiqué de réglementer. La réglementation étant imparfaite et coûteuse, les pouvoirs publics devraient chaque fois que c’est possible établir les conditions propices au développement de la concurrence entre aéroports en lieu et place d’une réglementation détaillée. Lorsque la réglementation économique se justifie, par exemple pour des aéroports très encombrés, le rapport examine les différentes approches réglementaires possibles pour déterminer celle qui est, en définitive, la plus adaptée. Il évalue aussi les stratégies de gestion des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. En intégrant l’aviation aux systèmes ouverts d’échange de droits d’émission, on pourrait réduire efficacement les émissions, mais on ne saurait en attendre des réductions importantes des émissions de CO2 dans le transport aérien proprement dit. Enfin, le rapport recense les conditions économiques dans lesquelles le train à grande vitesse peut devenir un substitut concurrentiel de l’avion. Cependant il conclut que le rail offre seulement des possibilités limitées en matière de réduction des ; émissions de gaz à effet de serre sur la partie correspondante du marché des transports.
    Anmerkung: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Competitive interaction between airports, airlines and high-speed rail
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102480-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Top of the Class : High Performers in Science in PISA 2006 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060777
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Serie: PISA
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Top of the class
    DDC: 371.262
    RVK:
    DO 1250
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; PISA-Studie ; OECD ; Naturwissenschaften ; Unterricht ; Qualität
    Kurzfassung: The rapidly growing demand for highly skilled workers has led to a global competition for talent. While basic competencies are important for the absorption of new technologies, high-level skills are critical for the creation of new knowledge, technologies and innovation. The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has taken an innovative approach to examining educational excellence, by directly assessing students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes and exploring how these relate to the characteristics of individual students, schools and education systems. Based on PISA survey results, this report examines who the highest performing students are, what the characteristics of the schools they attend are, to what extent they engage in science related activities outside of school, what their motivations and attitudes towards science are, and what their career intentions are.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060777-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Flexible Policy for More and Better Jobs (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059528
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (189 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Flexible policy for more and better jobs
    RVK:
    QV 200
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Kurzfassung: In today’s economic context, governments are required to take centre stage, helping workers to compete in the global market whilst also supporting employers so that they may retain jobs, increase productivity and offer better-quality employment at the local level. This book provides a new indicator for benchmarking labour-market policy, reviewing the flexibility available in its management throughout OECD countries. The research offers new evidence of the link between flexibility and employment outcomes. Concrete examples of how localities can harness greater flexibility to generate better economic and social outcomes are provided. The new style of management recommended in this book will be key to any national strategy for returning economies to prosperity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059528-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Green at Fifteen? : How 15-Year-Olds Perform in Environmental Science and Geoscience in PISA 2006 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063600
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Serie: PISA
    RVK:
    DO 1250
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; OECD ; PISA-Studie
    Kurzfassung: The OECD’s PISA 2006 assessment of the science competencies of 15-year-olds offers the first comprehensive and internationally comparative knowledge base of students’ knowledge about the environment and environment-related issues. Green at Fifteen? presents an analysis of this knowledge base, including information on the sources of students’ awareness of environmental science, their attitudes towards the environment and how these attitudes interrelate with their performance in environmental science.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063600-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Aid Effectiveness : A Progress Report on Implementing the Paris Declaration (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050877
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Serie: Better Aid
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Efficacité de l'aide ; Rapport d'étape sur la mise en oeuvre de la Déclaration de Paris
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Aid effectiveness
    RVK:
    QM 353
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsstrategie ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Internationale Kooperation ; Effektivität ; Development ; OECD ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Effizienz
    Kurzfassung: The 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness defines the principles and commitments by which donors and developing countries intend to ensure that aid is as effective as possible in contributing to the Millennium Development Goals and other internationally agreed development objectives. This report is a mid-term review of progress towards these commitments, drawing on the 2008 Paris Declaration Monitoring Survey and the Evaluation Synthesis Report among many other sources. Part I highlights the main actionable lessons and messages emerging from the analysis of progress to date. Part II covers the commitments under the five Partnership Principles related to ownership, alignment, harmonisation, development results and mutual accountability, together with four subjects of critical relevance: sector perspectives, the role of civil society organisations, situations of fragility and conflict, and the changing aid architecture.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050877-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Ensuring Environmental Compliance : Trends and Good Practices (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059597
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Faire respecter les normes environnementales ; Tendances et bonnes pratiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Ensuring Environmental Compliance; Trends and Good Practices (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ensuring environmental compliance
    DDC: 363.7/0526
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation ; Information ; Kommunikation ; Implementation ; Effektivität ; Environment ; Governance ; Umweltpolitik
    Kurzfassung: Despite progress in recent years, there is growing evidence that OECD countries are not on track to reach some of their key environmental goals. This report examines the strategies and instruments that governments use to ensure compliance with pollution prevention and control regulations, particularly in the industrial sector. It compares the compliance assurance systems of six OECD countries – Finland, France, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States – as well as those of China and Russia. The report provides policy makers, environmental regulators, and other stakeholders with a comprehensive analysis of the design, management aspects, and the main elements of government compliance and enforcement programmes. Focusing on compliance promotion, compliance monitoring, and non-compliance response, it identifies and compares good practices, sets them in context of different countries’ regulatory cultures and highlights the key international trends.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059597-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Managing Aid : Practices of DAC Member Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062689
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Better Aid
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La gestion de l'aide ; Pratiques des pays membres du CAD
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Thioléron, Elisabeth Managing aid
    RVK:
    QM 353
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; OECD ; OECD Development Assistance Committee ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Kurzfassung: Development co-operation donors are held accountable for the way they manage aid and the development results they achieve. They want to see more partner country ownership, greater use of partner country systems, and work better together. This involves decentralising responsibility, concentrating efforts, managing for results, creating new systems, changing staff profiles, and building capacity in donor and partner countries. This book outlines what individual donors are doing to fulfil their development co-operation ambitions and their part of the international agreements – reached in Paris in 2005 (Paris Declaration) and Accra in 2008 (Accra Agenda for Action) – to make aid more effective.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264062689-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056527
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE pour renforcer l'intégrité dans les marchés publics
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. OECD OECD principles for integrity in public procurement
    DDC: 352.5/3
    RVK:
    QL 300
    Schlagwort(e): Government purchasing ; Governance ; OECD ; Integrität ; Öffentliche Beschaffung
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement are a ground-breaking instrument that promotes good governance in the entire procurement cycle, from needs assessment to contract management. Based on acknowledged good practices in OECD and non-member countries, they represent a significant step forward. They provide guidance for the implementation of international legal instruments developed within the framework of the OECD, as well as other organisations such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organisation and the European Union. In addition to the Principles, this exhaustive publication includes a Checklist for implementing the framework throughout the entire public procurement cycle. It also gives a comprehensive map of risks that can help auditors prevent as well as detect fraud and corruption. Finally, it features a useful case study on Morocco, where a pilot application of the Principles was carried out. “The Checklist will help governments and agencies to develop more transparent, efficient procurement systems” -Nicolas Raigorodsky, Under-secretary of Transparency Policies, Anticorruption Office, Argentina “Public procurement is one of the most important public governance issues. Action is needed to ensure integrity by reducing bribery and corruption” -Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD “The general thrust and content of the document is commendable. Much of it tracks very closely to the United Nations Convention Against Corruption and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law” -Stuart Gilman, Head of the UN Global Programme Against Corruption and the Anticorruption Unit, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
    Anmerkung: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Principles de l'OECD pour renforcer l'intégrité dans les marchés publics
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056527-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Réduction de la capacité de pêche : Bonnes pratiques en matière de plans de sortie de flotte (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059658
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Reducing Fishing Capacity; Best Practices for Decommissioning Schemes
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Reducing Fishing Capacity: Best Practices for Decommissioning Schemes
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Fischereipolitik ; Fischerei ; Fischbestand ; Kapazitätsmanagement
    Kurzfassung: Trop de bateaux de pêches à la poursuite de poissons devenus trop rares, c’est là le problème auquel sont confrontés de manière persistante de nombreux pays. Pour corriger ce déséquilibre les états ont souvent recours à des programmes de sortie de flotte afin d’adapter la capacité de pêche aux ressources halieutiques. Ce rapport propose les meilleurs moyens de concevoir et de mettre en œuvre ces plans de sortie de flotte. S’inspirant d’études de cas réalisées par les pays de l’OCDE et les pays tiers, il soumet aux gouvernants et aux gestionnaires des pêcheries une analyse détaillée des considérations économiques associés à ces plans.
    Anmerkung: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Reducing fishing capacity : best practices for decommissioning schemes
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059658-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Zéro tué sur la route : Un système sûr, des objectifs ambitieux (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101988
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Towards Zero; Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Towards Zero; Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach (Russian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Towards Zero: Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Towards Zero: Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach (Russian version)
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Politik
    Kurzfassung: Chaque année, environ 1.2 million de personnes dans le monde sont tuées sur les routes et 50 millions sont blessées. Mais les accidents ne sont pas une fatalité. Beaucoup peut être fait pour réduire les immenses souffrances qu’ils entraînent ainsi que leurs conséquences économiques. Ce rapport fait le point sur les évolutions et les initiatives récentes pour atteindre des objectifs de sécurité routière de plus en plus ambitieux. Il constitue un examen majeur au niveau international de l’approche pour un « système sûr », qui a déjà été adoptée par quelques pays.
    Anmerkung: Literaturangaben , Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Towards zero : ambitious road safety targets and the safe system approach
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101988-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Reducing Fishing Capacity : Best Practices for Decommissioning Schemes (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044418
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Réduction de la capacité de pêche ; Bonnes pratiques en matière de plans de sortie de flotte
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Cox, Anthony Reducing fishing capacity
    RVK:
    QT 500
    Schlagwort(e): Fischereipolitik ; Produktionskapazität ; Fischschutz ; Fish populations ; Fisheries Economic aspects ; Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Fishes Conservation ; Agriculture and Food ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Fischereipolitik ; Fischerei ; Fischbestand ; Kapazitätsmanagement
    Kurzfassung: Too many fishing vessels chasing too few fish is a persistent problem in many countries. To address this, governments often turn to vessel decommissioning schemes as a means of adjusting fishing capacity to match available fish resources. This report presents a set of best practice guidelines on the design and implementation of decommissioning schemes. By drawing on case studies of decommissioning schemes from OECD and non-OECD countries, it provides policy makers and fisheries managers with detailed analysis of the economic issues surrounding decommissioning schemes.
