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  • Englisch  (622)
  • 1995-1999  (598)
  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (622)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264164093
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Fears of the prospect of growing social exclusion have become important concerns in recent years for many countries. Improving the quality of education and the standards attained by students to improve employability is one of the tools being used to prevent exclusion. However, changing social realities are leaving young children and students more exposed than ever to failure at school and unemployment. It is becoming increasingly clear that communities, education systems, schools and teachers are not equipped to deal with the many problems which arise and when social or health services become involved conflicts of interest can arise leading to actions which are not always in the clients' best interests. The necessity to provide greater co-ordination among these services, to improve their efficiency and effectiveness and to provide a seamless support to meet the holistic needs of students and their families is now becoming more accepted. Such an approach, inter alia, is community-based, emphasises prevention rather than being crisis-oriented, is customer-driven rather than being focused on an agency, and is accountable through outcomes rather than inputs. For many, better co-ordination of services is seen as the only solution available which is commensurate with our present democratic societies. All of the papers in this book were presented at a conference held in Toronto, Canada. They are original and have been written by policy-makers from different ministries, researchers from different disciplines and clients who come variously from Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the USA.
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Profils de gestion publique dans les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale : Slovaquie
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Slovak Republic
    Kurzfassung: Slovakia was established as an independent, sovereign state on 1 January 1993. Since the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Slovakia has focused on the following activities: transforming a centrally controlled economy into a free market economy; the reform of public administration; passing constitutional laws and guarantees of fundamental human rights and freedoms; harmonising the legal system to be consistent with the norms of the European Union; emphasising economic, political, cultural, defensive and humanitarian co-operation with the European Union; and joining the European Union. The first parliamentary elections were held in September 1994.
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264173609
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Serie: OECD proceedings
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Towards lifelong learning in Hungary
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    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Ungarn ; Bildungswesen ; Ungarn ; Berufsbildung
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9264172998
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD proceedings
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Workshop on Ion and Slow Positron Beam Utilisation 〈1998, Costa da Caparica〉; Proceedings of the Workshop on Ion and Slow Positron Beam Utilisation
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    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Ionenstrahl ; Positronenstrahl
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264174344
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Panorama de la législation nucléaire en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les NEI
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: This publication examines the legislation and regulations governing the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in Eastern European countries. It covers eleven countries from Central and Eastern Europe and five countries from the Community of Independant States. The chapters follow a systematic format making it easier for the reader to research and compare information. This study will be updated regularly.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9264172874
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Decentralising employment policy
    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Lokale Beschäftigungsinitiative
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264173866
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (462 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Nuclear Science
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Kurzfassung: Plutonium and minor actinide burning or recycling in thermal and fast reactors is being studied in many countries with the aim of maintaining and developing fuel cycle options which can be adjusted to changing demands and constraints. The challenge is to move towards an economically and socially sustainable nuclear energy system based on advanced reactors - advanced water-cooled reactors, fast reactors and perhaps accelerator-based, hybrid reactors - and new types of fuel cycles which help to minimise the waste arising. An additional issue concerns the availability of resources for the long-term future. This workshop introduced new ideas on R&D activities and identified areas and research tasks relevant for the deployment of new systems and in which international co-operation can be strengthened. The roles played by existing experimental facilities as well as possible needs for new ones are discussed. The conclusions of the technical sessions are synthesised and the results of a round table discussion on international co-operation are presented.
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264173757
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Repr.
