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  • 2015-2019  (12.046)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing AG  (4.253)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (4.076)
  • [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen  (3.717)
Datenlieferant
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
  • 1
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 144
    Schlagwort(e): Kohlekraftwerk ; Dauer ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltrecht ; Energierecht ; Welt ; 1962 - 2012 ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper assesses the effect of environmental regulations on plant survival and emissions using data on the extent of vintage differentiation of regulations (VDR5) regarding air pollution emission limit values for existing and new coal-fired power plants. Focussing on NOx and SOx emissions, the paper applies survival analysis techniques on a sample of generating units across 31 OECD and non-member countries between 1962 and 2012.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 4
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 145
    Schlagwort(e): Parken ; Preismanagement ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Verkehrspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Parking policies have significant environmental and economic implications, which have often been left unconsidered. This paper reviews the relevant literature to provide a deeper understanding of the main environmental and economic consequences of common parking policies, and suggest policy options to protect the environment and increase social welfare.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 127 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Suppl.: Anhang zu Milanez, Anna Taxation and the future of work Paris : OECD Publishing, 2019
    Serie: OECD taxation working papers no. 42
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This annex details the tax treatment of standard employees and self-employed workers in eight countries: Argentina, Australia, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The accompanying paper models and discusses the labour income taxation, inclusive of social contributions, of standard employees and then of self-employed workers. The aim is to understand whether countries’ tax systems treat different employment forms differently, before approaching the broader question of whether differential treatment has merit when evaluated against tax design principles.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 6
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 121
    Schlagwort(e): Fischereipolitik ; Fischereirecht ; Fischereiressourcen ; Ressourcennutzung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) are the primary mechanism for co-operation between fishing countries and coastal states to ensure sustainable fishing globally. This paper aims to inspire and guide RFMO secretariats and member countries in how to focus their effort and investment to step up the contribution of RFMOs to the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. It does so by measuring the extent to which RFMOs apply best practices against IUU fishing and pointing to the remaining gaps. Information gathered from RFMOs’ resolutions and recommendations introducing conservation and management measures (CMMs), other publicly available sources and direct communication with RFMOs’ secretariats was analysed and summarised into five indicators reflecting the most important management tools targeting IUU fishing at the disposal of RFMOs. Indicators show overall progress among RFMOs, but discrepancies remain, suggesting scope for improvement by learning from best performers.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 122
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: How are new opportunities to create and share information shaping the digital transformation of the agriculture and food system, and thus potentially fostering its reorganisation? This report focuses on cross-border trade aspects along the global agriculture and food value chain, and looks at how changes brought about by digital technologies can influence who participates in the value chain, where value added is created, and how value is distributed between actors in the chain. However, it is not only changes in the agriculture and food sector from digital technologies that matters, but also the digital transformation of other actors in the global value chain (GVC) such as support services, logistics and governments. Digital technologies present a potential to reduce trade and transaction costs, including those related to identifying and negotiating a deal, proving compliance with standards and to delivering products across borders quickly and efficiently.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 8
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 126
    Schlagwort(e): Agraraußenhandel ; Handelspräferenzen ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; WTO-Recht ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Preferential trading agreements are becoming a more common feature of the global agro food trading environment, a trend that has increased since the early 2000s. While they increasingly cover the majority of trade worldwide, there remains a question as to the extent to which their treatment of agriculture has changed over time, and whether the liberalising elements contained in these agreements are increasingly addressing distortions in world agro-food markets. This paper presents findings on the evolution of the treatment of agriculture within preferential trade agreements. Changes in various aspects of liberalisation achieved through these agreements have been explored, such as provisions related to market access, export competition and domestic support. The report finds that agriculture appears to be increasingly treated in a similar manner to other goods trade, with expansion in the scope of agreements extending to agriculture. Agreements are delivering reduced tariffs among members across the majority of agricultural commodities – however, heterogeneity of rules of origin between agreements is likely to be undermining these benefits. Reflecting multilateral rules, provisions related to Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures and Technical Barriers to Trade have become a standard feature of agreements. Overall, preferential trade agreements are strongly influenced by the multilateral framework.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 128
    Schlagwort(e): Agrarpolitik ; Wasserpolitik ; Wasserpreis ; Subvention ; Bewässerung ; Grundwasser ; Gewässerbelastung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report offers a guide on potential reform pathways towards sustainable agriculture water use, based on a thorough review of selected past water and agriculture reforms and extensive consultation with policy experts. A theory of change is developed that emphasises the importance of flexibility in the timing and design of reform processes to achieve practical and effective policy changes. Governments should prepare future reforms, via continued research, education, and governance efforts, to help take advantage of reform opportunities when the timing is right. Five necessary conditions are identified for a successful reform process: (i) support evidence-based problem definition, objective setting and evaluations; (ii) ensure that governance and institutions are aligned with the policy change; (iii) engage stakeholders strategically and build trust; (iv) rebalance economic incentives to mitigate short run economic losses; and (v) define an adjustable smart reform sequencing that provides flexibility in the long run. These conditions are found to be necessary to implement four challenging policy changes: charging water use in agriculture; removing subsidies that negatively impact water resources, regulating groundwater use and addressing nonpoint source pollution. But the relative effort that governments need to devote to fulfilling each of the five conditions will vary depending on the policy change.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 220
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic Commerce ; Elektronischer Datenaustausch ; Grenze ; Datensicherheit ; Datenschutz ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The ubiquitous exchange of data across borders has given rise to a range of concerns by governments and citizens about some of the effects of so much information being collected and used, often without the knowledge of data subjects. This has led countries to condition or prohibit the transfer of data abroad, affecting trade in the process. This paper develops an indicative taxonomy of domestic approaches to cross-border data flow regulation and local storage requirements; it then surveys international instruments that address the question of international data transfers. The paper then examines the issues that data flow restrictions might raise for consumers and businesses. Against this backdrop, the paper highlights the challenge of finding balance between ensuring that important objectives, such as consumer privacy and security, are met while maintaining the benefits from free flows of data, including the benefits from increased and more inclusive digital trade.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 11
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 222
    Schlagwort(e): Technologietransfer ; Außenhandel ; Auslandsinvestition ; Wettbewerb ; Immaterielle Werte ; Innovation ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Concerns are growing about policies and measures that restrict market access with the effect of “forcing” technology transfer. Efforts to target forced technology transfer are complicated by the sometimes blurred line between voluntary and mutually agreed upon technology transfers and that which is perceived to be, or is in fact, compelled. This study presents a discussion of the continuum of measures related to international technology transfer (ITT) and aims to identify those measures that pose the greatest concern over their potential to compel disclosure of commercially valuable and sensitive technology. It then briefly presents information on provisions in international trade and investment agreements that are relevant to ITT. The last section presents the perspective from the private sector in order to better understand how firms engage in technology transfers through research collaboration, licensing, joint ventures, and equity investments. The analysis in this report indicates that involuntary technology transfer is a complex issue, and it aims to provide a way for policy makers to think through the issues, to apply a systematic and analytical approach to assessing which policies are of the greatest concern.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 224
    Schlagwort(e): Außenhandel ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Handelsabkommen ; Gravitationsmodell ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Cutting trade costs, especially those stemming from non-tariff measures, is a growing priority for policy makers. One way to achieve this is for countries to improve their co-operation on regulatory matters. An avenue open to governments is to include provisions related to international regulatory co-operation (IRC) into preferential trade agreements (PTAs). However, there exists little empirical evidence of the benefits of these co-operative mechanisms. This paper provides this evidence, in the context of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) provisions. It measures the effect of IRC mechanisms on trade flows using the latest developments in the gravity literature and the most recent data sources. The work distinguishes between different forms of co-operation implemented between countries within PTAs while also accounting for the level of commitment between partners. The estimation results suggest that PTAs including SPS and TBT measures have a significant and positive effect on trade flows, with the legal enforceability of IRC mechanisms having the strongest and most robust impact on trade flows. This result holds even when WTO-related provisions and dispute settlement procedures are controlled for, implying that binding commitments are important in maximizing post-PTA trade flows. The work shows that transparency and co-operation are significant and robust factors in increasing trade. It also reinforces the view that the impact takes some time to materialise, which is important when evaluating the effectiveness of deep IRC mechanisms.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 13
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD green growth papers 2019, 01
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a cross-country review of progress towards green growth in selected emerging market economies that are members or partners of the OECD. It draws on the country studies conducted within the OECD Environmental Performance Review Programme for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru, South Africa and Turkey between 2013 and 2019. It presents the main achievements in the countries reviewed, along with common trends and policy challenges. It provides insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of green growth policy frameworks and measures, which may provide useful lessons for other OECD and partner countries.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 14
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD green growth papers 2019, 02
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviews the empirical evidence on the socioeconomic distribution of exposure to a selection of common environmental risks such as air and noise pollution and natural hazards, and of access to amenities such as green space. It finds that there are many examples where disadvantaged groups within countries, regions or cities are exposed to greater environmental risks, and ultimately greater potential harm or damages, or have poorer access to amenities than more advantaged groups. However, this pattern is not ubiquitous, there are examples in the literature where no difference, or the opposite difference is observed. Next, the paper reviews the empirical literature on the distributional effects of environmental policies. It concludes that although the evidence on the direct effects of environmental policy varies by policy instrument type, the general lesson is that well-designed environmental policy reforms incorporating appropriately targeted compensation schemes (e.g. within existing social welfare systems) can neutralise direct negative distributional outcomes and generate progressive outcomes overall.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264434738
