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  • 2005-2009  (196)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (196)
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (196)
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Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Language: French
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.79
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing Highly-Skilled Labour Migration: A Comparative Analysis of Migration Policies and Challenges in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La plupart des pays de l’OCDE s’attendent à des pénuries croissantes de travailleurs qualifiés dans les prochaines deux décennies, et l’immigration pourrait bien être une des réponses à ce phénomène. Ces dernières années, ils ont mis en place des politiques pour faciliter le recrutement de ces travailleurs et l’on peut s’attendre à ce qu’ils poursuivent leurs efforts dans ce sens. Ce document donne un aperçu des questions portant sur la gestion des travailleurs immigrés hautement qualifiés. Généralement, un migrant hautement qualifié est sensé avoir au moins une éducation de niveau supérieur, mais d’autres définitions sont possibles, notamment sur la base de la profession exercée. Le niveau de salaire est aussi une référence pratique utilisée par certains pays pour considérer que les migrants hautement qualifiés sont les personnes qui reçoivent une rémunération au-dessus d’un certain seuil. Il y a deux principaux moyens pour recruter des travailleurs hautement qualifiés résidant à l’étranger. Le premier est à l’initiative de la demande des employeurs. L’autre est fondé sur l’offre et consiste à inviter les candidats à postuler, et leur admission dépend de certains critères sélectifs comme l’âge, le niveau d’instruction, la maîtrise de la langue et la profession exercée. Il s’agit d’un système à points au-delà d’un certain niveau de points obtenus, les candidats ont le droit de s’installer dans le pays d’accueil. Les systèmes fondés sur l’offre ont montré leurs limites au cours des décennies récentes, les pays d’accueil éprouvant des difficultés de recruter de manière à garantir une insertion réussie sur le marché du travail. Les employeurs semblent attribuer moins de valeur aux qualifications et à l’expérience professionnelle acquises dans un pays hors de la zone OCDE. Ainsi, les immigrés arrivant sans emploi préalable, éprouvent de sérieuses difficultés à trouver l’emploi correspondant à leur qualification et leur expérience. En conséquence, on note une tendance générale à transférer à l’employeur tout ou partie de la responsabilité du processus de sélection des candidats à l’immigration. De cette façon, toutes les questions de qualification et d’expérience sont abordées dans le cadre des négociations d’embauche entre les employeurs et les personnes à recruter avant l’immigration. Une deuxième option est de favoriser les candidats à la migration ayant obtenu leurs qualifications dans un pays de l’OCDE et encore plus s’il s’agit du pays d’accueil lui-même. La plupart des pays de l’OCDE ont en fait adopté des mesures pour permettre aux étudiants étrangers ayant achevé leurs études, de rester dans le pays pour rechercher un emploi en relation avec leur niveau et leur domaine d’étude. Dans certains pays, dont la langue nationale est peu parlée au-delà de leurs frontières, le recrutement direct reste problématique, sauf si la langue de travail est internationale, comme l’anglais. Pour de tels pays, le recrutement direct peut encore être possible, si une langue internationale est largement parlée dans les lieux de travail. Autrement, la migration impulsée par devrait être envisagée avec des investissements linguistiques importants demandés aux nouveaux arrivés. Une politique active de recrutement signifie bien davantage que la simple possibilité d’accorder des permis à des employeurs ou à des candidats à l’immigration, sur la base de la reconnaissance de leur niveau de connaissance. Si les migrants hautement qualifiés peuvent être attirés, quels que soient les obstacles à surmonter, par des pays où les salaires sont élevés et dont les langues nationales sont largement parlées, les pays ayant une langue peu parlée en dehors du territoire national et offrant des salaires moins élevés ne pourront se contenter uniquement de la levée des barrières administratives. Dans la plupart des pays, les effets de l’évolution démographique commencent tout juste à se faire sentir. Mais, à l’horizon 2010, plus de la moitié des pays de l’OCDE auront des cohortes entrantes de main d’œuvre moins nombreuses que les cohortes sortantes. L’objectif à moyen terme pour les pays de l’OCDE est d’avoir des mouvements dont l’ampleur et la nature permettront de répondre aux besoins du marché du travail. Il serait prématuré de prétendre que toutes les politiques requises sont d’ores et déjà en place.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264055711
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (370 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 2); Labour Market Integration in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Portugal
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 2): Labour Market Integration in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Portugal
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; France ; Netherlands ; Portugal
    Abstract: Lorsque des immigrants arrivent dans un pays, ils sont confrontés à un marché du travail peu connu qui a ses propres exigences. Avoir une bonne maîtrise de la langue du pays hôte et une bonne connaissance des procédures de recherche d’emploi et du fonctionnement du marché du travail sont autant d’atouts qu’ils n’ont pas forcément. Les nouveaux immigrants ne sont pas les seuls à rencontrer ces difficultés, il en va de même pour leurs enfants même s’ils sont nés et ont été scolarisés dans le pays d’accueil. Cet ouvrage examine l’intégration sur le marché du travail des immigrés et de leurs enfants dans quatre pays de l’OCDE (Belgique, France, Pays-Bas et Portugal), et formule des recommandations propres à chacun de ces pays. Les pouvoirs publics se doivent de promouvoir l’enseignement des langues et la formation professionnelle, et d’encourager la diversité au travail. Pour leur part, les immigrés doivent accepter les exigences des employeurs des pays d’accueil. La viabilité des futures politiques migratoires et le recours accru à l’immigration dépendent en grande partie de l’aptitude des pays de l’OCDE et des immigrés à réaliser ces objectifs.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264068995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Henrard, Valentine Slovenia
    DDC: 331.12094973
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    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Flexicurity ; Sozialpolitik ; Slowenien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovenia ; Slowenien ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Beschäftigungsentwicklung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Rentenversicherung ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: This report analyses the main challenges for labour market and social policies in Slovenia and considers the available policy options from the perspective of OECD countries' experience. It finds that Slovenia has one of the most equal income distributions in the world and a tradition of social dialogue. However, its unemployment insurance and employment service system are not sufficient to deal effectively with the present economic crisis and the country is also faced with rapid population ageing and a low employment rate among 55-to-64 year olds. This report makes recommendations to deal with these issues.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264074231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Obtenir un meilleur rapport qualité-prix dans les soins de santé
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Achieving better value for money in health care
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    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitsreform ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: Rising public health care spending remains a problem in virtually all OECD and EU member countries. As a consequence, there is growing interest in policies that will ease this pressure through improved health system performance. This report examines selected policies that may help countries better achieve the goal of improved health system efficiency and thus better value for money. Drawing on multinational data sets and case studies, it examines a range policy instruments. These include: the role of competition in health markets; the scope for improving care coordination; better pharmaceutical pricing policies; greater quality control supported by stronger information and communication technology in health care; and increased cost sharing.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264077263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Poland
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    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Polen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland ; Polen ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on Poland contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als United States
    DDC: 331.34
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    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States ; USA ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on the United States contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264055513
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The changing boundaries of social enterprises
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    Keywords: Nonprofit-Organisation ; Sozialwirtschaft ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entrepreneurship ; Nonprofit-Organisation
    Abstract: Social enterprises are entering a new phase of consolidation after overcoming various challenges over the last 10 years in their efforts to foster sustainable local development, help create local wealth and jobs, and fight social exclusion. This book contains recommendations for national and local policy makers and presents a set of international best practices based on new legislation that has been enacted, novel frontiers that have opened up, and support and financial tools that have been developed.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264059771
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (102 p)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The report analyses the retirement income systems of 18 Asian countries, including Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines and Vietnam. It says that reform is needed because: coverage of formal pension systems is relatively low; withdrawal of savings before retirement is very common; pension savings are often taken as lump sums and often do not provide people with adequate income over their lifetime; pensions payments are not automatically adjusted to reflect changes in the cost of living. In OECD countries, an average of 70% of the working-age population are eligible for a pension. However in South Asia, just 7.5% of the working-age population are eligible and in East Asia 18%. Furthermore, few countries in Asia/Pacific have social pensions to provide safety-net retirement incomes for people who are not members of formal schemes. Only in India are social pensions significant, with around 10 to 15% of older people covered.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059368
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (205 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Doing Better for Children
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: S’appuyant sur un large éventail de sources de données, cette publication construit et analyse différents indicateurs du bien-être des enfants dans les pays de l’OCDE. Ces indicateurs couvrent six dimensions essentielles : le bien-être matériel, le logement et l’environnement, l’éducation, la santé et la sécurité, les comportements à risque et la qualité de la vie scolaire. Ils montrent qu’aucun pays de l’OCDE n’est performant dans tous les domaines et que chacun d’eux pourrait faire davantage pour améliorer la vie de ses enfants et adolescents. Elle analyse également les montants dépensés par les pays au titre de l’enfance et à quel stade interviennent ces dépenses ; c’est la première fois qu’un tel exercice comparatif est entrepris pour l’ensemble de la zone OCDE. D’autres chapitres examinent dans le détail les politiques à destination des enfants de moins de trois ans, l’impact de la monoparentalité sur les enfants et l’effet des inégalités intergénérationnelles. En conclusion, elle fait un certain nombre de recommandations d’ordre général en vue d’améliorer le bien-être des enfants. À lire également Croissance et inégalités: Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l’OCDE (2008) Bébés et employeurs – Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille : synthèse des résultats pour les pays de l’OCDE (2007)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060098
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting consumer education
    DDC: 381.33
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    Keywords: Verbraucherpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Verbrauchererziehung ; Verbraucherschutz ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD
    Abstract: Consumers today are challenged by growing amounts of information and wider choices of products, requiring them to develop skills and knowledge for making good choices in complex markets. This publication examines the approaches that governments use to promote consumer education in OECD and some non-OECD countries, highlighting the policies and measures that have been particularly effective. It also analyses recent trends, the role of stakeholders, steps being taken to evaluate the effectiveness of current programmes and the principal challenges.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264049147
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?; Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités ; Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?: Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités : Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Hat die Einkommensungleichheit im Zeitverlauf zugenommen? Wer sind die Gewinner und wer die Verlierer in diesem Prozess? Sind alle OECD-Länder gleichermaßen von dieser Entwicklung betroffen? Inwieweit sind stärkere Einkommensungleichheiten die Folge größerer Disparitäten bei den persönlichen Erwerbseinkommen der Arbeitnehmer, und welche Rolle spielen dabei andere Faktoren? Wie wirkt sich schließlich die staatliche Umverteilung durch Steuer- und Transfersysteme auf diese Trends aus?Dieser Bericht liefert Befunde dafür, dass die Einkommensungleichheit während der letzten 20 Jahre in den OECD-Ländern fast überall zugenommen hat. Die Publikation enthält eine Reihe von Analysen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen in den OECD-Ländern. Die Daten über Einkommensverteilung und Armut erstrecken sich zum ersten Mal auf alle 30 OECD-Länder zum Stand von Mitte der 2000er Jahre, während bis Mitte der 1980er Jahre zurückreichende Informationen über Trendentwicklungen für rund zwei Drittel der Länder vorliegen. Der Bericht beschreibt zudem Ungleichheiten in einer Reihe von Bereichen (wie Vermögen der privaten Haushalte, Konsumgewohnheiten, öffentliche Sachleistungen), die bei den herkömmlichen Diskussionen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen unter Einzelpersonen und Haushalten in der Regel außer Acht gelassen werden.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264060258