    Ausgabe: Bd. 1 (Concepts and framework) - 2 (Issues and design)
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Serie: OECD proceedings
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental indicators for agriculture
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Vol. 1: Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2: Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
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    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264172912
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Road Transport and Intermodal Linkages Research Programme
    Serie: Road transport and intermodal linkages research
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Safety strategies for rural roads
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Stratégies de sécurité routière en rase campagne
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Stratégies de sécurité routière en rase campagne
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    Schlagwort(e): Verkehrssicherheit ; Landstraße
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264172580
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Bd. 1 - 3
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental requirements for industrial permitting
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Industrie ; Konzession ; Umwelt
    Anmerkung: Erschienen Bd. 1 - 3
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173088
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Development Co-operation Reviews no.33
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Danemark 1999
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Danemark 1999
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Denmark
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Denmark's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that Denmark is the top performer among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in terms of the volume of its official development assistance (ODA). Denmark’s ODA volume has been maintained at around 1% of gross national product (GNP) since 1992, thanks to a strong consensus and public support for development aid. The quality of Denmark’s aid effort is also most impressive. In particular this high volume of aid is supported by a strong long-range strategy, whose directions - and especially the central emphasis on poverty reduction - are in harmony with the Development Partnership Strategy agreed by the DAC in 1996. Denmark has succeeded in concentrating its bilateral assistance on 20 countries, 18 of which are low-income or least developed countries. Aid is concentrated on sectors of particular relevance to the poor and on programmes in the poorest areas of these countries, thus working towards the goal of poverty reduction. Since 1996, Denmark has pursued a policy of "active multilateralism" to promote its concerns for increased focus and efficiency in multilateral aid programmes. However, there is no clear evidence that this policy has greatly advanced the intended results, as it still reflects a largely unilateral approach more than a joint endeavour. Denmark is a long-standing positive example of the integration of the aid system with other aspects of foreign relations. This approach combines policy coherence in Denmark’s relations with developing countries and professionalism in the aid programme, enhanced by an effective decentralisation of responsibility to embassies in programme countries. This integrated approach has helped Danish development assistance (Danida) to pioneer since 1994 a shift in aid implementation from project support to Sector Programme Support (SPS), an approach which should be mutually reinforcing with the DAC’s Partnership Strategy. It implies also a stepping up in co-ordination activities, both between donors and with partner countries, which Denmark has fully backed.
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.155
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; India
    Kurzfassung: The paper analyses economic and political causes as well as outcomes of the sudden reversal of Indian economic policies in 1991–93, after four decades of autarky and interventionism. It argues that a changing political landscape and the emergence of new interest groups, coupled with a severe balance–of–payments crisis, left little choice to the governing party but to break with the legacy of a patrimonial state. More competition, at political and economic levels, forced the hand of politicians to remove direct quantitative controls on industrial production, imports and access to capital. These reforms remained, however, partial and did not fundamentally change the politico–economic equation. Systemic opposition to reform remained strong enough to capture or neutralise some of the gains of liberalisation. Thus, the reform movement faltered and eventually ceased ...
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/15
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le point sur les projets de gestion des actifs au Royaume-Uni
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: Government, because of its commitment to education, is making significant additional capital funding available to the schools sector. Over the next three years, through various policy initiatives, about GBP 6 billion will be available to clear the maintenance backlog and improve school buildings. It is important that this money is used efficiently and as effectively as possible. Local Education Authorities (LEAs) will be responsible for preparing the Asset Management Plans, which will cover all types of state-funded schools in their boundaries. An AMP will provide an agreed basis for local decisions on spending priorities.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264172081
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les incidences économiques et sociales du commerce électronique ; Résultats préliminaires et programme de recherche
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les incidences économiques et sociales du commerce électronique : Résultats préliminaires et programme de recherche
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Though only three years old, electronic commerce over the Internet has the potential to transform the marketplace. E-commerce will change the way business is conducted. Traditional intermediary functions will be replaced, new products and markets will be developed, and new relationships will be created between business and consumers. It will alter the way work is organised and open new channels of knowledge diffusion and human interactivity in the workplace. Workers will need to be more flexible as their functions and skills are redefined. The changes e-commerce will bring are far-reaching. They require new frameworks for doing business and a re-examination of government policies relating to commerce and skills. What is electronic commerce? What is the current state and likely future direction of e-commerce? What are the drivers and what are the inhibitors? What is its impact on costs, prices, and ultimately on economic efficiency? How is it affecting intermediaries? How do firms compete in the electronic environment? What market structure is likely to emerge? What is the impact on jobs? What types of skills will be needed? What major societal transformations will it entail? The full impact of e-commerce remains to be seen. This book begins to address these questions and provides a ground-breaking assessment of the economic and social impacts of electronic commerce and its effects on jobs by drawing on existing qualitative and quantitative evidence. This early analysis of an extremely dynamic activity identifies a number of areas where research is urgently needed and serves as the basis for an informed policy debate.
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.154
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: This Technical Paper analyses the main policy issues raised by regulatory reform in air transport in sub–Saharan Africa. Its basic premise is that improving air infrastructure is of paramount importance for the region as it tries to integrate more thoroughly into the world economy. On the basis of the experience of OECD countries with privatisation, liberalisation, and regulatory design, the author analyses progress being made in sub– Saharan Africa and identifies three important case studies: the restructuring of the regional airline of Francophone Western Africa, the sell–off of the state–owned airline of Kenya, and the overall reform process in South Africa, by far the largest market in the sub–continent. The analysis highlights the importance of regional dynamics in the upgrading of the air transport industry in developing and emerging areas. Sub–Saharan Africa has made smaller progress in this respect than, for instance, Central America. As the start of the Millenium Round and ...
