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  • 1990-1994  (81)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (81)
  • London
  • Science—Philosophy.  (81)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582483
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXII, 288 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 242
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Mathematics ; Logic ; Algebra ; History. ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Since their appearance in the late 19th century, the Cantor--Dedekind theory of real numbers and philosophy of the continuum have emerged as pillars of standard mathematical philosophy. On the other hand, this period also witnessed the emergence of a variety of alternative theories of real numbers and corresponding theories of continua, as well as non-Archimedean geometry, non-standard analysis, and a number of important generalizations of the system of real numbers, some of which have been described as arithmetic continua of one type or another. With the exception of E.W. Hobson's essay, which is concerned with the ideas of Cantor and Dedekind and their reception at the turn of the century, the papers in the present collection are either concerned with or are contributions to, the latter groups of studies. All the contributors are outstanding authorities in their respective fields, and the essays, which are directed to historians and philosophers of mathematics as well as to mathematicians who are concerned with the foundations of their subject, are preceded by a lengthy historical introduction
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789401720182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 390 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 230
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Never before, in any anthology, have contemporary epistemologists and philosophers of language come together to address the single most neglected important issue at the confluence of these two branches of philosophy, namely: Can we know facts from reliable reports? Besides Hume's subversive discussion of miracles and the literature thereon, testimony has been bypassed by most Western philosophers; whereas in classical Indian (Pramana) theories of evidence and knowledge philosophical debates have raged for centuries about the status of word-generated knowledge. `Is the response "I was told by an expert on the subject" as respectable as "I saw" or "I inferred" in answer to "How do you know?"' is a question answered in diverse and subtle ways by Buddhists, Vaisesikas and Naiyayikas. For the first time this book makes available the riches of those debates, translating from Sanskrit some contemporary Indian Pandits' reactions to Western analytic accounts of meaning and knowledge. For advanced undergraduates in philosophy, for researchers - in Australia, Asia, Europe or America - on epistemology, theory of meaning, Indian or comparative philosophy, as well as for specialists interested in this relatively fresh topic of knowledge transmission and epistemic dependence this book will be a feast. After its publication analytic philosophy and Indian philosophy will have no excuse for shunning each other
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789401583114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 614 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 236
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This collection of 38 papers gives a cross-section of ongoing research in philosophy of science and philosophical logic. The papers, written by active researchers in the field and published here for the first time, are drawn from around 650 papers that were contributed to the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala, Sweden, 1991. Some of the speakers whose contributions attracted special interest were invited to contribute their papers to this volume. A few papers appear here more or less as they were presented at the Congress, whereas others are expansions or elaborations of the talks given. There is one section with five papers on philosophical logic. The other papers deal with many different aspects of philosophy of science, including general methodological questions, problems of probability, induction and decision theory, and ethics of science and technology, as well as foundational problems about particular sciences. Five special sections are concerned with logic, mathematics and computer science, the physical sciences, the biological sciences, cognitive science, and linguistics, respectively. Finally, there is one section on the history of logic, methodology and philosophy of science. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science and logicians, as well as to all researchers interested in the foundations of their disciplines
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401733915
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 412 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 150
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 150
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Social sciences Methodology ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Natural Sciences and the Social Sciences contains a series of explorations of the different ways in which the social sciences have interacted with the natural sciences. Usually, such interactions are considered to go only `one way': from the natural to the social sciences. But there are several important essays in this volume which show how developments in the social sciences have affected the natural sciences - even the `hard' science of physics. Other essays deal with various types of interaction since the Scientific Revolution. In his general introductory chapter, Cohen sets some general themes concerning analogies and homologies and the use of metaphors, drawing specific examples from the use of concepts of physics by marginalist economists and of developments in the life sciences by organismic sociologists. The remaining chapters, which explore the different ways in which the social sciences and the natural sciences have actually interacted, are written by leaders in the field of history of science, drawn from a wide range of countries and disciplines. The book will be of great interest to all historians of science, philosophers interested in questions of methodology, economists and sociologists, and all social scientists concerned with the history of their subject and its foundations
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The general view of Russell's work among philosophers has been that repeatedly, during his long and distinguished career, crucial changes of mind on fundamental points were significant enough to cause him to successively adopt a diversity of radically new philosophical positions. Thus, Russell is seen to have embraced and then abandoned, amongst others, neo-Hegelianism, Platonic realism, phenomenalism and logical atomism, before settling finally on a form of neutral monism that philosophers have generally found to be incredible. However, in recent years there have been signs of increasing awareness that the extent to which Russell was prone to change philosophical position may have been greatly exaggerated. This book represents the first detailed attempt to trace the fundamental unity that lies within all of Russell's philosophical work, as well as the reasons behind those limited orderly changes that did, in fact, occur within it. The main thesis of the book is that there is a lot more continuity in Russell's philosophy than has been usually acknowledged, and that the major changes that do occur are much more orderly than Russell's reputation for erratically changing his views allows. Drawing on a wide selection of Russell's own statements, a general account of Russellian analysis is developed which shows it to have a highly organised structure, which he consistently applies throughout all of his post-idealist philosophising. This book is addressed primarily to serious students of Russell's philosophy, and is suitable for use in both postgraduate and undergraduate courses on Russell's philosophy generally, on specific aspects of his work, or on analytic philosophy in the twentieth century. However, the book is written clearly enough to be read by the many general readers interested in finding out more about Russell's philosophy
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581028
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 267 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Education Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The rise of cognitive science in the 1960s was widely heralded as a scientific revolution -- an interpretation that implied the decline and eventual death of behavioral psychology. Although many forms of behavioral psychology did indeed disappear, there was a striking exception: the program of operant psychology founded by B.F. Skinner. This program actually grew at a rapid pace during the `cognitive revolution' and shows no signs of fading away. What, then, is its place within psychology, and in particular, what is its relationship with cognitive psychology? This book attempts to answer that question. Distinguishing between operant psychology and the philosophy of radical behaviorism, it concludes that even though radical behaviorism may have been a failure, the operant program of research has been a success. Furthermore, operant psychology and cognitive psychology complement one another, each having its own domain within which it contributes something valuable to, but beyond the reach of, the other
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401107747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 420 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 234
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Statistics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Patrick Suppes is a philosopher and scientist whose contributions range over probability and statistics, mathematical and experimental psychology, the foundations of physics, education theory, the philosophy of language, measurement theory, and the philosophy of science. He has also been a pioneer in the area of computer assisted instruction. In each of these areas, Suppes has provided seminal ideas that in some cases led to shaping the direction of research in the field. The papers contained in this collection were commissioned with the mandate of advancing research in their respective fields rather than retrospectively surveying the contributions that Suppes himself has made. The authors form an interesting mixture of researchers in both formal philosophy of science and science itself all of whom have been inspired by his ideas. To maintain the spirit of constructive dialogue that characterizes Suppes's intellectual style, he has written individual responses to each article. In Volume 1: Probability and Probabilistic Causality, nineteen distinguished philosophers and scientists focus their attention on probabilistic issues. In Part I the contributors explore axiomatic representations of probability theory including qualitative and interval valued probabilities as well as traditional point valued probabilities. Belief structures and the dynamics of belief are also treated in detail. In Part II the rapidly growing field of probabilistic causation is assessed from both formal and empirical viewpoints. For probability theorists, statisticians, economists, philosophers of science, psychologists and those interested in the foundations of mathematical social science. In Volume 2: Philosophy of Physics, Theory Structure, and Measurement Theory, fifteen distinguished philosophers and scientists cover a wide variety of topics. Part III covers issues in quantum theory, geometry, classical mechanics, and computational physics. Part IV explores Suppes's well known set-theoretic account of scientific theories which has served him well throughout his career. Suppes's contributions to measurement theory have been widely used in mathematical psychology and elsewhere, and this material is the subject of Part V. For physicists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sicence, and philosophers of science. In Volume 3: Philosophy of Language and Logic, Learning and Action Theory, fourteen distinguished philosophers and scientists explore issues in the philosophy of languag ...
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789401110082
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 328 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 60
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Increasingly, the mind is being treated as a fit subject for scientific inquiry. As cognitive science and empirical psychology strive to uncover the mind's secrets, it is fitting to inquire as to what distinctive role is left for philosophy in the study of mind. This collection, which includes contributions by some of the leading scholars in the field, offers a rich variety of perspectives on this issue. Topics addressed include: the place of a priori inquiry in philosophy of mind, moral psychology, consciousness, social dimensions of intentionality, the relation of logic to philosophical psychology, objectivity and the mind, and privileged access
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729215
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 152
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 152
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Romanticism in all its expression communicated a vision of the essential interconnectedness and harmony of the universe. The romantic concept of knowledge was decidedly unitary, but, in the period between 1790 and 1840, the special emphasis it placed on observation and research led to an unprecedented accumulation of data, accompanied by a rapid growth in scientific specialization. An example of the tensions created by this development is to be found in the scientists' congresses which attempted a first response to the fragmentation of scientific research. The problem concerning the unitary concept of knowledge in that period, and the new views of the world which were generated are the subject of this book. The articles it contains are all based on original research by an international group of highly specialized scholars. Their research probes a wide range of issues, from the heirs of Naturphilosophie, to the `life sciences', and to the debate on `Baconian Sciences', as well as examining many aspects of mathematics, physics and chemistry. History of philosophy and history of science scholars will find this book an essential reference work, as well as all those interested in 19th century history in general. Undergraduate and graduate students will also find here angles and topics that have hitherto been largely neglected
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789401735964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 460 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 151
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 151
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; History.
