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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (231)
  • 1990-1994  (231)
  • 1930-1934
  • Philosophy (General)  (231)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On Criminalization : An Essay in the Philosophy of the Criminal Law (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 314 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Criminology ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: When thinking about justified criminalization - whether some action may morally be made a criminal offense - philosophers tend to rely upon `balancing'. Arguments favoring and opposing criminalization are `weighed' on a simple beam balance; the `weightier' reasons prevail. Jonathan Schonsheck argues that this methodology is deeply flawed; among other infirmities, it fosters the neglect of items essential to a defensible decision. He urges the adoption of `filtering' - a multi-step procedure which directs one to discuss the moral authority of the state, to consider measures less coercive than a criminal statute, and to investigate the pragmatic consequences of criminalization. This procedure, he argues, imposes a structure on disputes which facilitates philosophical progress. `Filtering' is then applied to an array of public policy issues, including laws which require the use of automobile seat belts and motorcycle helmets, and laws which prohibit the use of certain psychoactive substances (`drugs'). Additionally, the book addresses a number of more theoretical issues in the philosophy of the criminal law. Throughout, it engages the work of leading philosophers: Derek Parfit, Cass R. Sunstein, Richard J. Arneson, and especially Joel Feinberg
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8100-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Living Doubt : Essays concerning the epistemology of Charles Sanders Peirce (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 324 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 243
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Pragmatism ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Charles Sanders Peirce (1839--1914) has often been referred to as one of the most important North American philosophers, but the real extent of his philosophical importance is only now beginning to emerge. Peirce's `pragmaticism' (his own term) may provide the key to an epistemological theory which avoids both the Scylla of foundationalism and the Charybdis of relativism. Peirce's `Logic', linked to a conception of knowledge and of science, is increasingly coming to be recognised as the only possible one. In Living Doubt, 26 papers are presented by some of the world's leading philosophers, demonstrating the rich and cosmopolitan variety of approach to Peirce's epistemology. The contributions are grouped under three general headings: Knowledge, truth and the pragmatic principle; Peirce and the epistemological tradition; and Knowledge, language and semeiotic
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8252-0
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  • 3
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    The Natural Sciences and the Social Sciences : Some Critical and Historical Perspectives (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401733915
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 412 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 150
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 150
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Social sciences Methodology ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Natural Sciences and the Social Sciences contains a series of explorations of the different ways in which the social sciences have interacted with the natural sciences. Usually, such interactions are considered to go only `one way': from the natural to the social sciences. But there are several important essays in this volume which show how developments in the social sciences have affected the natural sciences - even the `hard' science of physics. Other essays deal with various types of interaction since the Scientific Revolution. In his general introductory chapter, Cohen sets some general themes concerning analogies and homologies and the use of metaphors, drawing specific examples from the use of concepts of physics by marginalist economists and of developments in the life sciences by organismic sociologists. The remaining chapters, which explore the different ways in which the social sciences and the natural sciences have actually interacted, are written by leaders in the field of history of science, drawn from a wide range of countries and disciplines. The book will be of great interest to all historians of science, philosophers interested in questions of methodology, economists and sociologists, and all social scientists concerned with the history of their subject and its foundations
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3391-5
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  • 4
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    Logic and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala : Papers from the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 614 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 236
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This collection of 38 papers gives a cross-section of ongoing research in philosophy of science and philosophical logic. The papers, written by active researchers in the field and published here for the first time, are drawn from around 650 papers that were contributed to the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala, Sweden, 1991. Some of the speakers whose contributions attracted special interest were invited to contribute their papers to this volume. A few papers appear here more or less as they were presented at the Congress, whereas others are expansions or elaborations of the talks given. There is one section with five papers on philosophical logic. The other papers deal with many different aspects of philosophy of science, including general methodological questions, problems of probability, induction and decision theory, and ethics of science and technology, as well as foundational problems about particular sciences. Five special sections are concerned with logic, mathematics and computer science, the physical sciences, the biological sciences, cognitive science, and linguistics, respectively. Finally, there is one section on the history of logic, methodology and philosophy of science. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science and logicians, as well as to all researchers interested in the foundations of their disciplines
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8311-4
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  • 5
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    Knowing from Words : Western and Indian Philosophical Analysis of Understanding and Testimony (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401720182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 390 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 230
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Never before, in any anthology, have contemporary epistemologists and philosophers of language come together to address the single most neglected important issue at the confluence of these two branches of philosophy, namely: Can we know facts from reliable reports? Besides Hume's subversive discussion of miracles and the literature thereon, testimony has been bypassed by most Western philosophers; whereas in classical Indian (Pramana) theories of evidence and knowledge philosophical debates have raged for centuries about the status of word-generated knowledge. `Is the response "I was told by an expert on the subject" as respectable as "I saw" or "I inferred" in answer to "How do you know?"' is a question answered in diverse and subtle ways by Buddhists, Vaisesikas and Naiyayikas. For the first time this book makes available the riches of those debates, translating from Sanskrit some contemporary Indian Pandits' reactions to Western analytic accounts of meaning and knowledge. For advanced undergraduates in philosophy, for researchers - in Australia, Asia, Europe or America - on epistemology, theory of meaning, Indian or comparative philosophy, as well as for specialists interested in this relatively fresh topic of knowledge transmission and epistemic dependence this book will be a feast. After its publication analytic philosophy and Indian philosophy will have no excuse for shunning each other
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2018-2
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  • 6
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    Phenomenology of the Cultural Disciplines (1994)
    Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9780585285566
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 344 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 16
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Engineering ; Environmental sciences ; Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Phenomenology . ; Engineering. ; Environment. ; Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Phenomenology of the Cultural Disciplines is an interdisciplinary study, reflecting the recent emergence of various particular forms of `phenomenological philosophy of ..'. Included are such fields as psychology, social sciences and history, as well as environmental philosophy, ethnic studies, religion and even more practical disciplines, such as medicine, psychiatry, politics, and technology. The Introduction provides a way of understanding how these various developments are integrated. On the basis of a Husserlian notion of culture, it proposes a generic concept of `cultural disciplines' (which is broader than but inclusive of `human sciences') which subsumes the more specific concepts of `cultural sciences', `axiotic disciplines' (e.g. architecture), and `practical disciplines'
    DOI: 10.1007/978-0-585-28556-6
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  • 7
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    Theological Analyses of the Clinical Encounter (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583862
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 243 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theology and Medicine 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Religion (General) ; Ethics ; Bioethics. ; Religion. ; Medicine—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Efforts to evaluate the clinical encounter in terms of autonomous agents governed by rationally justified moral principles continue to be criticised. These essays, written by physicians, ethicists, theologians and philosophers, examine various models of the clinical encounter emerging out of these criticisms and explore the prospects they offer for theological and religious discourse. Individual essays focus on the reformulation of covenant models; revisions of principles approaches; and topics such as power, authority, narrative, rhetoric, dialogue, and alterity. The essays display a range of conclusions about whether theology articulates generally accessible religious insights or is a tradition-specific discipline. Hence the volume reflects current debates in theology while analysing current models of the clinical encounter. Students, professionals, and scholars who find themselves at the intersection of theology and medicine will welcome these voices in an ongoing conversation
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8386-2
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  • 8
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    Trends in the Historiography of Science (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401735964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 460 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 151
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 151
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; History.
    Abstract: The discussions of theoretical issues involved in the history of science have not received sufficient attention. This volume is a contribution to this ongoing discussion and deals with many such issues in the historiography of science, concentrating mainly on what is known as the internalist approach. The topics include ancient Greek mathematics during the Enlightenment, the physical sciences in the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as discussions of the relationship between history and philosophy of science. Both beginners in the fields of history and/or philosophy of science as well as scholars who have been already working in these fields will read the articles with pleasure and profit
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3596-4
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  • 9
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    The New (So-Called) Magdeburg Experiments of Otto Von Guericke (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401120104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiv, 394 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 137
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy, Modern. ; History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations.
    Abstract: Otto von Guericke has been called a neglected genius, overlooked by most modern scholars, scientists, and laymen. He wrote his Experimenta Nova in the seventeenth century in Latin, a dead language for the most part inaccessible to contemporary scientists. Thus isolated by the remoteness of his time and his means of communication, von Guericke has for many years been denied the recognition he deserves in the English speaking world. Indeed, the century in which he lived witnessed the invention of six important and valuable scientific instruments -- the microscope, the telescope, the pendulum clock, the barometer, the thermometer, and the air pump. Von Guericke was associated with the development of the last three of these; he also experimented with a rudimentary electric machine. Thus his Experimenta Nova was an important work, heralding the emerging empiricism of seventeenth century science, and merits this first English translation of von Guericke's magnus opus
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2010-4
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  • 10
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    From the Sacred to the Divine : A New Phenomenological Approach (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401108461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 358 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The contemporary revival of interest in the Sacred as a category of philosophico-religious reflection here finds a radical reversal of the traditional direction, taking the Sacred as the starting point of the itinerary toward the Divine. The wide variety of essays contained in this volume attempt to ground philosophy of the Sacred and the Divine in phenomenological evidence. Though employing different methodologies, the contributors register by and large the contribution of A-T. Tymieniecka's phenomenology of life in providing a significant 20th century vision for the accomplishment of this task. Its pursuit finds here expression in philosophical, historical, literary and political explorations leading to construing phenomenology of the Sacred as a prerequisite to the investigation of the Divine. The contributors to this extraordinary collection are: C. Bédard, A. Ales Bello, Gerard Bucher, D. Chidester, D. Conchi, M. Kronegger, S. Laycock, Ph. Liverziani, J.N. Mohanty, E. Moutsopoulos, A.M. Olson, Y. Park, G. Penzo, B. Ross, C. Osowiec Ruoff, Th. Ryba, J. Smith, A-T. Tymieniecka and E. Wyschogrod
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0846-1
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  • 11
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    Cardinalism : A Fundamental Approach (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401108881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 307 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 19
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Endogenous growth (Economics) ; Economics ; History ; Econometrics. ; Economic development. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: This book is concerned with the problems of whether a utility concept that is cardinal -- insofar as ratios between utility differences are significant -- exists or not, whether it is useful -- e.g. in creating testable models of behaviour -- or whether a merely ordinal preference function will do for all purposes. Some selected highlights from the debate between cardinalists and ordinalists are analyzed, but essentially this is a presentation of fresh elements in the case for cardinalism. Special themes analyzed include the distinction between utility and risk attitude, motivating decisions in case of uncertainty, multiperiod allocations and complementarity. Empirical evidence is presented and it seems that attempts at measuring utility give amazing results. The book will interest researchers, teachers and advanced students in economics, economic psychology, welfare theory and themes concerned with human behaviour
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0888-1
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  • 12
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    The Question of Hermeneutics : Essays in Honor of Joseph J. Kockelmans (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401111607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (508p. 1 illus) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 17
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The essays included in this volume are illustrative of the depth and breadth of possibilities provided by hermeneutic philosophy and by a hermeneutically oriented phenomenology. Among the topics considered, the questions explored, are: How is hermeneutics situated within the general, twentieth century philosophical climate? What is its genuine essence, its logos? How does hermeneutics relate to traditional philosophy? To Kant? To Hegel? To Husserl? What possibilities does hermeneutics offer for a philosophy of the future? What does it have to say about science, about art, about values, about rationality and its limits, about what it means to be who we are? Such are the questions of this volume, The Question of Hermeneutics. Contributors include such well known philosophers as Otto Pöggeler, Karl-Otto Apel, Calvin Schrag, Walter Biemel, James Edie, Thomas Seebohm, Adriaan Peperzak, and others
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1160-7
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  • 13
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    Multinational Corporations and the Impact of Public Advocacy on Corporate Strategy : Nestle and the Infant Formula Controversy (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401113946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 315 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Ethics ; Economic policy ; Social sciences ; Management science. ; Business.