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres ; Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres : Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Natural resources and pro-poor growth
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    Keywords: Natürliche Ressourcen ; Armut ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: This publication demonstrates that natural resources can contribute to growth, employment, exports and fiscal revenues in low-income countries, where natural capital constitutes a quarter of total wealth. It highlights the importance of policies encouraging the sustainable management of these resources. Moreover, it emphasises the need to address the political challenges of natural-resource management for long-term pro-poor economic growth. Part I provides an overview of the economics and politics of natural resources. It describes the unique features of natural resources and resulting management challenges, the role of sustainable natural resource management in supporting pro-poor growth, and the politics and governance of natural resources. It then offers recommendations for policy makers on how to support the approaches advocated in the paper. Part II examines these issues with respect to seven specific natural-resource sectors: fisheries, forests, wildlife and ecotourism, soil productivity, water security, minerals and renewable energy.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: In developing countries, 6 out of 10 people die from infectious diseases. Nearly 1 billion humans suffer from a neglected infectious disease, according to the World Health Organisation. Yet less than 1% of the new drugs placed on the market from 1975 to the turn of the century were developed for these diseases. This book looks at ways of improving the availability of medicines for infectious diseases through strengthened coherence in health, trade, science and technology, development co-operation and finance.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Adema, Willem Chile
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    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Armut ; Einkommensverteilung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; Altersvorsorge ; Chile ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Chile ; Chile ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: This report analyses in detail the implications of recent developments in Chile's labour market and social policy and considers the available policy options from the perspective of OECD countries’ experience. The report finds that Chile has enjoyed rising living standards over two decades of strong economic growth. The incidence of poverty is now much lower and there is better access to adequate housing, education and healthcare. Nevertheless, Chile’s income distribution remains disturbingly unequal by OECD standards. This is partly due to Chile’s a relatively low employment rate, especially for women, but it also reflects a segmented labour market, where much of the recent job creation has occurred in relatively low-productive sectors. Moreover, despite the existence of an internationally renowned pension programme, Chile’s social protection system as a whole has still a relatively long way to go before reaching the standards of developed countries in terms of effective coverage and capacity to assist needy households. Chilean policy makers have begun to develop and implement a series of ambitious reforms, intended to promote the twin goals of work and equity.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264061972
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Series Statement: Des emplois pour les jeunes/Jobs for Youth
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes; France 2009
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: Les premières expériences sur le marché du travail à la sortie de l’école conditionnent fortement la trajectoire professionnelle. Présente une analyse des principales barrières à l'emploi des jeunes en France et évalue la pertinence et l'efficacité des dispositifs existants pour faciliter la transition de l'école à l'emploi. Une série de recommandations sur les politiques que les autorités publiques et les partenaires sociaux devraient mener complète l'ouvrage.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264056015
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les enjeux régionaux des migrations ouest-africaines ; Perspectives africaines et européennes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trémolières, Marie Regional challenges of West African migration
    DDC: 325/.266
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    Keywords: Economic Community of West African States ; Internationale Migration ; Westafrika ; Internationale Migration ; Zuwanderer ; Repatriierung ; Migrationspolitik ; Freizügigkeit ; Internationale Organisation ; Politik ; Fallstudie ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Westafrika ; Europa ; Maghreb ; Mauretanien ; Senegal ; Westafrika ; Flüchtling
    Abstract: This publication presents contributions by international experts on various aspects of West African migration. It provides a contrasting perspective to current debates which essentially focus on security issues. This rather non-institutional approach promotes a constant dialogue based on analyses of the actual situation: the authors encourage "win-win" mobility for all parties involved (Europe, North Africa and West Africa), whether it be a host, transit or departure country.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264074255
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Achieving Better Value for Money in Health Care
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La hausse des dépenses publiques de santé reste un problème dans pratiquement tous les pays de l’OCDE et de l’Union européenne. C’est pourquoi l’attention se porte de plus en plus sur les mesures qui atténueront ces pressions en améliorant la performance des systèmes de santé. Ce rapport présente un ensemble de politiques pouvant aider les pays à améliorer l’efficience des systèmes de santé et ainsi à obtenir un meilleur rapport qualité-prix dans les soins. Un large éventail d’instruments d’action sont examinés en tirant parti de données et d’études de cas portant sur de nombreux pays. Les thèmes suivants sont traités : le rôle de la concurrence sur les marchés de la santé ; les possibilités d’amélioration de la coordination des soins ; une tarification plus adaptée des produits pharmaceutiques ; un contrôle plus poussé de la qualité s’appuyant sur une utilisation plus intensive des technologies de l’information et de la communication pour les soins ; un plus large partage des coûts.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pharmacogenetics
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    Keywords: Pharmakologie ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Pharmakogenetik ; Innovation ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: Pharmacogenetics helps us understand the relationship between an individual’s genetic make-up and the way medicines work for each person. This book reviews the use of pharmacogenetics across all stages of the health innovation cycle from research through to uptake by doctors and patients. It focuses on how to optimise the use of pharmacogenetics to deliver effective innovations for public health, and design policies that enhance their economic and social benefits. The book argues for large-scale studies to validate the biomarkers that underpin pharmacogenetics and policies to share the cost and risk of using pharmacogenetics to improve the use of existing medicines. Governments and others need to align regulatory, reimbursement and other incentives and work with industry to measure better the impacts of pharmacogenetics. Health systems need to take positive steps to adapt to the use of pharmacogenetics and ensure that health professionals receive adequate training.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107113 , 9789264055780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les migrations internationales ; Le visage humain de la mondialisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration; Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Keeley, Brian International migration
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    Keywords: OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Welt ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Internationale Migration ; Geschichte ; Globalisierung ; Bedeutung ; Rolle ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Einwanderer ; Überweisung ; Braindrain ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Sozialer Indikator ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Globalisierung
    Abstract: About 190 million people around the world live outside their country of birth. These migrants bring energy, entrepreneurship and fresh ideas to our societies. But there are downsides: young migrants who fail in education, adults who don’t find work and, of course, unregulated migration. Such challenges can make migration a political lightning rod and a topic for angry debate. Drawing on the unique expertise of the OECD,this book moves beyond rhetoric to look at the realities of international migration today: Where do migrants come from and where do they go? How do governments manage migration? How well do migrants perform in education and in the workforce? And does migration help – or hinder – developing countries?
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264055674
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development; Linking Economy, Society, Environment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le développement durable ; À la croisée de l'économie, de la société et de l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development: Linking Economy, Society, Environment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le développement durable : À la croisée de l'économie, de la société et de l'environnement
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Was bedeutet “nachhaltige Entwicklung” tatsächlich? Welchen Einfluss haben Produktion, Konsum und Globalisierung auf Nachhaltigkeit? Wie kann Nachhaltigkeit gemessen werden? Und was können Regierungen, Unternehmen und der Einzelne tun, um nachhaltige Entwicklung zu fördern? Zu vielen Themen, die nachhaltige Entwicklung betreffen, erstellt die OECD Daten und veröffentlicht Empfehlungen für Forschung und Politik; dazu gehören der Klimawandel, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und verantwortungsvolle Unternehmensführung. Die neue Veröffentlichung „Sustainable Development“ aus der Buchreihe „OECD Insights“ stützt sich auf diese Fachkompetenz. Um nachhaltige Entwicklung zu erreichen, müssen die drei Bereiche Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Umwelt zusammen berücksichtigt werden.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264041844
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (159 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices et ouvrages de référence du CAD
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Natural Resources and Pro-Poor Growth; The Economics and Politics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Natural Resources and Pro-Poor Growth: The Economics and Politics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Cette publication démontre que les ressources naturelles peuvent contribuer à la croissance, à l’emploi, aux exportations et aux recettes budgétaires dans les pays à faible revenu où le capital naturel représente un quart de la richesse totale. Elle souligne l’importance de l’adoption de mesures qui encouragent une gestion durable de ces ressources. Elle met enfin en évidence la nécessité de bien appréhender les enjeux politiques de la gestion des ressources naturelles pour favoriser une croissance économique à long terme qui profite aux pauvres. La partie I propose une vue d’ensemble des enjeux économiques et politiques de l’utilisation des ressources naturelles. Elle décrit les caractéristiques propres aux ressources naturelles et les difficultés de gestion qui en résultent, le rôle que peut jouer une gestion durable des ressources naturelles à l’appui d’une croissance pro-pauvres, et les enjeux politiques et en matière de gouvernance associés à ces ressources naturelles. Elle formule ensuite des recommandations à l’intention des responsables des politiques quant aux moyens à mobiliser pour concrétiser les approches préconisées dans la publication. La partie II analyse sept secteurs en particulier : la pêche, la forêt, la faune et la flore sauvages, l’écotourisme, la productivité des sols, la sécurité relative à l’eau, les ressources minérales et les énergies renouvelables.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264061958
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des emplois pour les jeunes/Jobs for Youth; France 2009
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als France
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Frankreich ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France ; Frankreich ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on France contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075740
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration; The Human Face of Globalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les migrations internationales ; Le visage humain de la mondialisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration: The Human Face of Globalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les migrations internationales : Le visage humain de la mondialisation
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Etwa 190 Millionen Menschen leben weltweit außerhalb ihres Herkunftslands. Diese Zuwanderer bereichern unsere Gesellschaften durch ihre Energie, ihren Unternehmergeist und ihre Ideen. Dabei gibt es aber auch negative Aspekte wie schulisches Versagen unter jungen Zuwanderern, Arbeitslosigkeit unter Migranten und natürlich irreguläre Migration. Solche Herausforderungen können die Zuwanderung zu einem politischen Zankapfel und heiß umstrittenen Diskussionsthema machen. Gestützt auf die einzigartige Fachkompetenz der OECD betrachtet diese Publikation die Realitäten internationaler Migration in der heutigen Zeit jenseits aller rhetorischen Floskeln: Woher kommen die Zuwanderer, und wohin gehen sie? Wie steuern die Staaten die Migration? Mit welchem Erfolg nehmen Zuwanderer an Bildung und Arbeitsleben teil? Und hilft Zuwanderung – oder schadet sie – den Entwicklungsländern?