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (229 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2019 Global Report
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
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  • 16
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 131
    Schlagwort(e): 1950 - 2050 ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The Long-term Agricultural Outlook model (LAO) is a long-run partial equilibrium trade model developed by the OECD as a complementary modelling tool to AGLINK-COSIMO, a more detailed partial equilibrium model used to develop ten-year projections for agricultural markets, as reported in the annual OECD-FAO Agriculture Outlook publication. LAO describes the drivers of structural changes in global supply and demand, provides a baseline of real agricultural prices, and can be used to situate short and medium term price projections in a longer-term context. The model is also suitable for performing scenario analysis of long-term issues concerning agriculture, such as the links between food security and climate change. The model structure is similar to that of AGLINK-COSIMO, which enhances comparability, but much simpler, with highly aggregated commodity and regional groupings. The simplified structure makes it possible to make use of data on productivity growth in a way not possible in more complex models, and to investigate the role of long term drivers of productivity growth, in particular research spending. It also facilitates a focus on key macro-economic drivers of agricultural market developments. This report details the motivation, structure, and development of the model, alongside initial outputs. The baseline results indicate a lowering of real agricultural prices in the long run, as growth in global supply outpaces growth in global demand.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 17
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 135
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Brazil ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of meat and animal products. This report compiles information and data on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals in Brazil. Antimicrobials are used in food producing animals, mainly as a growth promoter. While the use of antibiotics is estimated to be falling, there is concern amongst livestock producers as to the possible rise in production costs resulting from the withdrawal of these antibiotics, and they are currently exploring alternative interventions and their likely economic impact on their incomes. Recent regulatory and policy changes, including the implementation of the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture, are aimed at limiting the use of antibiotics in livestock production and containing the rise in antimicrobial resistance.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 134
    Schlagwort(e): Tierhaltung ; Antibiotika ; China ; Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The People’s Republic of China is an important player in international markets for animal products, antibiotics, as well as in global efforts to combat antibiotic resistance (AMR). This paper reviews use of antibiotics and the emergence of AMR in Chinese food animal production. The rapid growth in food, animal production, and the relatively poor animal production conditions as well as increasing production intensity led to a sharp increase in antibiotic use in both absolute and relative terms. This trend, however, has been reversed by recent government policies and public awareness of AMR. Four government policies are particularly important in attempting to decrease the use of antibiotics: the imposition of maximum residue levels, establishing a list of permitted antibiotics, the proper use of antibiotics during the withdrawal period, and establishing a list of prescription-only antibiotics use in animal production. Antibiotic use in China is more than five times higher than the international average. One of the main reasons for the relative higher antibiotic usage is the widespread misuse associated with growth promotion in the feed and veterinary use on broiler and pig farms. The relatively low cost of antibiotics, estimated at 1% to 3% of production costs, encourages such excess use in livestock production, but alternatives are often not available and more costly. This paper recommends a mix of economic and regulatory approaches to control the overuse of antibiotics in livestock production and limit the rise in antimicrobial resistance.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: West African papers no. 20 (April 2019)
    Serie: West African papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, highlights the contribution of border towns to the process of regional integration in West Africa. For 18 countries, six indicators are used to identify the specificities of border towns at the local, national and international levels: demography, urban morphology, formal enterprises, health infrastructure, road accessibility, border control posts. These indicators are analysed from the perspective of three geographical scales of regional integration (density, distance and division). The report details the economic and institutional obstacles facing border towns. It concludes with place-based political options to facilitate the economic and political development of West African border towns. Also in this Collection: “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
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  • 20
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: West African papers no. 24 (April 2019)
    Serie: West African papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Integrating gender dimensions into early warning systems is critical to support equitable crisis prevention and response. This paper investigates the extent to which food and nutrition security early warning systems (FNS EWS) in the Sahel and West Africa are gender-responsive and highlights existing gaps at national and regional levels. Progress has been made by key partners and stakeholders towards strengthening the gender analysis of FNS EWS, however, these efforts have not led to a unified reconfiguration of joint FNS EWS mechanisms to be more gender-responsive. More concerted efforts are required to assess and track the gender dimensions of FNS EWS to inform more equitable emergency prevention and response. This paper provides timely policy directions to support stakeholders’ efforts in strengthening the gender-responsiveness of early warning systems in the Sahel and West Africa.
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 240 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 230
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a broad overview of some of the issues that digital trade raises for ASEAN countries and its MSMEs, including new opportunities that digitalisation presents for ASEAN firms to increase trade. However, it shows that adoption of relatively simple digital tools, such as webpages, remains relatively low, constraining the ability of ASEAN SMEs to engage in trade as exporters and importers. The paper argues that, to benefit from digital trade, policy makers need to consider issues related to accessing digital networks jointly with a range of old and new trade issues.
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  • 22
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 120 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 231
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Although global value chain (GVCs) participation in Southeast Asia has been growing, little is known about whether the benefits from participation are accruing to larger firms or if small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which make up the majority of companies and employ the bulk of the domestic workforce, are also able to take advantage of the new opportunities on offer. This paper uses detailed firm level data from Southeast Asian countries to split the OECD Trade in Value Added database and map how SMEs have been participating in GVCs. It then identifies the benefits associated with this participation and looks into the policy levers that can help make GVC participation in the region more inclusive. It suggest that policy makers focus on: i) reducing trade costs that hit SMEs hardest; including tariffs, trade agreements and trade facilitation; ii) creating an enabling environment to promote domestic linkages so that SMEs can create partnerships with larger firms and multinationals to export indirectly; and iii) reducing non-tariff measures that are especially onerous for SMEs through wider ASEAN regulatory harmonisation and adopting more flexible rules of origin.
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD | Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264484580
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (252 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Ausgabe: Launch version
    Serie: OECD health policy studies
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The heavy burden of obesity
    Schlagwort(e): Körpergewicht ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; OECD ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Körpergewicht ; Fettsucht ; Übergewicht
    Kurzfassung: Almost one in four people in OECD countries is currently obese. This epidemic has far-reaching consequences for individuals, society and the economy. Using microsimulation modelling, this book analyses the burden of obesity and overweight in 52 countries (including OECD, European Union and G20 countries), showing how overweight reduces life expectancy, increases healthcare costs, decreases workers' productivity and lowers GDP. The report makes the urgent economic case to scale up investments in policies to promote healthy lifestyles and tackle this growing global public health problem. The book evaluates a number of policies which could significantly improve health outcomes while being an excellent investment for countries.
    Anmerkung: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 243-252
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264959941
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (280 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Educational research and innovation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Educating 21st century children
    Schlagwort(e): Kinder ; Kinderbetreuung ; Digitalisierung ; Sozialer Indikator ; Zufriedenheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: What is the nature of childhood today? On a number of measures, modern children’s lives have clearly improved thanks to better public safety and support for their physical and mental health. New technologies help children to learn, socialise and unwind, and older, better-educated parents are increasingly playing an active role in their children's education. At the same time, we are more connected than ever before, and many children have access to tablets and smartphones before they learn to walk and talk. Twenty-first century children are more likely to be only children, increasingly pushed to do more by “helicopter parents” who hover over their children to protect them from potential harm. In addition to limitless online opportunities, the omnipresent nature of the digital world brings new risks, like cyber-bullying, that follow children from the schoolyard into their homes. This report examines modern childhood, looking specifically at the intersection between emotional well-being and new technologies. It explores how parenting and friendships have changed in the digital age. It examines children as digital citizens, and how best to take advantage of online opportunities while minimising the risks. The volume ends with a look at how to foster digital literacy and resilience, highlighting the role of partnerships, policy and protection.
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 159 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers no. 71
    Serie: Case-specific policy analysis
    Serie: International Transport Forum policy papers
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses freight connectivity in Central Asia, focusing on Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It provides recommendations for improving connectivity and the policy processes required to achieve this. The report also offers advice on how regional co-ordination can improve freight efficiency and connectivity. The analysis, both qualitative and quantitative, covers questions related to hard infrastructure, policies and regulatory frameworks.
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 137
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: What is the role of government policies in encouraging healthier food choices to fight the current overweight and obesity epidemics? This report briefly examines the evidence base on unhealthy diets, including the associated burden on health systems. It then takes stock of current knowledge on the effectiveness of policy instruments to tackle unhealthy diets and proposes a four-track policy approach to encourage healthier food choices that is consistent with wider objectives for the food and agriculture sector. This policy approach includes demand side public interventions, voluntary collaboration with the food industry at the supply-demand interface, firmer regulations when public-private incentives are misaligned, and fiscal measures. This report underscores the importance of a robust evidence base for developing effective policies, which in turn requires investments in effective data systems. The Annex takes stock of how well developed food data systems are currently across a range of OECD countries and provides some recommendations on how to move forward.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264597181
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Luxembourg 2019 (second round)
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Luxemburg ; Taxation ; Luxembourg ; Luxemburg ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Luxembourg.