    Abstract: Multinational Corporations and the Impact of Public Advocacy on Corporate Strategy: Nestlé and the Infant Formula Controversy presents an in-depth analysis of the infant formula controversy and the resulting international boycott of Nestlé products launched by various social activist groups and church organizations. The actions of those groups culminated in the passage of the first international marketing code under the auspices of the World Health Organization. Based on exhaustive and unique research, the book details the Nestlé case and uses it to analyze a number of other major issues bearing on contemporary business strategy and operations in the national and international arena. Issues addressed include: The rising phenomenon of social activism and its affect on public opinion and public policy; The changing role of churches and other religious groups and their impact on corporate strategy and behavior; The emergence of UN affiliated international bodies, as both arbiters and regulators of market conduct of multinational corporations; The changing dynamics between multinational corporations and host countries; The factors which determine a company's behavior and its ability to adapt to changing societal expectations. £/LIST£ Multinational Corporations and the Impact of Public Advocacy on Corporate Strategy: Nestlé and the Infant Formula Controversy presents a microcosm of business society conflicts being played out in all parts of the world. This scholarly book will be of great interest to academics in the areas of management, business ethics, social conflict, and international regulation. It will also appeal to a broad corporate and government audience and to anyone interested in contemporary world affairs and the increasing globalization of socio-economic conflicts
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1394-6
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  • 14
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    The Completeness of Scientific Theories : On the Derivation of Empirical Indicators within a Theoretical Framework: The Case of Physical Geometry (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401109109
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 53
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The Completeness of Scientific Theories deals with the role of theories in measurement. Theories are employed in measurements in order to account for the operation of the instruments and to correct the raw data obtained. These observation theories thus guarantee the reliability of measurement procedures. In special cases a theory can be used as its own observation theory. In such cases it is possible, relying on the theory itself, to analyze the measuring procedures associated with theoretical states specified within its framework. This feature is called completeness. The book addresses the assets and liabilities of theories exhibiting this feature. Chief among the prima-facie liabilities is a testability problem. If a theory that is supposed to explain certain measurement results at the same time provides the theoretical means necessary for obtaining these results, the threat of circularity arises. Closer investigation reveals that various circularity problems do indeed emerge in complete theories, but that these problems can generally be solved. Some methods for testing and confirming theories are developed and discussed. The particulars of complete theories are addressed using a variety of theories from the physical sciences and psychology as examples. The example developed in greatest detail is general relativity theory, which exhibits an outstanding degree of completeness. In this context a new approach to the issue of the conventionality of physical geometry is pursued. The book contains the first systematic analysis of completeness; it thus opens up new paths of research. For philosophers of science working on problems of confirmation, theory-ladenness of evidence, empirical testability, and space--time philosophy (or students in these areas)
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0910-9
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  • 15
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    Kant’s Theory of Natural Science (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401111263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 367 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 159
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 159
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of nature ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Plaass's treatise stood at the beginning of a renewed wave of scholarship regarding Kant's Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (MF). Plaass argues that the MF represents an integral step in Kant's development between the two editions of the Critique of Pure Reason. The MF repeats the `Copernican turn', using the conditions of subjectivity to derive the metaphysical determinations of `matter' as the object of natural science with the new method called `metaphysical construction', which simultaneously grounds the mathematizability of physics. The translators provide background and analysis of Plaass's work, extend it to include the body of the MF and offer a variation on the analysis of the relationship between mathematics and metaphysics in the MF. They discuss its relevance for contemporary paradigm-dependency approaches to the philosophy of science and for philosophical hermeneutics. The book will be of interest to Kant specialists as well as to students of the philosophy of science in general
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1126-3
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  • 16
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    The Radical Choice and Moral Theory : Through Communicative Argumentation to Phenomenological Subjectivity (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401105019
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (201p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Anthropology ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self.
    Abstract: In a crisp, original style the author approaches the crucial question of moral theory, the `is--ought' problem via communicative argumentation. Moving to the end of Habermas's conception of the communicative action, he introduces the concept of `radical choice' as the key to the transition from the descriptive to the normative. Phenomenological subjectivity of the intersubjective life-world is being vindicated as the `arch-value' of all derivative values, or the first principle for all normative precepts. With exceptional acumen and mastery of the philosophical argument, the author -- a young native Chinese lately trained in a Western university -- delineates a fascinating route along which the philosophical question of justification raised in the analytic tradition can be answered on the basis of phenomenology. A noteworthy contribution to the interplay between the Anglo--American and Continental schools of philosophy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0501-9
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  • 17
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    Perelman’s New Rhetoric as Philosophy and Methodology for the Next Century (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 145 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Logic ; Law—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book presents the New Theory of Argumentation, popularly known as the New Rhetoric, as an innovative theoretical and methodological system which will become increasingly important. Two factors determine the importance of this philosophy: (1) The collapse of all modern ideologies, many sociopolitical systems and their associated philosophies, whether of the right or the left, means that the era of the quick, dogmatic perception of how to force people to feel free and happy is over. (2) New forms and institutions of social and economic life must be found among the wreckage. The solutions sought must work best for the greatest number of people and must be flexible enough to allow the reinterpretation of all our determinations, from the very beginning. The New Rhetoric rejects all absolutist and dogmatic ideas. But neither does it support absolute relativism. It constitutes a method for the endless search for truthful explanations and for enlightened practical activity. Truth is only the process of approaching it. While critical of formal logic, the New Rhetoric develops the concepts of `other', `experimental', `flexible', and `logic of good sense'. The introduction and elaboration of the concept of `reasonableness' is presented as a milestone in the evolution of scientific methodology. The New Rhetoric has overcome the traditional contradictions between logic, rationalism and dialectic and has laid new foundations for a modern theory of morality, law, legal interpretation, and human rights. This book discusses such problems as: new moral notions, the new dilemma of Cain, the spurious notions of 'centrism', Antigone's new arguments, 'argumentation is not bargaining', new foundations of tolerance and justice. It ends with a section on 'Resolutions for the New Century', written in the spirit of traditional enlightenment, rule of reason and humanism, but which goes beyond them
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8287-2
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  • 18
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    Niels Bohr and Contemporary Philosophy (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 388 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 153
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 153
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Quantum physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Since the Niels Bohr centenary of 1985 there has been an astonishing international surge of scholarly analyses of Bohr's philosophy. Now for the first time in Niels Bohr and Contemporary Philosophy Jan Faye and Henry Folse have brought together sixteen of today's leading authors who have helped mould this new round of discussions on Bohr's philosophy. In fifteen entirely new, previously unpublished essays we discover a surprising variety of the different facets of Bohr as the natural philosopher whose `framework of complementarity' shaped the final phase of the quantum revolution and influenced two generations of the century's leading physicists. There is much on which the authors included here agree; but there are also polar disagreements, which assure us that the philosophical questions revolving around Bohr's `new viewpoint' will continue to be a subject of scholarly interest and discussion for years to come. This collection will interest all serious students of history and philosophy of science, and foundations of physics
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8106-6
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  • 19
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    Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher : Volume 1. Probability and Probabilistic Causality (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401107747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 420 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 234
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Statistics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Patrick Suppes is a philosopher and scientist whose contributions range over probability and statistics, mathematical and experimental psychology, the foundations of physics, education theory, the philosophy of language, measurement theory, and the philosophy of science. He has also been a pioneer in the area of computer assisted instruction. In each of these areas, Suppes has provided seminal ideas that in some cases led to shaping the direction of research in the field. The papers contained in this collection were commissioned with the mandate of advancing research in their respective fields rather than retrospectively surveying the contributions that Suppes himself has made. The authors form an interesting mixture of researchers in both formal philosophy of science and science itself all of whom have been inspired by his ideas. To maintain the spirit of constructive dialogue that characterizes Suppes's intellectual style, he has written individual responses to each article. In Volume 1: Probability and Probabilistic Causality, nineteen distinguished philosophers and scientists focus their attention on probabilistic issues. In Part I the contributors explore axiomatic representations of probability theory including qualitative and interval valued probabilities as well as traditional point valued probabilities. Belief structures and the dynamics of belief are also treated in detail. In Part II the rapidly growing field of probabilistic causation is assessed from both formal and empirical viewpoints. For probability theorists, statisticians, economists, philosophers of science, psychologists and those interested in the foundations of mathematical social science. In Volume 2: Philosophy of Physics, Theory Structure, and Measurement Theory, fifteen distinguished philosophers and scientists cover a wide variety of topics. Part III covers issues in quantum theory, geometry, classical mechanics, and computational physics. Part IV explores Suppes's well known set-theoretic account of scientific theories which has served him well throughout his career. Suppes's contributions to measurement theory have been widely used in mathematical psychology and elsewhere, and this material is the subject of Part V. For physicists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sicence, and philosophers of science. In Volume 3: Philosophy of Language and Logic, Learning and Action Theory, fourteen distinguished philosophers and scientists explore issues in the philosophy of languag ...
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0774-7
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  • 20
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    Hegel Reconsidered : Beyond Metaphysics and the Authoritarian State (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583787
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 259 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Much of contemporary philosophy, political theory, and social thought has been shaped directly or indirectly by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, though there is considerable disagreement about how his work should be understood. He has been described both as a metaphysician and characterized as an ironic narrator who anticipated the character of philosophy after metaphysics. His position is equally ambiguous with regard to his political thought. He has been construed both as an enemy of the liberal state and as a friend of freedom. This volume's revisionist reassessment, building on the scholarship of Klaus Hartmann, explores these ambiguities in favor of a non-metaphysical reading of Hegel's arguments. It also shows how the foundations of his political thought support a liberal democratic state. This reappraisal of Hegel's arguments resituates him as a philosopher who anticipates the difficulties of post-modernity and offers a basis for reassessing ontology, aesthetics, and revolution. Philosophers and those doing work in political theory will find this volume of great interest
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8378-7
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  • 21
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    Scientific and Religious Belief (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401108041
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 189 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 59
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Scientific and religious belief
    RVK:
    CC 3200
    RVK:
    CC 8500
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Religion ; Wissenschaft ; Glaube ; Religionsphilosophie ; Wissen ; Naturwissenschaften
    Abstract: This book provides new insights into the interrelation between scientific and religious belief. The chapters cover important features of belief in general and discuss distinctive properties between belief, knowledge and acceptance. These properties are considered in relation and comparison to religious belief. Among the contributions are topics such as: the change of scientific belief in relation to the change of our information. Is belief value-free? What are rational reasons (for the justification) of religious hypotheses? What are the important similarities and differences between scientific and religious belief? The different features and aspects are discussed in respect to the great religions of mankind. In addition to the research papers the book contains selections of the discussion which help to clarify interesting details. The book will be of interest to a vast readership among philosophers, theologians and people interested in philosophical questions concerning religion
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0804-1
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  • 22
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    Philosophy in Mind : The Place of Philosophy in the Study of Mind (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401110082
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 328 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 60
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Increasingly, the mind is being treated as a fit subject for scientific inquiry. As cognitive science and empirical psychology strive to uncover the mind's secrets, it is fitting to inquire as to what distinctive role is left for philosophy in the study of mind. This collection, which includes contributions by some of the leading scholars in the field, offers a rich variety of perspectives on this issue. Topics addressed include: the place of a priori inquiry in philosophy of mind, moral psychology, consciousness, social dimensions of intentionality, the relation of logic to philosophical psychology, objectivity and the mind, and privileged access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1008-2
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  • 23
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    The Concept of Moral Consensus : The Case of Technological Interventions in Human Reproduction (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401108607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 253 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: The demand for consensus arises due to its absence. For each opinion held there will be another to counter it, and for each approach to problem solving an alternative will be suggested. Focusing on the bioethical problems surrounding new technical interventions in human reproduction, 15 authors try to examine the meaning, importance and feasibility of consensus. The very different perspectives from the philosophers, physicians, lawyers, theologians, politicians and sociologists contributing to this topic reflect on the difficulties and complexity of moral decision making, offer views on the problem of why decision making does not take place more harmoniously and asks if there can be any hope of a solution in a world where the discipline of contemporary ethics is characterised by a vast diversity - or chaos - of heterogenous theories and concurring approaches. This book is intended for philosophers, physicians, ethicists and everyone involved in moral decision making, to shape his or her understanding of this process and to help him or her to reflect on the concept of consensus
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0860-7
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  • 24
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    Allegory Revisited : Ideals of Mankind (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401108980
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 410 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 41
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Comparative Literature ; History ; Phenomenology . ; Language and languages—Style. ; History. ; Comparative literature. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Focusing mainly upon language, communication, textuality, etc., as is overwhelmingly today's fashion, we miss the very raison d'être of literature and language itself. Moving a step further in our investigation of the anthropologico-ontopoietic sources of the life-significance of literature by unravelling the function of imaginatio creatrix in man's self interpretation-in-existence, this collection seeks to bring forth the royal role of allegory in the fostering of culture. A conjoint work of human elemental passions and of the human spirit, allegory mediates between lofty ideals of the highest human strivings and the pedestrian realm of facts. Interpretative or theoretical studies encompass allegory -- mediaeval, modern and post-modern -- in various literatures. Among the authors are: Tymieniecka, Kronegger, Jorge Garcia Gomez, V. Osadnik, H. Hellerstein, H. Rudnick, R. Kiefer, V. Fichera, K. Haney, Ch. Raffini, J. Williamson, B. Ross and Sitansu Ray