    Abstract: The discussions of theoretical issues involved in the history of science have not received sufficient attention. This volume is a contribution to this ongoing discussion and deals with many such issues in the historiography of science, concentrating mainly on what is known as the internalist approach. The topics include ancient Greek mathematics during the Enlightenment, the physical sciences in the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as discussions of the relationship between history and philosophy of science. Both beginners in the fields of history and/or philosophy of science as well as scholars who have been already working in these fields will read the articles with pleasure and profit
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 218 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences 17
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; History ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the first systematic examination of the contemporary and prior connections between technological progress and pessimism over the future. If the hallmark of the Enlightenment was a firm belief in technology as a principal instrument of universal progress, the hallmark of postmodernism may well be skepticism, even despair, over technology's role in shaping our world. This book incorporates the perspectives of historians, political scientists, philosophers, and literary scholars to illuminate the origins, evolution, and influence of technological pessimism and to evaluate its long-term prospects. The volume should appeal to specialists in technology studies and the history of ideas but also to general readers concerned with these dilemmas of technological progress
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401107686
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 384 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 157
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 157
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Zygmunt Zawirski (1882--1948) -- one of the most eminent and original Polish philosophers -- belonged to the Lwow--Warsaw School (LWS) which left an indelible trace in logic, semiotics and philosophy of science. LSW was founded in 1895 by K. Twardowski, a disciple of Brentano, in the spirit of clarity, realism and analytic philosophy. LWS was more than 25 years older than the Vienna Circle (VC). This belies, inter alia, the not infrequently repeated statement that LWS was one of the many centers initiated by VC. The achievements of LWS in logic are well recognized, while those relating to philosophy of science are almost unknown. It is in order to fill this gap that some fragments of Zawirski's papers are presented, dealing mainly with causality, determinism, indeterminism and philosophical implications of relativity and quantum mechanics. His magnum opus `L'Evolution de la notion du temps' (Eugenio Rignano Prize, 1933) is devoted to time. It is one of the best books written on this subject, and by no means an obsolescent one. Zawirski took into account all the issues which are at present widely discussed. The real value of these achievements can be understood better today than by his contemporaries. For all those interested in philosophy of science and philosophy, and history of ideas
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401111027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Historical Background -- II The Cultural Background -- III The Philosophical Atmosphere in Vienna -- IV Why the Circle invited me. The Theory of Curves and Dimension Theory -- V Vignettes of the Members of the Circle in 1927 -- VI Reminiscences of the Wittgenstein Family -- VII Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Austrian Dictionary -- VIII Wittgenstein’s Tractatus and the Early Circle -- IX On the Communication of Metaphysical Ideas. Wittgenstein’s Ontology -- X Wittgenstein, Brower, and the Circle -- XI Discussions in the Circle 1927–30 -- XII Poland and the Vienna Circle -- XIII The United States 1930–31 -- XIV Discussions in the Circle 1931–34 -- XV The Circle on Ethics -- XVI Moritz Schlick’s Final Years -- Memories of Kurt Gödel -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Karl Menger was born in Vienna on January 13, 1902, the only child of two gifted parents. His mother Hermione, nee Andermann (1870-1922), in addition to her musical abilities, wrote and published short stories and novelettes, while his father Carl (1840-1921) was the noted Austrian economist, one of the founders of marginal utility theory. A highly cultured man, and a liberal rationalist in the nine­ teenth century sense, the elder Menger had witnessed the defeat and humiliation of the old Austrian empire by Bismarck's Prussia, and the subsequent establishment under Prussian leadership of a militaristic, mystically nationalistic, state-capitalist German empire - in effect, the first modern "military-industrial complex. " These events helped frame in him a set of attitudes that he later transmitted to his son, and which included an appreciation of cultural attainments and tolerance and respect for cultural differences, com­ bined with a deep suspicion of rabid nationalism, particularly the German variety. Also a fascination with structure, whether artistic, scientific, philosophical, or theological, but a rejection of any aura of mysticism or mumbo-jumbo accompanying such structure. Thus the son remarked at least once that the archangels' chant that begins the Prolog im Himmel in Goethe's Faust was perhaps the most viii INTRODUCTION beautiful thing in the German language "but of course it doesn't mean anything.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401108287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 142 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The contribution made by the Vienna Circle to ethics and the philosophy of action is increasingly being recognized. Here two previously unpublished pieces by Moritz Schlick and his pupil Josef Schächter set the scene, showing how ethics is not dependent on metaphysics but does require a sensitivity to strata of language other than that of science. Schächter (author of Prolegomena to a Critical Grammar, also in the VCC, and now doyen of educational philosophers in Israel) further develops this ethical theme in a too little known study of pessimistic dicta that he published in 1938. He succeeds (without ever assenting to it) in giving sense to the idea that it were better for a man never to have been born. The bulk of the book is devoted to two works by Friedrich Waismann, probably written not long after his emigration to England, also in 1938. There are a paper on ethics and science, which defends the Wittgensteinian view that morality is something one cannot defend, but only profess, and (itself more than half the volume) a treatise on will and motive, where the influence of Wittgenstein is mediated by that of Ryle and where many points in modern theory of action are anticipated with the author's usual sensitivity both to language and to the complexity of the human situation. (Joachim Schulte recently edited these two works in the original German, otherwise they have remained unpublished). This valuable addition to the VCC should illuminate both the history of the Circle and the kind of reflection on language and action which dominates the practical philosophy of our own day
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401119467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 330 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Bringing allegory into the light from the neglect into which it fell means focusing on the wondrous heights of the human spirit in its significance for culture. Contemporary philosophies and literary theories, which give pre-eminence to primary linguistics forms (symbol and metaphor), seem to favor just that which makes intelligible communication possible. But they fall short in accounting for the deepest subliminal founts that prompt the mind to exalt in beauty, virtue, transcending aspiration. The present, rich collection shows how allegory, incorporating the soaring of the spirit, offers highlights for culture, with its fluctuations and transformation. This collective effort, rich in ideas and intuitions and covering a vast range of cultural manifestations, is a pioneering work, retrieving the vision of the exalted human spirit, bringing together literature, theatre, music and painting in a variety of revealing perspectives. The authors include: M. Kronegger, Ch. Raffini, J. Smith, J.B. Williamson, H. Ross, M.F. Wagner, F. Divorne, L. Oppenheim, D.K. Heckerl, N. Campi de Castro, P. Saurez Pascual, M. Alfaro Amieiro, H. Fletcher Thompson, R.J. Wilson III, and A. Stensaas. For specialists, students and workers in philosophy, comparative literature, aesthetic phenomenologists and historians of art
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  • 16
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108041
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 189 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 59
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Scientific and religious belief
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Religion ; Wissenschaft ; Glaube ; Religionsphilosophie ; Wissen ; Naturwissenschaften
    Abstract: This book provides new insights into the interrelation between scientific and religious belief. The chapters cover important features of belief in general and discuss distinctive properties between belief, knowledge and acceptance. These properties are considered in relation and comparison to religious belief. Among the contributions are topics such as: the change of scientific belief in relation to the change of our information. Is belief value-free? What are rational reasons (for the justification) of religious hypotheses? What are the important similarities and differences between scientific and religious belief? The different features and aspects are discussed in respect to the great religions of mankind. In addition to the research papers the book contains selections of the discussion which help to clarify interesting details. The book will be of interest to a vast readership among philosophers, theologians and people interested in philosophical questions concerning religion
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789401109109
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 53
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The Completeness of Scientific Theories deals with the role of theories in measurement. Theories are employed in measurements in order to account for the operation of the instruments and to correct the raw data obtained. These observation theories thus guarantee the reliability of measurement procedures. In special cases a theory can be used as its own observation theory. In such cases it is possible, relying on the theory itself, to analyze the measuring procedures associated with theoretical states specified within its framework. This feature is called completeness. The book addresses the assets and liabilities of theories exhibiting this feature. Chief among the prima-facie liabilities is a testability problem. If a theory that is supposed to explain certain measurement results at the same time provides the theoretical means necessary for obtaining these results, the threat of circularity arises. Closer investigation reveals that various circularity problems do indeed emerge in complete theories, but that these problems can generally be solved. Some methods for testing and confirming theories are developed and discussed. The particulars of complete theories are addressed using a variety of theories from the physical sciences and psychology as examples. The example developed in greatest detail is general relativity theory, which exhibits an outstanding degree of completeness. In this context a new approach to the issue of the conventionality of physical geometry is pursued. The book contains the first systematic analysis of completeness; it thus opens up new paths of research. For philosophers of science working on problems of confirmation, theory-ladenness of evidence, empirical testability, and space--time philosophy (or students in these areas)
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401111263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 367 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 159
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 159
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of nature ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Plaass's treatise stood at the beginning of a renewed wave of scholarship regarding Kant's Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (MF). Plaass argues that the MF represents an integral step in Kant's development between the two editions of the Critique of Pure Reason. The MF repeats the `Copernican turn', using the conditions of subjectivity to derive the metaphysical determinations of `matter' as the object of natural science with the new method called `metaphysical construction', which simultaneously grounds the mathematizability of physics. The translators provide background and analysis of Plaass's work, extend it to include the body of the MF and offer a variation on the analysis of the relationship between mathematics and metaphysics in the MF. They discuss its relevance for contemporary paradigm-dependency approaches to the philosophy of science and for philosophical hermeneutics. The book will be of interest to Kant specialists as well as to students of the philosophy of science in general
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  • 19
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 388 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 153
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 153
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Quantum physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Since the Niels Bohr centenary of 1985 there has been an astonishing international surge of scholarly analyses of Bohr's philosophy. Now for the first time in Niels Bohr and Contemporary Philosophy Jan Faye and Henry Folse have brought together sixteen of today's leading authors who have helped mould this new round of discussions on Bohr's philosophy. In fifteen entirely new, previously unpublished essays we discover a surprising variety of the different facets of Bohr as the natural philosopher whose `framework of complementarity' shaped the final phase of the quantum revolution and influenced two generations of the century's leading physicists. There is much on which the authors included here agree; but there are also polar disagreements, which assure us that the philosophical questions revolving around Bohr's `new viewpoint' will continue to be a subject of scholarly interest and discussion for years to come. This collection will interest all serious students of history and philosophy of science, and foundations of physics
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  • 20
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581431
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 236 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 17
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 17
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Environmental management ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Current environmental problems and technological risks are a challenge for a new institutional arrangement of the value spheres of Science, Politics and Morality. Distinguished authors from different European countries and America provide a cross-disciplinary perspective on the problems of political decision making under the conditions of scientific uncertainty. cases from biotechnology and the environmental sciences are discussed. The papers collected for this volume address the following themes: (i) controversies about risks and political decision making; (ii) concepts of science for policy; (iii) the use of social science in the policy making process; (iv) ethical problems with developments in science and technology; (v) public and state interests in the development and control of technology
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  • 21
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581790
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 227
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Ethics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: These new papers by distinguished Kant scholars are collected from a conference held in honor of one of the world's foremost authorities on Kant: William H. Werkmeister. The contributors present novel interpretations of the development of Kant's thought up to and beyond the three famous Critiques. Frederick Van De Pitte raises important questions about Kant's theory of concept formation; Paul Guyer and R.M. Hare contribute provocative essays on Kant's ethics; Donald Crawford and Ted Cohen offer valuable accounts of Kant's theory of aesthetic judgment; and two probing studies of the most interesting problems of the Opus postumum are provided by Burkhard Tuschling and Professor Werkmeister himself. This book should be read by professional Kant scholars, historians of modern philosophy, and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in these fields
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  • 22
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401125000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 141
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 141
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is a collection of papers on philosophy of science, conceptual history of science, and sociology of science written by Taiwanese scholars. It is perhaps one of the best, written by Taiwanese, in all Chinese-speaking societies. Some works in it show Orientals study topics that are typically Western philosophy of science. Others show how traditional topics in the history of Chinese science (mathematics, optics, and geology) could be studied with high sensitivity to the philosophy and sociology of science. It also touches upon issues of the `autonomous' development of social sciences in Taiwan, a society whose academic researches are greatly influenced by the West. This collection will prove stimulating and valuable to general and scholarly readers alike who are interested in philosophy and history of science, especially as related to East Asia and the West. The book will interest scholars in philosophy of science, philosophy of language and psychology, studies of philosophy of science in the third world, history of Chinese science, history of science in East Asia, and history of mathematics
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  • 23
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401118927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 318 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 10
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Engineering. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the first book to collect and translate a broad spectrum of philosophical reflection on technology from throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Highlighting work from Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Spain and Venezuela -- with further representation from Argentina, Cuba, Colombia, Uruguay, and the U.S. -- it introduces both affirmatives and critical studies by younger as well as established philosophers. Of special importance are the contributions by Marcos García de la Huerta (Chile), Hugo Padilla (Mexico), Miguel Quintanilla (Spain), Juan David García Bacca (Venezuela), and Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla (Venezuela) -- all of whom are leading and influential authors, none of whom has previously appeared in English. For students and scholars concerned with the philosophy of science and technology, Latin American studies, and interdisciplinary science--technology--society programs, this text contains twenty-five papers addressing issues in the metaphysical, epistemological, ethical, political, historical, and anthropological analysis of technology
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  • 24
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401117357
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 157 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 149
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 149
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Pragmatism ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this book Martin Bunzl considers the prospects for a general and comprehensive account of explanation, given the variety of interests that prompt explanations in science. Bunzl argues that any successful account of explanation must deal with two very different contexts - one static and one dynamic. Traditionally, theories of explanation have been built for the former of these two contexts. That is to say, they are designed to show how it is that a 'finished' body of scientific knowledge can be put to explanatory use. But finished sciences are few and far between. Real 'explanation' also occurs in a dynamical context in which questions are asked and answers are given as theories are in the process of being constructed. Here, Bunzl argues that attending to explanation produced under these dynamic circumstances undermines prominent features of the theory of explanation produced in the traditional static context
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789401582162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 340 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 231
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific research is viewed as a deliberate activity and the logic of discovery consists of strategies and arguments whereby the best objectives (questions) and optimal means for achieving these objectives (heuristics) are chosen. This book includes a discussion and some proposals regarding the way the logic of questions can be applied to understanding scientific research and draws upon work in artificial intelligence in a discussion of heuristics and methods for appraising heuristics (metaheuristics). It also includes a discussion of a third source for scientific objectives and heuristics; episodes and examplars from the history of science and the history of philosophy. This book is written to be accessible to advanced students in philosophy and to the scientific community. It is of interest to philosophers of science, philosophers of biology, historians of physics, and historians of biology
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  • 26
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401723008
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 510 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 226
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Social sciences Methodology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Probabilities. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: This book publishes 31 of the author's selected papers which have appeared, with one exception, since 1970. The papers cover a wide range of topics in the philosophy of science. Part I is concerned with general methodology, including formal and axiomatic methods in science. Part II is concerned with causality and explanation. The papers extend the author's earlier work on a probabilistic theory of causality. The papers in Part III are concerned with probability and measurement, especially foundational questions about probability. Part IV consists of several papers, including two historical ones, on the foundations of physics, with the main emphasis being on quantum mechanics. Part V, the longest part, is on the foundations of psychology and includes papers mainly on learning and perception. The book is aimed at philosophers of science, scientists concerned with the methodology of the social sciences, and mathematical psychologists interested in theories of learning, perception and measurement
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  • 27
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 313 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1993], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 1
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Development is the first Yearbook of the Vienna Circle Institute, which was founded in October 1991. The book contains original contributions to an international symposium which was the first public event to be organised by the Institute: `Vienna--Berlin--Prague: The Rise of Scientific Philosophy: The Centenaries of Rudolf Carnap, Hans Reichenbach and Edgar Zilsel.' The first section of the book - `Scientific Philosophy - Origins and Developments' reveals the extent of scientific communication in the inter-War years between these great metropolitan centres, as well as presenting systematic investigations into the relevance of the heritage of the Vienna Circle to contemporary research and philosophy. This section offers a new paradigm for scientific philosophy, one which contrasts with the historiographical received view of logical empiricism. Support for this re-evaluation is offered in the second section, which contains, for the first time in English translation, Gustav Bergmann's recollections of the Vienna Circle, and an historical study of political economist Wilhelm Neurath, Otto Neurath's father. The third section gives a report on current computer-based research which documents the relevance of Otto Neurath's `Vienna method of pictorial statistics', or `Isotypes'. A review section describes new publications on Neurath and the Vienna Circle, as well anthologies relevant to Viennese philosophy and its history, setting them in their wider cultural and political perspective. Finally, a description is given of the Vienna Circle Institute and its activities since its foundation, as well as of its plans for the future
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789401711852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 363 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 148
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 148
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume is dedicated to Heinz Post who proposed a rational model of scientific discovery. His account draws attention to the formal flaws in theories that motivate theory modification, the correspondence relations that hold between old and new theories and the cross-theoretic retention of symmetry and conservation principles. Exploring Post's model from a variety of perspectives, the contributors draw on a wide range of case studies from physics, chemistry and biology. This is the first work to examine one such model of heuristics in the context of detailed examples from science itself. It will be of interest to teachers, researchers and graduate students in both the history and philosophy of science and can be used as a textbook in advanced courses on scientific method
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  • 29
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581882
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 370 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 155
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 155
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Pragmatism ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The thirteen essays in this volume (except for the one on Leibniz, which has not been published before) are selected works of Robert E. Butts, originally published over a period of many years. Most of the essays analyze aspects of the work of Galileo, Leibniz, Kant and Whewell; others deal with the question of the unity of the sciences and with the question of toleration in academe. The papers share a common philosophical commitment to principle of pragmatism, and seek to show that pragmatism emerges historically in unexpected places. Emphasis is placed upon issues in methodology and theory of knowledge. The book will appeal to those interested in history of modern philosophy, history and philosophy of science, and the philosophical fortunes of pragmatism
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  • 30
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401125109
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 411 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contemporary philosophy, A new survey 7
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume on Asian philosophy is the 7th volume in the series Contemporary Philosophy. The main objective of the series is to review the philosophical research over the last 20-30 years in the countries concerned. Quite a few surveys in the present volume also contain original contributions to the discussion of the various topics. The bulk of the contributions are written by scholars from India, Japan, and Korea. A main tenet in nearly all articles is the deep interest in classical philosophy and religious movements. Central topics in Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and also Shamanism are discussed. These traditions are certainly distinct from classical metaphysics in the European philosophy, as is extensively shown by Panikkar in the case of classical Indian thinking. At the same time it is well known that, for instance, Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism have exerted a significant influence on many European philosophers, particularly from Plotinus onwards. Spinoza, Leibniz and Hegel are great mediators between Asian and European philosophical traditions. Besides metaphysical issues, the authors discuss well known topics in moral and political philosophy as well as philosophy of logic and language. The volume no doubt invites to a crosscultural philosophical discussion
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  • 31
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401118620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 295 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 39
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Rationality in its various expressions and innumerable applications sustains understanding and our sense of reality. It is traditionally differentiated according to its sources in the soul: in consciousness, in reason, in experience, and in elevation. Such a functional approach, however, leaves us searching for the common foundation harmonizing these rationalities. The perennial quest to resolve the aporias of rationality is finding in contemporary science’s focus on origins, on the generative roots of reality, tantalizing hints as to how this may be accomplished. This project is enhanced by the wave of recent phenomenology/ontopoiesis of life, which reveals/expresses the workings of the logos at the root of beingness and all rationality, whereby we gaze upon the prospect of a New Enlightenment. In the rays of this vision the revival of the intuitions of classical Islamic metaphysics, particularly intuition of the continuity of beingness in the gradations of life, receive fresh confirmation
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789401124966
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 329 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 140
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 140
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Logic ; Engineering. ; Mathematical logic. ; Probabilities. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics.