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  • 28
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264613201
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Development Centre Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Tackling vulnerability in the informal economy
    Schlagwort(e): Informelle Wirtschaft ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; Schwarzarbeit ; Vulnerabilitätsanalyse ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schwellenländer ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Schattenwirtschaft
    Kurzfassung: A majority of workers in the world are informally employed and contribute to economic and social development through market and non-market activities that are not protected, regulated, well-recognised or valued. This study provides an in-depth diagnosis of informality and the vulnerability prevailing in the informal economy. It explores new ideas to improve the lives of workers in the informal economy based on the ILO indicators of informality and the new OECD Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Household (KIIbIH). The report contributes in four ways to the global debate on the transition from the informal to the formal economy: 1) by examining the multiple faces of informality in a large sample of countries representing diverse conditions, locations and stages of development; 2) by presenting new empirical evidence on the links between informality and the development process; 3) by assessing risks and vulnerabilities in the informal economy, such as poverty and occupational risks, which can be mitigated with social protection and appropriate risk management instruments; 4) by showing that the transition to formality is a complex issue that touches on a wide range of policy domains.
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264418219 , 9789264930537 , 9789264677920
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Gouvernement d'entreprise
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe حوكمة الشركات في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا: بناء إطار للقدرة التنافسية والنمو
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Corporate Governance in MENA: Building a Framework for Competitiveness and Growth
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Un cadre rigoureux de gouvernance d’entreprise est essentiel pour les économies de la région MENA soucieuses de promouvoir la croissance et d’édifier des sociétés prospères. Les Principes de gouvernance d’entreprise du G20 et de l’OCDE et les Lignes directrices de l’OCDE sur la gouvernance des entreprises publiques sont les instruments de référence pour la mise en place d’un tel cadre. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs étudient le paysage de la gouvernance d’entreprise dans la région MENA, en répertoriant les problèmes qui se posent et en proposant aux pouvoirs publics des pistes de réforme. Leurs conclusions sont fondées sur une analyse des politiques et pratiques en vigueur dans quatre domaines thématiques : l’accès aux capitaux ; la transparence et la communication d’informations ; la parité femmes-hommes dans les organes de direction des entreprises ; et la gouvernance des entreprises publiques dans la région MENA. Dans l’ensemble, ils concluent que ces économies ont progressé sur la voie du renforcement de leur cadre de gouvernance d’entreprise au cours des dernières années mais que la région peine encore à adopter et à mettre en œuvre, dans ce domaine, des mesures qui soient propices à l’efficience économique, à la croissance durable et à la stabilité financière.
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  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311893 , 9789264312746 , 9789264312739
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Griechenland ; Development ; Greece ; Griechenland ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Kurzfassung: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. Since its last peer review, a severe economic recession brought about significant cuts to Greece’s national budget – including official development assistance. However, Greece has maintained its commitment to development co-operation. In response to the refugee and migration crisis Greece mobilised resources and its population to provide significant support to asylum seekers and refugees, and adapted its domestic policies to create conditions for peaceful co-existence between refugees, asylum seekers and the Greek population. As the economy recovers and Greece considers stepping up its development co-operation, this review recommends a number of steps that the government might take including building a new vision for development co-operation and putting in place the structures and systems to achieve it.
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264832701 , 9789264434738 , 9789264108905
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2019 Global Report
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Kurzfassung: Over the past decade, the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) has consistently shown that governments need to look at discriminatory laws, social norms and practices to achieve gender equality and promote women’s empowerment. This 2019 global report provides an overview of the main outcomes of the SIGI in relation to women and the family, their physical integrity, access to productive and financial resources and their civic rights. Building on these outcomes, this report provides a set of policy recommendations to enhance governments’ efforts to deliver their gender-equality commitments through a three-pronged approach: starting with legal reforms and transformative gender policies, enforcing laws through community mobilisation and empowerment, and learning about the efficiency of policy through monitoring.
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264617452 , 9789264312302 , 9789264930384
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Getting Skills Right
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Community education and training in South Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Erwachsenenbildung ; Südafrika ; Education ; Employment ; South Africa
    Kurzfassung: Adult learning systems play a crucial role in helping people adapt to the changing world of work and develop relevant skills. Community Education and Training has been brought forward as a possible way to foster adult learning in South Africa, especially among disadvantaged groups. South Africa has a relatively large group of adults who have low levels of education and skills, and limited opportunities for skills development. This report looks at the potential role that Community Education and Training could play in South Africa, how the system should be financed, how to align the training offer with community needs, and how to ensure high-quality provision. The report provides international good practise examples and suggests actions that South African stakeholders might consider to develop the Community Education and Training system.
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  • 33
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264309371 , 9789264312807 , 9789264312791
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The future of Mexican higher education
    Schlagwort(e): Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Mexiko ; Education ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: This review of higher education policy in Mexico was requested by the Mexican Ministry of Education to take stock of progress since the last OECD review of the higher education system in Mexico, published in 2008, and to support development of the new government’s National Development Plan and Sectoral Education Programme. The report examines the state of the higher education sector in Mexico and analyses key policies implemented by the federal and state governments. It assesses national governance and co-operation structures that help to guide the higher education system, and the relevance of existing national strategies. It also looks at public funding of higher education institutions, how the quality of higher education programmes is assured; and the extent to which the higher education system contributes to equity. The report concludes by exploring two key sectors of higher education: teacher education colleges and professional and technical institutions. A companion volume focusing on the labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education is also available: Higher Education in Mexico: Labour Market Relevance and Outcomes.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264729407
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: The Netherlands 2019 (second round)
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Niederlande ; Taxation ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of the Netherlands.
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264741393
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: 18 x 25cm.
    Serie: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the Tomatoes Standard. This brochure illustrates the standard text and demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus, it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade of tomatoes. Cette brochure est publiée dans le cadre du Régime pour l’Application de normes internationales pour les fruits et legumes établi par l’OCDE en 1962. Elle fournit des notes explicatives et des illustrations en vue de faciliter l’interprétation commune des normes en vigueur pour les tomates. Elle décrit les paramètres qualitatifs par des photographies de haute qualité. Elle constitue par conséquent un outil précieux pour les autorités de contrôle, les organes professionnels et les négociants qui manifestent leur intérêt pour le commerce international des tomates.
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  • 36
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264312364
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Switzerland 2019
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Switzerland
    Kurzfassung: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE procède à des examens périodiques des efforts individuels de coopération pour le développement des membres du CAD. Les politiques et les programmes de chacun des membres font l’objet d’un examen critique une fois tous les cinq ans. Les examens par les pairs évaluent la performance du membre considéré, sans se limiter au seul organisme de coopération, et examinent les aspects ayant trait tant à la définition de la politique qu’à sa mise en œuvre. Ils couvrent dans leur globalité les activités de coopération pour le développement et d’aide humanitaire du membre soumis à examen, en les replaçant dans le système envisagé dans son entier. Cet examen analyse la performance de la Suisse, y compris son appui stratégique au système multilatéral pour gérer les biens et enjeux mondiaux, sa vision globale du développement et des partenariats ainsi que les pressions auxquelles font face les programmes de développement et humanitaire.
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264500914 , 9789264755390 , 9789264601925
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Revisiones de la OCDE sobre reforma regulatoria
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Regulatory Policy in Argentina: Tools and Practices for Regulatory Improvement
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Argentina
    Kurzfassung: Argentina se ha embarcado en una serie de reformas para mejorar la calidad de su marco regulatorio. Las regulaciones de alta calidad pueden proteger a los consumidores y al medio ambiente sin llegar a ser una carga para los ciudadanos y las empresas. El Estudion de la OCDE de Política Regulatoria en Argentina proporciona información sobre las políticas, instituciones y herramientas empleadas por el gobierno argentino para diseñar, implementar y hacer cumplir regulaciones de alta calidad. Estas incluyen políticas de simplificación administrativa, evaluación ex ante y ex post de las regulaciones, prácticas de consulta y participación y de partes interesadas y gobernanza regulatoria multinivel. El Estudio ofrece recomendaciones de políticas basadas en las mejores prácticas internacionales para fortalecer la capacidad del gobierno para administrar la política regulatoria.
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264449756 , 9789264312524 , 9789264727359
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Inovācijas, lauksaimniecības produktivitāte un ilgtspējība Latvijā
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Latvia
    Schlagwort(e): Agrartechnik ; Innovation ; Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Nachhaltigkeit ; !09137510X!f ; Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Latvia
    Kurzfassung: Latvia, a member of the European Union since 2004, is a small, dynamic and open economy that has successfully transitioned from central planning to a market economy. The reforms undertaken have driven progress, although from generally low levels and at a slower pace in agriculture than for the economy as a whole. This report examines the conditions under which farms and businesses in the food and agriculture sector in Latvia undertake innovation to become more productive and environmentally sustainable. It identifies opportunities as well as challenges that need to be addressed. These include economy wide skills shortage, emigration and population decline and urban concentration of population and services. At the sectoral level, these include the use of agricultural payments to support a large number of non-commercial farms and the high level of unpaid farm labour. To meet these challenges, agricultural innovation can be harnessed to improve the sector’s productivity, as well as the sustainability and efficiency of the food system. This report provides a series of recommendations that should allow agricultural policies to contribute to a well-functioning innovation system that can meet the challenges that lie ahead.
