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  • 2005-2009  (99)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (99)
  • Energy  (99)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Technology Roadmap: Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This energy technology roadmap focuses on electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (EV/PHEV), presenting for the first time a detailed scenario for their evolution from annual production of a few thousand to over 100 million vehicles by 2050. It finds that the next decade is a key “make or break” period for EVs and PHEVs: governments, the automobile industry, electric utilities and other stakeholders must work together to roll out vehicles and infrastructure in a coordinated fashion, and ensure that the rapidly growing consumer market is ready to purchase them. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions to achieve the roadmap’s vision.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088177-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Technology Roadmap: Wind Energy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Windenergie ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkulation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Einstellung ; Akteur ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduktion ; Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Global Windkraft ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklungsperspektive und -tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Relation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Haltung von Akteuren zu Einzelfragen ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduzierung/Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Energy ; Erde
    Abstract: Wind energy is perhaps the most advanced of the “new” renewable energy technologies, but there is still much work to be done. This energy technology roadmap identifies the key tasks that must be undertaken in order to achieve a vision of over 2 000 GW of wind energy capacity by 2050. Governments, industry, research institutions and the wider energy sector will need to work together to achieve this goal.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088184-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Efficiency Indicators for Public Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264061996
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Electricity production is responsible for 32% of total global fossil fuel use, accounting for 132 EJ, and 41%, or 10.9 Gt of energy-related CO2 emissions. Improving the efficiency of electricity production therefore offers economic benefits and a significant opportunity for reducing dependence on fossil fuels, which helps to combat climate change and improve energy security.A set of indicators has been developed to analyse the energy efficiency of electricity production from fossil fuels on a global level and for a number of key countries and regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264061996-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Empowering Variable Renewables Options for Flexible Electricity Systems (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077201
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: A number of renewable electricity technologies, such as wind, wave, tidal, solar, and run-of-river hydro share a characteristic that distinguishes them from conventional power plants: their output varies according to the availability of the resource. This is commonly perceived to be challenging at high shares, but there is no intrinsic, technical ceiling to variable renewables’ potential. Variability has to be looked at in the context of power system flexibility: if a power system is sufficiently flexible, in terms of power production, load management, interconnection and storage, the importance of the variability aspect is reduced.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077201-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing Measures of Energy Efficiency Performance and their Application in Industry (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039544
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This paper explores different measures of energy efficiency performance (“MEEP”) and considers the importance of so-called boundary definitions when measuring energy performance, and how these affect the appropriateness of country comparisons to guide policy decisions. The paper also addresses the limitations of both energy intensity and technology diffusion indicators as measures of energy efficiency performance. A case study on Japan’s iron and steel industry illustrates the critical role of proper boundary definitions for a meaningful assessment of energy efficiency in industry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039544-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Technology Roadmap: Carbon Capture and Storage (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide capture and storage ; Energietechnik ; Finanzierung ; Gesetz ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Szenario ; Reduktion ; Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Internationale Kooperation ; Umweltpolitik ; Global Kohlendioxid-Abscheidung und -Lagerung ; Energietechnik ; Finanzierung ; Rechtliche Regelung ; Entwicklungsperspektive und -tendenz ; Szenario ; Reduzierung/Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Internationale umweltpolitische Zusammenarbeit ; Energy ; Erde
    Abstract: This energy technology roadmap on carbon capture and storage (CCS) identifies, for the first time, a detailed scenario for the technology’s growth from a handful of large-scale projects today to over three thousand projects by 2050. It finds that the next decade is a key “make or break” period for CCS; governments, industry and public stakeholders must act rapidly to demonstrate CCS at scale around the world in a variety of settings. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions that stakeholders will need to take to achieve the roadmap’s vision.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088122-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cement Technology Roadmap: Carbon Emissions Reductions up to 2050 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The cement energy technology roadmap outlines a possible transition path for the industry to make continued contributions towards a halving of global CO2 emissions by 2050. As part of this contribution, this roadmap estimates that the cement industry could reduce its direct emissions 18% from current levels by 2050. This roadmap is a first step. It is only attainable with a supportive policy framework, and appropriate financial resources invested over the long term.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088061-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IEA Scoreboard 2009 : 35 Key Energy Trends over 35 Years (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Measuring and assessing how much has been done by member countries over the years to follow their underlying principles is not an easy task. Each country is unique in terms of economy, geography, climate, energy resources, etc. Taking into account some of these specificities, the IEA Scoreboard 2009 compares what has been achieved by member countries in diversifying their energy mix, in promoting non-fossil fuels and energy efficiency, in encouraging research and development, and, more generally, in creating a policy framework consistent with their shared policy goals. Since the IEA Scoreboard 2009 is published in conjunction with the 35th anniversary of the IEA, 35 themes, ranging from diversification to prices, show how IEA countries have performed in their efforts to attain energy security, environmental protection and economic growth. This book, which combines statistical rigour with easy access and readability, is an ideal resource for anyone who would like to have a quick overview of energy development in IEA member countries over the last 35 years. The publication also includes selected energy-related statistics for over 140 countries, economies and regions in the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063785-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transport Energy and CO2 : Moving towards Sustainability (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073173
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transport, energy and CO 2
    DDC: 628.5/32
    RVK:
    AR 27700
    Keywords: Verkehr ; Kraftstoff ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Energy ; OECD ; Verkehrspolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Car ownership is set to triple by 2050, trucking activity will double and air travel could increase fourfold. This book examines how to enable mobility without accelerating climate change. It finds that if we change the way we travel, adopt technologies to improve vehicle efficiency and shift to low-CO2 fuels, we can move onto a different pathway where transport CO2 emissions by 2050 are far below current levels, at costs that are lower than many assume. The report discusses the prospects for shifting more travel to the most efficient modes and reducing travel growth rates, improving vehicle fuel efficiency by up to 50% using cost-effective, incremental technologies, and moving toward electricity, hydrogen, and advanced biofuels to achieve a more secure and sustainable transport future. If governments implement strong policies to achieve this scenario, transport can play its role and dramatically reduce CO2 emissions by 2050.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073173-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cogeneration and District Energy : Sustainable energy technologies for today... and tomorrow (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Combined heat and power and district heating and cooling (DHC) represent a series of proven, reliable and cost-effective technologies that are already making an important contribution to meeting global heat and electricity demand.This report follows the March 2008 report that hightlighted the energy, economic and environmental benefits of CHP and DHC (IEA, 2008). That report also provides a technical introduction to CHP/DHC and describes its global status and potential.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077171-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gadgets and Gigawatts : Policies for Energy Efficient Electronics (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059542
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: By 2010 there will be over 3.5 billion mobile phones subscribers, 2 billion TVs in use around the world and 1 billion personal computers.This book examines how "smart" this equipment is from an energy efficiency perspective and what the potential is for energy savings. It includes a global assessment of the changing pattern in residential electricity consumption over the past decade and an in-depth analysis of the role played by electronic equipment. It reviews the influence that government policies have had on creating markets for more energy efficient appliances and identifies new opportunities for creating smarter, more energy efficient homes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059542-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sectoral Approaches and the Carbon Market (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/03
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Sectoral approaches are proposed as a means to broaden the global scope of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation to developing countries. Market mechanisms are put forward in that context to create incentives for mitigation in developing countries beyond the existing Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and to encourage mitigation at least possible cost. The introduction of new, sector-based, market mechanisms is only one of many proposals discussed by UNFCCC Parties in the context of a post-2012 international climate policy framework, as a possible means to support mitigation actions in developing countries. This paper considers the carbon market aspects of sectoral approaches to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in developing countries. It discusses three general ways to link sectoral goals with the carbon market: (i) intensity goals, based on a GHG performance per unit of output; (ii) fixed emission goals, with an ex-post issuance of credits or trading with an ex-ante allocation of allowances; and (iii) technology-based sectoral objectives. This paper explores the domestic policy implications of moving from a single project approach (i.e., CDM), to a multi-plant, sector-wide carbon market mechanism implied by sectoral crediting and trading. It also touches on possible transition issues, especially from intensity-based emission goals to fixed ones. The paper concludes that sector-based market mechanisms, regardless of the design option chosen, will require some significant upfront effort both nationally and internationally to set appropriate baselines and ensure adequate measurement, reporting and verification in order to generate economically valuable and environmentally-credible credits. Technology diffusion goals may be supported by other means than the carbon market if developing GHG baselines for such activities were too difficult. Sectoral approaches also imply some significant policy effort in countries that adhere to them, to ensure that the baselines are exceeded so that carbon market revenues are generated, and that these revenues represent effective incentives for entities to pursue GHG mitigation, wherever it is most cost-effective to do so.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k4559g5snzq-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Linking Mitigation Actions in Developing Countries with Mitigation Support : A Conceptual Framework (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/02
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: The Bali Action Plan introduced the notion of linking GHG mitigation action in developing countries with support for such action, in a "measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV)" manner. However, it does not specify the relationship or link that may be made between nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) in developing countries and mitigation support. It also remains unclear whether the MRV requirements apply to the link between NAMAs in developing countries and mitigation support, or to one or both of the separate elements. This paper suggests a number of elements for a possible conceptual framework to "link" mitigation actions with mitigation support, including practical considerations for how one might measure, report and verify progress, with a view to understanding the role for such a framework in a post-2012 agreement. The design of a successful and effective linking framework might aim to achieve a number of specific goals. On the action side, a key goal may be to integrate NAMAs in developing countries into national development plans and to address a significant mitigation opportunities. On the support side, important goals are perhaps cost-effectiveness and how to prioritise spending. For a linking framework to successfully address these issues, both actions and support would need to be measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV). Building on existing systems, a framework for MRV based on both the actual, possible or planned mitigation actions in developing countries as well as on current (public) mitigation support from developed countries could be a good starting point for further development of a linking framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k455r1485q4-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sectoral Market Mechanisms : Issues for Negotiation and Domestic Implementation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/05
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper reviews proposals for the design of sectoral and related market mechanisms that are being debated both in the UNFCCC negotiations and in different domestic legislative contexts. Decisions on the design and scope of the mechanisms in the UNFCCC negotiations would affect the future supply of credits, while developed countries’ legislations could influence demand. National actions to establish carbon markets may also constrain or enable international developments and options, as domestic policies may establish conditions or restrictions on the import of “international” offset credits or linkages with other national or regional carbon markets. The paper also addresses the possible principles and technical requirements that Parties may wish to consider, as the foundations for further elaboration of the mechanisms. Beyond principles, a number of elements of a more technical nature need to be sorted out to set up new market mechanisms, such as: eligibility for participation by developed countries, as buyers; technical definition of baselines, including guidance on a process to agree to baseline levels, and possible revisions; length of the crediting period and frequency of issuance of credits; new trading units and registries; and national authorities for the new mechanisms. In the case of trading, a compliance reserve and liability rules may be topics for discussion as well. The third issue explored by this paper is domestic implementation of sectoral market mechanisms by host countries, and how the transition between current and future mechanisms could be managed. Transition issues including the situation of existing CDM projects vis-à-vis broader crediting mechanisms and also sectoral trading must be clarified. Domestic policy implementation in developing countries is of paramount importance to ensure the effectiveness of possible new international market mechanisms. Several illustrations are offered to show how a mix of policies could be used to outperform a baseline to generate credits, and how credit revenues could be used to further support domestic policy implementation. Among the options discussed are subsidies to low-carbon technologies (e.g. feed-in tariffs), mandated performance standards, and an entity level baseline-and-crediting system.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k454d2srld2-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reporting and Recording Post-2012 GHG Mitigation Commitments, Actions and Support (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/04