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0898-0
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  • 25
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    Language, Mind and Epistemology : On Donald Davidson’s Philosophy (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401720410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 448 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 241
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Professor Donald Davidson is one of the most innovative and influential recent philosophers. Ranging over a variety of topics in the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and epistemology, his system of thought is unified by his inquiries into the nature of interpretation and understanding the speech and behavior of others. Together with its introduction, Language, Mind and Epistemology examines Davidson's unified stance towards philosophy by joining American and European authors within a collection of essays, published here for the first time. The authors discuss the central topics in Davidson's latest philosophy: his holistic truth-theoretic stance towards meaning and understanding, the epistemology of interpretation and translation, the externalist viewpoint in epistemology, the anti-Cartesian approach in accounting for first person authority, the thesis of anomalous monism, and the holistic conception of the mental
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2041-0
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  • 26
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    Zygmunt Zawirski: His Life and Work : With Selected Writings on Time, Logic and the Methodology of Science (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401107686
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 384 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 157
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 157
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Zygmunt Zawirski (1882--1948) -- one of the most eminent and original Polish philosophers -- belonged to the Lwow--Warsaw School (LWS) which left an indelible trace in logic, semiotics and philosophy of science. LSW was founded in 1895 by K. Twardowski, a disciple of Brentano, in the spirit of clarity, realism and analytic philosophy. LWS was more than 25 years older than the Vienna Circle (VC). This belies, inter alia, the not infrequently repeated statement that LWS was one of the many centers initiated by VC. The achievements of LWS in logic are well recognized, while those relating to philosophy of science are almost unknown. It is in order to fill this gap that some fragments of Zawirski's papers are presented, dealing mainly with causality, determinism, indeterminism and philosophical implications of relativity and quantum mechanics. His magnum opus `L'Evolution de la notion du temps' (Eugenio Rignano Prize, 1933) is devoted to time. It is one of the best books written on this subject, and by no means an obsolescent one. Zawirski took into account all the issues which are at present widely discussed. The real value of these achievements can be understood better today than by his contemporaries. For all those interested in philosophy of science and philosophy, and history of ideas
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0768-6
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  • 27
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    Essay on Liberalism : Looking Left and Right (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401110969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 150 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: This book argues that we would be very foolish to abandon the sense of justice that lies at the core of the social democratic approach to political life. The book challenges the view that the liberal tradition is best characterised by its embrace of key values, such as freedom, autonomy, self-realistation, and with the importance accorded to the virtue of tolerance. A competing social democratic/Rawlsian understanding of liberalism is presented and compared with major rival ideological orientations on both the left and the right of the political spectrum. By reviewing a variety of opinions by writers who are critical of liberalism, as well as debates within the tradition itself, the author shows that: (a) writers to the left of liberalism offer no feasible alternative that offers guidance in dealing with the problems we must face in modern societies; (b) writers to the right on the political spectrum often postulate circumstances in which justice towards individuals need no longer be regarded as an issue. As he shows, both these orientations will lead to a crisis of legitimacy in modern circumstances and this may tempt communities to abandon democracy in order to secure order. The book may be used in most courses on political philosophy and ideology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1096-9
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  • 28
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    Ethics and the Will : Essays (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401108287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 142 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The contribution made by the Vienna Circle to ethics and the philosophy of action is increasingly being recognized. Here two previously unpublished pieces by Moritz Schlick and his pupil Josef Schächter set the scene, showing how ethics is not dependent on metaphysics but does require a sensitivity to strata of language other than that of science. Schächter (author of Prolegomena to a Critical Grammar, also in the VCC, and now doyen of educational philosophers in Israel) further develops this ethical theme in a too little known study of pessimistic dicta that he published in 1938. He succeeds (without ever assenting to it) in giving sense to the idea that it were better for a man never to have been born. The bulk of the book is devoted to two works by Friedrich Waismann, probably written not long after his emigration to England, also in 1938. There are a paper on ethics and science, which defends the Wittgensteinian view that morality is something one cannot defend, but only profess, and (itself more than half the volume) a treatise on will and motive, where the influence of Wittgenstein is mediated by that of Ryle and where many points in modern theory of action are anticipated with the author's usual sensitivity both to language and to the complexity of the human situation. (Joachim Schulte recently edited these two works in the original German, otherwise they have remained unpublished). This valuable addition to the VCC should illuminate both the history of the Circle and the kind of reflection on language and action which dominates the practical philosophy of our own day
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0828-7
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  • 29
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    Mind, Meaning and Mathematics : Essays on the Philosophical Views of Husserl and Frege (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 284 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 237
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: At the turn of the century, Gottlob Frege and Edmund Husserl both participated in the discussion concerning the foundations of logic and mathematics. Since the 1960s, comparisons have been made between Frege's semantic views and Husserl's theory of intentional acts. In quite recent years, new approaches to the two philosophers' views have appeared. This collection of articles opens with the first English translation of Dagfinn Føllesdal's early classic on Husserl and Frege of 1958. The book brings together a number of new contributions by well-known authors and gives a survey of recent developments in the field. It shows that Husserl's thought is coming to occupy a central role in the philosophy of logic and mathematics, as well as in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science. The work is primarily meant for philosophers, especially for those working on the problems of language, logic, mathematics, and mind. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced courses in philosophy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8334-3
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  • 30
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    Aspects of Metaphor (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 263 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 238
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Metaphor is one of the most frequently evoked but at the same time most poorly understood concepts in philosophy and literary theory. In recent years, several interesting approaches to metaphor have been presented or outlined. In this volume, authors of some of the most important new approaches re-present their views or illustrate them by means of applications, thus allowing the reader to survey some of the prominent ongoing developments in this field. These authors include Robert Fogelin, Susan Haack, Jaakko Hintikka (with Gabriel Sandu), Bipin Indurkhya and Eva Kittay (with Eric Steinhart). Their stance is in the main constructive rather than critical; but frequent comparisons of different views further facilitate the reader's overview. In the other contributions, metaphor is related to the problems of visual representation (Noël Carroll), to the open class test (Avishai Margalit and Naomi Goldblum) as well as to Wittgenstein's idea of `a way of life' (E.M. Zemach)
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8315-2
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  • 31
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    Contingency and Freedom : Lectura I 39 (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582759
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 208 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: This study gives the first English translation of Lectura I 39, a key text of the medieval theologian and philosopher John Duns Scotus (1266--1308), together with an introduction and a commentary. In the history of thought, Scotus is the first scholar to develop a consistent analysis of the basic Christian notions of contingency and freedom. This analysis can be found in his important early work, Lectura I 39, in which the question of whether God has knowledge of future contingents is discussed. Reality is contingent, which means that reality in its factual shape could have been otherwise; God does not rule by determinism nor is He ruled by it -- nor is man, neither is their relationship. This fundamental insight made Christian thought turn away from the ancient conception that everything is (at bottom) necessary. For graduate students, philosophers and theologians
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8275-9
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    The Philosophy of Michael Dummett (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 394 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 239
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Mathematical logic. ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book contains seminal discussions of central issues in the philosophy of language, mathematics, mind, religion and time. Is common language conceptually prior to idiolectics? What is a theory of meaning? Does constructivism provide a satisfactory account of mathematics? What are indefinitely extensible concepts? Can we change the past? These are only some of the very important questions addressed here. Both the papers written by the contributors and Dummett's replies provide a great wealth of stimulating ideas for those who currently do research in the respective areas touched upon without making the reading exceedingly tedious. This feature, common to most of the papers in this book, makes it possible to use the material presented in undergraduate courses at university level
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8336-7
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    Duties to Others (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 320 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theology and Medicine 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Religion (General) ; Ethics ; Bioethics. ; Religion. ; Medicine—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Despite reservoirs of moral discourse about duties in religious communities, professional caregiving traditions, and philosophical perspectives, the dominant moral language in contemporary biomedical ethics is that of `rights'. Duties to Others begins to correct this imbalance in our ethical language through theoretical expositions of the ideas of duty and of the `other', and by applied exemplifications of particular duties to identified others that arise in the context of health care. A pronounced multidisciplinary orientation informs this analysis of our moral call to respond to the needs of others. The essays in this volume offer a stimulating intellectual freshness through a continual engagement of theological, professional, and philosophical understandings of the duties that arise in our relationships with others in medicine, nursing, and social contexts. Duties to Others provides provocative challenges about the terrain of our moral world for both students and professionals in biomedical ethics, medicine, philosophy, and theology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8244-5
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  • 34
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    Continuity and Change in the Development of Russell’s Philosophy (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401108447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The general view of Russell's work among philosophers has been that repeatedly, during his long and distinguished career, crucial changes of mind on fundamental points were significant enough to cause him to successively adopt a diversity of radically new philosophical positions. Thus, Russell is seen to have embraced and then abandoned, amongst others, neo-Hegelianism, Platonic realism, phenomenalism and logical atomism, before settling finally on a form of neutral monism that philosophers have generally found to be incredible. However, in recent years there have been signs of increasing awareness that the extent to which Russell was prone to change philosophical position may have been greatly exaggerated. This book represents the first detailed attempt to trace the fundamental unity that lies within all of Russell's philosophical work, as well as the reasons behind those limited orderly changes that did, in fact, occur within it. The main thesis of the book is that there is a lot more continuity in Russell's philosophy than has been usually acknowledged, and that the major changes that do occur are much more orderly than Russell's reputation for erratically changing his views allows. Drawing on a wide selection of Russell's own statements, a general account of Russellian analysis is developed which shows it to have a highly organised structure, which he consistently applies throughout all of his post-idealist philosophising. This book is addressed primarily to serious students of Russell's philosophy, and is suitable for use in both postgraduate and undergraduate courses on Russell's philosophy generally, on specific aspects of his work, or on analytic philosophy in the twentieth century. However, the book is written clearly enough to be read by the many general readers interested in finding out more about Russell's philosophy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0844-7
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  • 35
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    Kant and Contemporary Epistemology (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401108348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 379 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 54
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 54
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: From the mid-1960s, after the important works by J. Hintikka, S. Körner, W. Sellars and P.F. Strawson, there has been a marked revival of Kantian epistemological thought. Against this background, featuring fruitful exchange between historical research and theoretical prospects, the main point of the book is the discussion of Kantian theory of scientific knowledge from the perspective of present-day analytical philosophy and philosophy of empirical and mathematical sciences. The main topics are the problem of a priori knowledge in logic, mathematics and physics, the distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments, the constitution of physical objectivity and the questions of realism and truth, the Kantian conception of time, causal laws and induction, the relations between Kantian epistemological thought, relativity theory, quantum theory and some recent developments of philosophy of science. The book is addressed to research workers, specialists and scholars in the fields of epistemology, philosophy of science and history of philosophy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0834-8
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    Artifacts, Representations and Social Practice : Essays for Marx Wartofsky (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401109024
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 562 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 154
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Genetic epistemology ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy. ; Aesthetics. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: These essays by his friends, students, colleagues, and admirers honor Marx Wartofsky on his 65th birthday by their humane and rigorous investigations of themes from his own broad range of interests. Art and science, ethics and history, from the great Enlightenment through the 19th century to our time of failed hopes and ironic successes, and especially human self-understanding through praxis, Wartofsky's joys, sorrows, curiosity and intelligence find their reflections in these insightful and original contributions. The authors include Joseph Agassi, Andrew Buchwalter, Peter Caws, Robert S. Cohen, William Earle, Bernard Elevitch, Paul Feyerabend, Roger S. Gottlieb, Carol C. Gould, Hilde Hein, Jaakko Hintikka, Gregg Horowitz, Michael Kelly, Peter Kivy, Erazim Kohak, Douglas Lackey, Berel Lang, Isaac Levi, Joseph Margolis, Gyorgy Markus, Alasdair MacIntyre, William McBride, Thomas McCarthy, Joëlle Proust, Roshdi Rashed, Cheyney Ryan, Abner Shimony, Kristin Shrader-Frechette, Lorenzo Simpson, Gary Smith, John Stachel, and Willis Truitt
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0902-4
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    Modality and Meaning (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401109369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Part I of this book presents a theory of modal metaphysics in the possible-worlds tradition. `Worlds' themselves are understood as structured sets of properties; this `Ersatzist' view is defended against its most vigorous competitors, Meinongianism and David Lewis' theory of existent concrete worlds. Related issues of essentialism and linguistic reference are explored. Part II takes up the question of lexical meaning in the context of possible-world semantics. There are skeptical analyses of analyticity and the notion of a logical constant; and an `infinite polysemy' thesis is defended. The book will be of particular interest to metaphysicians, possible-world semanticists, philosophers of language, and linguists concerned with lexical semantics
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0936-9
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    Scientific Progress : A Study Concerning the Nature of the Relation Between Successive Scientific Theories (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401109147
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p) , 1 ill
    Edition: Third Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 153
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Metaphysics.
