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  • 2005-2009  (248)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (248)
  • OECD  (157)
  • Energy  (99)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Future of International Migration to OECD Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264064126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    DDC: 304.82
    RVK:
    MS 1560
    Keywords: OECD ; Prognose 2008-2030 ; Gesellschaft ; Migration ; Internationale Migration ; Pays de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques - Émigration et immigration - Aspect social ; Pays de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques - Émigration et immigration - Aspect économique ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Social aspects ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Prognose 2008-2030
    Abstract: This book explores the social, economic and environmental forces that may combine to attract migrants of various types and backgrounds to OECD countries, as well as those that may persuade migrants to leave their countries or to stay at home. By analyzing different pull and push factors and constructing five different scenarios of migration in the future, this volume casts light on major determinants of global migration flows, which OECD countries will look particularly attractive for migrants, where the pressures to migrate be especially strong and what kind of migration-related issues will policy makers likely be facing as 2030 approaches.--Publisher's description.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264064126-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    München BSB
    München UB
    Würzburg UB
    Regensburg UB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    BVB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Linking Mitigation Actions in Developing Countries with Mitigation Support : A Conceptual Framework (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/02
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: The Bali Action Plan introduced the notion of linking GHG mitigation action in developing countries with support for such action, in a "measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV)" manner. However, it does not specify the relationship or link that may be made between nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) in developing countries and mitigation support. It also remains unclear whether the MRV requirements apply to the link between NAMAs in developing countries and mitigation support, or to one or both of the separate elements. This paper suggests a number of elements for a possible conceptual framework to "link" mitigation actions with mitigation support, including practical considerations for how one might measure, report and verify progress, with a view to understanding the role for such a framework in a post-2012 agreement. The design of a successful and effective linking framework might aim to achieve a number of specific goals. On the action side, a key goal may be to integrate NAMAs in developing countries into national development plans and to address a significant mitigation opportunities. On the support side, important goals are perhaps cost-effectiveness and how to prioritise spending. For a linking framework to successfully address these issues, both actions and support would need to be measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV). Building on existing systems, a framework for MRV based on both the actual, possible or planned mitigation actions in developing countries as well as on current (public) mitigation support from developed countries could be a good starting point for further development of a linking framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k455r1485q4-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sectoral Market Mechanisms : Issues for Negotiation and Domestic Implementation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/05
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper reviews proposals for the design of sectoral and related market mechanisms that are being debated both in the UNFCCC negotiations and in different domestic legislative contexts. Decisions on the design and scope of the mechanisms in the UNFCCC negotiations would affect the future supply of credits, while developed countries’ legislations could influence demand. National actions to establish carbon markets may also constrain or enable international developments and options, as domestic policies may establish conditions or restrictions on the import of “international” offset credits or linkages with other national or regional carbon markets. The paper also addresses the possible principles and technical requirements that Parties may wish to consider, as the foundations for further elaboration of the mechanisms. Beyond principles, a number of elements of a more technical nature need to be sorted out to set up new market mechanisms, such as: eligibility for participation by developed countries, as buyers; technical definition of baselines, including guidance on a process to agree to baseline levels, and possible revisions; length of the crediting period and frequency of issuance of credits; new trading units and registries; and national authorities for the new mechanisms. In the case of trading, a compliance reserve and liability rules may be topics for discussion as well. The third issue explored by this paper is domestic implementation of sectoral market mechanisms by host countries, and how the transition between current and future mechanisms could be managed. Transition issues including the situation of existing CDM projects vis-à-vis broader crediting mechanisms and also sectoral trading must be clarified. Domestic policy implementation in developing countries is of paramount importance to ensure the effectiveness of possible new international market mechanisms. Several illustrations are offered to show how a mix of policies could be used to outperform a baseline to generate credits, and how credit revenues could be used to further support domestic policy implementation. Among the options discussed are subsidies to low-carbon technologies (e.g. feed-in tariffs), mandated performance standards, and an entity level baseline-and-crediting system.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k454d2srld2-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    National and Sectoral GHG Mitigation Potential : A Comparison Across Models (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/07
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Determining comparability of effort between mitigation actions and targets proposed by different countries is an ongoing issue for international climate negotiations. A number of indicators have been proposed to reflect comparability of effort and differences in national circumstances; key amongst these are greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (per capita), GDP per capita, as well as GHG mitigation potential. This paper focuses on mitigation potential to provide a comparative assessment between six OECD member economies: Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan, Mexico and the US. GHG mitigation potential is defined to be the level of GHG emission reductions that could be realised, relative to the projected emission baseline in a given year, for a given carbon price. Data for the selected countries were obtained across the time horizon of 2005-2050 from a total of 19 models, including models that are used to inform climate policy-makers in each of these economies. The paper examines the implications of model structure, and assesses how baseline scenarios vary between the models, before analysing the GHG mitigation potential estimates. GHG mitigation potential is compared for carbon prices of USD 20, 50 and 100/tCO2e. For an assumed carbon price of USD 50/tCO2e, mitigation potential in Japan is estimated to be relatively lower than for the other five economies, ranging from 5-20% emission reduction from baseline in 2020. Although noticeably fewer models report data for Mexico at this price level, the models show deeper potential reductions in the range of 25-37% at the same carbon price. Mitigation potential estimates for Australia, Canada and the US show a wider range of 14-39% reduction relative to 2020 baselines. The EU shows a relatively tighter range of 16-29% emission reductions to 2020. The results of this study show greater emission reduction potentials in the year 2050 than in the year 2020 across the six economies examined, reflecting structural and technical changes that occur over time, including the availability of carbon capture and storage from 2030. In general, the paper finds closer agreement across the models for mitigation potential in 2020 than for later years, reflecting greater uncertainty as projections extend into the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k453xgpqp9w-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sectoral Approaches and the Carbon Market (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/03
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Sectoral approaches are proposed as a means to broaden the global scope of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation to developing countries. Market mechanisms are put forward in that context to create incentives for mitigation in developing countries beyond the existing Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and to encourage mitigation at least possible cost. The introduction of new, sector-based, market mechanisms is only one of many proposals discussed by UNFCCC Parties in the context of a post-2012 international climate policy framework, as a possible means to support mitigation actions in developing countries. This paper considers the carbon market aspects of sectoral approaches to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in developing countries. It discusses three general ways to link sectoral goals with the carbon market: (i) intensity goals, based on a GHG performance per unit of output; (ii) fixed emission goals, with an ex-post issuance of credits or trading with an ex-ante allocation of allowances; and (iii) technology-based sectoral objectives. This paper explores the domestic policy implications of moving from a single project approach (i.e., CDM), to a multi-plant, sector-wide carbon market mechanism implied by sectoral crediting and trading. It also touches on possible transition issues, especially from intensity-based emission goals to fixed ones. The paper concludes that sector-based market mechanisms, regardless of the design option chosen, will require some significant upfront effort both nationally and internationally to set appropriate baselines and ensure adequate measurement, reporting and verification in order to generate economically valuable and environmentally-credible credits. Technology diffusion goals may be supported by other means than the carbon market if developing GHG baselines for such activities were too difficult. Sectoral approaches also imply some significant policy effort in countries that adhere to them, to ensure that the baselines are exceeded so that carbon market revenues are generated, and that these revenues represent effective incentives for entities to pursue GHG mitigation, wherever it is most cost-effective to do so.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k4559g5snzq-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reporting and Recording Post-2012 GHG Mitigation Commitments, Actions and Support (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/04
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The Bali Action Plan (BAP) indicated the importance of “measurable, reportable and verifiable” (MRV) greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation actions and commitments, as well as support for GHG mitigation actions, in the post-2012 climate framework. Negotiations underway for this framework have highlighted the benefits of, and interest in, expanding current MRV-related provisions, including to develop a more comprehensive and timely picture of countries’ mitigation efforts and support. Establishing some form of reporting or recording mechanism that could be used to centralise and track information on country mitigation actions, commitments and support could fill this gap. This mechanism could focus on current efforts, or also include information on future or planned efforts. Such a mechanism could take different forms, including a stand-alone electronic registry where actions (and potentially also commitments and support) could be reported ex post. Alternatively, information on actions and commitments could be recorded ex ante as an integral appendix of a post-2012 climate agreement. This paper explores the possible purposes, coverage and form of such a reporting/recording mechanism (subsequently referred to as a NAMAs registry); what information it could include in terms of actions, commitments and support; and the institutional implications of different design options. It thus focuses on the measurable and reportable components of MRV, rather than on verification.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k454d4z64br-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financing Climate Change Mitigation : Towards a Framework for Measurement, Reporting and Verification (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/06
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The current monitoring, reporting and review framework under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has a number of strengths and weaknesses. Weaknesses include inconsistent and/or incomplete self reporting of financial support; infrequent reporting; limited and incomplete information on multilateral development banks and other non-UNFCCC funds; lack of primary data on financial flows under KP mechanisms (CDM); and lack of verification procedures. This paper aims to facilitate a discussion about a possible framework to measure, report and verify (MRV) mitigation support. It considers the main pathways through which mitigation support to developing countries may flow as well as the availability and suitability of information in this area to provide a basis to measure, report and verify mitigation support. A strengthened framework for reporting could be developed and layered into the existing system, e.g. via National Communications. Data gaps and reporting frequency could be corrected through improvements in National Communication guidelines and the development of a common reporting format. The UNFCCC could also collaborate with other institutions to develop and draw on more standardised data from other sources and to assure that information across sources is comparable and publicly available. A key aspect would be to provide a monitoring system that covers not just public but also private finance in mitigation specific as well as mitigation relevant areas. The absence of verification procedures in the current UNFCCC monitoring and review system for mitigation support should also be addressed. The Convention does not lay out specific guidelines for the review of mitigation support reported in National Communications and reported information is not formally cross checked with alternative information sources. Parties could agree to the elaboration of guidelines for review and verification to help determine whether Parties have employed agreed methods for self assessment and reporting on technology transfer, capacity building and financing, and whether reporting is conducted in a transparent manner. In addition, standardised reporting by recipient countries about funds received, use and usefulness of funds could also be an important addition to provide information for verification with information on contributions to mitigation support.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k453xh6h4r6-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GHG Mitigation Actions : MRV Issues and Options (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/01
