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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3.140)
  • Science and Technology  (1.409)
  • Finance and Investment  (1.408)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The emergence of strategic budget initiatives (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: The growth of strategic budget initiatives – such as gender budgeting and green budgeting - has been a prominent trend in OECD countries. This is driven by a desire to use the budget to help deliver transformational change in relation to key policy priorities demanding a whole-of-government response. This paper outlines the emergence of strategic budget initiatives across OECD countries and offers some preliminary observations on how these initiatives are being designed and implemented.
    DOI: 10.1787/8053099b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Perspectives des politiques de l’investissement durable dans les pays de la communauté économique des états de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264336605 , 9789264914346 , 9789264376571
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: La Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) offre un marché aussi vaste que diversifié de plus de 400 millions d’habitants, richement doté en ressources naturelles, qui pourtant ne tire pas actuellement pleinement avantage de son potentiel en tant que destination de l’investissement international. Les afflux d’investissement direct étranger (IDE) dans la région ont diminué avec le temps, et n’ont pas toujours tenu leurs promesses en termes de promotion du développement durable. Le présent rapport pose un diagnostic de départ pour pouvoir amorcer une exploration des moyens de redynamiser l’effort de réforme des conditions d’investissement dans les pays de la CEDEAO, tout en améliorant les résultats produits par l’investissement sur le plan du développement durable. Il recense également les domaines dans lesquels le renforcement de la collaboration entre la CEDEAO et l’OCDE pourrait contribuer à l’amélioration des conditions d’investissement dans l’ensemble de la région. À partir du Cadre d’action de l’OCDE pour l’investissement et de la Boîte à outils des politiques relatives aux qualités de l’IDE, le rapport couvre le cadre réglementaire national qui sous-tend la législation nationale sur l’investissement et l’articulation entre ce cadre et les initiatives engagées au niveau régional, la promotion et la facilitation de l’investissement, les incitations à l’investissement, l’investissement pour une croissance verte, et enfin la conduite responsable des entreprises.
    DOI: 10.1787/917e8392-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Collective action for responsible AI in health (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.10
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesundheitswesen ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Artificial intelligence will have profound impacts across health systems, transforming health care, public health, and research. Responsible AI can accelerate efforts toward health systems being more resilient, sustainable, equitable, and person-centred. This paper provides an overview of the background and current state of artificial intelligence in health, perspectives on opportunities, risks, and barriers to success. The paper proposes several areas to be explored for policy makers to advance the future of responsible AI in health that is adaptable to change, respects individuals, champions equity, and achieves better health outcomes for all. The areas to be explored relate to trust, capacity building, evaluation, and collaboration. This recognises that the primary forces that are needed to unlock the value from artificial intelligence are people-based and not technical. The OECD is ready to support efforts for co-operative learning and collective action to advance the use of responsible AI in health.
    DOI: 10.1787/f2050177-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy: Dominican Republic (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264780781 , 9789264767607 , 9789264974531
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Competition Law and Policy Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: República Dominicana
    Schlagwort(e): Wettbewerbsrecht ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Dominikanische Republik ; Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Kurzfassung: Peer reviews of competition law and policy are a valuable tool to reform and strengthen a country’s competition framework. This peer review of the Dominican Republic presents the evolution of its competition regime over the last few years and assesses the effectiveness of its current competition law and policy. It provides recommendations to help the Dominican Republic strengthen its competition regime and institutions, developed and discussed at the Peer Review examination carried out during the 2023 OECD-IDB Latin American and Caribbean Competition Forum.
    DOI: 10.1787/18f04007-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    L’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc : De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264532243 , 9789264582149 , 9789264910720
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Morocco
    Kurzfassung: Le Rapport De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre : assurer l’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc analyse les politiques publiques marocaines en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes dans le cadre de la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l’égalité femmes-hommes dans l’éducation, l’emploi et l’entrepreneuriat à laquelle le pays a adhéré en 2018. Il fournit un cadre stratégique global visant à déverrouiller le potentiel économique des femmes, afin qu’elles puissent pleinement contribuer au développement durable du Maroc et bénéficier de ses retombées économiques et sociales. Ce cadre stratégique global - développé dans le cadre de la seconde phase du programme pays Maroc de l’OCDE - vise à soutenir la mise en œuvre du troisième Plan Gouvernemental pour l’Égalité (PGE III). Il préconise une approche multi-cibles et multi-sectorielle, mettant l'accent sur des politiques de soin transformatrices pour créer des emplois décents, alléger les tâches domestiques et de soin, et remettre en cause les stéréotypes de genre, soulignant l'importance de l'évolution des normes socio-culturelles pour favoriser l'intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail.
    DOI: 10.1787/d4312bd3-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Clean Energy Finance and Investment Roadmap of the Philippines (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264567634 , 9789264940802 , 9789264710153
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Green Finance and Investment
    Schlagwort(e): Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Bauinstallation ; Philippinen ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, the Philippines has increased its commitment to climate action and its efforts to decarbonise the domestic economy. The power sector in the Philippines accounts for 58% of the country’s overall carbon emissions and will be an important driver of domestic emission reduction efforts to meet national climate and energy targets. Renewables, such as offshore wind, are expected to play a key role in the transition toward a low-carbon energy mix. With more than 17 thousand kilometres of coastline, the Philippines is estimated to have an offshore wind potential of 178 GW. However, this potential has yet to be leveraged. Alongside a changing power sector, progress on energy efficiency is needed to achieve the country’s emission reduction goals, with energy savings estimated at approximately 2% annually for the residential and commercial sectors. To deliver a clean energy transition, the Philippines requires estimated cumulative investments of over USD 300 billion between now and 2040. This report outlines key actions needed to unlock finance and investment in offshore wind power and energy efficiency in public buildings. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the progress to date and the challenges to mobilise near-term finance in those sectors, assist the Philippines transition towards a low-carbon economy, and achieve broader development goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a13719d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264830257 , 9789264594883 , 9789264520448
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives des politiques de l’investissement durable dans les pays de la communauté économique des états de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO)
    Schlagwort(e): Auslandsinvestition ; Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; ECOWAS-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: The Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS) offers a large and diverse market of over 400 million people and natural resource wealth, and yet it is not currently living up to its potential as a destination for international investment. Inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region have been declining over time, and have not always delivered on promoting sustainable development. This report serves as a baseline diagnostic to explore ways to reinvigorate the reform of the ECOWAS investment climate while also improving sustainable outcomes from investment. It also highlights areas where further collaboration between ECOWAS and the OECD could contribute to improved investment climates throughout the region. Building upon the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and the FDI Qualities Policy Toolkit, the report covers the national regulatory framework encapsulated in national investment laws and how this compares with initiatives at a regional level, investment promotion and facilitation, investment incentives, investment for green growth and responsible business conduct.
    DOI: 10.1787/654e2de5-en
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: República Dominicana (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264740976 , 9789264649675 , 9789264589469
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy: Dominican Republic
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Kurzfassung: Los Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia son una herramienta valiosa para reformar y fortalecer el marco de competencia de un país. Este examen inter-pares de la República Dominicana presenta la evolución de su régimen de competencia en los últimos años y evalúa la eficacia de su actual legislación y política de competencia. El examen proporciona recomendaciones para ayudar a la República Dominicana a fortalecer su régimen de competencia y sus instituciones, desarrolladas y discutidas en el examen inter-pares llevado a cabo durante el Foro de Competencia de América Latina y el Caribe OCDE-BID 2023.
    DOI: 10.1787/82adc1ba-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Consumer Finance Risk Monitor (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264319882 , 9789264952195 , 9789264376472
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzprodukt ; Private Finanzplanung ; Verbraucherkredit ; Finanzrisiko ; Verbraucherschutz ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Using original data collected from governments around the globe, the Consumer Finance Risk Monitor analyses the constantly evolving issues and risks facing consumers of financial products and services. It examines consumer harms and complaints in five product markets (banking and payments, credit, insurance, investments and pensions) and describes regulatory and supervisory responses to address market conduct risks. It also presents data on financial scams and frauds, highlights tools used to monitor risks, and identifies consumer protection policy responses.
    DOI: 10.1787/047b2ea6-en
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    2023 OECD Digital Government Index : Results and key findings (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.44
    Schlagwort(e): E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Digital government is essential to transform government processes and services in ways that improve the responsiveness and reliability of the public sector. During the COVID-19 pandemic it also proved crucial to governments' ability to continue operating in times of crisis and provide timely services to citizens and businesses. Yet, for the digital transformation to be sustainable in the long term, it needs solid foundations, including adaptable governance arrangements, reliable and resilient digital public infrastructure, and a prospective approach to governing with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. This paper presents the main findings of the 2023 edition of the OECD Digital Government Index (DGI), which benchmarks the efforts made by governments to establish the foundations necessary for a coherent, human-centred digital transformation of the public sector. It comprises 155 data points from 33 member countries, 4 accession countries and 1 partner country collected in 2022, covering the period between 01 January 2020 and 31 October 2022.
    DOI: 10.1787/1a89ed5e-en
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  • 11
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    Online-Ressource
    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Europe : Insights from France, Germany and Poland (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264478763 , 9789264872738 , 9789264489943
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Datensicherheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; IT-Kriminalität ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; France ; Germany ; Poland
    Kurzfassung: In an increasingly digital world, the significance of cyber security for individuals, businesses, and governments has never been greater. Rising cyber attacks are challenging current defence and operational capabilities, highlighting a critical shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the demand for cyber security expertise by analysing online job postings in France, Germany and Poland in between 2018 and 2023. It examines trends in the demand for cyber security professionals, the geographical distribution of job opportunities, and the changing skill requirements in this field. Focusing on France, the report also explores cyber security education and training programmes, the characteristics of the programmes, the demographics of enrolled learners, and their outcomes. Additionally, it reviews French policies and initiatives aimed at broadening the cyber security workforce and enhancing educational opportunities in this field. This comprehensive analysis is part of a larger effort to understand the evolving landscape of cyber security policies and professional experiences worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1787/3673cd60-en
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Law enforcement responses to corruption in emergency situations : Practical guidelines (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.30
    Schlagwort(e): Korruption ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Epidemie ; Coronavirus ; Katastrophe ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: These guidelines seek to strengthen the capacities of law enforcement practitioners to combat corruption related to the COVID-19 pandemic and other emergency situations. In particular, they aim to: (i) provide law enforcement practitioners with practical advice on the challenges law enforcement faces in an emergency crisis; (ii) illustrate good detection, investigation and prosecution practices during emergency situations and identify key challenges that may arise in future crises, including through international cooperation mechanisms; (iii) inform law enforcement practitioners about the benefits of emerging technologies and innovative institutional developments identified during COVID-19 that can assist with combating corruption.
    DOI: 10.1787/b2e5344f-en
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  • 13
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    Online-Ressource
    Did COVID-19 accelerate the green transition? : An international assessment of fiscal spending measures to support low-carbon technologies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.151
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Fiscal spending policies adopted in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic have been presented as a unique opportunity to “build back better” and re-ignite the economy while accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper analyses 1 166 funding measures announced by 51 countries and the European Union in 2020-21 to support development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. These measures – amounting to USD 1.29 trillion – can make an important contribution to filling the climate investment gap, particularly in emerging technologies such as carbon capture, usage and storage and green hydrogen. A modelling analysis suggests that they could have large impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and bring about significant co-benefits in terms of clean sectors’ output growth and reductions in fossil fuel imports.