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/02
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Construction des écoles et décentralisation au Mexique
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: The Administrative Board of the Federal School Construction Programme (CAPFCE) has been in existence for 54 years, but it was only in 1977 that initial efforts were made to transfer responsibility for educational building to the administrations of the 32 states of Mexico. The CAPFCE is now a body that sets standards, exercises technical supervision and provides financial assistance.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264173989
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (356 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis 1999
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis 1999
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; United States
    Kurzfassung: The United States has been a world leader in regulatory reform for a quarter century. Contrary to popular belief, the United States is not less regulated than other countries, but differently regulated due to the pro-competition policy stance of federal regulatory regimes, and the openness and contestability of regulatory processes. Far-reaching economic deregulation combined with efforts to improve the quality of social regulation have supported the construction of one of the most innovative, flexible and open economies in the OECD, while maintaining health, safety and environmental standards at relatively high levels. However, significant regulatory problems still exist. Improving the performance and cost-effectiveness of expensive social regulations and government formalities is a key challenge for regulatory quality. In a word, the challenge of regulatory reform in the United States is not how much regulation, but how good. The United States is one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as electricity and telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/12
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le projet d'école 2001 à Pendao, au Portugal
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Portugal
    Kurzfassung: This article is an extract from a presentation made by Isabel Mendinhos to the PEB Steering Committee in June 1999. The project she describes, School 2001, concerns a school for lower secondary education, School E.B. 2,3 Professor Galopin de Carvalho in Pendao, Portugal where she teaches. A new school, based on a innovative project and eagerly awaited by the school community, is soon to be constructed. This provided the ideal moment to reflect on and plan for multimedia and computer equipment, networking and the needs of a disadvantaged student population and to improve a deprived environment.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264174467
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: This publication provides a detailed description of the Sources and Methods which were used in the compilation of the quantitative indicators published in the now discontinued quarterly Indicators of Industrial Activity, which was a unique source of short-term industrial statistics broken down by industrial sectors in OECD member countries. The indicators selected are indices of output, deliveries, new orders, unfilled orders, producer prices and employment. The statistics are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC).
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  • 20
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.37
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This study extends research on the impact of age-specific disability trends internationally, with a specific emphasis on long-term care needs. It focuses on changing patterns of disability in populations over 65 for a set of OECD countries for which cross-sectional evidence is available for at least two points in time five years or more apart (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States). It analyses the policy implications of trends in health outcomes among older populations, both in terms of financing and with respect to the balance of care between home and institutions. Information related to severe disability, as measured by the ability to carry out activities of daily living, was obtained for the population aged 65 and over, and cross-classified into four age groups and by gender. Two projections were made: one assumes stable rates of disability, and the other reflects the rate of change based on ...
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264187757
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (263 p)
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 80 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.212
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This study examines the dynamics of poverty for four OECD countries (Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States). It provides information on patterns of poverty, which groups stay in poverty the longest, and household/individual characteristics and life-course events which appear to be most closely associated with transitions into and out of poverty and the length of time individuals stay in poverty. The analysis finds that the number of people touched by poverty over a six year period is significantly larger that the poverty rate might suggest, but the share of those staying poor for a long time is much smaller. The data suggest that longer-term poor are concentrated among women, lone parents and older single individuals. The study finds that employment status is the main factor affecting transitions into and out of poverty and the duration of poverty ...
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 107 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.202
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the main determinants of the decision to retire from the labour market in OECD countries, and in particular the role of social security systems in driving down the labour-force participation rate of older people in recent decades. It demonstrates that old-age pension systems in virtually all OECD countries in the mid-1990s made it financially unattractive to work after the age of 55, and the implicit tax on continued work has risen strongly since the 1960s in most countries. Financial disincentives to continued work have been amplified by various de facto early-retirement programmes, including unemployment-related and disability schemes. Pooled cross-country time-series regressions show that increased disincentives to work at older ages have contributed significantly to the drop in labour-force participation rates of older males, but also demonstrate that the deterioration of labourmarket conditions in many countries has played a significant role as well ...
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  • 24
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Serie: OECD proceedings
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor Based Plutonium Disposition (1998 : Paris) Proceedings of the Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor-Based Plutonium Disposition
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    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Plutonium ; Mischoxide ; Kernbrennstoff
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.1999/03
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'investissement étranger direct et le commerce international : Sont-ils complémentaires ou substituables ?