    Abstract: Featuring the Gestalt Model and the Perspectivist conception of science, this book is unique in its non-relativistic development of the idea that successive scientific theories are logically incommensurable. This edition includes four new appendices in which the central ideas of the book are applied to subatomic physics, the distinction between laws and theories, the relation between absolute and relative conceptions of space, and the environmental issue of sustainable development
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0914-7
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  • 39
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    Allegory Old and New : In Literature, the Fine Arts, Music and Theatre, and Its Continuity in Culture (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401119467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 330 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Bringing allegory into the light from the neglect into which it fell means focusing on the wondrous heights of the human spirit in its significance for culture. Contemporary philosophies and literary theories, which give pre-eminence to primary linguistics forms (symbol and metaphor), seem to favor just that which makes intelligible communication possible. But they fall short in accounting for the deepest subliminal founts that prompt the mind to exalt in beauty, virtue, transcending aspiration. The present, rich collection shows how allegory, incorporating the soaring of the spirit, offers highlights for culture, with its fluctuations and transformation. This collective effort, rich in ideas and intuitions and covering a vast range of cultural manifestations, is a pioneering work, retrieving the vision of the exalted human spirit, bringing together literature, theatre, music and painting in a variety of revealing perspectives. The authors include: M. Kronegger, Ch. Raffini, J. Smith, J.B. Williamson, H. Ross, M.F. Wagner, F. Divorne, L. Oppenheim, D.K. Heckerl, N. Campi de Castro, P. Saurez Pascual, M. Alfaro Amieiro, H. Fletcher Thompson, R.J. Wilson III, and A. Stensaas. For specialists, students and workers in philosophy, comparative literature, aesthetic phenomenologists and historians of art
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1946-7
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  • 40
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    Language, Mind, and Art : Essays in Appreciation and Analysis, in Honor of Paul Ziff (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 220 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 240
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume is a collection of essays in appreciation, analysis and honor of Paul Ziff, one of the leading American philosophers of the post-World War II period. The essays address questions that loomed large in Ziff's own work. Essays by Zeno Vendler, Jay Rosenberg, and Tom Patton address topics in philosophy of language: understanding, misunderstanding, rules, regularities, and proper names. Michael Resnik examines the nature of numbers, Rita Nolan addresses `mutant predicates', and Peter Alexander discusses microscopes and corpuscles. Douglas C. Long ruminates on Ziff's claim that machines can neither think nor feel. The essays of Dale Jamieson, Bill E. Lawson, Douglas Dempster, and Joseph Ullian address various questions in aesthetics: aesthetic appreciation and morality, expression, the scope of appreciation, and the aesthetics of sport. In the spirit of Ziff, Douglas Stalker criticizes some of the `mush' that looms large in our intellectual lives. The volume begins with a reminiscence by Paul Benacerraf, and ends with selections from an unpublished volume of plays by Paul Ziff. The volume should appeal to anyone whose work has been influenced by Ziff, or is interested in central philosophical problems concerning language, mind, and art
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8313-8
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    Type Logical Grammar : Categorial Logic of Signs (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401110426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 307 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Humanities ; Logic. ; Computational linguistics. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: This book sets out the foundations, methodology, and practice of a formal framework for the description of language. The approach embraces the trends of lexicalism and compositional semantics in computational linguistics, and theoretical linguistics more broadly, by developing categorial grammar into a powerful and extendable logic of signs. Taking Montague Grammar as its point of departure, the book explains how integration of methods from philosophy (logical semantics), computer science (type theory), linguistics (categorial grammar) and meta-mathematics (mathematical logic ) provides a categorial foundation with coverage including intensionality, quantification, featural polymorphism, domains and constraints. For the first time, the book systematises categorial thinking into a unified program which is at once both logically secured, and a practical tool for pure lexical grammar development with type-theoretic semantics. It should be of interest to all those active in computational linguistics and formal grammar and is suitable for use at advanced undergraduate, postgraduate, and research levels
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1042-6
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  • 42
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    Philosophical Problems Today / Problèmes Philosophiques d’Aujourd’hui (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401745222
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 217 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Institute of Philosophy / Institut International de Philosophie 1
    Series Statement: Philosophical Problems Today 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Volume 1 in the new series, Philosophical Problems Today, contains articles on standard problems in European and American philosophy. Quine writes on truth and discusses various difficulties connected with the clear definition of the correspondence theory of truth. Strawson, in his articles on individuals, disputes the empiricist test for the status of entity of object. Sufficient identity-conditions are satisfied by a much wider range of objects. The concept of meaning is further extended and differentiated in the article by Habermas on speech acts and actions. The notion of communicative action is central to his argument. The study of formalism, by Agazzi, is in an important sense also a study of meaning. Although for the most part developed within mathematics, formal ways of thinking have been a basic tenet within philosophy and science ever since Aristotle. In his article, Ricoeur observes that the present philosophy of history no longer engages in the speculative system building as presented in the philosophy of Hegel, Marx and Toynbee. Our philosophy of history is rather a critical reflection of various issues connected with the transmission of historical meaning
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-4522-2
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    Concepts and Measurement of Quality of Life in Health Care (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 287 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: European Studies in Philosophy of Medicine 1 47
    Series Statement: European Studies in Philosophy of Medicine 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health ; Philosophy. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Political science. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: This volume brings together a number of scholarly studies on the definition, assessment and measurement of human quality of life. The book contains fundamental analyses of basic concepts such as welfare, wellbeing, happiness and quality of life itself, but contains also discussions on the application of such concepts for measuring purposes mainly in a health care context. Although the approach to these problems in the book is predominantly philosophical, there are also some studies which take a different, mainly sociological and medical, point of view. Most of the authors have a Scandinavian origin and their essays mirror the current debate on quality of life in northern Europe. The book however also contains contributions by distinguished scholars from the U.K., France, Italy and the Netherlands
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8344-2
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    The Beginning of Human Life (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582575
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 404 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Public health laws ; Ethics ; Gynecology ; Medical laws and legislation.
    Abstract: Progress in biomedical science has called for an international discussion of the medical, ethical, and legal problems that confront physicians, medical researchers, infertile couples, pregnant women, and parents of premature or disabled infants. In addition, the unprecedented technological developments in obstetrical, perinatal, and neonatal medicine in recent years have indicated a need for an international forum for interdisciplinary dialogue regarding the definition of early human life, the neurological development of early human life, the value of early human life, the obligations for its protection and prolongation, and the limits to these obligations
    Description / Table of Contents: I. General PerspectivesMedical Aspects of the Beginning of Individual Lives -- The Beginning of Full Moral Standing -- Legal Aspects of the Beginning of Human Life -- Development of the Human Brain: The Emergence of the Neural Substrate for Pain Perception and Conscious Experience -- The Moral Significance of Brain-Life Criteria -- II. Assisted Reproductive Technology -- Assisted Reproductive Technologies of the 1980s and 1990s: The State of the Art and a Look at the Future -- Human Reproductive Technology: Why All the Moral Fuss? -- Gestational Surrogacy and the Health Care Provider -- III. Contraception and Abortion -- The Beginning of Human Life: Contraceptive Implications -- Abortion: A Public Health Perspective -- Abortion and Contraception: The Moral Significance of Fertilization -- Contraception and Abortion: Legal Distinctions and Dynamics -- IV. Fetal Research and Fetal Tissue -- The Use of Human Fetal Tissue for Research and Therapy -- Restriction and Suppression of Fetal and Pre-Embryo Research, 1974-1990 -- Two Problems in Embryo Research -- Fetal Tissue Transplantation and Women -- Fetal Tissue Transplantation: An Institutional Review Board Perspective -- V. Medical, Ethical, and Legal Aspects of Maternal/Fetal Relationships -- Primary Care Fetal Medicine -- Court-Ordered Cesarean Delivery -- Pregnant Drug Addicts -- Women’s Rights versus the Protection of Fetuses -- The Mother and Fetus Union: What God Has Put Together, Let No Law Put Asunder? -- Coercion for Fetal Therapy? -- VI. Rights and Obligations Related to the Beginning of Individual Human Lives -- When Care Cannot Cure: Medical Problems in Seriously Ill Babies -- Transplantation and the Anencephalic Newborn -- Life-and-Death Decisions in the Midst of Uncertainty -- When is Medical Treatment Futile? -- Treatment Decisions for Premature and Disabled Newborns: Hard Cases Make Bad Law.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8257-5
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    Kant and Critique: New Essays in Honor of W.H. Werkmeister (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581790
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 227
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Ethics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: These new papers by distinguished Kant scholars are collected from a conference held in honor of one of the world's foremost authorities on Kant: William H. Werkmeister. The contributors present novel interpretations of the development of Kant's thought up to and beyond the three famous Critiques. Frederick Van De Pitte raises important questions about Kant's theory of concept formation; Paul Guyer and R.M. Hare contribute provocative essays on Kant's ethics; Donald Crawford and Ted Cohen offer valuable accounts of Kant's theory of aesthetic judgment; and two probing studies of the most interesting problems of the Opus postumum are provided by Burkhard Tuschling and Professor Werkmeister himself. This book should be read by professional Kant scholars, historians of modern philosophy, and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in these fields
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8179-0
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  • 46
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    The Eye and the Mind : Reflections on Perception and the Problem of Knowledge (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401733175
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 161 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 58
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Metaphysics ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This book explains our common-sense understanding of perception and then defends a representative theory of perception as an alternative form of understanding more in accord with the results of science. It also argues against color realism and defends the view that nothing has color. This view is color skepticism. A chapter is devoted to defending color skepticism against a number of objections. The book ends with a discussion of our concept of knowledge and attempts to show that the representative theory of perception is not as vulnerable to skeptical arguments as has been assumed. The book will be of interest to students and teachers of philosophy. It is written in a clear and self-contained manner and is accessible to the general reader as well as to those with well-developed philosophical interests
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3317-5
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  • 47
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    Science, Politics and Morality : Scientific Uncertainty and Decision Making (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581431
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 236 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 17
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Environmental management ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Current environmental problems and technological risks are a challenge for a new institutional arrangement of the value spheres of Science, Politics and Morality. Distinguished authors from different European countries and America provide a cross-disciplinary perspective on the problems of political decision making under the conditions of scientific uncertainty. cases from biotechnology and the environmental sciences are discussed. The papers collected for this volume address the following themes: (i) controversies about risks and political decision making; (ii) concepts of science for policy; (iii) the use of social science in the policy making process; (iv) ethical problems with developments in science and technology; (v) public and state interests in the development and control of technology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8143-1
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  • 48
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    Phenomenology: East and West : Essays in Honor of J.N. Mohanty (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401116121
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 319 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume contains a broad selection of essays primarily commenting on the significant intellectual contributions of J.N. Mohanty toward phenomenology and Indian philosophy. Mohanty's work over the past thirty years reveals a remarkable grasp of numerous philosophical traditions and a wealth of original ideas, both of which have served to relax the strictures among those traditions and to broaden intellectual horizons. In commemoration of Mohanty, these essays offer a critical yet constructive discussion of his ideas. All of the essays are published here for the first time, and their authors include well known philosophers from Europe, India, the United States and Canada. Mohanty replies to these and other criticisms, taking the opportunity to clarify and further develop his views. The volume thus amounts to a critical and constructive dialogue with Mohanty, a dialogue which will, it is hoped, facilitate a continuous, sympathetic appreciation of his thought
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1612-1
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  • 49
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    Treatise on Ethics (1684) (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401124805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 234 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’histoire Des Idées 133
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 133
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: Written seven years after publication of his Search after Truth, Malebranche's Treatise on Ethics develops a detailed, `experimental' science of ethics in two parts; the ethics of virtue and the ethics of duty. Part One distinguishes six sources of motivation: sense perceptions, passions, imagination, and `inner feelings' of love as-respect, as-goodwill and as-esteem. He examines how each is to be evaluated. This is interwoven with an Aristotelian analysis of act and habit, and voluntary vs. involuntary acts, and practical reasoning. This part concludes with two basic virtues; `the strength of the mind' and `freedom of the mind'. Part Two explores our duties to ourselves. to others, to our sovereign, and to God. The translator's introduction discusses the place of Malebranche's ethics within his larger system, his borrowings and innovations, and his impact on later philosophers. Craig Walton is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Institute for Ethics and Policy Studies at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2480-5
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  • 50
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    Manifestations of Reason: Life, Historicity, Culture Reason, Life, Culture Part II : Phenomenology in the Adriatic Countries (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401116770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 447 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self.