    DOI: 10.1787/5b486c18-en
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  • 14
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    Verringerung der Prekarität wissenschaftlicher Laufbahnen (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reducing the precarity of academic research careers
    Schlagwort(e): Wissenschaftler ; Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Dieser Bericht befasst sich mit wissenschaftlichen Laufbahnen und nimmt dabei insbesondere das „Wissenschaftsprekariat“ in den Blick: Postdokto-rand*innen mit befristeten Verträgen, die keine Aussicht auf Festanstellung oder Weiterbeschäftigung haben. Es werden Maßnahmen und Praktiken aufgezeigt, um die Lebensqualität von Wissenschaftler*innen zu erhöhen, diversere, gerechtere und inklusivere Wissenschaftssysteme zu schaffen, die besten wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchskräfte anzuwerben und zu halten und damit letztlich die Qualität der Forschung zu verbessern. Der Bericht bietet einen konzeptuellen Rahmen und einen Überblick über die verfügbaren Daten und Informationen zu Politikmaßnahmen. Er stützt sich auf eine in OECD-Ländern durchgeführte Erhebung, bestehend aus Ländernotizen und Interviews mit Politikverantwortlichen, Mittelgeber*innen, Vertreter*innen von Forschungseinrichtungen sowie Wissenschaftler*innen. Der Bericht präsentiert Empfehlungen und eine Reihe von Politikoptionen für die Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen und beruflichen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, eine stärkere Verknüpfung von Mittelvergabe und Personalpolitik, inklusivere Governance-Strukturen, die Förderung von Chancengleichheit und Diversität, ein besseres Personalmanagement, mehr intersektorale und internationale Mobilität sowie eine breitere Evidenzbasis zu wissenschaftlichen Laufbahnen.
    DOI: 10.1787/f8314967-de
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  • 15
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    Distributed renewable energy in Colombia : Unlocking private investment for non-interconnected zones (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (113 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.213
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Energía renovable distribuida en Colombia : Desbloqueando la inversión privada para zonas no-interconectadas
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Colombia
    Kurzfassung: Colombia has prioritised the use of renewable energy to expand and improve electricity services for its population in zones non-interconnected to the national grid. Recent policies and regulations have supported this ambition with successive measures to strengthen investment conditions for distributed renewable energy, like standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) solutions and hybrid solar PV mini-grids. Still, the distributed renewable energy market in non-interconnected zones is relatively immature, reflected by the high costs for connecting new users. New business and financing models will be critical to bringing down the cost of renewable energy technologies, accessing private equity and debt in larger volumes, and ultimately progressing towards replacing existing inefficient and polluting diesel generation systems. Building on international experiences, this paper discusses approaches to strengthening investment conditions, looking at support mechanisms and de-risking instruments used elsewhere, which can help bridge the financing gap in Colombia.
    DOI: 10.1787/deda64ff-en
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Online product safety sweep report (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.354
    Schlagwort(e): Online-Handel ; Produktsicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: In October 2021, twenty-one OECD countries and partner economies participated in an online product safety sweep to identify the degree to which products were available for sale online despite (i) being banned or recalled, (ii) having inadequate labelling or (iii) not meeting voluntary or mandatory product safety standards. Results reveal that large volumes of unsafe products are readily traded across borders and a 79% average rate of non-compliance (or potential non-compliance) with product safety standards and laws. More needs to be done by online marketplaces and other retailers to identify and remove unsafe product listings and by consumer authorities to deter non-compliance.
    DOI: 10.1787/c1faa51e-en
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  • 17
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    The contribution of R&D specialist institutions to R&D performance : Findings from the NESTI 2022 pilot data collection (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/04
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Long-standing policy interest in the role of organisations specialised in research and experimental development (R&D) raises questions about how these organisations are classified under different institutional sectors and contribute to R&D statistics This paper reports on the findings of the pilot data collection conducted in 2022. The results show a diverse range of R&D specialist ecosystems as well as major reporting gaps. The ultimate aim of this exercise and its recommendations is to demonstrate how several OECD countries are able to provide meaningful statistical results using OECD guidance and promote the mainstreaming of reporting into future national and OECD R&D statistics.
    DOI: 10.1787/d7917b11-en
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  • 18
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    Vulnerabilities in the semiconductor supply chain (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/05
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Semiconductors are a critical input into a wide range of downstream industries, including the wider information communications technology industry, electronics and motor vehicles. Semiconductor shortages can have large adverse effects on output in these industries, with ripple effects on the broader economy, as highlighted by recent supply chain disruptions. This paper maps cross-country and cross-sectoral dependencies in the semiconductor value chain based on new OECD Inter-Country Input-Output data that allow to analyse the semiconductor industry separately from the wider computer and electronics value chain. It further discusses policy options to reduce the economic consequences of shocks to the semiconductor value chain while preserving the benefits of global sourcing.
    DOI: 10.1787/6bed616f-en
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Examen de la calidad de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) en Chile : Impulsar el desarrollo sostenible y la diversificación (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264998322 , 9789264861329 , 9789264886766
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe FDI Qualities Review of Chile: Boosting Sustainable Development and Diversification
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Chile
    Kurzfassung: Este informe proporciona una serie de recomendaciones de política pública sobre cómo mejorar los beneficios económicos, sociales y medioambientales derivados de la inversión extranjera directa (IED). Ofrece una evaluación exhaustiva sobre cómo la IED contribuye a la diversificación económica de Chile a través de actividades sostenibles e intensivas en conocimiento (por ejemplo, hidrógeno verde, tecnología de la información), y también evalúa el marco político y normativo por el que se rige el impacto de la IED en el desarrollo sostenible de Chile.
    DOI: 10.1787/86336809-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Engaging citizens in innovation policy : Why, when and how? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.149
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Innovation policies need to be socially embedded for them to effectively contribute to addressing major societal challenges. Engaging citizens in innovation policymaking can help define long-term policy priorities, enhance the quality and legitimacy of policy decisions, and increase the visibility of innovation in society. However, engaging all groups in society and effectively integrating citizens' inputs in policy processes is challenging. This paper discusses why, when and how to engage citizens in innovation policy making. It also addresses practical considerations for organising these processes, such as reaching out to diverse publics and selecting the optimal mix of methods and tools.
    DOI: 10.1787/ba068fa6-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 21
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    Online-Ressource
    The green side of productivity : An international classification of green and brown occupations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Productivity Working Papers no.33
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes the methodology used for crosswalking occupation-based measures of Green (“environmentally friendly”) and Brown (“polluting”) jobs from the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system to the International Standard Occupation Classification (ISCO) 08 at the most detailed (4-digit) level. The original, task-based Greenness scores by Vona et al. (2018) are provided at the 8-digit SOC level, and the industry-based Brownness measures are provided in 6-digit SOC. Crosswalking these measures requires several choices in terms of weighting and aggregating, which this paper describes in detail. The robustness of the resulting measures to the different weighting options and underlying assumption is tested using Linked Employer-Employee data from Portugal. An empirical application to the Productivity-Greenness link at the firm level shows the robustness of this link to different weighting choices, and confirms that all of the different measures derived are consistent in measuring the Greenness of jobs.
    DOI: 10.1787/a363530f-en
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  • 22
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    Examens de l’OCDE pour l’évaluation de l’impact sur la concurrence : Tunisie 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264731301 , 9789264774537 , 9789264702417
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Competition Assessment Reviews: Tunisia 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Tunisia
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport analyse les barrières réglementaires à la concurrence dans le secteur du tourisme en Tunisie, dans le but d'aider les autorités tunisiennes à réduire les atteintes à la concurrence et à favoriser une croissance durable. Ce rapport est basé sur une évaluation de la concurrence menée par l'OCDE identifiant les lois et réglementations susceptibles d'entraver la concurrence et l’efficacité des marchés dans les activités touristiques examinées. Cet examen comprend également des estimations de l'impact potentiel de la mise en œuvre de certaines recommandations sur l'économie. Il s'agit du deuxième examen d'évaluation de la concurrence mené par l'OCDE en Tunisie, après l'examen en 2019 des secteurs du transport de marchandises et du commerce de gros et de détail.
    DOI: 10.1787/7b1327a5-fr
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  • 23
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    Civisme fiscal : Qu'est-ce qui motive les particuliers et les entreprises à payer des impôts ? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264627376 , 9789264507371 , 9789264452107
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Tax Morale: What Drives People and Businesses to Pay Tax?
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Découvrir ce qui motive le civisme fiscal - la volonté intrinsèque de payer l'impôt - peut grandement aider les gouvernements à concevoir des politiques fiscales et à les administrer, en particulier dans les pays en développement où les taux de conformité sont faibles. Ce rapport s'appuie sur des recherches antérieures de l'OCDE pour identifier certains des principaux moteurs socio-économiques et institutionnels du civisme fiscal dans les pays en développement, et cherche à vérifier les preuves du contrat social en examinant l'impact des services publics sur le civisme fiscal. Il utilise également de nouvelles données sur la certitude fiscale comme point d'entrée pour explorer le civisme fiscal des entreprises, où la recherche existante est très limitée. Enfin, le rapport identifie une série de facteurs liés au système fiscal susceptibles d'affecter la prise de décision des entreprises, la manière dont ils varient d'une région à l'autre, et suggère quelques domaines de recherche future. Dans l'ensemble, le rapport fournit une série de suggestions pour la poursuite des travaux et la manière dont les considérations relatives au civisme fiscal peuvent être intégrées dans des stratégies holistiques de conformité fiscale.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ce7612d-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 24
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    Did COVID-19 accelerate the green transition? : An international assessment of fiscal spending measures to support low-carbon technologies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Policy Briefs no.1
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Energy ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Stimulus packages adopted following the COVID-19 pandemic – such as the US Inflation Reduction Act and NextGenerationEU - have been presented as an opportunity to "build back better" and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy while re-igniting the economy. But this revival of industrial policy has also raised concerns about the potential for a global green subsidy war. OECD analysed funding measures worth USD 1.3 trillion announced around the world in 2020-21 to support development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. These measures can trigger substantial greenhouse gas emissions reductions while boosting the growth of the clean tech sector in all regions and reducing dependence over fossil fuel imports. This policy brief summarises key findings from our analysis and offers additional recommendations to policymakers.
    DOI: 10.1787/29bd5a72-en
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  • 25
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    Explanatory memoranda of the OECD Privacy Guidelines (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.360
    Schlagwort(e): Datenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Privacy Guidelines are the first internationally agreed-upon set of privacy principles and are recognized as the global minimum standard for privacy and data protection. They are a solid foundation for building effective protection and trust for individuals, and also for developing common international approaches to transborder data flows. Since their adoption, they have influenced legislation and policy in OECD countries and beyond. This document reproduces the two existing explanatory memoranda that accompany the OECD Privacy Guidelines. The first, published in 1980, was developed alongside the original version of the OECD Privacy Guidelines to help in their interpretation and application. The supplementary Explanatory Memorandum was developed to provide context and rationale for the revisions to the OECD Privacy Guidelines made in 2013.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea4e9759-en
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  • 26
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    Emerging trends in AI skill demand across 14 OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.2
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses the demand for positions that require skills needed to develop or work with AI systems across 14 OECD countries between 2019 and 2022. It finds that, despite rapid growth in the demand for AI skills, AI-related online vacancies comprised less than 1% of all job postings and were predominantly found in sectors such as ICT and Professional Services. Skills related to Machine Learning were the most sought after. The US-focused part of the study reveals a consistent demand for socio-emotional, foundational, and technical skills across all AI employers. However, leading firms – those who posted the most AI jobs – exhibited a higher demand for AI professionals combining technical expertise with leadership, innovation, and problem-solving skills, underscoring the importance of these competencies in the AI field.