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311626
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Engaging employers and developing skills at the local level in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Unternehmer ; Kommunalpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Nordirland ; Education ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Qualifikation ; Unternehmer ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Kurzfassung: The success of skills development activities through both on- and off-the job training often depends on the participation of employers. This OECD report on Northern Ireland, United Kingdom identifies a number of innovative programmes that aim to better engage employers in the design and delivery of training. It also looks at the role of local district councils in working closer with employers to better understand and address their skills challenges. A key part of the project was the implementation of a survey to gather information from Northern Irish employers about their skills needs and barriers to apprenticeship participation. The report offers a number of recommendations for improving business-education partnerships in emerging sectors of the Northern Ireland economy.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264545861
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Liechtenstein 2019 (second round)
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Liechtenstein ; Taxation ; Liechtenstein ; Liechtenstein ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Liechtenstein.
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264802803 , 9789264596498 , 9789264409392
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Beyond proficiency
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsforschung ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsene ; Statistische Methode ; Education
    Kurzfassung: Computer-based administration of large-scale assessments makes it possible to collect a rich set of information on test takers, through analysis of the log files recording interactions between the computer interface and the server. This report examines timing and engagement indicators from the Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), both of which indicate large differences across countries and socio-demographic groups, in the amount of time spent by respondents and their levels of disengagement, which reduce the probability of giving a correct answer and consequently reduces measured performance. Such insights can help policy makers, researchers and educators to better understand respondents’ cognitive strategies and the underlying causes of low and high performance. This, in turn, can help improve the design of assessments and lead to more effective training and learning programmes.
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264892798 , 9789264402782 , 9789264414969
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Corporate Governance
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als A policy maker's guide to privatisation
    Schlagwort(e): Privatisierung ; Corporate Governance ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Privatisierung
    Kurzfassung: Policy makers and privatisation experts agree that it is critical to “get privatisation right.” A well-planned and executed transaction, backed by sound rationales, institutional and regulatory arrangements, good governance, and integrity can have consequences on future divestment activity by enhancing investor confidence while gaining the support of stakeholders and the public. Drawing on the internationally agreed OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises and decades’ worth of national experience across both OECD and Partner economies, this Policy Maker’s Guide to Privatisation provides practical advice to newcomers on key stages of the process from inception to post-privatisation. With global privatisation activity trending upwards and expected to rise, this Guide can support policy makers in their decision making process in the years to come.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264922808
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Republic of North Macedonia 2019 (second round)
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Nordmazedonien ; Taxation ; North Macedonia ; Nordmazedonien ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of the Republic of North Macedonia.
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  • 44
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264723627 , 9789264933101 , 9789264310827
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Gobernanza de reguladores
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Driving Performance at Peru's Energy and Mining Regulator
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Governance ; Peru
    Kurzfassung: Como "árbitros de mercado", los órganismos reguladores contribuyen a la prestación de servicios públicos esenciales. Su cultura organizacional, comportamiento y gobernanza son factores importantes para determinar su desempeño y el de los sectores regulados. El Marco para la Evaluación del Desempeño de los Reguladores Económicos de la OCDE (PAFER, por sus siglas en inglés), evalúa las instituciones, procesos y prácticas que pueden crear una cultura organizacional de desempeño y resultados. Este informe aplica el PAFER para examinar elementos relacionados con la gobernanza interna y externa del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Energía y Minería (Osinergmin). El informe identifica los logros y buenas prácticas del regulador desde su creación. Asimismo, analiza los factores clave del desempeño de Osinergmin y propone una reforme integral para ayudar al regulador a prepararse para el futuro.
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 121 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 218
    Schlagwort(e): Aluminium ; Wertschöpfung ; Metallmarkt ; Subvention ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report builds on the OECD’s longstanding work measuring government support in agriculture, fossil fuels, and fisheries in order to estimate support and related market distortions in the aluminium value chain. Results show that non-market forces, and government support in particular, appear to explain some of the recent increases in aluminium-smelting capacity. While government support is commonly found throughout the aluminium value chain, it is especially heavy in the People’s Republic of China and countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Looking across the whole value chain also shows subsidies upstream to confer significant support to downstream activities, such as the production of semi-fabricated products of aluminium. Overall, market distortions appear to be a genuine concern in the aluminium industry, and one that has implications for global competition and the design of trade rules disciplining government support.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 118
    Schlagwort(e): Agroindustrie ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Agrarpolitik ; Wertschöpfung ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Politische Reform ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report synthesises OECD work analysing agricultural policies, markets and trade. It highlights recent developments in agricultural markets and policies and considers how these have changed the source and nature of the gains from multilateral reform, and considers opportunities for further reforms. In large part, gains from further reform come from the opportunities to increase income and jobs through increasing agro-food sector participation in global and domestic value chains. Countries can enhance the overall competitiveness of their agro-food sectors though more open trade policies and reducing the impacts of measures that raise trade costs. This includes reducing distorting domestic support and market access barriers, including to agro-food imports; ensuring that non-tariff measures are appropriate, transparent, and science-based; and reducing barriers to services trade.
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  • 47
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 224
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsuche ; Arbeitsverwaltung ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Profiling tools help to deliver employment services more efficiently. They can ensure that more costly, intensive services are targeted at jobseekers most at risk of becoming long term unemployed. Moreover, the detailed information on the employment barriers facing jobseekers obtained through the profiling process can be used to tailor services more closely to their individual needs. While other forms of profiling exist, the focus is on statistical profiling, which makes use of statistical models to predict jobseekers’ likelihood of becoming long-term unemployed. An overview on profiling tools currently used throughout the OECD is presented, considerations for the development of such tools, and some insights into the latest developments such as using “click data” on job searches and advanced machine learning techniques. Also discussed are the limitations of statistical profiling tools and options for policymakers on how to address those in the development and implementation of statistical profiling tools.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 48
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: West African papers no. 19 (February 2019)
    Serie: West African papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The paper examines the evolution and the contemporary state of civil-military relations in the francophone Sahel (Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal). In a first step, the paper traces the emergence of excessive political influence of the armed forces (praetorianism) in the Sahel. Out of these, only Senegal has remained under civilian rule since independence. The other countries have experienced military dictatorship at some point. Over the last thirty years, the Sahel has seen a shift toward more civilian oversight in political affairs. In Chad and Mauritania, however, the armed forces remain the pre-eminent political actor. In Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, sections of the armed forces refuse to accept civilian rule. The second part examines the various challenges and tasks the armed forces in all six countries have been involved in over the last two decades. Although these challenges differ substantially across the six individual countries, the Sahel as a whole continues to struggle primarily with domestic security threats. The paper concludes with guidelines designed to foster civilian oversight and democratic reform.
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  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311053
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 189 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy
    Schlagwort(e): Meeresnutzung ; Meeresschutz ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Welt ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Meeresnutzung ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Kurzfassung: This new OECD report on the ocean economy emphasises the growing importance of science and technologies in improving the sustainable economic development of our seas and ocean. Marine ecosystems sit at the heart of many of the world’s global challenges: food, medicines, new sources of clean energy, climate regulation, job creation and inclusive growth. But we need to safeguard and improve the health of marine ecosystems to support our ever-growing use of marine resources. Innovation in science and technology will play a key role in reconciling these two objectives. This report identifies three priority areas for action based on a number of in-depth case studies: 1) approaches that produce win-win outcomes for ocean business and the ocean environment across a range of marine and maritime applications; 2) the creation of ocean-economy innovation networks; and 3) new pioneering initiatives to improve measurement of the ocean economy.
    Anmerkung: Literaturangaben , Acrobat Reader.