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The Bali Action Plan (BAP) language on “measurable, reportable and verifiable” (MRV) greenhouse gas mitigation actions and commitments for a post-2012 climate framework was introduced to apply both to developed countries’ greenhouse gas (GHG) commitments and actions (paragraph 1(b)(i) of the BAP), as well as to “nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building” (paragraph 1(b)(ii)). This paper provides an overview of current efforts to assess if GHG mitigation actions underway in different countries and regions are “measurable, reportable and verifiable”. The paper also assesses how such efforts could be improved, explores MRV options for different types of GHG mitigation actions, and highlights decision points needed to establish a post-2012 framework.Several different types of GHG mitigation actions and commitments have been proposed for the post-2012 period. Some of these - such as national-level GHG emission limits - are already being used, with countries therefore already gaining experience with implementing, monitoring, reporting (and potentially reviewing or verifying the effects of) such actions/commitments. The extent of this experience varies both by type of action/commitment, as well as by country and sector. In general, Annex I countries have significant experience with monitoring and reporting national emission levels (reflecting their reporting commitments under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol). However, official reporting on other GHG-mitigation actions occurs every few years in Annex I countries and only irregularly in non-Annex I countries. Thus, significant new guidance would be needed if post-2012 MRV provisions were to focus on GHG mitigation actions rather than GHG emission levels. In deciding a MRV framework, it will be important to consider measurement, reporting and verification issues separately (as for example some non-supported actions may be reported but not verified). A transition process may also be needed for some countries, in terms of what is to be subject to MRV provisions, and how M, R and V are to be carried out.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k4695890xd6-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cleaner Coal in China (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Energy ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China’s coal, mined locally and available at a relatively low cost, has brought enormous benefits to energy consumers in China and to those outside the country who enjoy the products of its coal-based economy. Yet from another perspective, China’s coal use has a high cost. Despite progress, health and safety in the thousands of small coal mines lag far behind the standards achieved in China’s modern, large mines. Environmental degradation is a real and pressing problem at all stages of coal production, supply and use. Adding to these burdens, emissions of carbon dioxide are of concern to the Chinese government as it embarks on its own climate protection strategy. Technology solutions are already transforming the way coal is used in China and elsewhere. This study explores the context in which the development and deployment of these technologies can be accelerated. Providing a large amount of new data, it describes in detail the situation in China as well as the experiences of other countries in making coal cleaner. Above all, the report calls for much greater levels of collaboration – existing bi-lateral and multi-lateral co-operation with China on coal is found lacking. China’s growing openness presents many commercial opportunities. Establishing a global market for cleaner coal technologies is key to unlocking the potential of technology – one of ten major recommendations made in this study.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264048164-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Portugal 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Portugal
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2009 review of Portugal's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Portugal has made considerable efforts to strengthen its energy policy since the last IEA in-depth review in 2004. A large number of IEA recommendations have been successfully implemented, including greater diversification of the energy mix and increased energy policy co-ordination. A new National Energy Strategy, published in October 2005, identified three principal means for meeting Portugal’s policy goals: the promotion of renewable energy, increased energy efficiency and competition in energy markets. Over a short period of time, Portugal has become a leader in terms of renewable energy development. Well-designed incentive mechanisms and the adoption of ambitious targets ensure hydro, wind and other technologies will continue to grow. The National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency was enacted in 2008, and Portugal aims to implement energy efficiency measures equivalent to 9.8% of total final energy consumption by 2015. This plan complements a well developed and co-ordinated climate change policy. Further steps have been taken towards the liberalisation of energy markets, including the innovative creation of a single operator for the transport of natural gas and electricity, natural gas storage and operation of the Sines LNG terminal. Still, a number of challenges remain. Energy markets are not as competitive as policy makers may have wished, and energy research and development policy coordination needs to be strengthened. This review provides sectoral critiques of existing policy and recommendations for further improvements. It is intended to serve as an indispensable guide for Portuguese policy makers as they travel along the path to a more sustainable energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060388-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clean Coal Technologies - Accelerating Commercial and Policy Drivers for Deployment (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Clean coal technologies (CCTs) have been developed and deployed to reduce the environmental impact of coal utilisation over the past 30 to 40 years. Initially, the focus was upon reducing emissions of particulates, SO2, NOX and mercury. The coal sector – producers, consumers and equipment suppliers – as well as governments and agencies in countries where coal is essential, have a long experience of stimulating clean coal technology deployment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077164-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Spain 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060364
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Spain
    Abstract: This review analyses the energy challenges facing Spain and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It finds that since the last IEA in-depth review in 2005, Spain has made significant progress in improving its energy policy. In Europe, the country is now leading in gas diversification and LNG development. Together with Portugal, it has set up the common Iberian electricity market, MIBEL, and has strong ambitions in developing it further. It has also become prominent in developing wind and solar energy technology, and succeeded in integrating large amounts of intermittent power in the electricity grid. Along with other IEA member countries, Spain has set ambitious climate and energy security targets. Achieving these will require a transition to a low-carbon economy. Spain will need to increase its efforts to reduce CO2 emissions, particularly in the transport but also the critical power sector. As fossil fuels still provide more than half of electricity,Spain will need to keep open all the options - including nuclear, renewables, and the technology of carbon capture and storage - for making its power sector less carbon-intensive. The country should also increase its efforts to limit peak electricity demand through energy efficiency. Spain has substantially de-regulated its electricity and gas tariffs, and developed a financial plan to end the large deficit that had built up under the previous tariff regime. Prices for many small electricity users, however, are still regulated and low enough to potentially distort the market. In addition, the still remaining subsidies for domestic coal production should be eliminated and replaced by direct social policy measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060364-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ensuring Environmental Compliance : Trends and Good Practices (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059597
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Faire respecter les normes environnementales ; Tendances et bonnes pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ensuring Environmental Compliance; Trends and Good Practices (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ensuring environmental compliance
    DDC: 363.7/0526
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation ; Information ; Kommunikation ; Implementation ; Effektivität ; Environment ; Governance ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Despite progress in recent years, there is growing evidence that OECD countries are not on track to reach some of their key environmental goals. This report examines the strategies and instruments that governments use to ensure compliance with pollution prevention and control regulations, particularly in the industrial sector. It compares the compliance assurance systems of six OECD countries – Finland, France, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States – as well as those of China and Russia. The report provides policy makers, environmental regulators, and other stakeholders with a comprehensive analysis of the design, management aspects, and the main elements of government compliance and enforcement programmes. Focusing on compliance promotion, compliance monitoring, and non-compliance response, it identifies and compares good practices, sets them in context of different countries’ regulatory cultures and highlights the key international trends.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059597-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
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    Aid Effectiveness : A Progress Report on Implementing the Paris Declaration (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050877
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Aid
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Efficacité de l'aide ; Rapport d'étape sur la mise en oeuvre de la Déclaration de Paris
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aid effectiveness
    RVK:
    QM 353
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsstrategie ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Internationale Kooperation ; Effektivität ; Development ; OECD ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Effizienz
    Abstract: The 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness defines the principles and commitments by which donors and developing countries intend to ensure that aid is as effective as possible in contributing to the Millennium Development Goals and other internationally agreed development objectives. This report is a mid-term review of progress towards these commitments, drawing on the 2008 Paris Declaration Monitoring Survey and the Evaluation Synthesis Report among many other sources. Part I highlights the main actionable lessons and messages emerging from the analysis of progress to date. Part II covers the commitments under the five Partnership Principles related to ownership, alignment, harmonisation, development results and mutual accountability, together with four subjects of critical relevance: sector perspectives, the role of civil society organisations, situations of fragility and conflict, and the changing aid architecture.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050877-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
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    Promoting Consumer Education : Trends, Policies and Good Practices (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060098
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting consumer education
    DDC: 381.33
    RVK:
    QR 460
    RVK:
    QW 300
    Keywords: Verbraucherpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Verbrauchererziehung ; Verbraucherschutz ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD
    Abstract: Consumers today are challenged by growing amounts of information and wider choices of products, requiring them to develop skills and knowledge for making good choices in complex markets. This publication examines the approaches that governments use to promote consumer education in OECD and some non-OECD countries, highlighting the policies and measures that have been particularly effective. It also analyses recent trends, the role of stakeholders, steps being taken to evaluate the effectiveness of current programmes and the principal challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060098-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
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    Chile Energy Policy Review 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Chile
    Abstract: Drawing on the experience of IEA member countries, this IEA review assesses Chile’s major energy challenges and provides recommendations. Six main themes emerge: the successful liberalisation of the power sector in the 1980s; the essential role played by the state in ensuring energy security; the re-formulation of Chile’s long-term energy policy; the proposed reorganisation of the institutional framework; greater independence for the system operators; and the need for a clear framework of regulation so that long-term investment decisions integrate social and environmental costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073159-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 17
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    Implementing Energy Efficiency Policies: are IEA Member Countries on Track? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075696
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Implementing energy efficiency policies 2009
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energieeinsparung ; Energiepolitik ; Welt ; Energy ; Bericht ; Internationale Energieagentur ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Energiepolitik ; Effizienz
    Abstract: This book presents 25 energy efficiency recommendations from the IEA which could, if implemented globally without delay, reduce global CO2 emissions by 8.2 gigatonnes per year by 2030 – equivalent to roughly two-times the amount of current EU CO2 emissions. This innovative book provides the first assessment of IEA member countries’ progress on implementing energy efficiency policy. Using a rigorous evaluation process, it finds that while these countries are implementing a full range of energy efficiency measures, their efforts fall short. Pressing energy, climate and financial challenges require even more energy efficiency policy action – particularly in the transport sector. To address this action gap, IEA member countries must urgently ramp up their energy efficiency policy efforts. The IEA and its member countries can play a critical role in promoting the Agency’s call for “Worldwide Implementation Now” (W.I.N.) of energy efficiency. What will it be? W.I.N or lose the opportunity?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075696-en
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  • 18
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    Rethinking e-Government Services : User-Centred Approaches (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059412
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking e-government services
    RVK:
    MF 7080
    Keywords: E-Government ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; E-Government
    Abstract: Expecting substantial savings and improved public services – a trend further accentuated by the financial and economic crisis beginning in 2008 – OECD countries have invested in the development of e-government services over the past 10-15 years. However, despite the initial exceptional take-up, governments later saw low adoption and low use of e-government services which are still far from satisfactory today. This report gives a broad description of the shift in governments' focus on e-government development – from a government-centric to a user-centric approach. It gives a comprehensive overview of challenges to user take-up of e-government services in OECD countries and of the different types of approaches to improving it. The monitoring and evaluation of user take-up are also discussed, including the existence of formal measurement frameworks. Good practices are presented to illustrate the different concrete approaches used by OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059412-en
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  • 19
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    Online Resource
    Energy Efficiency Indicators for Public Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264061996
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Electricity production is responsible for 32% of total global fossil fuel use, accounting for 132 EJ, and 41%, or 10.9 Gt of energy-related CO2 emissions. Improving the efficiency of electricity production therefore offers economic benefits and a significant opportunity for reducing dependence on fossil fuels, which helps to combat climate change and improve energy security.A set of indicators has been developed to analyse the energy efficiency of electricity production from fossil fuels on a global level and for a number of key countries and regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264061996-en
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  • 20
    Online Resource
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Luxembourg 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043428
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: The Inernational Energy Agency's periodic review of Luxembourg's energy policies and programmes. It analyses the energy challenges facing Luxembourg and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. Since the last review in 2004, Luxembourg has reformed its energy policies across all sectors, has fully liberalised its electricity and natural gas markets, and is actively participating in the development of the evolving Central West European regional electricity system. Luxembourg has also prepared a broad action plan on energy efficiency, improved the support system for renewable energy sources and revised taxes to mitigate climate change. The country’s energy policy in the coming decade will be shaped by the EU 2020 targets that call for substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and strong increases in renewable energy and energy efficiency. These targets will be hard to meet, given that roughly half of energy-related CO2 emissions come from transport fuel use by foreign truckers and motorists, and that Luxembourg’s potential for producing much more renewable energy is limited. Luxembourg is heavily dependent on oil. Although oil sources are well diversified by country of origin, more than 85% of oil stocks are held in neighbouring countries and often based on short-term leasing contracts. This leaves the country vulnerable to potential oil supply disruptions. Luxembourg should swiftly implement a plan to improve the security of oil supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043428-en