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264060203
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Australia
    DDC: 331.3/40994
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Australien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Whatever the level of qualification, first experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a failure can be difficult to make up. This report contains - for Australia - a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, as well as a set of policy recommendations for further action.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264051096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (139 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Systems
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Turkey
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheitsreform ; Türkei ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Turkey ; Türkei ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: This comprehensive review of Turkey's health care system shows that health status has improved rapidly in Turkey in recent decades, partly as a result of higher health spending. It describes the introduction of an ambitious Health Transformation Programme in 2003 which brought universal health insurance to Turkey in 2008 and has begun the process of public hospital reforms and the rolling out of family-practitioner services throughout the country. Challenges remain, however, including completing the Health Transformation Programme and ensuring that the new health system provides value for money and stays affordable. This report analyses these challenges and sets out policy suggestions aimed at addressing them.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264056039
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regional Challenges of West African Migration; African and European Perspectives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regional Challenges of West African Migration: African and European Perspectives
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Africa, West Emigration and immigration ; Westafrika ; Flüchtling
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage présente des réflexions d’experts internationaux sur les dynamiques migratoires ouest-africaines. Celles-ci apportent un regard nouveau, une approche autre qu’institutionnelle, aux débats actuels essentiellement centrés sur la dimension sécuritaire. Tout en prônant un dialogue plus régulier basé sur une analyse raisonnée des réalités, elles mettent en avant le concept gagnant-gagnant d'une mobilité pour chacune des parties (Europe, Afrique du Nord et Afrique de l'Ouest), quel que soit leur statut, d'accueil, de transit ou de départ.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Regional challenges of West African migration : African and European perspectives
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264049895
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sickness, Disability and Work; Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 3); Denmark, Finland, Ireland and the Netherlands
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sickness, Disability and Work: Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 3): Denmark, Finland, Ireland and the Netherlands
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark ; Finland ; Ireland ; Netherlands ; Sozialpolitik ; Behinderung ; Krankheit ; Rehabilitation ; Integration ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Trop de travailleurs quittent pour toujours le marché du travail pour raison de santé. Et trop de personnes affectées d’un handicap se voient refuser la possibilité de travailler. Ce troisième rapport dans la série Maladie, invalidité et travail analyse les facteurs qui pourraient expliquer ce paradoxe. Il examine particulièrement des cas au Danemark, en Finlande, Irlande et au Pays-Bas et met en lumière le rôle des institutions et des politiques. L'ouvrage recommande un éventail de réformes susceptibles de répondre aux défis auxquels ces quatre pays font face.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107120 , 9789264055803
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration; The Human Face of Globalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration; Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration: The Human Face of Globalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration: Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Globalisierung
    Abstract: À travers le monde, environ 190 millions de personnes vivent dans un autre pays que celui où elles sont nées. Ces migrants sont une source d’énergie, d’esprit d’entreprise et d’idées nouvelles pour nos sociétés. Il y a cependant des inconvénients : certains jeunes migrants sont en échec scolaire, certains adultes ne trouvent pas de travail et il existe bien sûr des flux migratoires non régulés. De tels défis peuvent faire des migrations un enjeu politique incontournable et une question très controversée. Cet ouvrage s’appuie sur l’expertise incomparable de l’OCDE pour dépasser les débats rhétoriques et examiner les réalités des migrations internationales d’aujourd’hui. D’où les migrants viennent-ils et où vont-ils ? Comment les gouvernements gèrent-ils les migrations ? Comment les migrants s’en sortent-ils à l’école et sur le marché du travail ? Et les migrations sont-elles un atout – ou un frein – pour les pays en développement ?
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: International migration : the human face of globalisation
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264066649
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Designing local skills strategies
    DDC: 338.9
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsförderung ; Qualifikation ; Humankapital ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Electronic books ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Ungelernter Arbeiter ; Berufliche Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Angelernter Arbeiter ; Berufliche Qualifikation ; Berufliche Fortbildung
    Abstract: Higher-level skills are increasingly demanded by the knowledge-based economy. But with rising mobility and demographic change, it is no longer so simple to invest in a skilled workforce for the future. Actions are needed on a variety of fronts, including attracting and retaining talent, better integrating disadvantaged groups into the labour force, and upgrading the skills of low-paid workers. Much of the responsibility for these actions falls squarely on the shoulders of local policy makers. Drawing from a wide array of case studies, this book analyses best-practice local strategies for increasing workforce skills. And it also takes a close look at the opportunities and challenges presented by international migration. The in-depth case studies in this report range from Shanghai’s “Highland of Talent Strategy” to new “career ladders” which help immigrants escape low-skilled, low-paid employment in New York. National and local-level recommendations on local skills development are provided, for both OECD and non-OECD countries.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les prix des médicaments sur un marché global ; Politiques et enjeux
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in a Global Market; (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pharmaceutical pricing policies in a global market
    DDC: 338.436151
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Pharmaindustrie ; Arzneimittelmarkt ; Preisregulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Pharmazeutische Industrie ; Preispolitik ; Arzneimittelpreis ; Kostenerstattung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Pharmaceutical policy making raises particular challenges in reconciling key objectives for health policy, such as ensuring affordable access to the latest effective drugs, with other important policy considerations, such as providing support to a valuable national industry. Unusually among health policy issues, it also raises international considerations that further complicate decision making, particularly as the nature and extent of such considerations are not well understood. This report assesses how pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies have contributed to the achievement of certain health policy objectives. It examines the national and transnational effects of these policies, in particular, their implications for the availability of medicines in other countries, the prices of these medicines, and innovation in the pharmaceutical sector. This publication presents an analysis of comparative price levels, making use of a unique dataset to construct the most comprehensive pan-OECD pharmaceutical price index to date. It also draws upon original case studies of pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies in six OECD countries to provide specific examples of the impacts of policies on health system performance.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264058880
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Effective Aid, Better Health
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Ces dernières années, l’aide en faveur de la santé a plus que doublé pour s’établir d’après des sources gouvernementales et privées, autour de 16.7 milliards dollars des ÉU en 2006. Cette aide donne des résultats tangibles, épargnant la vie de millions d’individus et préservant les moyens de subsistance de leur famille. Le défi à relever maintenant consiste à porter le montant de l’aide à des niveaux qui permettent d’atteindre les Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement. L’analyse des tendances observées au cours de la décennie écoulée fait apparaître une fragmentation de l’aide en faveur de la santé en une multitude de petits projets, plus de deux tiers de l’ensemble des engagements portant sur des montants inférieurs à 500 000 dollars des ÉU. Une fraction relativement faible des ressources va directement au budget des pays, et une part importante sert à financer des projets régionaux et plurinationaux. La question de savoir en quoi l’aide peut favoriser la mise en place de systèmes nationaux efficaces revêt une importance particulière dans le secteur de la santé. Il est indispensable que les pays disposent d’hôpitaux et de cliniques bien gérés, d’agents de santé qualifiés et de filières efficientes d’achat de médicaments pour améliorer réellement l’état de santé de leur population.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264049901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p)
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Sustainable development depends on maintaining long-term economic, social, and environmental capital. In failing to make the best use of their female populations, most countries are underinvesting in the human capital needed to assure sustainabilitly. This market and systems failure is discussed in this publication in terms of gender constraints, which are based on the socially-constructed and historically developed roles of men and women. It also illuminates how female contributions can be better realized at present and how strategies can be developed for meeting the needs of future generations. This report is a contribution by the OECD to the UN Commission on Sustainable Development and its cross-cutting work on gender.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264048829
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (540 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Complementary and private pensions throughout the world 2008
    DDC: 331.252
    RVK:
    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Private Altersvorsorge ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Rentenversicherung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This comprehensive and in-depth reference work provides detailed information on the regulation and supervision of voluntary and mandatory occupational pension plans as well as mandatory private pension schemes in 58 countries worldwide. Designed to be complementary to Social Security Programs throughout the World, each country profile contains information on the regulatory framework, the institutional framework, coverage, financing/investment, benefit provisions, benefit adjustment, disability, protection of rights, and regulatory and supervisory authorities. Complementary and Private Pensions Throughout the World 2008 is the product of the cooperative efforts of three key international bodies in the area of pensions: the International Social Security Association (ISSA), the International Organisation of Pension Supervisors (IOPS) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264049208
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Norway
    DDC: 331.3409599
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Norwegen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youth on the labour market is a crucial challenge in many OECD countries and first experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on Norway, one of a series of country studies, surveys the main barriers to employment for young people in Norway, assesses of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school to work in the country, and presents set of policy recommendations. It finds that on most counts, the youth labour market in Norway performs well, but that the incidence of sickness and disability is unusually high, immigrant youth do not fare as well, and more needs to be done to ensure that all youth leave education with recognised qualifications.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264050792
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Looming Crisis in the Health Workforce; How Can OECD Countries Respond?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La situation mondiale étant d'ores et déjà caracterisée par des flux migratoires internationaux importants, les pays de l'OCDE seront confrontés à une demande croissante en médecins et en infirmiers au cours des vingt prochaines années. Cet ouvrage présente des faits nouveaux sur chacune de ces questions et trace quelques pistes pour la marche à suivre dans l'avenir. Il résulte d'un projet conjointement mené par l'OCDE et l'OMS sur la gestion des ressources humaines dans le secteur de la santé et des migrations internationales.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Japan
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Japan ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan ; Japan ; Jugend ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youth on the labour market is a crucial challenge in many OECD countries and first experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on Japan, one of a series of country studies, surveys the main barriers to employment for young people in Japan, assesses of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school to work in the country, and presents set of policy recommendations.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264055605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (334 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les migrants et l'emploi (Vol. 2) ; L'intégration sur le marché du travail en Belgique, en France, aux Pays-Bas et au Portugal