    Anmerkung: Literaturverz. S. 111 - 116 , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Réduction de la capacité de pêche
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044418-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Concurrence entre les ports et les liaisons terrestres avec l'arrière-pays (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102299
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Serie: Tables rondes FIT no.143
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Port Competition and Hinterland Connections
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Konferenzschrift ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Hinterland
    Kurzfassung: Cette publication de la série Tables Rondes examine les défis stratégiques et réglementaires que pose l’évolution rapide de l’environnement portuaire. L’innovation technologique et organisationnelle, ainsi qu’une très forte expansion des échanges, ont en effet radicalement transformé le secteur portuaire au cours des dernières décennies. Bien que les ports desservent aujourd’hui des arrière-pays qui s’étendent profondément à l’intérieur des continents, la concurrence interportuaire ne cesse de s’intensifier, affaiblissant le pouvoir de négociation des ports dans la chaîne logistique. L’accroissement du débit portuaire se heurte à une résistance de plus en plus forte des collectivités locales en raison de la pollution et de la congestion qu’il entraîne. La réglementation locale est justifiée, mais sa mise en œuvre est compliquée par la répartition du pouvoir de négociation entre les parties prenantes. Des autorités d’un niveau plus élevé seraient en mesure de formuler des politiques plus efficaces.
    Anmerkung: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Port competition and hinterland connections
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102299-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    International Migration : The Human Face of Globalisation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107113 , 9789264055780
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Insights
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les migrations internationales ; Le visage humain de la mondialisation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration; Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Keeley, Brian International migration
    RVK:
    MS 1560
    RVK:
    MS 3600
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Welt ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Internationale Migration ; Geschichte ; Globalisierung ; Bedeutung ; Rolle ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Einwanderer ; Überweisung ; Braindrain ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Sozialer Indikator ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Globalisierung
    Kurzfassung: About 190 million people around the world live outside their country of birth. These migrants bring energy, entrepreneurship and fresh ideas to our societies. But there are downsides: young migrants who fail in education, adults who don’t find work and, of course, unregulated migration. Such challenges can make migration a political lightning rod and a topic for angry debate. Drawing on the unique expertise of the OECD,this book moves beyond rhetoric to look at the realities of international migration today: Where do migrants come from and where do they go? How do governments manage migration? How well do migrants perform in education and in the workforce? And does migration help – or hinder – developing countries?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055780-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
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    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Managing Risk in Agriculture : A Holistic Approach (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075313
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Gestion des risques dans l'agriculture ; Une approche holistique
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Managing risk in agriculture
    RVK:
    ZB 91200
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Landwirtschaft ; Risikomanagement ; Strategisches Management ; Agrarpolitik ; Konzeption
    Kurzfassung: The sources of risk in agriculture are numerous and diverse, ranging from events related to climate and weather conditions to animal diseases; from changes in agriculture commodities prices to changes in fertilizer and other input prices; and from financial uncertainties to policy and regulatory risks. Agricultural risks are not independent, but rather are linked both to each other and as part of a system that includes all available instruments, strategies and policies designed to manage risk. A holistic approach is thus necessary. This book examines the current magnitude and characteristics of risk-related policies in agriculture and what is known about the quantitative size of agricultural risks. It looks at the on-farm, off-farm, and market instruments available to manage risk, and it explains how the holistic approach helps clarify the role of governments.
    Anmerkung: Franz. Ausg. u. d. T.: Gestion des risques dans l'agriculture : une approache holistique
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075313-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Governing Regional Development Policy : The Use of Performance Indicators (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056299
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Conduire les politiques de développement régional ; Les indicateurs de performance
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Governing regional development policy
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Schlagwort(e): Regionalpolitik ; Regional planning ; Regional planning Case studies ; Regional economics ; Regional economics Case studies ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Regionalpolitik ; Anreizsystem ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Kurzfassung: This report examines both the challenges and the opportunities associated with designing and using indicator systems as a tool for the governance of regional development policy. It draws on the experiences of a number of OECD countries and provides an in-depth look at the cases of Italy, the United Kingdom (England), the United States and the European Union. It builds on previous OECD work on the governance of regional development policy by extending lessons about contractual relations among levels of government to performance indicator systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056299-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Managing Water for All : An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059498
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Studies on Water
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. De l'eau pour tous ; Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la tarification et le financement
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. OECD Managing water for all
    DDC: 338.4/336361
    RVK:
    QT 600
    Schlagwort(e): Wasser ; Wasserversorgung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environmental impact charges / OECD countries / Statistics ; Water quality management / OECD countries / Finance ; Environment ; OECD ; Wasser ; Wasserversorgung ; Finanzierung
    Kurzfassung: Water is a key prerequisite for human and economic development, and for maintaining ecosystems. However, billions of people lack access to water and sanitation services, mainly due to poor governance and inadequate investment and maintenance. This report, which emphasises the economic and financial aspects of water resources management and water service provision, the need for an integrated approach (including governance considerations) to address these complex policy challenges, and the importance of establishing a firm evidence base to support policy development and implementation, summarises the results of OECD work in this area.
    Anmerkung: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: De l'eau pour tous
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059498-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Innovation and Growth : Chasing a Moving Frontier (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073975
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (266 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Innovation and growth
    RVK:
    QR 000
    Schlagwort(e): Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Forschung ; Entwicklung ; Innovation ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Entwicklungsländer ; Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Kurzfassung: Innovation is crucial to long-term economic growth, even more so in the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis. In this volume, the OECD and the World Bank jointly take stock of how globalisation is posing new challenges for innovation and growth in both developed and developing countries, and how countries are coping with them. The authors discuss options for policy initiatives that can foster technological innovation in the pursuit of faster and sustainable growth. The various chapters highlight how the emergence of an integrated global market affects the impact of national innovation policy. What seemed like effective innovation strategies (e.g. policies designed to strengthen the R&D capacity of domestic firms) are no longer sufficient for effective catch-up. The more open and global nature of innovation makes innovation policies more difficult to design and implement at the national scale alone. These challenges are further complicated by new phenomena, such as global value chains and the fragmentation of production, the growing role of global corporations, and the ICT revolution. Where and why a global corporation chooses to anchor its production affects the playing field for OECD and developing economies alike. Selected as a 2009 Notable Document by the American Library Association Government Documents Round Table.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073975-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Competitive Interaction between Airports, Airlines and High-Speed Rail (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102466
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.145
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Concurrence et interactions entre aéroports, services de transports aériens et ferroviaires
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: How should airports be regulated to contain market power? This round table proceedings first examines whether they need to be regulated at all. It concludes that because regulation is inevitably imperfect and costly, policy makers should establish conditions for competition to emerge between airports in preference to comprehensive regulation, whenever possible. Economic regulation is sometimes necessary, such as when airports are heavily congested. The proceedings determines which approaches are likely to work best and also assesses strategies for managing greenhouse gas emissions. It finds that although including aviation in an open emission trading scheme could help mitigate emissions efficiently across the economy, it should not be expected to produce major cuts in CO2-emissions in aviation itself. Finally the proceedings identifies the economic conditions under which high-speed rail can provide a competitive substitute for aviation, revealing the limited relevance of rail to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from this part of the transport market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102466-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Transport Energy and CO2 : Moving towards Sustainability (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073173
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Transport, energy and CO 2
    DDC: 628.5/32
    RVK:
    AR 27700
    Schlagwort(e): Verkehr ; Kraftstoff ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Energy ; OECD ; Verkehrspolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Kurzfassung: Car ownership is set to triple by 2050, trucking activity will double and air travel could increase fourfold. This book examines how to enable mobility without accelerating climate change. It finds that if we change the way we travel, adopt technologies to improve vehicle efficiency and shift to low-CO2 fuels, we can move onto a different pathway where transport CO2 emissions by 2050 are far below current levels, at costs that are lower than many assume. The report discusses the prospects for shifting more travel to the most efficient modes and reducing travel growth rates, improving vehicle fuel efficiency by up to 50% using cost-effective, incremental technologies, and moving toward electricity, hydrogen, and advanced biofuels to achieve a more secure and sustainable transport future. If governments implement strong policies to achieve this scenario, transport can play its role and dramatically reduce CO2 emissions by 2050.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073173-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Future of International Migration to OECD Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264064126
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    DDC: 304.82
    RVK:
    MS 1560
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Prognose 2008-2030 ; Gesellschaft ; Migration ; Internationale Migration ; Pays de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques - Émigration et immigration - Aspect social ; Pays de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques - Émigration et immigration - Aspect économique ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Social aspects ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Prognose 2008-2030
    Kurzfassung: This book explores the social, economic and environmental forces that may combine to attract migrants of various types and backgrounds to OECD countries, as well as those that may persuade migrants to leave their countries or to stay at home. By analyzing different pull and push factors and constructing five different scenarios of migration in the future, this volume casts light on major determinants of global migration flows, which OECD countries will look particularly attractive for migrants, where the pressures to migrate be especially strong and what kind of migration-related issues will policy makers likely be facing as 2030 approaches.--Publisher's description.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264064126-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Financing of Nuclear Power Plants (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079229
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Serie: Nuclear Development
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le financement des centrales nucléaires
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The financing of nuclear power plants
    Schlagwort(e): Kernkraftwerk ; Finanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; OECD ; Kernkraftwerk ; Finanzierung