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The Bali Action Plan (BAP) indicated the importance of “measurable, reportable and verifiable” (MRV) greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation actions and commitments, as well as support for GHG mitigation actions, in the post-2012 climate framework. Negotiations underway for this framework have highlighted the benefits of, and interest in, expanding current MRV-related provisions, including to develop a more comprehensive and timely picture of countries’ mitigation efforts and support. Establishing some form of reporting or recording mechanism that could be used to centralise and track information on country mitigation actions, commitments and support could fill this gap. This mechanism could focus on current efforts, or also include information on future or planned efforts. Such a mechanism could take different forms, including a stand-alone electronic registry where actions (and potentially also commitments and support) could be reported ex post. Alternatively, information on actions and commitments could be recorded ex ante as an integral appendix of a post-2012 climate agreement. This paper explores the possible purposes, coverage and form of such a reporting/recording mechanism (subsequently referred to as a NAMAs registry); what information it could include in terms of actions, commitments and support; and the institutional implications of different design options. It thus focuses on the measurable and reportable components of MRV, rather than on verification.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k454d4z64br-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GHG Mitigation Actions : MRV Issues and Options (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/01
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The Bali Action Plan (BAP) language on “measurable, reportable and verifiable” (MRV) greenhouse gas mitigation actions and commitments for a post-2012 climate framework was introduced to apply both to developed countries’ greenhouse gas (GHG) commitments and actions (paragraph 1(b)(i) of the BAP), as well as to “nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building” (paragraph 1(b)(ii)). This paper provides an overview of current efforts to assess if GHG mitigation actions underway in different countries and regions are “measurable, reportable and verifiable”. The paper also assesses how such efforts could be improved, explores MRV options for different types of GHG mitigation actions, and highlights decision points needed to establish a post-2012 framework.Several different types of GHG mitigation actions and commitments have been proposed for the post-2012 period. Some of these - such as national-level GHG emission limits - are already being used, with countries therefore already gaining experience with implementing, monitoring, reporting (and potentially reviewing or verifying the effects of) such actions/commitments. The extent of this experience varies both by type of action/commitment, as well as by country and sector. In general, Annex I countries have significant experience with monitoring and reporting national emission levels (reflecting their reporting commitments under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol). However, official reporting on other GHG-mitigation actions occurs every few years in Annex I countries and only irregularly in non-Annex I countries. Thus, significant new guidance would be needed if post-2012 MRV provisions were to focus on GHG mitigation actions rather than GHG emission levels. In deciding a MRV framework, it will be important to consider measurement, reporting and verification issues separately (as for example some non-supported actions may be reported but not verified). A transition process may also be needed for some countries, in terms of what is to be subject to MRV provisions, and how M, R and V are to be carried out.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k4695890xd6-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chile Energy Policy Review 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Chile
    Abstract: Drawing on the experience of IEA member countries, this IEA review assesses Chile’s major energy challenges and provides recommendations. Six main themes emerge: the successful liberalisation of the power sector in the 1980s; the essential role played by the state in ensuring energy security; the re-formulation of Chile’s long-term energy policy; the proposed reorganisation of the institutional framework; greater independence for the system operators; and the need for a clear framework of regulation so that long-term investment decisions integrate social and environmental costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073159-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sectoral Approaches in Electricity : Building Bridges to a Safe Climate (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264068735
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Electricity accounts for more than 40 % of global energy-related CO2 emissions. This issue is most pressing for developing countries where growth in power demand is particularly high, fueling the risk of irreversible investment in CO2-intensive capacity, the so-called “carbon lock-in”. Sectoral Approaches in Electricity – Building Bridges to a Safe Climate shows how the international climate policy framework could effectively support a transition towards low-CO2 electricity systems in developing countries. Sectoral approaches are intended to address sectors that require urgent actions, without waiting for countries to take nation-wide commitments. Earlier IEA publications have extensively reviewed developed countries’ efforts to steer generation away from carbon-intensive production modes, from dedicated support to low-carbon technologies to, increasingly, the reliance on CO2 pricing via emissions trading. Following the same logic, there are proposals seeking to use the international carbon market to drive changes at sectoral level in developing countries. This publication illustrates the pros and cons of such an approach in a few key emerging economies. It also asks how international climate policy could support and enhance ongoing efforts on end-use energy efficiency - an essential piece of the climate change/electricity puzzle.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264068735-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
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    National and Sectoral GHG Mitigation Potential : A Comparison Across Models (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/07
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Determining comparability of effort between mitigation actions and targets proposed by different countries is an ongoing issue for international climate negotiations. A number of indicators have been proposed to reflect comparability of effort and differences in national circumstances; key amongst these are greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (per capita), GDP per capita, as well as GHG mitigation potential. This paper focuses on mitigation potential to provide a comparative assessment between six OECD member economies: Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan, Mexico and the US. GHG mitigation potential is defined to be the level of GHG emission reductions that could be realised, relative to the projected emission baseline in a given year, for a given carbon price. Data for the selected countries were obtained across the time horizon of 2005-2050 from a total of 19 models, including models that are used to inform climate policy-makers in each of these economies. The paper examines the implications of model structure, and assesses how baseline scenarios vary between the models, before analysing the GHG mitigation potential estimates. GHG mitigation potential is compared for carbon prices of USD 20, 50 and 100/tCO2e. For an assumed carbon price of USD 50/tCO2e, mitigation potential in Japan is estimated to be relatively lower than for the other five economies, ranging from 5-20% emission reduction from baseline in 2020. Although noticeably fewer models report data for Mexico at this price level, the models show deeper potential reductions in the range of 25-37% at the same carbon price. Mitigation potential estimates for Australia, Canada and the US show a wider range of 14-39% reduction relative to 2020 baselines. The EU shows a relatively tighter range of 16-29% emission reductions to 2020. The results of this study show greater emission reduction potentials in the year 2050 than in the year 2020 across the six economies examined, reflecting structural and technical changes that occur over time, including the availability of carbon capture and storage from 2030. In general, the paper finds closer agreement across the models for mitigation potential in 2020 than for later years, reflecting greater uncertainty as projections extend into the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k453xgpqp9w-en
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financing Climate Change Mitigation : Towards a Framework for Measurement, Reporting and Verification (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/06
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The current monitoring, reporting and review framework under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has a number of strengths and weaknesses. Weaknesses include inconsistent and/or incomplete self reporting of financial support; infrequent reporting; limited and incomplete information on multilateral development banks and other non-UNFCCC funds; lack of primary data on financial flows under KP mechanisms (CDM); and lack of verification procedures. This paper aims to facilitate a discussion about a possible framework to measure, report and verify (MRV) mitigation support. It considers the main pathways through which mitigation support to developing countries may flow as well as the availability and suitability of information in this area to provide a basis to measure, report and verify mitigation support. A strengthened framework for reporting could be developed and layered into the existing system, e.g. via National Communications. Data gaps and reporting frequency could be corrected through improvements in National Communication guidelines and the development of a common reporting format. The UNFCCC could also collaborate with other institutions to develop and draw on more standardised data from other sources and to assure that information across sources is comparable and publicly available. A key aspect would be to provide a monitoring system that covers not just public but also private finance in mitigation specific as well as mitigation relevant areas. The absence of verification procedures in the current UNFCCC monitoring and review system for mitigation support should also be addressed. The Convention does not lay out specific guidelines for the review of mitigation support reported in National Communications and reported information is not formally cross checked with alternative information sources. Parties could agree to the elaboration of guidelines for review and verification to help determine whether Parties have employed agreed methods for self assessment and reporting on technology transfer, capacity building and financing, and whether reporting is conducted in a transparent manner. In addition, standardised reporting by recipient countries about funds received, use and usefulness of funds could also be an important addition to provide information for verification with information on contributions to mitigation support.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k453xh6h4r6-en
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    Clean Coal Technologies - Accelerating Commercial and Policy Drivers for Deployment (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Clean coal technologies (CCTs) have been developed and deployed to reduce the environmental impact of coal utilisation over the past 30 to 40 years. Initially, the focus was upon reducing emissions of particulates, SO2, NOX and mercury. The coal sector – producers, consumers and equipment suppliers – as well as governments and agencies in countries where coal is essential, have a long experience of stimulating clean coal technology deployment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077164-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Portugal 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Portugal
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2009 review of Portugal's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Portugal has made considerable efforts to strengthen its energy policy since the last IEA in-depth review in 2004. A large number of IEA recommendations have been successfully implemented, including greater diversification of the energy mix and increased energy policy co-ordination. A new National Energy Strategy, published in October 2005, identified three principal means for meeting Portugal’s policy goals: the promotion of renewable energy, increased energy efficiency and competition in energy markets. Over a short period of time, Portugal has become a leader in terms of renewable energy development. Well-designed incentive mechanisms and the adoption of ambitious targets ensure hydro, wind and other technologies will continue to grow. The National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency was enacted in 2008, and Portugal aims to implement energy efficiency measures equivalent to 9.8% of total final energy consumption by 2015. This plan complements a well developed and co-ordinated climate change policy. Further steps have been taken towards the liberalisation of energy markets, including the innovative creation of a single operator for the transport of natural gas and electricity, natural gas storage and operation of the Sines LNG terminal. Still, a number of challenges remain. Energy markets are not as competitive as policy makers may have wished, and energy research and development policy coordination needs to be strengthened. This review provides sectoral critiques of existing policy and recommendations for further improvements. It is intended to serve as an indispensable guide for Portuguese policy makers as they travel along the path to a more sustainable energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060388-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Spain 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060364
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Spain
    Abstract: This review analyses the energy challenges facing Spain and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It finds that since the last IEA in-depth review in 2005, Spain has made significant progress in improving its energy policy. In Europe, the country is now leading in gas diversification and LNG development. Together with Portugal, it has set up the common Iberian electricity market, MIBEL, and has strong ambitions in developing it further. It has also become prominent in developing wind and solar energy technology, and succeeded in integrating large amounts of intermittent power in the electricity grid. Along with other IEA member countries, Spain has set ambitious climate and energy security targets. Achieving these will require a transition to a low-carbon economy. Spain will need to increase its efforts to reduce CO2 emissions, particularly in the transport but also the critical power sector. As fossil fuels still provide more than half of electricity,Spain will need to keep open all the options - including nuclear, renewables, and the technology of carbon capture and storage - for making its power sector less carbon-intensive. The country should also increase its efforts to limit peak electricity demand through energy efficiency. Spain has substantially de-regulated its electricity and gas tariffs, and developed a financial plan to end the large deficit that had built up under the previous tariff regime. Prices for many small electricity users, however, are still regulated and low enough to potentially distort the market. In addition, the still remaining subsidies for domestic coal production should be eliminated and replaced by direct social policy measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060364-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Luxembourg 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043428