    Abstract: "Can there be a more flagrant challenge to the recent - and classic - relativisms, scepticisms and 'deconstructivisms' toward reason, rationality, logos than the Vision of the Manifestation of Life?" As Tymieniecka writes in the introduction to this second book on the constructive appreciation of reason (first book: Analecta Husserliana, Vol. XXXIX), the works of the logos manifest themselves indubitably in the edifice of life. Among perspectives in the compass of reason of this collection: individualisation of life, human existence, reason and doxa (studies by Tymieniecka, Kelkel, Schrag, Buscaroli, Kelly, Laycock, and others) the emphasis falls upon `inner rationalities' of the spirit, creativity, culture (Bosio, D'Ippolito, Delle Site, Barral, Wittkowski, Regina, Haney, Ales Bello, Sivak, Elosequi), culminating in the issues of historiography and history by Mario Sancipriano, to whom the book is dedicated. This collection stems from the work of The World Phenomenology Institute, mainly its two congresses held in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, and Verona, Italy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1677-0
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  • 51
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    Models and Methods in the Philosophy of Science: Selected Essays (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401723008
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 510 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 226
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Social sciences Methodology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Probabilities. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: This book publishes 31 of the author's selected papers which have appeared, with one exception, since 1970. The papers cover a wide range of topics in the philosophy of science. Part I is concerned with general methodology, including formal and axiomatic methods in science. Part II is concerned with causality and explanation. The papers extend the author's earlier work on a probabilistic theory of causality. The papers in Part III are concerned with probability and measurement, especially foundational questions about probability. Part IV consists of several papers, including two historical ones, on the foundations of physics, with the main emphasis being on quantum mechanics. Part V, the longest part, is on the foundations of psychology and includes papers mainly on learning and perception. The book is aimed at philosophers of science, scientists concerned with the methodology of the social sciences, and mathematical psychologists interested in theories of learning, perception and measurement
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2300-8
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    Bridging the Gap: Philosophy, Mathematics, and Physics : Lectures on the Foundations of Science (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401124966
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 329 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 140
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 140
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Logic ; Engineering. ; Mathematical logic. ; Probabilities. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics.
    Abstract: Foundational questions in logic, mathematics, computer science and physics are constant sources of epistemological debate in contemporary philosophy. To what extent is the transfinite part of mathematics completely trustworthy? Why is there a general `malaise' concerning the logical approach to the foundations of mathematics? What is the role of symmetry in physics? Is it possible to build a coherent worldview compatible with a macroobjectivistic position and based on the quantum picture of the world? What account can be given of opinion change in the light of new evidence? These are some of the questions discussed in this volume, which collects 14 lectures on the foundation of science given at the School of Philosophy of Science, Trieste, October 1989. The volume will be of particular interest to any student or scholar engaged in interdisciplinary research into the foundations of science in the context of contemporary debates
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2496-6
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  • 53
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    The Codification of Medical Morality : Historical and Philosophical Studies of the Formalization of Western Medical Morality in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Volume One: Medical Ethics and Etiquette in the Eighteenth Century (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 232 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; History ; Medicine—History. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: This book offers the first wide-ranging survey of early medical ethics, primarily, but not exclusively, in the English-speaking world. Based on fresh historical research and philosophical analysis, the period covered is the `long eighteenth century', culminating in the notable formal ethics of John Gregory and Thomas Percival. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the ethical dilemmas of actual practice and the formulations of philosophically-minded physicians. The historical and philosophical roots of late Enlightenment medical-ethical theories are also examined. A second volume (1993) will examine developments in the nineteenth century
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8228-5
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  • 54
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    Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Economics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy presents a multicultural perspective of global business ethics with special emphasis on Japanese viewpoints. In contrast to the typical business ethics book written primarily from the viewpoint of Western culture and economy, the majority of the work is by Asian scholars, providing an historical overview of the religious, scientific and cultural phenomena which converged to create modern Japanese business ethics. Perspectives from socioeconomics, sociology, social contract and applied business ethics contribute to the analysis of moral issues. A new Japanese approach to moral science, Moralogy, is introduced and its implications for phenomena such as the Keiretsu system are explored. Concurrently, prominent Western ethicists explore the role of moral language and the implications of Kantian ethics and contractarian approaches for developing universal moral standards. Because Japan is an economic superpower, it is critical to understand the hidden economic culture, work ethic, and way of thinking in business. We must realize these are the results of an integration of historical factors, such as Shintoism, Buddhism, Confuctianism and modern Western science and technology. Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy provides philosophical and anthropological analyses of the Japanese economic mind, departing from previous stereotyped approaches. Theoretical discussions based upon social contract theory are presented in order to build ethical norms with cross-cultural activity for multinational economic activities. From such a universal stance, practical proposals are presented to transnationalize the Keiretsu system and other Japanese economic institutions
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8183-7
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  • 55
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    Institutional Legal Facts : Legal Powers and their Effects (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581981
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 239 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Logic ; Administrative law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: Law is traditionally conceived as consisting of norms of conduct and power-conferring norms. This conception, however, is unable to account for a variety of elements of modern legal systems that differ significantly from the classical notions. This book concerns the problem of which results of human activity can obtain legal validity. The author makes use of recent findings in speech act theory, especially John R. Searle and Daniel Vanderveken's illocutionary logic. He sets out a theory of legal norms conceived as institutional legal facts resulting from performances of speech acts specified in power-conferring norms. The theory provides a classification of acts-in-the-law and of legal norms resulting from performances of these. Finally, the transition is made from institutional legal facts to legal institutions. The book is a contribution to the institutional theory of law as developed by N. MacCormick and O. Weinberger
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8198-1
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  • 56
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    Intentionality in Husserl and Heidegger : The Problem of the Original Method and Phenomenon of Phenomenology (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581455
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 303 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 11
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This book reassesses the phenomenological `controversy' between Husserl and Heidegger over the proper status of the phenomenon of intentionality. It seeks to determine whether Heidegger's hermeneutical critique of intentionality is sensitive to Husserl's reflective account of its `Sachen selbst'. Hopkins argues that Heidegger's critique is directed toward the `cogito' modality of intentionality, and therefore, passes over its `non-actional', or `horizonal', dimension in Husserl's phenomenology. As a result of this, he concludes that Heidegger misinterprets Husserl's account of the intentional `immanence' exhibited by phenomenological reflection. On the basis of these findings, Hopkins suggests that the phenomenological methodology, operative in the so-called hermeneutic critique of transcendental consciousness, itself involves transcendental `presuppositions' that are most appropriately characterized in terms of intentional, and reflective, phenomena
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8145-5
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  • 57
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    Informed Consent : Patient Autonomy and Physician Beneficence within Clinical Medicine (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581226
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 169 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Clinical Medical Ethics 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Public health laws ; Ethics ; Medical laws and legislation.
    Abstract: Substantial efforts have recently been made to reform the physician-patient relationship, particularly toward replacing the `silent world of doctor and patient' with informed patient participation in medical decision-making. This 'new ethos of patient autonomy' has especially insisted on the routine provision of informed consent for all medical interventions. Stronly supported by most bioethicists and the law, as well as more popular writings and expectations, it still seems clear that informed consent has, at best, been received in a lukewarm fashion by most clinicians, many simply rejecting what they commonly refer to as the `myth of informed consent'. The purpose of this book is to defuse this seemingly intractable controversy by offering an efficient and effective operational model of informed consent. This goal is pursued first by reviewing and evaluating, in detail, the agendas, arguments, and supporting materials of its proponents and detractors. A comprehensive review of empirical studies of informed consent is provided, as well as a detailed reflection on the common clinician experience with attempts at informed consent and the exercise of autonomy by patients. In the end, informed consent is recast as a management tool for pursuing clinically and ethically important goods and values that any clinician should see as meriting pursuit. Concurrently, the model incorporates a flexible, anticipatory approach that recognizes that no static, generic ritual can legitimately pursue the quite variable goods and values that may be at stake with different patients in different situations. Finally, efficiency of provision is addressed by not pursuing the unattainable and ancillary. Throughout, the traditional principle of beneficence is appealed to toward articulating an operational model of informed consent as an intervention that is likely to change outcomes at the bedside for the better
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8122-6
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    Philosophy and Conceptual History of Science in Taiwan (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401125000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 141
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 141
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is a collection of papers on philosophy of science, conceptual history of science, and sociology of science written by Taiwanese scholars. It is perhaps one of the best, written by Taiwanese, in all Chinese-speaking societies. Some works in it show Orientals study topics that are typically Western philosophy of science. Others show how traditional topics in the history of Chinese science (mathematics, optics, and geology) could be studied with high sensitivity to the philosophy and sociology of science. It also touches upon issues of the `autonomous' development of social sciences in Taiwan, a society whose academic researches are greatly influenced by the West. This collection will prove stimulating and valuable to general and scholarly readers alike who are interested in philosophy and history of science, especially as related to East Asia and the West. The book will interest scholars in philosophy of science, philosophy of language and psychology, studies of philosophy of science in the third world, history of Chinese science, history of science in East Asia, and history of mathematics
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2500-0
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  • 59
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    Merleau-Ponty in Contemporary Perspective (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401117517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 206 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage Des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 129
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 129
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This volume evaluates the contribution of Merleau-Ponty to various philosophical problems, from the culmative point of view of more than thirty years of continental philosophy since the time of his death. However, as the various essays gathered here confirm, the title of the volume risks a certain irony - that which is involved in trying to place into vision (albeit now in only too silent and invisible a manner), namely an original thought whose creative unfolding still awaits its future. As the various papers of this volume attest, Merleau-Ponty is a contemporary philosopher who offers new directions for philosophical interrogation, who still frames in a fresh and provocative voice the issues which remain urgent for our time. Like recent collections of essays on Merleau-Ponty, the present volume offers a critical and interpretive look backward to his works from a relatively differentiated and stable vantage point from which they might come definitively into view, but beyond this the present volume is unique in also moving forward to the works of Merleau-Ponty just as we now move in an exploratory way toward the future of philosophy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1751-7
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  • 60
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    Haecceity : An Ontological Essay (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581752
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 255 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 57
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Many contemporary philosophers are interested in the scotistic notion of haecceity or `thisness' because it is relevant to important problems concerning identity and individuation, reference, modality, and propositional attitudes. Haecceity is the only book-length work devoted to this topic. The author develops a novel defense of Platonism, arguing, first, that abstracta - nonqualitative haecceities - are needed to explain concreta's being diverse at a time; and second, that unexemplified haecceities are then required to accommodate the full range of cases in which there are possible worlds containing individuals not present in the actual world. In the cognitive area, an original epistemic argument is presented which implies that certain haecceities can be grasped by a person: his own, those of certain of his mental states, and those of various abstracta, but not those of external things. It is argued that in consequence there is a clear sense in which one is directly acquainted with the former entities, but not with external things
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8175-2
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    Democracy and the “Kingdom of God” (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401116381
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 251 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 17
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Political science Philosophy ; History ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Religion. ; History. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: There is a consensus among Christian theologians that the symbol of the `kingdom of God', inherited from the Judaic tradition, is the key to understanding Christianity. But theologians have for millenia differed among themselves as to the interpretation of this symbol. Political ramifications of, or reactions to, this Judaeo-Christian idea have included the Holy Roman Empire, the Crusades, the `Third Rome', American Manifest Destiny, Zionism, the Third Reich, and Liberation Theology. This book focuses on the question of whether the kingdom of God is necessarily related to certain political implications, and its possible implications for democracy and democratic theory. It examines the development of the symbol in the Old and New Testaments, the diversity of related theological interpretations and political concomitants, and the significance of the `kingdom of God' in the development of present and future political formations and political theory
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1638-1
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  • 62
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    The Passions of Rhetoric: Lessing’s Theory of Argument and the German Enlightenment (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401119962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 123 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences ; History ; Comparative literature. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Passions of Rhetoric reveals Lessing's contribution to the history of rhetoric and his participation in the long-standing debate between philosophy and rhetoric. - Attempts a reassessment of the importance of rhetoric to argumentation in the 18th century. - Establishes that Lessing developed his own views on rhetoric and argumentation and that these views were opposed to the anti-rhetorical position of other 18th century intellectuals, including Kant. - The few treatments of Lessing's polemical writings that have appeared in the last few years concentrate on the practice of rhetoric and not on Lessing's own views on language and argument. Moore's work, on the other hand, combines both an interest in style of argument and the philosophy which informs it, a rich tradition going back to the ancient Greeks. The book is required reading for students of European rhetoric, 18th century German critical writing, 18th century polemics on theatre and theology. All quotations in German have been translated into English to inform a wider audience
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1996-2
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  • 63
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    Ideas for a Hermeneutic Phenomenology of the Natural Sciences (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401119580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 314 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book is a methodical and systematic presentation of basic ontological issues that must be raised with respect to the meaning and function of natural science. The ontological issues are discussed from a hermeneutico-phenomenological point of view. In addition, the book contains critical discussions of basic themes raised by Carnap, Hempel, Stegmüller, Kuhn, Lakatos, Hübner, Popper, van Fraassen, Heelan and Kisiel. One of the basic theses developed in the book is that logical, epistemological and methodological issues pertinent to the natural sciences should be complemented by ontological issues that focus mainly on meaning and truth. The book also contains one chapter on the implications of the ontological ideas presented for the history of the natural sciences
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1958-0
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    The Logic of Discovery : A Theory of the Rationality of Scientific Research (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 340 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 231
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific research is viewed as a deliberate activity and the logic of discovery consists of strategies and arguments whereby the best objectives (questions) and optimal means for achieving these objectives (heuristics) are chosen. This book includes a discussion and some proposals regarding the way the logic of questions can be applied to understanding scientific research and draws upon work in artificial intelligence in a discussion of heuristics and methods for appraising heuristics (metaheuristics). It also includes a discussion of a third source for scientific objectives and heuristics; episodes and examplars from the history of science and the history of philosophy. This book is written to be accessible to advanced students in philosophy and to the scientific community. It is of interest to philosophers of science, philosophers of biology, historians of physics, and historians of biology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8216-2
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    Models of the History of Philosophy: From its Origins in the Renaissance to the ‘Historia Philosophica’ (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581813
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIV, 500 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 135
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 135
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: Models of the History of Philosophy. From its Origins in the Renaissance to the `Historia philosophica' (a translation of a work published in 1981 in Italian - the bibliography has been updated) gives a comprehensive description of the various forms and approaches in the literature of the history of philosophy from the fifteenth to the middle of the seventeenth century. Several traditions are described, from the well known `prisca theologia' and `perennis philosophia' traditions of Marsilio Ficino and Augustino Steuco, which claimed that the Greeks got their philosophy from the East, to the unknown influence of Scepticism on the history of philosophy by the recovery of Sextus Empiricus, and the German Protestant critical attack on Greek philosophy as Atheistic which was the tradition of the history of philosophy out of which Leibniz developed. Each individual historian of philosophy is given a separate entry which includes a biography, a complete bibliography of his works, a description of his history of philosophy and ends with both an assessment of his reputation during his own time and a complete listing of recent literature on him. As a result the substantial variety in the way the history of philosophy was written and, with it, an overview of the way western civilization developed is described in detail for the first time. For university history of literature, history of culture, history of religion and history of philosophy classes. The book can be used both for undergraduate courses (for specific reading assignments) and as background material for graduate courses. The bibliography provides important aids to many topics which have previously been almost inaccessible
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8181-3
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    Philosophy of Probability (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582087
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 299 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 56
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Humanities ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Probabilities.