    Kurzfassung: Many countries have recognised that greater use of nuclear power could play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. However, given the high capital cost and complexity of nuclear power plants, financing their construction often remains a challenge. This is especially true where such financing is left to the private sector in the context of competitive electricity markets. This study examines the financial risks involved in investing in a new nuclear power plant, how these can be mitigated, and how projects can be structured so that residual risks are taken by those best able to manage them. Given that expansion of nuclear power programmes will require strong and sustained government support, the study highlights the role of governments in facilitating and encouraging investment in new nuclear generating capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079229-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Internet Access for Development (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056312
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Serie: The Development Dimension
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Internet access for development
    RVK:
    QR 760
    Schlagwort(e): Informationstechnik ; Internet ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Entwicklungsländer ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Internet ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Kohärenz ; OECD ; Telekommunikationsmarkt ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Kurzfassung: The Internet has been remarkably successful in developing greater opportunities for communication access - and economic growth and social development - for the first billion users. The majority of the next several billion users will be mainly from developing countries and will connect to the Internet principally via wireless networks. But there are substantial discrepancies in access to ICTs between developed and developing countries and also within countries, depending on factors such as gender, rural coverage, skills and educational levels. This book examines how the market for internet traffic exchange has evolved and explores the coherence of policies pursued by developed and developing countries. It notes the increasing innovation occurring in a number of developing countries with competitive markets and discusses how liberalisation has helped to expand of access networks and make ICT services increasingly affordable and available to the poor. The report also highlights the employment, micro-entrepreneurial and social development opportunities which have emerged as access levels have risen among low-income users. The study notes that gateway service monopolies - still in 70 countries - raise the prices for accessing international capacity and reduce the affordability of Internet access to business and end users.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056312-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Port Competition and Hinterland Connections (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102251
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.143
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Concurrence entre les ports et les liaisons terrestres avec l'arrière-pays
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This Round Table publication discusses the policy and regulatory challenges posed by the rapidly changing port environment. The sector has changed tremendously in recent decades with technological and organisational innovation and a powerful expansion of trade. Although ports serve hinterlands that now run deep into continents, competition among ports is increasingly intense and their bargaining power in the supply chain has consequently weakened. Greater port throughput is meeting with increasing resistance from local communities because of pollution and congestion. In addition, local regulation is warranted but made difficult by the distribution of bargaining power among stakeholders. Higher-level authorities could develop more effective policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102251-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Building Transparent Tax Compliance by Banks (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067851
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Building transparent tax compliance by banks
    RVK:
    QL 410
    Schlagwort(e): Steuermoral ; Bank ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; OECD ; Steuerplanung ; Kreditwesen ; Governance ; Steuervermeidung ; Bank ; Risikomanagement
    Kurzfassung: This book analyses the role banks play in the provision of aggressive tax planning arrangements. It examines the nature of banking, the complex structured financing transactions developed by banks and how they are then used by both banks and their clients. It also explores the internal governance processes that banks use to manage tax risk and the prevention, detection and response strategies applied by different revenue bodies in responding to the challenges that banks pose. The book makes a number of recommendations for revenue bodies and identifies best practices for consideration by banks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067851-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 38
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    Online-Ressource
    Taxation of SMEs : Key Issues and Policy Considerations (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024748
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (147 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.18
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Taxation of SMEs
    RVK:
    QL 641
    RVK:
    PP 8080
    Schlagwort(e): KMU ; Unternehmensbesteuerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Steuerrecht ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; OECD
    Kurzfassung: This report covers a broad range of SME taxation issues, including possible effects of taxation on the creation and growth of SMEs, and considerations arising from a relatively high compliance burden. Differing income tax and social security contribution burdens of unincorporated and incorporated SMEs are considered in detail, with analysis of average statutory tax rates carried out to investigate possible tax distortions to business creation and business structure decisions of a single worker/owner of an SME. Various arguments are presented for and against the targeting of tax incentives at SMEs. Country examples of SME tax incentives and compliance cost reduction measures are provided in the report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024748-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Doing Better for Children (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059344
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Doing better for children
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Assurer le bien-être des enfants
    DDC: 305.23091722
    RVK:
    DV 3000
    Schlagwort(e): Kinder ; OECD-Staaten ; Electronic books ; Graue Literatur ; Electronic books ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Kind
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059344-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 40
    Online-Ressource
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    Higher Education to 2030, Volume 2, Globalisation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075375
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (356 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Educational Research and Innovation
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'enseignement supérieur à l'horizon 2030 -- Volume 2 ; Mondialisation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Higher education to 2030 ; Vol. 2: Globalisation
    DDC: 378.00112
    RVK:
    AL 19900
    RVK:
    AL 43900
    RVK:
    QX 850
    Schlagwort(e): Hochschule ; Globalisierung ; Studium ; Auslandsaufenthalt ; Forschungskooperation ; Hochschulpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Hochschule ; Globalisierung ; Studium ; Auslandsaufenthalt ; OECD
    Kurzfassung: Growing flows of knowledge, people and financing cross national borders and feed both worldwide collaboration and competition. These effects of globalisation increasingly impact higher education. How then might the future higher education scene look at the global level? What are the challenges and opportunities brought by globalisation? How can countries and institutions best cope with and benefit from future changes? Through both quantitative and qualitative analysis, this book provides a comprehensive and structured look at these essential questions. It explores the topic of cross-border higher education in terms of student, faculty and institutional mobility, providing a specific focus on academic research. Other issues addressed include higher education provision, financing, governance and quality assurance, with an emphasis on the use of market-like mechanisms. The book covers most OECD countries as well as many non-OECD countries and offers the reader specific reflections on China, India and European co-operation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075375-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 41
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    Intermodal Transport : National Peer Review: Turkey (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102237
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Turkey
    Kurzfassung: Turkey’s continuing economic expansion depends on the diversification of its transport modes and especially on the development of efficient multimodal services. Its role as a hub for Europe, Asia, and the Middle East and as a facilitator of global exchange will be enhanced with a strategy and measures to support a range of intermodal logistic and transport services. This work analyses the current situation and sets forth some of the actions and policies needed to stimulate the development of a truly multimodal transport system.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102237-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    More than just jobs : workforce development in a skills-based economy (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043282
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. More than just jobs
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als More than just jobs
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Australien ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; USA ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043282-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
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    Public-private partnerships : in pursuit of risk sharing and value for money (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264046739 , 9264042792
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Public-private partnerships
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Les partenariats public-privé
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les partenariats public-privé : Partager les risques et optimiser les ressources
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Public-private partnerships
    DDC: 658.4058
    RVK:
    QR 420
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Public Private Partnership ; OECD
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046733-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
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    How Should Transport Emissions Be Reduced? : Potential for Emission Trading Systems (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/01
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: In developed countries, transport generates approximately 25 to 30 per cent of emissions of CO2, the main greenhouse gas (GHG) and these emissions are increasing sharply. There are two explanations for the increase in emissions from transport: the first is dependency on the internal combustion engine for transport with no wide-scale economically viable alternative available in the medium term; the second is the sharp increase in vehicle-kilometres travelled, which seems to be an inherent feature of economic development. One might well ask, given announcements that oil reserves will run out rapidly, whether we should not simply wait until reserves dry up to obtain a reduction in transport-related emissions. This said, rising oil prices are gradually making it more viable to exploit unconventional reserves, leaving aside innovations in technology which are reportedly opening up prospects for new fossil fuels (including fuels derived from coal, which is in plentiful supply world-wide). Hence, there is every reason to believe that the use of fossil fuels could continue on a large scale in the future. Foresight studies show that if our aim is to achieve ambitious GHG emission control targets for transport within the next few decades, the policies we implement will have to be more determined: among other things, they should aim at reducing total consumption that is to say vehicle kilometres travelled, not just unitary vehicle consumption (cf. ENERDATA and LEPII, 2005 for France, for instance). Among the measures identified, carbon taxes and vehicle taxes are the most cost-effective (OECD, 2007; Parry et al., 2007). However, the “fuel tax protests” of September 2000 in several European countries show that public opinion is very resistant to fuel tax increases (Lyons and Chatterjee, 2002). This resistance can also be explained by concerns about fairness, since many households depend on the car for day-to-day living and for getting to work. As well as this, fuel tax increases would require the international harmonization of fuel taxation in different countries, which seeing what has happened in the European Union appears to be extremely difficult.
    DOI: 10.1787/235614780005
    URL: Volltext
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Impact of Hinterland Access Conditions on Rivalry between Ports (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/08
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the interaction between hinterland access conditions and port competition. Competition between ports is treated as competition between alternate intermodal transportation chains, while the hinterland access conditions are represented by both the corridor facilities and the inland roads. We find that when ports compete in quantities, an increase in corridor capacity will increase own port’s output, reduce the rival port’s output, and increase own port’s profit. On the other hand, an increase in inland road capacity may or may not increase own port’s output and profit, owing to various offsetting effects. Essentially, while more road capacity reduces local delays and moderates the negative impact of own output expansion, it induces greater local commuter traffic and may moderate the reduction by local commuter traffic in response to a rise in cargo traffic, both of which reduces own output and profit. Similarly, inland road pricing may or may not increase own port’s output and profit. Finally, case examples for selected ports and regions are discussed.
    DOI: 10.1787/235411150338
    URL: Volltext
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  • 46
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    Investissements en infrastructures de transport et productivité de l'économie (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101278
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (123 p.)