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: The Inernational Energy Agency's periodic review of Luxembourg's energy policies and programmes. It analyses the energy challenges facing Luxembourg and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. Since the last review in 2004, Luxembourg has reformed its energy policies across all sectors, has fully liberalised its electricity and natural gas markets, and is actively participating in the development of the evolving Central West European regional electricity system. Luxembourg has also prepared a broad action plan on energy efficiency, improved the support system for renewable energy sources and revised taxes to mitigate climate change. The country’s energy policy in the coming decade will be shaped by the EU 2020 targets that call for substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and strong increases in renewable energy and energy efficiency. These targets will be hard to meet, given that roughly half of energy-related CO2 emissions come from transport fuel use by foreign truckers and motorists, and that Luxembourg’s potential for producing much more renewable energy is limited. Luxembourg is heavily dependent on oil. Although oil sources are well diversified by country of origin, more than 85% of oil stocks are held in neighbouring countries and often based on short-term leasing contracts. This leaves the country vulnerable to potential oil supply disruptions. Luxembourg should swiftly implement a plan to improve the security of oil supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043428-en
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  • 25
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    Cleaner Coal in China (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Energy ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China’s coal, mined locally and available at a relatively low cost, has brought enormous benefits to energy consumers in China and to those outside the country who enjoy the products of its coal-based economy. Yet from another perspective, China’s coal use has a high cost. Despite progress, health and safety in the thousands of small coal mines lag far behind the standards achieved in China’s modern, large mines. Environmental degradation is a real and pressing problem at all stages of coal production, supply and use. Adding to these burdens, emissions of carbon dioxide are of concern to the Chinese government as it embarks on its own climate protection strategy. Technology solutions are already transforming the way coal is used in China and elsewhere. This study explores the context in which the development and deployment of these technologies can be accelerated. Providing a large amount of new data, it describes in detail the situation in China as well as the experiences of other countries in making coal cleaner. Above all, the report calls for much greater levels of collaboration – existing bi-lateral and multi-lateral co-operation with China on coal is found lacking. China’s growing openness presents many commercial opportunities. Establishing a global market for cleaner coal technologies is key to unlocking the potential of technology – one of ten major recommendations made in this study.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264048164-en
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  • 26
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    Cities, Towns and Renewable Energy : Yes In My Front Yard (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cities, towns & renewable energy
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Stadt ; Energieversorgung ; Energieeinsparung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Stadtökologie ; Energieversorgung ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: Local governments have the power to influence the energy choices of their citizens. Many cities and towns have already encouraged energy efficiency measures. Even so, as demand for energy services continues to grow, the energy infrastructure that every city and town depends on will need to be expanded, upgraded or replaced. This provides the opportunity to increase the deployment of renewable energy technologies and decentralised energy systems, and hence gain the multi-benefits of increased energy security, climate change mitigation and sustainable development, but also the social benefits of reduced air pollution, such as improved health and employment. Many combinations of policies have been employed to stimulate local renewable energy development. These policies include: local governance by authority; providing resources; enabling private actors; leading by example; allowing self-governance. Mega-city mayors, down to small-town officials, have successfully introduced such policies, although these vary with location, local resources and population. Cities, Towns and Renewable Energy – “ Yes In My Front Yard “ includes several case studies chosen to illustrate how enhanced deployment of renewable energy projects can result, regardless of a community’s size or location. The goals of this report are to inspire city stakeholders by showing how renewable energy systems can benefit citizens and businesses, assist national governments to better appreciate the role that local municipalities might play in meeting national and international objectives, and help accelerate the necessary transition to a sustainable energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076884-en
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  • 27
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    Politiques de soutien des biocarburants : une évaluation économique (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050167
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biofuel Support Policies; An Economic Assessment
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Les gouvernements de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, mais aussi de plusieurs pays non membres, s’emploient activement à promouvoir la production et la consommation de nouveaux carburants de transport issus de produits agricoles. Le rapport conclut qu’il existe d’autres solutions que les politiques actuelles de soutien des biocarburants qui permettraient aux gouvernements de réaliser plus efficacement leurs objectifs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050167-fr
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  • 28
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    Implementing Energy Efficiency Policies: are IEA Member Countries on Track? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075696
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Implementing energy efficiency policies 2009
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energieeinsparung ; Energiepolitik ; Welt ; Energy ; Bericht ; Internationale Energieagentur ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Energiepolitik ; Effizienz
    Abstract: This book presents 25 energy efficiency recommendations from the IEA which could, if implemented globally without delay, reduce global CO2 emissions by 8.2 gigatonnes per year by 2030 – equivalent to roughly two-times the amount of current EU CO2 emissions. This innovative book provides the first assessment of IEA member countries’ progress on implementing energy efficiency policy. Using a rigorous evaluation process, it finds that while these countries are implementing a full range of energy efficiency measures, their efforts fall short. Pressing energy, climate and financial challenges require even more energy efficiency policy action – particularly in the transport sector. To address this action gap, IEA member countries must urgently ramp up their energy efficiency policy efforts. The IEA and its member countries can play a critical role in promoting the Agency’s call for “Worldwide Implementation Now” (W.I.N.) of energy efficiency. What will it be? W.I.N or lose the opportunity?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075696-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Netherlands 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043404
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This comprehensive review analyses the energy challenges facing the Netherlands in 2008 and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It urges the government to provide policy continuity – such as in promotion regimes for renewable energy – to underpin a sustainable investment climate. It also highlights the need for closer co-ordination among national, regional and local authorities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043404-en
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    Energy Technology Transitions for Industry : Strategies for the Next Industrial Revolution (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264068612
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy technology transitions for industry
    DDC: 333.7965
    RVK:
    ZP 4500
    Keywords: Energietechnik ; Industrie ; Energiekonsum ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Energy ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energieverbrauch ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: Industry accounts for one-third of global energy use and almost 40% of worldwide CO2 emissions. Achieving substantial emissions reduction in the future will require urgent action from industry. What are the likely future trends in energy use and CO2 emissions from industry? What impact could the application of best available technologies have on these trends? Which new technologies are needed if these sectors are to fully play their role in a more secure and sustainable energy future? Energy Technology Transitions for Industry addresses these questions through detailed sectoral and regional analyses, building on the insights of crucial IEA findings, such as Energy Technology Perspectives 2008: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050. It contains new indicators and methodologies as well as scenario results for the following sectors: iron and steel, cement, chemicals, pulp and paper and aluminium sectors. The report discusses the prospects for new low-carbon technologies and outlines potential technology transition paths for the most important industrial sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264068612-en
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    Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) : Electricité, eau et transports : quelles politiques ? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031340
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (586 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2); Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2): Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Les réseaux d’infrastructure jouent un rôle vital dans le développement économique et social. La demande d’infrastructures est appelée à sensiblement augmenter dans les décennies à venir, sous l’impulsion de facteurs majeurs de changement comme la croissance économique mondiale, le progrès technologique, le changement climatique, l’urbanisation et l’aggravation de la congestion. Les défis à relever sont multiples. Dans les pays de l’OCDE, de nombreux éléments de réseaux d’infrastructure connaissent un vieillissement rapide, les budgets publics sont de plus en plus serrés et le financement de l’infrastructure devient de plus en plus complexe. Cette publication évalue la viabilité future des modèles économiques actuels dans cinq secteurs infrastructurels : électricité, eau, transport ferroviaire de marchandises, transports collectifs urbains et transport routier. Elle propose des recommandations pratiques visant à renforcer les capacités afin de répondre aux besoins futurs d’infrastructures, notamment des mesures qui pourraient être prises par les gouvernements tant collectivement qu’individuellement pour mettre en place des cadres institutionnels, politiques et réglementaires plus favorables.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031340-fr
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    Measuring Sustainable Production (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Sustainable Development Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring sustainable production
    RVK:
    AR 26600
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Produktion
    Abstract: Most people support sustainable development without knowing what it is. What exactly are sustainable consumption and sustainable production, and how are these practices identified? This volume reviews the state-of-the-art in measuring sustainable production processes in industry. It includes metrics developed by business, trade unions, academics, NGOs, and the OECD and IEA. These measurement approaches cover the "triple bottom line" (economic, environmental and social dimensions) of industrial sustainability. In the Same Series Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Political Economy Aspects Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Economic, Environmental and Social Aspects Institutionalising Sustainable Development Further Reading Measuring Sustainable Development: Integrated Economic, Environmental and Social Frameworks
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044135-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United States 2007 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; United States
    Abstract: The United States is the largest economy and energy user in the world. Significant developments have taken place in its energy policy since the last IEA review in 2002. Most important is the Energy Policy Act 2005 – a comprehensive energy legislation which has set new directions, including opening the way for a nuclear renaissance. Two closely connected challenges shape all debates on the nation’s energy policy path: how to increase security by reducing the dependence on imported supplies; and how to address growing emissions of greenhouse gases. This review takes an in-depth look at these issues and provides recommendations on how the United States can do more to answer the challenges of both improving its security of energy supply and lowering its emissions intensity, demonstrating the significant improvements that can already be realised through existing technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030749-en
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    Energy in the Western Balkans : The Path to Reform and Reconstruction (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy in the Western Balkans
    RVK:
    QG 490
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Südosteuropa ; Albanien ; Bosnien-Herzegowina ; Kroatien ; Nordmazedonien ; Montenegro ; Serbien ; Kosovo ; Economic development Albania ; Economic development Former Yugoslav republics ; Energy policy Balkan Peninsula ; Power resources Balkan Peninsula ; Power resources Balkan Peninsula ; Statistics ; Energy ; Balkan Peninsula Economic conditions ; Südosteuropa ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energiebilanz ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: The Western Balkans – composed of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo – is a complex region facing significant energy challenges. This is the first comprehensive review of energy policies and strategies in the Western Balkan region, and also covers important cross-cutting topics such as co-operation and energy trade, oil and gas transportation, and the links between energy and poverty. It identifies and assesses the reforms that are still needed to deliver efficient, modernised energy systems that can assist economic development, address energy poverty and reduce the environmental impacts of energy use.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042193-en
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    Promoting Energy Efficiency Investments : Case Studies in the Residential Sector (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting energy efficiency investments
    RVK:
    QR 530
    RVK:
    QY 500
    Keywords: Energieeinsparung ; Energiesparendes Bauen ; Welt ; Energiepolitik ; Gebäude ; Effektivität ; Förderung ; Unterstützung ; Energy ; Erde ; OECD ; Wohnungsbauförderung ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: Existing buildings are responsible for over 40% of the world’s total primary energy consumption. An impressive amount of energy could be saved simply by applying energy-efficient technologies. Yet, various market barriers inhibit energy efficiency improvements in existing buildings and result in energy savings that are significantly lower than potentials. This publication provides illustrations of policies and measures implemented in five IEA member countries and the European Union. Each case includes relevant background and contextual information, as well as a detailed evaluation of each policy according to five pre-defined criteria: relevance, effectiveness, flexibility, clarity and sustainability.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042155-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Sweden
    Abstract: Sweden is one of the leading IEA countries in the use of renewable energy. As Sweden plans to further increase the use of renewable energy, it is crucial that these supplies are produced and used in the most sustainable manner for the environment and the economy as a whole. With regard to CO2 emissions, more can be done in all sectors, but as transport is the largest polluter and its emissions are increasing, it is the logical focus for Sweden’s efforts to reduce emissions further. This is a significant challenge. Nuclear provides almost half of the electricity in Sweden, at a low cost and without CO2 emissions. But the future of nuclear power in the national power mix is still uncertain, and Sweden will need to resolve the ambiguity about the future of nuclear power in the country. This review analyses the energy challenges facing Sweden and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It is intended to provide input to Swedish energy policy makers to help them identify a path towards a more sustainable energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043343-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Austria 2007 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Austria