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  • 21
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    Online Resource
    Top of the Class : High Performers in Science in PISA 2006 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060777
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Top of the class
    DDC: 371.262
    RVK:
    DO 1250
    Keywords: Education ; PISA-Studie ; OECD ; Naturwissenschaften ; Unterricht ; Qualität
    Abstract: The rapidly growing demand for highly skilled workers has led to a global competition for talent. While basic competencies are important for the absorption of new technologies, high-level skills are critical for the creation of new knowledge, technologies and innovation. The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has taken an innovative approach to examining educational excellence, by directly assessing students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes and exploring how these relate to the characteristics of individual students, schools and education systems. Based on PISA survey results, this report examines who the highest performing students are, what the characteristics of the schools they attend are, to what extent they engage in science related activities outside of school, what their motivations and attitudes towards science are, and what their career intentions are.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060777-en
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  • 22
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    Flexible Policy for More and Better Jobs (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059528
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (189 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Flexible policy for more and better jobs
    RVK:
    QV 200
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: In today’s economic context, governments are required to take centre stage, helping workers to compete in the global market whilst also supporting employers so that they may retain jobs, increase productivity and offer better-quality employment at the local level. This book provides a new indicator for benchmarking labour-market policy, reviewing the flexibility available in its management throughout OECD countries. The research offers new evidence of the link between flexibility and employment outcomes. Concrete examples of how localities can harness greater flexibility to generate better economic and social outcomes are provided. The new style of management recommended in this book will be key to any national strategy for returning economies to prosperity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059528-en
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  • 23
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    Green at Fifteen? : How 15-Year-Olds Perform in Environmental Science and Geoscience in PISA 2006 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063600
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    RVK:
    DO 1250
    Keywords: Education ; OECD ; PISA-Studie
    Abstract: The OECD’s PISA 2006 assessment of the science competencies of 15-year-olds offers the first comprehensive and internationally comparative knowledge base of students’ knowledge about the environment and environment-related issues. Green at Fifteen? presents an analysis of this knowledge base, including information on the sources of students’ awareness of environmental science, their attitudes towards the environment and how these attitudes interrelate with their performance in environmental science.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063600-en
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  • 24
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    Online Resource
    Managing Aid : Practices of DAC Member Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062689
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Aid
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de l'aide ; Pratiques des pays membres du CAD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thioléron, Elisabeth Managing aid
    RVK:
    QM 353
    Keywords: Development ; OECD ; OECD Development Assistance Committee ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: Development co-operation donors are held accountable for the way they manage aid and the development results they achieve. They want to see more partner country ownership, greater use of partner country systems, and work better together. This involves decentralising responsibility, concentrating efforts, managing for results, creating new systems, changing staff profiles, and building capacity in donor and partner countries. This book outlines what individual donors are doing to fulfil their development co-operation ambitions and their part of the international agreements – reached in Paris in 2005 (Paris Declaration) and Accra in 2008 (Accra Agenda for Action) – to make aid more effective.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264062689-en
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  • 25
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    Online Resource
    Cities, Towns and Renewable Energy : Yes In My Front Yard (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cities, towns & renewable energy
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Stadt ; Energieversorgung ; Energieeinsparung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Stadtökologie ; Energieversorgung ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: Local governments have the power to influence the energy choices of their citizens. Many cities and towns have already encouraged energy efficiency measures. Even so, as demand for energy services continues to grow, the energy infrastructure that every city and town depends on will need to be expanded, upgraded or replaced. This provides the opportunity to increase the deployment of renewable energy technologies and decentralised energy systems, and hence gain the multi-benefits of increased energy security, climate change mitigation and sustainable development, but also the social benefits of reduced air pollution, such as improved health and employment. Many combinations of policies have been employed to stimulate local renewable energy development. These policies include: local governance by authority; providing resources; enabling private actors; leading by example; allowing self-governance. Mega-city mayors, down to small-town officials, have successfully introduced such policies, although these vary with location, local resources and population. Cities, Towns and Renewable Energy – “ Yes In My Front Yard “ includes several case studies chosen to illustrate how enhanced deployment of renewable energy projects can result, regardless of a community’s size or location. The goals of this report are to inspire city stakeholders by showing how renewable energy systems can benefit citizens and businesses, assist national governments to better appreciate the role that local municipalities might play in meeting national and international objectives, and help accelerate the necessary transition to a sustainable energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076884-en
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  • 26
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    OECD Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056527
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE pour renforcer l'intégrité dans les marchés publics
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. OECD OECD principles for integrity in public procurement
    DDC: 352.5/3
    RVK:
    QL 300
    Keywords: Government purchasing ; Governance ; OECD ; Integrität ; Öffentliche Beschaffung
    Abstract: The OECD Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement are a ground-breaking instrument that promotes good governance in the entire procurement cycle, from needs assessment to contract management. Based on acknowledged good practices in OECD and non-member countries, they represent a significant step forward. They provide guidance for the implementation of international legal instruments developed within the framework of the OECD, as well as other organisations such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organisation and the European Union. In addition to the Principles, this exhaustive publication includes a Checklist for implementing the framework throughout the entire public procurement cycle. It also gives a comprehensive map of risks that can help auditors prevent as well as detect fraud and corruption. Finally, it features a useful case study on Morocco, where a pilot application of the Principles was carried out. “The Checklist will help governments and agencies to develop more transparent, efficient procurement systems” -Nicolas Raigorodsky, Under-secretary of Transparency Policies, Anticorruption Office, Argentina “Public procurement is one of the most important public governance issues. Action is needed to ensure integrity by reducing bribery and corruption” -Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD “The general thrust and content of the document is commendable. Much of it tracks very closely to the United Nations Convention Against Corruption and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law” -Stuart Gilman, Head of the UN Global Programme Against Corruption and the Anticorruption Unit, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Principles de l'OECD pour renforcer l'intégrité dans les marchés publics
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056527-en
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  • 27
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    Réduction de la capacité de pêche : Bonnes pratiques en matière de plans de sortie de flotte (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059658
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reducing Fishing Capacity; Best Practices for Decommissioning Schemes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reducing Fishing Capacity: Best Practices for Decommissioning Schemes
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Fischereipolitik ; Fischerei ; Fischbestand ; Kapazitätsmanagement
    Abstract: Trop de bateaux de pêches à la poursuite de poissons devenus trop rares, c’est là le problème auquel sont confrontés de manière persistante de nombreux pays. Pour corriger ce déséquilibre les états ont souvent recours à des programmes de sortie de flotte afin d’adapter la capacité de pêche aux ressources halieutiques. Ce rapport propose les meilleurs moyens de concevoir et de mettre en œuvre ces plans de sortie de flotte. S’inspirant d’études de cas réalisées par les pays de l’OCDE et les pays tiers, il soumet aux gouvernants et aux gestionnaires des pêcheries une analyse détaillée des considérations économiques associés à ces plans.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Reducing fishing capacity : best practices for decommissioning schemes
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059658-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 28
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    Assessing Measures of Energy Efficiency Performance and their Application in Industry (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039544
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This paper explores different measures of energy efficiency performance (“MEEP”) and considers the importance of so-called boundary definitions when measuring energy performance, and how these affect the appropriateness of country comparisons to guide policy decisions. The paper also addresses the limitations of both energy intensity and technology diffusion indicators as measures of energy efficiency performance. A case study on Japan’s iron and steel industry illustrates the critical role of proper boundary definitions for a meaningful assessment of energy efficiency in industry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039544-en
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  • 29
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    Reducing Fishing Capacity : Best Practices for Decommissioning Schemes (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réduction de la capacité de pêche ; Bonnes pratiques en matière de plans de sortie de flotte
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Cox, Anthony Reducing fishing capacity
    RVK:
    QT 500
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; Produktionskapazität ; Fischschutz ; Fish populations ; Fisheries Economic aspects ; Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Fishes Conservation ; Agriculture and Food ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Fischereipolitik ; Fischerei ; Fischbestand ; Kapazitätsmanagement
    Abstract: Too many fishing vessels chasing too few fish is a persistent problem in many countries. To address this, governments often turn to vessel decommissioning schemes as a means of adjusting fishing capacity to match available fish resources. This report presents a set of best practice guidelines on the design and implementation of decommissioning schemes. By drawing on case studies of decommissioning schemes from OECD and non-OECD countries, it provides policy makers and fisheries managers with detailed analysis of the economic issues surrounding decommissioning schemes.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 111 - 116 , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Réduction de la capacité de pêche
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044418-en
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  • 30
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    Cement Technology Roadmap: Carbon Emissions Reductions up to 2050 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The cement energy technology roadmap outlines a possible transition path for the industry to make continued contributions towards a halving of global CO2 emissions by 2050. As part of this contribution, this roadmap estimates that the cement industry could reduce its direct emissions 18% from current levels by 2050. This roadmap is a first step. It is only attainable with a supportive policy framework, and appropriate financial resources invested over the long term.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088061-en
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  • 31
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    Technology Roadmap: Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This energy technology roadmap focuses on electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (EV/PHEV), presenting for the first time a detailed scenario for their evolution from annual production of a few thousand to over 100 million vehicles by 2050. It finds that the next decade is a key “make or break” period for EVs and PHEVs: governments, the automobile industry, electric utilities and other stakeholders must work together to roll out vehicles and infrastructure in a coordinated fashion, and ensure that the rapidly growing consumer market is ready to purchase them. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions to achieve the roadmap’s vision.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088177-en
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  • 32
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    Governing Regional Development Policy : The Use of Performance Indicators (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conduire les politiques de développement régional ; Les indicateurs de performance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Governing regional development policy
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Regional planning ; Regional planning Case studies ; Regional economics ; Regional economics Case studies ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Regionalpolitik ; Anreizsystem ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This report examines both the challenges and the opportunities associated with designing and using indicator systems as a tool for the governance of regional development policy. It draws on the experiences of a number of OECD countries and provides an in-depth look at the cases of Italy, the United Kingdom (England), the United States and the European Union. It builds on previous OECD work on the governance of regional development policy by extending lessons about contractual relations among levels of government to performance indicator systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056299-en
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  • 33
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    Managing Water for All : An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059498
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. De l'eau pour tous ; Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la tarification et le financement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. OECD Managing water for all
    DDC: 338.4/336361