    Serie: Tables Rondes CEMT no.132
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transport Infrastructure Investment and Economic Productivity
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Cette Table Ronde fait partie d’une série de manifestations scientifiques organisées pour réfléchir aux instruments qui permettent d’améliorer la planification des transports. En abordant les effets macroéconomiques des politiques d’infrastructures de transport, elle visait à dresser un inventaire des outils analytiques et empiriques qui servent à déterminer le volume global des dépenses publiques à engager dans l’investissement en infrastructures de transport. Les documents de référence ont été fournis par MM. David Canning (Université de Harvard), Charles Hulten (Université du Maryland) et Andreas Kopp (Centre conjoint OCDE-CEMT de recherche sur le transports).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101278-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 47
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    Bénéfices économiques élargis du secteur des transports : Instruments d'investissement et d'évaluation macro-, méso- et micro-économiques (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101865
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Serie: Tables rondes FIT no.140
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Wider Economic Benefits of Transport; Macro-, Meso- and Micro-Economic Transport Planning and Investment Tools
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: L’analyse coûts-avantages classique des projets d’investissement dans les infrastructures de transport consiste à mettre en balance les coûts des projets avec les avantages que l’on peut en escompter pour l’usager. Cette démarche a été remise en question au motif qu’elle ne tient pas compte des effets économiques plus larges de ces projets. À l’occasion de cette Table Ronde, d’éminents universitaires et professionnels ont échangé leurs vues sur la question et ont examiné diverses méthodes possibles pour évaluer les effets plus larges – négatifs comme positifs. Ils sont ainsi parvenus à la conclusion que pour les projets de petite envergure, il est préférable de privilégier l’obtention de résultats dans les délais voulus, même s’il faut pour cela renoncer à une analyse plus poussée des effets plus larges des projets. En revanche, s’agissant de projets ou de programmes d’investissement de plus grande ampleur, une analyse spécifique de leurs effets plus larges se justifie davantage. L’élaboration de procédures d’évaluation uniformes doit être un domaine de recherche prioritaire.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101865-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 48
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    Costs of Inaction on Key Environmental Challenges (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264045828
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Coûts de l'inaction sur des défis environnementaux importants
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltpolitik ; Soziale Kosten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Regulierung ; Aufwendung ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Environment ; Umweltschaden ; Kosten ; Umweltpolitik
    Kurzfassung: Countries today face numerous environmental policy challenges, such as climate change, air and water pollution, natural-resource management, natural disasters and environment-related hazards. The costs of not responding to them can be considerable, in some cases representing a significant drag on OECD economies. Estimation of these costs can be an important part of identifying areas in which policy interventions are required, as well as of establishing priorities for future action. There is, however, considerable uncertainty associated with all stages of “costing” the impacts of environmental and resource degradation. Even when the costs of inaction are deemed important, identifying the areas where environmental policies need to be strengthened still requires careful comparison between the marginal costs of inaction versus action. This report provides introductory perspectives on the costs of inaction and discusses some of the future problems likely to be encountered in this very complex area.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264045828-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 49
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    Public-Private Partnerships : In Pursuit of Risk Sharing and Value for Money (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264046733
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les partenariats public-privé ; Partager les risques et optimiser les ressources
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Public-private partnerships
    DDC: 658.4058
    RVK:
    QR 420
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Public Private Partnership ; OECD
    Kurzfassung: The debate about how to achieve value for money in the delivery of government services is ongoing. Increasingly, public services are being produced, procured and delivered to citizens by public-private partnerships. This book highlights ten good practices, summarising what countries should consider before entering into public-private partnerships (PPPs). These include affordability, value for money, budget scoring and accounting treatment, dealing with liabilities (contingent or explicit), and regulatory and institutional governance issues. The book also discusses the important questions of risk – both financial and political – and of how to measure the performance of a public-private partnership to ensure its continued value to society. Drawing upon country examples within and outside the OECD area, this book will help governments and the public to come to grips with this complex mechanism and its impact on public finances as well as on the definition of the boundaries between the state and the market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046733-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 50
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    Promoting Energy Efficiency Investments : Case Studies in the Residential Sector (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042155
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Promoting energy efficiency investments
    RVK:
    QR 530
    RVK:
    QY 500
    Schlagwort(e): Energieeinsparung ; Energiesparendes Bauen ; Welt ; Energiepolitik ; Gebäude ; Effektivität ; Förderung ; Unterstützung ; Energy ; Erde ; OECD ; Wohnungsbauförderung ; Energieeinsparung
    Kurzfassung: Existing buildings are responsible for over 40% of the world’s total primary energy consumption. An impressive amount of energy could be saved simply by applying energy-efficient technologies. Yet, various market barriers inhibit energy efficiency improvements in existing buildings and result in energy savings that are significantly lower than potentials. This publication provides illustrations of policies and measures implemented in five IEA member countries and the European Union. Each case includes relevant background and contextual information, as well as a detailed evaluation of each policy according to five pre-defined criteria: relevance, effectiveness, flexibility, clarity and sustainability.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042155-en
    URL: Volltext
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    Online-Ressource
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    Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) : Electricité, eau et transports : quelles politiques ? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031340
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (586 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2); Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2): Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: Les réseaux d’infrastructure jouent un rôle vital dans le développement économique et social. La demande d’infrastructures est appelée à sensiblement augmenter dans les décennies à venir, sous l’impulsion de facteurs majeurs de changement comme la croissance économique mondiale, le progrès technologique, le changement climatique, l’urbanisation et l’aggravation de la congestion. Les défis à relever sont multiples. Dans les pays de l’OCDE, de nombreux éléments de réseaux d’infrastructure connaissent un vieillissement rapide, les budgets publics sont de plus en plus serrés et le financement de l’infrastructure devient de plus en plus complexe. Cette publication évalue la viabilité future des modèles économiques actuels dans cinq secteurs infrastructurels : électricité, eau, transport ferroviaire de marchandises, transports collectifs urbains et transport routier. Elle propose des recommandations pratiques visant à renforcer les capacités afin de répondre aux besoins futurs d’infrastructures, notamment des mesures qui pourraient être prises par les gouvernements tant collectivement qu’individuellement pour mettre en place des cadres institutionnels, politiques et réglementaires plus favorables.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031340-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 52
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    OECD Framework for the Evaluation of SME and Entrepreneurship Policies and Programmes (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040090
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (122 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD framework for the evaluation of SME and entrepreneurship policies and programmes
    RVK:
    QR 380
    Schlagwort(e): KMU ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Gewerbepolitik
    Kurzfassung: This Framework provides policy makers with a practical and accessible guide to best practice evaluation methods for SME and entrepreneurship policies and programmes. It uses case studies from a wide range of OECD countries to examine the benefits of evaluation and how best to address common issues that arise when commissioning and undertaking SME and entrepreneurship evaluations. Key evaluation principles are set out, including the ‘Six Steps to Heaven’ approach. These principles are illustrated with examples of evaluations of national, regional and local programmes that can be explored further by the reader. The publication focuses not only on the evaluation of individual policies and programmes, but also on peer review evaluations and assessment of the impact of SMEs and entrepreneurship of mainstream programmes that do not have business development as their principal aim. This book complements other existing guidelines, as it focusses particularly on problem situations and exceptions to the general rules.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040090-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 53
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    The Relationship between Seaports and the Inter-Modal Hinterland in Light of Global Supply Chains (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/10
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: The seaport-hinterland interaction plays an increasingly important role in shaping supply chain solutions of shippers and logistics service providers. Scarcity concerns combined with concerns over the reliability of transport solutions have led seaports and hinterland corridors to take up a more active role in supply chains. This contribution looks at port developments and logistics dynamics in Europe and proposes some steps towards a further integration between seaports and the hinterland. The key point put forward in this paper is that the competitive battle among ports will increasingly be fought ashore. Hinterland connections are thus a key area for competition and coordination among actors. The paper approaches port-hinterland dynamics from the perspective of the various market players involved, including port authorities, shipping lines, terminal operators, transport operators (rail, barge, road and short sea) and logistics service providers. The paper will address the impact of horizontal and vertical relations in supply chains on the structure of these chains and on the relationships between seaports and the intermodal hinterland. Who takes or should take the lead in the further integration of ports and inland ports and what actions have been taken so far by the market players in this respect, will be examined. The incentives for market players to vertically or horizontally integrate will be analyzed against the backdrop of the nature of the market in which the various players operate.
    DOI: 10.1787/235371341338
    URL: Volltext
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  • 54
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    The Design of Effective Regulations of Transport (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/02
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This paper will trace the development of modern regulation of emissions, both local and global, from motor vehicles. To illuminate the principal themes of this story the focus will be on the experiences of the United States and Europe. Among those themes, three stand out, questions that sooner or later must be considered in the development of any environmental policy. First, the theme of federalism. In every country, governments are constituted at various levels of aggregation, from local to national. Which level of government is the most suitable for attacking a given public problem. If different levels of government can fairly claim to have a role in addressing the problem, how will the various responsibilities be assigned and coordinated? In order to develop an effective and efficient public policy, the governments must have both the right incentives and the capacity to do so. Finding the right level of government to address an environmental problem is a tradeoff between two competing considerations. The government’s jurisdiction must be large enough to “internalize the externalities,” as an economist would say. That is, if either the environmental evil or the policy remedy has effects that extend beyond its borders, then the policy-maker’s incentives will very likely be inappropriate. For example, policies to control emissions of stationary-source air pollutants may not be stringent enough if most of the effects of pollution are experienced in neighboring jurisdictions. At the same time, the level of government must be appropriate to the problem. Smaller, more local units of government are more likely to know the preferences of their citizens, yet less likely to have the expertise and experience to deal effectively with particular problems. The second pervasive theme here is the choice of policy instrument: the specific mechanisms used to achieve the environmental objective. It is common to pose two polar types: direct regulation and economic incentives (EI). Rather than commands or requirements, EI instruments provide penalties or rewards to encourage behavior that will improve environmental quality. Another way of putting the difference is this: With direct regulation, there is a bright line that determines whether behavior will be tolerated. With EI, the relationship between performance and consequences is continuous and gradual. There is no bright line, just steadily increasing rewards for better performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/235552611237
    URL: Volltext
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  • 55
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    17e Symposium International FIT/OCDE sur l'économie des transports et la politique : Tirer parti de la mondialisation : Contribution du secteur des transports et enjeux politiques (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101773
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (505 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. 17th International ITF/OECD Symposium on Transport Economics and Policy; Benefiting from Globalisation; Transport Sector Contribution and Policy Challenges
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Les entreprises et les personnes peuvent d’autant plus profiter de la mondialisation que les réseaux de transport sont efficaces et rentables. Un secteur des transports compétitif, réactif et bien organisé facilite les échanges. Mais pour créer les conditions qui rendent ceci possible, il faut relever un certain nombre de défis politiques. C’est ainsi que les transports pourront pleinement contribuer à la mondialisation. Tel était précisément la thématique principale du 17ème Symposium FIT/OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101773-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 56
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    More Than Just Jobs : Workforce Development in a Skills-Based Economy (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043282
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Serie: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als More than just jobs
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Australien ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Kurzfassung: "Job placement” has been the traditional goal of labour and employment policies, but this report argues otherwise. To stay competitive in a globalised economy, governments must also strive to enhance the skills of workers, increase their productivity and provide upward mobility to immigrants and the disadvantaged. This report provides valuable insights into how labour policies can be expanded to meet economic development and social cohesion goals, while also reconciling national and local concerns. Studies from seven OECD countries are presented (Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States), each analysing attempts to expand workforce development policies and bridge the gap between national and local initiatives. Included are various types of government/private sector partnerships in the United States, regional training in France and Australia’s efforts to customise policies to local needs. Based on the country studies, the report then makes specific recommendations and suggestions on how workforce development policies can be expanded and improved.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043282-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 57
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    Rationalité, aversion au risque et enjeu sociétal majeur : prép. pour la Table Ronde OCDE/FIT des 11-12 Décembre 2008 sur: La sécurité, la perception du risque et l'analyse coûts-bénéfices (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (25 S.) , graph. Darst. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Ausgabe: Révisé 9-12-08
    Serie: Document de référence / Centre Conjoint de Recherche sur les Transports 2008-21
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/21
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Certains domaines associés aux thèmes discutés ici échappent à mes compétences, comme par exemple l’évaluation des risques et des défauts de sûreté dans les transports. Ce qui m’a convaincu de l’importance de ce sujet, ce sont quelques conclusions très générales, je dirais volontiers quelques impressions que m’inspire depuis quelques années l’évolution très remarquable de nos pouvoirs d’analyse sur les processus de prise de décision en matière de risque. Le mot insécurité visera souvent ici la gestion des risques liés à des actes de malveillance intentionnelle... Les coûts de la sécurité prise en ce sens constituent aujourd’hui une composante de tout budget transport. Outre les coûts de prévention et de surveillance, les coûts de prévision, il faut aussi envisager désormais le coût des dommages potentiels liés à de tels actes. Les événements du 11 septembre 2001, qui ont accéléré cette évolution, doivent suffire à nous convaincre que les conséquences de tels dommages sont désormais commensurables avec les coûts des guerres.