    Abstract: This review thoroughly analyses Austrian energy policy and identifies the key challenges that need to be addressed. With recommendations for improvements, it is an important guide for Austrian policy makers toward a safer and cleaner energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030770-en
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    IEA Energy Policies Review: The European Union 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043381
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. IEA energy policies review. The European Union ; 2008
    Keywords: Energy ; European Union ; Europäische Union ; Energiepolitik ; Geschichte 2008
    Abstract: For the first time, the IEA has reviewed the energy policies of the European Union which shape the energy use of almost 500 million citizens in 27 EU member countries. A unique entity governed under complex and almost constantly evolving structures, the EU constitutes a challenge for energy policy makers. Its energy policy has a global impact, not only because of its 16% share of world energy demand, but also because of the EU leadership in addressing climate change. Strong policy drives are underway in the EU to achieve the completion of the internal energy market, increase renewable energy supply, reduce CO2 emissions and make the EU more energy-efficient. Concerns about security of supply have also led to a greater focus on improved energy relations with supplier countries, and new institutional structures are being put in place. How much progress has been made in the field of security, internal market and external energy policies? And in which of these areas has the EU already implemented a fully integrated policy? IEA Energy Policies Review: The European Union - 2008 addresses these questions and also analyses the impact of the most recent major EU policy measures, in particular the Energy & Climate Package of January 2008 and the 3rd Liberalisation Package of September 2007. This book finds that both of these proposals are highly ambitious. But implementing them and reviewing both volume and allocation of energy R&D will be necessary to achieve a sustainable energy future in a fully competitive integrated EU energy market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043381-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: This review takes an in-depth look at the energy challenges facing Japan today and provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements to help guide the country towards a more sustainable energy future. Declaring climate change and environment as a top priority of the 2008 G8 Summit in Hokkaido, host country Japan has demonstrated its commitment to pressing ahead in these domains. Already a world leader in advancing energy technology transfer and environmental policy, the country is determined to further improve its domestic policies, moving it towards a more sustainable and secure energy pathway for the long term. Along with other accomplishments, government support for energy R&D is very strong and policies to enhance the efficiency of appliances – both for domestic consumption and export – are models for other countries. Yet there is still room for progress. Most importantly, a greater reliance on market forces throughout the system could lead customers to choices that enhance security, raise economic efficiency and promote environmental protection. Particularly with respect to climate change goals – Japan is the world’s fifth-largest greenhouse gas emitter – strengthening the value on greenhouse gas emissions would help give consumers the appropriate signals they need to make the right choices. Enhancing energy savings through efforts aimed at particular sectors (sectoral approaches) could be a part of the overall policy mix, along with ongoing leadership in promoting energy efficiency. The government should continue to work to complement existing voluntary instruments with stronger ones, including ones that rely more on market incentives, and standards and requirements.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043367-en
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  • 40
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Finland 2007 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030725
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Finland
    Abstract: This book takes an in-depth look at Finland’s energy policy today and, through comparisons with good examples in other IEA countries, provides critiques and recommendations for improvements to guide the country towards a sustainable energy future. While the review provides comprehensive coverage of all topics, this thematic report highlights energy efficiency and energy R&D.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030725-en
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  • 41
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    Energy Policy Review of Indonesia (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy policy review of Indonesia
    RVK:
    QG 850
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Indonesien ; Energy ; Indonesia ; Indonesien ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: This comprehensive review offers an analysis of Indonesia’s energy sector, with findings and recommendations that draw on experience in IEA member countries. Six areas are suggested for priority attention, including progressive reduction in fuel and electricity subsidies, better implementation of policy, improving clarity of the investment framework, helping the energy regulators do their job more effectively, and harnessing a sustainable development agenda particularly renewable energy and energy efficiency.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264048294-en
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  • 42
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    Pétrole et transports : La fin des carburants à prix abordable ? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102534
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.139
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Oil Dependence; Is Transport Running Out of Affordable Fuel?
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: La consommation de pétrole se concentre de plus en plus dans le secteur des transports. Ainsi, des variations relativement limitées de la demande dans ce secteur peuvent avoir des effets de plus en plus sensibles sur les cours du pétrole. Cette table ronde évalue les mesures dont disposent les pouvoirs publics pour sécuriser les approvisionnements pétroliers et freiner le changement climatique. Elle examine leur interaction avec les mesures destinées à gérer la congestion et réduire la pollution atmosphérique locale. Elle met aussi en évidence un certain nombre d’incompatibilités et d’arbitrages nécessaires, soulignant ainsi l’importance d’une approche intégrée dans l’élaboration des politiques. La table ronde examine aussi les facteurs qui déterminent les prix du pétrole à court et long terme, ainsi que les perspectives concernant les approvisionnements pétroliers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102534-fr
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  • 43
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    Oil Dependence : Is Transport Running Out of Affordable Fuel? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102527
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.139
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pétrole et transports ; La fin des carburants à prix abordable ?
    DDC: 333.8/23213
    RVK:
    QQ 800
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Oil consumption is increasingly concentrated in transport and relatively limited fluctuations in transport demand can have increasingly significant effects on oil prices. This Round Table assesses the policy instruments available to address oil security and climate change and examines their interaction with measures to manage congestion and mitigate local air pollution. A number of incompatibilities and trade-offs are identified underlining the importance of integrated policy making. The report includes an examination of the factors that drive oil prices in the short and long term and a discussion of the outlook for oil supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102527-en
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  • 44
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    CO2 Capture and Storage: A Key Carbon Abatement Option (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264041417
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Gasspeicherung ; Kohlendioxid ; Unterirdische Lagerung ; Speichergestein ; Kohlendioxid ; Abscheidung ; Speicher ; Endlagerung ; Methode
    Abstract: Oil, coal and natural gas will remain the world’s dominant sources of energy over the next decades, with resulting carbon dioxide emissions set to increase to unsustainable levels. However, technologies that help reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuels can reverse this trend. CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is particularly promising. CCS takes CO2 from large stationary sources and stores it in deep geological layers to prevent its release into the atmosphere. Responding to a G8 Gleneagles request, this study documents progress toward the development of CCS, covering capture, transportation and storage technologies and their costs; storage capacity estimates, regional assessment of CCS potential; legal and regulatory frameworks; public awareness and outreach strategies; and financial mechanisms and international mechanisms. It also discusses the role of CCS in ambitious new energy scenarios that aim for substantial emissions reduction. This publication elaborates the potential of CCS in coal-fuelled electricity generation and estimates for capture in the industry and fuel transformation sectors. Finally, it assesses the infrastructure needed to process and transport large volumes of CO2.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264041417-en
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  • 45
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    Biofuels : Linking Support to Performance (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.138
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biocarburants ; Lier les politiques de soutien aux bilans énergétiques et environnementaux
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Biofuels received USD 15 billion in subsidies in OECD Member countries in 2007, but did they deliver benefits in terms of climate change or oil security? Present policies make no link between support for biofuels and their environmental performance, and biofuels do not all perform equally well. In fact, much of the current ethanol and biodiesel production may result in higher overall emissions of greenhouse gases than using conventional transport fuels - gasoline and diesel. The papers published in this report examine the economics of biofuels and assess the potential of conventional biofuel production in OECD countries, Brazilian ethanol exports and some second generation biofuels to supply world markets with transport fuels. This Round Table analyses the critical issues for governments in determining support for biofuels, particularly the level of greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life-cycle of these fuels and the wider environmental impacts of farming biomass. It also reviews recent progress in developing certification systems for biofuels – an essential tool for tying support to achievement in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, although certification cannot be expected to prevent rainforest destruction for the development of biofuel crop plantations. The report concludes with a short list of recommendations for policy reform if support for biofuels is to contribute effectively to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101803-en
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  • 46
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    Biocarburants : Lier les politiques de soutien aux bilans énergétiques et environnementaux (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101827
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.138
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biofuels; Linking Support to Performance
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: En 2007, les biocarburants ont reçu 15 milliards USD de subventions dans les pays membres de l’OCDE. Ont-ils pour autant apporté des bénéfices en termes de protection du climat ou de sécurité énergétique ? Dans le cadre des politiques actuelles, le soutien aux biocarburants n’est pas lié à leurs performances environnementales, alors même que tous les biocarburants sont loin d’afficher le même bilan écologique. A vrai dire, il se pourrait qu’une grande partie de l’éthanol et du biodiesel produit aujourd’hui engendre au bout du compte davantage d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre que les carburants traditionnels que sont l’essence et le diesel. Les rapports réunis dans cet ouvrage examinent la dimension économique des biocarburants et évaluent les perspectives de production de biocarburants conventionnels dans les pays de l’OCDE, les possibilités d’exportation de l’éthanol brésilien et le potentiel de certains biocarburants de seconde génération dans l’optique de l’approvisionnement des marchés mondiaux en carburants. La Table ronde dont ils sont issus a analysé les aspects essentiels qui doivent guider les gouvernements dans la détermination du soutien apporté aux biocarburants, notamment les émissions de gaz à effet de serre produits par ces carburants sur l’ensemble de leur cycle de vie et l’impact plus général des cultures énergétiques sur l’environnement. Sont également analysés, les progrès intervenus récemment en matière d’élaboration de systèmes de certification pour les biocarburants, sachant que ces systèmes sont un outil essentiel pour lier le soutien à l’abaissement effectif des émissions de gaz à effet de serre – qui ne saurait toutefois pas empêcher la destruction des forêts tropicales et leur remplacement par des surfaces consacrées à la production de biocarburants. En conclusion, l’ouvrage présente une courte liste de réformes préconisées pour faire en sorte que les politiques de soutien aux biocarburants contribuent véritablement à l’atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101827-fr
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  • 47
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    Biofuel Support Policies: An Economic Assessment (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050112
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques de soutien des biocarburants ; une évaluation économique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Biofuel support policies
    DDC: 662
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: Biokraftstoff ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; USA ; EU-Staaten ; Kanada ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books ; Bioenergie ; Umweltpolitik ; Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung
    Abstract: Governments in many OECD countries, as well as in a number of countries outside the OECD area, actively promote the production and use of alternative transport fuels made from agricultural commodities. This report, jointly produced by the OECD and the IEA and drawing on information from a number of other organisations, analyses the implications of this support from various perspectives. The report shows that the high level of policy support contributes little to reduced greenhouse-gas emissions and other policy objectives, while it adds to a range of factors that raise international prices for food commodities. It concludes that there are alternatives to current support policies for biofuels that would more effectively allow governments to achieve their objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050112-en
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  • 48
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    Politiques de l'environnement : Quelles combinaisons d'instruments ? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018754
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Instrument Mixes for Environmental Policy
    DDC: 382
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Pour faire face à un problème environnemental donné, on peut utiliser une « combinaison d'instruments », par opposition à un instrument unique. Quelles sont les répercussions de ces « combinaisons d’instruments » sur l'efficacité environnementale et l'efficience économique ? Quels sont les principaux arguments qui justifient le recours à de telles combinaisons, et les combinaisons de mesures actuellement utilisées sont-elles effectivement bien conçues en réponse à ces arguments ? Telles sont les principales questions abordées dans ce rapport, qui repose sur une série d'études de cas approfondies. Ces études de cas analysent les combinaisons d'instruments appliquées dans les pays de l'OCDE pour s’attaquer aux problèmes suivants : les déchets ménagers, les sources diffuses de pollution de l'eau en agriculture, l'efficacité énergétique dans le secteur résidentiel, la pollution atmosphérique régionale et les émissions atmosphériques de mercure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018754-fr