    DOI: 10.1787/7c691b9a-en
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  • 27
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    Tableau de bord de l'OCDE sur le financement des PME et des entrepreneurs : Faits saillants 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs Scoreboard: 2023 Highlights
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Les Faits saillants 2023 du Tableau de bord sur le financement des PME et des entrepreneurs rendent compte des tendances, des conditions et des évolutions des politiques publiques en matière de financement des PME et des entrepreneurs. Le rapport propose des données officielles sur le financement des PME dans près de 50 pays, et notamment des indicateurs relatifs aux conditions de financement et au financement par l'endettement, par apport de capitaux propres ou par nantissement d'actifs. Les données au titre de l'année 2021 sont complétées par les informations disponibles pour 2022, ainsi que par des informations sur la demande et par les récentes initiatives publiques et privées en faveur du financement des PME. Il en ressort que la plupart des économies montrent des signes d'une reprise dynamique suite à la pandémie de COVID-19 de 2021. Les données pour l'année 2022 révèlent toutefois une dégradation de certains indicateurs du financement des PME, en raison d'un fort niveau d'inflation et de la hausse des taux d'intérêt, aggravés par la guerre menée par la Russie contre l'Ukraine. Ces facteurs pèsent sur l'accessibilité et le coût du financement des PME par l'emprunt, laissant présager un ralentissement des financements. De la même manière, le financement par apport de capitaux propres a enregistré un net recul en 2022. Dans ce contexte, les pouvoirs publics devraient continuer de promouvoir la diversification des instruments et des sources de financement des PME et leur permettre ainsi de renforcer leur résilience et d'engager des investissements essentiels, notamment dans les transitions numérique et verte.
    DOI: 10.1787/e3156420-fr
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  • 28
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    The state of implementation of the OECD AI Principles four years on (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.3
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: In 2019, the OECD Council adopted the Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence (the "OECD AI Principles"). These include five values-based principles and five recommendations for OECD countries and adhering partner economies to promote responsible and trustworthy AI policies. This report takes stock of initiatives launched by countries worldwide to implement the OECD AI Principles which were reported to the OECD.AI Policy Observatory as of May 2023. It provides an overview of national AI strategies, including their oversight and monitoring bodies, expert advisory groups, as well as their monitoring and evaluation frameworks. It also discusses the various regulatory approaches that countries are adopting to ensure AI trustworthiness, such as ethics frameworks, AI-specific regulations, and regulatory sandboxes. Additionally, the report offers policy examples for each of the ten OECD AI Principles to facilitate cross-learning among policymakers.
    DOI: 10.1787/835641c9-en
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  • 29
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    Enhancing the security of communication infrastructure (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.358
    Schlagwort(e): Telekommunikationsnetz ; Datensicherheit ; IT-Sicherheit ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The digital security of communication networks is crucial to the functioning of our societies. Four trends are shaping networks, raising digital security implications: i) the increasing criticality of communication networks, ii) increased virtualisation of networks and use of cloud services, iii) a shift towards more openness in networks and iv) the role of artificial intelligence in networks. These trends bring benefits and challenges to digital security. While digital security ultimately depends on the decisions made by private actors (e.g. network operators and their suppliers), the report underlines the role governments can play to enhance the digital security of communication networks. It outlines key policy objectives and actions governments can take to incentivise the adoption of best practices and support stakeholders to reach an optimal level of digital security, ranging from light-touch to more interventionist approaches.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb608fe5-en
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  • 30
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    Transparency reporting on child sexual exploitation and abuse online (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.357
    Schlagwort(e): Kinderschutz ; Sexuelle Belästigung ; Kriminalitätsbekämpfung ; Digitale Plattform ; Prävention ; Transparenz ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report provides an overview of the policies and procedures for addressing child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) material across the global top-50 online content-sharing services. It finds that only 10 of the 50 services define CSEA with sufficient detail to understand what is prohibited on their services, and only 20 of the services issue a transparency report on CSEA. Even among those services, there are significant variations in what behaviour is captured in their definitions, and the metrics, methodology and frequency of transparency reports differ across platforms. While good practices exist, the report reveals a fragmented response to this complex and evolving problem, which limits comparability and makes it challenging to conduct a thorough assessment of the overall impact of platforms' efforts to combat CSEA.
    DOI: 10.1787/554ad91f-en
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  • 31
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    Supply-chain disruptions and new investment policies in the post-COVID-19 world : Initial insights from project-level data (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2023/01
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: The COVID 19 pandemic has inflicted a series of shocks on the global economy, not least impacting global trade and investment. During the same time, several countries adopted new foreign direct investment (FDI) related policies. This paper presents novel preliminary evidence on the effects of these new FDI policies and COVID-19-related supply-chain disruptions on cross-border investment. It employs, among others, granular data on FDI policies and investment projects undertaken in a wide range of sectors in 175 host economies worldwide by investors from 46 home countries. It finds that a combination of FDI policies and COVID-19-related measures has a statistically significant and economically meaningful negative effect on the probability of a new cross-border greenfield investment project occurring during the sample period. The effect is the strongest in sectors with high R&D intensity.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fcc2892-en
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  • 32
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    Labour and Skills Demand in Alberta : Insights Using Big Data Intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264569508 , 9789264455870 , 9789264655485
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Alberta ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Canada
    Kurzfassung: This report examines Alberta's labour market trends, focusing on the impact of economic downturns, the COVID-19 crisis, and digital transformation. This study uses real-time labour market data, drawn from online job postings, to offer a granular perspective on demand dynamics across various sectors and occupations. The analysis in the report identifies emerging labour shortages in Alberta due to mega-trends such as digitalisation, AI adoption, automation, and population ageing and discusses key challenges such as youth unemployment and sector-specific labour shortages. The analysis in this report provides insights for policy makers, suggesting a need to support growing sectors, enhance digital skills development, address demand for health workers, and improve youth job access.
    DOI: 10.1787/659ce346-en
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  • 33
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    Harnessing "New Space" for Sustainable Growth of the Space Economy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Raumfahrt ; Weltraumtechnik ; Raumfahrtpolitik ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: "New space", characterised by new commercial players bringing cutting-edge business techniques and funding methods to space activities, has brought disruptive innovation and democratised access to space. But there also reasons for concern, as this has led to an intensified use of the orbital environment, creating more congestion and debris. Furthermore, the vitality of the "new space" ecosystem is under threat from economic shocks and market entrenchment. This G20 background paper examines the emergence of the "new space" ecosystem over the last 15 years, its impact on the space sector and society at large and the role of governments in ensuring sustained and sustainable growth of the sector. The paper provides a definition of "new space" activities to better target policy responses and suggests policy options to address these challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/a67b1a1c-en
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  • 34
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    Measuring governments' R&D funding response to COVID-19 : An application of the OECD Fundstat infrastructure to the analysis of R&D directionality (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/06
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents new evidence on the size and direction of governments' R&D funding response to the COVID-19 pandemic through the exploration of a novel data infrastructure, the OECD Fundstat initiative for the analysis of government-funded R&D projects. The document reports on the exploratory development and application of automatic classification tools to detect relevant COVID-19 R&D funding, map salient topics and classify and allocate project funding according to priorities in the WHO COVID-19 R&D Blueprint, as well as comparing results with similar analysis of scientific publication output data. The results provide new insights on which areas of enquiry were prioritised by governmental R&D funding bodies.
    DOI: 10.1787/4889f5f2-en
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  • 35
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    OECD-FAO Business Handbook on Deforestation and Due Diligence in Agricultural Supply Chains (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264513082 , 9789264797123 , 9789264997943
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Entwaldung ; Lieferkette ; Landwirtschaft ; Due Diligence ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This handbook was developed by OECD and FAO to help companies embed considerations on deforestation and forest degradation into their corporate due diligence procedures. It is informed by FAO's extensive work and experience on halting deforestation and forest degradation and promoting responsible governance of tenure. The handbook builds on the leading international, government-backed standards on supply chain due diligence and responsible business conduct: the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct and the associated due diligence framework set out in the OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains and the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct. This handbook demonstrates how the OECD-FAO Guidance can be applied to address deforestation by contextualising existing recommendations and directing users towards helpful sources of due diligence information.
    DOI: 10.1787/c0d4bca7-en
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  • 36
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    Quantifying industrial strategies across nine OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.150
    Schlagwort(e): Industriepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Industrial policy has resurfaced prominently in academic and policy discussions in the wake of major shocks and long-term trends. However, quantifying industrial strategies across countries remains difficult. The ‘Quantifying Industrial Strategies’ (QuIS) project measures industrial policy expenditures by gathering and harmonising publicly available data, based on a new methodology. This report summarises the composition of industrial strategies in the first nine participating countries in terms of expenditures, priorities, and policy instruments for the period 2019-21. The report finds that industrial policies are sizeable, with 1.5% of GDP in grants and tax expenditures, and with an important heterogeneity across countries in terms of strategic priorities; industrial strategies mainly rely on sectoral instruments, representing on average 29% of grants and tax expenditures; and green instruments are important and rose significantly in six out of nine countries between 2019 and 2021.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f2dcc8e-en
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  • 37
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    COVID-19 and policy for science (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.152
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This is the first in a series of three reports that explore how science was mobilised in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on policy for science – access to data and information, the role of infrastructures and the interface between academia and industry. The report includes recommendations and options for policy action to improve the resilience of national science systems and their capacity to co-operate internationally in response to crises. The context in each country is different, as illustrated by the many case studies included in the report, and so the priority attached to these recommendations and the specific details of how they might be implemented will vary. They are provided as an overall framework for science policymakers and other actors, including research funders and research providers, to consider.
    DOI: 10.1787/8f86e60b-en
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  • 38
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    Public research funding in Sweden : Optimising the system in response to multiple demands (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.148
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Sweden
    Kurzfassung: This report provides input to a national review of the public research funding system in Sweden. It is designed to inform a broader dialogue that is taking place amongst different research stakeholders in Sweden. The report contains proposals and options for changes for Swedish public funding of research and innovation to effectively promote research excellence, support innovation and respond to societal needs. These proposals are supported by relevant international examples. The analysis takes into account insights from the OECD review of innovation policy in Sweden in 2016 and recent OECD work on different aspects of public research funding and research infrastructure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9eb9a85b-en
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  • 39
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    Improving Framework Conditions for the Digital Transformation of Businesses in Kazakhstan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264483682 , 9789264965935 , 9789264893344
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Улучшение рамочных условий для цифровой трансформации бизнеса в Казахстане
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Privatwirtschaft ; Kasachstan ; Science and Technology ; Kazakhstan
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, Kazakhstan has developed a comprehensive digital government system and begun to create the legal and regulatory conditions for the digital transformation of the country’s economy. The digitalisation of the private sector requires further improvements in framework conditions, such as reliable access to broadband services, quality and affordability of networks, and digital security for businesses. Based on recent OECD work on digital framework conditions, this report examines the legal and operational environment that is holding back the digital transformation of private firms in Kazakhstan. The report suggests three sets of actions: (1) addressing the remaining Internet quality and connectivity gaps, notably by mobilising the regional public sector to improve the quality and density of networks, and by expanding the inclusion of the private sector in the policy-making process; (2) improving competition in, and the investment attractiveness of, the telecom sector by setting-up an independent national telecom regulator, and by developing a targeted investment attraction strategy to prepare for deployment of next-generation communication networks; and (3) adapting the regulatory and policy framework for firms adapting to new digital challenges and raising their awareness of digital security.