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The relationships between trade and foreign investment (FDI) are at the core of globalisation. Analytical work has recently been developed by OECD in order to explore the nature of these links in quantitative terms. This report combines the previous more technical work developed over the last three years. This empirical work revealed the complexity of these links but, at the same time, showed the main and positive influence of foreign direct investment on international trade particularly after the mid– 1980s. Empirical results show that foreign direct investment abroad stimulates the growth of exports from countries of origin and consequently this investment is complementary to trade ...
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.209
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Germany
    Kurzfassung: In Germany fiscal relations between the various levels of government have come to the fore of the policy debate. In practice the federal fiscal set-up has evolved towards consensus and co-operation, where equalisation of living standards takes precedence over public choice and economic incentives. Shared taxes and the low reliance on own taxes make for a relatively inefficient control over public spending. At the same time, the system may be criticised for not achieving economic convergence among the states. The difference in regional living standards is smaller than in some other economies, but the revenue equalisation system offers no incentives to expand the tax base and may even promote tax avoidance. Greater dynamism could be achieved with a less confiscatory equalisation system and a higher degree of tax autonomy and both of these should form part of any balanced tax and expenditure reform ...
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.217
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: As in other OECD countries Australia’s population is ageing progressively. On unchanged policies, this will increase government outlays for public pensions and health care, causing a deterioration in budget balances, and reduce economic growth (mainly by lowering growth in the labour force). Nevertheless, the prospective deterioration in Australia’s budget finances is much less than in most other OECD countries because the government only provides the first pillar of retirement income arrangements and means tests this age pension. Moreover, superannuation (private pension fund) benefits are growing, reducing entitlements to the age pension. Even so, the budget costs of population ageing could be lowered by reducing the scope for early retirees to draw on superannuation savings and by requiring individuals to prefund part of the costs of long-term aged care. But the greatest challenge facing Australia policy makers in reducing the costs of population ageing is to roll back the trend ...
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.210
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Different categories of foreign portfolio investors in Korea have differences as well as similarities in their trading behavior before and during the currency crisis. First, non-resident institutional investors are always positive feedback traders, whereas resident investors were negative feedback (contrarian) traders before the crisis but switch to be positive feedback traders during the crisis. Second, individual investors herd significantly more than institutional investors. Non-resident (institutional as well individual) investors herd significantly more than their resident counterparts. Third, differences in the Western and Korean news coverage are correlated with differences in net selling by non-resident investors relative to resident investors ...
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.42
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Digital television, whether delivered via terrestrial transmissions, via satellite transmissions, via cable, or via some other medium, will be an important component in the audio-visual market.
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  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.15
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La réforme des fonds de pension : Leçons d'Amérique Latine
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: • There are benefits from Latin American pension reform, but they have been overestimated. • The approaches taken in second-generation reforms and their still early results hold lessons for OECD and non-OECD countries alike. • A partial shift to funding is feasible and can be financed in different ways; partial funding of pensions can lead to greater risk diversification. • High administrative costs and uniformity of investment portfolios make the new systems inefficient; pension regulation has to be designed and implemented to lessen these negative effects.
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.220
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: As it takes time and effort to learn how to fully utilise new technology and realise its maximum potential productivity gain, adoption of new technology tends to reduce productivity temporarily, even though the potential productivity gain in the long run outweighs this short run loss. This paper points to such “learning cost” in technology upgrading as a potential explanation of the following two “productivity puzzles” reported in the Information Technology (IT) literature and in the studies of East Asian economic growth. First, in the 1980s, US companies made enormous IT investments, but little productivity gain was observed. Second, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth of “Newly Industrialising Countries” (NICs) in East Asia was mediocre in spite of the impressive investment drive in those countries. A simple model of optimal intervals for technology upgrading with learning cost is developed. This model predicts that a company with higher frequency in technology upgrading will tend to have higher market value even with lower current profitability. An empirical study using unbalanced panel data of 1,031 US companies from 1986 to 1995 supports this prediction. Extending the scope from firm-level to industry-level, the paper estimates the magnitude of industry-wide learning-by-doing effects using annual data on 15 sub-industries in the Japanese machinery manufacturing sector from 1955 to 1990. The results show that industry-wide learning-by-doing was strong in low-tech industries where technological change was relatively slow, while it was insignificant in high-tech industries which experienced rapid technological evolution. It is also observed in the US and Japanese manufacturing industries that TFP growth tends to decrease with faster capital accumulation. This negative correlation is reproduced in simulations based on the extended model of learning cost.