    RVK:
    QT 600
    Keywords: Wasser ; Wasserversorgung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environmental impact charges / OECD countries / Statistics ; Water quality management / OECD countries / Finance ; Environment ; OECD ; Wasser ; Wasserversorgung ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: Water is a key prerequisite for human and economic development, and for maintaining ecosystems. However, billions of people lack access to water and sanitation services, mainly due to poor governance and inadequate investment and maintenance. This report, which emphasises the economic and financial aspects of water resources management and water service provision, the need for an integrated approach (including governance considerations) to address these complex policy challenges, and the importance of establishing a firm evidence base to support policy development and implementation, summarises the results of OECD work in this area.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: De l'eau pour tous
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059498-en
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  • 34
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    Managing Risk in Agriculture : A Holistic Approach (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestion des risques dans l'agriculture ; Une approche holistique
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Managing risk in agriculture
    RVK:
    ZB 91200
    Keywords: Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Landwirtschaft ; Risikomanagement ; Strategisches Management ; Agrarpolitik ; Konzeption
    Abstract: The sources of risk in agriculture are numerous and diverse, ranging from events related to climate and weather conditions to animal diseases; from changes in agriculture commodities prices to changes in fertilizer and other input prices; and from financial uncertainties to policy and regulatory risks. Agricultural risks are not independent, but rather are linked both to each other and as part of a system that includes all available instruments, strategies and policies designed to manage risk. A holistic approach is thus necessary. This book examines the current magnitude and characteristics of risk-related policies in agriculture and what is known about the quantitative size of agricultural risks. It looks at the on-farm, off-farm, and market instruments available to manage risk, and it explains how the holistic approach helps clarify the role of governments.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u. d. T.: Gestion des risques dans l'agriculture : une approache holistique
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075313-en
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  • 35
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    Building Transparent Tax Compliance by Banks (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Building transparent tax compliance by banks
    RVK:
    QL 410
    Keywords: Steuermoral ; Bank ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; OECD ; Steuerplanung ; Kreditwesen ; Governance ; Steuervermeidung ; Bank ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: This book analyses the role banks play in the provision of aggressive tax planning arrangements. It examines the nature of banking, the complex structured financing transactions developed by banks and how they are then used by both banks and their clients. It also explores the internal governance processes that banks use to manage tax risk and the prevention, detection and response strategies applied by different revenue bodies in responding to the challenges that banks pose. The book makes a number of recommendations for revenue bodies and identifies best practices for consideration by banks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067851-en
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  • 36
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    IEA Scoreboard 2009 : 35 Key Energy Trends over 35 Years (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Measuring and assessing how much has been done by member countries over the years to follow their underlying principles is not an easy task. Each country is unique in terms of economy, geography, climate, energy resources, etc. Taking into account some of these specificities, the IEA Scoreboard 2009 compares what has been achieved by member countries in diversifying their energy mix, in promoting non-fossil fuels and energy efficiency, in encouraging research and development, and, more generally, in creating a policy framework consistent with their shared policy goals. Since the IEA Scoreboard 2009 is published in conjunction with the 35th anniversary of the IEA, 35 themes, ranging from diversification to prices, show how IEA countries have performed in their efforts to attain energy security, environmental protection and economic growth. This book, which combines statistical rigour with easy access and readability, is an ideal resource for anyone who would like to have a quick overview of energy development in IEA member countries over the last 35 years. The publication also includes selected energy-related statistics for over 140 countries, economies and regions in the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063785-en
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  • 37
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    Transport Energy and CO2 : Moving towards Sustainability (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073173
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transport, energy and CO 2
    DDC: 628.5/32
    RVK:
    AR 27700
    Keywords: Verkehr ; Kraftstoff ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Energy ; OECD ; Verkehrspolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Car ownership is set to triple by 2050, trucking activity will double and air travel could increase fourfold. This book examines how to enable mobility without accelerating climate change. It finds that if we change the way we travel, adopt technologies to improve vehicle efficiency and shift to low-CO2 fuels, we can move onto a different pathway where transport CO2 emissions by 2050 are far below current levels, at costs that are lower than many assume. The report discusses the prospects for shifting more travel to the most efficient modes and reducing travel growth rates, improving vehicle fuel efficiency by up to 50% using cost-effective, incremental technologies, and moving toward electricity, hydrogen, and advanced biofuels to achieve a more secure and sustainable transport future. If governments implement strong policies to achieve this scenario, transport can play its role and dramatically reduce CO2 emissions by 2050.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073173-en
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  • 38
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    The Financing of Nuclear Power Plants (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le financement des centrales nucléaires
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The financing of nuclear power plants
    Keywords: Kernkraftwerk ; Finanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; OECD ; Kernkraftwerk ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: Many countries have recognised that greater use of nuclear power could play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. However, given the high capital cost and complexity of nuclear power plants, financing their construction often remains a challenge. This is especially true where such financing is left to the private sector in the context of competitive electricity markets. This study examines the financial risks involved in investing in a new nuclear power plant, how these can be mitigated, and how projects can be structured so that residual risks are taken by those best able to manage them. Given that expansion of nuclear power programmes will require strong and sustained government support, the study highlights the role of governments in facilitating and encouraging investment in new nuclear generating capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079229-en
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  • 39
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    Internet Access for Development (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Internet access for development
    RVK:
    QR 760
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Internet ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Entwicklungsländer ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Internet ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Kohärenz ; OECD ; Telekommunikationsmarkt ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: The Internet has been remarkably successful in developing greater opportunities for communication access - and economic growth and social development - for the first billion users. The majority of the next several billion users will be mainly from developing countries and will connect to the Internet principally via wireless networks. But there are substantial discrepancies in access to ICTs between developed and developing countries and also within countries, depending on factors such as gender, rural coverage, skills and educational levels. This book examines how the market for internet traffic exchange has evolved and explores the coherence of policies pursued by developed and developing countries. It notes the increasing innovation occurring in a number of developing countries with competitive markets and discusses how liberalisation has helped to expand of access networks and make ICT services increasingly affordable and available to the poor. The report also highlights the employment, micro-entrepreneurial and social development opportunities which have emerged as access levels have risen among low-income users. The study notes that gateway service monopolies - still in 70 countries - raise the prices for accessing international capacity and reduce the affordability of Internet access to business and end users.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056312-en
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  • 40
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    International Migration : The Human Face of Globalisation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107113 , 9789264055780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les migrations internationales ; Le visage humain de la mondialisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration; Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Keeley, Brian International migration
    RVK:
    MS 1560
    RVK:
    MS 3600
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Keywords: OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Welt ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Internationale Migration ; Geschichte ; Globalisierung ; Bedeutung ; Rolle ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Einwanderer ; Überweisung ; Braindrain ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Sozialer Indikator ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Globalisierung
    Abstract: About 190 million people around the world live outside their country of birth. These migrants bring energy, entrepreneurship and fresh ideas to our societies. But there are downsides: young migrants who fail in education, adults who don’t find work and, of course, unregulated migration. Such challenges can make migration a political lightning rod and a topic for angry debate. Drawing on the unique expertise of the OECD,this book moves beyond rhetoric to look at the realities of international migration today: Where do migrants come from and where do they go? How do governments manage migration? How well do migrants perform in education and in the workforce? And does migration help – or hinder – developing countries?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055780-en
    URL: Volltext
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    URL: Volltext
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    GBV
    KOBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 41
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    Evaluating and Rewarding the Quality of Teachers: International Practices (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034358
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluación y reconocimiento de la calidad de los docentes ; Prácticas internacionales
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Evaluating and rewarding the quality of teachers
    DDC: 371.12
    RVK:
    DN 7500
    RVK:
    DP 1760
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Vergütungssystem ; Performance-Messung ; Welt ; Teachers Rating of ; Teachers Salaries, etc ; Education ; OECD ; Lehrer ; Lehren ; Qualität ; Evaluation
    Abstract: Drawing on relevant international research, including information from experts’ presentations and papers given at the December 2008 Joint Conference between the OECD and the Government of Mexico, this book sets out good practice in the design and implementation of incentive systems for teachers. With this aim in mind, the book provides analysis and discussion of the design and implementation of incentive systems for teachers as well as guidance on what should be rewarded and how it should it be measured, who should be rewarded, how they should they be rewarded and how policies should be developed and implemented to ensure stakeholder engagement and commitment.
    Note: Literaturangaben
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034358-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 42
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    Empowering Variable Renewables Options for Flexible Electricity Systems (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077201
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: A number of renewable electricity technologies, such as wind, wave, tidal, solar, and run-of-river hydro share a characteristic that distinguishes them from conventional power plants: their output varies according to the availability of the resource. This is commonly perceived to be challenging at high shares, but there is no intrinsic, technical ceiling to variable renewables’ potential. Variability has to be looked at in the context of power system flexibility: if a power system is sufficiently flexible, in terms of power production, load management, interconnection and storage, the importance of the variability aspect is reduced.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077201-en
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  • 43
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    Technology Roadmap: Carbon Capture and Storage (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide capture and storage ; Energietechnik ; Finanzierung ; Gesetz ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Szenario ; Reduktion ; Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Internationale Kooperation ; Umweltpolitik ; Global Kohlendioxid-Abscheidung und -Lagerung ; Energietechnik ; Finanzierung ; Rechtliche Regelung ; Entwicklungsperspektive und -tendenz ; Szenario ; Reduzierung/Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Internationale umweltpolitische Zusammenarbeit ; Energy ; Erde
    Abstract: This energy technology roadmap on carbon capture and storage (CCS) identifies, for the first time, a detailed scenario for the technology’s growth from a handful of large-scale projects today to over three thousand projects by 2050. It finds that the next decade is a key “make or break” period for CCS; governments, industry and public stakeholders must act rapidly to demonstrate CCS at scale around the world in a variety of settings. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions that stakeholders will need to take to achieve the roadmap’s vision.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088122-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 44
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    Les migrations internationales : Le visage humain de la mondialisation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107120 , 9789264055803
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration; The Human Face of Globalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration; Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration: The Human Face of Globalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationale Migration: Die menschliche Seite der Globalisierung
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Globalisierung
    Abstract: À travers le monde, environ 190 millions de personnes vivent dans un autre pays que celui où elles sont nées. Ces migrants sont une source d’énergie, d’esprit d’entreprise et d’idées nouvelles pour nos sociétés. Il y a cependant des inconvénients : certains jeunes migrants sont en échec scolaire, certains adultes ne trouvent pas de travail et il existe bien sûr des flux migratoires non régulés. De tels défis peuvent faire des migrations un enjeu politique incontournable et une question très controversée. Cet ouvrage s’appuie sur l’expertise incomparable de l’OCDE pour dépasser les débats rhétoriques et examiner les réalités des migrations internationales d’aujourd’hui. D’où les migrants viennent-ils et où vont-ils ? Comment les gouvernements gèrent-ils les migrations ? Comment les migrants s’en sortent-ils à l’école et sur le marché du travail ? Et les migrations sont-elles un atout – ou un frein – pour les pays en développement ?