    Abstract: Foundational questions in logic, mathematics, computer science and physics are constant sources of epistemological debate in contemporary philosophy. To what extent is the transfinite part of mathematics completely trustworthy? Why is there a general `malaise' concerning the logical approach to the foundations of mathematics? What is the role of symmetry in physics? Is it possible to build a coherent worldview compatible with a macroobjectivistic position and based on the quantum picture of the world? What account can be given of opinion change in the light of new evidence? These are some of the questions discussed in this volume, which collects 14 lectures on the foundation of science given at the School of Philosophy of Science, Trieste, October 1989. The volume will be of particular interest to any student or scholar engaged in interdisciplinary research into the foundations of science in the context of contemporary debates
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  • 33
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401119580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 314 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 15
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book is a methodical and systematic presentation of basic ontological issues that must be raised with respect to the meaning and function of natural science. The ontological issues are discussed from a hermeneutico-phenomenological point of view. In addition, the book contains critical discussions of basic themes raised by Carnap, Hempel, Stegmüller, Kuhn, Lakatos, Hübner, Popper, van Fraassen, Heelan and Kisiel. One of the basic theses developed in the book is that logical, epistemological and methodological issues pertinent to the natural sciences should be complemented by ontological issues that focus mainly on meaning and truth. The book also contains one chapter on the implications of the ontological ideas presented for the history of the natural sciences
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  • 34
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401127066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 227 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 145
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 145
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The program Amsterdamski suggests in Between History and Method may not be deemed `strong enough' by the sociologists; but he believes that it offers the only way to give an account of the evident specificity of science with respect to other products of human intellectual activities if we cannot accept the idea of the supra-historical rationality of human nature. What differentiates such a program from the old so-called `rationalist tradition' is the thesis that the background consensus is not the incarnation of immanent human rationality, and that it is not historically stable. What differentiates this program from (at least some) contemporary developments in the sociology of science is the notion that if the circumstances of cognition have any impact upon the content of knowledge, this impact is not immediate, but rather is mediated by the relatively stable set of values and ideas constituting the research tradition. It is precisely on the basis of these traditions, which provide the resources for creative renewal from within, that new scientific knowledge is universalized. This book will be of interest to historians of science, philosophers and sociologists of science
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789401580205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 424 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 222
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The argument of the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories in the Critique of Pure Reason is the deepest and most far-reaching in philosophy. In his new book, Robert Howell interprets main themes of the Deduction using ideas from contemporary philosophy and intensional logic, thereby providing a keener grasp of Kant's many subtleties than has hitherto been available. No other work pursues Kant's argument through every twist and turn with the careful, logically detailed attention maintained here. Surprising new accounts of apperception, the concept of an object, the logical functions of thought, the role of the Metaphysical Deduction, and Kant's relations to his Aristotelian-Cartesian background are developed. Howell makes a precise contribution to the discussion of most of the disputed issues in the history of Deduction interpretation. Controversial in its conclusions, this book demands the attention of all who take seriously the task of understanding Kant's work and evaluating it dispassionately
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789401580625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 262 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 220
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Systems theory ; Science—Philosophy. ; System theory. ; Control theory. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Introduction: Different kinds of cybernetics -- Self-organization and complexity -- Ends and meaning in machine-like systems -- Hierarchical non-equilibrium self-organization as the new post-cybernetic perspective -- A priori and a posteriori in cognitive praxis: the model for the regulation of agonistic antagonistic couples -- Non-rational cognitive processes as changes of distinctions -- Epistemological issues -- Self-organization and autonomy in a post-cybernetic perspective. Epistemological issues -- The experimental epistemology of W.S. McCulloch. A minimalistic interpretation -- From paleo- to neo-connectionism -- Second cybernetics: a double strategy for representing cognition -- The bringing forth of dialogue: Latour versus Maturana -- A one-sided boundary: on the limits of knowing organizational closure -- Mechanistic explanations and structure-determined systems. Maturana and the human sciences -- Sociological issues -- Correspondence, consensus, coherence and the rape of democracy -- Writers of the lost I: second-order self-observation and absolute writership.
    Abstract: Gertrudis Van de Vijver· Seminar of Logic and Epistemology University of Ghent Before being classified under the fashionable denominators of complexity and chaos, self-organization and autonomy were intensely inquired into in the cybernetic tradition. Despite all rejections that cybernetics has gone through in the second half of this century, today its importance is more and more recognized. Its decisive influence for connectionist theories, autopoietic and constructivist theories, for different forms of applied or experimental epistemology, is being more and more understood and generally accepted. It is mainly due to the success of connectionist models that we observe today a revival of interest for cybernetics. The 1943 article by McCulloch and Pitts is evidently a founding article. Cybernetics has however a much broader interest than the one linked to technical-mathematical details relevant to the construction of networks. For instance, the evolution from first to second order cybernetics, the ways of approaching biological and cognitive phenomena in the latter and the limits that were formulated there, are particularly meaningful to understand current developments and divergences in connectionism. A nuanced picture of cybernetic's history and its present state is therefore clearly epistemologically essential.
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  • 37
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401124287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 239 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 16
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Erwin Schrödinger is one of the greatest figures of theoretical physics, but there is another side to the man: not only did his work revolutionize physics, it also radiacally changed the foundations of our modern worldview, modern biology, philosophy of science, philosophy of the mind, and epistemology. This book explores the lesser-known aspects of Schrödinger's thought, revealing the physicist as a philosopher and polymath whose highly original ideas anticipated the current merging of the natural and the social sciences and the humanities. Thirteen renowned scientists and philosophers have contributed to the volume. Part I reveals the philosophical importance of Schrödinger's work as a physicist. Part II examines his theory of life and of the self-organization of matter. Part III shows how Schrödinger's ideas have influenced contemporary philosophy of nature and our modern view of the world, drawing a fascinating picture of the ongoing synthesis of nature and culture: one of the most interesting developments of modern thought. The volume also contains the most comprehensive bibliography of Schrödinger's scientific work, making it at the same time a book of acute contemporary relevance and a major work of reference
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401126229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 303 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 9
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. The Idea of Science in Husserl and the Tradition -- 2. Comments on Henry Margenau’s ‘Phenomenology and Physics’ -- 3. Life-World as Built World -- 4. Indirect Mathematization in the Physical Sciences -- 5. Of Exact and Inexact Essences in Modern Physical Science -- 6. Husserl’s Phenomenology and the Ontology of the Natural Sciences -- 7. Parts, Wholes and the Forms of Life: Husserl and the New Biology -- 8. Critical Realism and the Scientific Realism Debate -- 9. Realism and Idealism in the Kuhnian Account of Science -- 10. The New Relevance of Experiment: A Postmodern Problem -- 11. The Problem of Experimentation -- 12. Toward a Hermeneutic Theory of the History of the Natural Sciences -- Bibliography of Phenomenological Philosophy of Natural Science -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Topics.
    Abstract: Contemporaryphilosophyseems a great swirling almost chaos. Every situation must seem so at the time, probably because philosophy itself resists structura­ tion and because personal and political factors within as well as without the discipline must fade in order for the genuinely philosophical merits of performances to be assessed. Nevertheless, some remarks can still be made to situate the present volume. For example, at least half of philosophy on planet Earth is today pursued in North America (which is not to say that this portion is any less internally incoherent than the whole of which it thus becomes the largest part) and the present volume is North American. (Incidentally, the recognition of culturally geographic traditions and tendencies nowise implies that striving for cross-culturalif not trans-cultural philosophical validity has failed or ceased. Rather, it merely recognizes a significant aspect relevant from the historical point of view.) Episte- Aesthetics Ethics Etc. mology Analytic Philosophy Marxism Existentialism Etc. Figure 1. There are two main ways in which philosophical developments are classified. One is in terms of tendencies, movements, and schools of thought and the other is in terms of traditional sub-disciplines. When there is little contention among schools, the predominant way is in terms of sub-disciplines, such as aesthetics, ethics, politics, etc. Today this mode of classification can be seen to intersect with that in terms of movements and tendencies, both of which are represented in the above chart.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 241 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 19
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume examines the background, origin, and debate over emergent evolution, a philosophy of evolution developed by the comparative psychologist C. Lloyd Morgan. Part One studies the 19th century background in the debate over the philosophical framework for evolutionary theory in the writings of Darwin, Spencer, Huxley, Wallace, and G.J. Romanes. Questions examined include the continuity of the evolutionary process, the status of qualitative as well as quantitative change, the scope of evolution, and its metaphysical implications. Part Two traces Lloyd Morgan's development of emergent evolution as a philosophy relating the various sciences, and its main thesis that qualitative novelty can occur in the course of a continuous, universal and monistic evolutionary process, proceeding from the material level to those of life and mind. The third part traces the debate over emergent evolution, and argues that, despite its temporary eclipse by reductionist and physicalist philosophies in the period from the mid-1930s to the mid-1950s, emergent evolution is an active trend of thought at the interface between philosophy and science
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 380 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 219
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; History.
    Abstract: Kant's views about mathematics were controversial in his own time, and they have inspired or infuriated thinkers ever since. Though specific Kantian doctrines fell into disrepute earlier in this century, the past twenty-five years have seen a surge of interest in and respect for Kant's philosophy of mathematics among both Kant scholars and philosophers of mathematics. The present volume includes the classic papers from the 1960s and 1970s which spared this renaissance of interest, together with updated postscripts by their authors. It also includes the most important recent work on Kant's philosophy of mathematics. The essays bring to bear a wealth of detailed Kantian scholarship, together with powerful new interpretative tools drawn from modern mathematics, logic and philosophy. The cumulative effect of this collection upon the reader will be a deeper understanding of the centrality of mathematics in all aspects of Kant's thought and a renewed respect for the power of Kant's thinking about mathematics. The essays contained in this volume will set the agenda for further work on Kant's philosophy of mathematics for some time to come
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789401580403
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 333 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 137
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 137
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The problem of Galileo's logical methodology has long interested scholars. In this volume William A. Wallace offers a solution that is completely unexpected, yet backed by convincing documentary evidence. His analysis starts with an early notebook Galileo wrote at Pisa, appropriating a Jesuit professor's exposition of the Posterior Analystics of Aristotle, and ends with one of the last letters Galileo wrote, stating that in logic he has been a Peripatetic all his life. Wallace's detective work unearths the complete logic course from which the notebook was excerpted, then proceeds to show how its terminology and methodology continue to surface in Galileo's later writings in which he founds his new sciences of the heavens and of local motion. The result is a tour de force that commends itself not only to Galileo's scholars and to logicians, philosophers, and historians, but to anyone interested in the epistemic roots of modern science
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789401117999
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 268 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 225
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: This work, written from the standpoint of Hegel's Logic, examines the nature, conditions of possibility and scope of a valid dialectical logic. For this purpose it scrutinizes, criticizes and reconstructs it so that it may serve as a logic of Human reality. Refusing to be `revisionist' as far as Natural Sciences are concerned, the proposed viewpoint asserts that in this domain Dialectic is incapable of great fruitfulness -- there is no `Dialectic of Nature'. As for the domain of Human reality -- as historical, social and cultural reality -- the book suggests that such a reconstructed Dialectic, at last conscious of its own univocal limits, may help the Social Sciences and Human Studies to develop further. The book opens with an exposition, from an Hegelian point of view, of the basic categories of Identity. Difference and Contradiction. Then, in this Hegelian context, some basic issues are posed and discussed, such as the problems of the Beginning, the End, the Language, and the problem of Nature and Matter. To end with, Dialectic is proposed as a way of explanation, both progressive and regressive, elucidating Human experience while at once elucidating itself
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401126601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 180 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 221
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Anthropology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A volume of essays on the themes of tradition, oral communication versus literal communication, Wittgenstein, and computers. The later Wittgenstein is shown to be on the one hand a traditionalist, and on the other hand, along with Heidegger, a philosopher of postmodern -- secondary -- orality, yearning for bygone, premodern times -- the times of primary orality. Under conditions of primary orality traditions fulfilled the specific cognitive role of conserving information -- a role subsequently taken over by writing, and today by electronic data processing. The message of the volume is that the Western values of individuality and critical thinking are intimately bound up with the technology of writing. It offers arguments in favour of the standards and techniques of classical education even under conditions of, indeed as a foundation for, the emerging computer culture
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580045
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 251 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 51
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Music ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Science—History.