    DOI: 10.1787/368d4d01-en
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  • 40
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    Cost and uptake of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/03
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Despite the increasing adoption of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation in the OECD area and beyond, evidence on the availability, design, generosity and actual cost of these incentives remains scarce. This report helps fill this gap by documenting government efforts to provide preferential tax treatment of economic outputs of innovation activities. Drawing on the responses of national contact points to the OECD KNOWINTAX surveys carried out in 2020 and 2021, it presents new evidence on the cost (foregone tax revenues) and uptake of income-based-tax incentives by businesses in 2019, and tracks their distribution by firm size and industry and their evolution over the 2000-2019 period.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f531faf-en
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  • 41
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    OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264813632
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises
    Schlagwort(e): Multinationales Unternehmen ; Unternehmensethik ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Amtliche Publikation
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct are recommendations addressed by governments to multinational enterprises. They aim to encourage positive contributions enterprises can make to economic, environmental and social progress, and to minimise adverse impacts on matters covered by the Guidelines that may be associated with an enterprise’s operations, products and services. The Guidelines cover all key areas of business responsibility, including human rights, labour rights, environment, bribery, consumer interests, disclosure, science and technology, competition, and taxation. The 2023 edition of the Guidelines provides updated recommendations for responsible business conduct across key areas, such as climate change, biodiversity, technology, business integrity and supply chain due diligence, as well as updated implementation procedures for the National Contact Points for Responsible Business Conduct.
    DOI: 10.1787/81f92357-en
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  • 42
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    Strengthening Latvia’s Housing Affordability Fund (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264996175 , 9789264390058 , 9789264382978
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (133 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Wohnungspolitik ; Investmentfonds ; Immobilienfinanzierung ; Immobilienpreis ; Wohnkosten ; Wohnungsmarkt ; Lettland ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Latvia
    Kurzfassung: The Latvian government established the Housing Affordability Fund in mid-2022, a long-term self-sustaining financing model to channel investment into affordable housing. The fund is now being scaled up to ensure lasting impact on the Latvian housing market. This report identifies options for institutional arrangements, funding and financing opportunities, and operational tools to achieve this aim. It draws on the rich and diverse experiences of four peer countries in establishing and operating revolving fund schemes for affordable housing (Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands and Slovenia), and also reflects findings from engagement with a range of stakeholders in the Latvian housing sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/84736a67-en
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  • 43
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    A framework for working effectively across public agencies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 2 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: This paper outlines key issues and provides insights to government leaders looking to design and implement initiatives that require joint working across public agencies. The first part of this paper defines key concepts and explores the benefits and related costs of cross-agency initiatives. The second discusses various contextual elements that need to be considered when making decisions about how to design cross-agency initiatives, including the nature of the objectives, the systems of government, and relationships among potential partners. The third section looks at different models across four fundamental elements: governance; people (team support), funding, and performance monitoring. The final section looks at some of the main systemic elements that can support cross-agency initiatives success.
    DOI: 10.1787/c6b0d3a7-en
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  • 44
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    Tax and Investment by Multinational Enterprises (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.64
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates two closely related questions concerning the responses of Multi-National Enterprise (MNE) investment to corporate income taxation using a panel of unconsolidated subsidiary-level and consolidated group-level data from the ORBIS database. First, the paper provides new evidence on the heterogeneity of investment responses to taxation across multinational firms. This paper finds that profit shifting opportunities, access to credit, and market power at the group level are associated with decreased investment sensitivity to taxation among MNE subsidiaries. Second, a new empirical approach is used to investigate how tax changes at the host jurisdiction level affect investment at the MNE group level and whether there are propagation effects to foreign subsidiaries within the same MNE group. This paper finds that taxation in one jurisdiction in which an MNE is active is positively associated with investment in its subsidiaries in other jurisdictions. This finding suggests that the well-document negative relationship between taxation and MNE investment within a host jurisdiction masks the MNE rebalancing the location of its investment to other host jurisdictions in response to changes in cross-jurisdictional tax rate differentials rather than purely decreasing its investment globally.
    DOI: 10.1787/e817ce39-en
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  • 45
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    The Impact of R&D tax incentives : Results from the OECD microBeRD+ project (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.159
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: This document reports on the final output of the OECD microBeRD+ project. Drawing on the outcomes of previous work, this study presents new evidence on the impact of business R&D support policies – tax incentives and direct forms of support – on business R&D investment (R&D input additionality) and the innovation and economic performance of firms (R&D output additionality). The report also provides an exploratory analysis of R&D spillovers.
    DOI: 10.1787/1937ac6b-en
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  • 46
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    A supervisory framework for assessing nature-related financial risks : Identifying and navigating biodiversity risks (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.33
    Schlagwort(e): Artenvielfalt ; Finanzrisiko ; Bankenaufsicht ; Risikomanagement ; Zentralbank ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents a methodological supervisory framework to help central banks and financial supervisors assess biodiversity-related financial risks, impacts and dependencies in the financial sector, including transmission channels for physical and transition risks. This framework is designed to translate biodiversity risks into financial risks. It draws on a previous mapping of existing approaches, while also accounting for broader nature-related financial risks. While acknowledging different national circumstances, this methodological framework is designed to be applicable broadly for central banks, supervisors and commercial banks across different countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8e4991f-en
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  • 47
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    Effective tax rates for R&D intangibles (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.63
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Tax incentives such as intellectual property regimes provide for reduced taxation of the income derived from research, development, and innovation related activities. By doing so, they lower the overall tax burden from investing in certain qualified intangible assets. This paper proposes a methodology to build indicators comparing the effect of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation on firms' incentives to make R&D intangible investments. It provides insights into how such incentives affect firms' decisions on whether, where and how much to invest in R&D intangibles. These indicators are used to illustrate the extent to which these tax incentives may create potential distortions to firms' investment, protection and commercialisation decisions. The model is further developed to account for the design changes to such tax incentives introduced by the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting minimum standard.
    DOI: 10.1787/191dad43-en
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  • 48
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    Financial consumers and sustainable finance : Policy implications and approaches (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.32
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; Verbraucherschutz ; Anlageverhalten ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This report explores issues, opportunities and challenges for financial consumers in relation to sustainable finance. It examines current trends in terms of consumer demand for and experience with sustainable finance products, as well as new risks to consumers posed by sustainable finance products. This report also explores financial consumer protection tools and responses available to policy makers and oversight authorities, illustrated by selected examples of how these tools and responses are being deployed around the world. Finally, this report offers a number of policy considerations to help guide policy makers and oversight authorities responsible for financial consumer protection.
    DOI: 10.1787/318d0494-en
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  • 49
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    Processus du G7, dit d'Hiroshima, sur l'intelligence artificielle générative : Vers une vision commune à l'échelle du G7 sur l'IA générative (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe G7 Hiroshima Process on Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): Towards a G7 Common Understanding on Generative AI
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: En mai 2023, les dirigeants du G7 ont recensé les thèmes à examiner dans le cadre du processus d'Hiroshima et demandé l'établissement rapide d'un état des lieux des possibilités et enjeux associés à l'IA générative. Ce rapport donne à voir les réponses reçues à un questionnaire conçu pour faciliter cet état des lieux et doit étayer les échanges du G7 au sujet des priorités d'action communes en ce qui concerne cette technologie. Il permet également de brosser une rapide vue d'ensemble de son évolution dans le temps et dans l'espace. Le rapport et les réponses au questionnaire doivent être considérés comme le reflet de la situation à un instant T : ils donnent une idée des tendances observables à l'été 2023, dans un contexte technologique en mutation rapide. Le rapport a contribué à éclairer et structurer les discussions tenues dans le cadre du processus du G7, dit d'Hiroshima, sur l'IA.
    DOI: 10.1787/678bee9f-fr
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  • 50
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    Mechanisms to Prevent Carbon Lock-in in Transition Finance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264986695 , 9789264476257 , 9789264732964
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Green Finance and Investment
    Schlagwort(e): Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Klimaschutz ; Emissionshandel ; Theorie ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Carbon lock-in occurs when high-emission infrastructure or assets continue to be used, despite the possibility of substituting them with low-emission alternatives, thereby delaying or preventing the transition to near-zero or zero-emission alternatives. Transition finance, which focuses on the dynamic transformation and decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors, frequently faces the issue of carbon lock-in, particularly in considerations of investment feasibility and eligibility. Despite most transition finance approaches incorporating lock-in avoidance as a core principle, existing transition instruments and approaches put in place varying or limited mechanisms to prevent lock-in. Building on the OECD Guidance on Transition Finance, this report takes stock of how carbon lock-in risk is addressed in existing transition finance approaches (such as taxonomies, roadmaps, or guidance), financial instruments, and relevant public and private investment frameworks and methodologies. The report provides good practices on the integration of credible mechanisms to prevent carbon lock-in, address greenwashing risks and build confidence in the market. It can inform both public and private actors in the development of transition finance approaches, standards for green, transition and sustainability-linked debt, frameworks for corporate transition plans, or broader climate-related disclosure frameworks.
    DOI: 10.1787/d5c49358-en
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  • 51
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    Digital Government Review of Latin America and the Caribbean : Building Inclusive and Responsive Public Services (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264503748 , 9789264752412 , 9789264739239
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (233 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Schlagwort(e): E-Government ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Karibischer Raum ; Lateinamerika ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: This report explores how governments in Latin America and the Caribbean can use digital technology and data to foster responsiveness, resilience and proactiveness in the public sector. This report looks at governance frameworks, digital government capabilities, data-driven public sector, public service design and delivery, and digital innovation in the public sector. It identifies trends, challenges, strengths, and opportunities for cross-border collaboration and provides policy recommendations to achieve an efficient and sustainable digital transformation of governments across the region.
    DOI: 10.1787/29f32e64-en
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  • 52
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    Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264323728 , 9789264718036 , 9789264417366
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Herramientas para una política de competencia con perspectiva de género
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel pour un traitement inclusif du genre dans les politiques de concurrence
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: What has competition got to do with gender? Competition authorities play a crucial role in shaping fair and thriving markets. However, the connection between competition and gender is often overlooked. This Toolkit equips competition authorities with the knowledge and tools necessary to incorporate gender considerations into their work. The Toolkit offers an evidence-based approach, going beyond theory to provide concrete recommendations that can enhance the accuracy of analysis, facilitate cartel investigations and optimise advocacy efforts. Drawing from gender research in related policy areas such as corporate governance, anti-corruption, and behavioural economics, this Toolkit provides a comprehensive framework for integrating gender considerations. By incorporating this Toolkit into their day-to-day operations, competition authorities can contribute even more to the advancement of fair and efficient markets that benefit individuals of all genders.