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  • 50
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 142
    Schlagwort(e): Produkthaftung ; Online-Handel ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Extended producer responsibility or product stewardship is a policy approach that aims to increase waste recovery and recycling. Extended producer responsibility (EPR) systems aim to make producers responsible for the environmental impacts of their products throughout the product chain, from design to the end-of-life phase. This report focuses on free-riding of producers or retailers, which the fast expansion of online sales in recent years has been exacerbating. Online sales are creating new free-riding opportunities as consumers are able to buy more easily from sellers in other countries. These sellers often have no physical, legal entity in the country where the consumer resides, and are not registered with national or local EPR schemes.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 51
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 146
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Achieving a low-greenhouse gas (GHG) development requires making finance flows consistent with this objective. In order to measure progress to date as well as inform future public action in this area, this paper calls for further efforts to track gross primary investments flows in new infrastructure and equipment and the refurbishment of such assets, as well underlying sources of finance. The proposed scope focuses on tangible fixed assets with a direct and significant impact on GHG emissions.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 52
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD statistics working papers 2019, 1
    Schlagwort(e): Inflation ; Digitalisierung ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Sozialer Wandel ; Verbraucherpreisindex ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The effect on the household consumption price index from possible sources of error in capturing digital products depends on the weight of the affected products. To calculate upper bounds for this effect, we apply weights based on the average structure of household consumption in OECD countries to a maximum plausible overstatement of price change for each affected or potentially affected product. The products account for about 35% of household expenditure in 2005, declining to 32% in 2015. The upper bound simulation effect on the growth rate of the consumption deflator is somewhat less than –0.6 percentage points in 2015 – large enough to improve the picture of GDP and productivity growth in advanced economies. However, this would not overturn the conclusion that productivity growth has slowed substantially compared over the past decades.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 53
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Suppl.: Anhang Milanez, Anna Annex - Taxation and the future of work Paris : OECD Publishing, 2019
    Serie: OECD taxation working papers no. 41
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensteuer ; Arbeitskräfte ; Selbstständige ; Arbeitsgesellschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Recent policy discussion has highlighted the variety of ways in which the world of work is changing. One development prevalent in some countries has been an increase certain forms of non-standard work. Is this beneficial, representing increased flexibility in the workforce, or detrimental, representing a deterioration in job quality driven by automation, globalisation and the market power of large employers? These changes also raise crucial issues for tax systems. Differences in tax treatment across employment forms may create tax arbitrage opportunities. This paper investigates the potential for such opportunities for eight countries. It models the labour income taxation, inclusive of social contributions, of standard employees and then of self-employed workers (with applicable tax rules detailed in the paper’s annex). The aim is to understand whether countries’ tax systems treat different employment forms differently, before approaching the broader question of whether differential treatment has merit when evaluated against tax design principles.
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 226
    Schlagwort(e): Outsourcing ; Auslandsverlagerung ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Strukturwandel ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: About 40% of employment in manufacturing is in services functions. This paper develops a measure of narrow outsourcing, matching services functions performed by workers inside manufacturing firms to the same services functions provided by outside suppliers. The measure allows us to analyse the competition that, say, workers at the IT services desk in manufacturing firms face from outside IT suppliers. Narrow outsourcing is entered into labour demand functions where labour is broken down on business functions using OECD data combined with the 2016 releases of the World Input Output Database (WIOD). On average, a one percentage point increase in narrow local outsourcing of services reduces manufacturing employment in the same services function by between 1.5% (R&D) and 3% (transport). The impact of offshoring on manufacturing labour demand is small on average, but depends strongly on the complexity of the value chain, the policy environment and technology. Manufacturing employment is more services intensive the longer the value chain. In-house IT functions complement and support offshored IT functions, while offshored R&D functions tend to replace in-house R&D. Tentatively, technology as measured by IT maturity and the length of the value chain is more important for employment in services functions in manufacturing than is offshoring.
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264305823
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (194 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Investing in Youth
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Peru ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Peru
    Kurzfassung: The present report on Peru is part of the series on "Investing in Youth", which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the areas of social, employment, education and training policies. Its main focus is on young people who are not in employment, education or training (the "NEETs"). Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017), and Norway (2018).
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  • 56
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD green growth papers 2019, 04
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The paper discusses the implications of the low-carbon transition for workers and the relevant lessons-learnt in previous industrial restructuring experiences. The evidence suggests that, while climate policies are likely to have a modest impact on aggregate employment, workers in certain regions and industries can be more severely affected. The transition may also have gender-differentiated impacts: men represent the largest share of the workforce of most negatively affected industries (e.g. coal-mining) while the growth of the renewable power generation sector, which exhibits a relatively more gender-balanced workforce, suggests that female employment may increase in the traditionally male-dominated energy sector. Lessons from the case-studies underline that a suite of polices is necessary to manage the structural adjustment process, including structural reforms and skills policies. Importantly, the low-carbon transition differentiates itself from previous restructuring experiences because of its policy-driven nature and the possibility to finance structural adjustment measures through carbon-pricing revenues.
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  • 57
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD LEED working papers no. 2019, 02
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/02
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialwirtschaft ; Innovation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziale Folgen ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Litauen ; Industry and Services ; Lithuania ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This review provides an in-depth analysis of the Lithuanian policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. It identifies the country’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. Key policy issues analysed include: raising awareness and clarifying the conceptual framework (Chapter 2); coordinating policy and legal frameworks (Chapter 3); enhancing the role of social enterprises in public procurement (Chapter 4); promoting social impact measurement and reporting (Chapter 5); and improving their access to finance (Chapter 6).
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  • 58
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 114 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers no. 2019, 03
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/03
    Schlagwort(e): Industry and Services ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the local entrepreneurship ecosystem of the Malopolskie region in Poland and its capacity to promote productivity upgrading and industrial renewal. It forms part of the OECD’s work stream on local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries.
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  • 59
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 129
    Schlagwort(e): Getreidepolitik ; Politische Reform ; Partielles Gleichgewicht ; China ; Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Reforming China’s grain policy could have significant implications for both domestic and international markets. China has begun to reform its price support policies for several commodities, replacing them with commodity specific area payments. The assessment of policy reform scenarios for grains, using two partial equilibrium models, show that China would maintain more than 80% of self-sufficiency in wheat and maize, and more than 95% in rice. The increase in its grain imports could increase international prices, in particular for wheat and rice. A gradual approach to reforming market price support with compensatory payments would smooth the potential impacts on domestic and world commodity markets, as well as on domestic farm income. While the reform of price support policies benefit consumers the most, more decoupled area payments could also have a greater impact on farm income without increasing the overall cost to society as well as environmental performance of agriculture. Lower costs of managing public grain stocks would equally reduce the budgetary cost of reforms.
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  • 60
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 132
    Schlagwort(e): Tierhaltung ; Antibiotika ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Antimicrobial drugs are used in food animal production for several purposes: to treat a disease outbreak, to prevent disease, and to enhance feed efficiency and animal growth. While the technical benefits of antimicrobial use in animal production are well documented, there is a major lack of information on the economic impact on farmers’ incomes. This report reviews evidence on the economic benefits and costs of antimicrobials for the major animal producing species across several OECD countries as well as in Brazil and China. The findings indicate that the economic benefits are modest in modern farming systems where good production facilities, biosecurity measures, and management practices are in place. In large food animal producing countries such as Brazil, the use of antimicrobials is an important input to enhance the competitiveness of the industry. In China, the largest producer and user of antibiotics in animal production, antibiotics are often used as a substitute for less sanitary animal production facilities and the lack of appropriate biosecurity on the farm. This report concludes with several key policy options and practices, in particular those that induce farmers to place a greater emphasis on the economic benefits and costs of antimicrobials and alternative interventions in production in order to stem the rise in antimicrobial resistance.
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  • 61
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 133
    Schlagwort(e): Tierhaltung ; Krankheit ; Menschen ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The emergence of a resistant pathogen reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing or treating an infection caused by a micro-organism, thus increasing morbidity and mortality and leading to higher economic costs to livestock producers. An understanding of the underlying disease dynamics is crucial in finding appropriate solutions to containing the rise in antimicrobial resistance. This report synthesises the evidence on the potential modes of transmission of antimicrobial resistance between humans and animals and vice versa. In particular, the important role of the environment in the transmission chain is discussed as well as practices to break this link. This report also illustrates some of the commonly shared antibiotic classes that are used in human medicine and animal production, and the overall trends in the usage of these antibiotics. While information on transmission of resistance is sparse, the report highlights several priority areas where future research could focus in order to bring a greater understanding of these interactions.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264735026
    Sprache: Englisch , Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the Leeks Standard. This brochure illustrates the standard text and demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus, it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade of leeks.
    Anmerkung: Text Englisch und Französisch
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264397569 , 9789264969414 , 9789264478749
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 201 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Schlagwort(e): Stadtwachstum ; Stadtentwicklung ; Ballungsraum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Kurzfassung: Die Metropolregion Hamburg (MRH) ist mit etwa 8% der Landesfläche die zweitgrößte Metropolregion in Deutschland. Der erste OECD-Bericht zur Regionalentwicklung, der sich mit Deutschland befasst, untersucht die MRH unter dem Blickwinkel ihrer Wettbewerbs- und Innovationsfähigkeit sowie einer nachhaltigen Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung.