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: International migration : the human face of globalisation
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055803-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 45
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    Green Growth : Overcoming the Crisis and Beyond (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264083639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La croissance verte ; La crise et au-delà
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La croissance verte : La crise et au-delà
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Alternative ; Investition ; Umweltschutzmarkt ; Wirkung ; Auswirkung ; Beschäftigung ; Konjunkturpolitik ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Direktinvestition ; Umweltpolitik ; Innovation ; OECD-Länder Wirtschaftskrise ; Alternative ; Investition ; Umweltindustrie ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Beschäftigung ; Konjunkturprogramm ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Direktinvestition ; Umweltpolitik ; Innovation ; Environment
    Abstract: Within the context of sustainable development, natural resources and ecosystem services provided by the environment are essential to support economic growth social wellbeing, and human health. Inaction on key environmental challenges, such as climate change, could lead to severe economic consequences in the future. It is important that the measures governments are taking now to address the economic crisis are designed so that they support – and at least do not compromise – sustainable long-term, environmentally friendly growth in the future. This discussion paper highlights some of the measures governments are already taking to 'green' their approches to economic recovery, and some of the key issues they may wish to further consider going forward regarding the impact of these approaches on the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264083639-en
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  • 46
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    Technology Roadmap: Wind Energy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Windenergie ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkulation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Einstellung ; Akteur ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduktion ; Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Global Windkraft ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklungsperspektive und -tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Relation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Haltung von Akteuren zu Einzelfragen ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduzierung/Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Energy ; Erde
    Abstract: Wind energy is perhaps the most advanced of the “new” renewable energy technologies, but there is still much work to be done. This energy technology roadmap identifies the key tasks that must be undertaken in order to achieve a vision of over 2 000 GW of wind energy capacity by 2050. Governments, industry, research institutions and the wider energy sector will need to work together to achieve this goal.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088184-en
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  • 47
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Netherlands 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043404
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This comprehensive review analyses the energy challenges facing the Netherlands in 2008 and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It urges the government to provide policy continuity – such as in promotion regimes for renewable energy – to underpin a sustainable investment climate. It also highlights the need for closer co-ordination among national, regional and local authorities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043404-en
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  • 48
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    How Regions Grow : Trends and Analysis (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Régions et croissance ; Une analyse des tendances
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als How regions grow
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Regional differences within OECD countries are often greater than those between countries and much inequality remains. This report explores what generates growth at the regional level. Based on in-depth econometric modelling and analyses, this report reframes the debate on regional policy and development, emphasising that opportunities for growth exist in all regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039469-en
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  • 49
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    Politiques de soutien des biocarburants : une évaluation économique (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050167
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biofuel Support Policies; An Economic Assessment
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Les gouvernements de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, mais aussi de plusieurs pays non membres, s’emploient activement à promouvoir la production et la consommation de nouveaux carburants de transport issus de produits agricoles. Le rapport conclut qu’il existe d’autres solutions que les politiques actuelles de soutien des biocarburants qui permettraient aux gouvernements de réaliser plus efficacement leurs objectifs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050167-fr
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  • 50
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    Sectoral Approaches in Electricity : Building Bridges to a Safe Climate (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264068735
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Electricity accounts for more than 40 % of global energy-related CO2 emissions. This issue is most pressing for developing countries where growth in power demand is particularly high, fueling the risk of irreversible investment in CO2-intensive capacity, the so-called “carbon lock-in”. Sectoral Approaches in Electricity – Building Bridges to a Safe Climate shows how the international climate policy framework could effectively support a transition towards low-CO2 electricity systems in developing countries. Sectoral approaches are intended to address sectors that require urgent actions, without waiting for countries to take nation-wide commitments. Earlier IEA publications have extensively reviewed developed countries’ efforts to steer generation away from carbon-intensive production modes, from dedicated support to low-carbon technologies to, increasingly, the reliance on CO2 pricing via emissions trading. Following the same logic, there are proposals seeking to use the international carbon market to drive changes at sectoral level in developing countries. This publication illustrates the pros and cons of such an approach in a few key emerging economies. It also asks how international climate policy could support and enhance ongoing efforts on end-use energy efficiency - an essential piece of the climate change/electricity puzzle.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264068735-en
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  • 51
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076129
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trans-border urban co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Ostasien ; Gelbes Meer ; Internationale Kooperation ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Soziokultureller Wandel ; Transnationale Politik ; Bericht ; OECD
    Abstract: The Pan Yellow Sea Region (PYSR) covers the coasts of Northern China (Bohai Rim), western and southern Korea and south-western Japan (Kyushu). It has been one of the fastest growing economic zones in East Asia since China’s opening in the early 1990s, thanks to the region’s extensive manufacturing and transportation networks. Development has been driven by cities such as Dalian, Qingdao and Tianjin in China, Busan and Incheon in Korea, and Fukuoka and Kitakyushu in Japan. However, the PYSR has yet not fully utilised its assets nor reached its potential for growth. Further economic integration has been hindered by excessive competition and inadequate co-operation within the region. The regional transportation system requires structural changes to be integrated, especially in the container transportation market. Deepening the region’s social and cultural network remains a challenge. And environmental concerns are increasingly attracting attention. This report analyses these factors and assesses a wide range of policies to improve the PYSR’s competitiveness and integration. In particular, the report examines the PYSR’s trans-border governance system, which has emerged since the 1990s as a key regional policy agenda. The harmonisation of authorities within the region is a prerequisite to achieving economic success and addressing the PYSR’s diverse challenges. A comparative analysis of trans-border cooperation in OECD countries in Europe and North America is also included in an annex. This report will be of special interest to policy makers, researchers, NGOs and others active in trans-border development or Asian economic development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076129-en
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  • 52
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    The Political Economy of Reform : Lessons from Pensions, Product Markets and Labour Markets in Ten OECD Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073111
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (498 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie politique de la réforme ; Retraites, emplois et déréglementation dans dix pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tompson, William The political economy of reform
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    RVK:
    MF 9100
    Keywords: Rentenreform ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Deregulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; OECD ; Rentenreform ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Deregulierung
    Abstract: This report examines why some policy reforms get implemented and others languish by examining 20 structural reform efforts in 10 OECD countries over the past two decades. The case studies cover a wide variety of reform attempts in three key areas: pensions, labour- and product-market regulation. Key factors in the political, economic and reform-specific arenas are identified as helping or hindering reform, and these findings are cross-checked using a relatively simple set of Spearman rank correlations. The report’s two-pronged analytical approach – quantitative and qualitative – results in unique insights for policy makers designing, adopting and implementing structural policy reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073111-en
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  • 53
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    Gadgets and Gigawatts : Policies for Energy Efficient Electronics (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059542
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: By 2010 there will be over 3.5 billion mobile phones subscribers, 2 billion TVs in use around the world and 1 billion personal computers.This book examines how "smart" this equipment is from an energy efficiency perspective and what the potential is for energy savings. It includes a global assessment of the changing pattern in residential electricity consumption over the past decade and an in-depth analysis of the role played by electronic equipment. It reviews the influence that government policies have had on creating markets for more energy efficient appliances and identifies new opportunities for creating smarter, more energy efficient homes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059542-en
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  • 54
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    Cogeneration and District Energy : Sustainable energy technologies for today... and tomorrow (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Combined heat and power and district heating and cooling (DHC) represent a series of proven, reliable and cost-effective technologies that are already making an important contribution to meeting global heat and electricity demand.This report follows the March 2008 report that hightlighted the energy, economic and environmental benefits of CHP and DHC (IEA, 2008). That report also provides a technical introduction to CHP/DHC and describes its global status and potential.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077171-en
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  • 55
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    Innovation and Growth : Chasing a Moving Frontier (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073975
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation and growth
    RVK:
    QR 000
    Keywords: Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Forschung ; Entwicklung ; Innovation ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Entwicklungsländer ; Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: Innovation is crucial to long-term economic growth, even more so in the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis. In this volume, the OECD and the World Bank jointly take stock of how globalisation is posing new challenges for innovation and growth in both developed and developing countries, and how countries are coping with them. The authors discuss options for policy initiatives that can foster technological innovation in the pursuit of faster and sustainable growth. The various chapters highlight how the emergence of an integrated global market affects the impact of national innovation policy. What seemed like effective innovation strategies (e.g. policies designed to strengthen the R&D capacity of domestic firms) are no longer sufficient for effective catch-up. The more open and global nature of innovation makes innovation policies more difficult to design and implement at the national scale alone. These challenges are further complicated by new phenomena, such as global value chains and the fragmentation of production, the growing role of global corporations, and the ICT revolution. Where and why a global corporation chooses to anchor its production affects the playing field for OECD and developing economies alike. Selected as a 2009 Notable Document by the American Library Association Government Documents Round Table.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073975-en
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  • 56
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    Taxation of SMEs : Key Issues and Policy Considerations (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024748
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (147 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.18
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Taxation of SMEs
    RVK:
    QL 641
    RVK:
    PP 8080
    Keywords: KMU ; Unternehmensbesteuerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Steuerrecht ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; OECD
    Abstract: This report covers a broad range of SME taxation issues, including possible effects of taxation on the creation and growth of SMEs, and considerations arising from a relatively high compliance burden. Differing income tax and social security contribution burdens of unincorporated and incorporated SMEs are considered in detail, with analysis of average statutory tax rates carried out to investigate possible tax distortions to business creation and business structure decisions of a single worker/owner of an SME. Various arguments are presented for and against the targeting of tax incentives at SMEs. Country examples of SME tax incentives and compliance cost reduction measures are provided in the report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024748-en
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    Doing Better for Children (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Doing better for children
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurer le bien-être des enfants
    DDC: 305.23091722
    RVK:
    DV 3000
    Keywords: Kinder ; OECD-Staaten ; Electronic books ; Graue Literatur ; Electronic books ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Kind
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059344-en
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    Higher Education to 2030, Volume 2, Globalisation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'enseignement supérieur à l'horizon 2030 -- Volume 2 ; Mondialisation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Higher education to 2030 ; Vol. 2: Globalisation
    DDC: 378.00112
    RVK:
    AL 19900
    RVK:
    AL 43900
    RVK:
    QX 850
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Globalisierung ; Studium ; Auslandsaufenthalt ; Forschungskooperation ; Hochschulpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Hochschule ; Globalisierung ; Studium ; Auslandsaufenthalt ; OECD
    Abstract: Growing flows of knowledge, people and financing cross national borders and feed both worldwide collaboration and competition. These effects of globalisation increasingly impact higher education. How then might the future higher education scene look at the global level? What are the challenges and opportunities brought by globalisation? How can countries and institutions best cope with and benefit from future changes? Through both quantitative and qualitative analysis, this book provides a comprehensive and structured look at these essential questions. It explores the topic of cross-border higher education in terms of student, faculty and institutional mobility, providing a specific focus on academic research. Other issues addressed include higher education provision, financing, governance and quality assurance, with an emphasis on the use of market-like mechanisms. The book covers most OECD countries as well as many non-OECD countries and offers the reader specific reflections on China, India and European co-operation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075375-en
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  • 59
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    Energy Technology Transitions for Industry : Strategies for the Next Industrial Revolution (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264068612
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy technology transitions for industry
    DDC: 333.7965
    RVK:
    ZP 4500
    Keywords: Energietechnik ; Industrie ; Energiekonsum ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Energy ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energieverbrauch ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: Industry accounts for one-third of global energy use and almost 40% of worldwide CO2 emissions. Achieving substantial emissions reduction in the future will require urgent action from industry. What are the likely future trends in energy use and CO2 emissions from industry? What impact could the application of best available technologies have on these trends? Which new technologies are needed if these sectors are to fully play their role in a more secure and sustainable energy future? Energy Technology Transitions for Industry addresses these questions through detailed sectoral and regional analyses, building on the insights of crucial IEA findings, such as Energy Technology Perspectives 2008: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050. It contains new indicators and methodologies as well as scenario results for the following sectors: iron and steel, cement, chemicals, pulp and paper and aluminium sectors. The report discusses the prospects for new low-carbon technologies and outlines potential technology transition paths for the most important industrial sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264068612-en
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  • 60
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    Conducting sustainability assessments (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264047266 , 9789262138305
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD sustainable development studies
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Conducting sustainability assessments
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Conducting sustainability assessments
    RVK:
    AR 14100
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: OECD ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Umweltfaktor ; Einflussgröße ; Interesse ; Politik ; Beurteilung ; Abschätzung ; Richtlinie ; Regel ; OECD-Länder Sozioökonomische Entwicklung ; Umweltfaktoren ; Wirtschaftliche Faktoren ; Politische Faktoren ; Einschätzung/Abschätzung ; Richtlinien/Regeln ; Dauerhafte Entwicklung ; Steuerung/Regulierung Strategie ; Modell (theoretisch) ; Kosten-Nutzen-Relation ; Folgenabschätzung ; Vergleichende Analyse ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Nachhaltigkeit
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264047266-en
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  • 61
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    Energy in the Western Balkans : The Path to Reform and Reconstruction (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy in the Western Balkans
    RVK:
    QG 490
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Südosteuropa ; Albanien ; Bosnien-Herzegowina ; Kroatien ; Nordmazedonien ; Montenegro ; Serbien ; Kosovo ; Economic development Albania ; Economic development Former Yugoslav republics ; Energy policy Balkan Peninsula ; Power resources Balkan Peninsula ; Power resources Balkan Peninsula ; Statistics ; Energy ; Balkan Peninsula Economic conditions ; Südosteuropa ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energiebilanz ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: The Western Balkans – composed of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo – is a complex region facing significant energy challenges. This is the first comprehensive review of energy policies and strategies in the Western Balkan region, and also covers important cross-cutting topics such as co-operation and energy trade, oil and gas transportation, and the links between energy and poverty. It identifies and assesses the reforms that are still needed to deliver efficient, modernised energy systems that can assist economic development, address energy poverty and reduce the environmental impacts of energy use.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042193-en
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    More than just jobs : workforce development in a skills-based economy (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. More than just jobs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als More than just jobs
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Australien ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; USA ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043282-en
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  • 63
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    Growing Unequal? : Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités ; Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mehr Ungleichheit trotz Wachstum?; Einkommensverteilung und Armut in OECD-Ländern
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités : Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mehr Ungleichheit trotz Wachstum?: Einkommensverteilung und Armut in OECD-Ländern
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Growing unequal?