    Anmerkung: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: De Palma, André: Rational behaviour, risk aversion : high stakes for society , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/228815645220
    URL: Volltext
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  • 58
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    The Airport Industry in a Competitive Environment : A United Kingdom Perspective (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/15
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: The paper provides an overview of UK airports from the perspective of a business enterprise. Its object is to show, through the medium of the UK industry, that effective competition between airports is possible and that a competitive industry can be financially viable. In the UK case viability is achieved at all levels of output, thus refuting the suggestion that high fixed costs are a significant barrier to positive returns, particularly for airports of limited output. This viable industry operates for the most part in the private sector of the economy and it has evolved without the imposition of a strategic plan. It is competition that has driven the dynamics of the industry, an industry that in its symbiotic relationship with the airline industry has been an economic success story helping to produce strong economic growth in the service sector of the UK economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/235251766646
    URL: Volltext
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  • 59
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    Das chaussées à longue durée de vie pour routes à forte circulation (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101629
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Long-Life Surfaces for Busy Roads
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Les revêtements à longue durée de vie peuvent diminuer les coûts d’entretien des réseaux routiers de manière significative, et ceci en y incluant les pertes de temps causées par ces travaux pour les usagers, notamment sur les routes encombrées à fort trafic. Ces revêtements ont recours à de nouveaux matériaux qui sont plus coûteux que l’asphalte et qui requièrent des traitements spécifiques. Ce rapport présente les résultats d’une recherche collective destinée à évaluer le potentiel technique et économique des revêtements à longue durée de vie les plus prometteurs et propose à l’intention des gouvernements une façon de peser les risques et avantages liés à l’introduction de tels revêtements sur les routes à fort trafic.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101629-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 60
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    Growing Unequal? : Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044197
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités ; Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mehr Ungleichheit trotz Wachstum?; Einkommensverteilung und Armut in OECD-Ländern
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités : Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mehr Ungleichheit trotz Wachstum?: Einkommensverteilung und Armut in OECD-Ländern
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Growing unequal?
    DDC: 339.2/2
    RVK:
    QX 040
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensverteilung ; Armut ; Sozialpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Einkommensverteilung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Armut
    Kurzfassung: Growing Unequal? brings together a range of analyses on the distribution of economic resources in OECD countries. The evidence on income distribution and poverty covers, for the first time, all 30 OECD countries in the mid-2000s, while information on trends extending back to the mid-1980s is provided for around two-thirds of the countries. The report also describes inequalities in a range of domains (such as household wealth, consumption patterns, in-kind public services) that are typically excluded from conventional discussion about the distribution of economic resources among individuals and households. The report provides evidence of a fairly generalised increase in income inequality over the past two decades across the OECD, but the timing, intensity and causes of the increase differ from what is typically suggested in the media. Precisely how much inequality there is in a society is not determined randomly, nor is it beyond the power of governments to change, so long as they take note of the sort of up-to-date evidence included in this report. This report includes StatLinks, URLs linking tables and graphs in the book to Excel® spreadsheets containing the data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044197-en
    URL: Volltext
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    Promoting energy efficiency investments (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264042148 , 9264042156
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Promoting energy efficiency investments
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Promoting energy efficiency investments
    RVK:
    QR 530
    RVK:
    QY 500
    Schlagwort(e): Energieeinsparung ; Energiesparendes Bauen ; Welt ; Energiepolitik ; Gebäude ; Effektivität ; Förderung ; Unterstützung ; Erde ; OECD ; Wohnungsbauförderung ; Energieeinsparung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042155-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 62
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    The internationalisation of business R&D : evidence, impacts and implications (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264044043 , 9264044051
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. The Internationalisation of Business R&D
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The internationalisation of business R&D
    RVK:
    QM 355
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Forschung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Auslandsinvestition ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Innovationsförderung ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Länder Forschung und Entwicklung ; Wissensbasierte Wirtschaft ; Innovationspolitik ; Internationalisierung ; Wirtschaftsunternehmen ; Globalisierung ; Multinationales Unternehmen Direktinvestition ; Aufstrebende Märkte ; Wertschöpfungskette ; Kosten/Aufwand ; Risiken ; Internationale wissenschaftlich-technische Kommunikation ; Internationale wissenschaftlich-technologische Zusammenarbeit ; Internationale Mobilität von Wissenschaftlern ; Konferenzschrift ; Unternehmen ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Offshoring ; Internationalisierung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044050-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 63
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    Importance du prix du pétrole dans le prix du transport de marchandises (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/04
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Oil is the main component of transport fuel. As for now, however, crude oil price (FOB-Free on board) accounts for less than a fifth of transport costs. Operating costs, wages and taxes cause the remaining four fifths. Nevertheless, oil scarcity may raise fuel costs to such a level that transport companies and citizen may suffer significant adverse impacts. A multiplication by 8 of the price of oil (compared to 2007) would double road transport cost. Yet, the rise would be global, which would enable operators to shift the cost to their clients without suffering changes in competition. Still, small operators that would not be in a position to optimize truck loads and routes would be threatened. Major oil price rise would mainly affect two aspects of mobility: aviation and private motoring. Air companies have added a special oil charge to ticket cost while changes in private motoring, which uses approximately as much fuel as air per passenger – kilometre, may lead to a situation where only the wealthiest citizens may keep driving.
    DOI: 10.1787/235522325515
    URL: Volltext
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  • 64
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    The Role of Accessibility in Passengers' Choice of Airports (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/14
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: 1.INTRODUCTION; 1.1. Growth of regional airports; 1.2. Implications for policy makers; 1.3. Objective of this paper; 2. DEFINITIONS OF ACCESSIBILITY 3. ACCESS MODE CHOICE 3.1. Observed access mode shares 3.2. Factors influencing access mode choice behaviour 3.3. Modelling access mode choice behaviour 4. AIRPORT CHOICE 4.1. Factors influencing airport choice behaviour 4.2. Modelling airport choice behaviour 5. CASE STUDY: THE EFFECTS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW RAIL MODES 5.1. Introduction 5.2. London Heathrow – Heathrow Express 5.3. London Gatwick – Gatwick Express 5.4. Oslo Gardermoen – Flytoget 5.5. Stockholm Arlanda – Arlanda Express 5.6. Conclusions 6. CASE STUDY: TICKET TAX IN THE NETHERLANDS 6.1. Introduction 6.2. AEOLUS model 6.3. Simulation of a ticket tax 6.4. Effects by segment 6.5. Final implementation 6.6. Conclusion 7. CONCLUSIONS 8. REFERENCES
    DOI: 10.1787/235278552305
    URL: Volltext
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  • 65
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    The Costs and Effectiveness of Police to Reduce Vehicle Emissions (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/09
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Transport sector policies already contribute to moderating greenhouse gas emissions from road vehicles and are increasingly designed to contribute to overall societal targets to mitigate climate change. The Round Table investigated the effectiveness and costs of various mitigation options. The question of how to decide on the distribution of abatement efforts across sectors of the economy was also discussed. Within the broad topic of addressing greenhouse gas emissions from transport, the Round Table focused on emissions of CO2 from road transport and in particular from light-duty passenger vehicles. Policies that reduce fuel consumption below non-intervention levels are in place in most countries, many adopted for reasons other than reducing CO2 emissions. In the US, both fuel taxes and fuel economy regulations have been in force for some decades. European governments have adopted high fuel taxes but are now considering introducing fuel economy regulations. A first core question for the Round Table was whether such a combination of instruments is justified. A second question was whether current policies, and the level of taxes and standards, are in line with societal climate change mitigation goals and, more generally, how such goals ought to be defined.
    DOI: 10.1787/235407601737
    URL: Volltext
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  • 66
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    The Wider Economic Benefit of Transport : Macro-, Meso and Micro Transport Planning and Investment Tools (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 16 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/06
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This paper summarizes and organizes presentations and discussions of the Round Table on Macro-, meso and micro infrastructure planning and assessment tools, that took place at Boston University, on 25 and 26 October 2007. The goal of the meeting was to investigate how recent research on direct and wider economic impacts of investment in transport infrastructure can be used to improve the practice of transport projects appraisal. While the potential importance of “wider benefits” is clear, it is less obvious that attempts to quantify them should be part of all projects appraisals. Timely availibilty of results of simpler approaches might approve the quality of decision-making just as much. And when wider impacts are part of appraisal, their quantification should follow consistent procedures. Policy-oriented research should focus on these procedures, not on producing general results, as the latter are thought to be irrelevant to policy, to the extent they exist.
    DOI: 10.1787/235472836885
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  • 67
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    Full Account of the Costs and Benefits of Reducing CO2 Emissions in Transport (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/03
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Among economists and policy makers more general, the fuel efficiency standard for cars and the fuel tax have been the subject of extensive debate. The major benefits of stricter fuel efficiency standards and higher fuel taxes are the reduction of Greenhouse gas emissions and the reduced oil dependence. The major costs are the increased production cost, the reduced comfort and the negative impact on mileage related externalities (congestion, accidents) due to the rebound effect. In this contribution we use a wider framework than Harrington (2008), Plotkin (2008) and Raux (2008) to discuss the CO2 1 emission reduction in transport. In section 2 we analyze, for the EU, the effects on welfare and CO2 emissions of pricing all transport activities according to their full social costs. In section 3, we go beyond the transport sector and compare the options to reduce emissions in the transport sector with the possibilities and costs to reduce emissions in other sectors of the economy. In section 4 we take a world view and analyze the impact of two types of international climate negotiations on the emission reduction strategy in the transport sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/235547617487
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  • 68
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    Responding to Increasing Port-related Freight Volumes : Lessons from Los Angeles / Long Beach and Other US Ports and Hinterlands (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/12
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Rapid growth in international trade over the last two decades has generated both benefits and costs. Costs have become increasingly visible in metropolitan areas -- growing congestion, air pollution – and local communities are demanding solutions. Congestion and air pollution associated with increased international trade have become so severe in the Los Angeles region that port-related trade is facing increased regulation by both state and local agencies. Historically US ports have been remarkably autonomous. Their role as economic development engines is wellrecognized by local leaders. Thus recent regulatory efforts represent a significant change in public policy. This report begins with an overview of trends in port-related trade and its impacts on US metropolitan areas, and discusses changing public perceptions of port-related trade as impacts have increased. Using Southern California as a case study, the report examines responses by the ports, terminal operators, and allied industries to a changed regulatory regime. Two examples are discussed in detail: 1) a state regulation requiring appointments or extended hours at terminal gates, and 2) the OFFPeak extended gate hours program. We use a political economy framework to explain outcomes. I describe the main economic actors and their competitive positions, and we explain the key aspects of the US regulatory system affecting these actors. Those with significant market power within the international trade supply chain were successful in staving off several regulatory attempts to force changes in operating practices. When regulations were imposed, they were able to structure responses to protect their economic interests. Results suggest that “dominant actors” – ports, terminal operators, steamship lines, and their major clients – will continue to be a strong influence in efforts to solve trade-related environmental problems.