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  • 49
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    Energiepolitik der IEA-Länder : Deutschland Prüfung 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037816
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energy Policies of IEA Countries; Germany 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2007
    Keywords: Energy ; Germany
    Abstract: Nur wenige Länder können einen so starken Effekt auf die Energiepolitik in Europa ausüben wie Deutschland. Auf Grund ihrer Größe und strategischen Lage spielt die Bundesrepublik eine entscheidende Rolle auf den Energiemärkten der Region, weshalb eine vernünftige Energiepolitik und starke Energiemarktgestaltung unerlässlich sind. Diesbezüglich macht die Bundesrepublik weiterhin bemerkenswerte Fortschritte. Sie hat die Reform ihrer Strom- und Erdgasmärkte fortgesetzt, einen Zeitplan für die Beendigung der Kohlesubventionen aufgestellt, ist im Begriff, wichtige Klima- und Umweltziele zu erfüllen und hat die Themenkreise Energie, Effizienz und Umwelt im Rahmen ihres EU-Ratsvorsitzes und ihrer G8-Präsidentschaft ganz oben auf die weltpolitische Agenda gestellt. Die Internationale Energie-Agentur (IEA) begrüßt diese Anstrengungen. Gleichwohl bleibt noch einiges zu tun, um Deutschlands Energiepolitiken und -märkte weiter zu verbessern. Der geplante Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie in den kommenden Jahren hätte erhebliche Auswirkungen auf den Energiemix des Landes und gibt daher Anlass zu Besorgnis in Bezug auf Versorgungssicherheit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Umweltverträglichkeit, für Deutschland ebenso wie für Europa insgesamt. Und auch wenn bereits Fortschritte erzielt wurden, muss doch mehr getan werden, um wirklich gleiche Bedingungen für alle Marktteilnehmer und damit die Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung von Wettbewerb auf den Strom- und Gasmärkten zu schaffen. Dazu bedarf es einer effektiven Trennung der Netzaktivitäten und starker Befugnisse für die Regulierungsbehörden. Die Umweltpolitik des Landes schließlich fördert zwar die Erfüllung ehrgeiziger Zielvorgaben, ist jedoch mit hohen Kosten verbunden – und gelegentlich geraten Maßnahmen in verschiedenen Politikbereichen miteinander in Konflikt. Diese Veröffentlichung befasst sich eingehend mit den energiepolitischen Herausforderungen, vor denen Deutschland steht, was durch eine kritische Analyse anhand von Vergleichen mit nachahmenswerten Beispielen aus anderen IEA-Ländern und Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Politik ergänzt wird. Damit soll Deutschland der Weg in eine nachhaltige Energiezukunft aufgezeigt werden.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037816-de
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  • 50
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    Medium-Term Oil Market Report 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Despite four years of high oil prices, this report sees increasing market tightness beyond 2010, with OPEC spare capacity declining to minimal levels by 2012. A stronger demand outlook, together with project slippage and geopolitical problems has led to downward revisions of OPEC spare capacity by 2 mb/d in 2009. Despite an increase in biofuels production and a bunching of supply projects over the next few years, OPEC spare capacity is expected to remain relatively constrained before 2009 when slowing upstream capacity growth and accelerating non-OECD demand once more pull it down to uncomfortably low levels...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037946-en
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  • 51
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    Integrating Science & Technology into Development Policies : An International Perspective (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032101
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Workshop on International Science and Technology Co-operation for Sustainable Development (2005) Integrating science and technology into development policies
    RVK:
    QG 700
    Keywords: Technologietransfer ; Wissenstransfer ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Konferenzschrift ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD ; Technologietransfer
    Abstract: Science and Technology is a key driver of economic growth, and it may also help provide answers for managing resources and reducing pollution, addressing climate change and preserving biodiversity, as well as reducing disease and safeguarding health and well-being, while maintaining the general quality of life. This publication provides the proceedings of an international workshop, held in South Africa, intended to address how international co-operation in science and technology can further the three inter-related aspects (economic, social and environmental) of the development process. The workshop focused on good practices in international S&T partnerships, specifically in the areas of water and energy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032101-en
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  • 52
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    Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Generation : Case studies of recently constructed coal- and gas-fired power plants (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Kraftwerk ; Fossiler Brennstoff ; Kohlendioxidemission
    Abstract: To meet future energy demand growth and replace older or inefficient units, a large number of fossil fuel-fired plants will need to bebuilt worldwide in the next decade. Yet CO2 emissions from fossil-fired power generation are a major contributor to climate change. As a result, new plants must be designed and operated at highest efficiency. The case studies in this report respond to a request to the IEA from the G8 Summit in July 2005 to illustrate the degree of efficiency now achieved in modern plants in different parts of the world using various grades of fossil fuels. The plants were selected from different geographical areas, because local factors influence attainable efficiency. The results of these analyses show that the technologies for high efficiency (low CO2 emissions) and very low conventional pollutant emissions (particulates, SO2, NOx) from fossil fuel-fired power generation are available now through PCC, IGCC or NGCC at a commercially acceptable cost.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039094-en
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  • 53
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    Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development : Political Economy Aspects (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019379
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Sustainable Development Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Subsidy reform and sustainable development
    RVK:
    AR 14300
    RVK:
    QD 020
    RVK:
    QL 300
    Keywords: Subvention ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: Unsustainable subsidies are pervasive in the industry, agriculture, transport and energy sectors of most OECD countries. They are expensive for governments and can have harmful environmental and social effects. Eliminating these supports requires comprehensive approaches which are supported by top political leadership, transparent in their potential effects on all parties, consistent over the long-term, and often accompanied by transition supports. This volume uses sectoral case studies to illustrate that achieving change in structural policies such as subsidies depends largely on good governance practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019379-en
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  • 54
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    Climate Policy Uncertainty and Investment Risk (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Blyth, William Climate policy uncertainty and investment risk
    RVK:
    QT 200
    RVK:
    AR 28000
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Energiewirtschaft ; Investition ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Energy industries Environmental aspects ; Energy policy ; Investments Environmental aspects ; Power resources Government policy ; Energy ; Klimaschutz ; Energiewirtschaft ; Investitionsverhalten ; Risikokosten
    Abstract: Our climate is changing. Less certain, however, is the timing and magnitude of climate change, and the cost of transition to a low-carbon world. This book identifies how climate change policy uncertainty may affect investment behaviour in the power sector. For power companies, where capital stock is intensive and long-lived, those risks rank among the biggest and can create an incentive to delay investment. Our analysis results show that the risk premiums of climate change uncertainty can add 40% of construction costs of the plant for power investors, and 10% of price surcharges for the electricity end-users. Climate Policy Uncertainty and Investment Risk tells what can be done in policy design to reduce these costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030152-en
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  • 55
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    Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2) : Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (506 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) ; Électricité, eau et transports ; quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) : Électricité, eau et transports : quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Infrastructure to 2030 ; Vol. 2: Mapping policy for electricity, water and transport
    Keywords: Infrastrukturpolitik ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrspolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Russian Federation ; OECD ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Wasserversorgung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Telekommunikationswirtschaft ; Prognose 2030
    Abstract: Infrastructure systems play a vital role in economic and social development. Demand for infrastructure is set to continue to expand significantly in the decades ahead, driven by major factors of change such as global economic growth, technological progress, climate change, urbanisation and growing congestion. However, challenges abound: many parts of infrastructure systems in OECD countries are ageing rapidly, public finances are becoming increasingly tight and infrastructure financing is becoming more complex. This book assesses the future viability of current "business models" in five infrastructure sectors: electricity, water, rail freight, urban mass transit and road transport. It proposes policy recommendations that aim to enhance capacity to meet future infrastructure needs, including measures that could be taken by governments both collectively and individually to create more favourable institutional, policy and regulatory frameworks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031326-en
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  • 56
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    Tackling Investment Challenges in Power Generation in IEA Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030084
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Market Experience
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Tackling investment challenges in power generation
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energy ; Energieerzeugung ; Investitionspolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: What are the recent trends and prospects for investment in power generation? What are the main drivers and barriers? This book assesses these issues and gives special emphasis to the question of how uncertainties may affect investment decisions. Uncertainties on CO2 constraints, on power plant licensing, on acceptability of nuclear power, on local opposition to any new energy infrastructure, on government support for specific generation technologies and on government policies on energy efficiency are particularly disturbing. Market liberalisation can also be a key uncertainty, but this may be greatly reduced and deliver considerable benefits if liberalisation is implemented whole-heartedly and backed by on-going government commitment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030084-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Hungary 2006 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Hungary
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's periodic review of Hungary's energy policies and programmes. This edition focuses on liberalisation of the electricity and gas markets, subsidies, security of gas supplies, and energy efficiency.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109964-en
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  • 58
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    Instrument Mixes for Environmental Policy (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018419
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques de l'environnement ; Quelles combinaisons d'instruments ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Braathen, Nils Axel Instrument mixes for environmental policy
    DDC: 363.7063
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: OECD ; Umweltpolitik ; Policy-Mix ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation ; Analyse ; Instrument ; Energy ; Environment ; Umweltbelastung ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: What are the impacts on environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency of using an “instrument mix”, rather than a single instrument, to address a given environmental problem? What are the main arguments for using such instrument mixes, and are the instrument mixes currently in use actually well designed in response to these arguments? These are the main questions addressed in this report, which is based on a series of in-depth case studies. The case studies analyse instrument mixes applied in OECD countries to address household waste, non-point sources of water pollution in agriculture, residential energy efficiency, regional air pollution and emissions to air of mercury.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018419-en
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  • 59
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    Legal Aspects of Storing CO2 : Update and Recommendations (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034136
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 363.738/746
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: CO2 emissions from energy production and consumption are a major contributor to climate change. Thus, stabilising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by reducing these emissions is an increasingly urgent international necessity. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) represents one of the most promising potential solutions to contain emissions resulting from continued use of coal and other fossil fuels. However, challenges such as a lack of legal and regulatory frameworks to guide near-term demonstration projects and long-term technology expansion must be addressed to facilitate the expanded use of CCS. In October 2006, the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) convened with legal experts,to discuss the range of legal issues associated with expanded use of CCS and to identify ways to facilitate further CCS development and implementation Participants examined gaps and barriers to the deployment of CCS and identified recommendations to guide further development of appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks. This publication provides policymakers with a detailed summary of the main legal issues surrounding the CCS debate, including up-to-date background information, case studies and conclusions on the best legal and regulatory approaches to advance CCS. These strategies can be used to enable further development, deployment and demonstration of CCS technology, potentially an essential element in global efforts to mitigate climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034136-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030411
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energiepolitik der IEA-Länder; Deutschland Prüfung 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energiepolitik der IEA-Länder: Deutschland Prüfung 2007
    Keywords: Energy ; Germany
    Abstract: An in-depth look at the energy challenges facing Germany, this book addresses such issues as the phasing out of nuclear power, levelling the playing field for competition in the gas and electricity industries, improved regulation, and environment policies that are working at cross-purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030411-en
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  • 61
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United Kingdom 2006 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The UK is facing a critical moment in its energy policy: North Sea oil and gas production is declining, dependence on imported energy is increasing, while rising energy prices and climate change considerations pose further challenges. Energy Policies of the United Kingdom 2006, the second thematic review of an IEA country, addresses these challenges, focusing on energy investment, energy efficiency and the return of nuclear power to the political agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109780-en