    DDC: 339.2/2
    RVK:
    QX 040
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Armut ; Sozialpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Einkommensverteilung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Armut
    Abstract: Growing Unequal? brings together a range of analyses on the distribution of economic resources in OECD countries. The evidence on income distribution and poverty covers, for the first time, all 30 OECD countries in the mid-2000s, while information on trends extending back to the mid-1980s is provided for around two-thirds of the countries. The report also describes inequalities in a range of domains (such as household wealth, consumption patterns, in-kind public services) that are typically excluded from conventional discussion about the distribution of economic resources among individuals and households. The report provides evidence of a fairly generalised increase in income inequality over the past two decades across the OECD, but the timing, intensity and causes of the increase differ from what is typically suggested in the media. Precisely how much inequality there is in a society is not determined randomly, nor is it beyond the power of governments to change, so long as they take note of the sort of up-to-date evidence included in this report. This report includes StatLinks, URLs linking tables and graphs in the book to Excel® spreadsheets containing the data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044197-en
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    More Than Just Jobs : Workforce Development in a Skills-Based Economy (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als More than just jobs
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Australien ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: "Job placement” has been the traditional goal of labour and employment policies, but this report argues otherwise. To stay competitive in a globalised economy, governments must also strive to enhance the skills of workers, increase their productivity and provide upward mobility to immigrants and the disadvantaged. This report provides valuable insights into how labour policies can be expanded to meet economic development and social cohesion goals, while also reconciling national and local concerns. Studies from seven OECD countries are presented (Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States), each analysing attempts to expand workforce development policies and bridge the gap between national and local initiatives. Included are various types of government/private sector partnerships in the United States, regional training in France and Australia’s efforts to customise policies to local needs. Based on the country studies, the report then makes specific recommendations and suggestions on how workforce development policies can be expanded and improved.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043282-en
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    Public-Private Partnerships : In Pursuit of Risk Sharing and Value for Money (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264046733
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les partenariats public-privé ; Partager les risques et optimiser les ressources
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public-private partnerships
    DDC: 658.4058
    RVK:
    QR 420
    Keywords: Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Public Private Partnership ; OECD
    Abstract: The debate about how to achieve value for money in the delivery of government services is ongoing. Increasingly, public services are being produced, procured and delivered to citizens by public-private partnerships. This book highlights ten good practices, summarising what countries should consider before entering into public-private partnerships (PPPs). These include affordability, value for money, budget scoring and accounting treatment, dealing with liabilities (contingent or explicit), and regulatory and institutional governance issues. The book also discusses the important questions of risk – both financial and political – and of how to measure the performance of a public-private partnership to ensure its continued value to society. Drawing upon country examples within and outside the OECD area, this book will help governments and the public to come to grips with this complex mechanism and its impact on public finances as well as on the definition of the boundaries between the state and the market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046733-en
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    Promoting Energy Efficiency Investments : Case Studies in the Residential Sector (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting energy efficiency investments
    RVK:
    QR 530
    RVK:
    QY 500
    Keywords: Energieeinsparung ; Energiesparendes Bauen ; Welt ; Energiepolitik ; Gebäude ; Effektivität ; Förderung ; Unterstützung ; Energy ; Erde ; OECD ; Wohnungsbauförderung ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: Existing buildings are responsible for over 40% of the world’s total primary energy consumption. An impressive amount of energy could be saved simply by applying energy-efficient technologies. Yet, various market barriers inhibit energy efficiency improvements in existing buildings and result in energy savings that are significantly lower than potentials. This publication provides illustrations of policies and measures implemented in five IEA member countries and the European Union. Each case includes relevant background and contextual information, as well as a detailed evaluation of each policy according to five pre-defined criteria: relevance, effectiveness, flexibility, clarity and sustainability.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042155-en
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    The internationalisation of business R&D : evidence, impacts and implications (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264044043 , 9264044051
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The Internationalisation of Business R&D
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The internationalisation of business R&D
    RVK:
    QM 355
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Keywords: OECD ; Forschung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Auslandsinvestition ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Innovationsförderung ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Länder Forschung und Entwicklung ; Wissensbasierte Wirtschaft ; Innovationspolitik ; Internationalisierung ; Wirtschaftsunternehmen ; Globalisierung ; Multinationales Unternehmen Direktinvestition ; Aufstrebende Märkte ; Wertschöpfungskette ; Kosten/Aufwand ; Risiken ; Internationale wissenschaftlich-technische Kommunikation ; Internationale wissenschaftlich-technologische Zusammenarbeit ; Internationale Mobilität von Wissenschaftlern ; Konferenzschrift ; Unternehmen ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Offshoring ; Internationalisierung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044050-en
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    OECD Framework for the Evaluation of SME and Entrepreneurship Policies and Programmes (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD framework for the evaluation of SME and entrepreneurship policies and programmes
    RVK:
    QR 380
    Keywords: KMU ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Gewerbepolitik
    Abstract: This Framework provides policy makers with a practical and accessible guide to best practice evaluation methods for SME and entrepreneurship policies and programmes. It uses case studies from a wide range of OECD countries to examine the benefits of evaluation and how best to address common issues that arise when commissioning and undertaking SME and entrepreneurship evaluations. Key evaluation principles are set out, including the ‘Six Steps to Heaven’ approach. These principles are illustrated with examples of evaluations of national, regional and local programmes that can be explored further by the reader. The publication focuses not only on the evaluation of individual policies and programmes, but also on peer review evaluations and assessment of the impact of SMEs and entrepreneurship of mainstream programmes that do not have business development as their principal aim. This book complements other existing guidelines, as it focusses particularly on problem situations and exceptions to the general rules.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040090-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: This review takes an in-depth look at the energy challenges facing Japan today and provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements to help guide the country towards a more sustainable energy future. Declaring climate change and environment as a top priority of the 2008 G8 Summit in Hokkaido, host country Japan has demonstrated its commitment to pressing ahead in these domains. Already a world leader in advancing energy technology transfer and environmental policy, the country is determined to further improve its domestic policies, moving it towards a more sustainable and secure energy pathway for the long term. Along with other accomplishments, government support for energy R&D is very strong and policies to enhance the efficiency of appliances – both for domestic consumption and export – are models for other countries. Yet there is still room for progress. Most importantly, a greater reliance on market forces throughout the system could lead customers to choices that enhance security, raise economic efficiency and promote environmental protection. Particularly with respect to climate change goals – Japan is the world’s fifth-largest greenhouse gas emitter – strengthening the value on greenhouse gas emissions would help give consumers the appropriate signals they need to make the right choices. Enhancing energy savings through efforts aimed at particular sectors (sectoral approaches) could be a part of the overall policy mix, along with ongoing leadership in promoting energy efficiency. The government should continue to work to complement existing voluntary instruments with stronger ones, including ones that rely more on market incentives, and standards and requirements.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043367-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Sweden
    Abstract: Sweden is one of the leading IEA countries in the use of renewable energy. As Sweden plans to further increase the use of renewable energy, it is crucial that these supplies are produced and used in the most sustainable manner for the environment and the economy as a whole. With regard to CO2 emissions, more can be done in all sectors, but as transport is the largest polluter and its emissions are increasing, it is the logical focus for Sweden’s efforts to reduce emissions further. This is a significant challenge. Nuclear provides almost half of the electricity in Sweden, at a low cost and without CO2 emissions. But the future of nuclear power in the national power mix is still uncertain, and Sweden will need to resolve the ambiguity about the future of nuclear power in the country. This review analyses the energy challenges facing Sweden and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It is intended to provide input to Swedish energy policy makers to help them identify a path towards a more sustainable energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043343-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Finland 2007 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030725
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Finland
    Abstract: This book takes an in-depth look at Finland’s energy policy today and, through comparisons with good examples in other IEA countries, provides critiques and recommendations for improvements to guide the country towards a sustainable energy future. While the review provides comprehensive coverage of all topics, this thematic report highlights energy efficiency and energy R&D.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030725-en
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    Costs of Inaction on Key Environmental Challenges (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264045828
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coûts de l'inaction sur des défis environnementaux importants
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: OECD ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltpolitik ; Soziale Kosten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Regulierung ; Aufwendung ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Environment ; Umweltschaden ; Kosten ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Countries today face numerous environmental policy challenges, such as climate change, air and water pollution, natural-resource management, natural disasters and environment-related hazards. The costs of not responding to them can be considerable, in some cases representing a significant drag on OECD economies. Estimation of these costs can be an important part of identifying areas in which policy interventions are required, as well as of establishing priorities for future action. There is, however, considerable uncertainty associated with all stages of “costing” the impacts of environmental and resource degradation. Even when the costs of inaction are deemed important, identifying the areas where environmental policies need to be strengthened still requires careful comparison between the marginal costs of inaction versus action. This report provides introductory perspectives on the costs of inaction and discusses some of the future problems likely to be encountered in this very complex area.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264045828-en
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    IEA Energy Policies Review: The European Union 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043381
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. IEA energy policies review. The European Union ; 2008
    Keywords: Energy ; European Union ; Europäische Union ; Energiepolitik ; Geschichte 2008
    Abstract: For the first time, the IEA has reviewed the energy policies of the European Union which shape the energy use of almost 500 million citizens in 27 EU member countries. A unique entity governed under complex and almost constantly evolving structures, the EU constitutes a challenge for energy policy makers. Its energy policy has a global impact, not only because of its 16% share of world energy demand, but also because of the EU leadership in addressing climate change. Strong policy drives are underway in the EU to achieve the completion of the internal energy market, increase renewable energy supply, reduce CO2 emissions and make the EU more energy-efficient. Concerns about security of supply have also led to a greater focus on improved energy relations with supplier countries, and new institutional structures are being put in place. How much progress has been made in the field of security, internal market and external energy policies? And in which of these areas has the EU already implemented a fully integrated policy? IEA Energy Policies Review: The European Union - 2008 addresses these questions and also analyses the impact of the most recent major EU policy measures, in particular the Energy & Climate Package of January 2008 and the 3rd Liberalisation Package of September 2007. This book finds that both of these proposals are highly ambitious. But implementing them and reviewing both volume and allocation of energy R&D will be necessary to achieve a sustainable energy future in a fully competitive integrated EU energy market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043381-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Austria 2007 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Austria
    Abstract: This review thoroughly analyses Austrian energy policy and identifies the key challenges that need to be addressed. With recommendations for improvements, it is an important guide for Austrian policy makers toward a safer and cleaner energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030770-en
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    Promoting energy efficiency investments (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264042148 , 9264042156
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Promoting energy efficiency investments
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting energy efficiency investments
    RVK:
    QR 530
    RVK:
    QY 500
    Keywords: Energieeinsparung ; Energiesparendes Bauen ; Welt ; Energiepolitik ; Gebäude ; Effektivität ; Förderung ; Unterstützung ; Erde ; OECD ; Wohnungsbauförderung ; Energieeinsparung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042155-en
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  • 76
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United States 2007 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; United States
    Abstract: The United States is the largest economy and energy user in the world. Significant developments have taken place in its energy policy since the last IEA review in 2002. Most important is the Energy Policy Act 2005 – a comprehensive energy legislation which has set new directions, including opening the way for a nuclear renaissance. Two closely connected challenges shape all debates on the nation’s energy policy path: how to increase security by reducing the dependence on imported supplies; and how to address growing emissions of greenhouse gases. This review takes an in-depth look at these issues and provides recommendations on how the United States can do more to answer the challenges of both improving its security of energy supply and lowering its emissions intensity, demonstrating the significant improvements that can already be realised through existing technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030749-en
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  • 77