    Abstract: Music and Science in the Age of Galileo features twelve new essays by leading specialists in the fields of musicology, history of science, astronomy, philosophy, and instrument building that explore the relations between music and the scientific culture of Galileo's time. The essays take a broad historical approach towards understanding such topics as the role of music in Galileo's experiments and in the scientific revolution, the musical formation of scientists, Galileo's impact on the art and music of his time, the scientific knowledge of instrument builders, and the scientific experiments and cultural context of Galileo's father, Vincenzo Galilei. This volume opens up new areas in both musicology and the history of science, and twists together various strands of parallel work by musicians and scientists on Galileo and his time. This book will be of interest to musicologists, historians of science and those interested in interdisciplinary perspectives of the late Renaissance -- early Baroque. For its variety of approaches, it will be a valuable collection of readings for graduate students, and those seeking a more integrated approach to historical problems. The book will be of interest to historians of science, philosophers, musicologists, astronomers, and mathematicians
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 227 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 52
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Geometry ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The three spatial characteristics of length, height and depth are used in the same unreflective way by laymen, technicians and scientists alike to describe the forms, positions and measure of bodies and hollow bodies. But how do we know that the space we live in has just these three dimensions? The question has occupied philosophers and scientists since antiquity. The answers proposed have become ever more presumptuous and have increasingly lost sight of everyday intuitions and have sacrificed explanatory power. In Euclid's Heritage Janich shows that all explanations of three-dimensionality hinge on an unreflective geometrical language which seems to accept the lack of an alternative for the three sorts of entities -- points, lines and planes -- that bound the three extended entities -- lines, planes and solids. This is a Euclidean heritage in a dual sense: Euclid himself adopted a geometrical language from the art of figure drawing, and left a tradition of doing geometry as planimetry and of doing stereometry by rotating plane figures. The systematic approach offered here starts out from operational definitions of the spatial forms -- plane, straight edge and perpendicularity -- and proofs that only three planes can intersect pairwise orthogonally. This is the constructive solution in the frame theory of action, providing an unequivocal characterisation of spatial relations in the physical world. The traditional order of geometric concepts turns out to be the most important obstacle to the methodical ordering of everyday scientific concepts
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  • 46
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580380
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 277 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 11
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume contains papers presented by New Zealand and American philosophers of biology during a recent visit to New Zealand by Elliott Sober. Some of the papers reveal a unique local perspective on current debates. Robin Craw's highly original contribution to the `evolutionary' philosophy of science initiated by David Hull, applies to intellectual evolution the strongly biogeographic approach to the evolution of life that is a recognised New Zealand speciality. Other papers reflect past intellectual exchange between the two countries. Susan Oyama and Russell Gray's papers on the `developmental systems' approach to evolution, for example, are the outcome of several years of fruitful exchange. The remaining papers in the volume cover a wide range of topics. In addition to Sober's own discussion of post-sociobiological treatments of cultural evolution the volume includes Kim Sterelny's evaluation of `macroevolution', Paul Griffiths' analysis of adaptation and vestigiality, John Morss on the notion of ontogeny and Timothy Shanahan on the concept of drift
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789401730662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 462 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 224
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Semantics ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This treatise, in its first part, moves from a consideration of behavior and ulterance through a definition of assertion as a kind of utterance to a consideration of statements, conceived of as products of assertion, to be represented by pairs of testing procedures of verification and falsification. The treatise, in its second part, identifies a small number of basic forms of testing procedures, affiliated to the syncategoremata of classical philosophy, and uses these to represent all distinguishable, humanly producible, forms of statement. This same apparatus is used, in the third part of the treatise, to explain our conception of an object of reference and of various constructions from such objects. Particular attention is given to bodies and to other things met with in space and time, where it is finally argued that bodies, as we have explained them, are our most fundamental objects of reference
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401128568
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 142
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 142
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Human genetics ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Medical genetics.
    Abstract: This book is a reassessment of the work of Fisher, Haldane, Muller and Wright on the occasion of the centenaries of their birth. Given the seminal role played by these figures in twentieth century evolutionary biology, it is also an important contribution to the history of biology. It brings together the scholarship of biologists, historians and philosophers to analyze the relative contributions and influence of these figures. In considering Muller along with Fisher, Haldane and Wright as a founder of `evolutionary genetics', this book breaks new ground in the historiography of biology. The contributions included here should be of value to evolutionary biologists as well as historians and philosophers of science. The book will appeal to historians and philosophers of biology, evolutionary biologists, and historians and philosophers of science
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401126946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 232 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies In Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 223
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science.
    Abstract: Written before the impressive collapse of the socialist system in Eastern Europe, this book offers a quite objective and serious systematic analysis of the Marxian labor theory of value, Marx's main scientific legacy. After reconstructing the `prototype' of this theory -- which is the theory as it was left by Marx himself in Capital -- the author proceeds to a careful and detailed analysis of its foundational problems, taking into account Böhm-Bawerk's important criticisms. After introducing advanced contemporary formal tools, the author proceeds to a thorough discussion of the dialectical method, just in order to tackle the foundational problems of the theory. He provides a formally precise and well motivated definition of abstract labor, and then proceeds to prove the existence of a measurement of abstract labor -- i.e. the existence of numerical labor-values. Using this result, the author provides rigorous axiomatic foundations for the theory of value and then proves the existence of a Marxian competitive equilibrium, which is tantamount to the proof of the possibility of reproduction for a capitalist economy. The author finishes the book by showing in detail how the problems of the prototype are solved, by reconstructing the Leontief model of the labor theory of value on the new logical bases. Written in a very clear style, in the language of contemporary philosophy of science, the book is of interest to philosophers of science and economists, applied logicians and all those interested in the scientific legacy of Karl Marx
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789401124881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIV, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 139
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 139
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Modern physical science is constituted by specialized scientific fields rooted in experimental laboratory work and in rational and mathematical representations. Contemporary scientific explanation is rigorously differentiated from religious interpretation, although, to be sure, scientists sometimes do the philosophical work of interpreting the metaphysics of space, time, and matter. However, it is rare that either theologians or philosophers convincingly claim that they are doing the scientific work of physical scientists and mathematicians. The rigidity of these divisions and differentiations is relatively new. Modern physical science was invented slowly and gradually through interactions of the aims and contents of mathematics, theology, and natural philosophy since the seventeenth century. In essays ranging in focus from seventeenth-century interpretations of heavenly comets to twentieth-century explanations of tracks in bubble chambers, ten historians of science demonstrate metaphysical and theological threads continuing to underpin the epistemology and practice of the physical sciences and mathematics, even while they became disciplinary specialties during the last three centuries. The volume is prefaced by tributes to Erwin N. Hiebert, whose teaching and scholarship have addressed and inspired attention to these issues
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789401580540
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 329 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 130
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Economics ; Evolution (Biology) ; Econometrics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The question of origins is inseparable from a web of hypotheses that both shape and explain us. Although origin invites examination, it always seems to elude our grasp. Notions have always been produced which seek to interpret the genesis of life, mind, and the social order, and these notions have all been found to be unstable in the face of theoretical and empirical challenges. In any given period, the central ideas on origin have had a mutual resonance, frequently overlooked by specialists engaged in their particular fields. The main purpose of this truly interdisciplinary book is the drawing together of contributions from biology, the cognitive sciences and the humanities into a joint exploration of some of the main contemporary notions which deal with the understanding of origins in life, mind and society. The book consists of four central chapters (on social organization, symbols and money, life forms and perception) followed by acute and perceptive discussions. The book arose from an international meeting held at Stanford University
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789401131742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 431 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 131
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 131
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: One -- 1 / On the Objects of Our Subjective Knowledge -- 2 / Human Knowledge and Human Interaction -- 3 / Indeterminacy of Translation: A Non-Quinean Function of Content-Indeterminacy -- 4 / On the Impossibility of any Enterprise Concerning Self-Knowledge within Traditional Epistemology -- Two -- 5 / Methodological Essentialism in Science and in Philosophy -- 6 / Of Variance and Invariance in Science: Empirical Science as an Enterprise ComprisingNFCPSSystems -- 7 / Falsifiability and Methodological Invariance in Science -- 8 / The Methodology of Theory-Problem Interactive Systems -- 9 / The Resolving Power of a Scientific Theory as a Basis of its Epistemic Appraisal -- 10 / Epilogue -- Notes -- Index of Symbols -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: For a philosopher with an abiding interest in the nature of objective knowledge systems in science, what could be more important than trying to think in terms of those very subjects of such knowledge to which men like Galileo, Newton, Max Planck, Einstein and others devoted their entire lifetimes? In certain respects, these systems and their structures may not be beyond the grasp of a linguistic conception of science, and scientific change, which men of science and philosophy have advocated in various forms in recent times. But certainly it is wrong-headed to think that one's conception of science can be based on an identification of its theories with languages in which they may be, my own alternatively, framed. There may be more than one place in book (1983: 87) where they may seem to get confused with each other, quite against my original intentiens. The distinction between the objec­ tive knowledge systems in science and the dynamic frameworks of the languages of the special individual sciences, in which their growth can be embedded in significant ways, assumes here, therefore, much impor­ tance. It must be recognized that the problems concerning scientific change, which these systems undergo, are not just problems concerning language change.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789401131827
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 331 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in RB [Rezension von: Uebel, Thomas E., Rediscovering the Forgotten Vienna Circle] 1992
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 133
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 133
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introductory Essay -- 1. Otto Neurath and the Neurath Reception: Puzzle and Promise -- I. The Case of Neurath and the History and Historiography of Science and Philosophy -- 2. On Otto Neurath -- 3. History and the System of Science in Otto Neurath -- 4. On the Historiography of Austrian Philosophy -- 5. Aspects of the Social Background and Position of the Vienna Circle at the University of Vienna -- II. Neurath as a Metatheoretician: Epistemology and Methodology -- 6. The Philosopher Otto Neurath -- The Early Neurath -- 7. The First Vienna Circle -- 8. On Neurath’s Writings on Logic, Ethics and Physics -- 9. The Neurath Principle: Its Grounds and Consequences -- Neurath and the Vienna Circle -- 10. Metaphysics in the Vienna Circle -- 11. Ethics and the Problem of Value in the Vienna Circle -- 12. Otto Neurath—Moritz Schlick: On the Philosophical and Political Antagonisms in the Vienna Circle -- 13. Neurath contra Schlick. On the Discussion of Truth in the Vienna Circle -- 14. On Neurath’s Empiricism and his Critique of Empiricism -- 15. Two Ways of Experiential Justification -- Applications -- 16 Otto Neurath’s Contribution to the Theory of the Social Sciences -- 17. Sociological Thought with Otto Neurath -- 18. Neurath’s Theory of Pictorial-Statistical Representation -- III. Neurath as Politician of Knowledge: The Partisanship of Enlightenment -- 19. Otto Neurath: Encyclopedist, Adult Educationalist and School Reformer -- 20. Otto Neurath and Adult Education: Unity of Science, Materialism and Comprehensive Enlightenment -- 21. The Unity of Planned Economy and the Unity of Science -- 22. Otto Neurath’s Utopias—The Will to Hope -- Name Index.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401131889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 538 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 132
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 132
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Education—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. A Deeper Unity: Some Feyerabendian Themes in Neurocomputational Form -- 2. How to Be a Good Realist -- 3. Between Formalism and Anarchism: A Reasonable Middle Way -- 4. Free of Prejudice and Wholly Critical -- 5. Speculation, Calculation and the Creation of Phenomena -- 6. Reason and Practice -- 7. Science in Feyerabend’s Free Society -- 8. Letter to an Anti-Liberal Liberal -- 9. Obituary on the “Anarchist” Paul Feyerabend -- 10. Ideology, Science and a Free Society -- 11. The Myth of Astronomical Instrumentalism -- 12. Feyerabend on Falsifications, Galileo, and Lady Reason -- 13. The Observational Origins of Feyerabend’s Anarchistic Epistemology -- 14. Incommensurability, its Varieties and its Ontological Consequences -- 15. Feyerabend and the Facts -- 16. Ideological Commitments in the Philosophy of Science -- 17. As You Like It -- 18. Perceptions and Maturity: Reflections on Feyerabend’s Point of View -- 19. Paul Feyerabend — a Green Hero? -- 20. Ecology as a Challenge to Philosophy -- 21. Against Feyerabend -- 22. A New Slant on the Tower Experiment -- 23. Feyerabend’s Materialism -- 24. Scientific Methods and Feyerabend’s Advocacy of Anarchism -- 25. Concluding Unphilosophical Conversation.