    Abstract: Philosophy of Probability provides a comprehensive introduction to theoretical issues that occupy a central position in disciplines ranging from philosophy of mind and epistemology to cognitive science, decision theory and artificial intelligence. Some contributions shed new light on the standard conceptions of probability (Bayesianism, logical and computational theories); others offer detailed analyses of two important topics in the field of cognitive science: the meaning and the representation of (partial) belief, and the management of uncertainty. The authors of this well-balanced account are philosophers as well as computer scientists (among them, L.J. Cohen, D. Miller, P. Gärdenfors, J. Vickers, D. Dubois and H. Prade). This multidisciplinary approach to probability is designed to illuminate the intricacies of the problems in the domain of cognitive inquiry. No one interested in epistemology or aritificial intelligence will want to miss it
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8208-7
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    Morality and Rational Choice (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582261
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 18
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book develops and defends a version of utilitarianism, including expected-utility theory, as a normative model of decision making. The defense, based on the idea of utility as achievement of goals, considers the endorsement of a norm as a decision and asks what reasons we have to endorse norms for decision making. The reasons derive from our pre-existing goals, so any norm we endorse must not fly in the face of these goals, although it must not be selfishly biased, either. This approach is further clarified by drawing distinctions between decisions for the self, for a single other person, for several others, and for the self and others. The book discusses the implications of this argument for the psychological study of decision making, the act--omission distinction, moral education, decision analysis, risk analysis, and other questions of public policy. The final chapter sketches a prescriptive approach to group decision making
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8226-1
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    The Context of Explanation (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401117357
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 157 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 149
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 149
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Pragmatism ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this book Martin Bunzl considers the prospects for a general and comprehensive account of explanation, given the variety of interests that prompt explanations in science. Bunzl argues that any successful account of explanation must deal with two very different contexts - one static and one dynamic. Traditionally, theories of explanation have been built for the former of these two contexts. That is to say, they are designed to show how it is that a 'finished' body of scientific knowledge can be put to explanatory use. But finished sciences are few and far between. Real 'explanation' also occurs in a dynamical context in which questions are asked and answers are given as theories are in the process of being constructed. Here, Bunzl argues that attending to explanation produced under these dynamic circumstances undermines prominent features of the theory of explanation produced in the traditional static context
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1735-7
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    Reason, Life, Culture : Part I Phenomenology in the Baltics (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401118620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 295 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Rationality in its various expressions and innumerable applications sustains understanding and our sense of reality. It is traditionally differentiated according to its sources in the soul: in consciousness, in reason, in experience, and in elevation. Such a functional approach, however, leaves us searching for the common foundation harmonizing these rationalities. The perennial quest to resolve the aporias of rationality is finding in contemporary science’s focus on origins, on the generative roots of reality, tantalizing hints as to how this may be accomplished. This project is enhanced by the wave of recent phenomenology/ontopoiesis of life, which reveals/expresses the workings of the logos at the root of beingness and all rationality, whereby we gaze upon the prospect of a New Enlightenment. In the rays of this vision the revival of the intuitions of classical Islamic metaphysics, particularly intuition of the continuity of beingness in the gradations of life, receive fresh confirmation
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1862-0
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    The Aesthetics of Communication : Pragmatics and Beyond (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401117739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 174 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy. ; Linguistics. ; Arts.
    Abstract: The dominant paradigm in the sciences of language conceives the subject-in-community as a truth-sayer, a communicator, and a player-economist. The major ontology of the human community reconstructs being-together as a system of interactions and transactions subject to the rules of economic rationality and, as a consequence, the community as source and target of finite strategical games. The primordial value then is the circulation of information and ideal communication is favored by the truth-functional status of our discourses. However, this dominant ontology has a few cracks. This is where the aesthetic dimension intrudes, establishing here and there the blink of an eye, shattering the economic, communicational, and truth-saying phantasm, scattering the field of being-together, fragmenting it. These aesthetic fringes conduct themselves according to the isotopy of blossoming, of rupture and fracture, of thresholds and discontinuity. Their effect is one of bedazzlement, trembling, shaking, upheaval, lightheadedness. Infinite games in conversation, the musicality of voices, understanding by flair and tact, the temporariness of nostalgic memory, reasonable pathos, are what has been emphasized in this book
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1773-9
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    Optimum Inductive Methods : A Study in Inductive Probability, Bayesian Statistics, and Verisimilitude (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581318
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 194 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 232
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Statistics ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology.
    Abstract: The problem of the choice of prior probabilities for Bayesian inferences is considered, with special reference to the theory of inductive probabilities and the analysis of the multinomial inferences provided by Bayesian statistics. Among other things, it is argued that the choice of prior probabilities in a given empirical inquiry should be suitably restricted by specific `contextual constraints' such as the available background knowledge and the cognitive goal of the inquiry, where this goal is assumed to be the achievement of a high degree of verisimilitude. One of the most original features of the book is the attempt at a `coordinated development' of Bayesian statistics, the theory of inductive probabilities, and the verisimilitude theory. The book will be of special interest to researchers and readers concerned with Bayesian inference and, more generally, to readers engaged in inductive logic, philosophy of science and statistics
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8131-8
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    Correspondence, Invariance and Heuristics : Essays in Honour of Heinz Post (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401711852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 363 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 148
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 148
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume is dedicated to Heinz Post who proposed a rational model of scientific discovery. His account draws attention to the formal flaws in theories that motivate theory modification, the correspondence relations that hold between old and new theories and the cross-theoretic retention of symmetry and conservation principles. Exploring Post's model from a variety of perspectives, the contributors draw on a wide range of case studies from physics, chemistry and biology. This is the first work to examine one such model of heuristics in the context of detailed examples from science itself. It will be of interest to teachers, researchers and graduate students in both the history and philosophy of science and can be used as a textbook in advanced courses on scientific method
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1185-2
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    Mental Representation and Consciousness : Towards a Phenomenological Theory of Representation and Reference (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401722391
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 201 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The book makes a direct contribution to the connection between phenomenology and cognitive science. Continuing Husserl's science of consciousness, the author shows that consciousness is structured in all sorts of ways and that it is very complicated, with one kind of consciousness being enclosed within other kinds. In particular, he provides a notation to reveal the structures of consciousness more vividly, thus fixing and isolating issues and allowing for rational, communicable analysis of conscious awareness. With this tool, clear-cut distinctions among different forms of mentally representing and thereby intentionally referring to something are elaborated. The notation might also be of assistance in present day discussions about parallelism in computer architecture and programming. For philosophers of mind, cognitive scientists and psychologists, phenomenologists, neuroscientists interested in consciousness
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2239-1
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    Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Developments (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401729642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 313 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1993], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 1
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Development is the first Yearbook of the Vienna Circle Institute, which was founded in October 1991. The book contains original contributions to an international symposium which was the first public event to be organised by the Institute: `Vienna--Berlin--Prague: The Rise of Scientific Philosophy: The Centenaries of Rudolf Carnap, Hans Reichenbach and Edgar Zilsel.' The first section of the book - `Scientific Philosophy - Origins and Developments' reveals the extent of scientific communication in the inter-War years between these great metropolitan centres, as well as presenting systematic investigations into the relevance of the heritage of the Vienna Circle to contemporary research and philosophy. This section offers a new paradigm for scientific philosophy, one which contrasts with the historiographical received view of logical empiricism. Support for this re-evaluation is offered in the second section, which contains, for the first time in English translation, Gustav Bergmann's recollections of the Vienna Circle, and an historical study of political economist Wilhelm Neurath, Otto Neurath's father. The third section gives a report on current computer-based research which documents the relevance of Otto Neurath's `Vienna method of pictorial statistics', or `Isotypes'. A review section describes new publications on Neurath and the Vienna Circle, as well anthologies relevant to Viennese philosophy and its history, setting them in their wider cultural and political perspective. Finally, a description is given of the Vienna Circle Institute and its activities since its foundation, as well as of its plans for the future
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2964-2
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    Sophisms in Medieval Logic and Grammar : Acts of the Ninth European Symposium for Medieval Logic and Semantics, held at St Andrews, June 1990 (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401117678
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 422 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Philosophy, medieval ; History ; Historical linguistics.