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  • 62
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    Energy Security and Climate Policy - Assessing Interactions (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109940
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lefèvre, Nicolas Energy security and climate policy
    DDC: 333.79
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energieversorgung ; Klimawandel ; Welt ; Energy ; Energie ; Umwelt ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: World energy demand is surging. Oil, coal and natural gas still meet most global energy needs, creating serious implications for the environment. One result is that CO2 emissions, the principal cause of global warming, are rising. This new study underlines the close link between efforts to ensure energy security and those to mitigate climate change. Decisions on one side affect the other. To optimise the efficiency of their energy policy, OECD countries must consider energy security and climate change mitigation priorities jointly. The bookpresents a framework to assess interactions between energy security and climate change policies, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. The quantitative analysis is based on the development of energy security indicators, tracking the evolution of policy concerns linked to energy resource concentration. The “indicators” are applied to a reference scenario and CO2 policy cases for five case-study countries: The Czech Republic, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Simultaneously resolving energy security and environmental concerns is a key challenge for policy makers today. This study helps chart the course.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109940-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: The Republic of Korea 2006 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109766
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: South Korea's energy sector has made great strides over the past three decades in terms of infrastructure and security. Though it has no links to nearby countries that would allow it to rely on electricity imports or piped natural gas, the country has rapidly electrified, built a diverse portfolio of electricity supply, developed a robust nuclear energy industry and become one of the pioneers in the liquefied natural gas trade. As the most recent member of the International Energy Agency (IEA), this progress is remarkable and its enhancement of its policy goals – adding economic efficiency and environmental sustainability to energy security – is commendable. Through analysis of its existing policies and comparisons with good examples in other IEA countries, this book provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109766-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Switzerland 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: This 2007 edition of the International Energy Agency's periodic review of Switzerland's energy policies and programmes takes an in-depth look at the energy challenges facing Switzerland and provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements. It finds that Switzerland is entering decisive times in its energy policy. In 2008, the country should see remarkable advance in electricity market reform. Support for renewable electricity is set to increase massively. Decisions on post-Kyoto targets are getting closer, and a CO2 tax will be introduced for heating and process fuels. Plus, new measures to increase energy efficiency and the broader use of renewable energy are high on the political agenda. Since the last in-depth review in 2003, Switzerland has made progress in most areas of energy policy. Still, more work remains to be done. Maintaining sufficient electricity capacity implies even stronger policies to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. Switzerland’s climate policy should focus more on reducing emissions from private car use, the largest and fastest-growing emitter. Switzerland’s world-class energy R&D is expected to more than halve energy needs per capita by the second half of this century. This ambitious goal needs to be supported by consistent policies on energy efficiency and climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030701-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Ireland 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030688
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Ireland
    Abstract: Ireland’s remarkable economic growth over the last 15 years had strong effects on the energy sector. Due to rapidly increasing demand, Ireland has become much more dependent on international energy markets than it was in the past. This review analyses the energy challenges facing Ireland and suggests solutions, focusing on moving ahead with market reform and increasing the energy efficiency of the Irish economy. Establishing the “All-Island” electricity market will be of critical importance. Sharper focus on energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy, but in particular in transport and buildings, must be a priority. Finally, to achieve its ambitious goals for renewables in energy supply, Ireland will have to provide ample resources for research and development, to allow technologies such as ocean power to move from the laboratory to the market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030688-en
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  • 66
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    Produits énergétiques et écologiques : Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024847
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur la politique commerciale
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la politique commerciale
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental and Energy Products; The Benefits of Liberalising Trade
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce livre a pour vocation d’aider les négociateurs à se situer dans le débat international sur la libéralisation des échanges de biens et services environnementaux. Il approfondit l’analyse dans trois domaines : les produits écologiquement préférables, les énergies renouvelables et les produits économes en énergie. Dans chacun des trois chapitres, les auteurs se penchent sur le champ et la définition de ces différentes catégories de produits, examinent les obstacles tarifaires et non tarifaires aux échanges et expliquent les retombées écologiques d’une libéralisation. Le rapport fait suite à un précédent ouvrage publié en 2005 sous le titre Biens et services environnementaux : pour une ouverture des marchés au service de l’environnement et du développement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024847-fr
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    Oil Supply Security: Emergency Response of IEA Countries 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040045
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Oil supply security
    DDC: 333.823211
    RVK:
    QR 534
    Keywords: Energieversorgung ; Erdölkonsum ; Welt ; Energy ; Erdölindustrie ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: When Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf of Mexico in 2005, the region’s oil production and refining infrastructure was devastated and world energy markets were disrupted. The International Energy Agency decided in a matter of days to bring 60 million barrels of additional oil to the market. The emergency response system worked – the collective action helped to stabilise global markets. This book describes the oil emergency response systems of IEA countries and assesses how well prepared the IEA is to deal with an oil supply disruption.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040045-en
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    Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 : Télécommunications, transports terrestres, eau et électricité (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024014
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (412 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030; Telecom, Land Transport, Water and Electricity
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030: Telecom, Land Transport, Water and Electricity
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics
    Abstract: L’énergie, les transports, l’eau et les télécommunications sont autant d’infrastructures indispensables au développement et à la croissance, aujourd’hui comme demain. Au cours des prochaines décennies, les besoins en investissements infrastructurels seront massifs, et se chiffreront en trillions de dollars. Comment seront financés ces investissements, alors que les populations des pays de l’OCDE vieillissent rapidement et que la situation des finances publiques devient plus délicate ? Comment des facteurs tels que l’urbanisation, le changement climatique et la mondialisation affecteront-ils le développement des infrastructures dans les pays de l’OCDE ? et comment le rôle du secteur public et des acteurs privés évoluera-t-il au fil du temps ? Ce ne sont là que quelques-unes des questions que le rapport de l'OCDE rapport soulève dans son évaluation à long terme du devenir des infrastructures des pays de l'OCDE et de la zone non-OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024014-fr
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  • 69
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    Environmental and Energy Products : The Benefits of Liberalising Trade (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Produits énergétiques et écologiques ; Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environmental and energy products
    RVK:
    AR 26600
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Handelsliberalisierung ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Erneuerbare Energie ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Energietechnik ; Umweltverträgliches Produkt ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: This collection of studies is intended to help trade negotiators navigate through the international discussion over liberalising trade in environmental goods and services by exploring in greater depth three categories of environmental goods: environmentally preferable products, renewable-energy products and energy-efficient products. Its three chapters consider the scope and definition of each product category, examine tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, and explain the environmental effects of liberalising such goods. This book follows a previous volume, Trade that Benefits the Environment and Development: Opening Markets for Environmental Goods and Services, published in 2005,
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024823-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Greece 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Greece
    Abstract: This International Energy Agency review of Greece's energy policies provides a comprehensive assessment of Greece's energy policies and programs. Covering oil, natural gas, renewables, and electricity and lignite, the review also examines cross-cutting issues like energy and the environment, energy efficiency, and energy technology and R&D. The report finds that in recent years, Greece has much progress in reforming its electricity and gas markets, but further reform is needed to achieve a fully competitive energy market. The report also recommends actions to reduce CO2 emissions, reduce dependence on oil, and increase energy efficiency.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109742-en
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  • 71
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    Infrastructure to 2030 : Telecom, Land Transport, Water and Electricity (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264023994
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 ; Télécommunications, transports terrestres, eau et électricité
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 : Télécommunications, transports terrestres, eau et électricité
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Infrastructure to 2030 ; [Vol. 1]: Telecom, land transport, water and electricity
    RVK:
    QD 200
    Keywords: 2004-2030 ; Infrastruktur ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Wasserversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; OECD ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Wasserversorgung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Telekommunikationswirtschaft ; Prognose 2030
    Abstract: Energy, transport, water and telecommunications all are essential to future development and growth. However, infrastructure investment requirements over the coming decades will be massive, running into trillions of dollars. How will the needed investments be financed, given that OECD populations are ageing fast and public finances tightening? How will such factors as urbanisation, climate change and globalisation affect the development of infrastructures in OECD countries? And how will the role of the public sector and private actors evolve over time? These are just some of the questions this OECD report addresses in this long-term assessment of the future of infrastructures in both OECD and non-OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264023994-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Belgium 2005 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109384
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Belgium
    Abstract: This comprehensive review of Belgium's energy policies and programmes covers each major type of energy (oil, natural gas, electricity, nuclear, and renewables) as well as topics that cut across types of energy including energy and environment, R&D, and market regulation. The review finds measured progress in electricity market liberalisation but expresses concern about what will replace the nuclear capacity that is being phased out. Internal integration needs improvement and Belgian customers could benefit from more competition. A series of recommendations are made to address these and other issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109384-en
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    Ukraine : Energy Policy Review 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109926
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Ukraine has one of the most energy-intensive economies in the industrialised world. While energy consumption has dropped since the country’s independence, reliance on imports, particularly on gas from Russia, has not declined. This report examines how the Ukraine can meet these challenges. It identifies three key priority areas for action: energy efficiency, cost-reflective pricing and transparency. Efficiency represents not only Ukraine’s single best opportunity to improve energy security but is also vital for the country’s growth and development. The report covers all aspects of the energy sector, such as energy demand, the policy framework and subsectors including energy efficiency, oil, gas, coal, electricity, district heating and renewable energy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109926-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Denmark 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109728
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Denmark
    Abstract: This energy policy review of Denmark offers a comprehensive analysis of the country’s energy sector, evaluating its strengths and weaknesses across the fuel mix, as well as looking at broader issues such as energy efficiency, environmental performance, competition, and technology research and development. It also includes policy critiques and recommendations, drawing on experience across IEA member countries. While this reviewplaces particular emphasis on energy efficiency and renewable energy, it also covers the full spectrum of the Danish energy sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109728-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: New Zealand 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; New Zealand
    Abstract: This energy policy review of New Zealand offers a comprehensive analysis of the country’s energy sector, evaluating its strengths and weaknesses across the fuel mix, as well as looking at broader issues such as energy efficiency, environmental performance and technology research and development. It also includes policy critiques and recommendations, drawing on experience across IEA member countries. The review finds that New Zealand faces some serious energy sector challenges. Natural gas production from the major Maui field is rapidly declining. New domestic resources must be found or an import capability developed and imports secured to assure long-term energy security. At the same time, New Zealand’s greenhouse gas emissions are rising: the most recent estimates put them at 21% above their Kyoto target over the first commitment period. Nevertheless, New Zealand's considered and proactive approach will serve it well in facing these challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109704-en
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    Innovation in Energy Technology : Comparing National Innovation Systems at the Sectoral Level (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014084
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation in energy technology
    RVK:
    QR 536