    Abstract: Some philosophers think that Paul Feyerabend is a clown, a great many others think that he is one of the most exciting philosophers of science of this century. For me the truth does not lie somewhere in between, for I am decidedly of the second opinion, an opinion that is becoming general around the world as this century comes to an end and history begins to cast its appraising eye upon the intellectual harvest of our era. A good example of this opinion may be found in the admiration for Feyerabend's philosophy of science expressed by Grover Maxwell in his contribution to this volume. Maxwell, recalling his own intellectual transformation, says also that it was Feyerabend who "confirmed my then incipient suspicions that most of the foundations of currently fashionable philosophy and even a great deal of the methodology to which many scientists pay enthusiastic lip service are based on simple mistake- assumptions whose absurdity becomes obvious once attention is directed at them". And lest the reader thinks, as many still do, that however sharp Feyerabend's attacks upon the philosophical establishment may have been, he does not offer a positive philosophy (a complain made by C.A. Hooker and some of the other contributors), Paul Churchland argues otherwise.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789401137386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 130 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 16
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On Truth -- Introduction: Logical Values -- I. The Nature of Truth -- II. The Coherence Theory of Truth -- III. Judgment -- IV. Knowledge and Opinion -- V. Judgment and Time -- Appendix I: Older Draft Versions -- Introductory -- I. The Nature of Truth -- II. The Coherence Theory of Truth -- III. Judgment -- V. Judgment and Time -- Appendix II: Supplemental Material -- 1. The Nature of Proportions (1921) -- 2. “On Justifying Induction”: Paper to the Society (1922) -- 3. “The Long and Short of It” -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The present publication forms part of a projected book that F. P. Ramsey drafted but never completed. It survived among his papers and ultimately came into the possession of the University of Pittsburgh in the circumstances detailed in the Editor's Introduction. Our hope in issuing this work at this stage - some sixty years after Ramsey's premature death at the age of 26 - is both to provide yet another token of his amazing philosophical creativity, and also to make available an important datum for the still to be written history of the development of philosophical analysis. This is a book whose appearance will, we hope and expect, be appreciated both by those interested in linguistic philosophy itself and by those concerned for its historical development in the present century. EDITORS'INTRODUCTION 1. THE RAMSEY COLLECTION Frank Plump ton Ramsey (22 February 1903 -19 January 1930) was an extra­ ordinary scholarly phenomenon. Son of a distinguished mathematician and President of Magdalene College, Cambridge and brother of Arthur Michael, eventual Archbishop of Canterbury, Ramsey was closely connected with Cambridge throughout his life, ultimately becoming lecturer in Mathematics in the University. Notwithstanding his great mathematical talent, it was primarily logic and philosophy that engaged his interests, and he wrote original and important contributions to logic, semantics, epistomology, probability theory, philosophy of science, and economics, in addition to seminal work in the foundations of mathematics.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789401137362
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 373 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 46
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 46
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: To The Argument Of 1768 -- To The Arguments Of 1770 And 1783 -- On The First Ground Of The Distinction Of Regions In Space (1768) -- Selection From Section 15 Of Dissertation On The Form And Principles Of The Sensible And Intelligible World (1770) -- Selection From The Prolegomena To Any Future Metaphysics (1783) -- On Higher Space -- The Paradox Of Incongruous Counterparts -- Tractatus 6.36111 -- Incongruent Counterparts And Absolute Space -- The Fourth Dimension -- The Ozma Problem And The Fall Of Parity -- The Difference Between Right And Left -- Kant Incongruous Counterparts, And The Nature Of Space And Space-Time -- Hands, Knees, And Absolute Space -- Incongruous Counterparts, Intrinsic Features, And The Substantiviality Of Space -- Incongruent Counterparts -- Showing And Telling: Can The Difference Between Right And Left Be Explained In Words? -- Right, Left, And The Fourth Dimension -- On the Other Hand...: A Reconsideration of Kant, Incongruent Counterparts, and Absolute Space -- Replies To Sklar And Earman -- Kant On Incongruent Counterparts -- The Role of Incongruent Counterparts in Kant’s Transcendental Idealism -- Incongruent Counterparts And Things In Themselves -- Contemporary Contributors.
    Abstract: Incongruent counterparts are objects that are perfectly similar except for being mirror images of each other, such as left and right human hands. Immanuel Kant was the first great thinker to point out the philosophical significance of such objects. He called them "counter­ parts" because they are similar in nearly every way, "incongruent" because, despite their similarity, one could never be put in the place of the other. Three important discussions of incongruent counterparts occur in Kant's writings. The first is an article published in 1768, 'On the First Ground of the Distinction of Regions in Space', in which Kant con­ tended that incongruent counterparts furnish a refutation of Leibniz's relational theory of space and a proof of Newton's rival theory of absolute space. The second is a section of his Inaugural Dissertation, published two years later in 1770, in which he cited incongruent counterparts as showing that our knowledge of space must rest on intuitions. The third is a section of the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics of 1783, in which he cited incongruent counterparts as a paradox resolvable only by his own theory of space as mind-dependent. A fourth mention in the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science of 1786 briefly repeats the Prolegomena point. Curiously, there is no mention of incongruent counterparts in either of the editions (1781 and 1787) of Kant's magnum opus, the Critique of Pure Reason.
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  • 57
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 241 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemolog Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: “Ma vie en bref” -- “Indeterminism or Instability, Does It Matter?” -- “Covariance and the Non-Preference of Coordinate Systems” -- “Kant’s ‘Platonic’ Argument in Behalf of the A Priori Character of the Representation of Space” -- “The Sense of the A Priori Method in Leibniz’s Dynamics” -- “Méthode axiomatique et idée de système dans l’oeuvre de Jules Vuillemin” -- “Algebra, Constructibility, and the Indeterminate” -- “On Whether an Answer to a Why-Question Is an Explanation If and Only If It Yields Scientific Understanding” -- “Some Revisionary Proposals About Belief and Believing” -- “Quantification, Modality, and Semantic Ascent” -- “Temporal Necessity, Time and Ability: a philosophical commentary on Diodorus Cronus’ Master Argument as given in the interpretation of Jules Vuillemin” -- “Replies” -- List of the Publications of Jules Vuillemin, 1947–1989.
    Abstract: Deservedly so, Jules Vuillemin is widely respected and greatly admired. It is not simply that he has produced a large body of outstanding work, in many different areas of philosophy. Or that he combines to an unusual degree rigorous standards with a very wide perspective. Or even that in his path-breaking accounts of algebra, of !)escartes, of Kant and of Russell, he showed in new and profound ways how the histories of science and philosophy could be used to illuminate each other. It is also that he has pursued the application of formal techniques and the defense of liberal institutions with a rare singlemindedness and courage. In a time and place where the former were generally ignored and the latter often attacked, he carried on, at some personal cost, embodying a traditional and ideal conception of the philosophical life, bridging national differences. Those who know him also treasure his friendship. Always curious, he delights in new facts and new experiences, and continually heightens the perception of those around him. Almost yearly, at the College de France he introduced brand new courses always with fresh and fruitful inSights. Exceptionally solicitous, he follows the lives of the families around him in great detail. The devotion of his students is legend. His personal energy is also legend. Many of us have followed him bounding up the stairs two at a time or through the gardens of the Luxembourg, his wit and irony apace.
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  • 58
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401578851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 330 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 213
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A Philosophical Autobiography -- Selected Correspondence with Geach -- History of Philosophy -- Abelard and Medieval Mereology -- Form, Existence and Essence in Aquinas -- On the Discontinuity of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy -- Possibility, Plenitude and Determinism -- Logic -- Plural and Pleonetetic Quantification -- On a Queer Pattern of Argument -- Geach and the Methodology of the Logical Study of Natural Language -- Natural Deduction and Ordinary Language Discourse Structure Identity -- Does Quantification Involve Identity? -- Conceptual Surroundings of Absolute Identity -- On Sameness and Selfhood -- Philosophy of Religion -- Philosophical Confusion and Sin -- On Improving Christianity -- Replies -- Bibliography of Works of P. T. Geach.
    Abstract: The present volume owes its existence to a proposal of Dr Esa Saarinen. Our aim was to celebrate the work of a living philosopher by presenting it both from his own point of view, through the medium of a philosophical autobiography, and from that of his closest philo­ sophical colleagues and adversaries. We felt that a philosophical career lived through vigorous controversy was best reflected not by adulation but in the spirit of that career - by open debate. Contributors were not constrained in their choice of topic, but their contributions fell naturally into groups linked with some of Peter Geach's principal areas of interest, and we have so grouped them in the book. There is an interweaving of biographical and philosophical themes, not only in Peter Geach's philosophical autobiography, but also in the introductions he has contributed to each section. Professor W. V. O. Quine's contribution, which consists of extracts from his correspondence with Peter Geach, has been set apart as it forms a natural bridge between Peter Geach's autobiography and the contri­ butions that follow. Their correspondence reproduced here throws new light on many familiar themes from the writings of both philosophers: among them, the objects of belief and other attitudes, issues in set theory, the nature of causality, and evolution in epistemology.
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  • 59
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137560
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 361 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 47
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 47
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I/Explanation and Unification -- One / Positivist Models of Explanation -- Two / The Abstractive Nature of Theories -- Three / Composition Laws -- Four / Reduction -- II / Explanation in Biology -- Five / Explanation and Imperfect Laws in Biology -- Six / Purpose and Function in Biology -- III / Darwin’s Science -- Seven / Biogeographical Explanations -- Eight / The Structure of Darwin’s Theory -- Nine / Some Methodological Criticisms of Darwin’s Theory -- Ten / The Evidential Support for Darwin’s Theory -- Eleven/ The Logical Structure of Darwin’s Argument -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: I would like to record my thanks to Paul Thompson for useful conver­ sations over the years, and also to several generations of students who have helped me develop my ideas on biological theory and on Darwin. My wife has, as usual, been more than helpful; in particular she typed a good portion of the manuscript while I was on leave a few years ago, more now than I like to remember. My parents were both looking forward to holding a final copy of this book. I only regret that my mother did not live long enough to see its completion. I must also thank the publishers and their staff. They have been re­ markably patient about meeting deadlines - promises were repeatedly made and then, owing to family situations, had to be broken - and for this I am considerably in their debt. I would further like to thank the following authors and publishers for permission to use their work: R. C. Lewontin, The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change, Figure 1, p. 14; © 1964 Columbia University Press; reprinted here by kind permission of the author and publisher. F. Wilson, 'Goudge's Contribution to the Philosophy of Science', in L. W. Sumner, J. G. Slater, and F. Wilson (eds.), Pragmatism and Purpose: Essays in Honour of T. A. Goudge; © 1964 University of Toronto Press; reproduced here in part by kind permission of all the editors and the publisher.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789401134125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 261 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 10
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 10
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Copernicus, Apollo, and Herakles -- Religion and the Failures of Determinism -- The Paradox of Power: Hobbes and Stoic Naturalism -- Cudworth and Seventeenth-Century Theories of Consciousness -- The Neoplatonic Conception of Nature in More, Cudworth, and Berkeley -- The Ancient Legal Sources of Seventeenth-Century Probability -- Robert Hooke, Physico-Mythology, Knowledge of the World of the Ancients and Knowledge of the Ancient World -- ‘The Wisdom of the Egyptians’ and the Secularisation of History in the Age of Newton -- On Newtonian History -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Mythical and Historical Figures.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively earl- though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appoint­ ments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of W ollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. 'Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science' aims to provide a distinctive pUblication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encouraged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 61
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401134149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVII, 623 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 128
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 128
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Book One The Two Fundamental Observations -- 1. Science Demands the Concept of Thing -- 2. Science Seeks Explanation -- Book Two The Explanatory Process -- 3. Deduction -- 4. Rationality Postulated -- 5. Identity and Identification -- 6. The Irrational -- 7. Biological Phenomena -- 8. Forms of Spatial Explanation -- 9. The Possibilities of Scientific Explanation -- 10. The State of Potentiality -- Book Three Global Explanation -- 11. Hegel’s Attempt -- 12. Schelling’s Objections -- 13. Hegel and Comte -- 14. Hegel, Descartes and Kant -- Book Four Scientific and Philosophic Reason -- 15. Science and Philosophic Systems -- 16. The Rationality of the Real Reconsidered -- 17. The Epistemological Paradox -- 18. The Oneness of Human Reason -- Appendices -- 1 The Precursors of Hume -- 2 The Resistance to Lavoisier’s Theory -- 3 The Formula of the Universe in Laplace and in Taine -- 4 Arrhenius’s Theory and Other Such Efforts -- 5 Hegel’s Political Attitude -- 6 The Prestige and the Decline of Hegelian Philosophy -- 7 Abstract and Concrete Reason in Hegel -- 8 Hegel’s Panlogism -- 10 The Philosophy of Nature and Scientific Progress -- 11 Hegel, Schelling and Chemical Theory -- 12 Hegel and National Science -- 13 Hegel’s Artistic Sense and Sense of Rhythm -- 14 The Hegelian Dialectic and Experience -- 15 Schelling, Hegel and Victor Cousin -- 16 The Identity of Thought and Reality in Schelling -- 17 Schelling’s Announced Works -- 18 Caroline Schelling -- 19 Personal Relations Between Schelling and 20 Hegel -- 20 Tycho Brahe, Astrology and the Motion of the Earth -- 21 Non-Euclidean Space and Physical Verification -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Emile Meyerson's writings on the philosophy of science are a rich source of ideas and information concerning many philosophical and historical aspects of the development of modem science. Meyerson's works are not widely read or cited today by philosophers or even philosophers of science, in part because they have long been out of print and are often not available even in research libraries. There are additional chevaux de !rise for all but the hardiest scholars: Meyerson's books are written in French (and do not all exist in English versions) and deal with the subject matter of science - ideas or concepts, laws or principles, theories - and epis­ temological questions rather than today's more fashionable topics of the social matrix and external influences on science with the concomitant neglect of the intellectual content of science. Born in Lublin, Poland, in 1859, Meyerson received most of his education in Germany, where he studied from the age of 12 to 23, preparing himself for a career in chemistry. ! He moved to Paris in 1882, where he began a career as an industrial chemist. Changing his profession, he then worked for a time as the foreign news editor of the HAVAS News Agency in Paris. In 1898 he joined the agency established by Edmond Rothschild that had as its purpose the settling of Jews in Palestine and became the Director of the Jewish Colonization Association for Europe and Asia Minor. These activities represent Meyerson's formal career.