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    Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) : Electricité, eau et transports : quelles politiques ? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031340
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (586 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2); Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2): Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Les réseaux d’infrastructure jouent un rôle vital dans le développement économique et social. La demande d’infrastructures est appelée à sensiblement augmenter dans les décennies à venir, sous l’impulsion de facteurs majeurs de changement comme la croissance économique mondiale, le progrès technologique, le changement climatique, l’urbanisation et l’aggravation de la congestion. Les défis à relever sont multiples. Dans les pays de l’OCDE, de nombreux éléments de réseaux d’infrastructure connaissent un vieillissement rapide, les budgets publics sont de plus en plus serrés et le financement de l’infrastructure devient de plus en plus complexe. Cette publication évalue la viabilité future des modèles économiques actuels dans cinq secteurs infrastructurels : électricité, eau, transport ferroviaire de marchandises, transports collectifs urbains et transport routier. Elle propose des recommandations pratiques visant à renforcer les capacités afin de répondre aux besoins futurs d’infrastructures, notamment des mesures qui pourraient être prises par les gouvernements tant collectivement qu’individuellement pour mettre en place des cadres institutionnels, politiques et réglementaires plus favorables.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031340-fr
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  • 78
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    Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in a Global Market (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les prix des médicaments sur un marché global ; Politiques et enjeux
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in a Global Market; (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pharmaceutical pricing policies in a global market
    DDC: 338.436151
    RVK:
    QR 525
    RVK:
    QX 740
    Keywords: Pharmaindustrie ; Arzneimittelmarkt ; Preisregulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Pharmazeutische Industrie ; Preispolitik ; Arzneimittelpreis ; Kostenerstattung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Pharmaceutical policy making raises particular challenges in reconciling key objectives for health policy, such as ensuring affordable access to the latest effective drugs, with other important policy considerations, such as providing support to a valuable national industry. Unusually among health policy issues, it also raises international considerations that further complicate decision making, particularly as the nature and extent of such considerations are not well understood. This report assesses how pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies have contributed to the achievement of certain health policy objectives. It examines the national and transnational effects of these policies, in particular, their implications for the availability of medicines in other countries, the prices of these medicines, and innovation in the pharmaceutical sector. This publication presents an analysis of comparative price levels, making use of a unique dataset to construct the most comprehensive pan-OECD pharmaceutical price index to date. It also draws upon original case studies of pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies in six OECD countries to provide specific examples of the impacts of policies on health system performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044159-en
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  • 79
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    Market Competition in the Nuclear Industry (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264054073
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La concurrence sur les marchés de l'industrie nucléaire
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Market competition in the nuclear industry
    Keywords: Nuklearindustrie ; Wettbewerb ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Nuclear Energy ; Forschungsbericht ; Forschungsbericht ; OECD ; Kernenergiewirtschaft ; Internationaler Wettbewerb
    Abstract: Nuclear power plants require a wide variety of specialised equipment, materials and services for their construction, operation and fuelling. There has been much consolidation and retrenchment in the nuclear industry since the 1980s, with the emergence of some large global nuclear companies. Electricity market liberalisation in many OECD countries has meanwhile placed nuclear plant operators under increased competitive pressure. These structural changes in both the producer and consumer sides of the nuclear industry have had implications for the level of competition in the nuclear engineering and fuel cycle markets. With renewed expansion of nuclear power now anticipated, this study examines competition in the major nuclear industry sectors at present, and how this may change with a significant upturn in demand.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264054073-en
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  • 80
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    Financial Management of Large-Scale Catastrophes (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264041516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Financial management of large-scale catastrophes
    DDC: 363.34
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Katastrophe ; Finanzierung ; Humanitäre Hilfe ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Naturkatastrophe ; Katastrophenhilfe ; Finanzierung ; Finanzmanagement
    Abstract: Dramatic events, such as the earthquake that struck China’s Sichuan Province in 2008 and the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 2005, have brought the financial management of catastrophic risks once again to the forefront of the public policy agenda globally. To address these issues and develop sound policies, the OECD has established an International Network on the Financial Management of Large-Scale Catastrophes. This publication supports the ongoing activities of the Network. This book contains three reports focusing on different institutional approaches to the financial management of large-scale catastrophes in selected OECD and non-OECD countries, the role of risk mitigation and insurance in reducing the impact of natural disasters, and the importance of strategic leadership in the management of non-conventional crises.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264041516-en
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  • 81
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    The Looming Crisis in the Health Workforce : How Can OECD Countries Respond? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les personnels de santé dans les pays de l'OCDE ; Comment répondre à la crise imminente ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The looming crisis in the health workforce
    DDC: 331.1
    RVK:
    QV 200
    Keywords: Gesundheitsberufe ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Medizinisches Personal ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: In a world which is already characterised by significant international migration of health workers, OECD countries face a challenge in responding to the growing demand for doctors and nurses over the next 20 years. This book provides new information on the migration of health workers and migration policies and identifies possible ways forward. It is the main outcome of a joint OECD-WHO project on the management of health-related human resources and international migration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050440-en
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  • 82
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    The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264045521
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die wirtschaftlichen Folgen von Produkt- und Markenpiraterie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The economic impact of counterfeiting and piracy ; Phase I
    DDC: 364.133
    Keywords: Produktpiraterie ; TRIPS ; Markenrecht ; OECD-Staaten ; Piracy (Copyright) Economic aspects ; Product counterfeiting Economic aspects ; Trade ; OECD ; Produktpiraterie ; Markenrecht ; Industrie
    Abstract: This study develops and applies a rigorous methodology to estimate the incidence of counterfeit and pirated items in world trade. This methodology can be used in the future to refine the assessment as the quality and quantity of data improve. The study also provides an analysis of the market for counterfeit and pirated goods and the effects on various affected parties, ranging from the owners of the intellectual property rights, to consumers and governments. The study also provides a number of in-depth snapshots of different industry sectors, highlighting how those sectors are affected by counterfeiting and piracy, and how they are responding.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264045521-en
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  • 83
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    Removing Barriers to SME Access to International Markets (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264045866
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Removing barriers to SME access to international markets
    DDC: 382/.3
    RVK:
    QR 380
    Keywords: KMU ; Internationaler Markteintritt ; OECD-Staaten ; Foreign trade promotion Congresses ; International trade Congresses ; Non-tariff trade barriers Congresses ; Small business Congresses ; Small business Government policy ; Congresses ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Weltmarkt ; Marktzugangsbeschränkung
    Abstract: Although SMEs are a major source of growth and job creation, SMEs appear to be under-represented in the international economy relative to their contribution in national and local economies. Two original OECD-APEC surveys investigated how SME policy makers and SMEs perceive the barriers to SME access to international markets. This proceedings presents a report on the results of the surveys, a synthesis of the conference discussions, and the main outcome of the conference: the Athens Action Plan for Removing Barriers to SME Access to International Markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264045866-en
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  • 84
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    Open Innovation in Global Networks (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264047693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Open innovation in global networks
    DDC: 338.064
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Keywords: Innovationsmanagement ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Industrial management ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Globalisierung ; Innovationsmanagement ; Corporate Network ; Innovation
    Abstract: To match the global demand and supply of innovation, businesses increasingly internationalise their innovation activities while opening their innovation process by collaborating with external partners (e.g., suppliers, customers, universities). This book examines what drives these global innovation networks across different industries, how they are related to companies' overall strategies, whether they are accessible for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and what the consequences are.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264047693-en
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  • 85
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    The Internationalisation of Business R&D : Evidence, Impacts and Implications (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044050
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The internationalisation of business R&D
    RVK:
    QM 355
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Keywords: OECD ; Forschung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Auslandsinvestition ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Innovationsförderung ; Globalisierung ; Science and Technology ; Konferenzschrift ; Unternehmen ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Offshoring ; Internationalisierung
    Abstract: Globalisation is quickly reshaping the international economic landscape, resulting in an increasing global supply of science and technology (S&T) resources and capabilities. This book analyses trends in the offshoring of R&D, examines its drivers and motivations, and identifies implications for innovation policy. It examines the internationalisation of R&D through foreign direct investment (FDI) by multinational enterprises (MNEs), which account for the bulk of business R&D in the OECD area. It also discusses complementary aspects of the global innovation landscape, such as the internationalisation of science, the growing importance of international technology co-operation and the growing international mobility of researchers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044050-en
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  • 86
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    Measuring Sustainable Production (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Sustainable Development Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring sustainable production
    RVK:
    AR 26600
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Produktion
    Abstract: Most people support sustainable development without knowing what it is. What exactly are sustainable consumption and sustainable production, and how are these practices identified? This volume reviews the state-of-the-art in measuring sustainable production processes in industry. It includes metrics developed by business, trade unions, academics, NGOs, and the OECD and IEA. These measurement approaches cover the "triple bottom line" (economic, environmental and social dimensions) of industrial sustainability. In the Same Series Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Political Economy Aspects Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Economic, Environmental and Social Aspects Institutionalising Sustainable Development Further Reading Measuring Sustainable Development: Integrated Economic, Environmental and Social Frameworks
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044135-en
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  • 87
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    Environmental Performance of Agriculture in OECD Countries Since 1990 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (576 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La performance environnementale de l'agriculture dans les pays de l'OCDE depuis 1990
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environmental indicators for agriculture ; volume 4: Environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries since 1990
    Keywords: Agriculture Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Environmental policy OECD countries ; Environmental protection OECD countries ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; OECD ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltstatistik
    Abstract: In OECD countries, agriculture uses on average over 40% of land and water resources, and thus has significant affect on the environment. This report provides the latest and most comprehensive data and analysis on the environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries since 1990. It covers key environmental themes including soil, water, air and biodiversity and looks at recent policy developments in all 30 countries. Over recent years the environmental performance of agriculture has improved in many countries, largely due to consumer pressure and changing public opinion. Many OECD countries are now tracking the environmental performance of agriculture, which is informing policy makers and society on the trends in agri-environmental conditions, and can provide a valuable aid to policy analysis. The indicators in this report provide crucial information to monitor and analyse the wide range of policy measures used in agriculture today, and how they are affecting the environment. Did You Know? In OECD countries, agriculture uses on average 40% of land and water resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040854-en
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  • 88
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    Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043466
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Handbook on constructing composite indicators
    RVK:
    QN 200
    Keywords: Economics ; OECD ; Wirtschaftsindikator
    Abstract: This Handbook is a guide for constructing and using composite indicators for policy makers, academics, the media and other interested parties. While there are several types of composite indicators, this Handbook is concerned with those which compare and rank country performance in areas such as industrial competitiveness, sustainable development, globalization and innovation. The Handbook aims to contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of composite indicators and to an improvement of the techniques currently used to build them. In particular, it contains a set of technical guidelines that can help constructors of composite indicators to improve the quality of their outputs.It has been prepared jointly by the OECD (the Statistics Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry) and the Applied Statistics and Econometrics Unit of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission in Ispra, Italy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043466-en
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  • 89
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    Staying Competitive in the Global Economy : Compendium of Studies on Global Value Chains (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264046313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Staying competitive in the global economy