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les migrants et l'emploi (Vol. 2)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jobs for immigrants ; Vol. 2: Labour market integration in Belgium, France, The Netherlands and Portugal
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migranten ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Soziale Integration ; Belgien ; Frankreich ; Niederlande ; Portugal ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; France ; Netherlands ; Portugal ; Belgien ; Einwanderer ; Generation 2 ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Integration ; Frankreich ; Niederlande ; Portugal
    Abstract: When immigrants arrive in a new country, they are confronted with new labour market requirements such as language proficiency, familiarity with job search procedures and work practices which they are not always able to satisfy. These obstacles affect not only new immigrants, but, surprisingly, their children too, even if the children are born and educated in the receiving country. This publication presents reviews of the labour market integration of immigrants and their children in four OECD countries (Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Portugal), and provides country-specific recommendations. Governments have a role to play in promoting language and vocational training, and encouraging diversity in the workplace. Immigrants themselves must accept the requirements of the host country employers. The viability of future migration policies, in particular greater recourse to immigration, will depend to a large extent on how successful OECD countries and immigrants are in achieving these objectives.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264045811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Serbia
    Abstract: To catch up with more advanced economies, Serbia urgently needs to improve the functioning of its labour market. This report reviews labour market trends and the principle challenges to labour market policy, making a series of recommendations. Despite many reforms, new business growth until now has been far too slow to compensate for job losses elsewhere. Recent reforms of labour law should be followed up by further efforts to improve the climate for business and productive work. Labour regulations must be flexible, but they should also be enforced more consistently. For all this to happen, it is essential that an effective social dialogue can take place and that it encompasses expanding and declining segments of the labour market.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264046474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als United Kingdom
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Getting off to a good start in one's working life facilitates integration into the world of work and lays the foundation for a good career, while a failure can be difficult to make up. This report on the UK report contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264046498
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des emplois pour les jeunes/Jobs for Youth ; Canada 2008
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Canada
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Kanada ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Kanada ; Jugend ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youth on the labour market is a crucial challenge in OECD countries facing persistent youth unemployment. As labour markets become more and more selective, a lack of relevant skills brings a higher risk of unemployment. Whatever the level of qualification, first experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on Canada contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school to work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 121 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.40
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada
    Abstract: This report examines the role played by immigrant health workers in the Canadian health workforce but also the interactions between migration policies and education and health workforce management policies. Migrant health worker makes a significant contribution to the Canadian health workforce. Around 2005-06, more than 22% of the doctors were foreign-trained and 37% were foreign-born. The corresponding figures for nurses are close to 7.7% and 20%, respectively. Foreign-trained doctors play an important role in rural areas as they contribute to filling the gaps. In most rural areas, on average, 30% of the physicians were foreign-trained in 2004. Over past decades the evolution of the health workforce in Canada has been characterised notably by a sharp decline in the density of nurses and a stable density of doctors, which is in contrast with the trends observed in other OECD countries. This evolution is largely the result of measures were adopted at the end of the 1980s and early 1990s in order to address a perceived health workforce surplus.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264049826
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Maladie, invalidité et travail ; surmonter les obstacles (Vol. 3) ; Danemark, Finlande, Irlande et Pays-Bas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Maladie, invalidité et travail
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Denmark, Finland, Ireland and the Netherlands
    Keywords: Erwerbsunfähigkeit ; Krankheit ; Dänemark ; Finnland ; Irland ; Niederlande ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark ; Finland ; Ireland ; Netherlands ; Dänemark ; Finnland ; Irland ; Niederlande ; Krankheit ; Erwerbsunfähigkeit
    Abstract: Too many workers leave the labour market permanently due to health problems, and yet too many people with a disabling condition are denied the opportunity to work. This third report in the OECD series Sickness, Disability and Work explores the possible factors behind this paradox. It looks specifically at the cases of Denmark, Finland, Ireland and the Netherlands, and highlights the roles of institutions and policies. A range of reform recommendations is put forward to deal with specific challenges facing the four countries.
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.20
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the present mental health care information systems in 18 OECD countries with the aim to explore the possibilities for measuring the quality of mental health care and identify potential indicators to be included in OECD’s HCQI set. A survey was conducted to support this analysis. The questionnaire sought to gather information on three areas of interest for the description of national information systems linked to mental health services: Types of mental health data available at system level; data sources available at national level; and institutional arrangements framing ownership and use of the information system. An additional section was included to assess potential improvements in availability of the indicators recommended in OECD Health Technical Paper 17, updating the availability survey conducted in 2005.
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 242 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This publication was prepared to support the overall work of the OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Project in developing a set of indicators that can be used to raise questions for investigation concerning the quality of care across countries. It provides a manual to facilitate cross national comparisons of indicators for patient safety through the provision of detailed practical advice on calculating each indicator in a selected set of Patient Safety Indicators (PSI) utilising national hospital administrative databases...
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264041295
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Netherlands
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Niederlande ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youth on the labour market is a crucial challenge in OECD countries facing persistent youth unemployment. As labour markets become more and more selective, a lack of relevant skills brings a higher risk of unemployment. Whatever the level of qualification, first experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. OECD has launched a series of reports on the school-to-work transition process in sixteen countries including the Netherlands. Each report contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044210
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (342 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?; Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mehr Ungleichheit trotz Wachstum?; Einkommensverteilung und Armut in OECD-Ländern
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Croissance et inégalités réunit de nombreuses analyses de la distribution des ressources économiques dans les pays de l'OCDE. Les données présentées sur la distribution des revenus et la pauvreté couvrent, pour la première fois, l'ensemble des 30 pays de l'OCDE au milieu des années 2000. En outre, des informations sur les évolutions observées depuis le milieu des années 80 sont fournies pour environ deux tiers d'entre eux. Cet ouvrage décrit également les inégalités dans divers domaines (tels que le patrimoine des ménages, les modes de consommation ou les services publics en nature) qui sont généralement exclus des analyses classiques sur la distribution des ressources économiques entre les individus et les ménages. Le lecteur trouvera dans ce rapport les informations les plus complètes, objectives et à jour qui soient. Il s’agit d’une référence essentielle pour permettre aux pouvoirs publics d'éviter un accroissement des inégalités sans sacrifier pour autant l'efficience de l'économie.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264040687
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: La recherche et l'innovation dans l'enseignement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Higher Education to 2030, Volume 1, Demography
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les changements démographiques déterminent les politiques sociales : la majorité des pays de l’OCDE voient leur population vieillir et comporter plus de migrants et de « minorités ». Au Japon et en Corée, les effectifs étudiants de l’enseignement supérieur ont commencé à baisser, alors qu’ils devraient connaître une forte croissance en Turquie ou au Mexique. À partir de tendances et de projections, cet ouvrage étudie dans le détail toutes ces questions à la fois sur les plans qualitatif et quantitatif. Il examine entre autres l’impact des changements démographiques sur les effectifs étudiants, sur les niveaux d’éducation, sur le personnel enseignant et sur les choix politiques. Il s’intéresse par exemple aux politiques d’accès à l’enseignement supérieur et à leur effet sur la taille et la composition des effectifs, en examinant notamment les cas des étudiants handicapés et des migrants. L’analyse couvre la plupart des pays de l’OCDE et est illustrée par les exemples spécifiques de la Corée, de la France, des États-Unis et du Japon.Ce volume est le premier de la série L’enseignement supérieur à l’horizon 2030 qui analyse de manière prospective l’impact des différentes tendances actuelles sur l’enseignement supérieur. Les deux volumes suivants observeront les effets de la technologie et de la mondialisation, et le quatrième présentera des scénarios sur l’avenir de l’enseignement supérieur.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264055742 , 9789264107090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le développement durable ; À la croisée de l'économie, de la société et de l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Umwelt im Zusammenhang betrachtet
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strange, Tracey Sustainable development
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: This book takes a careful look at the concept of sustainable development. What does it mean? How is it affected by production, consumption and globalisation? How it can be measured, and what can be done to promote it? The OECD produces data, research and policy recommendations on many issues related to sustainable development, including climate change, co-operation with developing countries and corporate social responsibility. OECD Insights: Sustainable Development draws on that expertise. It argues that to be sustainable, development has to be based on progress in three areas at once: the economy, society and the environment.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264046726
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Series Statement: Des emplois pour les jeunes/Jobs for Youth
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes; Canada 2008
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada
    Abstract: Face à la persistance du chômage des jeunes, leur insertion dans l'emploi reste une préoccupation majeure des pays de l'OCDE. Le marché du travail est de plus en plus sélectif et un manque de diplômes accroît le désavantage comparatif. Quel que soit le niveau de diplôme, les premières expériences sur le marché du travail à la sortie de l’école conditionnent fortement la trajectoire professionnelle. Ce rapport sur le Canada analyse les principales barrières à l'emploi des jeunes et évalue la pertinence et l'efficacité des dispositifs existants pour faciliter la transition de l'école à l'emploi. Il présente également une série de recommandations.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264029422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mobilités ouest-africaines et politiques migratoires des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als West African mobility and migration policies of OECD countries
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Migration ; Westafrika ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Africans Migrations ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Africa, West Emigration and immigration ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Government policy ; Westafrika ; Einwanderung
    Abstract: This publication reviews migration policies in the main OECD countries receiving West African migrants and analyses the recent discussions within Europe. This report lists common approaches undertaken in Europe, Africa and West Africa and aims to shed light on decision makers’ strategic thinking. It provides the greater public with an objective understanding of this recent dynamic.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités ; Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mehr Ungleichheit trotz Wachstum?; Einkommensverteilung und Armut in OECD-Ländern
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités : Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mehr Ungleichheit trotz Wachstum?: Einkommensverteilung und Armut in OECD-Ländern
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Growing unequal?