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 466 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 217
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Mathematical physics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Gravitation.
    Abstract: The Universe as a Scientific and Philosophical Problem -- The Geometric Structure of the Universe -- Superstring Unification and the Existence of Gravity -- The Universe of Modern Science and its Philosophical Exploration -- From Molecules to Life -- Meta-Neuroanatomy: The Myth of the Unbounded Main/Brain -- Emergence and Reduction in Morphogenetic Theories -- What can we know about the Universe? -- The Universe as a Scientific Object -- General Laws of Nature and The Uniqueness of the Universe -- The Anthropic Principle and its Epistemological Status in Modern Physical Cosmology -- Evolutionary Ideas and Contemporary Naturalism -- Origin and Evolution of the Universe and Mankind -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: It has often been noted that a kind of double dynamics char- terizes the development of science. On the one hand the progress in every discipline appears as the consequence of an increasing specialization, implying the restriction of the inquiry to very partial fields or aspects of a given domain. On the other hand, an opposite (but one might better say a complementary) trend points towards the construction of theoretical frameworks of great ge- rality, the aim of which seems to correspond not so much to the need of providing «explanations» for the details accumulated through partial investigation, as to the desire of attaining an - rizon of global comprehension of the whole field. This intell- tual dialectics is perceivable in every discipline, from mathe- tics, to physics, to biology, to history, to economics, to sociology, and it is not difficult to recognize there the presence of the two main attitudes according to which human beings try to make «intelligible» the world surrounding them (including themselves), attitudes which are sometimes called analysis and synthesis. They correspond respectively to the spontaneous inclination which pushes us to try to understand things by seeing «how they are made», in the sense of «looking into them» and breaking them into their constitutive parts, or rather to encompass things in a global picture, where they are accounted for as occupying a place, or playing a role, which are understandable from the point of view of the whole.
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  • 63
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 588 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 127
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 127
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: The Tradition -- One: Aristotelian and Platonic Conceptions of Explanation -- Two: Aristotle’s Philosophy of Nature and Theory of Potentiality -- Three: Plato’s Concept of the Actual and His Philosophy of Nature -- II: The Logical Revolution -- Four: The Copernican Harmony -- Five: Bacon’s Informative Logic -- Six: Informativity and Paradox: Galileo’s Conception of the Nature of Physical Reality -- Seven: Descartes’ Informative Logic -- III: Newton’s Physics and its Critics -- Eight: Actual Infinity and Newton’s Calculus -- Nine: Newton’s Logic of Space and Time -- Ten: Modern Newtonian Historiography and the Puzzle of Newton’s Absolute Space -- Eleven: Absolute Motion and the Nature of Inertial Forces -- Twelve: Locke and the Meaning of “Empiricism” -- Thirteen: Newton’s Invention of the Problem of Induction -- Fourteen: Circularity and Newton’s Philosophy of Nature -- Fifteen: Leibniz’s Aristotelian Philosophy of Nature -- Sixteen: Berkeley’s Aristotelian Critique of Newton’s Physics -- Epilogue -- Appendix: Some Basic Ideas in Newton’s Physics -- Notes.
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 135 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 30
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Initial Assumptions -- 2: The Standard Theory of Past, Present, and Future -- 3: The Non-Standard Theory of Past, Present, and Future -- 4: Past, Present, Future and Time -- 5: Past, Present, Future and Existence -- 6: Past, Present, Future and Becoming -- 7: Other Theories of Past, Present, and Future -- Appendix: Point-Eventism.
    Abstract: This book is dedicated to the memory of Professor Henryk Mehlberg, primarily because I want to recall his name to readers in the West; for, although Professor Mehlberg was the foremost Polish philosopher in the field of philosophy of time-in that version which is related to twentieth­ century physics-his fundamental work concerning time was published in English 43 years after its original publication (cf. Mehlberg, 1980). I am deeply indebted to Henryk Mehlberg. For two years after the Second World War, I was his student at Wroclaw University (where he lectured on philosophy and mathematical logic). At that time, I developed, under his influence, a long-life fascination with the philosophy of time, and was taught by him how to approach these problems effectively. My research in this field has resulted in three books. The first, Prop­ erties of Time, published (in Polish) in 1970, concerns the topological properties and properties of symmetry (homogeneity and anisotropy) of time. The second, The Nature of Time, published (in Polish) in 1975, looks at possible definitions of time within both theories of relativity. The present book is the third, originally published (in Polish) in 1979; it concerns philosophical problems of past, present, and future and is here presented in English to reach a wider audience.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789401137867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 319 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 9
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Does Distance Tyrannize Science? -- Tyrannies of Distance in British Science -- Dr George Bennett and Sir Richard Owen: A Case Study of the Colonization of Early Australian Science -- A Far Frontier: British Geological Research in Australia during the Nineteenth Century -- A Collaborative Dimension of the European Empires: Australian and French Acclimatization Societies and Intercolonial Scientific Co-operation -- International Exchange in the Natural History Enterprise: Museums in Australia and the United States -- A World-wide Scientific Network and Patronage System: Australian and Other ‘Colonial’ Fellows of the Royal Society of London -- Ionospheric and Radio Physics in Australian Science since the Early Days -- Theories of the Earth as Seen from Below -- Geographic Isolation and the Origin of Species: The Migrations of Michael White -- Antipodal Fire: Bushfire Research in Australia and America -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively early - though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. 'Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science' aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encouraged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789401131643
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 471 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 134
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 134
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- World Views and Scientific Discipline Formation: How East German Science Studies Contributed to the Fall of the Cultural Wall -- On the Origin and Nature of Scientific Disciplines -- II: Ideas and Institutions -- Relating Evolutionary Theory to the Natural Sciences -- Dialectical Understanding of the Unity of Scientific Knowledge -- History of Science in the GDR: Institutions and Programmatic Positions -- III: Mathematics in a Socio-Political Context -- Historiography of Mathematics: Aims, Methods, Tasks -- The Berlin’ society for Scientific Philosophy’ as Organizational Form of Philosophizing in the Medium of Natural Science -- Mathematics and Ideology in Fascist Germany -- IV: Psychology Constructs its Subject Matter -- Imageless Thought or Stimulus Error? The Social Construction of Private Experience -- The Berlin Psychological Tradition: Between Experiment and Quasi-Experimental Design, 1850–1990 -- Move over Darwin: The Ontogenetic Sources of William Preyer’s Developmental Psychology -- On the Interdisciplinary Genesis of Experimental Methods in Nineteenth-Century German Psychology -- V: Physics in the Context of Philosophy and Theory Of Science -- From Boltzmann to Planck: On Continuity in Scientific Revolutions -- Walther Nernst and Quantum Theory -- Historical Explanations in Modern Physics: The Lesson of Modern Quantum Mechanics -- Fritz London and the Community of Quantum Physicists -- VI: Theory as Method -- The Middle Ages: Darkness in the Sciences -- to the Basic Concepts of Communication-Oriented Science Studies -- Philosophical Problems of Modern Psychology -- VII: Discipline Formation of Philosophy -- Neo-Kantianism and Epistemology: On the Formation of a Philosophical Discipline in Nineteenth-Century Germany -- The Transformation of German Philosophy in the Context of Scientific Research in the Nineteenth Century -- Reform Efforts of Logic at Mid-Nineteenth Century in Germany -- VIII: Biological Evolution in the Mirror of Theories of Evolution -- August Weismann: One of the First Synthetic Theorists of Evolutionary Biology -- Darwin and the German Theologians -- Two Faces of Biologism: Some Reflections on a Difficult Period in the History of Biology in Germany -- What Keeps a Species Together -- IX: Teachers and Students: Chemistry Laboratories and Dissertations -- The Training in Germany of English-Speaking Chemists in the Nineteenth Century and its Profound Influence in America and Britain -- Science and Practice in German Agriculture: Justus von Liebig, Hermann von Liebig, and the Agricultural Experiment Stations -- Things Are Seldom What They Seem: The Story of Non-Phosphorylating Glycolysis -- X: Natural Science and Naturphilosophie -- Goethe’s Morphology of Stones: Between Natural History and Historical Geology -- The Philosophy of Living Things: Schilling’s Naturphilosophie as a Transition to the Philosophy of Identity 339 -- A New Correspondence of the Philosopher F. W. J. Schelling -- The Influence of Jakob Friedrich Fries on Matthias Schleiden -- XI: Science and Society -- The Geographical Vision and the Popular Order of Disciplines, 1848–1870 -- Knowledge Transfer in the Nineteenth Century: Young, Navier, Roebling, and the Brooklyn Bridge -- Soviet-German Scientific Relations before World War II: Fruitful Cooperation in Different Social Orders -- XII: The Social Construction of Scientific Knowledge -- Bourgeois Berlin Salons: Meeting Places for Culture and the Sciences -- Max Delbrück: A Physicist in Biology -- ‘Nobody Can Become a Real Engineer Who Has Not Already Become a Whole Person’ -- Summer Institute Program 1988 -- About the Authors -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The various efforts to develop a Marxist philosophy of science in the one­ time 'socialist' countries were casualties of the Cold War. Even those who were in no way Marxists, and those who were undogmatic in their Marxisms, now confront a new world. All the more harsh is it for those who worked within the framework imposed upon professional philosophy by the official ideology. Here in this book, we are concerned with some 31 colleagues from the late German Democratic Republic, representative in their scholarship of the achievements of a curiously creative while dismayingly repressive period. The literature published in the GDR was blossoming, certainly in the final decade, but it developed within a totalitarian regime where personal careers either advanced or faltered through the private protection or denunciation of mentors. We will never know how many good minds did not enter the field of philosophy in the first place due to their prudent judgments that there was a virtual requirement that the candidate join the Socialist Unity (i.e. Communist) Party. Among those who started careers and were sidetracked, the record is now beginning to be revealed; and for the rest, the price of 'doing philosophy' was mostly silence in the face of harassments the likes of which make academic politics in the West seem child's play.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789401135405
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 272 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 218
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Archaeology.
    Abstract: I: Foucauldian Archaeology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. On the Very Notion of “Archaeology” -- 3. The New Histories in France -- 4. Archaeology, the New Histories, and the History of Ideas -- 5. The Archaeological Model I: Identifying Discursive Formations -- 6. The Archaeological Model Ii: Beyond Continuity and Discontinuity -- 7. Archaeology of Knowledge and Other Histories of Science -- Notes to Part I -- II: Foucauldian Genealogy -- 8. Introduction -- 9. The Concept of Power -- 10. The Genealogical Conception of Power I: Fields and Networks -- 11. The Genealogical Conception of Power Ii: Social Power and Scientific Knowledge -- 12. Genealogical Research Strategies -- 13. Genealogical Perspectivism -- 14. Genealogical Criticism of Power and Rationalities -- Notes To Part II -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137300
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXV, 596 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 123
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 123
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Preface -- I. Aristotle (384–322 B.C.) and Archimedes (287–212 B.C.) -- II. Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) -- III. Jerome Cardan (1501–1576) -- IV. The Impossibility of Perpetual Motion -- V. The Alexandrian Sources of Medieval Statics -- 1. The works attributed to Euclid -- 2. The Liber Charastonis, published by Thâbit ibn Qurra -- 3. The treatise De canonio -- VI. Statics During the Middle Ages — Jordanus de Nemore -- 1. What do we know about Jordanus de Nemore? -- 2. Some passages from Aristotle’s Mechanical Problems -- 3. The Elements of Jordanus on the Demonstration of Weights -- VII. The Statics of the Middle Ages (Continued) — The School of Jordanus -- 1. The Genesis of the Liber Euclidis de ponderibus -- 2. The Peripatetic transformation of the Elementa Jordani -- 3. The Precursor of Leonardo da Vinci. Discovery of the concept of moment. Solution to the problem of the inclined plane -- 4. The Treatise on Weights according to Master Blasius of Parma -- VIII. The Statics of the Middle Ages and Leonardo da Vinci -- 1. The School of Jordanus, the Treatise of Blasius of Parma and the Statics of Leonardo da Vinci -- 2. The Composition of Forces -- 3. The Problem of the Inclined Plane -- IX. The School of Jordanus in the 16th Century — Nicolo Tartaglia -- 1. Nicolo Tartaglia or Tartalea -- 2. Jerome Cardan. — Alexander Piccolomini. — -- X. The Reaction Against Jordanus — Guido Ubaldo — G.B. Benedetti -- 1. Guido Ubaldo, Marquis del Monte (1545–1607) -- 2. Giovanbattista Benedetti (1530–1590) -- XI. Galileo Galilei (1564–1642). -- XII. Simon Stevin (1548–1620). -- XIII. The French Contribution to Statics — Roberval -- 1. Salomon de Caus. The Early Works of F. Mersenne. The Course on Mathematics by Pierre Hérigone -- 2. Gilles Persone de Roberval (1602–1675) -- XIV. The French Contribution to Statics (Continued) — René Descartes (1596–1650) -- Preface -- XV. The Mechanical Properties of the Center of Gravity from Albert of Saxony to Evangelista Torricelli -- First Period —From Albert of Saxony to the Copernican Revolution -- Second Period — From the Copernician Revolution to Torricelli -- XVI. The Doctrine of Albert of Saxony and the Geostaticians -- 1. How the notion of the center of gravity was refined. The influence of Kepler -- 2. How the notion of the center of gravity was refined (continued). The geostaticians -- XVII. The Systematization of the Laws of Statics -- 1. F. Marin Mersenne (1588–1648), Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), F. Zucchi (1586–1670), F. Honoré Fabri (1606–1688) -- 2. The Traité de Méchanique of Roberval -- 3. John Wallis (1616–1703) -- 4. The great treatises of statics from the Jesuit school. F. Dechales (1621–1678), F. Paolo Casati (1617–1707) -- 5. The reaction against the methods of virtual velocities and virtual work; Jacques Rohault (1620–1675), F. Pardies (1636–1673). The Treatises of F. Lamy, The De motu animalium of Borelli -- 6. The Parallelogram of Forces and Dynamics. The Observations of Roberval. Varignon (1654–1722). The Letter of F. Lamy. The Principia of Newton. The Neo-Statics of F. Saccheri -- 7. The Letter of Jean Bernoulli to Varignon (1717). The definitive formulation of the Principle of Virtual Displacements -- Note A. On the Identity of Charistion and Heriston -- Note B. Jordanus de Nemore and Roger Bacon -- Note C. On the Various Axioms Permitting the Deduction of the Theory of the Lever.