    DOI: 10.1787/235322708337
    URL: Volltext
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  • 69
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    Transport Outlook 2008 : Focusing on CO2 Emissions from Road Vehicles (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/13
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This short outlook is designed to test the potential for key policy instruments for mitigating emissions from road transport, and particularly from light duty vehicles, the largest source of CO2 emissions from transport (see Figure 1 and Table 1). It also examines uncertainties in the baseline scenario for the development of CO2 emissions from the sector. In contrast to the OECD’s Economic Outlook and the IEA’s World Energy Outlook, the Transport Outlook is produced making use of external modeling tools. The work uses the most transparent and robust model developed to date for the sector, the MoMo modeli constructed and maintained by the International Energy Agency and initially developed for the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. We are grateful to the MoMo-team for their willingness to share this product. The present document is only a first step towards the development of a full-fledged Transport Outlook. It is limited in scope, with its focus on road transport and on emissions of CO2. Despite the limitations, this mini-Outlook provides elements of a useful framework for discussions on the policy challenges presented by the risk of costly consequences from anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. As will become clear, permanent reductions of CO2-emissions from transport are difficult to achieve because of strong underlying global growth in transport demand. At the same time, our scenarios suggest that emissions could be stabilized even with strong growth of demand, given immediate and continued efforts to reduce the sector’s carbon intensity. If stabilization is the goal, then finding cost-effective ways of achieving it becomes the critical issue.
    DOI: 10.1787/235320486412
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  • 70
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    Ensuring Hinterland Access The Role of Port Authorities (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/11
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: n this paper, it is argued that port authorities can actively contribute to better hinterland access. Different types of involvement of the port authority are discussed, as well as reasons for such involvement. The analysis is explorative and aims to provide a basis for further discussion. The analysis applies to landlord port authorities (PAs) with public goals. Landlord port authorities have become more autonomous and take the initiative for expansion and redevelopment of port infrastructure. The activities of PAs can be classified in four broad categories: traffic management, customer management, area management and stakeholder management. PAs traditionally act as landlords but increasingly operate ‘beyond the landlord’ model. The main argument for a more active involvement of the PA is the fact that coordination in clusters as well as transport chains does not always emerge spontaneously, for various reasons. More coordination can lead to more efficient supply chains and more competitive ports. Consequently, PAs have incentives to invest to improve coordination in port clusters and supply chains.
    DOI: 10.1787/235364721737
    URL: Volltext
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  • 71
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    Oil Dependence: Is Transport Running out of Affordable Fuel? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/05
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: The transport sector’s demand for oil is less price sensitive than any other part of the economy. This is partly because demand for transport services is relatively insensitive to price and partly because substitutes for oil in road transport are currently far from cost-effective. Evidence from the USA suggests that as incomes rise, transport sector oil demand becomes even less price sensitive. This implies that oil consumption is set to become increasingly concentrated in the transport sector. It also implies that relatively limited fluctuations in demand can have increasingly significant effects on oil prices.
    DOI: 10.1787/235517712500
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  • 72
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    Biofuels: Linking Support to Performance (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 16 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/07
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This paper summarizes and organizes presentations in the Round Table's presentations and discussions, draws conclusions when possible, and points out where opinions differ. It is divided in three main sections. First, the presentations and discussions provided an overview of the advances, promises, and pitfalls of current research on the economic impacts of investments in transport infrastructure. a first recurring theme was that advances in the analysis of "wider impacts" were acknowledged, but their transferability across projects was questioned, so there are "no simple rules" for generalizing results. Moreover, routine analysis is difficult because of shortcomings both in data availability and in the analytical framework. This theme is developed in some detail in section two. A second recurring issue was the major differences in the approach to transport project appraisal between countries. The impact of economic appraisal on policy decisions varies greatly from one region to another and this has consequences for the way wider economic impacts might be taken into account.
    DOI: 10.1787/235412177684
    URL: Volltext
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  • 73
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    The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264045521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (396 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Die wirtschaftlichen Folgen von Produkt- und Markenpiraterie
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The economic impact of counterfeiting and piracy ; Phase I
    DDC: 364.133
    Schlagwort(e): Produktpiraterie ; TRIPS ; Markenrecht ; OECD-Staaten ; Piracy (Copyright) Economic aspects ; Product counterfeiting Economic aspects ; Trade ; OECD ; Produktpiraterie ; Markenrecht ; Industrie
    Kurzfassung: This study develops and applies a rigorous methodology to estimate the incidence of counterfeit and pirated items in world trade. This methodology can be used in the future to refine the assessment as the quality and quantity of data improve. The study also provides an analysis of the market for counterfeit and pirated goods and the effects on various affected parties, ranging from the owners of the intellectual property rights, to consumers and governments. The study also provides a number of in-depth snapshots of different industry sectors, highlighting how those sectors are affected by counterfeiting and piracy, and how they are responding.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264045521-en
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  • 74
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    The Looming Crisis in the Health Workforce : How Can OECD Countries Respond? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050440
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les personnels de santé dans les pays de l'OCDE ; Comment répondre à la crise imminente ?
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The looming crisis in the health workforce
    DDC: 331.1
    RVK:
    QV 200
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitsberufe ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Medizinisches Personal ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Kurzfassung: In a world which is already characterised by significant international migration of health workers, OECD countries face a challenge in responding to the growing demand for doctors and nurses over the next 20 years. This book provides new information on the migration of health workers and migration policies and identifies possible ways forward. It is the main outcome of a joint OECD-WHO project on the management of health-related human resources and international migration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050440-en
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  • 75
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    Financial Management of Large-Scale Catastrophes (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264041516
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Serie: Policy Issues in Insurance no.12
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Financial management of large-scale catastrophes
    DDC: 363.34
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Schlagwort(e): Katastrophe ; Finanzierung ; Humanitäre Hilfe ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Naturkatastrophe ; Katastrophenhilfe ; Finanzierung ; Finanzmanagement
    Kurzfassung: Dramatic events, such as the earthquake that struck China’s Sichuan Province in 2008 and the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 2005, have brought the financial management of catastrophic risks once again to the forefront of the public policy agenda globally. To address these issues and develop sound policies, the OECD has established an International Network on the Financial Management of Large-Scale Catastrophes. This publication supports the ongoing activities of the Network. This book contains three reports focusing on different institutional approaches to the financial management of large-scale catastrophes in selected OECD and non-OECD countries, the role of risk mitigation and insurance in reducing the impact of natural disasters, and the importance of strategic leadership in the management of non-conventional crises.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264041516-en
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  • 76
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    Market Competition in the Nuclear Industry (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264054073
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Serie: Nuclear Development
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La concurrence sur les marchés de l'industrie nucléaire
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Market competition in the nuclear industry
    Schlagwort(e): Nuklearindustrie ; Wettbewerb ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Nuclear Energy ; Forschungsbericht ; Forschungsbericht ; OECD ; Kernenergiewirtschaft ; Internationaler Wettbewerb
    Kurzfassung: Nuclear power plants require a wide variety of specialised equipment, materials and services for their construction, operation and fuelling. There has been much consolidation and retrenchment in the nuclear industry since the 1980s, with the emergence of some large global nuclear companies. Electricity market liberalisation in many OECD countries has meanwhile placed nuclear plant operators under increased competitive pressure. These structural changes in both the producer and consumer sides of the nuclear industry have had implications for the level of competition in the nuclear engineering and fuel cycle markets. With renewed expansion of nuclear power now anticipated, this study examines competition in the major nuclear industry sectors at present, and how this may change with a significant upturn in demand.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264054073-en
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  • 77
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    Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in a Global Market (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044159
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les prix des médicaments sur un marché global ; Politiques et enjeux
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in a Global Market; (Turkish version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Pharmaceutical pricing policies in a global market
    DDC: 338.436151
    RVK:
    QR 525
    RVK:
    QX 740
    Schlagwort(e): Pharmaindustrie ; Arzneimittelmarkt ; Preisregulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Pharmazeutische Industrie ; Preispolitik ; Arzneimittelpreis ; Kostenerstattung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Kurzfassung: Pharmaceutical policy making raises particular challenges in reconciling key objectives for health policy, such as ensuring affordable access to the latest effective drugs, with other important policy considerations, such as providing support to a valuable national industry. Unusually among health policy issues, it also raises international considerations that further complicate decision making, particularly as the nature and extent of such considerations are not well understood. This report assesses how pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies have contributed to the achievement of certain health policy objectives. It examines the national and transnational effects of these policies, in particular, their implications for the availability of medicines in other countries, the prices of these medicines, and innovation in the pharmaceutical sector. This publication presents an analysis of comparative price levels, making use of a unique dataset to construct the most comprehensive pan-OECD pharmaceutical price index to date. It also draws upon original case studies of pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies in six OECD countries to provide specific examples of the impacts of policies on health system performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044159-en
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  • 78
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    A Profile of Immigrant Populations in the 21st Century : Data from OECD Countries (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040915
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.9/06912
    RVK:
    MS 3600
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Geschichte 2000 ; Einwanderer ; Migration ; Immigrants ; Einwanderer ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Einwanderungspolitik ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Einwanderungspolitik ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; OECD ; Einwanderer ; Geschichte 2000
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040915-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 79
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    Removing Barriers to SME Access to International Markets (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264045866
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Removing barriers to SME access to international markets
    DDC: 382/.3
    RVK:
    QR 380
    Schlagwort(e): KMU ; Internationaler Markteintritt ; OECD-Staaten ; Foreign trade promotion Congresses ; International trade Congresses ; Non-tariff trade barriers Congresses ; Small business Congresses ; Small business Government policy ; Congresses ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Weltmarkt ; Marktzugangsbeschränkung
    Kurzfassung: Although SMEs are a major source of growth and job creation, SMEs appear to be under-represented in the international economy relative to their contribution in national and local economies. Two original OECD-APEC surveys investigated how SME policy makers and SMEs perceive the barriers to SME access to international markets. This proceedings presents a report on the results of the surveys, a synthesis of the conference discussions, and the main outcome of the conference: the Athens Action Plan for Removing Barriers to SME Access to International Markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264045866-en
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  • 80
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    Staying Competitive in the Global Economy : Compendium of Studies on Global Value Chains (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264046313
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Staying competitive in the global economy
    DDC: 338.88
    RVK:
    QM 000
    Schlagwort(e): Globalisierung ; Internationale Produktion ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; OECD-Staaten ; Competition, International ; Globalization ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Globalisierung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Weltwirtschaft ; OECD ; Globalisierung ; Wertschöpfungskette ; Weltwirtschaft ; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