    DDC: 339.2/2
    RVK:
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Armut ; Sozialpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Einkommensverteilung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Armut
    Abstract: Growing Unequal? brings together a range of analyses on the distribution of economic resources in OECD countries. The evidence on income distribution and poverty covers, for the first time, all 30 OECD countries in the mid-2000s, while information on trends extending back to the mid-1980s is provided for around two-thirds of the countries. The report also describes inequalities in a range of domains (such as household wealth, consumption patterns, in-kind public services) that are typically excluded from conventional discussion about the distribution of economic resources among individuals and households. The report provides evidence of a fairly generalised increase in income inequality over the past two decades across the OECD, but the timing, intensity and causes of the increase differ from what is typically suggested in the media. Precisely how much inequality there is in a society is not determined randomly, nor is it beyond the power of governments to change, so long as they take note of the sort of up-to-date evidence included in this report. This report includes StatLinks, URLs linking tables and graphs in the book to Excel® spreadsheets containing the data.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264047952
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le capital humain ; Comment le savoir détermine notre vie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital humano ; Cómo influye en su vida lo que usted sabe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life (Croatian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital: How what you know shapes your life
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le capital humain : Comment le savoir détermine notre vie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital humano : Cómo influye en su vida lo que usted sabe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital: How what you know shapes your life (Croatian version)
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Welche Auswirkungen haben Bildung und Lernen auf unsere Gesellschaften und Volkswirtschaften? Wie lassen sich Ungleichheiten in der Bildung beseitigen? Und wie können wir gewährleisten, dass jeder Einzelne in allen Lebensphasen die Art von Lernmöglichkeit erhält, die ihm den größtmöglichen Nutzen bringt und durch die er sein Humankapital voll entfalten kann? Dieser Bericht erläutert die zunehmende Bedeutung des Humankapitals für den Einzelnen und für die Gesellschaft bei der Bewältigung des sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Wandels. Ferner wird untersucht, inwiefern es den Ländern gelingt, die Menschen Zeit ihres Lebens durch die Bereitstellung von Aus- und Weiterbildungsangeboten zu unterstützen.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264024809
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices et ouvrages de référence du CAD
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promoting Pro-Poor Growth; Policy Guidance for Donors
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Policy Guidance for Donors
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Pour les donneurs de l'aide au développement, l’objectif de croissance favorable aux pauvres appelle à un changement de comportement, et une action, même renforcée, s’inscrivant dans la continuité du passé n’y suffira pas. L'étude Vers une croissance pro-pauvres, centrée sur la croissance favorable aux pauvres, recense les principaux obstacles à l’instauration d’une telle croissance et propose des politiques et des stratégies pour les surmonter. Les recommandations qui y sont formulées visent à induire un changement de comportement chez les donneurs et à rehausser ainsi l’efficacité de la coopération pour le développement. Dans cet ouvrage, une attention particulière est prêtée au rôle du développement du secteur privé, de l’agriculture et des infrastructures vers une croissance favorable aux pauvres. Ces divers domaines, que de nombreux donneurs ont négligés dans les années 90, suscitent aujourd’hui un regain d’intérêt dans le cadre du programme d’action international pour le développement. Il expose aussi une méthodologie pour la conduite d’appréciations préalables de l’impact sur la pauvreté, outil qui se révélera précieux pour tous ceux qui souhaitent optimiser l’effet des actions de développement en matière de réduction de la pauvreté.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.31
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of Slovakia's pharmaceutical sector, and assesses the degree to which Slovakia has achieved certain policy goals. Pharmaceutical expenditure in Slovakia accounts for a higher share of total health expenditure than it does in any other OECD country, and the share of national income going to pharmaceuticals is exceeded only in Hungary. Although its relatively low national income is a partial explanation for Slovakia's status in this respect, this review finds that Slovakia has scope to reduce its expenditures and the rapid rate of growth in its pharmaceutical spending. Financing of pharmaceutical expenditure in Slovakia rests more heavily on the public sector than is typical in the OECD, with out-of-pocket spending accounting for just a quarter of total expenditure. The effectiveness of international price referencing in limiting Slovak prices for on-patent pharmaceutical products is questionable. For products that have gone off-patent and for those with similar chemical structure, a reference-pricing scheme and competition among generic alternatives results in effective price control, although incentives for generic substitution are weak (for patients) and misaligned (for pharmacists). When deciding whether a drug will be reimbursed through the social insurance scheme, the cost-effectiveness of new pharmaceuticals is not assessed. On the other hand, certain policy goals have been achieved. The accessibility and availability of medicines--including the most innovative products--is good; affordability is supported by relatively low average co-payment levels. While more expensive drugs usually have higher cost-sharing, drugs are not excluded from coverage on affordability grounds.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264032460
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life; A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life; A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries (Korean version)
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Établir un équilibre convenable entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle est un enjeu auquel tous les parents sont confrontés. Certaines personnes voudraient avoir des enfants, ou un plus grand nombre, mais ne voient pas comment concilier cette responsabilité et leur situation professionnelle. D’autres parents sont heureux du nombre d’enfants que compte la famille mais souhaiteraient travailler davantage. D’autres encore, comblés par leur situation familiale, aimeraient aussi parfois avoir des horaires de travail différents ou réduire leur temps de travail pour s’occuper davantage de leurs enfants. Ce rapport synthétise les résultats des treize volumes précédents et étend son étude à d’autres pays de l’OCDE. Il étudie les systèmes de fiscalité/prestations, les congés parentaux, les systèmes de garde d’enfants et les pratiques professionnelles en entreprise.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264041868
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als New Zealand
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Neuseeland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; New Zealand ; Neuseeland ; Jugend ; Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youth on the labour market is a crucial challenge in OECD countries facing persistent youth unemployment. As labour markets become more and more selective, a lack of relevant skills brings a higher risk of unemployment. Whatever the level of qualification, first experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a failure can be difficult to make up. OECD has launched a series of reports on the school-to-work transition process in sixteen countries including New Zealand. Each report contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.This report is based on the proceedings of a seminar and is published in English only. However, a French translation of the summary and main recommendations has been included in this volume.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264107106 , 9789264055773
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development; Linking Economy, Society, Environment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Umwelt im Zusammenhang betrachtet
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development: Linking Economy, Society, Environment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nachhaltige Entwicklung: Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Umwelt im Zusammenhang betrachtet
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage examine minutieusement le concept de développement durable. Que signifie-t-il ? Quel rôle jouent la mondialisation, la production et la consommation ? Et comment peut-on mesurer et promouvoir le développement durable ? L'OCDE fournit des données, mène des recherches et formule des orientations politiques dans de nombreux domaines liés au développement durable, tels que le changement climatique, la coopération avec les pays en développement et la responsabilité sociale des entreprises. En s’appuyant sur cette expertise, Les essentiels de l‘OCDE : Le développement durable soutient que le développement durable doit procéder de progrès réalisés simultanément dans trois domaines : l’économie, la société et l’environnement.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264050440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les personnels de santé dans les pays de l'OCDE ; Comment répondre à la crise imminente ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The looming crisis in the health workforce
    DDC: 331.1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gesundheitsberufe ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Medizinisches Personal ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: In a world which is already characterised by significant international migration of health workers, OECD countries face a challenge in responding to the growing demand for doctors and nurses over the next 20 years. This book provides new information on the migration of health workers and migration policies and identifies possible ways forward. It is the main outcome of a joint OECD-WHO project on the management of health-related human resources and international migration.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264047754
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (165 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Attirer les talents ; Les travailleurs hautement qualifiés au cœur de la concurrence internationale
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La competición global por el talento ; Movilidad de los trabajadores altamente cualificados
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The global competition for talent
    DDC: 658.3131
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Brain Drain ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Fachkraft ; Internationale Mobilität
    Abstract: This publication discusses the dimensions, significance, and policy implications of international flows of human resources in science and technology. The international mobility of highly skilled workers is increasing in scale and complexity as more economies participate in R&D and innovation activity. Mobile talent diffuses knowledge both directly and indirectly across borders. This can boost global innovation performance, with benefits accruing to both sending and receiving countries. It is clear that mobility is leading to an increasing level of labour-market internationalisation and integration, and competition for talent is now influencing innovation policy initiatives across the globe. Most countries offer a range of policies focused on assisting and encouraging mobility, although few have a specific and coherent mobility strategy. Many nations aim to attract the same pool of highly skilled talent; thus, relying on international flows to fill existing or future gaps in supply may entail risks. Addressing shortcomings in national policies that may limit domestic supply of skilled workers, and ensuring that the wider environment for innovation and scientific endeavour is sound, are key policy challenges for countries.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264027039
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Policy Coherence for Development 2007; Migration and Developing Countries
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Le rapport annuel du Centre de Développement sur la cohérences des politiques du développement a pour thème la migration. Cet ouvrage examine quels sont les coûts et les avantages des migrations pour les pays en développement et comment ces flux peuvent être mieux organisés pour que toutes les parties concernées en bénéficient, qu’il s’agisse des pays de départ ou de destination des migrants ou encore des migrants eux-mêmes. L'ouvrage fait le point sur nos connaissances des effets des migrations sur le développement afin de répondre à ces questions. Ses recommandations s’adressent aussi bien aux pays de départ qu’aux pays de destination des migrants. Elles s’appuient sur un grand nombre d’études de cas nationales et régionales coordonnées par le Centre de développement de l’OCDE pour mettre en lumière les interactions entre migrations et développement : effets sur le marché du travail, exode des compétences, transferts de fonds, réseaux de la diaspora et migrations de retour.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264031814
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. West African Mobility and Migration Policies of OECD Countries
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Cette publication analyse les politiques migratoires des principaux pays de l'OCDE accueillant des migrants ouest-africains et analyse les récentes avancées des discussions européennes. Elle met côte à côte les processus d’approche commune qui sont engagés en Europe, en Afrique et Afrique de l’Ouest et éclaire la réflexion des décideurs. Cet ouvrage permet également à un public plus large d'appréhender de manière objective ce phénomène d’actualité.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264047778
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (187 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Global Competition for Talent; Mobility of the Highly Skilled
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La competición global por el talento ; Movilidad de los trabajadores altamente cualificados
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Cette publication s’appuie sur la littérature analytique, les données disponibles les plus récentes ainsi que les riches inventaires et évaluations des politiques effectués par certains pays membres et pays observateurs pour discuter des dimensions, de l’importance et des implications en termes de politique des flux internationaux de ressources humaines en science et technologie (RHST). Elle vise à élargir la compréhension par les pays membres de l’OCDE de la mobilité des RHST, en particulier des scientifiques, ingénieurs et chercheurs, et de l’éventail des politiques disponibles pour gérer et façonner cette mobilité, en faisant la synthèse des analyses de la mobilité internationale, du transfert de savoir et de l’innovation, et des politiques publiques en la matière.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044173
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in a Global Market
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in a Global Market; (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: La formulation des politiques pharmaceutiques soulève des difficultés spécifiques liées à la nécessité de concilier, d’une part, des objectifs essentiels de la politique de santé – garantir l’accessibilité financière des tout derniers médicaments efficaces, par exemple – et, d’autre part, des objectifs non négligeables de l’action publique, tels que le soutien à une industrie nationale de grande valeur. De façon inhabituelle dans la sphère de la politique de santé, ce travail d’élaboration soulève également des aspects internationaux qui, notamment lorsque leur nature et leur ampleur sont mal comprises, compliquent le processus décisionnel. Ce rapport évalue la contribution des politiques tarifaires relatives aux prix de vente et au remboursement des produits pharmaceutiques à la réalisation de certains objectifs des politiques de santé. Il examine les effets nationaux et transnationaux de ces dernières, et notamment leurs répercussions sur la disponibilité de médicaments dans d’autres pays, sur leurs prix et sur l’innovation dans le secteur pharmaceutique. Cette publication présente une analyse comparative des niveaux des prix fondée sur un ensemble de données unique qui a permis d’élaborer l’indice pan-OCDE des prix pharmaceutiques le plus complet à ce jour. Elle s’inspire également d’études de cas nouvelles des politiques tarifaires relatives aux prix de vente et au remboursement des produits pharmaceutiques, menées dans six pays de l’OCDE, pour donner des exemples précis des incidences de l’action publique sur les performances des systèmes de santé.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264038318
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration Outlook 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives des migrations internationales 2007