    DOI: 10.1787/0d789043-en
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  • 53
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    Manuel pour un traitement inclusif du genre dans les politiques de concurrence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264517523 , 9789264797970 , 9789264777705
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Herramientas para una política de competencia con perspectiva de género
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Quel est le rapport entre concurrence et problématiques de genre ? Les autorités de la concurrence jouent un rôle crucial dans la création de marchés équitables et prospères. Cependant, le lien entre la concurrence et le genre est souvent négligé. Ce manuel procure aux autorités de la concurrence les connaissances et les outils nécessaires pour intégrer les questions de genre dans leur travail. Il propose une approche fondée sur des éléments factuels, allant au-delà de la théorie, afin d'adresser des recommandations concrètes susceptibles d'améliorer la précision de l'analyse, de faciliter les enquêtes sur les ententes et d'optimiser les efforts de sensibilisation. S'inspirant de la recherche sur les problématiques de genre dans des domaines d'action connexes tels que la gouvernance d'entreprise, la lutte contre la corruption et l'économie comportementale, ce manuel offre un cadre complet pour la prise en compte des questions de genre. En intégrant ce manuel dans leurs activités quotidiennes, les autorités de la concurrence peuvent contribuer davantage encore à la promotion de marchés équitables et efficaces qui soient bénéfiques à tous les individus, indépendamment de leur genre.
    DOI: 10.1787/3a089d54-fr
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  • 54
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    OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen zu verantwortungsvollem unternehmerischem Handeln (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264537842
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct
    Schlagwort(e): Multinationales Unternehmen ; Unternehmensethik ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Die OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen zu verantwortungsvollem unternehmerischem Handeln stellen Empfehlungen der Regierungen an die multinationalen Unternehmen dar. Sie zielen darauf ab, den positiven Beitrag zu fördern, den die Unternehmen zum ökonomischen, ökologischen und sozialen Fortschritt leisten können. Außerdem können mit der Geschäftstätigkeit, den Produkten oder Dienstleistungen der Unternehmen negative Auswirkungen auf die in den Leitsätzen behandelten Themen verbunden sein – diese Effekte zu minimieren ist ein weiteres Anliegen der Leitsätze. Sie behandeln alle zentralen Bereiche der Unternehmensverantwortung, von Menschen-, Arbeitnehmerrechten und Umwelt über Bestechung, Verbraucherinteressen und Offenlegung von Informationen bis hin zu Wissenschaft, Technologie, Wettbewerb und Besteuerung. Diese Ausgabe enthält aktualisierte Empfehlungen für verantwortungsvolles unternehmerisches Handeln in zentralen Themenbereichen wie Klimawandel, Biodiversität, Technologie, geschäftliche Integrität und Sorgfaltspflichten in Lieferketten. Außerdem wurden die Umsetzungsverfahren für die Nationalen Kontaktstellen für verantwortungsvolles unternehmerisches Verhalten überarbeitet.
    DOI: 10.1787/abd4d37b-de
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  • 55
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    Diretrizes da OCDE para Empresas Multinacionais sobre Conduta Empresarial Responsável (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264495289
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen zu verantwortungsvollem unternehmerischem Handeln
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales sobre Conducta Empresarial Responsable
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: As Diretrizes da OCDE para Empresas Multinacionais sobre Conduta Empresarial Responsável são recomendações dirigidas pelos governos às empresas multinacionais. Elas visam promover as contribuições positivas por parte das empresas para o progresso econômico, ambiental e social, e minimizar os impactos adversos nas questões abrangidas pelas Diretrizes que possam estar associados às operações, produtos e serviços de uma empresa. As Diretrizes abrangem as principais áreas de responsabilidade empresarial, incluindo direitos humanos, direitos trabalhistas, meio ambiente, suborno, interesses do consumidor, divulgação, ciência e tecnologia, concorrência e tributação. A edição de 2023 das Diretrizes contém recomendações atualizadas para a conduta empresarial responsável em áreas-chave, como alterações climáticas, biodiversidade, tecnologia, integridade empresarial e devida diligência na cadeia de fornecimento, bem como procedimentos de implementação atualizados para os Pontos de Contato Nacionais para a Conduta Empresarial Responsável.
    DOI: 10.1787/663b7592-pt
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  • 56
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    Managing Climate Risks and Impacts Through Due Diligence for Responsible Business Conduct : A Tool for Institutional Investors (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264632394 , 9789264753150 , 9789264924079
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Risiko ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Institutioneller Investor ; Due Diligence ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This report explores how institutional investors can apply risk-based due diligence as recommended by the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct and help them prevent and mitigate adverse climate impacts associated with their investee companies on society and the environment. It provides practical recommendations on how to conduct due diligence as a way to connect climate commitments at portfolio level with real-economy impacts and draws on other frameworks and tools for assessing, managing or disclosing climate impacts associated with investments.
    DOI: 10.1787/8aee4fce-en
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  • 57
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    Consumer vulnerability in the digital age (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.355
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Social Web ; Verbraucherschutz ; Science and Technology ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Protecting consumers when they are most vulnerable has long been a core focus of consumer policy. This report first discusses the nature and scale of consumer vulnerability in the digital age, including its evolving conceptualisation, the role of emerging digital trends, and implications for consumer policy. It finds that in the digital age, vulnerability may be experienced not only by some consumers, but increasingly by most, if not all, consumers. Accordingly, it sets out several measures to address the vulnerability of specific consumer groups and all consumers, and concludes with avenues for more research on the topic.
    DOI: 10.1787/4d013cc5-en
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  • 58
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    Competition Market Study of Ukraine’s Electricity Sector (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264846586 , 9789264643949 , 9789264631625
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (145 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ринкове Дослідження Стану Конкуренції В Електроенергетичному Секторі України
    Schlagwort(e): Strommarkt ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Wettbewerb ; Ukraine ; Finance and Investment ; Ukraine
    Kurzfassung: This market study analyses Ukraine’s electricity sector from a competition perspective. It provides a detailed description and assessment of the regulatory framework within which the Ukrainian electricity markets operate, as well as an analysis of the obstacles to competition in the wholesale and retail markets. This report includes recommendations to address the underlying causes of ineffective competition that, if implemented in the recovery phase following Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, can contribute to achieving a well-functioning, competitive electricity sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/f28f98ed-en
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  • 59
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    Supporting FinTech Innovation in the Czech Republic : Regulatory Sandbox Design Considerations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264534803 , 9789264633049 , 9789264428553
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Podpora FinTechových inovací v České republice: Možnosti nastavení regulatorního sandboxu
    Schlagwort(e): Finanztechnologie ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; Tschechien ; Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Kurzfassung: The FinTech sector is a nascent market in the Czech Republic, with only around one hundred regulated or unregulated FinTech firms. This report analyses the Czech FinTech ecosystem and identifies possible hurdles to innovative development. The report also provides recommendations for designing a regulatory sandbox tailored to the country’s specificities and which could help alleviate some of the impediments to FinTech development. A sandbox could enhance the Czech authorities’ understanding of the impact of innovative mechanisms on financial activities, and enable supervisors to better monitor and ensure compliance of FinTech activities. It could also enhance communication between firms and authorities through targeted dialogue and customised guidance.
    DOI: 10.1787/081a005c-en
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  • 60
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    Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264919778 , 9789264830431 , 9789264795457
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Beyond Applause? Improving Working Conditions in Long-Term Care
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport présente une analyse internationale approfondie de la situation des travailleurs du secteur des soins de longue durée au regard des différentes dimensions de la qualité des emplois. Dans les premières phases de la pandémie de COVID-19, les applaudissements adressés aux soignants ont été l’expression manifeste de la reconnaissance de leur travail acharné et des risques auxquels leurs fonctions les exposaient. Cependant, alors que les applaudissements se faisaient plus rares après le pic de la crise, la question de l’amélioration durable des conditions de travail des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée est revenue sur le devant de la scène. Au cours des prochaines décennies, la demande de travail en provenance des entreprises de ce secteur va augmenter sensiblement. Plusieurs pays sont déjà confrontés à des pénuries à mesure que la génération du baby-boom entre dans le troisième âge. Pour aller Au-delà des applaudissements, il est nécessaire d’adopter une stratégie d’action globale pour remédier aux conditions de travail médiocres et à la reconnaissance sociale insuffisante des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée, attirer des travailleurs et éviter que les pénuries de main-d’œuvre n’atteignent des niveaux inacceptables. Une stratégie de ce type doit prendre en compte plusieurs dimensions et s’adapter aux priorités de chaque pays, par exemple mettre en place des interventions directes visant à augmenter les salaires et à relever les qualifications requises ; augmenter les financements publics et développer le rôle moteur des pouvoirs publics ; soutenir la négociation collective et le dialogue social ; renforcer la formation ; développer le recours aux nouvelles technologies ; et consolider les politiques de prévention dans le domaine de la santé. Il s’agit d’une version abrégée de la publication d’origine, composée du résumé et du chapitre 1, qui est le chapitre de présentation générale.
    DOI: 10.1787/160ef74a-fr
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  • 61
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    Beyond Applause? Improving Working Conditions in Long-Term Care (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264646094 , 9789264658349 , 9789264445581
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée)
    Schlagwort(e): Häusliche Pflege ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Pflegeberufe ; Pflegefinanzierung ; Pflegeversicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This report presents an in-depth cross-country analysis of how long-term care workers fare along the different dimensions of job quality. In the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the applause for care workers was a clear expression of the strong recognition of their hard work and exposure to risks in their job. However, as the applause faded after the peak of the crisis, questions have re-emerged about how to improve the working conditions of long-term care workers in a sustainable way. Over the coming decades, the demand for these workers will increase substantially. Several countries are already facing shortages as the large baby-boom generation joins the older population. To go Beyond Applause, a comprehensive policy strategy is needed to tackle poor working conditions and insufficient social recognition of long-term care work, attract workers in the sector and avoid labour shortages reaching unacceptable levels. Such a strategy should cover several dimensions, with different priorities across countries depending on their specific context, including: direct interventions to raise wages and increase staff requirements; increasing public financing and fostering the leading role by governments; supporting collective bargaining and social dialogue; strengthening training; increasing use of new technologies; and, strengthening health prevention policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/27d33ab3-en
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  • 62
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    Insights on the Business Climate in Uzbekistan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264357334 , 9789264851894 , 9789264651142
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Анализ делового климата в Узбекистане
    Schlagwort(e): Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Uzbekistan
    Kurzfassung: Addressing barriers to private-sector development has been a long-standing ambition of the government of Uzbekistan, with an extensive programme of reforms that began in 2017 redoubling efforts to foster the growth of a more competitive and productive population of private-sector firms. Uzbekistan needs a more dynamic and innovative private sector if it is to meet the challenges and seize the opportunities of the green and digital transitions, which create a new impetus for accelerating these reforms. Elaborating on feedback garnered through a small, focussed survey of foreign firms in Uzbekistan, this report provides new insights into their perceptions of the ongoing reform process and in doing so draws attention to some of the most pressing issues facing policymakers and business.