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: West African papers no. 21 (April 2019)
    Serie: West African papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, provides an analysis of the demographic and morphological changes in West African border cities since the mid-20th century. Using the Africapolis harmonised database makes it possible to show that since 1950 border cities have experienced higher rates of growth than other cities in the region. While the average size of cities increases with distance from a border, the opposite is true for urban density; it decreases as distance from a border increases. This suggests that border cities form urban centres that differ from other such centres due to the fact that they specialise in the commercial activities that stimulate growth and foster higher densities. The report identifies the 27 main cross-border agglomerations in the region and discusses their specific characteristics. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
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  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: West African papers no. 22 (April 2019)
    Serie: West African papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses the spatial distribution of formal enterprises and health infrastructure in West Africa. The analysis shows that sectors crucial for regional integration are concentrated in economic capitals rather than in border areas. These results illustrate the difficulty that many West African countries have in distributing the potential for economic development throughout the country. The mapping of health infrastructure shows that border towns have a surplus of medical centres and a deficit of hospitals and maternity wards relative to their urban populations. The report identifies several regions in which closer co-operation could favour the establishment of cross-border health facilities. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: West African papers no. 23 (April 2019)
    Serie: West African papers
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses road accessibility, transport corridors and checkpoints set up in border towns in West Africa. An innovative model shows that the population base of border towns could be 14% greater if there were no delays at border crossings. The existence of roadside checks decreases the size of this population base from 12 to 50%. A study of 59 jointly planned or operated border posts in sub-Saharan Africa shows that trade facilitation runs up against the special interests of public servants and private-sector actors making a living from regional integration frictions. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22
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  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: West African papers no. 25 (September 2019)
    Serie: West African papers
    Schlagwort(e): Kollektive Sicherheit ; Konflikt ; Ursache ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Development ; Sahel ; Westafrika ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Following the 2013 French military intervention in Mali, significant attention has been paid to issues of security and development in the Sahel. The stability of Sahelian countries and the capacity of their governments to manage social change and resulting tensions have major security implications for migration flows, economic development, and health concerns both for local people and for the broader international community. The rise of violent religious extremism in the region and the varied efforts to curtail its spread have raised international alarm and prompted important resources to be invested by both domestic governments and foreign partners. This paper offers a broad overview of the current situation in the Sahel paying attention to the intersecting and overlapping issues of security and development. The paper then interrogates three central themes—poverty, migration, and conflict—adopting a historical perspective to examine long-term trends in the region. In doing so, it aims to contribute to contemporary policy discussions by offering evidence of how these dynamics have either changed or persisted across this centrally important region during the last several decades.
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  • 68
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 228
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Corruption at the border distorts resource allocation, undermines the level playing field for businesses, hampers the attractiveness of affected markets, and may result in significant revenue losses for developing countries. Trade facilitation policies could potentially reduce the incentives and the opportunities for corruption. This paper explores potential determinants of border-related corruption and trade facilitation policies most likely to address it. Countries with higher integrity at the border are found to also have more efficient border processes. Measures that appear to particularly support integrity at the border include transparency and predictability, streamlining of formalities – through simplification of documents, more automation of processes at different levels of complexity, or improved procedures along the border transaction chain – and coordinated border management.
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  • 69
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 18 (January 2019)
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents new evidence on industry concentration trends in Europe and in North America. It uses two novel data sources: representative firm-level concentration measures from the OECD MultiProd project, and business-group-level concentration measures using matched Orbis-Worldscope-Zephyr data. Based on the MultiProd data, it finds that between 2001 and 2012 the average industry across 10 European economies saw a 2-3-percentage-point increase in the share of the 10% largest companies in industry sales. Using the Orbis-Worldscope-Zephyr data, it documents a clear increase in industry concentration in Europe as well as in North America between 2000 and 2014 of the order of 4-8 percentage points for the average industry. Over the period, about 3 out of 4 (2-digit) industries in each region saw their concentration increase. The increase is observed for both manufacturing and non-financial services and is not driven by digital-intensive sectors.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264312340
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Suisse 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Schweiz ; Development ; Switzerland ; Schweiz ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Kurzfassung: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. This review assesses the performance of Switzerland including its strategic support to multilateralism in order to tackle global goods and challenges, its comprehensive vision for development and partnerships and the current pressure on development and humanitarian programmes.
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264366169
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Kitchen, Hannah OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Nordmazedonien ; Education ; Governance ; North Macedonia ; Nordmazedonien ; Bildungswesen ; Evaluation
    Kurzfassung: How can assessment and evaluation policies work together more effectively to improve student outcomes in primary and secondary schools? The country reports in this series analyse major issues facing evaluation and assessment policy to identify improvements that can be made to enhance the quality, equity and efficiency of school education. The Republic of North Macedonia has made remarkable progress in expanding access to education and strengthening institutional capacity. Yet, the majority of young Macedonians leave school without mastering the basic competencies for life and work and students’ background continues to influence performance. This review, developed in cooperation with UNICEF, provides North Macedonia with recommendations to help strengthen its evaluation and assessment system, by moving towards a system where assessment provides students with helpful feedback to improve learning. It will be of interest to North Macedonia, as well as other countries looking to make more effective use of their evaluation and assessment system to improve quality and equity, and result in better outcomes for all students.
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  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264475434 , 9789264306622 , 9789264645790
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Tunisia
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport analyse comment le cadre institutionnel et politique existant en Tunisie en matière de communication peut renforcer la transparence et la participation des citoyens. Compte tenu des changements socio-politiques importants intervenus depuis le Printemps arabe, le rapport s’intéresse à la contribution des écosystèmes médiatiques tunisiens aux initiatives du gouvernement ouvert. Il examine les opportunités et les défis rencontrés par les citoyens et les journalistes dans leurs tentatives pour accéder à l’information, et la capacité des médias en ligne, du journalisme civique et des médias associatifs et locaux de renforcer la transparence et de favoriser l’engagement des citoyens. Le rapport envisage diverses réponses possibles aux enjeux actuels de la désinformation et des discours de haine, et suggère des voies de réforme susceptibles d’être soutenues.
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  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264859814
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Çevresel Performans İncelemeleri: Türkiye 2019
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey 2019
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Turkey
    Kurzfassung: La Turquie est l’économie de l’OCDE qui affiche la plus forte croissance et voit ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre progresser rapidement. Depuis 2008, ses émissions atmosphériques, sa consommation d’énergie et d’eau et sa production de déchets ont été découplées en termes relatifs de la croissance économique. Ces pressions environnementales continueront néanmoins d’augmenter dans l’absolu en raison de la forte intensité d’utilisation de ressources de l’économie et de sa dépendance à l’égard des énergies fossiles. Pour améliorer ses performances environnementales, le pays devra réaliser des progrès plus importants dans la transition vers une économie circulaire et peu émettrice de carbone. Ceci est le troisième Examen environnemental de la Turquie. Il évalue les avancées du pays en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, et comporte des chapitres spéciaux consacrés au changement climatique et à la gestion des eaux usées urbaines. Cette version abrégée contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, issues des trois chapitres sur les tendances et développements récents, la gouvernance, la croissance verte, ainsi que des deux chapitres détaillés sur le changement climatique et la gestion des eaux usées urbaines. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264172531 , 9789264312951 , 9789264182769
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (977 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: SME Policy Index
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Albania ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Kosovo ; Montenegro ; North Macedonia ; Serbia ; Turkey
    Kurzfassung: Robust SME sectors are critical to the prosperity of the six Western Balkan economies and Turkey, accounting for over 70% of those employed in the business sector and generating 65% of value added in these seven economies. Yet their potential remains untapped, as SMEs across the region grapple with numerous challenges that hamper their growth and productivity. They are still under-represented in international trade, and their contributions to value-added remain comparatively low as they have difficulties in moving or expanding into high value-added activities. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the implementation of the ten principles of the Small Business Act for Europe (SBA) in the seven EU pre-accession economies over the period 2016-18. It monitors progress against similar assessments performed over the past decade and identifies the outstanding challenges affecting SMEs. It also provides targeted recommendations to remove barriers to SME development and unleashing their potential for driving inclusive economic growth.
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264744202 , 9789264522008 , 9789264728882
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Investing in Youth
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Finnland ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland ; Finnland ; Jugendpolitik ; Bildungspolitik ; Junger Arbeitnehmer
    Kurzfassung: The series Investing in Youth builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. It covers both OECD countries and key emerging economies. The report on Finland presents new results from a comprehensive analysis of the situation of young people in Finland, exploiting various sources of survey-based and administrative data. It provides a detailed assessment of education, employment and social policies in Finland from an international perspective, and offers tailored recommendations to help improve the school-to-work transition. Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017), Norway (2018) and Peru (2019).
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264934207
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Addressing problematic opioid use in OECD countries
    Schlagwort(e): Arzneimittel ; Drogenkonsum ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Arzneimittel ; Drogenkonsum
    Kurzfassung: Over the past few years, Canada and the United States have been experiencing an opioid crisis as a result of problematic opioid use fueled by the emergence of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and carfentanil. Problematic opioid use is also spreading in other OECD countries, due to the upward trend of prescription opioid use and the complexities of the illegal drug supply. This report presents evidence on the magnitude of problematic opioid use across OECD countries, describes the main drivers, and identifies a set of policy actions to address them. The report highlights the opioid crisis as a complex public health issue that requires a comprehensive approach across all sectors, including health, social services, and law enforcement. Strong health information systems are also needed, particularly data and research. Preventing problematic opioid use requires a combination of policies that ensure more information is provided to patients and health care practitioners, while providing access to appropriate pain management treatment for patients. A public health approach to problematic opioid use must incorporate socio-economic considerations (e.g. employment and housing), which also need to be addressed to prevent problematic substance use in general.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264745322
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Spain 2019 (second round)
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Spanien ; Taxation ; Spain ; Spanien ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Spain.