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: In dieser jährlich erscheinenden Publikation werden die jüngsten Trendentwicklungen im Bereich der Migrationsbewegungen und -politik in diesen Ländern analysiert. Der Bericht unterstreicht die wachsende Bedeutung der Zuzüge von hochqualifizierten Arbeitskräften, temporären Arbeitsmigranten und Studierenden. Ferner wird die verstärkte Zuwanderung aus Indien, China, Osteuropa und Afrika hervorgehoben und der Trend zu einer zunehmenden Feminisierung der Migrationsströme bestätigt. Ein weiteres Schwerpunktthema dieser Ausgabe sind die Beschäftigungssituation und die Erwerbsquoten der Zuwanderer, insbesondere im Dienstleistungssektor. Es werden Regelungen zur Verbesserung des Migrationsmanagements untersucht. Die internationale Zusammenarbeit zur Verbesserung der Grenzkontrollen und Bekämpfung der illegalen Zuwanderung wird eingehend analysiert. Außerdem werden die Auswirkungen der EU-Erweiterung auf den Zustrom von Arbeitsmigranten in OECD-Ländern evaluiert. Zwei Sonderkapitel sind den Themen Bildung und Zuwanderung im Gesundheitssektor gewidmet. Zusätzlich gibt es Länderbeiträge mit standardisierten Tabellen und einen statistischen Anhang mit den neuesten Daten über Ausländer und im Ausland geborene Personen sowie über Migrationsströme und Einbürgerungen.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264039889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The social economy
    DDC: 338.74
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Nonprofit-Bereich ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Osteuropa ; Südosteuropa
    Abstract: Social economy -- also known as 'non-profit' or 'third sector' -- organisations have grown in number and relevance, contributing to employment, social inclusion, democratic participation and community building. Much remains to be done, however, to create the necessary enabling environment to support their creation and development and to mainstream the sector in economic and social policies. This publication offers new insights into the economic theory of social economy organisations, their role in an evolving political and economic context, and the links to local development and the empowerment of users. Building on theoretical and empirical developments in OECD member countries, the publication also presents the main challenges for the social economy in Central East and South East Europe. Recommendations for action are included.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264029132
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre le cerveau ; Naissance d'une science de l'apprentissage
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La comprensión del cerebro; El nacimiento de una ciencia del aprendizaje
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This book provides new insights about learning by synthesising existing and emerging findings from cognitive and brain science and exploring how this new information might impact teaching, parenting, and educational policy making. It shows what the latest brain imaging techniques and other advances in the neurosciences actually reveal about how the brain develops and operates at different stages in life from birth to old age and how the brain is involved in acquiring skills such as reading and counting. It also presents scientific insights into what happens when the brain malfunctions in conditions such as dyslexia or Alzheimer's disease. China Education Daily nominated this book as one of the "100 most influential education books for teachers" on December 15, 2011.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264037960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (219 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Structural change in fisheries
    DDC: 338.3727
    RVK:
    Keywords: Fischwirtschaft ; Fischereipolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Fischereipolitik ; Fischwirtschaft ; Fischerei ; Sozialer Wandel
    Abstract: Declining fish stocks and expanding fishing fleets have combined with growing competition from aquaculture to put increased pressure on the fishing sector to adjust the size and nature of its operations in many countries. In some fishing communities, almost sixty percent of jobs are linked to fishing and in many coastal areas there are few alternative employment opportunities for fishers. This conference proceedings analyses the social issues and policy challenges that arise from fisheries adjustment policies, and how OECD member countries are meeting those challenges.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264026100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La cohérence des politiques au service du développement 2007 ; Migrations et pays en développement
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Policy coherence for development 2007
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Brain Drain ; Rücküberweisungen ; Migrationspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Migration
    Abstract: This edition of the Development Centre's annual report on policy coherence focuses on migration. The book examines the costs and benefits of migration for developing countries and how these flows can be better organised to yield greater benefits for all parties concerned -- migrant-sending countries, migrant-receiving countries, and the migrants themselves. It takes stock of what we know about the effects of migration on development, and distills from that knowledge a set of policy recommendations for sending and receiving countries alike. It draws on a large number of country and regional case studies co-ordinated by the OECD Development Centre to illustrate the mechanisms that link migration and development: labour-market effects, brain drain, remittances, diaspora networks and return migration.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264030428
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (117 p.)
    Series Statement: Des emplois pour les jeunes/Jobs for Youth
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Belgique
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Belgien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; Belgien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Face à la persistance du chômage des jeunes, leur insertion dans l'emploi reste une préoccupation majeure des pays de l'OCDE. L'OCDE a lancé une série de rapports dans une quinzaine de pays, dont la Belgique. Chaque rapport fait le tour des principales barrières à l'emploi des jeunes et évalue la pertinence et l'efficacité des dispositifs existants pour faciliter la transition de l'école à l'emploi. Chaque ouvrage présente également une série de recommandations sur les politiques que les autorités publiques et les partenaires sociaux devraient mener.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107014 , 9789264029095 , 9789264048669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le capital humain ; Comment le savoir détermine notre vie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Humankapital; Wie Wissen unser Leben bestimmt
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital humano ; Cómo influye en su vida lo que usted sabe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life (Croatian version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Keeley, Brian Human capital
    DDC: 338.4737
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Humankapital ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Humankapital
    Abstract: This first book in the new OECD Insights Series examines the increasing economic and social importance of human capital - our education, skills, competencies, and knowledge. As economies in developed countries shift away from manufacturing, economic success for individuals and national economies is increasingly reliant on the quality of human capital. Raising human capital has emerged as a key policy priority, particularly for low-skilled individuals, who are at risk of being left even further behind. Policy in this area is focusing on early childhood development, improving quality and choice in schooling, creating excellence in tertiary education, and widening access to adult learning. Drawing on the research and analysis of the OECD, this dynamic new book uses straightforward language to explain how countries across the OECD area are responding to the challenge of raising their levels of human capital. This book includes Statlinks, URLs linking statistical tables and graphs in the text of the book to Excel spreadsheets showing the underlying data.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264033603
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jobs for immigrants ; Vol. 1: Labour market integration in Australia, Denmark, Germany and Sweden
    DDC: 331.62091722
    RVK:
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migranten ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Soziale Integration ; Australien ; Dänemark ; Deutschland ; Schweden ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Denmark ; Germany ; Sweden ; Australien ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Einwanderer ; Integration ; Dänemark ; Deutschland ; Schweden
    Abstract: When immigrants arrive in a new country, they are confronted with new labour market requirements such as language proficiency, familiarity with job search procedures and work practices which they are not always able to satisfy. These obstacles affect not only new immigrants, but, surprisingly, their children too, even if the children are born and educated in the receiving country. This publication presents reviews of the labour market integration of immigrants and their children in four OECD countries (Australia, Denmark, Germany and Sweden), and provides country-specific recommendations. Governments have a role to play in promoting language and vocational training, and encouraging diversity in the workplace. Immigrants themselves must accept the requirements of the host country employers. The viability of future migration policies, in particular greater recourse to immigration, will depend to a large extent on how successful OECD countries and immigrants are in achieving these objectives.
    Note: Zs.fassung in franz. Sprache
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264032477
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille ; Synthèse des résultats dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life; A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life: A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Babies and bosses ; [Vol. 5]: A synthesis of findings for OECD countries
    DDC: 331.25
    Keywords: Familie ; Familienpolitik ; Kinder ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; OECD-Staaten ; Child care ; Family policy ; Parental leave Government policy ; Work and family ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Berufstätigkeit ; Kind ; Erziehung ; Familienleben ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Finding a suitable work/family life balance is a challenge that all parents face. Some people would like to have (more) children, but do not see how they could match that commitment with their employment situation. Other parents are happy with the number of children in their family, but would like to work more. Yet other parents who are happy with their family situation, may wish to work at different hours, or reduce hours worked to spend more time with their children. This book synthesises the finding of the 13 individual country reviews published previously and extends the scope to include other OECD countries, examining tax/benefit policies, parental leave systems, child care support, and workplace practices. "...a good source for a socio-political analysis of OECD countries and comparative political hypothesis testing." -Stan Silverberg, Catawba College "...a great way of helping students learn to read and interpret graphical data." -Ken Wedding, author of The AP Comparative Government and Politics Examination: What You Need to Know, Second Edition
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Synthèse des résultats dans les pays de l'OECD
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264040809
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Korea
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youths in the labour market is a crucial challenge in OECD countries facing persistent youth unemployment. This report, part of a series which looks at the school-to-work transition process in sixteen countries, contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people in Korea, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264032439
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Empleo juvenil; España
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Empleo juvenil: España
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Spain
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Spanien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain ; Spanien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youth in the labour market is a crucial challenge in OECD countries facing persistent youth unemployment. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a poor beginning can be difficult to make up. Part of a series of reports on the school-to-work transition process in 16 countries, this report surveys the main barriers to employment for young people in Spain and assesses the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school to work. The report includes a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners in Spain.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264027077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sweden
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ältere Menschen ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Alter
    Abstract: As the share of the population aged 65 and over grows rapidly in the next decades across most of the OECD, the number of fall-related injuries could rise dramatically, and with it, the strains on hospitals, medical services, social services and public budgets. This OECD review of risk management policies focuses on Sweden because, with the ageing of its society already at a quite advanced stage, it exemplifies many of the current and future problems that OECD countries face in addressing fall-related injuries and fatalities among the elderly. The report looks at Sweden's policies in the area of older people's safety and well-being, seeking out and identifying good practices and areas where improvements could be made. It offers lessons that other countries can also draw from. While the report underscores the importance of the management of fall accidents, it also emphasizes the more general point that multidisciplinary and forward-looking approaches to safety and risk are essential for any policy concerning older people.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.25
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    Abstract: This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of Mexico's pharmaceutical sector, and assesses the degree to which Mexico has achieved certain policy goals. This paper questions the effectiveness of the maximum price regulation. It notes that retail prices for pharmaceuticals are relatively high, although proximity to the United States may have some influence. Although not wholly successful in containing overall drug expenditures, the federal government can claim some measure of success for the public sector market. A high reliance on out-of-pocket spending brings into question the sustainability of financing pharmaceuticals in Mexico. It also contributes to greater inequality, although a new health insurance scheme, the Seguro Popular, is addressing the latter with some success as it endeavours to provide coverage for the half of Mexico's population without health insurance. Finally, the paper acknowledges the government.s efforts in improving efficiency of expenditures and quality of care through new bioequivalency requirements for generics. However, an unintended side-effect of the loss of low cost, non-bioequivalent drugs may be higher average prices for pharmaceuticals.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.58
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper discusses broad trends in the rates and levels of international migration over the past three decades, the places that migrants leave from and the destinations they choose; and some of the demographic and policy implications of these trends. It raises some features of international mobility trends over the past three decades that are, superficially, somewhat contradictory: stable rates of emigration but growing numbers of emigrants; and an apparent dynamism in the flow but a stable concentration of migrants going to more developed nations. On the one hand, these facts can be somewhat simply resolved by reference to the demographic divide between the less and more developed world. On the other hand, these facts hold implications for the past and future impacts of admission policies on international mobility.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.28
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of the Swedish pharmaceutical sector, assesses the degree to which Sweden has achieved certain policy goals, and puts forth some key findings and conclusions. Thanks to low mark-ups in the distribution chain and no VAT for prescribed medicines, Sweden's public prices for pharmaceuticals are relatively low, in contrast to average prices received by manufacturers, which are among the highest in Europe. Recent reforms have helped to restrain pharmaceutical expenditure growth, following a period of double digit growth in the 1990s. Pharmaceutical expenditure per capita in Sweden is lower than the OECD average. Only five OECD countries devote less of their national income to pharmaceuticals. What limited evidence exists tends to suggest that relatively low pharmaceutical expenditures in Sweden are due to its low public prices, rather than to low levels of consumption. Sweden introduced a new pricing and reimbursement scheme in 2002. Its main features are the use of cost-effectiveness analysis for determining the reimbursement status of new pharmaceuticals and mandatory substitution of the lowest-cost generic alternative. The use of cost-effectiveness analysis in reimbursement decisions helps to relate the reimbursement price paid to the social value of the product, but does not necessarily result in the lowest possible price.The generic substitution policy has enabled Sweden to achieve fairly high penetration of generic drugs into the market in terms of volume, with a considerably low share of the total value of the market. However, the requirement to substitute only the lowest-priced listed drug risks undermining the competitiveness of the generic drug industry...