    Abstract: This book presents the very latest research on the medieval use of sophisms in logical and grammatical investigation by twenty-three of the leading experts in Europe and beyond. Important insights into the genre of sophismatic treatises have been gained only very recently, and the organisation of the European Symposium on this topic in 1990 led to a concentration of research and evaluation of insights. The papers are divided into three groups: one covers textual study and analysis of the role of sophisms in the medieval curriculum; another deals with grammatical sophisms; and the third covers particular logical sophisms, from 'Man is the worthiest of creatures' and problems in the theory of reference to the Liar paradox and the work of William of Ockham
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1767-8
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    Historical Pragmatics : Philosophical Essays (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581882
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 370 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 155
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 155
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Pragmatism ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The thirteen essays in this volume (except for the one on Leibniz, which has not been published before) are selected works of Robert E. Butts, originally published over a period of many years. Most of the essays analyze aspects of the work of Galileo, Leibniz, Kant and Whewell; others deal with the question of the unity of the sciences and with the question of toleration in academe. The papers share a common philosophical commitment to principle of pragmatism, and seek to show that pragmatism emerges historically in unexpected places. Emphasis is placed upon issues in methodology and theory of knowledge. The book will appeal to those interested in history of modern philosophy, history and philosophy of science, and the philosophical fortunes of pragmatism
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8188-2
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  • 77
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    Science, Technology, and the Art of Medicine : European-American Dialogues (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401729604
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 339 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 44
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Medicine—History. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Science, Technology, and the Art of Medicine contains papers by eminent scholars who discuss issues and concepts regarding the character of medicine. Special attention is given to the extent to which medicine is a science, art, and technology. Investigations are carried out with a particular focus on the nature of medical knowledge. Concepts of medical research, medical causality, intuition, and medical decision-making are examined in the light of medicine's revolutionary advances in the twentieth century. Past perspectives and present perplexities are also examined, bringing together a volume in the philosophy of medicine that treats a broad range of issues in medical epistemology and practise in a careful, critical fashion
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2960-4
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    Le Tractatus de Wittgenstein et l’ Éthique de Spinoza : Étude de Comparaison Structurale (1993)
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel | Basel : Imprint: Birkhäuser
    Details
    ISBN: 9783034885928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (421 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: Wittgenstein et Spinoza construisent, l'un dans le Tractatus, l'autre dans l'Éthique, des systèmes philosophiques réunissant le monde, l'homme et Dieu dans lesquels ils s'opposent sur de nombreux points. C'est ainsi par exemple que, suivant Spinoza, l'homme est assuré que rien ne se produit sans cause alors que Wittgenstein rejette la possibilité de rapports d'ordre causal entre les événements. Le présent travail dissèque dans une première partie l'œuvre de Wittgenstein, il analyse dans une deuxième partie la doctrine de Spinoza, et il compare enfin dans la troisième partie les deux systèmes dont il fait ressortir les points de concordance et de dissemblance dans leurs constructions respectives. Il traite les œuvres philosophiques que sont le Tractatus et l'Éthique comme si elles relevaient de sciences telles que la mécanique, l'astronomie, etc., et utilise des modèles géométriques appropriés à leur interprétation. L'étude comparative du Tractatus et de l'Éthique, qui ne cessent d'exercer leur influence sur la pensée humaine, permet de conclure que le Tractatus, œuvre du XXe siècle, renoue avec le rationalisme du XVIIe siècle exprimé par Spinoza
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8592-8
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    Japanese and Western Phenomenology (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (476 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 12
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume has been developed from the first extensive meeting of Japanese and Western phenomenologists, which was sponsored by the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, Inc. and the Phenomenological Association of Japan and held in Sanda City. Chiefly philosophical and chiefly concerned with Husserl's thought, it also shows links with several human sciences and such figures as Wilhelm Dilthey, Eugen Fink, Martin Heidegger, Max Scheler, Alfred Schutz, and well as with Zen and the Japanese tradition in phenomenology, which is second only to the German in age and has recently blossomed anew. Further such meetings have occurred and are planning, building upon this foundation
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8218-6
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    Asian philosophy (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401125109
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 411 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contemporary philosophy, A new survey 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume on Asian philosophy is the 7th volume in the series Contemporary Philosophy. The main objective of the series is to review the philosophical research over the last 20-30 years in the countries concerned. Quite a few surveys in the present volume also contain original contributions to the discussion of the various topics. The bulk of the contributions are written by scholars from India, Japan, and Korea. A main tenet in nearly all articles is the deep interest in classical philosophy and religious movements. Central topics in Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and also Shamanism are discussed. These traditions are certainly distinct from classical metaphysics in the European philosophy, as is extensively shown by Panikkar in the case of classical Indian thinking. At the same time it is well known that, for instance, Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism have exerted a significant influence on many European philosophers, particularly from Plotinus onwards. Spinoza, Leibniz and Hegel are great mediators between Asian and European philosophical traditions. Besides metaphysical issues, the authors discuss well known topics in moral and political philosophy as well as philosophy of logic and language. The volume no doubt invites to a crosscultural philosophical discussion
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2510-9
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  • 81
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    Hegel and Newtonianism (1993)
    Dordrecht : Kluver Academic Publishers | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401116626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 786 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 136
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; History.
    Abstract: This is the first comprehensive survey of the way in which Hegel reacted to the pervasive Newtonianism of his day. Various eighteenth century developments in metaphysics, the foundations of mathematics, mechanics, optics and chemistry are considered, together with Hegel's assessment of them. It becomes apparent that the criticism he levels at several of the prevailing attitudes of his day assumes a new significance once a proper distinction is drawn between Newton's own views and those of his professed followers. One of the most remarkable results of the survey is the way in which it brings out the basic convergence of many of Hegel's views with those of the historical Newton. The work is rounded off with a fully annotated bibliography of the relevant sections of Hegel's private library
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1662-6
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  • 82
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    Bioethics Yearbook : Theological Developments in Bioethics: 1990-1992 (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401118866
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 306 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bioethics Yearbook 3
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: As the field of bioethics has matured, increasing attention is being paid to how bioethical issues are treated in different moral and religious traditions and in different regions of the world. It is often difficult, however, to obtain accurate information about these matters. The Bioethics Yearbook series provides interested parties with analyses of how such issues as new reproductive techniques, abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, care of seriously ill newborns, consent, confidentiality, equitable access, cost-containment, withholding and withdrawing treatment, active euthanasia, the definition of death, and organ transplantation are being discussed in different religious traditions and regions. Volume Three discusses theological developments from 1990--1992 in Anglican, Baptist, Buddhist, Catholic, Continental Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Hindu, Jewish, Latter-Day Saint, Lutheran, Methodist, Muslim, and Presbyterian traditions. Volume Four will continue coverage of official governmental and medical society policies on these topics throughout the world
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1886-6
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  • 83
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    Philosophy of Technology in Spanish Speaking Countries (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401118927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 318 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Engineering. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the first book to collect and translate a broad spectrum of philosophical reflection on technology from throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Highlighting work from Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Spain and Venezuela -- with further representation from Argentina, Cuba, Colombia, Uruguay, and the U.S. -- it introduces both affirmatives and critical studies by younger as well as established philosophers. Of special importance are the contributions by Marcos García de la Huerta (Chile), Hugo Padilla (Mexico), Miguel Quintanilla (Spain), Juan David García Bacca (Venezuela), and Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla (Venezuela) -- all of whom are leading and influential authors, none of whom has previously appeared in English. For students and scholars concerned with the philosophy of science and technology, Latin American studies, and interdisciplinary science--technology--society programs, this text contains twenty-five papers addressing issues in the metaphysical, epistemological, ethical, political, historical, and anthropological analysis of technology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1892-7
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  • 84
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    Instrument Development in the Affective Domain : Measuring Attitudes and Values in Corporate and School Settings (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401114004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 275 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Educational tests and measurements ; Psychology, Industrial. ; Personnel management.
    Abstract: This text was prepared for a graduate level course in affective instrument development with a focus on the school-educational environment. A major change in this second edition is the inclusion of research on attitudes and values from the corporate domain. Self-efficacy has also been included as a major affective variable with implications for both educational and corporate worlds. The following methodological techniques have also been included in this edition: confirmatory factor analysis, causal modeling, Rasch latent trait techniques and generalizability theory. The techniques described, and the school and corporate environment data sets included, represent attempts over several years to prepare materials that would illustrate appropriate instrument development techniques in the affective domain. The need for this text became apparent after witnessing several large-scale research projects that were hindered by inadequately prepared instruments. Researchers in these projects were often not aware of the need to use appropriate procedures in developing affective instruments; furthermore, there were few comprehensive and readable texts that could help. The text was developed to meet this important need
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1400-4
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  • 85
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    Nonexistent Objects : Meinong and Contemporary Philosophy (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582148
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 307 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology
    Abstract: Issues surrounding the status and nature of `nonexistent objects' constitute one of philosophy's oldest and densest thickets. In this book Perszyk takes his readers surefootedly through this thicket, informed both historically and at the level of contemporary discussion of relevant themes. His main aim is to develop a `bundle' or `set of properties' interpretation of Meinong's theory of nonexistent objects (as opposed to a set of properties neo-Meinongian metaphysics), and to defend this nonstandard interpretation against competing views in both the philosophical and scholarly literature on Meinong. The Meinong who emerges is neither the hero nor the villain his friends and foes have commonly led us to believe. This clearly written book is a valuable addition both to the literature on Meinong and to contemporary metaphysics of modality. It is written for students and professionals interested in these, and related, areas
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8214-8
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  • 86
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    The Ethics of Business in a Global Economy (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401581653
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 154 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Ethics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: The Ethics of Business in a Global Economy contains essays by business leaders from four nations. This is followed by analyses of three key topics by scholars active in the fields of economics and ethics, and statements by practitioners of four major world religions on the relevance of their respective traditions to the ethics of business. Finally, there are six brief case studies prepared by two business ethicists about specific ethical issues arising in international business. The authors address different facets of one of the most dramatic new facts of our time, the globalization of business. With many corporations now operating around the world and others planning a significant expansion of markets, this development is destined to accelerate in coming decades. The Ethics of Business in a Global Economy is a valuable resource both for the student of business ethics, as well as for those who want to explore the interrelationship between business, ethics, and religion in order to discover how collaboration between people in these three fields can contribute to a more just society
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8165-3
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  • 87
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    Consciousness, Knowledge, and Truth : Essays in Honour of Jan Srzednicki (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401120609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 195 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Ontology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Scholars from all the continents have written articles to celebrate the seventieth birthday of Jan Srzednicki, a thinker still at the height of his powers. Srzednicki's scientific work alternates between problems of Austrian and German philosophy and questions of political philosophy. The papers published in this volume discuss topics of general philosophy, in the clear and deep style both of Srzednicki's own philosophical work and of the authors investigated in his writings (mainly Brentano and the Polish tradition of analytic philosophy). The topics developed pertain to the fields of epistemology (common sense, knowledge and objectivity, truth and perception) and of logic and philosophy of logic (paraconsistent logic, definition and duality)
    Description / Table of Contents: G. E. Moore on Common Sense and the External WorldCrimes Against Common Sense -- Object and Objectivity -- Formal Qualities -- A Formal Analysis of Cognition and Knowledge -- Ostensive Definition as a Prototype of Real Definition -- Opposition, Obversion and Duality -- On a Sequence of Contradiction-Tolerating Logics -- On Truth -- Brentano on “Unconscious Consciousness” -- Kant’s Complaint of a Wretched Subterfuge -- Social Planning, Constitutionalism and Pluralistic Sequentialism -- Index of Names.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2060-9
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  • 88
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    Diamonds and Defaults : Studies in Pure and Applied Intensional Logic (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401582421
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 388 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 229
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: The papers collected in this volume, most of them derived from presentations at the Amsterdam Seminar on Intensional Logic, report recent work in pure and applied intensional logic, and are written by researchers from philosophical and mathematical logic, artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. Most of the contributions deal with modal or temporal logic, either as a topic or as a tool. Another major theme in the book may be described as `representing changing information'. The papers constitute an important collection, addressing issues that have received a good deal of attention in recent years. The volume is aimed at researchers and students in logic, both pure and applied, and artificial intelligence. It is also of interest to philosophers and computational linguists
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8242-1
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  • 89
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    Women’s Studies of the Christian and Islamic Traditions : Ancient, Medieval and Renaissance Foremothers (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401116640
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (365 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Philosophy. ; Religion. ; International law.