    Kurzfassung: Global value chains are radically altering how goods and services are produced. Parts made in one country, for instance, are increasingly assembled in another and sold in a third. The globalisation of production has changed the industrial structure within OECD countries, and in some sectors blunted their competitiveness. Another major consequence has been fears of job losses. This volume is a compilation of the studies that underlie the synthesis report on global value chains, entitled Staying Competitive in the Global Economy: Moving Up the Value Chain. It includes papers on the measurement of globalisation, SMEs in global value chains, the changing nature of manufacturing, impact of international sourcing, foreign affiliates, offshoring and productivity, and the internationalisation of R&D.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046313-en
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  • 81
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    Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043466
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Handbook on constructing composite indicators
    RVK:
    QN 200
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; OECD ; Wirtschaftsindikator
    Kurzfassung: This Handbook is a guide for constructing and using composite indicators for policy makers, academics, the media and other interested parties. While there are several types of composite indicators, this Handbook is concerned with those which compare and rank country performance in areas such as industrial competitiveness, sustainable development, globalization and innovation. The Handbook aims to contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of composite indicators and to an improvement of the techniques currently used to build them. In particular, it contains a set of technical guidelines that can help constructors of composite indicators to improve the quality of their outputs.It has been prepared jointly by the OECD (the Statistics Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry) and the Applied Statistics and Econometrics Unit of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission in Ispra, Italy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043466-en
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  • 82
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    Environmental Performance of Agriculture in OECD Countries Since 1990 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040854
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (576 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La performance environnementale de l'agriculture dans les pays de l'OCDE depuis 1990
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Environmental indicators for agriculture ; volume 4: Environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries since 1990
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Environmental policy OECD countries ; Environmental protection OECD countries ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; OECD ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltstatistik
    Kurzfassung: In OECD countries, agriculture uses on average over 40% of land and water resources, and thus has significant affect on the environment. This report provides the latest and most comprehensive data and analysis on the environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries since 1990. It covers key environmental themes including soil, water, air and biodiversity and looks at recent policy developments in all 30 countries. Over recent years the environmental performance of agriculture has improved in many countries, largely due to consumer pressure and changing public opinion. Many OECD countries are now tracking the environmental performance of agriculture, which is informing policy makers and society on the trends in agri-environmental conditions, and can provide a valuable aid to policy analysis. The indicators in this report provide crucial information to monitor and analyse the wide range of policy measures used in agriculture today, and how they are affecting the environment. Did You Know? In OECD countries, agriculture uses on average 40% of land and water resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040854-en
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  • 83
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    Open Innovation in Global Networks (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264047693
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Open innovation in global networks
    DDC: 338.064
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Schlagwort(e): Innovationsmanagement ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Industrial management ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Globalisierung ; Innovationsmanagement ; Corporate Network ; Innovation
    Kurzfassung: To match the global demand and supply of innovation, businesses increasingly internationalise their innovation activities while opening their innovation process by collaborating with external partners (e.g., suppliers, customers, universities). This book examines what drives these global innovation networks across different industries, how they are related to companies' overall strategies, whether they are accessible for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and what the consequences are.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264047693-en
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  • 84
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    The Internationalisation of Business R&D : Evidence, Impacts and Implications (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044050
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The internationalisation of business R&D
    RVK:
    QM 355
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Forschung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Auslandsinvestition ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Innovationsförderung ; Globalisierung ; Science and Technology ; Konferenzschrift ; Unternehmen ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Offshoring ; Internationalisierung
    Kurzfassung: Globalisation is quickly reshaping the international economic landscape, resulting in an increasing global supply of science and technology (S&T) resources and capabilities. This book analyses trends in the offshoring of R&D, examines its drivers and motivations, and identifies implications for innovation policy. It examines the internationalisation of R&D through foreign direct investment (FDI) by multinational enterprises (MNEs), which account for the bulk of business R&D in the OECD area. It also discusses complementary aspects of the global innovation landscape, such as the internationalisation of science, the growing importance of international technology co-operation and the growing international mobility of researchers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044050-en
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
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    Long-Life Surfaces for Busy Roads (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101209
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Des chaussées à longue durée de vie pour routes à forte circulation
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Long-life surfaces could substantially cut the costs of road works, including the delays they cause, especially on congested routes with heavy traffic. These surfaces use new materials that cost more than conventional asphalt and require special handling. This report presents the results of collaborative research to evaluate the technical and economic potential of the most promising long-life surfaces (epoxy asphalt and high performance cementitious materials) and assist governments in weighing up the risks and advantages of introducing them on busy roads
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101209-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Conducting sustainability assessments (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264047266 , 9789262138305
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD sustainable development studies
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Conducting sustainability assessments
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Conducting sustainability assessments
    RVK:
    AR 14100
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Umweltfaktor ; Einflussgröße ; Interesse ; Politik ; Beurteilung ; Abschätzung ; Richtlinie ; Regel ; OECD-Länder Sozioökonomische Entwicklung ; Umweltfaktoren ; Wirtschaftliche Faktoren ; Politische Faktoren ; Einschätzung/Abschätzung ; Richtlinien/Regeln ; Dauerhafte Entwicklung ; Steuerung/Regulierung Strategie ; Modell (theoretisch) ; Kosten-Nutzen-Relation ; Folgenabschätzung ; Vergleichende Analyse ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Nachhaltigkeit
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264047266-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Investissements en infrastructures de transport : Vers plus d'efficience (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101896
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transport Infrastructure Investment; Options for Efficiency
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: Les transports terrestres jouent un rôle crucial dans presque toutes les activités sociales et économiques. La fourniture et l'entretien des infrastructures nécessitent des ressources considérables. C'est pourquoi il est essentiel de les aborder selon les modalités les plus efficaces et rentables possibles. De nombreuses options peuvent être envisagées pour la fourniture des infrastructures de transport terrestre : ministères et organismes publics, partenariats public-privé (PPP), entreprises publiques, sociétés privées à but non lucratif ou privatisation pure et simple. Il existe également plusieurs moyens de financer ces infrastructures, notamment la tarification de l’utilisation, les subventions, les emprunts publics ou le financement privé. Ce rapport passe en revue les principes clés que les gouvernements doivent prendre en considération dans leurs décisions relatives aux modalités de mise à disposition et de financement des infrastructures de transport terrestre, avec l'objectif de répondre aux besoins de la société et d'utiliser au mieux les ressources publiques. Il examine également les questions clés qui doivent être résolues pour faire davantage appel aux capacités de financement et au savoir-faire du secteur privé.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101896-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    URL: Volltext
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  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Biofuels : Linking Support to Performance (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101803
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.138
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Biocarburants ; Lier les politiques de soutien aux bilans énergétiques et environnementaux
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: Biofuels received USD 15 billion in subsidies in OECD Member countries in 2007, but did they deliver benefits in terms of climate change or oil security? Present policies make no link between support for biofuels and their environmental performance, and biofuels do not all perform equally well. In fact, much of the current ethanol and biodiesel production may result in higher overall emissions of greenhouse gases than using conventional transport fuels - gasoline and diesel. The papers published in this report examine the economics of biofuels and assess the potential of conventional biofuel production in OECD countries, Brazilian ethanol exports and some second generation biofuels to supply world markets with transport fuels. This Round Table analyses the critical issues for governments in determining support for biofuels, particularly the level of greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life-cycle of these fuels and the wider environmental impacts of farming biomass. It also reviews recent progress in developing certification systems for biofuels – an essential tool for tying support to achievement in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, although certification cannot be expected to prevent rainforest destruction for the development of biofuel crop plantations. The report concludes with a short list of recommendations for policy reform if support for biofuels is to contribute effectively to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101803-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Privatisation and Regulation of Urban Transit Systems (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102008
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.141
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Privatisation et réglementation des systèmes de transports publics urbains
    RVK:
    QR 800
    RVK:
    QR 860
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Konferenzschrift 2008 ; Stadtverkehr ; Transitverkehr ; Verkehrsplanung ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regulierung ; Privatisierung
    Kurzfassung: Urban public transport services generally run at a large deficit. This has led public authorities to seek efficiencies, notably through private sector involvement. Support for the sector traditionally seeks to provide basic mobility services to all segments of society, including low-income users. Intervention is also required to manage the natural tendency towards concentration and market power in the provision of these transport services. Policy towards urban public transport is increasingly aimed at managing congestion on the roads and mitigating CO2 emissions by substituting for travel by car. Achieving coherent transport networks that are efficient and financially sustainable is a challenge for any public authority. This Round Table examines experience in integrating private management and capital with public transport policy objectives in a number of developed economies. For network operators, the Round Table concludes that innovation is the key to surviving the rapidly changing policy and regulatory environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102008-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Biocarburants : Lier les politiques de soutien aux bilans énergétiques et environnementaux (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101827
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Tables rondes FIT no.138
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Biofuels; Linking Support to Performance
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: En 2007, les biocarburants ont reçu 15 milliards USD de subventions dans les pays membres de l’OCDE. Ont-ils pour autant apporté des bénéfices en termes de protection du climat ou de sécurité énergétique ? Dans le cadre des politiques actuelles, le soutien aux biocarburants n’est pas lié à leurs performances environnementales, alors même que tous les biocarburants sont loin d’afficher le même bilan écologique. A vrai dire, il se pourrait qu’une grande partie de l’éthanol et du biodiesel produit aujourd’hui engendre au bout du compte davantage d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre que les carburants traditionnels que sont l’essence et le diesel. Les rapports réunis dans cet ouvrage examinent la dimension économique des biocarburants et évaluent les perspectives de production de biocarburants conventionnels dans les pays de l’OCDE, les possibilités d’exportation de l’éthanol brésilien et le potentiel de certains biocarburants de seconde génération dans l’optique de l’approvisionnement des marchés mondiaux en carburants. La Table ronde dont ils sont issus a analysé les aspects essentiels qui doivent guider les gouvernements dans la détermination du soutien apporté aux biocarburants, notamment les émissions de gaz à effet de serre produits par ces carburants sur l’ensemble de leur cycle de vie et l’impact plus général des cultures énergétiques sur l’environnement. Sont également analysés, les progrès intervenus récemment en matière d’élaboration de systèmes de certification pour les biocarburants, sachant que ces systèmes sont un outil essentiel pour lier le soutien à l’abaissement effectif des émissions de gaz à effet de serre – qui ne saurait toutefois pas empêcher la destruction des forêts tropicales et leur remplacement par des surfaces consacrées à la production de biocarburants. En conclusion, l’ouvrage présente une courte liste de réformes préconisées pour faire en sorte que les politiques de soutien aux biocarburants contribuent véritablement à l’atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101827-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 91
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    Oil Dependence : Is Transport Running Out of Affordable Fuel? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102527
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.139
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Pétrole et transports ; La fin des carburants à prix abordable ?