    DOI: 10.1787/317ce52e-en
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  • 63
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    Digital Skills for Private Sector Competitiveness in Uzbekistan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264351011 , 9789264750920 , 9789264505490
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Развитие цифровых навыков с целью повышения конкурентоспособности частного сектора в Узбекистане
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Qualifikation ; Privatwirtschaft ; Usbekistan ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Since 2019, digital transformation has been a clear policy priority in Uzbekistan. While the country has made significant progress in terms of Internet access, quality and affordability, digital uptake among firms remains low. This lack of digital skills seems to be a limiting factor affecting the digital transformation of business. Based on recent OECD work on digitalisation, this report examines what is holding back the digital upskilling of businesses in Uzbekistan. It suggests three sets of policy actions: (1) developing a supportive institutional framework for the digital uptake of firms; (2) raising firms’ awareness of the importance of acquiring digital and complementary skills; and (3) expanding existing support to digitalise while addressing the gender digital divide.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c54f447-en
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  • 64
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    FDI Qualities Review of Chile : Boosting Sustainable Development and Diversification (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264398559 , 9789264753327 , 9789264624269
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examen de la calidad de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) en Chile : Impulsar el desarrollo sostenible y la diversificación
    Schlagwort(e): Auslandsinvestition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Chile ; Finance and Investment ; Chile
    Kurzfassung: This report provides policy recommendations on how to strengthen the economic, social and environmental benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI). It provides an extensive assessment on how FDI contributes to Chile’s economic diversification into sustainable and knowledge-intensive activities (e.g. green hydrogen, information technology), and also assesses the policy and regulatory framework influencing the impact of FDI on sustainable development in Chile.
    DOI: 10.1787/98bf1829-en
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  • 65
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    Water Financing and Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia : Highlights of a National Dialogue on Water (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264962590 , 9789264451698 , 9789264378087
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (119 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Studies on Water
    Schlagwort(e): Überschwemmung ; Katastrophenschutz ; Indonesien ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Indonesia
    Kurzfassung: This report presents the policy recommendations resulting from the National Dialogue on Water in Indonesia, which took place between June 2022 and March 2023. Getting water resources management right, underpinned with appropriate financing mechanisms, is a prerequisite for realising Indonesia’s ambitious national economic growth agenda to become one of the top five global economies by 2045. The Dialogue, therefore, centred around two priority areas: 1) financing water infrastructure and 2) non-structural measures for flood disaster risk reduction. The report explores several instruments to enhance the financing of water services in Indonesia, such as the advantages and disadvantages of uniform water tariffs, independent economic regulation, pollution charges and demand management instruments. The report recommends the utilisation of land value capture as an additional source of financing. It also explores how water information systems for disaster response, flood forecasting and early warning can reduce flood disaster risk. The National Dialogue on Water in Indonesia is part of a regional initiative with the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea, the Asia Water Council and the OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/3205b20a-en
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  • 66
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    Toolkit für genderinklusiven Wettbewerb (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264695412 , 9789264573819 , 9789264595231
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Herramientas para una política de competencia con perspectiva de género
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel pour un traitement inclusif du genre dans les politiques de concurrence
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Was hat der Wettbewerb mit dem Gender zu tun? Die Wettbewerbsbehörden spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Gestaltung fairer und florierender Märkte. Die Verbindung zwischen Wettbewerb und Gender wird jedoch oft übersehen. Dieses Toolkit gibt den Wettbewerbsbehörden das nötige Wissen und die Instrumente in die Hand, um Aspekte, die das Gender berücksichtigen, in ihre Arbeit einzubeziehen. Das Toolkit bietet einen evidenzbasierten Ansatz, der über die Theorie hinausgeht und konkrete Empfehlungen liefert, die die Genauigkeit der Analyse verbessern, Kartelluntersuchungen erleichtern und die Advocacy-Bemühungen optimieren können. Das Toolkit stützt sich auf die Gender-Forschung in verwandten Politikbereichen wie Unternehmensführung, Korruptionsbekämpfung und Verhaltensökonomie und bietet einen umfassenden Rahmen für die Einbeziehung von Gender-Überlegungen. Indem sie dieses Toolkit in ihre tägliche Arbeit einbeziehen, können die Wettbewerbsbehörden noch mehr zur Förderung fairer und effizienter Märkte beitragen, von denen Menschen aller Gender profitieren.
    DOI: 10.1787/6ea037c5-de
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  • 67
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    Initial policy considerations for generative artificial intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.1
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) creates new content in response to prompts, offering transformative potential across multiple sectors such as education, entertainment, healthcare and scientific research. However, these technologies also pose critical societal and policy challenges that policy makers must confront: potential shifts in labour markets, copyright uncertainties, and risk associated with the perpetuation of societal biases and the potential for misuse in the creation of disinformation and manipulated content. Consequences could extend to the spreading of mis- and disinformation, perpetuation of discrimination, distortion of public discourse and markets, and the incitement of violence. Governments recognise the transformative impact of generative AI and are actively working to address these challenges. This paper aims to inform these policy considerations and support decision makers in addressing them.
    DOI: 10.1787/fae2d1e6-en
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  • 68
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    Climate change mitigation scenarios for financial sector target setting and alignment assessment : A stocktake and analysis of their Paris-consistency, practicality and assumptions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.223
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Climate change mitigation scenarios are a key forward-looking input for a range of financial sector analyses and assessments. The inaccurate use of mitigation scenarios can, however, contribute to unintended incentives, environmental integrity concerns, and greenwashing risks. This paper aims to inform climate change mitigation scenario providers, financial sector participants and stakeholders, and climate policymakers on how they may contribute to improved use of scenarios for the purposes of target setting and alignment assessments in the financial sector. To do so, the paper analyses climate change mitigation scenarios currently used for these purposes, based on the following analytical dimensions: consistency with the Paris Agreement, practicality, and underlying assumptions.
    DOI: 10.1787/bcd25b82-en
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  • 69
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    Herramientas para una política de competencia con perspectiva de género (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264348769 , 9789264782686 , 9789264738881
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel pour un traitement inclusif du genre dans les politiques de concurrence
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: ¿Qué tiene que ver la competencia con el género? Las autoridades encargadas de proteger la competencia desempeñan un papel crucial en la configuración de mercados justos y prósperos. Sin embargo, a menudo se pasa por alto la conexión entre competencia y género. Esta Guía práctica proporciona a las autoridades de competencia los conocimientos y herramientas útiles para incorporar consideraciones de género en su trabajo. El conjunto de herramientas ofrece un enfoque basado en pruebas, que va más allá de la teoría para proporcionar recomendaciones concretas que pueden mejorar la precisión del análisis, facilitar las investigaciones sobre cárteles y optimizar los esfuerzos de promoción. A partir de la investigación sobre el género en ámbitos políticos relacionados, como la gobernanza empresarial, la lucha contra la corrupción y la economía del comportamiento, este conjunto de herramientas ofrece un marco completo para integrar las consideraciones de género. Al incorporar estas herramientas en sus operaciones cotidianas, las autoridades de competencia pueden contribuir aún más al avance de mercados justos y eficientes que beneficien a las personas de todos los géneros.
    DOI: 10.1787/c00dcb4c-es
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  • 70
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    Promoting diverse career pathways for doctoral and postdoctoral researchers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.158
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses the career options of doctoral and postdoctoral researchers. It identifies policies and practices to promote diverse careers, flexible career trajectories and ultimately better-quality research and innovation across different economic and social sectors. The report presents a conceptual framework and synthesis of available data and policy information. It offers recommendations and a set of policy options to: promote engagement and interaction with employers outside academia; provide researchers with experience and skills for diverse careers; encourage valorisation of diverse career options; support career development and guidance for researchers; promote inter-sectoral mobility; and, reconfigure and support careers in academia.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc21227a-en
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  • 71
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    Transformative innovation policy in practice in Austria, Finland and Sweden : What do the Recovery and Resilience Plans tell us about linking transformation and innovation policy? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.156
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Science and Technology ; Governance ; Austria ; Finland ; Sweden
    Kurzfassung: Governments are increasingly utilising research and innovation (R&I) policy to foster economic and societal change. Yet, the empirical correlation between these policies and socio-technical transformations remains under-explored. The report investigates this relationship by comparing the Recovery and Resilience Plans (RRPs) of Austria, Finland and Sweden, initiated under the NextGenerationEU framework post Covid-19. The report finds significant disparities in the content, process and transformative value of the RRPs among these countries. The differences in the content of the national RRPs, and the ability and willingness to seize the opportunity presented by the RRPs to drive transformation, are explained by existing national policy contexts and frameworks. Surprisingly, the role of R&I policy in the RRPs is less important than expected, despite its emphasised importance in literature and political rhetoric. The report further identifies implications for a transformative innovation policy as well as areas for further research.
    DOI: 10.1787/45d3a149-en
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  • 72
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    Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales sobre Conducta Empresarial Responsable (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264509856
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen zu verantwortungsvollem unternehmerischem Handeln
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Diretrizes da OCDE para Empresas Multinacionais sobre Conduta Empresarial Responsável
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales sobre Conducta Empresarial Responsable son recomendaciones dirigidas por los gobiernos a las empresas multinacionales. Su objetivo es fomentar las contribuciones positivas que las empresas pueden hacer al progreso económico, ambiental y social, y minimizar los impactos negativos en los ámbitos cubiertos por las Líneas Directrices que puedan estar asociados a las operaciones, productos y servicios de una empresa. Las Líneas Directrices cubren todas las áreas clave de la responsabilidad empresarial, incluidos los derechos humanos, los derechos laborales, el medio ambiente, el cohecho, los intereses de los consumidores, la divulgación de información, la ciencia y la tecnología, la competencia y las cuestiones tributarias. La edición de 2023 de las Líneas Directrices proporciona recomendaciones actualizadas para la conducta empresarial responsable en áreas clave, como el cambio climático, la biodiversidad, la tecnología, la integridad empresarial y la debida diligencia en las cadenas de suministro, así como procedimientos de implementación actualizados para los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto para la Conducta Empresarial Responsable.