    Abstract: If ever a major study of the history of science should have acted like a sudden revolution it is this book, published in two volumes in 1905 and 1906 under the title, Les origines de la statique. Paris, the place of publication, and the Librairie scientifique A. Hermann that brought it be enough of a guarantee to prevent a very different out, could seem to outcome. Without prompting anyone, for some years yet, to follow up the revolutionary vistas which it opened up, Les origines de la statique certainly revolutionized Duhem's remaining ten or so years. He became the single-handed discoverer of a vast new land of Western intellectual history. Half a century later it could still be stated about the suddenly proliferating studies in medieval science that they were so many commentariesonDuhem's countlessfindings and observations. Of course, in 1906, Paris and the intellectual world in general were mesmerized by Bergson's Evolution creatrice, freshly off the press. It was meant to bring about a revolution. Bergson challenged head-on the leading dogma of the times, the idea of mechanistic evolution. He did so by noting, among other things, that to speak of vitalism was at least a roundabout recognition of scientific ignorance about a large number of facts concerning life-processes. He held high the idea of a "vital impetus passing through matter," and indeed through all matter or the universe, an impetus thatcould be detected only through intuitiveknowledge.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132008
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 265 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 6
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I: Høffding as Mentor -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- II: Bohr and the Atomic Description of Nature -- V -- VI -- VII -- VIII -- Epilogue: The Legacy -- Notes.
    Abstract: The bulk of the present book has not been published previously though Chapters II and IV are based in part on two earlier papers of mine: "The Influence of Harald H!1lffding's Philosophy on Niels Bohr's Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics", which appeared in Danish Yearbook of Philosophy, 1979, and "The Bohr-H!1lffding Relationship Reconsidered", published in Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 1988. These two papers comple­ ment each other, and in order to give the whole issue a more extended treatment I have sought, in the present volume by drawing on relevant historical material, to substantiate the claim that H!1lffding was Bohr's mentor. Besides containing a detailed account of Bohr's philosophy, the book, at the same time, serves the purpose of making H!1lffding' s ideas and historical significance better known to a non-Danish readership. During my work on this book I have consulted the Royal Danish Library; the National Archive of Denmark and the Niels Bohr Archive, Copenhagen, in search of relevant material. I am grateful for permission to use and quote material from these sources. Likewise, I am indebted to colleagues and friends for commenting upon the manuscript: I am especially grateful to Professor Henry Folse for our many discussions during my visit to New Orleans in November-December 1988 and again here in Elsinore in July 1990.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789401132442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 247 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 49
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 49
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On (the x) (x = Lambert) -- Five Easy Pieces -- The Cartesian Cogitos -- Undefined Definite Descriptions -- Maximum Entropy Updating and Conditionalization -- Leibniz on Ens and Existence -- Colours, Corners and Complexity: Meinong and Wittgenstein on Some Internal Relations -- Atomic Sentences as Singular Terms in Free Logic -- EPR-Situation and Bell’s Inequality -- On Being Spread Out in Time: Temporal Parts and the Problem of Change -- Stability and Chance -- A Reason for Explanation: Explanations Provide Stable Reasons -- The Systems of Plato and Aristotle Compared as to Their Contributions to Physics -- A Note on Aristotle’s Theory of Definition and Scientific Explanation -- Actualism, Free Logic and First-Order Supervaluations -- Bibliography Of Karel Lambert.
    Abstract: This collection of essays is dedicated to 'Joe' Karel Lambert. The contributors are all personally affected to Joe in some way or other, but they are definitely not the only ones. Whatever excuses there are - there are some -, the editors apologize to whomever they have neglected. But even so the collection displays how influential Karel Lambert has been, personally and through his teaching and his writings. The display is in alphabetical order - with one exception: Bas van Fraassen, being about the earliest student of Karel Lambert, opens the collection with some reminiscences. Naturally, one of the focal points of this volume is Lambert's logical thinking and (or: freed of) ontological thinking. Free logic is intimately connected with description theory. Bas van Fraassen gives a survey of the development of the area, and Charles Daniels points to difficulties with definite descriptions in modal contexts and stories. Peter Woodruff addresses the relation between free logic and supervaluation semantics, presenting a novel condition which recovers desirable metatheoretic properties for free logic under that semantics. Terence Parsons shows how free logic can be utilized in interpreting sentences as purporting to denote events (true ones succeed and false ones fail) and how this helps to understand natural language.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789401736497
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 460 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: La philosophie contemporaine / Contemporary philosophy, Chroniques nouvelles / A new survey 6
    Series Statement: Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey 6
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Contents/Table des matières/Inhalt -- Philosophy in the Byzantine Empire -- La philosophie grecque de 415 à 750 -- Die byzantinische Philosophie -- Islamic and Jewish Philosophy -- Die arabisch-islamische Philosophie des Mittelalters -- La Philosophie juive -- Medieval Jewish Philosophy -- Sufism in Modern Research -- The Latin Translations -- L’Aristote Latin -- Traductions latines des texts philosophiques arabes -- Language, Logic and Science -- Grammar -- Grammaire -- Logic -- Research in early Medieval Logic -- La lexicographie -- Political Theory -- Politische Theorien -- Medieval Philosophy in East Asia -- The Study of Medieval Philosophy in Japan -- Women’s Studies -- Women’s Studies of the Christian Tradition -- Études relatives aux femmes et à leur rôle dans les cultures musulmanes du Vile and XVe siècles -- Index of names and subjects.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920156
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 121
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 121
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: I: Science Classical Greece -- 1. The Role of Observation in Plato’s Conception of Astronomy -- 2. The Unity of Scientific Inquiry and Categorial Theory in Aristotle -- 3. Knowledge and Belief in Plato’s Republic -- 4. Some Thoughts on Explanation in Ancient Philosophy -- 5. Alcmeon’s and Hippocrates’s Concept of Aetia -- 6. Experience and Causal Explanation in Medical Empiricism -- 7. Soul as Attunement: An Analogy or a Model? -- 8. The Hypotheses of Mathematics in Plato’s Republic and His Contribution to the Axiomatization of Geometry -- 9. Rediscovering Some Stoic Arguments -- 10. Models of Change: A Common Ground for Ancient Greek Philosophy and Modern Science -- 11. Criteria Concerning the Birth of a New Science: The Case of Greek Astronomy -- II: Science and the Modern Greek Enlightenment -- 12. The Idea of Science in the Modern Greek Enlightenment -- 13. The History of the Theory of Natural Sciences: A Paradigm -- III: Science Studies -- 14. Evolutionary Epistemology on Universals as Innate Classificatory Devices -- 15. The Development of Freudian Theory: The Role of the ‘Centre’ and the ‘Excentric’ in Theory Production and Diffusion -- 16. Law and Economics: Methodological Problems in Their Interdisciplinary Cooperation -- IV: Studies of Physics -- 17. From Gases and Liquids to Fluids: The Formation of New Concepts During the Development of Theories of Liquids -- 18. A Matter of Order: A Controversy between Heisenberg and London -- 19. Once Again on the Meaning of Physical Concepts -- 20. Locality: A New Enigma for Physics -- V: Philosophical Studies -- 21. Schlick’s Epistemology and Its Contribution to Modern Empiricism -- 22. On Theoretical Terms -- 23. Leibniz on Density and Sequential or Cauchy Completeness -- 24. Frege: Theory of Meaning or Philosophy of Science? -- 25. The Plato-Wittgenstein Route to the Pragmatics of Falsification -- 26. Wittgenstein, Rationality and Relativism -- Notes on the Authors.
    Abstract: Our Greek colleagues, in Greece and abroad, must know (indeed they do know) how pleasant it is to recognize the renaissance of the philosophy of science among them with this fine collection. Classical and modern, technical and humane, historical and logical, admirably original and respectfully traditional, these essays will deserve close study by philosophical readers throughout the world. Classical scholars and historians of science likewise will be stimulated, and the historians of ancient as well as modern philosophers too. Reviewers might note one or more of the contributions as of special interest, or as subject to critical wrestling (that ancient tribute); we will simply congratulate Pantelis Nicolacopoulos for assembling the essays and presenting the book, and we thank the contributors for their works and for their happy agreement to let their writings appear in this book. R. S. C. xi INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Neither philosophy nor science is new to Greece, but philosophy of science is. There are broader (socio-historical) and more specific (academic) reasons that explain, to a satisfactory degree, both the under-development of philosophy and history of science in Greece until recently and its recent development to international standards. It is, perhaps, not easy to have in mind the fact that the modem Greek State is only 160 years old (during quite a period of which it was consider­ ably smaller than it is today, its present territory having been settled after World War II).
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  • 73
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919020
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 45
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 45
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Metaphysics ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1. Epistemology & Nominalism -- 2. What Is Abstraction & What Is It Good For? -- 3. Beliefs About Mathematical Objects -- 5. Field & Fregean Platonism -- 5. ? in The Sky -- 6. Nominalism -- 7. The Logic of Physical Theory -- 8. Knowledge of Mathematical Objects -- 9. Physicalism, Reductionism & Hilbert -- 10. Physicalistic Platonism -- 11. Sets are Universals -- 12. Modal-Structural Mathematics -- 13. Logical & Philosophical Foundations for Arithmetical Logic -- 14. Criticisms of the Usual Rationale for Validity in Mathematics -- Contributors -- Index of Proper Names.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400904958
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 212
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Conditioning of Events versus Causal Conditioning -- 1. Kinds of events and kinds of conditions -- 2. Some properties of the relation of conditioning: symmetry and transitivity -- 3. Temporal relations among events. The broadest interpretation of causal conditioning -- 4. A narrower interpretation of causal conditioning: events as changes -- 5. Other narrower approaches to causal determination -- 6. Relations among events, among features and among variables -- 7. Kinds of methods of establishing causal relations -- 8. Conclusions -- II. The Simplest Case of Causal Analysis -- 1. Preliminary remarks -- 2. Statistical relationship -- 3. Dichotomous systems -- 4. Interactions among variables -- 5. Causal relationship as a relationship which is not spurious -- 6. Probabilistic definition of cause -- 7. Cause as a necessary component of a sufficient condition -- 8. Conclusions -- III. The Causal Interpretation of Relationships in Non-experimental Single Studies -- 1. The occurrence and non-occurrence of causal relationships -- 2. Intensity of causal relationships -- IV. Verification of Statements on Causal Relationships in Diachronic Research -- 1. Kinds of processes and methods of studying changes -- 2. The panel method and the verification of statements on causal relationships -- V. Verification of Statements on Causal Relationships in Experimental Research -- 1. Classical experiment -- 2. Experiment with four groups and with the possibility of controlling the effect of the first study -- 3. Incomplete schemata of experiments -- 4. Enriched schemata of experiments -- 5. Conclusions -- VI. Causal Analyses and Theoretical Analyses -- 1. Causal analyses as theories -- 2. Causal “models” -- 3. The concept of cause -- 4. The problem of determinism -- VII. Human Beings and Collectivities. The Problem of the “Level of Analysis” in Sociology -- 1. Three meanings of membership in a collectivity -- 2. Social wholes -- 3. Classification of variables -- 4. Contextual properties -- 5. Ecological correlation -- 6. Reductionism -- Concluding Remarks: Problems Raised and Results Obtained -- Notes -- Bibliographical Postscript -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The general treatment of problems connected with the causal conditioning of phenomena has traditionally been the domain of philosophy, but when one examines the relationships taking place in the various fields, the study of such conditionings belongs to the empirical sciences. Sociology is no exception in that respect. In that discipline we note a certain paradox. Many problems connected with the causal conditioning of phenomena have been raised in sociology in relatively recent times, and that process marked its empirical or even so-called empiricist trend. That trend, labelled positivist, seems in this case to be in contradiction with a certain type of positivism. Those authors who describe positivism usually include the Humean tradition in its genealogy and, remembering Hume's criticism of the concept of cause, speak about positivism as about a trend which is inclined to treat lightly the study of causes and confines itself to the statements on co-occurrence of phenomena.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789400906198
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 122
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 122
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    Keywords: Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Statistics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Method, Theory, and Statistics: The Lesson of Physics -- The Theory of Natural Selection as a Null Theory -- Causality and Exogeneity in econometric models -- Statistics in Expert Resolution: A Theory of Weights for Combining Expert Opinion -- Short and Long Term Survival Analysis in Oncological Research -- A Statistical Approach to the Study of Pollen Fitness -- Statistics in Genetics: Human Migrations Detected by Multivariate Techniques -- Quantum Probability and the Foundations of Quantum Theory -- Indistinguishability, Interchangeability and Indeterminism -- The Non Frequency Approach to Elementary Particle Statistics -- Name Index.