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energietechnik ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Brennstoffzelle ; Energiepolitik ; Energietechnik ; Innovationsförderung ; Wasserstoffenergietechnik ; Technologiepolitik
    Abstract: This report reviews efforts under way in a number of OECD countries to advance innovation in energy technology, with a particular focus on hydrogen fuel cells. It compares energy innovation systems in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Norway, the United Kingdom and United States to identify the roles of government, industry, universities and other public research organisations in the innovation process. It also examines the policies governments are implementing to finance needed research and development and to stimulate market demand for innovative energy technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014084-en
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    Light's labour's lost : Policies for Energy-Efficient Lighting (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (560 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Efficiency Policy Profiles
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Light's labour's lost
    RVK:
    AR 26600
    RVK:
    AR 26300
    Keywords: Licht ; Energieeinsparung ; Energietechnik ; G7-Staaten ; Energy ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Energieeinsparung ; Energieverbrauch ; Beleuchtung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Beleuchtung ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: When William Shakespeare wrote Love’s Labour’s Lost he would have used light from tallow candles at a cost (today) of £12,000 per million-lumen hours. The same amount of light from electric lamps now costs only £2! But today’s low-cost illumination still has a dark side. Globally, lighting consumes more electricity than is produced by either hydro or nuclear power and results in CO2 emissions equivalent to two thirds of the world’s cars. This book documents a broad range of policy measures to stimulate efficient lighting being implemented around the world and suggests new ways these could be strengthened to prevent light’s labour from being lost.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109520-en
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  • 78
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    Kernenergie heute (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026544
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Energy Today
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'énergie nucléaire aujourd'hui
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Die Studie befasst sich mit den wichtigsten gegenwärtigen Fragen zur Kernenergie, und gibt einen zuverlässigen, auf Fakten gestützten Überblick über die Thematik. In der Studie werden die grundlegenden Fragen angesprochen, die für die Kernenergiedebatte heute von Bedeutung sind. Es werden wissenschaftliche und technologische Grundlagen ausgearbeitet sowie Fakten und offene Fragen im Zusammenhang mit der Behandlung radioaktiver Abfälle, der kerntechnischen Sicherheit, dem Strahlenschutz, der Wirtschaftlichkeit sowie dem internationalen Atomrecht und der Nichtverbreitung von Kernwaffen behandelt. Es wird die Kernenergie im Kontext der nachhaltigen Entwicklung betrachtet und auch auf das Potenzial neuer Kernenergie-Technologien eingegangen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026544-de
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  • 79
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    Slovak Republic : Energy Policy Review 2005 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This review analyses the Slovak energy sector and policies, and provides recommendations for the government. It is a comprehensive assessment of what constitutes a remarkable case study of effective energy reforms in an economy in transition, which has applied for IEA membership.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109667-en
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  • 80
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    Optimising Russian Natural Gas : Reform and Climate Policy (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Optimising Russian natural gas
    RVK:
    QG 480
    RVK:
    QR 534
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Rahmenübereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen über Klimaänderungen ; Gaswirtschaft ; Erdgasvorkommen ; Gasversorgung ; Umweltbelastung ; Klimaschutz ; Internationale Umweltpolitik ; Russland ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltschutz ; Energiequelle ; Energieträger ; Erdgas ; Schadstoffemission ; Reduktion ; Rückgang ; Implementation ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Umweltzertifikathandel ; Treibhausgas ; Methan ; Energy ; Russland ; Russland ; Energieeinsparung ; Technologie ; Umweltpolitik ; Erdgasproduktion
    Abstract: The world’s largest gas producer and exporter, Russia has an enormous energy saving potential. At least 30 billion cubic meters – a fifth of Russian exports to European OECD countries -- could be saved every year by enhanced technology or energy efficiency. As the era of cheap gas in Russia comes to an end, this potential saving is increasingly important for Russians and importing countries. This book analyses and estimates the potential savings and the associated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that could be achieved in the oil extraction (flaring), gas transmission and distribution sectors. It also describes Russia’s emerging climate policy and institutional framework, including work still ahead before the country is eligible for the Kyoto Protocol’s flexibility mechanisms and can attract financing for greenhouse gas reductions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109872-en
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  • 81
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    China's Power Sector Reforms: Where to next? (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China's power sector reforms
    RVK:
    QG 860
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Elektrizitätspolitik ; China ; Energy ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energiemarkt ; Reform
    Abstract: In 2005, China added the equivalent of all the power plants in Norway and Sweden to its electricity generating capacity - and its remarkable demand growth shows no sign of abating. But how can the government best assure affordable and environmentally sustainable electricity supply in the future? Assessing the current state of electricity regulation in China, this report draws on experience elsewhere to explore how better to develop and communicate strategy, how to moderate growth in demand through increased efficiency, how to integrate environmental goals into planning and operation, how to ensure sufficient supply when and where it is needed, and how to handle institutional and governance challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109889-en
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  • 82
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    Energy Technologies at the Cutting Edge (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065246
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Energy Technologies at the Cutting Edge shows how the international community is looking to technology to help meet the pressing challenges of energy security, environmental protection, economic growth, and the need for clean energy technologies. This book presents information on a series of research, development and demonstration projects developed under a programme of international energy technology collabortion developed by the International Energy Agency. The projects cover clean and advanced fossil fuel technologies (including carbon capture and storage), an entire range of renewable energies (including biofuels), hydrogen and fuel cells, end-use technologies for transport, buildings and industry, fusion and cross-sectional activities. Print copies of this report are freely available, on request, from IEA.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065246-en
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  • 83
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Czech Republic 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: This is the International Energy Agency's 2005 review of the Czech Republic's energy policies and programmes. It systematically examines general energy policy, energy and the environment, and energy demand and end-use efficiency. It examines developments and prospects for each of the major sources of energy including oil, coal, natural gas, and renewables as well as for electricity, nuclear power, and co-generation. It also reviews developments in energy RD&D. Key recommendations include pursuing greater energy efficiency and emissions reductions and reinforcing the strength and independence of energy regulation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109308-en
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  • 84
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    Lessons from Liberalised Electricity Markets (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Market Experience
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Stridbaek, Ulrik Lessons from liberalised electricity markets
    RVK:
    QR 600
    RVK:
    QM 430
    Keywords: Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Deregulierung ; USA (Nordoststaaten) ; Australien ; Großbritannien ; Nordeuropa ; Energy ; Australien ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Liberalisierung ; Markteffizienz ; Elektrizitätsmarkt ; Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz ; Energieversorgung ; Elektrizitätseinspeisung ; Deregulierung
    Abstract: This book assesses experience in reforming electricity markets in OECD countries over the past decade, focusing on the issues that are critical for successful liberalisation. Experiences and examples in the study are drawn mainly from the UK, Australian, Nordic and North Eastern United States (the PJM interconnection) markets, which have all operated with considerable success for a number of years. The issues covered in the study are: the rationale and benefits of liberalisation; the governance required to create effective competition; the role of prices and transparent wholesale markets; consumer protection; incentives for investment, and impact of addressing security of supply and environmental policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109605-en
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  • 85
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    Learning from the Blackouts : Transmission System Security in Competitive Electricity Markets (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Market Experience
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Cooke, Doug Learning from the blackouts
    RVK:
    QR 600
    Keywords: Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Deregulierung ; Europa ; Nordamerika ; Australien ; Energy ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Australien ; Europa ; USA ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Sicherheitsanalyse ; Stromausfall ; Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz ; Deregulierung
    Abstract: Electricity market reform has fundamentally changed the environment for maintaining reliable and secure power supplies, creating a more integrated and dynamic network environment with new real-time challenges for reliable and secure transmission system operation. But despite these fundamental changes, system operating rules and practices remain largely unchanged. The major blackouts of 2003 and 2004 raised important questions about the appropriateness of these arrangements. This publication presents case studies drawn from recent large-scale blackouts in Europe, North America, and Australia. It concludes that a comprehensive, integrated policy response is required to avoid preventable large-scale blackouts in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109629-en
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  • 86
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Australia 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109346
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Australia
    Abstract: This International Energy Agency review of energy policies and programmes systematically examines Australia's general energy policy including energy policy as it relates to the environment, energy demand, and energy end-use efficiency as well as energy policy concerning oil, coal, natural gas, renewables, electricity, and nuclear power. It also reviews research and development activities and presents key statistics. It finds that environmental sustainability is Australia's greatest energy challenge, and it makes a series of recommendations on that and other issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109346-en
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  • 87
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2004 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108028
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Canada
    Abstract: This International Energy Agency review of Canada's energy policies and programmes systematically examines Canada's general energy scene and energy policy and then looks more specifically at energy and the environment, energy efficiency, policies and programs for specific types of energy, and energy R&D. It makes a series of policy recommendations, in particular with regard to meeting demand growth, emissions, efficiency, use of oil sands, and natural gas exploration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108028-en
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  • 88
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Turkey 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Turkey
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's review of Turkey's energy policies and programmes. Following a summary of the conclusions and recommendations, the report surveys the general energy scene and energy policy in Turkey, looks at energy and the environment, reviews efforts to enhance energy efficiency, and then examines developments related to oil, natural gas, coal, renewable energy, and electricity. The book closes with a look at Turkey's R&D efforts related to energy. The book finds that Turkey has undertaken significant reforms to open energy markets, but needs to undertake further actions to see the process to a successful conclusion. Turkey has been very active in international co-operation and has become an important energy corridor between east and west. It has transposed many EU laws and regulations into its own national legislation and is in the process of synchronising its electricity network with the European grid. It has also ratified the Framework Convention on Climate Change and is developing a climate change strategy. But it needs to focus more on energy supply and conservation, do more to evaluate the cost effectiveness of its policies, and better co-ordinate policies across various government bodies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109285-en
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  • 89
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Spain 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Spain
    Abstract: This International Energy Agency review of energy policies and programmes systematically examines Spain's general energy policy including energy policy as it relates to the environment, energy demand, and energy end-use efficiency as well as energy policy concerning oil, coal, natural gas, renewables, electricity, and nuclear power. It also reviews research and development activities and presents key statistics. It finds that meeting its Kyoto target will be a major challenge for Spain, and makes a series of recommendations on that and other issues including gas storage and electricity interconnections.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109322-en
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  • 90
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    Resources to Reserves : Oil and Gas Technologies for the Energy Markets of the Future (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109483
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Besson, Christian Resources to reserves
    DDC: 333.7932
    Keywords: 2030 ; Erdölgewinnung ; Erdgasgewinnung ; Energieversorgung ; Erdölvorkommen ; Energiereserven ; Welt ; Petroleum industry and trade Technological innovations ; Gas industry Technological innovations ; Energy development Technological innovations ; Energy ; Energieversorgung ; Erdölversorgung ; Gasversorgung ; Energieversorgung ; Erdölversorgung ; Gasversorgung
    Abstract: According to IEA projections, oil demand is expected to grow by more than 50% between 2002 and 2030, while gas demand will almost double. But where will all this oil and gas come from? There is no shortage of hydrocarbons in the ground, but quenching the world’s thirst for hydrocarbons will require tremendous technological progress to increase recovery in known reservoirs, access new reservoirs in deep offshore or remote regions, and kick start the use of “non-conventional” deposits. Technology will be the key to tapping those more difficult resources at costs that do not impair the world’s economic growth. Based on extensive inputs from industry experts, this book presents the main challenges and some of the technologies that are being investigated to address them. It also estimates of future costs of producing the various types of resources.