    DOI: 10.1787/7abea681-es
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  • 73
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    G7 Hiroshima Process on Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) : Towards a G7 Common Understanding on Generative AI (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; G7-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: In May 2023, G7 Leaders identified topics for discussion in the Hiroshima Artificial Intelligence (AI) Process and called for an early stocktaking of opportunities and challenges related to generative AI. This report presents the results of a questionnaire to G7 members developed to support the stocktaking and help guide G7 discussions on common policy priorities about generative AI. It also provides a brief overview of the development of generative AI over time and across countries. The report and questionnaire results represent a snapshot in time: they are indicative of trends identified in the first half of 2023 in a rapidly evolving area of technology. The report helped inform and structure discussions of the G7 Hiroshima AI Process.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf3c0c60-en
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  • 74
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    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Latin America : Insights from Chile, Colombia and Mexico (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264392083 , 9789264433953 , 9789264946637
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Schlagwort(e): IT-Berufe ; Datensicherheit ; IT-Kriminalität ; Qualifikation ; Fachkräfte ; Lateinamerika ; Kolumbien ; Mexiko ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Chile ; Colombia ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: As societies become increasingly digital, the importance of cyber security has grown significantly for individuals, companies, and nations. The rising number of cyber attacks surpasses the existing defense capabilities, partly due to a shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the analysis of the demand for cyber security experts in Latin America, using information from online job postings in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. The analysis investigates recent trends in job demand for various cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the evolving skill requirements in this field. Additionally, the report focuses on the supply side by examining the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in Colombia. It explores the different types of programmes offered in vocational and higher education, the characteristics of learners enrolled in these programmes, and their outcomes. Lastly, the report examines policies and initiatives implemented in Colombia to enhance the accessibility and relevance of cyber security education and training programmes. This report is part of a broader initiative that examines the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9400ab5c-en
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  • 75
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    Online-Ressource
    Main Findings from the 2022 OECD Risks that Matter Survey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264765085 , 9789264918832 , 9789264808416
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Verbraucherpreisindex ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Risiko ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Prices of essentials like energy and food have increased dramatically in OECD countries, adding uncertainty to household finances despite a persistently strong labour market post COVID-19. The latest edition of the OECD Risks that Matter (RTM) survey confirms that costs of living are at the top of people's minds even in the world's wealthiest countries: around nine in ten respondents, on average, report feeling concerned about inflation. Drawing on a representative sample of 27 000 respondents across 27 OECD countries, RTM illustrates respondents' perceived economic risks, levels of satisfaction with current social policies, and preferences for future government action on social protection. People are calling on governments to help with the cost-of-living crisis, to spend more on health post COVID-19, and to reinforce support for older people, including in long-term care. Based on a comprehensive cross-national survey of perceptions of social protection, this report offers lessons for the functioning of social programmes as countries emerge from COVID-19, manage the cost-of-living crisis, and plan for future challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/70aea928-en
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  • 76
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    Online-Ressource
    Financing Cities of Tomorrow : G20/OECD Report for the G20 Infrastructure Working Group under the Indian Presidency (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Stadtwachstum ; Finanzierung ; Stadtökonomik ; Kommunale Infrastruktur ; Stadtentwicklung ; Klimawandel ; Digitalisierung ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: By 2050, the global population living in cities is projected to reach 5 billion, growing from 3.5 billion in 2015. Massive investment in infrastructure will be needed to accommodate this growth, and to adapt infrastructure to climate change and benefit from the digital transition. This report explores three ways to meet this challenge. Firstly, it outlines how new forms of urban planning can help to mobilise private finance for inclusive, resilient and sustainable urban investment. Secondly, it explores how leveraging private investment can help to strengthen cities capacity to support needed investment in a tighter fiscal environment. Finally, it considers the potential opportunities and challenges for mobilising sustainable finance – green, social and sustainable bonds and loans, sustainability-linked bonds and catastrophe bonds – for infrastructure investment by City Governments. The report also includes 17 short case studies from 12 countries that demonstrate innovative practices for creating the Cities of Tomorrow.
    DOI: 10.1787/51bd124a-en
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  • 77
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    Assessment of merger control in the Philippines (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.34
    Schlagwort(e): Fusionskontrolle ; Philippinen ; Finance and Investment ; Philippines
    Kurzfassung: The Philippines has developed their merger control regime quickly and effectively since the Competition Authority was created in 2016, thus establishing a reputed merger control system. This report assesses those important developments and makes policy recommendations to further strengthen the Philippines' merger control regime based on principles of transparency, integrity and procedural fairness. This, in turn, can help promote and protect competition in the economy, which increases productivity and overall economic performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f76f1a7-en
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  • 78
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    Online-Ressource
    Networks and rural-urban linkages for rural innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Papers no.53
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This working paper examines the role of networks and rural-urban linkages to absorb and enhance innovation in rural regions, placing a special focus on the distinctive characteristics of rural areas that drive the different ways they adopt and diffuse innovation. After a review of the literature on innovation and innovation adoption through networks and linkages for rural areas, three enablers of innovation absorption and diffusion through networks and linkages are discussed: place-based networks focusing on digital infrastructure; linkages between people via migration flows; and firm-based networks including university-industry linkages, international trade and foreign ownership, and clusters. It also provides some policy-takeaways.
    DOI: 10.1787/4928f26b-en
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  • 79
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    Review of the OECD Recommendation on Cross-Border Co-operation in the Enforcement of Laws Protecting Privacy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.359
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses the continued relevance of the OECD Recommendation on Cross-Border Co-operation in the Enforcement of Laws Protecting Privacy, originally adopted in 2007. It examines whether the Recommendation has kept pace with the evolving needs of Privacy Enforcement Authorities (PEAs) in light of significant technological and legal changes over the past 15 years. While the principles underlying the Recommendation are seen to remain solid, the report highlights several gaps and challenges for cross-border enforcement co-operation. It concludes that the OECD could either provide additional guidance to support the implementation of the Recommendation or consider revising it to better address current challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/67774f69-en
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  • 80
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    Very Large Research Infrastructures : Policy issues and options (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.153
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Very Large Research Infrastructures (VLRIs) are unique, complex undertakings with a strong international dimension that play a critical role in frontier research in most scientific domains. VLRIs require considerable care in their construction and operation, as well as very substantial investments and technological innovations. Recent evolutions in the political, socio-economic and scientific context are challenging their established planning and management models. This policy report identifies and analyses good practices and presents a series of lessons learned regarding the establishment of VLRIs, options for improving their use and operation, as well as more strategic considerations that VLRI managers, funders and decision-makers should take into consideration.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b93187f-en
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  • 81
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    DeFi liquidations : Volatility and liquidity (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions no.48
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This work delves into the liquidations mechanism inherent in Decentralised Finance (DeFi) lending protocols and the connection between liquidations and price volatility in decentralised exchanges (DEXs). The analysis employs transactional data of three of the largest DeFi lending protocols and provides evidence of a positive relation between liquidations and post-liquidations price volatility across the main DEX pools. Without directly observing the behaviour of liquidators, these findings indirectly indicate that liquidators require market liquidity to carry out large liquidations and affect market conditions while doing so.
    DOI: 10.1787/0524faaf-en
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  • 82
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    Measuring the Internet of Things (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264865181 , 9789264998162 , 9789264477308
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Internet der Dinge ; Innovationsakzeptanz ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report explores the current state of Internet of Things (IoT) adoption and usage in OECD countries among businesses, households, and individuals. It analyzes IoT trends based on semiconductors, patents, venture capital investments, and firms. Additionally, it includes two case studies that examine the implementation of IoT in manufacturing and healthcare.
    DOI: 10.1787/021333b7-en
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  • 83
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    Manuel à l'intention des entreprises sur le devoir de diligence dans le secteur du cacao : Lutter contre le travail des enfants et le travail forcé (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264326774 , 9789264573413 , 9789264511989
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Business Handbook on Due Diligence in the Cocoa Sector: Addressing Child Labour and Forced Labour
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Le présent Manuel a pour but d'aider les entreprises à identifier et prévenir les risques relatifs au travail des enfants et au travail forcé dans le secteur du cacao, et à y remédier. Ce Manuel repose sur les principales normes internationales soutenues par les gouvernements en matière de devoir de diligence dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement et de conduite responsable des entreprises : les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises ainsi que le Guide OCDE sur le devoir de diligence pour une conduite responsable des entreprises et le Guide OCDE-FAO pour des filières agricoles responsables y afférent. Le présent Manuel a été élaboré en collaboration avec la fondation International Cocoa Initiative (ICI), avec le soutien financier du ministère allemand de la Coopération économique et du Développement (BMZ) et les contributions techniques de la Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ).
    DOI: 10.1787/18a36896-fr
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  • 84
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    Measuring Innovation in Education 2023 : Tools and Methods for Data-Driven Action and Improvement (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264737686 , 9789264600201 , 9789264731882
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (287 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Educational Research and Innovation
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsforschung ; Bildung ; Innovation ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Measuring innovation in education and understanding its drivers and obstacles is essential to improve the quality of the education sector – and of specific educational establishments. Are pedagogical and administrative practices changing in the expected direction? Do educational institution have a positive innovation culture that supports innovation? What are the drivers of innovation that policy makers or institution leaders could influence to achieve the systems' educational objectives? How much do countries invest in educational research? This book proposes insights and tools to policy makers and education leaders willing to drive change based on data and evidence and new tools and methodologies for education policy makers and institution leaders to answer those questions. Based on the research literature and the long experience of innovation and research surveys, these tools are meant either for a statistical collection or to engage in self-reflection at the institutional level. Three aspects of innovation are covered: educational innovation at the system level, innovation culture within educational institutions, innovation towards equity in education. A questionnaire to measure educational research and experimental development expenditures and implementation and new methodologies to measure certain aspects of educational innovation and educational research based on big data and bibliometrics are also presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/a7167546-en
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  • 85
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    Energía renovable distribuida en Colombia : Desbloqueando la inversión privada para zonas no-interconectadas (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (125 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Distributed renewable energy in Colombia: Unlocking private investment for non-interconnected zones
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Colombia
    Kurzfassung: Colombia ha priorizado el uso de energías renovables para expandir y mejorar los servicios de energía eléctrica de la población en zonas no interconectadas con la red nacional. Las recientes políticas y normas han respaldado esta ambición con medidas sucesivas para fortalecer las condiciones de inversión en energía renovable distribuida, tales como las soluciones solares fotovoltaicas (FV) independientes y minirredes solares FV híbridas. El mercado de energías renovables distribuidas en zonas no interconectadas aún es relativamente nuevo, lo cual se ve reflejado en los altos costos para conectar nuevos usuarios. Los nuevos modelos de negocio y financiamiento serán cruciales para reducir el costo de las nuevas tecnologías de energía renovable, acceder a capital privado y préstamos en volúmenes mayores y, a la larga, avanzar hacia el remplazo de los sistemas contaminantes e ineficientes de generación de diésel. En base a experiencias internacionales, el presente artículo analiza los enfoques para fortalecer las condiciones de inversión, teniendo en cuenta los mecanismos de soporte e instrumentos de eliminación de riesgos utilizados en otros lugares, los cuales pueden ayudar a cerrar la brecha financiera en Colombia.
    DOI: 10.1787/58322dd6-es
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  • 86
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    Podpora FinTechových inovací v České republice : Možnosti nastavení regulatorního sandboxu (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264879485 , 9789264857797 , 9789264631748
    Sprache: Tschechisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting FinTech Innovation in the Czech Republic: Regulatory Sandbox Design Considerations
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Kurzfassung: S přibližně stovkou FinTechových společností nabízejících regulované či neregulované služby se FinTech jako odvětví v České republice teprve vytváří. Tato zpráva analyzuje české FinTechové prostředí a identifikuje potenciální překážky, které rozvoj inovací ztěžují. Zpráva obsahuje rovněž pro zemi specifická doporučení, jak nastavit regulatorní sandbox, která by mohla pomoci zmírnit překážky rozvoje finančních technologií. Sandbox by mohl zlepšit porozumění českých orgánů o dopadech inovativních nástrojů na finanční aktivity a umožnit orgánu dohledu lépe sledovat a zajištovat soulad FinTechových aktivit s pravidly. Dalším přínosem by také mohlo být zlepšení komunikace mezi podniky a orgánem dohledu prostřednictvím cíleného dialogu a pokynů.