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264012035
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion ; L'aide sociale en Belgique, en Norvège, aux Pays-Bas et en République tchèque
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion : L'aide sociale en Belgique, en Norvège, aux Pays-Bas et en République tchèque
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; Czech Republic ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Isolation
    Abstract: Institutions whose goal is to help those at the margins have been a feature of social life for centuries. Today, social assistance institutions have integration and encouragement as their goal. They seek to avoid exclusion and stigmatisation.Poverty can tear at the fabric of society. However, preventing hardship among those with no resources while reducing exclusion and marginalisation is no easy task. How can social assistance best balance these goals, minimising disincentives to paid employment? What can be done to promote independence and individual responsibility?This book compares the social assistance policies of Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway. Although at first sight these countries appear very different, in fact the same policy dilemmas exist in the four countries. That local action is necessary to identify and help the excluded is accepted, but the balance between ensuring that sufficient resources are available at the local level while limiting budgets so as to ensure efficient use of resources is a continuing preoccupation. Governments stress their commitment to combat poverty, but benefits cannot be raised too high because this would harm work incentives. Different institutions sometimes disagree about whether benefit recipients are "job ready" or whether more social help is needed. No country has yet found a policy package which prevents exclusion, but innovative policies in each of these four countries are proving successful in limiting its extent.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 104 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.59
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Luxembourg’s unemployment rate - which was extremely low in the 1970s and 1980s, and in the 1990s increased considerably but still remained low compared with other countries - has since 2004 been close to 5%. This report first compares Luxembourg’s experience with that of "reference countries", which also provide a high level of social protection. as measured by the level of unemployment insurance and minimum income benefits. The country’s small size and the importance of cross-border commuting in the country has certain advantages for the Public Employment Service (PES) and generates some additional constraints, but the policy options remain generally similar to those tried by the other reference countries. Several of these countries (Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland) also had very low unemployment into the 1980s. In general, the countries which first introduced generous unemployment benefits only in the 1970s suffered high levels of unemployment about 20 years later, and from this point of view the PES in Luxembourg has managed to keep unemployment relatively low longer than almost anywhere else. The steady increase in the level of registered unemployment relative to unemployment in the sense of the labour force survey from 1975 to 2000 indicates progressive change: the rigorous management and the stigmatisation of unemployment which motivated unemployed people not to register in the early years has been progressively replaced by a situation where some people who register are not available for all types of work. The introduction of a minimum income benefit in 1986 and various extensions of entitlement to passive benefits in 2002 and 2003 have also increased the number of PES clients who are difficult to place...
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.50
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark
    Abstract: The labour market integration of immigrants has been a key issue both in the public debate and on the government agenda in Denmark, triggered by unfavourable employment outcomes of immigrants – the gaps in employment rates of immigrants compared to the native-born are among the highest in the OECD – and a rapid rise of the immigrant population during the past twenty years. Prior to the 1980s, immigration to Denmark was a very marginal phenomenon. Despite the rapid growth since then, with less than 7% immigrants in the population, Denmark still has one of the smallest immigrant populations in Western Europe...
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.48
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: The current situation regarding the integration of immigrants in the labour market in Sweden is the consequence of a number of factors and developments. The past fifteen years have seen a higher share of humanitarian migration in Sweden than in the past. This is a form of migration for which labour market integration appears to be slower than for other forms of migration in all countries. At the same time there has been a growing diversification of migration away from “Western” countries to those with a greater cultural distance...
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.53
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China is currently in the process of developing the largest pension system in the world, and it is doing this at a time of unparalleled economic and demographic transition. The central government has followed a step-by-step approach to develop a system that can accommodate a rapidly aging society within a rapidly growing, but still largely underdeveloped economy. This paper analyses how far the process of creating a national old age insurance system had proceeded by the end of 2006. It provides a detailed description of this system and an assessment of to what degree it has so far achieved ?its primary goal of social security for more people? (Chinese Government, September 2006)...
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264035485
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (450 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Petite enfance, grands défis II
    Series Statement: Petite enfance, grands défis
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cet examen consacré à l’éducation et à l’accueil des jeunes enfants (EAJE) dans 20 pays de l’OCDE décrit les facteurs sociaux et économiques ainsi que les concepts et les recherches qui influent sur la politique de la petite enfance. Parmi ceux-ci, on peut citer la participation grandissante des femmes au marché du travail, la nécessité de permettre à celles-ci de concilier responsabilités professionnelles et familiales de façon plus équitable pour elles, les défis démographiques auxquels sont confrontés les pays de l’OCDE et surtout les problèmes d’accès, de qualité, de diversité, de pauvreté infantile et de handicap scolaire auxquels il faut s’attaquer. Petite enfance, grands défis II souligne les progrès accomplis par 20 pays dans la mise en œuvre des grands principes d’une politique d’EAJE réussie – principes définis dans le premier volume, Petite enfance, grands défis (OCDE, 2001). Ce deuxième volume offre également de nombreux exemples d’initiatives nouvelles en matière d’EAJE. Dans leurs conclusions, les auteurs recensent dix domaines d’action requérant l’attention des pouvoirs publics. L’ouvrage présente aussi des « profils nationaux » qui donnent une vue d’ensemble des systèmes d’EAJE en place dans les 20 pays examinés.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264032705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slovak Republic
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Slowakei ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovak Republic ; Slowakei ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Junger Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youth in the labour market is a crucial challenge in OECD countries facing persistent youth unemployment. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a poor beginning can be difficult to make up. This report surveys the main barriers to employment for young people in the Slovak Republic, and assesses the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school to work. The report also provides a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264029118 , 9789264107021
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (163 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Humankapital; Wie Wissen unser Leben bestimmt
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital humano ; Cómo influye en su vida lo que usted sabe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life (Croatian version)
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Cette première publication de la série Les essentiels de l’OCDE examine l’importance grandissante du capital humain dans la vie économique et sociale – notre éducation, nos qualifications, nos compétences et notre savoir. Alors que l'économie des pays développés se tertiarise, le succès économique des individus et des économies nationales dépend de plus en plus de la qualité du capital humain. Enrichir ce capital devient donc une priorité majeure des pouvoirs publics, notamment pour les travailleurs peu qualifiés qui risquent d’être marginalisés davantage. Mettre l’accent sur le développement de la petite enfance, améliorer la qualité et le choix de l’enseignement scolaire, viser l’excellence dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur, et enfin faciliter l’accès à l’éducation et à la formation des adultes, sont quelques unes des pistes suivies. S’inspirant d’études et d’analyses de l’OCDE, cette publication dynamique explique en termes simples comment les pays de l’OCDE relèvent le défi et tentent d’augmenter leur capital humain.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.55
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Korea introduced industrial accident insurance (IACIS) in 1964, medical insurance (MIS) in 1977, pension insurance (NPS) in 1988 and employment insurance (EIS) in 1995. In line with Korea’s economic development, social insurance coverage has grown rapidly, and contribution coverage rates now generally exceed 80% for regular workers. However, the four social insurance systems developed separately. The main split in contribution collection methods has been between the insurances under the Ministry of Labour (EIS and IACIS) and those under the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MIS and NPS), although there are also some differences between MIS and NPS. About 50% of the staff in each system has been engaged in collection activities...
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.56
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: French migration policy is at a crossroads. In the face of an emerging global labour market for highly qualified persons and of labour shortages in certain economic sectors, France must aim for a greater diversification of its migration flows, with respect to entry categories, regions of origin and type of migration, at the same time as it continues to combat irregular migration and the illegal employment of foreign nationals. This will require getting the right mix of selected and non-selected migrants, of temporary and permanent migrants, of high-skilled and low-skilled, and more generally of openness and control. To succeed, France must co-operate actively and effectively with both its European partners and countries of origin. But if France is to remain a land of welcome, it must also necessarily better integrate immigrants and their offspring.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.60
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Two-thirds of pension reforms in OECD countries in the last 15 years contain measures that will automatically link future pensions to changes in life expectancy. This quiet revolution in pension policy means that the financial costs of longer lives will be shared between generations subject to a rule, rather than spreading the burden through potentially divisive political battles as happened in the past. As a result, nearly half of OECD countries - 13 out of 30 - now have an automatic link between pensions and life expectancy in their retirement-income systems, compared with only one country (Denmark) a decade ago. Indeed, the spread of this policy has a strong claim as the major innovation in pension policy in recent years. The link to life expectancy has been achieved in four different ways...