    DDC: 333.8/23213
    RVK:
    QQ 800
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: Oil consumption is increasingly concentrated in transport and relatively limited fluctuations in transport demand can have increasingly significant effects on oil prices. This Round Table assesses the policy instruments available to address oil security and climate change and examines their interaction with measures to manage congestion and mitigate local air pollution. A number of incompatibilities and trade-offs are identified underlining the importance of integrated policy making. The report includes an examination of the factors that drive oil prices in the short and long term and a discussion of the outlook for oil supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102527-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The State of the Public Service (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264047990
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'emploi public ; Un état des lieux
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The state of the public service
    DDC: 352.3
    RVK:
    MF 7500
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlicher Dienst ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance ; OECD ; OECD ; Öffentlicher Dienst
    Kurzfassung: Over the past 20 years, the management of the public service has changed tremendously in most OECD countries. First, governments have tried to reduce the size of their public employment to decrease the costs of producing government services, either directly or indirectly by contracting out the production of services to the private sector under the assumption that it would be more efficient. Second, in many cases, governments have tried to apply general good management principles to the management of public employees. As a consequence, many areas of public employment have lost their uniqueness and have become quite similar to the general employment system in the different countries. This book takes stock of the main changes in the management of public services across OECD countries. It also examines how countries manage to find a balance between, on the one hand, attention to fundamental values such as fairness, equity, justice and social cohesion to maintain political confidence in the government system as a whole and, on the other hand, a focus on efficiency, productivity and effectiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264047990-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 93
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    Online-Ressource
    The Global Competition for Talent : Mobility of the Highly Skilled (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264047754
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (165 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Attirer les talents ; Les travailleurs hautement qualifiés au cœur de la concurrence internationale
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La competición global por el talento ; Movilidad de los trabajadores altamente cualificados
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The global competition for talent
    DDC: 658.3131
    RVK:
    DI 1000
    RVK:
    DV 3000
    RVK:
    MS 6960
    RVK:
    QV 230
    Schlagwort(e): Brain Drain ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Fachkraft ; Internationale Mobilität
    Kurzfassung: This publication discusses the dimensions, significance, and policy implications of international flows of human resources in science and technology. The international mobility of highly skilled workers is increasing in scale and complexity as more economies participate in R&D and innovation activity. Mobile talent diffuses knowledge both directly and indirectly across borders. This can boost global innovation performance, with benefits accruing to both sending and receiving countries. It is clear that mobility is leading to an increasing level of labour-market internationalisation and integration, and competition for talent is now influencing innovation policy initiatives across the globe. Most countries offer a range of policies focused on assisting and encouraging mobility, although few have a specific and coherent mobility strategy. Many nations aim to attract the same pool of highly skilled talent; thus, relying on international flows to fill existing or future gaps in supply may entail risks. Addressing shortcomings in national policies that may limit domestic supply of skilled workers, and ensuring that the wider environment for innovation and scientific endeavour is sound, are key policy challenges for countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264047754-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
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  • 94
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    Pétrole et transports : La fin des carburants à prix abordable ? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102534
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Serie: Tables rondes FIT no.139
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Oil Dependence; Is Transport Running Out of Affordable Fuel?
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: La consommation de pétrole se concentre de plus en plus dans le secteur des transports. Ainsi, des variations relativement limitées de la demande dans ce secteur peuvent avoir des effets de plus en plus sensibles sur les cours du pétrole. Cette table ronde évalue les mesures dont disposent les pouvoirs publics pour sécuriser les approvisionnements pétroliers et freiner le changement climatique. Elle examine leur interaction avec les mesures destinées à gérer la congestion et réduire la pollution atmosphérique locale. Elle met aussi en évidence un certain nombre d’incompatibilités et d’arbitrages nécessaires, soulignant ainsi l’importance d’une approche intégrée dans l’élaboration des politiques. La table ronde examine aussi les facteurs qui déterminent les prix du pétrole à court et long terme, ainsi que les perspectives concernant les approvisionnements pétroliers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102534-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    URL: Volltext
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Privatisation et réglementation des systèmes de transports publics urbains (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102022
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Serie: Tables rondes FIT no.141
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Privatisation and Regulation of Urban Transit Systems
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Les services de transports publics urbains connaissent une exploitation largement déficitaire dans une majorité de cas. Ceci a conduit les autorités publiques à rechercher des gains d’efficience, en particulier par la participation du secteur privé à l’offre de tels services. Traditionnellement, le subventionnement de tels services vise à procurer une mobilité de base à toutes les catégories de la population, en particulier pour celles défavorisées. Une intervention publique vise également à contrecarrer les tendances naturelles à la concentration et à l’apparition de positions dominantes dans les services de transports publics. Les politiques en matière de transports urbains veillent également de plus en plus à offrir des alternatives à l’usage de la voiture particulière pour combattre la congestion et réduire les émissions de CO2. Construire des réseaux de transports publics cohérents qui soient viables financièrement est un défi pour toutes les autorités publiques. Cette Table Ronde a examiné les expériences d’intégration d’une gestion privée et de capital privé dans des objectifs de politique des transports publics au sein de nombres d’économies développées. A destination des opérateurs de ces réseaux, la Table Ronde a conclu que l’innovation est un élément clef pour faire face à des environnements politiques et réglementaires en mutation rapide.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102022-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Towards Zero : Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101964
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Zéro tué sur la route ; Un système sûr, des objectifs ambitieux
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Towards Zero; Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach (Russian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Zéro tué sur la route : Un système sûr, des objectifs ambitieux
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Towards Zero: Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach (Russian version)
    DDC: 629.28304
    Schlagwort(e): Traffic safety ; Transport ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Umsetzung
    Kurzfassung: Each year around 1.2 million people are killed and 50 million are injured on roads around the world. But crashes are largely preventable and much can be done to reduce the burden of pain they cause and their economic impact. This report takes stock of recent developments and initiatives to meet increasingly ambitious road safety targets, and constitutes a major international review of progress in developing Safe System approaches, now adopted in a small number of countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101964-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 97
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    Cutting Transport CO2 Emissions : What Progress? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123782
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transports et émissions de CO2 ; Quels progrès ?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transports et émissions de CO2 : Quels progrès ?
    RVK:
    AR 23400
    RVK:
    QT 800
    Schlagwort(e): Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon dioxide Environmental aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Transportation Environmental aspects ; Environment ; Transport ; OECD ; Verkehrssektor ; Kohlendioxidemission ; Emissionsverringerung ; European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Kurzfassung: Despite significant efforts on the part of some countries, transport CO2 emissions have increased steadily over the last ten years. This report reviews the progress OECD and ECMT countries have made in reducing transport sector CO2 emissions and makes recommendations for the focus of future policies. It includes detailed country-by country information on measures adopted and transport sector emissions for the period 1990 - 2003.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123782-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    (De)Regulation of the Taxi Industry (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101155
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (169 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.133
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La (dé)-réglementation du secteur des taxis
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This Round Table examines the basic case for liberalisation of the taxi industry, and reviews experiences with taxi (de-)regulation in OECD and ECMT member countries. There are a number of aspects to regulation of the taxi industry including entry, price and service quality regulation. The discussions of these aspects concluded that little empirical evidence supported the argument that entry restrictions improved capacity utilisation. On the contrary, the case could be made that increased entry and associated economies of density, as well as shorter passenger waiting times, warranted subsidies for entry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101155-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 99
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    Améliorer l'accès aux taxis (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101063
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (85 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Improving Access to Taxis
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Taxi ; Dienstleistungsangebot ; Zugang ; Verbesserung ; Kraftfahrzeug ; Design ; Behinderung
    Kurzfassung: Les taxis constituent un mode de transport essentiel pour les personnes handicapées ou âgées. Le caractère personnalisé du service porte à porte qu’ils offrent et leur grande disponibilité leur permettent en effet de répondre particulièrement bien aux besoins de mobilité des personnes atteintes d’un handicap. Bien que l’accessibilité des services de taxi se soit améliorée dans plusieurs pays, il reste encore beaucoup à faire. Cette étude conjointe de la CEMT et de l’IRU examine les facteurs liés à la conception et à la construction des véhicules de taxi ainsi que les mesures pratiques permettant d’accroître la production et l’utilisation de taxis accessibles
    Anmerkung: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Improving access to taxis
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101063-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 100
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    Accès au marché, commerce des services de transport et facilitation des échanges (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101490
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (247 p.)
    Serie: Tables Rondes CEMT no.134
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Market Access, Trade in Transport Services and Trade Facilitation
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Trade ; Konferenzschrift
    Kurzfassung: Cette Table Ronde, accueillie à Thessalonique par l’Institut Hellénique des Transports, examine le rôle du secteur des transports dans l’intégration économique régionale. Les thèmes analysés sont : l'intégration régionale dans le cadre de la libéralisation multilatérale des échanges, les effets de la libéralisation du commerce international des services de transport sur la structure des marchés, les relations entre la libéralisation du commerce des services de transport et les politiques nationales de la concurrence ainsi que la nécessité de coordonner les politiques relatives aux infrastructures de transport internationales, la sûreté des transports au niveau international et les politiques de logistique.
    Anmerkung: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Market access, trade in transport services and trade facilitation : report of the One Hundred and Thirty Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics ; [Thessaloniki Regional Round Table]
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101490-fr
    URL: Volltext
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