    DOI: 10.1787/45da1c37-cs
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  • 87
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    Artificial Intelligence in Science : Challenges, Opportunities and the Future of Research (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8d820bd-en
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  • 88
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    Pierre par pierre (Volume 2) : De meilleures politiques du logement dans l’après COVID-19 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264343382 , 9789264547704 , 9789264338050
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Brick by Brick (Volume 2): Better Housing Policies in the Post-COVID-19 Era
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: S'appuyant sur les conclusions de Pierre par pierre : Bâtir de nouvelles politiques du logement, ce deuxième volume se penche sur les tendances de fond qui façonnent les politiques du logement dans l'ère post-COVID-19. Le premier chapitre offre une vue d'ensemble en examinant la nécessité de surveiller l'impact de la pandémie sur l'accessibilité du logement, de répondre à la crise énergétique par l’intensification des efforts de décarbonation des logements, de maintenir la résilience du système financier face aux cycles immobiliers et de faciliter l’adaptation des marchés du logement à la montée en puissance du travail à distance et des préoccupations environnementales. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à la décarbonisation du secteur du logement. Il recommande de combiner tarification du carbone, certification et réglementation de l'efficacité énergétique, et subventions pour atteindre les objectifs de zéro émission nette tout en tenant compte des spécificités du marché du logement. Le chapitre appelle également au déploiement de politiques complémentaires pour limiter les effets négatifs sur les ménages à faible revenu. Le troisième chapitre examine le financement du logement, en mettant l'accent sur la tension entre le soutien aux emprunts hypothécaires et la promotion de la résilience financière. Il aborde également l'essor du financement non bancaire de l'immobilier et le soutien que les marchés du crédit hypothécaire peuvent apporter à la décarbonisation du logement. Le quatrième chapitre, qui explore la manière dont le nouvel équilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie privée, rendu possible par l'essor du travail à distance, remodèle la demande de logements, propose un ensemble d’ajustements des politiques urbaines pour répondre à ce changement. Dans l'ensemble, le rapport fournit un large éventail d’options de réforme pour améliorer les politiques de logement dans le monde post-pandémique.
    DOI: 10.1787/43b303bd-fr
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  • 89
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    Insights on the Business Climate in Kazakhstan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264950467 , 9789264818279 , 9789264596221
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Анализ делового климата в Казахстане
    Schlagwort(e): Frühindikator ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Privatwirtschaft ; Reform ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Kazakhstan
    Kurzfassung: The global push for more sustainable and less-carbon intensive economic models has increased the salience of Kazakhstan’s long-standing diversification agenda. That this agenda remains only partially fulfilled reflects a number of issues that affect the conditions for investment, innovation and entrepreneurship. Elaborating on feedback garnered through a small, focussed survey of foreign firms in Kazakhstan, this report provides new insights into private-sector perceptions of the ongoing reform process and in doing so draws attention to some of the most pressing issues facing policymakers and business.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd780306-en
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  • 90
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    Moving forward on data free flow with trust : New evidence and analysis of business experiences (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.353
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report uses business consultations to investigate private-sector views on privacy and data protection rules for cross-border data flows. It aims to inform a more comprehensive understanding of challenges and ways forward for the policy agenda of ‘data free flow with trust’. While frameworks aimed at generating trust and facilitating data flows build on commonalities and elements of convergence, businesses identify challenges to fully operationalise them at the global level. In particular, businesses indicate the need for coherent principles and rules that are transparent and predictable, provide a practical balance between certainty and flexibility, and offer solutions that match business realities. Finally, the report highlights the need for greater international regulatory co-operation and leveraging the full range of options to uphold trust around privacy and data protection globally.
    DOI: 10.1787/1afab147-en
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  • 91
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    Production transformation policy review of Bangladesh : investing in the future of a trading nation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264776869 , 9789264706255 , 9789264479456
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten)
    Serie: OECD development pathways
    Schlagwort(e): Productive Capacities ; Structural Transformation ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bangladesh ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Half a century after independence, Bangladesh has achieved impressive progress. The country has transformed from one of the poorest nations into a global textile manufacturing hub capable of meeting its medical needs almost entirely through domestic pharmaceutical production. The country will graduate from the least developed country (LDC) category in 2026 and aspires to be a high-income nation through industrialisation by 2041. Meeting this challenge requires accelerating economic transformation through diversification and innovation. This Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR), implemented with the support and collaboration of the European Union (EU), and in partnership with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), identifies concrete options for supporting Bangladesh's development. It calls for leveraging digitalisation to address persistent fragilities and it advocates for a new pact based on shared responsibilities between the national government, the private sector and international partners to shift to a new development phase and ensure sustainable, smooth and irreversible graduation.
    DOI: 10.1787/8b925b06-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A time series perspective on income-based tax support for R&D and innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.62
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: The use of tax incentives that provide preferential tax treatment to the incomes arising from research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, such as intellectual property regimes, has accelerated over the last two decades. The globalisation of R&D together with the greater mobility of intangible income may have contributed to the rise in such incentives to attract and retain R&D and innovation activity while preventing the transfer of taxable base to other countries. This paper documents the changes to the availability and design of income-based tax incentives from 2000 onwards for 48 countries, including all OECD countries and EU countries. Building on this, the paper analyses trends in the generosity of income-based tax support over time by building indicators of effective tax rates that can provide insights into the impact of Action 5 of the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project.
    DOI: 10.1787/dae3cd5c-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Watered down? Investigating the financial materiality of water-related risks in the financial system (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.224
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Water-related risks are intrinsically linked to both climate and nature challenges and can be closely tied to socio-economic challenges, such as poverty, food security, and domestic and international conflicts. There is increasing evidence that water-related risks are financially material across actors in the financial system, and further still, that there may be important implications for financial stability. However, a review of current practices indicates that these risks are not fully captured by current approaches to assessing risk. This working paper explores how the financial sector understands the concept of financial materiality as a lever for decision making on water-related climate and nature risks. The paper also looks at how regulatory and supervisory guidance considers water in the context of climate and nature risks, and finally how sustainable finance tools and initiatives can support market participants in gaining an improved understanding of water-related risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/c0f4d47d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 94
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Stocktaking for the development of an AI incident definition (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.4
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Risiko ; Definition ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Artificial intelligence (AI) offers tremendous benefits but also poses risks. Some of these risks have materialised into what are known as "AI incidents". Due to the widespread use of AI in various sectors, a surge in such incidents can be expected. To effectively monitor and prevent these risks, stakeholders need a precise yet adaptable definition of AI incidents. This report presents research and findings on terminology and practices related to incident definitions, encompassing both AI-specific and cross-disciplinary contexts. It establishes a knowledge base for identifying commonalities and encouraging the development of AI-specific adaptations in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/c323ac71-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris-consistent climate change mitigation scenarios : A framework for emissions pathway classification in line with global mitigation objectives (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.222
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement, governments and economic actors have increasingly been setting greenhouse gas emissions reduction or net zero targets. Amidst risks of delayed action and greenwashing, there is need to understand whether climate related targets and transition plans are consistent with the Paris Agreement. Climate change mitigation scenarios can be used as inputs to design such targets and plans, and as benchmarks to assess progress towards them. In this context, this paper proposes criteria for selecting global climate change mitigation scenarios that can be considered consistent with the Paris Agreement temperature goal and emissions objectives, based on state-of-the-art literature on climate science and mitigation scenarios.
    DOI: 10.1787/0de87ef8-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and democratic values (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.31
    Schlagwort(e): Virtuelle Währung ; Geldpolitik ; Zentralbank ; Demokratie ; Soziale Werte ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Discussions on Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) have so far mostly focused on the potential risks that these currencies could represent for financial intermediation and financial stability. It is important, however, to also consider how they could contribute to the welfare of citizens, and how they can be leveraged to help uphold certain democratic values. This paper explores how the design and implementation of CBDCs can help countries mitigate threats to individual liberties and human rights, as well as promote the equitable treatment of citizens, the protection of privacy, and citizens' trust in central banks. The sound governance architecture of CBDC systems at the national and international level can further support these objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/f3e70f1f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    COVID-19 and science for policy and society (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.154
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This is the second in a series of three reports that explore how science was mobilised in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on science for policy – research agenda setting, scientific advice and public communication and engagement. The report includes recommendations and options for policy action to improve the resilience of national science systems and their capacity to cooperate internationally in response to crises. The context in each country is different, as illustrated by the many case studies included in the report, and so the priority attached to these recommendations and the specific details of how they might be implemented will vary. They are provided as an overall framework for science policymakers and other actors, including research funders and research providers, to consider.
    DOI: 10.1787/0afa04e2-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regulatory sandboxes in artificial intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.356
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report focuses on regulatory sandboxes in artificial intelligence (AI), where authorities engage firms to test innovative products or services that challenge existing legal frameworks. Participating firms obtain a waiver from specific legal provisions or compliance processes to innovate. It highlights positive impacts like increased venture capital investment in fintech start-ups. It points out challenges, risks, and policy considerations for AI sandboxes, emphasizing interdisciplinary cooperation, building AI expertise, regulatory interoperability, and trade policy. It also addresses the importance of comprehensive criteria for eligibility and assessing trials, as well as the impact on innovation and competition.
    DOI: 10.1787/8f80a0e6-en
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Is there a trade-off between productivity and employment? : A cross-country micro-to-macro study (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.157
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: The impact of productivity on employment remains uncertain, particularly in light of growing concerns regarding potential negative effects of technological progress on labour demand. This report uses harmonised and comparable data from 13 countries spanning the last two decades to comprehensively analyse how productivity growth affects employment dynamics at various levels of aggregation. The study's findings highlight a positive correlation between productivity growth and employment as well as wage growth, both at the firm level and on a broader scale. This outcome arises from counteracting mechanisms and heterogeneous dynamics across different groups of firms. The findings have relevant policy implications: productivity is not just an isolated key economic objective, but well-designed and complementary policies can also help convert technological and organisational change into higher employment and wage growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/99bede51-en
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Estudio multidimensional de la República Dominicana : Hacia un mayor bienestar (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264626812 , 9789264592452 , 9789264457225
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Caminos de Desarrollo
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multi-dimensional Review of the Dominican Republic: Towards Greater Well-being for All
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Taxation ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Dominican Republic
    Kurzfassung: La República Dominicana ha experimentado importantes avances socioeconómicos en las últimas décadas. El país ha sido una de las principales economías de América Latina y el Caribe en términos de crecimiento económico, alcanzando el estatus de economía de ingreso medio-alto en 2011. Sin embargo, los avances en las diferentes dimensiones del bienestar han sido insuficientes. En particular, las disparidades socioeconómicas y territoriales siguen siendo importantes, y las instituciones públicas aún enfrentan desafíos relevantes. Para que la República Dominicana avance en una senda de desarrollo más inclusivo y sostenible, es necesario abordar tres dimensiones críticas. En primer lugar, proporcionar empleos de calidad para todos, con especial énfasis en impulsar la formalización y la transformación productiva. En segundo lugar, movilizar más financiamiento público y privado para el desarrollo, con sistemas fiscales más progresivos y eficaces, un gasto público más eficiente, y mercados de capitales más profundos. En tercer lugar, acelerar la transformación digital para impulsar la productividad, mejorar la inclusión y apoyar la creación de empleo.
    DOI: 10.1787/8044a9c9-es
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