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264065406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (89 p)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Korea faces an extraordinary ageing challenge. Korea will age much faster than other OECD countries: in 2000, about 7% of Korea’s population were over 65; in 2050, senior citizens will constitute about 37% of Korea’s population. Population ageing will unfold at high speed, firstly because of the dramatic increase in life expectancy from just over 52 years in 1960 to over 77 years in 2004. a major cause of this was the spectacular decrease in infant mortality rates from 45 infants per 1000 live births in 1970 to 5.3 in 2002. The second cause of population ageing is the sharp decline in birth rates from close to 3 children per woman in 1975 to less than 1.2 in 2004. Reduced child mortality rates and increased life expectancy are indicators of the success of the Korean economy and society. However, the decline in fertility rates in Korea is evidence of strains in society which will damage prosperity in the future. Population ageing on this scale will inevitably lead to a huge increase in spending on old-age income support and health care, and will also require the development of a public family policy which supports the reconciliation of work and care commitments of workers. To successfully meet the ageing challenge, the OECD believes that three policy objectives must be targeted. First, the decline in the working-age population needs to be slowed. Second, working opportunities need to be extended. Third, affordable and sustainable pension and health care policies must be implemented. This volume looks at existing Korean family, health and pension policies from an international perspective, considers them in view of the emerging policy challenges, and outlines some of the policy options that are available to policy makers in Korea.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264024786
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (319 p.)
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres ; Orientations à l'intention des donneurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres : Orientations à l'intention des donneurs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting pro-poor growth
    RVK:
    Keywords: Armut ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Privatwirtschaft ; Landwirtschaft ; Infrastruktur ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: For aid donors, the pro-poor growth agenda is not business as usual and more of the same will not be sufficient. Focusing on pro-poor growth and income poverty, Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Policy Guidance for Donors identifies binding constraints and offers policies and strategies to address them. Policy recommendations aim to help change donor behaviour and pave the way for more effective development co-operation in these areas. This compendium pays special attention to the role of private sector development, agriculture and infrastructure in pro-poor growth – areas that were neglected by many donors during the 1990s but are currently receiving renewed attention in the international development agenda. It also presents a methodology for conducting ex-ante poverty impact assessment, a valuable tool for those whose aim is to maximise the poverty reducing impacts of development interventions.
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.26
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: As the number and share of the population aged 65 and over will continue to grow steadily in OECD countries over the next decades, improvements in the functional status of elderly people could help mitigate the rise in the demand for, and hence expenditure on, long-term care. This paper assesses the most recent evidence on trends in disability among the population aged 65 and over in 12 OECD countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The focus is on reviewing trends in severe disability (or dependency), defined where possible as one or more limitations in basic activities of daily living (ADLs, such as eating, washing/bathing, dressing, and getting in and out of bed), given that such severe limitations tend to be closely related to demands for long-term care. One of the principal findings from this review is that there is clear evidence of a decline in disability among elderly people in only five of the twelve countries studied (Denmark, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands and the United States). Three countries (Belgium, Japan and Sweden) report an increasing rate of severe disability among people aged 65 and over during the past five to ten years, and two countries (Australia, Canada) report a stable rate. In France and the United Kingdom, data from different surveys show different trends in ADL disability rates among elderly people, making it impossible to reach any definitive conclusion on the direction of the trend. One of the main policy implications that can be drawn from the findings of this study is that it would not be prudent for policymakers to count on future reductions in the prevalence of severe disability among elderly people to offset completely the rising demand for long-term care that will result from population ageing. Even though disability prevalence rates have declined to some extent in some countries, the ageing of the population and the greater longevity of individuals can be expected to lead to increasing numbers of people at older ages with a severe disability and in need of long-term care. The results of the projection exercise to 2030 for all countries, regardless of different trends in disability prevalence, confirm this important finding.
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.57
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States
    Abstract: This report discusses methods of measuring unauthorized migration to the United States. The “residual method” involves comparing an analytic estimate of the legal foreign-born population with a survey-based measure of the total foreign-born population. The difference between the two population figures is a measure of the unauthorized migrant population in the survey; it can then be corrected for omissions to provide a measure of the total unauthorized population. The report includes a detailed description of the residual methods and the underlying data and assumptions as it has been applied to recent data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and decennial censuses. The paper presents new results of estimates derived from the march 2006 CPS which show that the unauthorized population in the U.S. has reached 11.5 million; of these, 6.5 million or 57% are from Mexico. The report also presents derived data on a range of social and economic characteristics of the unauthorized population developed with an extension of the residual estimates. Finally, historical data on trends in unauthorized migration and several alternative estimation methods are presented and discussed.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 159 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.29
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report is an update to the OECD Health Working Paper No. 22, Health Care Quality Indicators Project: Initial Indicators Report that was based on data collected between 2003 and 2005 and released in 2006. That report presented the OECD’s initial work on developing a set of health care quality indicators that could be used to raise questions about differences in quality of care across countries. The 2006 report covered 21 “initial indicators” with data provided by 24 countries. It identified 17 of these indicators as being fit for international comparisons of which 4 were identified as needing further work. Following the release of that report in March 2006, the OECD undertook a second round of data collection on the initial indicator set and also gathered data for the first time on new indicators in a questionnaire sent to participating HCQI countries. This paper reports on the results of that second round of data collection. Data is presented here on an augmented indicator set considered fit for the purpose of making international comparisons on quality of health care. The data is comprised of 19 indicators (17 initial indicators plus 2 new ones). The paper also presents the data provided on 7 other indicators that are not yet considered fit for international comparison. In this round of data collection, data were reported by 32 countries...
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.27
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of the Swiss pharmaceutical sector, and assesses the degree to which Switzerland has achieved certain policy goals. In Switzerland, pharmaceutical spending has not been growing faster than health expenditure as a whole, as has been the case in many other OECD countries. Swiss pharmaceutical spending per capita and as a share of GDP is modest by OECD standards. This in part reflects relatively low levels of pharmaceutical consumption, given that public prices are among the highest in Europe and the Swiss tend to be early adopters of new pharmaceutical products. Switzerland’s regulation of prices for reimbursed drugs, based on referencing across countries and within the therapeutic class for products with comparators, appears to result in prices lower than what would be obtained absent regulation. Although ex-manufacturer prices are somewhat high relative to other European countries, recent reforms have reduced the differential. While costs are under control, Switzerland has scope to improve the cost-effectiveness of its expenditures in the pharmaceutical area. Generic penetration of the market is increasing but falls short of what has been achieved elsewhere and the prices of generic products are higher than what is found in other countries. Relatively high mark-ups over ex-factory prices suggest that the distribution chain is a source of further potential efficiencies, although high costs could also reflect characteristics of the Swiss economy...
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.46
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: International comparisons of minimum-wage levels have largely focused on the gross value of minimum wages, ignoring the effects of taxation on both labour costs and the net income of employees. This paper presents estimates of the tax burdens facing minimum-wage workers. These are used as a basis for cross-country comparisons of the net earnings of these workers as well as the cost of employing them. In addition, results show the evolution of net incomes and labour costs during the 2000-2005 period and the relative importance of minimum-wage adjustments and...
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.61
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The Korean labor market has created many jobs over the past several decades, accompanying rapid economic growth. More recently, this favorable job performance has gone hand-in-hand with a rapid increase of temporary employment and other flexible or atypical work arrangements (usually called "non-regular" work in Korea. This trend has raised much concern in Korean society about the risk of persistent labor market duality and the various downsides associated with such a development...
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.63
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Globalisation is having important effects on labour markets in OECD countries. The global supply of labour has increased enormously with the emergence of China and India. At the same time technological advances have contributed to heightened income inequality and changed the nature of globalisation itself, most vividly demonstrated by the rapid growth of offshoring of business services that were previously nontradable. It is argued in this paper that these developments are best characterized as an intensification and broadening of the process of globalisation rather than a fundamental change in the nature of globalisation. They will, nevertheless, have long-lasting effects on OECD labour markets, increasing the urgency of implementing the labour market policies set out in the Restated OECD Job Strategy. The paper concludes that the most important implication of the emergence of China and India in the context of widespread perceptions of increasing economic inequality may be to reduce support for globalisation in OECD countries.
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.30
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report attempts to assess whether -- and to what degree - better care coordination can improve health system performance in terms of quality and cost-efficiency. Coordination of care refers to policies that help create patient-centred care that is more coherent both within and across care settings and over time. Broadly speaking, it means making health-care systems more attentive to the needs of individual patients and ensuring they get the appropriate care for acute episodes as well as care aimed at stabilising their health over long periods in less costly environments. These issues are of particular interest to patients with chronic conditions and the elderly who may find it difficult to "navigate" fragmented health-care systems that are often found in OECD countries. Interest in coordination of care issues is increasing Growing interest in these issues has reflected a shift in the demands placed on health-care services. Chronic conditions have become progressively more important and are absorbing a growing share of health-care budgets. Since most of the chronically ill are elderly, this share can be expected to rise as populations age over coming decades. At the same time, many reports suggest that the quality of care that the chronically ill receive may need improvement. With these developments occurring in a context of tight public finance, some countries have been attempting to improve both the quality of care provided to the chronically ill and reduce cost pressures via changes to the architecture of health-care systems that encourage greater care coordination...
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.47
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: The current situation of the labour market integration of migrants in Germany has to be viewed in the light of its immigration history. During the post-war economic boom, until 1973, Germany focused on the recruitment of low-skilled foreign labour. Many of these “guestworker” immigrants settled and were joined by their foreign spouses, which has given rise to a second generation of persons with an immigrant background. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Germany received massive immigration flows of ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe. Shortly after the peak immigration of ethnic Germans, Germany received large numbers of humanitarian migrants. German statistics only distinguish along nationality lines. This hampers assessment of the situation as this does not take account of ethnic Germans – who have German nationality and are now the most important immigrant group, although they face difficulties similar to those of other migrant groups. Assessment based on nationality is also problematic since immigrants with a foreign nationality have increasingly and selectively taken up German citizenship. There is a clear need for statistics based on the country of birth...
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