    Abstract: In this collection of articles, Kari Elisabeth Børresen and Kari Vogt point out the convergence of androcentric gender models in the Christian and Islamic traditions. They provide extensive surveys of recent research in women's studies, with bio-socio-cultural genderedness as their main analytical category. Matristic writers from late Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance are analysed in terms of a female God language, reshaping traditional theology. The persisting androcentrism of 20th-century Christianity and Islam, as displayed in institutional documents promoting women's specific functions, is critically exposed. This volume presents a pioneering investigation of correlated Christian and Islamic gender models which has hitherto remained uncompared by women's studies in religion. This work will serve scholars and students in the humanistic disciplines of theology, religious studies, Islamic studies, history of ideas, Medieval philosophy and women's history
    Description / Table of Contents: I Survey of recent researchWomen’s Studies of the Christian Tradition -- Etudes relatives aux femmes et à leer rôle dans les cultures musulmanes du VIIeau XVesiècle -- II Matristics: Late Antique, Early Christian and Islamic Foremothers -- “The Hierophant of Philosophy” - Hypatia of Alexandria -- La moniale folle du monistère des Tabennésiotes -- The Desert Mothers: Female Asceticism in Egypt from the 4th to the 6th Century -- “Becoming Male”: a Gnostic, Early Christian and Islamic Metaphor -- III Matristics: Mothers of the Church -- Ancient and Medieval Church Mothers -- Birgitta of Sweden: a Model of Theological Inculturation -- Julian of Norwich: a Model of Feminist Theology -- Caritas Pirckheimer et Vittoria Colonna -- IV Féminologie institutionelle -- Image ajustée, typologie arrêtée: Analyse critique deMulieris dignitatem -- Catholicisme et Islam: Une réthorique apologétique commune à propos de la femme.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1664-0
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  • 90
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    Kant’s Transcendental Deduction : An Analysis of Main Themes in His Critical Philosophy (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401580205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 424 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 222
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The argument of the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories in the Critique of Pure Reason is the deepest and most far-reaching in philosophy. In his new book, Robert Howell interprets main themes of the Deduction using ideas from contemporary philosophy and intensional logic, thereby providing a keener grasp of Kant's many subtleties than has hitherto been available. No other work pursues Kant's argument through every twist and turn with the careful, logically detailed attention maintained here. Surprising new accounts of apperception, the concept of an object, the logical functions of thought, the role of the Metaphysical Deduction, and Kant's relations to his Aristotelian-Cartesian background are developed. Howell makes a precise contribution to the discussion of most of the disputed issues in the history of Deduction interpretation. Controversial in its conclusions, this book demands the attention of all who take seriously the task of understanding Kant's work and evaluating it dispassionately
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8020-5
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  • 91
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    Between History and Method : Disputes about the Rationality of Science (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401127066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 227 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 145
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 145
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The program Amsterdamski suggests in Between History and Method may not be deemed `strong enough' by the sociologists; but he believes that it offers the only way to give an account of the evident specificity of science with respect to other products of human intellectual activities if we cannot accept the idea of the supra-historical rationality of human nature. What differentiates such a program from the old so-called `rationalist tradition' is the thesis that the background consensus is not the incarnation of immanent human rationality, and that it is not historically stable. What differentiates this program from (at least some) contemporary developments in the sociology of science is the notion that if the circumstances of cognition have any impact upon the content of knowledge, this impact is not immediate, but rather is mediated by the relatively stable set of values and ideas constituting the research tradition. It is precisely on the basis of these traditions, which provide the resources for creative renewal from within, that new scientific knowledge is universalized. This book will be of interest to historians of science, philosophers and sociologists of science
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2706-6
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  • 92
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    The Body in Medical Thought and Practice (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401579247
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 260 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Medicine—History. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: In the second half of the 20th century, the body has become a central theme of intellectual debate. How should we perceive the human body? Is it best understood biologically, experientially, culturally? How do social institutions exercise power over the body and determine norms of health and behavior? The answers arrived at by phenomenologists, social theorists, and feminists have radically challenged our cenventional notions of the body dating back to 17th century Cartesian thought. This is the first volume to systematically explore the range of contemporary thought concerning the body and draw out its crucial implications for medicine. Its authors suggest that many of the problems often found in modern medicine -- dehumanized treatment, overspecialization, neglect of the mind's healing resources -- are directly traceable to medicine's outmoded concepts of the body. New and exciting alternatives are proposed by some of the foremost physicians and philosophers working in the medical humanities today
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7924-7
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  • 93
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    The Phenomenology of the Noema (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401734257
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophers contributing new ideas are commonly caught within a received philosophical vocabulary and will often coin new, technical terms. Husserl understood himself as advancing a new theory of intentionality, and he fashioned the new vocabulary of `noesis' and `noema'. But Husserl's own statements regarding the noema are ambiguous. Hence, it is no surprise that controversy has ensued. The articles in this book elucidate and clarify the notion of the noema; the book includes articles which phenomenologically describe and analyze the noemata of various experiences as well as articles which undertake the `metaphenomenological' explication of the doctrine of the noema. These two enterprises cannot be isolated from one another. Any analysis of the noema of a particular type of experience will necessarily illustrate, at least by instantiating the general notion of noema. And any metaphenomenological account of the noema itself will guide particular researches into the noemata of particular experiences
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3425-7
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  • 94
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    The Ethics of Diagnosis (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9780585283333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 312 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 40
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Medicine—History. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: A major focus of the philosophy of medicine and, in general, of the philosophy of science has been the interplay of facts and values. Nowhere is an evaluation of this interplay more important than in the ethics of diagnosis. Traditionally, diagnosis has been understood as an epistemological activity which is concerned with facts and excludes the intrusion of values. The essays in this volume challenge this assumption. Questions of knowledge in diagnosis are intimately related to the concerns with intervention that characterize the applied science of medicine. Broad social and individual goals, as well as diverse ethical frameworks, are shown to condition both the processes and results of diagnosis. This has significant implications for bioethics, implications that have not previously been developed. With this volume, `the ethics of diagnosis' is established as an important branch of bioethics
    DOI: 10.1007/978-0-585-28333-3
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  • 95
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    Hart’s Legal Philosophy : An Examination (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401580861
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 316 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Law—History. ; Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This work presents, interprets, and largely defends the legal philosophy of H.L.A. Hart, except for his account of causation. Hart is considered by many persons to be the most important English writer on jurisprudence in the 20th century. The book considers his general theory of law, his theory of rights and of the enforcement of morality, and his analysis of the conditions of legal resposibility and the justification of punishment
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8086-1
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  • 96
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    Statement and Referent : An Inquiry into the Foundations of Our Conceptual Order (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401730662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 462 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 224
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Semantics ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This treatise, in its first part, moves from a consideration of behavior and ulterance through a definition of assertion as a kind of utterance to a consideration of statements, conceived of as products of assertion, to be represented by pairs of testing procedures of verification and falsification. The treatise, in its second part, identifies a small number of basic forms of testing procedures, affiliated to the syncategoremata of classical philosophy, and uses these to represent all distinguishable, humanly producible, forms of statement. This same apparatus is used, in the third part of the treatise, to explain our conception of an object of reference and of various constructions from such objects. Particular attention is given to bodies and to other things met with in space and time, where it is finally argued that bodies, as we have explained them, are our most fundamental objects of reference
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3066-2
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  • 97
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    The Meaning of Nouns : Semantic Theory in Classical and Medieval India (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401127516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 297 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's Vaiyakarana-bhusana is a massive work on semantic theory written in India in the 17th century. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta belonged to the tradition of Sanskrit grammar and in this work he consolidated the philosophy of language developed in the Paninian tradition of Sanskrit grammar. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's work takes account of the philosophical debate which occurred in classical and medieval India among the philosophers and grammarians from about 500 B.C. to the 17th century A.D. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's work primarily represents this debate between the traditions of Sanskrit grammar, Mi&mdotu;amsa, and Nyaya-Vaisesika. It discusses ontological, epistemological, and exegetical issues concerning the notion of meaning as it relates to the various components of language. The present book is a heavily annotated translation of the Namartha-nirnaya section of Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's Vaiyakarana-bhusana, with an extensive introduction. While there are several books that discuss Indian semantic theories in general terms, this book belongs to a small class of intensive, focused studies of densely written philosophical texts which examines each argument in its historical and philosophical context. It is of interest to all students of philosophy of language in general, and to students of Indian philosophy in particular
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2751-6
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    Birth, Suffering, and Death : Catholic Perspectives at the Edges of Life (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401129084
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 234 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 41
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Medical sciences. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Medicine—History.
    Abstract: The book is an effort, from within the tradition of Catholic moral theology and philosophy, to examine issues which are raised by the possibilities of medical treatment for those patients who are dying. The book looks at possible issues for newborns, the elderly, and those, at any age, with terminal disease such as AIDS. The book examines specific moral issues such as when death occurs, the extent of obligations to treat patients, and the notion of `responsibility' towards such patients. From the Foreword by Edmund D. Pellegrino: `This new Catholic Studies in Bioethics series, inaugurated with this volume, is a welcome addition to the expanding world literature in biomedical ethics. It offers a forum in which qualified scholars in the Roman Catholic tradition may present their critical reflections for Catholics and non-Catholics alike. Edited as it is by a panel of international scholars, the new series promises to reach a wide audience among theologians, health professionals, and moral philosophers.'
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2908-4
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  • 99
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    The Emotions : A Philosophical Theory (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401125529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 203 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: I Understanding Emotions -- The Intentionality of Emotions -- II Intentionality -- III Emotions and Belief -- IV Component Theories of Emotions -- V Evaluative Theories of Emotions -- VI The Belief-Desire Theory of Emotions -- The Economy of Mind -- VII Emotional Behavior -- VIII Emotional Affectivity -- Dimensions of Emotions -- IX Activity and Passivity -- X Positive and Negative Emotions -- References.
    Abstract: Philosophical theories of emotions, and to an extent some theories of scientific psychology, represent attempts to capture the essence of emotions basically as they are conceived in common sense psychology. Although there are problems, the success of explanations of our behavior in terms of believes, desires and emotions creates a presumption that, at some level of abstraction, they reflect important elements in our psychological nature. It is incumbent on a theory of emotions to provide an account of two salient facts about emotions as conceived in common sense psychology. As intentional states, emotions have representational and rational properties: emotions represent states of affairs; and they are rationally related to other mental representations, figure in rational explanations of behavior, and are open to rational assessment. Emotions also have a close relationship to a range of non-intentional phenomena: in typical cases, emotions involve physiological changes, usually associated with the activation of the autonomic nervous system, which are proprioceptively experienced; and they often involve behavioral tendencies, as well.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2552-9
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  • 100
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    Cognition, Semantics and Philosophy : Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on Cognitive Science (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401126106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 324 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Semantics ; Artificial intelligence ; Semiotics. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Animal Cognition and Human Cognition: A Necessary Dialogue -- I. Introduction -- II. Characterization of Comparative Cognition -- III. Cognitive Modules and Evolution -- IV. Two Goals of Comparative Research: General Processes and Evolutionary Sequences -- V. Consciousness and Cognition -- VI. Conclusions -- 2: User Modelling in Knowledge-Based Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. Situations of Interactive Communications -- III. The Content of the User Model -- IV. Characteristic Dimensions of a User’s Model -- V. Domain-Knowledge: Shallow Versus Deep Modelling -- VI. Modelling Intentions -- VII. Building a User’s Model -- VIII. Learner’s Model -- IX. Conclusion -- 3: Changing Beliefs Rationally: Some Puzzles -- I. Background -- II. A Justification of Generalized Conditionalisation -- III. The Judy Benjamin Problem -- IV. An Apparent Counterexample to Simple Conditionalisation -- V. The Three Prisoners -- VI. Judy Benjamin Again: The Strong Strategy -- VII. Independence -- 4: On the Representation of Linguistic Information -- I. Introduction -- II. The Modularity Hypothesis -- III. Grammar, Pragmatics and Modularity -- IV. Interdisciplinarity in the Analysis of Linguistic Information -- V. Disjunct Adverbials Pragmatically Oriented Towards the Speaker or Hearer -- VI. On The Representation of Disjunct Constituents: A Multidimentional Approach -- VII. Conclusions -- 5: Modelling Memory for Models -- I. Introduction -- II. Two Senses of “Model” -- III. Models in Working Memory -- IV. Representations for Syllogistic Reasoning -- V. Distributed Bindings and Syllogistic Reasoning -- 6: On The Study of Linguistic Performance -- I. A Proposal for “Cognitive Science” and A Specification of it -- II. Current Situation in Linguistic Performance Theory -- III. Some Issues Regarding Research Programs on Linguistic Performance -- IV. Appendix -- 7: Partiality and Coherence in Concept Combination -- I. Introduction -- II. Flexibility and Specificity -- III. Sense Selection -- IV. Sense Generation -- V. Partiality, Coherence and Concept Combination -- VI. Conclusions -- 8: The Labyrinth of Attitude Reports -- I. Mental States -- II. Semantic Contents -- III. Attitude Reports as Explanations -- IV. The Crimmins-Perry Theory -- V. Reports and Reporting -- VI. Two Kinds of Attitude Reports -- VII. Reporting and Explaining -- 9: Aunty’s Own Argument for the Language of Thought -- I. Introduction: Aunty and the Language of Thought -- II. The Threat of Regress -- III. First Stage: Systematic Cognitive Processes -- IV. First Stage: From System to Syntax -- V. Second Stage: The Structure of Thought -- VI. Second Stage: Concepts and Inference -- VII. Two Objections to the Second Stage -- VIII. Conceptualised Thought and the Connectionist Programme -- IX. An Invitation to Eliminativism? -- 10: Cognitive Science And Semantic Representations -- I. Cognitive and Other Sciences as Using Representations -- II. Natural and Rational Representations -- III. Sources of Variability in Representations -- IV. Use of Prescriptive Rules -- V. Description of Natural Representations -- VI. Token Representations, Long Term Memory Representations, and the Notion of Activation -- VII. Cross-Compatibility with Neurobiology and Artificial Intelligence -- VIII. Conclusion -- 11: Anchoring Conceptual Content: Scenarios And Perception -- I. Scenarios Introduced -- II. Scenarios: Consequences and Comparisons -- III. A Further Level of Content: An Application -- IV. Spatial Reasoning and Action.
    Abstract: THE PLACE OF PHILOSOPHY IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE During the last few years, many books have been published and many meetings have been held on Cognitive Science. A cursory review of their contents shows such a diversity of topics and approaches that one might well infer that there are no genuine criteria for classifying a paper or a lecture as a contribution to Cognitive Science. It is as though the only criterion is to have appeared in a book or in the programme of a meeting or title we can find the expression " . . . Cognitive Science" in whose name or something like that. Perhaps this situation is due to the (relative) youth of the field, which is seeking its own identity, still involved in a process of formation and consolidation within the scientific community; but there are actually deep disagreements about how a science of the mind should be worked out, including how to understand its own subject, that is, "the mind. "While for some the term makes reference to a set of phenomena impossible to grasp by any scientific approach, for others "the mind" would be a sort of myth, and the mental terms await elimination by other more handy and empirically tractable terms.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2610-6
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