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264736115 , 9789264780989 , 9789264573710
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (99 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Development Centre Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Can social protection be an engine for inclusive growth?
    Schlagwort(e): Soziale Sicherheit ; Sozialversicherung ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Deutschland ; Brasilien ; Ghana ; Indonesien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Deutschland ; Brasilien ; Ghana ; Indonesien ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Qualitatives Wachstum
    Kurzfassung: The potential role of social protection in the development process has received heightened recognition in recent years, yet making a strong investment case for social protection remains particularly challenging in many emerging and developing countries. This report challenges us to think deeply about the economic rationale for social protection investments through an inclusive development lens. It helps us understand the links between social protection, growth and inequality; how to measure those links empirically; social protection’s impact on inclusive growth; and how to build a more solid economic case for greater social protection investments. The report adds to the debate on social protection in three ways. First, it proposes a methodological framework to conceptualise and measure the impact of social protection on what the OECD defines as inclusive growth. Second, it provides new empirical evidence on the impact of different social protection programmes on inclusive growth. Third, it helps strengthen the case for greater investments in social protection while also calling for better data to measure impacts.
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264752641 , 9789264939561 , 9789264868410
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD Open government in Biscay
    Schlagwort(e): E-Government ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Spain ; Vizcaya ; Regierung ; Good Governance
    Kurzfassung: The Review analyses the open government agenda of the Province of Biscay, based on the 2017 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Open Government. It assesses Biscay’s initiatives regarding transparency, accountability and stakeholder participation and how they impact the quality of public service delivery. This review also evaluates Biscay’s institutional, legal and policy frameworks for the implementation of these initiatives, focusing on the creation of a sound monitoring and evaluation system. The report includes recommendations to foster a public governance culture that empowers all stakeholders to actively participate throughout the entire policy cycle. This is the first OECD Open Government Review carried out in a subnational government of an OECD member country.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264455030
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Turks and Caicos Islands 2019 (second round)
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Westindische Inseln ; Taxation ; Turks and Caicos Islands ; Turks- und Caicosinseln ; Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Kooperation
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Turks and Caicos Islands.
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264573048
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Implementing Education Policies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Improving school quality in Norway
    Schlagwort(e): Schulpolitik ; Qualität ; Norwegen ; Education ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Schulpolitik ; Qualität
    Kurzfassung: Norway is committed to a high quality and equitable education system, as demonstrated by its high level of public expenditure on education and the dynamic policy activity targeting education quality. Despite progress made in enhancing average student performance in recent years, there still are significant differences between schools in municipalities and between municipalities and regions. In response, Norway has started to implement the new competence development model that sets out to develop teacher professionalism with in-service professional development. With this new policy, the Government of Norway aims to provide municipalities and schools with greater freedom of action and empower them to carry out systematic school improvements at the local level. This decentralised approach would respond to local context and the diversity of needs between Norwegian schools. This report aims to support Norway in this effort, analysing the features of the new model, the engagement of the different stakeholders and the policy context for its introduction. Building on the OECD implementation framework, the report proposes concrete actions to adapt the implementation strategy for impact. The report will be valuable not only for Norway, but also to the many countries that are looking to promote school-based professional development and bridge the gap between policy design and effective implementation.
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264426924 , 9789264571235 , 9789264936621
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Japan
    Schlagwort(e): Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Agrartechnik ; Innovation ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Ökologischer Landbau ; Japan ; Agriculture and Food ; Industry and Services ; Japan ; Japan ; Landwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Innovation ; Produktivität
    Kurzfassung: In Japan, agriculture has been treated differently from other parts of the national economy. However, policy needs to evolve with new agricultural structures and the global trend towards more integrated value chains, enabling innovation and entrepreneurship in agriculture, and imposing a greater environmental responsibility on producers. Modern agriculture is a technology- and data-intensive industry, and Japan is well-positioned to introduce its competitive technology and skills to agriculture through building more collaborative agricultural innovation system.
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310513 , 9789264310520 , 9789264310506
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: The Governance of Regulators
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Impulsando el desempeño del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones de Perú
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Driving performance at Peru's telecommunications regulator
    Schlagwort(e): Telekommunikationspolitik ; Aufsichtsbehörde ; Regulierung ; Peru ; Governance ; Peru ; Peru ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; Regulierungsbehörde
    Kurzfassung: As “market referees”, regulators contribute to the delivery of essential public utilities. Their organisational culture, behaviour and governance are important factors in how regulators, and the sectors they oversee, perform. This report uses the OECD Performance Assessment Framework for Economic Regulators (PAFER) to assess both the internal and external governance of Peru's Supervisory Agency for Private Investment in Telecommunications (OSIPTEL). The review acknowledges OSIPTEL's achievements and good practices, analyses the key drivers of its performance, and proposes an integrated reform package to help the regulator prepare for the future.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264575462
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (546 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: SME Policy Index
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe América Latina y el Caribe 2019 : Políticas para PYMEs competitivas en la Alianza del Pacífico y países participantes de América del Sur
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: The SME Policy Index is a benchmarking tool that assists emerging economies in monitoring and evaluating progress in policies that support small and medium-sized enterprises. This first application of the Index methodology in the Latin American and Caribbean region covers the four Pacific Alliance member countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru) and three participating South American countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Uruguay). Divided into seven policy dimensions, this report assesses the strengths and weaknesses that exist in different areas of SME policy design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation, and provides guidance to policy makers in identifying policy areas for future reform according to international good practices. This report is a joint effort between the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF) and the OECD through its Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Programme (LACRP), in co-operation with the Latin American and Caribbean Economic System (SELA) and the “Foundation for the Strategic Analysis and Development of the SME” (FAEDPYME).
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264425255 , 9789264307919 , 9789264316997
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio de la OCDE sobre Integridad en Argentina : Lograr un cambio sistémico y sostenido
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Argentina
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Integrity Review of Argentina assesses recent efforts to transform Argentina’s integrity framework from isolated initiatives into a coherent whole-of-society integrity system. The Review presents concrete actions for developing an integrity strategy to sustain current reforms. The Review also provides insights into how to operationalise a risk management approach to corruption and upgrade the internal audit function within government. Finally, the Review assesses the government decision-making process and provides options for increasing its transparency and integrity for more accountable and equitable policies.
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307094 , 9789264312913 , 9789264312920
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Integrity Review of Mexico City: Upgrading the Local Anti-corruption System
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: Este estudio proporciona un análisis del Sistema Anticorrupción de la Ciudad de México, los arreglos institucionales y para la coordinación, el marco regulatorio, las herramientas, los programas y los procesos necesarios para un enfoque estratégico hacia la integridad pública, con base en mejores prácticas internacionales y la Recomendación del Consejo de la OCDE sobre Integridad Pública. Además, el estudio hace recomendaciones concretas para mejorar el diseño y la implementación del sistema, incluyendo el desarrollo de una cultura de integridad en el gobierno, el sector privado y la sociedad en general, la mejora del control interno y la gestión de riesgos y el perfeccionamiento de las políticas sobre contratación pública para asegurar valor por el dinero. Si se implementa efectivamente, el Sistema Anticorrupción de la Ciudad de México podría mejorar la gobernanza, disminuir la incidencia de la corrupción e incrementar la confianza ciudadana, así como también influir sobre la cultura de integridad en el país en general.