    Description / Table of Contents: TABLE OF CONTENTS; Executive Summary; Introduction; Chapter 1. Setting the Scene; Chapter 2. "Conventional" Oil and Gas; Chapter 3. Non-Conventional Oil Resources: Heavy Oil, Bitumen, Oil Sands, Oil Shales; Chapter 4. Non-Conventional Gas Resources and Methane Hydrates; Chapter 5. Transportation; Chapter 6. Environment and Safety; Chapter 7. Getting on Track; Key conclusions; References;
    Description / Table of Contents: TABLE OF CONTENTS; Executive Summary; Introduction; Chapter 1. Setting the Scene; Chapter 2. "Conventional" Oil and Gas; Chapter 3. Non-Conventional Oil Resources: Heavy Oil, Bitumen, Oil Sands, Oil Shales; Chapter 4. Non-Conventional Gas Resources and Methane Hydrates; Chapter 5. Transportation; Chapter 6. Environment and Safety; Chapter 7. Getting on Track; Key conclusions; References;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Auch als Buch-Ausg. erschienen
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109483-en
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  • 91
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Luxembourg 2004 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108806
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: This 2004 edition of the International Energy Agency's periodic review of Luxembourg's energy policies and programmes provides a comprehensive overview of Luxembourg's policies related to energy markets, energy efficiency, and environmental impacts of energy usage. Separate chapters examine developments regarding, oil, natural gas, and electricity and renewables. The report finds substantial progress in opening markets to competition, fuel diversification, energy independence, and stability of electricity supply, and discusses the challenges Luxembourg will face in meeting its Kyoto commitments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108806-en
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  • 92
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Norway 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Norway
    Abstract: This International Energy Agency review of Norway's energy policies and programmes examines recent developments related to each type of energy as well as environmental and market issues. Energy policy in Norway continues to be the object of considerable domestic and international political attention. The development of its petroleum resources contributes significantly to Europe’s security of supply. Norway enjoys extensive access to hydro power and its pioneer role in the liberalised Nordic electricity market is commendable. However, Norway is now facing important challenges. Energy consumption growth is outpacing onshore energy production, and CO2 emissions are rising. Better understanding by the general public is essential to overcome these challenges. Meeting its Kyoto target without compromising security of supply is Norway’s biggest energy policy challenge. We recommend a comprehensive public debate covering all the tools of climate change policy, including intensive use of Kyoto mechanisms. Norway expects a significant contribution from Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), but the technological and economic realities of CCS need to be considered in the public debate and decision making. The Norwegian petroleum industry is close to reaching peak of production. The government’s transparent and forward-looking way of addressing this is commendable. It has taken action to increase exploration and to open industrial opportunities further. The partial privatisation of Statoil is an important progress since the last review. Norwegian management of petroleum resources is an example of “best practice” in the management of valuable natural resources in a small economy. Low rainfall in 2002-03 highlighted the importance of trade and domestic investment in generating capacity to secure reliable electricity services. The planned transmission link between Norway and the Netherlands is therefore important. Increasing domestic access to gas can also make a significant contribution to security of supply in electricity, as it contributes to the diversification of generation sources. Congestion has become a regular feature in the Nordic electricity market, and more integrated regulatory planning and the development of transmission capacity should be addressed in concert with other Nordic countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109360-en
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  • 93
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    Making Cars More Fuel Efficient : Technology for Real Improvements on the Road (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103449
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 629.25/3
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energy ; Transport
    Abstract: Studies show that cars use significantly more fuel per kilometre than suggested by official test ratings. This publication presents an analysis of the fuel efficiency gap and examines technologies available that could reduce that gap and improve fuel economy. It examines such areas as engine and transmission technologies, hybrid technologies, tyre inflation and technology, lubricants, and fuel-saving driver support devices. Together, these technologies could improve average on-road fuel economy by 10% or more at low or modest cost. Policies that could be used to encourage uptake of these technologies are also identified.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103449-en
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  • 94
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    Saving Oil in a Hurry (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109421
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Saving oil in a hurry
    DDC: 333.7968
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: International Energy Agency ; Ölpreis ; Energieeinsparung ; Energieversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Energy ; Internationale Energieagentur ; Erdöl ; Verbrauch ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Reduktion
    Abstract: This book provides a new, quantitative assessment of the potential oil savings and costs of rapid oil demand restraint measures for transport. Some measures may make sense under any circumstances; others are primarily useful in emergency situations. All can be implemented on short notice – if governments are prepared. The report examines potential approaches for rapid uptake of telecommuting, "ecodriving”, and car-pooling, among other measures. It also provides methodologies and data that policy makers can use to decide which measures would be best adapted to their national circumstances. This “tool box” may help countries to complement other measures for coping with supply disruptions, such as use of strategic oil stocks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109421-en
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  • 95
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    Act Locally, Trade Globally : Emissions trading for climate policy (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109544
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Baron, Richard Act locally, trade globally
    DDC: 363.7387
    RVK:
    AR 28300
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Umweltabkommen ; Klimaschutz ; Welt ; Emissionshandel ; Energy ; Klima ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltzertifikathandel
    Abstract: Climate policy raises a number of challenges for the energy sector, the most significant being the transition from a high to a low-CO2 energy path in a few decades. Act Locally, Trade Globally seeks to provide a complete picture of the future role of emissions trading in climate policy and the energy sector. It offers an overview of existing trading systems, their mechanisms, and looks into the future of the instrument for limiting greenhouse gas emissions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109544-en
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  • 96
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    Saving Electricity in a Hurry : Dealing with Temporary Shortfalls on Electricity Suppliers (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Meier, Alan Saving electricity in a hurry
    DDC: 333.793217
    Keywords: Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Energieeinsparung ; OECD-Staaten ; Störungsmanagement ; Energy ; OECD ; Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Ausfall ; Elektrizitätsverbrauch ; Reduktion
    Abstract: Saving Electricity in a Hurry describes some of the recent power blackouts – from Norway to New Zealand and from Tokyo to Arizona – and the policies these regions used to quickly reduce their power consumption. It shows that countries can quickly reduce electricity consumption without harming the economy as much as blackouts or unplanned curtailments. The strategies are diverse, unique and often surprisingly cheap. They include mass media campaigns – where a good joke can save a Megawatt – improvements in equipment efficiency, and adjusting electricity prices to cut electricity demand in a hurry. This book explains how California replaced a million traffic signals with energy-saving models, how millions of Tokyo residents changed their thermostat settings, and how New Zealanders took shorter showers, all quickly enough to help avoid imminent blackouts. Finally, it connects these policies to the traditional goal of “saving electricity slowly”.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109469-en
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    Prospects for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109582
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Technology Analysis
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Prospects for hydrogen and fuel cells
    RVK:
    QR 536
    Keywords: Energy ; Brennstoffzelle ; Wasserstoffenergietechnik
    Abstract: Energy security, economic prosperity and environmental protection are prominent challenges for all countries. The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier and fuel cells as motive devices in transportation and energy distribution systems are possible solutions. This book provides the reader with an authoritative and objective analysis of policy responses and hurdles and business opportunities. Information regarding the latest RD&D, policy initiatives and private sector plans are assessed from the perspective of the rapidly changing global energy system in the next half century. This book provides:• The reality of the technology status-quo;• A hard look at hydrogen and fuel cells benefits in comparison to other options;• An incisive analysis of the main barriers for a hydrogen and fuel cell transition;• Four scenarios for a hydrogen and fuel cells transition;• Guidance for far-reaching decision making under uncertainty. Prospects for hydrogen and fuel cells offers the facts, figures and strategic thinking that is needed for true solutions to the world’s energy problems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109582-en
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  • 98
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    Russian Electricity Reform : Emerging Challenges and Opportunities (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cooke, Doug Russian electricity reform
    DDC: 333.7932150947
    RVK:
    QR 600
    Keywords: Elektrizitätspolitik ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Reform ; Russland ; Energy ; Russland ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Marktstruktur ; Marktregelung ; Reformpolitik
    Abstract: The Russian government is pursuing a strategy of very high economic growth, and as part of that strategy, has embarked on a highly ambitious programme of electricity reform. This book focuses on key aspects of the proposed reforms including creation of market structures, rules and a regulatory framework that will foster competitive markets; tariff rebalancing; and removal of cross subsidies. It also raises concerns as to the pace of reform in related areas such as the need for complementary reform in Russia's natural gas sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109445-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coûts prévisionnels de production de l'électricité : Mise à jour 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264008298
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2005
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Cette étude est la sixième d’une série sur les coûts prévisionnels de production de l’électricité. Elle présente et analyse des estimations de coûts pour quelque 130 centrales électriques et cogénératrices, qu’elles soient nucléaires, alimentées au charbon, au gaz, ou qu’elles utilisent des sources d’énergie renouvelables. Des experts de 19 pays membres de l'OCDE, 2 organisations internationales et 3 pays non membres ont contribué à l’étude. Les coûts moyens actualisés présentés et analysés dans le rapport ont été calculés sur la base des données fournies par les experts participants et d’hypothèses génériques choisies par le groupe, en utilisant une méthodologie commune. Ce rapport aborde des questions importantes relatives aux coûts de production de l’électricité. Il traite notamment des méthodes permettant d’incorporer les risques financiers dans l’évaluation des coûts, de l’effet sur ces coûts du marché des permis d’émissions du carbone ainsi que de l’intégration des centrales éoliennes dans les réseaux électriques. Faisant autorité en la matière, cette publication intéressera les décideurs du secteur énergétique, les analystes des systèmes électriques et les économistes de l’énergie.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264008298-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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