    Abstract: An inference may be defined as a passage of thought according to some method. In the theory of knowledge it is customary to distinguish deductive and non-deductive inferences. Deductive inferences are truth preserving, that is, the truth of the premises is preserved in the con­ clusion. As a result, the conclusion of a deductive inference is already 'contained' in the premises, although we may not know this fact until the inference is performed. Standard examples of deductive inferences are taken from logic and mathematics. Non-deductive inferences need not preserve truth, that is, 'thought may pass' from true premises to false conclusions. Such inferences can be expansive, or, ampliative in the sense that the performances of such inferences actually increases our putative knowledge. Standard non-deductive inferences do not really exist, but one may think of elementary inductive inferences in which conclusions regarding the future are drawn from knowledge of the past. Since the body of scientific knowledge is increasing, it is obvious that the method of science must allow non-deductive as well as deductive inferences. Indeed, the explosive growth of science in recent times points to a prominent role for the former. Philosophers of science have long tried to isolate and study the non-deductive inferences in science. The inevitability of such inferences one the one hand, juxtaposed with the poverty of all efforts to identify them, constitutes one of the major cognitive embarrassments of our time.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789400920576
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 8
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Natural Philosophy, Experiment and Discourse in the 18th Century -- The Force and Reason of Experiment -- The Dynamometer and the Diemenese -- Humphry Davy and the ‘Lever of Experiment’ -- The Nine Lives of Gregor Mendel -- Manipulable Systems and Laboratory Strategies in a Biomedical Research Institute -- Experiment and the Molecularity of Meaning -- Openness and Closure: On the Goals of Scientific Practice -- Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Experiments? -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively early -- though not always under that name -- in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne imme­ diately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. 'Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science' aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact -- they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789400907072
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 311 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Agency in Observation and Experiment -- 1: The Procedural Turn -- 2: Action and Interpretation -- 3: Making Perception Possible -- 4: Making Curves -- 5: Making Circular Motion -- 6: Representing Experimentation -- 2: Making Natural Phenomena -- 7: A Realistic Role for Experiment -- 8: The Experimenter’s Redress -- 9: Empiricism in Practice -- 10: Experiment and Meaning -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: . . . the topic of 'meaning' is the one topic discussed in philosophy in which there is literally nothing but 'theory' - literally nothing that can be labelled or even ridiculed as the 'common sense view'. Putnam, 'The Meaning of Meaning' This book explores some truths behind the truism that experimentation is a hallmark of scientific activity. Scientists' descriptions of nature result from two sorts of encounter: they interact with each other and with nature. Philosophy of science has, by and large, failed to give an account of either sort of interaction. Philosophers typically imagine that scientists observe, theorize and experiment in order to produce general knowledge of natural laws, knowledge which can be applied to generate new theories and technologies. This view bifurcates the scientist's world into an empirical world of pre-articulate experience and know­ how and another world of talk, thought and argument. Most received philosophies of science focus so exclusively on the literary world of representations that they cannot begin to address the philosophical problems arising from the interaction of these worlds: empirical access as a source of knowledge, meaning and reference, and of course, realism. This has placed the epistemological burden entirely on the predictive role of experiment because, it is argued, testing predictions is all that could show that scientists' theorizing is constrained by nature. Here a purely literary approach contributes to its own demise. The epistemological significance of experiment turns out to be a theoretical matter: cruciality depends on argument, not experiment.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921238
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 125
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 125
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Problems of Time in Psychology -- 1. Stream of Consciousness and durée réelle -- 2. The Elusive Nature of the Past -- 3. The Fiction of Instants -- 4. Two Types of Continuity -- 5. Process and Personality in Bergson’s Thought -- 6. Russell’s Hidden Bergsonism -- II. Matter, Causation, and Time -- 7. The Development of Reichenbach’s Epistemology -- 8. The Significance of Piaget’s Researches on the Psychogenesis of Atomism -- 9. Toward a Widening of the Notion of Causality -- 10. Simple Location and Fragmentation of Reality -- 11. Particles or Events? -- III. The Status of Time in the Relativistic Physics -- 12. The End of the Laplacian Illusion -- 13. Eternal Recurrence — Once More -- 14. Note About Whitehead’s Definition of Co-Presence -- 15. Bergson and Louis De Broglie -- 16. What is Living and What is Dead in the Bergsonian Critique of Relativity -- 17. Time-Space Rather than Space-Time -- IV. Bibliography of Mili??apek.
    Abstract: At last his students and colleagues, his friends and his friendly critics, his fellow-scientist and fellow-philosophers, have the works of Milic Capek before them in one volume, aside from his books of course. Now the development of his interests and his thoughts, always led centrally by his concern to understand 'the philosophical impact of contemporary physics', becomes clear. In the nearly 90 essays and papers, and in his book on the philosophical impact as well as his classical restatement of process philosophy in his Bergson and Modern Physics, Professor Capek establishes one of the fundamental alternatives to the comprehension of human experience, and thereby of the world. Capek is certainly to be seen with respect and admiration, for he has dealt with the deepest and toughest of scientific as well as metaphysical problems: his major efforts in the philosophy of mind focussed upon the time of experience, and in the philosophy of physics focussed upon continuity, causality and again the temporal, now in the world-picture.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Medicine—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Medicine, History, and Culture -- Knowledge and Practice in European Medicine: The Case of Infectious Diseases -- Frames of Reference and the Growth of Medical Knowledge: L.Fleck and M.Foucault -- Medical Knowledge and Medical Action: Competing visions -- Section II / Philosophy of Science and the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Function and Value of Medical Knowledge in Modern Diseases -- The Growth of Medical Knowledge: An Epistemological Exploration -- The Development of Population Research on Causes of Death: Growth of Knowledge or Accumulation of Data? -- Comments on Wulff’s, Thung’s, and Lindahl’s Essays on The Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Section III / Image of Man and the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Medicine, Anthropology, and the Human Body -- Invulnerability and Medicine’s “Promise” of Immortality: Changing Images of the Human Body During the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Values and the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The growth of knowledge and its effects on the practice of medicine have been issues of philosophical and ethical interest for several decades and will remain so for many years to come. The outline of the present volume was conceived nearly three years ago. In 1987, a conference on this theme was held in Maastricht, the Netherlands, on the occasion of the founding of the European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care (ESPMH). Most of the chapters of this book are derived from papers presented at that meeting, and for the purpose of editing the book Stuart Spicker, Ph. D. , joined two founding members of ESPMH, Henk ten Have and Gerrit Kimsma. The three of them successfully brought together a number of interesting contribu­ tions to the theme, and ESPMH is grateful and proud to have initiated the production of this volume. The Society intends that annual meetings be held in different European countries on a rotating basis and to publish volumes related to these meetings whenever feasible. In 1988, the second conference was held in Aarhus, Denmark on "Values in Medical Decision Making and Resource Allocation in Health Care". In 1989, a meeting was held in Czestochowa, Poland, on "European Traditions in Philosophy of Medicine. From Brentano to Bieganski". It is hoped that these conferences and the books to be derived from them, will initiate a new European tradition, lasting well into the 21 st century! P. J.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789400921191
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 260 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 215
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy, medieval ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Nominalism and Constructivism -- 1. Some of the main problems in historical nominalism in relation with the nominalism of Camap’s “Logical Structure of the World” -- 2. Anti-metaphysics and metaphysics, or from ontological neutrality to ontological commitment -- 3. A minimalistic ontological program -- 4. General outline of the new ontology -- 3 Ontology and Epistemology from Empiricism to Conventionalism -- 1. Ontological commitment and empiristic considerations -- 2. “Wovon man nicht sprechen kann, darüber muss man schweigen” -- 3. Science is of the general -- 4. Things are sums of qualities -- 5. Evolution towards conventionalism -- 4 Logical Semantics and Ontology -- 1. General outline of some basic problems of logical semantics -- 2. The theory of signification and supposition of Ockham -- 3. Nelson Goodman’s extensionalistic solution -- 5 Linguistic Semantics -- 1. Behaviourism in semantics -- 2. Ockham on the relation between thought and language -- 3. Evolution, cognitivism and the notion of conceptual scheme -- 6 The Individual Ontology and Ideology -- 1. The roots of the problem -- 2. Ontology. The constructivistic individual -- 3. Ideology -- 7 Particular and General -- 1. Building a world out of general abstract elements -- 2. Building a world out of particular concrete elements -- 3. Strawson on the particularities of general terms -- 4. Is perception basically perception of what is particular? -- 5. How do children in fact learn language? -- 8 Thought and Language Intentions and Intensions -- 1. Nominalists and empiricists on universals, concepts, intensions -- 2. Knowledge of brain mechanisms in the past -- 3. Behaviourism versus mentalism -- 4. G.D. Wassermann: a neuropsychological model of thought and language -- 9 Nominalism, Empiricism and Conventionalism -- 1. Ockham’s scepticism -- 2. Induction and contemporary nominalism -- 3. Conventionalism versus scientific realism -- Notes -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 5 -- 6 -- 7 -- 8 -- 9.
    Abstract: Though the subject of this work, "nominalism and contemporary nom­ inalism", is philosophical, it cannot be fully treated without relating it to data gathered from a great variety of domains, such as biology and more especially ethology, psychology, linguistics and neurobiology. The source of inspiration has been an academic work I wrote in order to obtain a postdoctoral degree, which is called in Belgium an "Aggregaat voor het Hoger Onderwijs" comparable to a "Habilitation" in Germany. I want to thank the National Fund of Scientific Research, which accorded me several grants and thereby enabled me to write the academic work in the first place and thereafter this book. I also want to thank Prof. SJ. Doorman (Technical University of Delft) and Prof. G. Nuchelmans (University of Leiden), who were members of the jury of the "Aggre­ gaatsthesis", presented to the Free University of Brussels in 1981 and who by their criticisms and suggestions encouraged me to write the present book, the core of which is constituted by the general ideas then formulated. I am further obliged to Mr. X, the referee who was asked by Jaakko Hintikka to read my work and who made a series of constructive remarks and recom­ mendations. My colleague Marc De Mey (University of Ghent) helped me greatly with the more formal aspects of my work and spent too much of his valuable time and energy to enable me to deliver a presentable copy. All remaining shortcomings are entirely my responsibility. I asked Prof.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789400918788
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 120
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 120
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Galileo Studies -- The Dating and Significance of Galileo’s Pisan Manuscripts -- Galileo Galilei: An Astronomer at Work -- Galileo’s Theorem of Equivalence: The Missing Keystone of his Theory of Motion -- Was Galileo a Metaphysicist? -- Drake against the Philosophers -- II From The Renaissance to the Scientific Revolution -- Alhazen’s Debt to Ptolemy’s Optics -- Regiomontanus on the Critical Problems of Astronomy -- III Science Since Galileo -- G. D. Cassini and the Number of the Planets: An Example of Seventeenth-Century Astro-Numerological Patronage -- Lavoisier: Language, Instruments and the Chemical Revolution -- The Inductive Sciences in Nineteenth-Century England -- Darwin Studies at Work: A Re-examination of Three Decisive Years (1835–37) -- The Background to Heinrich Hertz’s Experiments in Electrodynamics -- Science and History of Science -- IV Concerning Books -- The Stillman Drake Galileo Collection -- A Bibliography of the Writings of Stillman Drake, compiled by James MacLachlan -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: This collection of essays is a tribute to Stillman Drake by some of his friends and colleagues, and by others on whom his work has had a formative influence. It is difficult to know him without succumbing to his combination of discipline and enthusiasm, even in fields remote from Renaissance physics and natural philosophy; and so he should not be surprised in this volume to see emphases and methods congenial to him, even on topics as remote as Darwin or the chemical revolution. Therein lies whatever unity the discerning reader may find in this book, beyond the natural focus and coherence of the largest section, on Galileo, and the final section on Drake's collection of books, a major and now accessible resource for research in the field that he has made his own. We have chosen, as the occasion for presenting the volume to Stillman Drake, Galileo's birthday; Galileo has had more than one birthday party in Toronto since Drake came to the University of Toronto. As for the title, it reflects a shared conviction that experiment is the key to science; it is what scientists do. Drake has already asserted that emphasis in the title of his magisterial Galileo at Work, and we echo it here. Those who have had the privilege and pleasure of working and arguing with Stillman over the years know his tenacity, penetration, and vigour. They also know his generosity and humility. We owe him much.
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