    DDC: 338.88
    RVK:
    QM 000
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Internationale Produktion ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; OECD-Staaten ; Competition, International ; Globalization ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Globalisierung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Weltwirtschaft ; OECD ; Globalisierung ; Wertschöpfungskette ; Weltwirtschaft ; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
    Abstract: Global value chains are radically altering how goods and services are produced. Parts made in one country, for instance, are increasingly assembled in another and sold in a third. The globalisation of production has changed the industrial structure within OECD countries, and in some sectors blunted their competitiveness. Another major consequence has been fears of job losses. This volume is a compilation of the studies that underlie the synthesis report on global value chains, entitled Staying Competitive in the Global Economy: Moving Up the Value Chain. It includes papers on the measurement of globalisation, SMEs in global value chains, the changing nature of manufacturing, impact of international sourcing, foreign affiliates, offshoring and productivity, and the internationalisation of R&D.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046313-en
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  • 90
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    Public-private partnerships : in pursuit of risk sharing and value for money (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264046739 , 9264042792
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Public-private partnerships
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Les partenariats public-privé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les partenariats public-privé : Partager les risques et optimiser les ressources
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public-private partnerships
    DDC: 658.4058
    RVK:
    QR 420
    Keywords: Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Public Private Partnership ; OECD
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046733-en
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  • 91
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    A Profile of Immigrant Populations in the 21st Century : Data from OECD Countries (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040915
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.9/06912
    RVK:
    MS 3600
    Keywords: OECD ; Geschichte 2000 ; Einwanderer ; Migration ; Immigrants ; Einwanderer ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Einwanderungspolitik ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Einwanderungspolitik ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; OECD ; Einwanderer ; Geschichte 2000
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040915-en
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    München UB
    Würzburg UB
    Regensburg UB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    BVB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 92
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    Biocarburants : Lier les politiques de soutien aux bilans énergétiques et environnementaux (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101827
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.138
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biofuels; Linking Support to Performance
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: En 2007, les biocarburants ont reçu 15 milliards USD de subventions dans les pays membres de l’OCDE. Ont-ils pour autant apporté des bénéfices en termes de protection du climat ou de sécurité énergétique ? Dans le cadre des politiques actuelles, le soutien aux biocarburants n’est pas lié à leurs performances environnementales, alors même que tous les biocarburants sont loin d’afficher le même bilan écologique. A vrai dire, il se pourrait qu’une grande partie de l’éthanol et du biodiesel produit aujourd’hui engendre au bout du compte davantage d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre que les carburants traditionnels que sont l’essence et le diesel. Les rapports réunis dans cet ouvrage examinent la dimension économique des biocarburants et évaluent les perspectives de production de biocarburants conventionnels dans les pays de l’OCDE, les possibilités d’exportation de l’éthanol brésilien et le potentiel de certains biocarburants de seconde génération dans l’optique de l’approvisionnement des marchés mondiaux en carburants. La Table ronde dont ils sont issus a analysé les aspects essentiels qui doivent guider les gouvernements dans la détermination du soutien apporté aux biocarburants, notamment les émissions de gaz à effet de serre produits par ces carburants sur l’ensemble de leur cycle de vie et l’impact plus général des cultures énergétiques sur l’environnement. Sont également analysés, les progrès intervenus récemment en matière d’élaboration de systèmes de certification pour les biocarburants, sachant que ces systèmes sont un outil essentiel pour lier le soutien à l’abaissement effectif des émissions de gaz à effet de serre – qui ne saurait toutefois pas empêcher la destruction des forêts tropicales et leur remplacement par des surfaces consacrées à la production de biocarburants. En conclusion, l’ouvrage présente une courte liste de réformes préconisées pour faire en sorte que les politiques de soutien aux biocarburants contribuent véritablement à l’atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101827-fr
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  • 93
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    Biofuel Support Policies: An Economic Assessment (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050112
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques de soutien des biocarburants ; une évaluation économique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Biofuel support policies
    DDC: 662
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: Biokraftstoff ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; USA ; EU-Staaten ; Kanada ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books ; Bioenergie ; Umweltpolitik ; Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung
    Abstract: Governments in many OECD countries, as well as in a number of countries outside the OECD area, actively promote the production and use of alternative transport fuels made from agricultural commodities. This report, jointly produced by the OECD and the IEA and drawing on information from a number of other organisations, analyses the implications of this support from various perspectives. The report shows that the high level of policy support contributes little to reduced greenhouse-gas emissions and other policy objectives, while it adds to a range of factors that raise international prices for food commodities. It concludes that there are alternatives to current support policies for biofuels that would more effectively allow governments to achieve their objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050112-en
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  • 94
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    Online Resource
    Biofuels : Linking Support to Performance (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.138
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biocarburants ; Lier les politiques de soutien aux bilans énergétiques et environnementaux
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Biofuels received USD 15 billion in subsidies in OECD Member countries in 2007, but did they deliver benefits in terms of climate change or oil security? Present policies make no link between support for biofuels and their environmental performance, and biofuels do not all perform equally well. In fact, much of the current ethanol and biodiesel production may result in higher overall emissions of greenhouse gases than using conventional transport fuels - gasoline and diesel. The papers published in this report examine the economics of biofuels and assess the potential of conventional biofuel production in OECD countries, Brazilian ethanol exports and some second generation biofuels to supply world markets with transport fuels. This Round Table analyses the critical issues for governments in determining support for biofuels, particularly the level of greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life-cycle of these fuels and the wider environmental impacts of farming biomass. It also reviews recent progress in developing certification systems for biofuels – an essential tool for tying support to achievement in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, although certification cannot be expected to prevent rainforest destruction for the development of biofuel crop plantations. The report concludes with a short list of recommendations for policy reform if support for biofuels is to contribute effectively to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101803-en
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  • 95
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    Oil Dependence : Is Transport Running Out of Affordable Fuel? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102527
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.139
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pétrole et transports ; La fin des carburants à prix abordable ?
    DDC: 333.8/23213
    RVK:
    QQ 800
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Oil consumption is increasingly concentrated in transport and relatively limited fluctuations in transport demand can have increasingly significant effects on oil prices. This Round Table assesses the policy instruments available to address oil security and climate change and examines their interaction with measures to manage congestion and mitigate local air pollution. A number of incompatibilities and trade-offs are identified underlining the importance of integrated policy making. The report includes an examination of the factors that drive oil prices in the short and long term and a discussion of the outlook for oil supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102527-en
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  • 96
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    Online Resource
    Energy Policy Review of Indonesia (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy policy review of Indonesia
    RVK:
    QG 850
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Indonesien ; Energy ; Indonesia ; Indonesien ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: This comprehensive review offers an analysis of Indonesia’s energy sector, with findings and recommendations that draw on experience in IEA member countries. Six areas are suggested for priority attention, including progressive reduction in fuel and electricity subsidies, better implementation of policy, improving clarity of the investment framework, helping the energy regulators do their job more effectively, and harnessing a sustainable development agenda particularly renewable energy and energy efficiency.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264048294-en
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  • 97
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    Politiques de l'environnement : Quelles combinaisons d'instruments ? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018754
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Instrument Mixes for Environmental Policy
    DDC: 382
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Pour faire face à un problème environnemental donné, on peut utiliser une « combinaison d'instruments », par opposition à un instrument unique. Quelles sont les répercussions de ces « combinaisons d’instruments » sur l'efficacité environnementale et l'efficience économique ? Quels sont les principaux arguments qui justifient le recours à de telles combinaisons, et les combinaisons de mesures actuellement utilisées sont-elles effectivement bien conçues en réponse à ces arguments ? Telles sont les principales questions abordées dans ce rapport, qui repose sur une série d'études de cas approfondies. Ces études de cas analysent les combinaisons d'instruments appliquées dans les pays de l'OCDE pour s’attaquer aux problèmes suivants : les déchets ménagers, les sources diffuses de pollution de l'eau en agriculture, l'efficacité énergétique dans le secteur résidentiel, la pollution atmosphérique régionale et les émissions atmosphériques de mercure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018754-fr
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  • 98
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    Online Resource
    The Global Competition for Talent : Mobility of the Highly Skilled (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264047754
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (165 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Attirer les talents ; Les travailleurs hautement qualifiés au cœur de la concurrence internationale
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La competición global por el talento ; Movilidad de los trabajadores altamente cualificados
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The global competition for talent
    DDC: 658.3131
    RVK:
    DI 1000
    RVK:
    DV 3000
    RVK:
    MS 6960
    RVK:
    QV 230
    Keywords: Brain Drain ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Fachkraft ; Internationale Mobilität
    Abstract: This publication discusses the dimensions, significance, and policy implications of international flows of human resources in science and technology. The international mobility of highly skilled workers is increasing in scale and complexity as more economies participate in R&D and innovation activity. Mobile talent diffuses knowledge both directly and indirectly across borders. This can boost global innovation performance, with benefits accruing to both sending and receiving countries. It is clear that mobility is leading to an increasing level of labour-market internationalisation and integration, and competition for talent is now influencing innovation policy initiatives across the globe. Most countries offer a range of policies focused on assisting and encouraging mobility, although few have a specific and coherent mobility strategy. Many nations aim to attract the same pool of highly skilled talent; thus, relying on international flows to fill existing or future gaps in supply may entail risks. Addressing shortcomings in national policies that may limit domestic supply of skilled workers, and ensuring that the wider environment for innovation and scientific endeavour is sound, are key policy challenges for countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264047754-en
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  • 99
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    Online Resource
    The State of the Public Service (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264047990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'emploi public ; Un état des lieux
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The state of the public service
    DDC: 352.3
    RVK:
    MF 7500
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Dienst ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance ; OECD ; OECD ; Öffentlicher Dienst
    Abstract: Over the past 20 years, the management of the public service has changed tremendously in most OECD countries. First, governments have tried to reduce the size of their public employment to decrease the costs of producing government services, either directly or indirectly by contracting out the production of services to the private sector under the assumption that it would be more efficient. Second, in many cases, governments have tried to apply general good management principles to the management of public employees. As a consequence, many areas of public employment have lost their uniqueness and have become quite similar to the general employment system in the different countries. This book takes stock of the main changes in the management of public services across OECD countries. It also examines how countries manage to find a balance between, on the one hand, attention to fundamental values such as fairness, equity, justice and social cohesion to maintain political confidence in the government system as a whole and, on the other hand, a focus on efficiency, productivity and effectiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264047990-en
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  • 100
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    Pétrole et transports : La fin des carburants à prix abordable ? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102534
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.139
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Oil Dependence; Is Transport Running Out of Affordable Fuel?
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: La consommation de pétrole se concentre de plus en plus dans le secteur des transports. Ainsi, des variations relativement limitées de la demande dans ce secteur peuvent avoir des effets de plus en plus sensibles sur les cours du pétrole. Cette table ronde évalue les mesures dont disposent les pouvoirs publics pour sécuriser les approvisionnements pétroliers et freiner le changement climatique. Elle examine leur interaction avec les mesures destinées à gérer la congestion et réduire la pollution atmosphérique locale. Elle met aussi en évidence un certain nombre d’incompatibilités et d’arbitrages nécessaires, soulignant ainsi l’importance d’une approche intégrée dans l’élaboration des politiques. La table ronde examine aussi les facteurs qui déterminent les prix du pétrole à court et long terme, ainsi que les perspectives concernant les approvisionnements pétroliers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102534-fr
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