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  • 87
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 222
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliche Meinung ; Einwanderung ; Flüchtlinge ; Kultursoziologie ; Europa ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Nordic countries such as Sweden, Norway and Finland have been consistently the most favourable to immigration while eastern European countries such as the Czech Republic and Hungary have been the least favourable. Despite their relatively high average levels of support for immigration, however, many countries of western and northern Europe are quite strongly polarized internally along educational and age lines. This can perhaps explain why political divisions over immigration can be so salient in these countries. Comparing results from 2002/03 and 2016/07, one finds that European attitudes were on average quite stable. However, a number of countries became more generous while several others became more negative. On the issue of government policy towards refugees, there was a marked shift in a negative direction after the 2015/16 refugee crisis. Countries such as Austria, Germany, and Sweden which had experienced large inflows of refugees showed particularly large declines in public support for generous government policy towards asylum requests.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 88
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 225
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Signalling ; Humankapital ; Freie Mitarbeiter ; Telearbeit ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Digitale Plattform ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper studies the effects of a voluntary skill certification scheme in an online freelancing labour market. The paper show that obtaining skill certificates increases a worker’s earnings. This effect is not driven by increased worker productivity but by decreased employer uncertainty. The increase in worker earnings is mostly realised through an increase in the value of the projects obtained (up to 10%) rather than an increase in the number of projects obtained (up to 0.03 projects). In addition, the paper finds evidence for negative selection to completing skill certificates, which suggests that the workers who complete more skill certificates are, on average, in a more disadvantaged position in the labour market. Finally, skill certificates are found to be an imperfect substitute to other types of standardised information. On the whole, the results suggest that certificates play a role in helping new workers break into the labour market, but are more valuable to workers with at least some work experience. More stringent skill certification tests could improve the benefits to new workers.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 89
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 143
    Schlagwort(e): City-Maut ; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Fahrrad ; Share Economy ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Mailand ; Environment ; Italy ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of congestion pricing on the demand for clean transport modes. To this end, it draws on an empirical analysis of the effect of Milan’s congestion charge on the use of bike sharing. The analysis indicates that congestion pricing increases daily bike-sharing use by at least 5% in the short term. Extending the schedule of the congestion charge in the early evening increases bike-sharing use in the affected time window by 12%. The impact of the policy on bike-sharing use mainly occurs through the reduction of road traffic congestion, which makes cycling safer and more pleasant. The findings of the study indicate that policies aiming to reduce car use also have positive repercussions on the uptake of green mobility options. Relying solely on direct incentives for cycling, which often involve infrastructure projects, is likely insufficient to remove barriers to bike use.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 90
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 120
    Schlagwort(e): Fischereipolitik ; Fischereirecht ; Fischereiressourcen ; Ressourcennutzung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper identifies the progress achieved by individual countries in implementing internationally recognised best policies and practices against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing since 2005. It aims to inspire and guide governments and all stakeholders in the fisheries sector in how to focus their effort and investment to step up their fight against IUU fishing. The paper builds on a suite of policy indicators that investigate the extent to which countries meet their responsibilities in the most important dimensions of government intervention in relation to IUU fishing. The indicators show considerable improvement in fighting IUU fishing over the last decade, in line with international treaties and voluntary agreements. They also point to the gaps that need to be closed to individually and collectively work towards eliminating IUU fishing.
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  • 91
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 124
    Schlagwort(e): 2004 - 2014 ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Agricultural sectors are increasingly integrated into international markets as global value chains (GVCs) expand. This integration is helping to drive value added growth in the sector, including the returns that flow to labour. This report explores the impact that trade and agro-food GVC participation has on labour returns and thereby employment not only within the agricultural sectors, but across other sectors of the economy. At the global level, trade and agro-food GVCs generated an average of between 20-26% of total agricultural workforce returns between 2004 and 2014, and labour returns were generated from both direct participation in trade and from indirect participation through other downstream sectors. This report finds that the impact on economy-wide labour returns is on average greater for countries specialising in direct exports of primary products as compared to those specialising in indirect agricultural exports. Evidence also shows that agricultural subsidies have a negative impact both on labour returns from primary sector exports and the returns generated indirectly from processing-sector exports.
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  • 92
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 125
    Schlagwort(e): Agroindustrie ; Wertschöpfung ; Agraraußenhandel ; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Handelsabkommen ; CGE-Modell ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Global value chains (GVCs) in agriculture and food sectors contribute to sector growth and development. However, agricultural trade is subject to significant distortions that limit trade which in turn impacts on its competitiveness world-wide. Using the OECD Metro model, this study analyses the impact of trade and domestic support policies on participation in agro-food GVCs and the benefits that flow from them. The results show that current market access barriers and distorting forms of domestic support have a negative effect not only on welfare, but also on the possible benefits from participation in agro-food GVCs. If barriers, i.e. tariffs and quotas, were removed this would offer the potential to increase welfare, increase exports of agro-food domestic value added from all countries, and promote trade by furthering GVC links through value added. This study also shows that regional trade agreements have the potential to deepen GVC linkages amongst members.
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  • 93
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 219
    Schlagwort(e): Internationaler Markteintritt ; Digitalisierung ; Elektronischer Datenaustausch ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The digital transformation has had a profound impact on international trade, lowering barriers to internationalisation and contributing to growing trade competitiveness, but at the same time making international trade transactions more complex. Distinctions between goods and services and between modes of delivery have become blurred, and trade today must not only to be faster and more reliable, but also meet a range of regulatory requirements that differ across markets, including those related to privacy, consumer protection and security. Against this backdrop, this paper suggests that new and more holistic approaches to market openness are needed for the 21st century. These should take into consideration issues that span goods, services and digital networks more jointly and involve more international dialogue between a range of stakeholders and policy communities. The paper then discusses how principles of good regulatory practice in relation to market openness – in particular, transparency, non-discrimination, interoperability and avoidance of unnecessary trade restrictiveness – can provide guidance when approaching some of these emerging challenges, with a view to helping inform policy makers as they consider rules for the digital age.
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  • 94
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 223
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungshandel ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Handelshemmnisse ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents new data on regulatory barriers affecting services trade within the European Economic Area (EEA), covering 25 EEA countries, 22 sectors and five years (2014-2018). Following the methodology of the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI), qualitative information is scored and weighted to produce binary composite indices. The resulting intra-EEA STRIs reveal that services trade restrictiveness within the Single Market is considerably lower than the applied MFN regime of those EEA members. Moreover, they show that EEA members have achieved significant regulatory harmonisation through their integration process.
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD green growth papers 2019, 03
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Small and medium-sized enterprises (“SMEs”) are important stakeholders for both environmental and economic policymaking. Among OECD countries, they represent roughly 99.7% of all enterprises and 60% of total employment. Simultaneously, while their individual environmental footprint is small, on aggregate, SMEs contribute up to 70% of industrial pollution in Europe. Thus, they have tremendous potential as drivers of green and inclusive growth. Through a comprehensive literature review, this issue paper assesses the trade-offs and synergies between SMEs’ ability to deliver green growth – through greening processes like eco-innovation and adoption of green measures - and their ability to contribute to inclusive growth – through job creation and inclusive business models. This issue paper also reviews relevant policy measures that can help SMEs navigate the opportunities and challenges in delivering green and inclusive growth.
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  • 96
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD LEED working papers no. 2019, 01
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/01
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialwirtschaft ; Innovation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziale Folgen ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Niederlande ; Industry and Services ; Netherlands ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report provides an in-depth analysis of the Dutch policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. It identifies the country’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in the country. Key policy issues analysed include: clarifying the conceptual framework (Chapter 2); formally recognising social enterprises and boosting social entrepreneurship (Chapter 3); promoting social impact measurement and reporting (Chapter 4); developing social entrepreneurial capacity and skills (Chapter 5); improving access to markets and finance (Chapters 6 and 7); and ensuring sustainable institutional support for social entrepreneurship and social innovation (Chapter 8).
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264455030
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (105 Seiten)
    Serie: Global forum on transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Turks and Caicos Islands 2019 (second round)
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Westindische Inseln ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Turks- und Caicosinseln ; Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Kooperation
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  • 98
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 130
    Schlagwort(e): Agrarpolitik ; Agrarsubvention ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Artenvielfalt ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The relationship between agricultural support policies (adapted from the OECD Producer Support Estimate (PSE) classification) and a selection of environmental impacts are analysed in a range of country settings, using a farm-level and a market-level model. Based on the methods and environmental indicators used, market price support and payments based on unconstrained variable input use were the most environmentally harmful among the various PSE measures. Decoupled support payments based on non-current crop area were the least harmful, even when considering their impacts on the behaviour of risk averse farmers. The impacts of support policies that clearly change the competitiveness of one production activity in relation to another, such as payments based on current crop area or on animal numbers, were more equivocal. Support payments subject to environmental constraints can improve environmental outcomes compared to coupled support without restrictions, however, they can also have unintended environmental impacts.
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  • 99
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 229
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in generating economic activity and employment in developing and developed countries. However, partly due to remaining at-the-border trade costs, SMEs continue to be less represented in international trade – as direct exporters or importers – than larger firms. Drawing on cross-country data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), together with the OECD Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (TEC), this paper looks at the relationship between the trade facilitation environment – as measured through the OECD Trade Facilitation Indicators (TFIs) – and various measures of international engagement of SMEs. While there are differentiated impacts across firm size for different trade facilitation areas, the analysis shows that firms of all sizes across both developed and developing economies benefit from improvements in the overall trade facilitation environment, helping them export and import. However, on aggregate, smaller firms benefit more from improvements in the overall trade facilitation environment relative to large firms. The analysis also suggests that some trade facilitation measures matter more in addressing fixed versus variable costs for SMEs and provides some guidance as to what trade facilitation policy reforms might be prioritised.
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  • 100
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 232
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Digital transformation has enabled easier tradability of traditional services across borders and the emergence of new services that create value from data. But the benefits derived from digitalisation risk being derailed by existing and emerging trade barriers. The OECD Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (Digital STRI) is a new tool that identifies, catalogues, and quantifies cross-cutting barriers between 2014 and 2018 that affect trade in digitally-enabled services across all G20 countries. This index is comprised of a regulatory database of existing trade barriers based on publicly available laws and regulations, as well as composite indices that measure the trade restrictiveness of these policies. The Digital STRI shows that the regulatory environment is complex and diverse across G20 countries, and that there is scope to reduce trade barriers, particularly with respect to communications infrastructure and burdensome measures that affect cross-border data transfers. The Digital STRI can also map regulatory heterogeneity across the G20, and help monitor regulatory convergence, e.g. from regulatory cooperation in trade agreements.
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