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  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/05
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Une école modèle en Albanie
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Albania
    Kurzfassung: The school soon to be completed in Paskuqan, a suburb of Tirana, was created to meet the present and changing needs of the community. The long-lasting, flexible structure designed to stimulate learning is the result of a close collaboration between pedagogical and building experts. The Albania Education Development Project (AEDP) of the Soros Foundation has financed the school – for pupils in the first eight years of education – as part of its larger programme to foster the country’s educational system.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264173774
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (284 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas 1999
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas 1999
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Netherlands
    Kurzfassung: The Dutch experience in regulatory reform has vital lessons about the modernisation of the European welfare state and its integration into the European single market. Regulatory reform is the most recent element in the reshaping of the Dutch model. Following reforms to labour markets and the social welfare system in the 1980s, Dutch governments in the 1990s have sought a "new balance between protection and dynamism" based on competition policy, regulatory reform, and market openness. Today, the Netherlands ranks among the top OECD countries by many measures of economic performance, including employment growth. Though still in its early phases, regulatory reform has already produced major gains for the Netherlands in terms of competitiveness, flexibility, and consumer benefits. Yet major challenges are still to be faced. Some important reforms have been slow, indicating that the balance between domestic consensus-building and policy responsiveness is still being adjusted in the modern Dutch model. Further reforms in many areas will bring important gains in boosting the employment rate, improving sectoral performance, and providing social protection at lower cost. The Netherlands is one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as electricity and telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.222
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Switzerland
    Kurzfassung: There have been a number of tax reforms in Switzerland in recent years aimed at enhancing economic efficiency and equity. This paper sets these reforms in the context of the forces shaping tax policy in Switzerland and the main features of the Swiss tax system and suggests areas where further reforms could be beneficial. These include applying more equal tax treatment to different forms of savings, moving to a flat-rate tax on corporate profits in all cantons and making greater use of environmental taxes. It is recognised that Switzerland’s highly decentralised federal structure and system of direct democracy can slow reforms, although these features also increase the legitimacy of reforms, reducing the risk of policy reversals ...
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.15
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Bulgarie
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Bulgaria
    Kurzfassung: The Republic of Bulgaria was restored in January 1990, following amendments to the communist-inspired constitution, which put an end to the single-party rule of the Bulgarian Communist Party, and the conclusion of the round table agreement between the communist government and representatives of the democratic opposition. The new Bulgarian Constitution was adopted by the Grand National Assembly in July 1991. It marked the return to multi-party democracy. Since the beginning of democratic transformation in Bulgaria, four general parliamentary elections have been held, including the elections to what was then called the Grand National Assembly of June 1990, and elections to the national assembly in October 1991, December 1994 and, most recently, April 1997. The next parliamentary elections are scheduled for spring 2001. Presidential elections were held in January 1992 and November 1996. The next elections for the presidency will be held in autumn 2001. Democratic local government elections took place in October 1991 and in November 1995. The next round of local elections will take place in the autumn of 1999.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264172999
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Portugal
    Kurzfassung: The use of ion beams in nuclear research is well established, with many facilities and networks of experts active in the field. Applications for ion beams are expanding, in particular in the development of new materials, biotechnology and the creation of new isotopes. Positron beams are likewise a very powerful tool for observing and influencing microscopic material structures, as well as for medical diagnosis. The combined utilisation of ion and positron beams is expected to open up new horizons in the areas of material science and biotechnology. These proceedings provide an overview of the latest developments in this field, and highlight areas for future international co-operation.
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173682
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Serie: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi ; Évaluation des performances et des politiques
    Schlagwort(e): Employment
    Kurzfassung: High and persistent unemployment remains a major economic and social problem for many OECD countries. Currently, some 35 million persons are unemployed across the area and many others are so discouraged that they are not even looking for a job. There is also increasing concern about precarious jobs and in-work poverty in some countries. The OECD Jobs Strategy was launched five years ago in response to these problems. And it works: the available empirical evidence shows that its continued and comprehensive implementation leads to durably lower unemployment and higher employment. What lies behind the disparities in levels and trends of unemployment rates across countries? Why have some countries outperformed others in terms of successfully cutting unemployment? Why do some groups in society - the young, older workers, the low-skilled - have difficulty finding and keeping rewarding jobs in many countries? Should the rise in temporary and part-time jobs be welcomed or resisted? This publication reviews these issues in light of countries’ experience in implementing The OECD Jobs Strategy. It puts the spotlight on groups at the margin of the labour market, and looks at the policies required to better integrate them.
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174030
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les pouvoirs fiscaux des administrations infranationales
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Taxation
    Kurzfassung: In many OECD countries, issues in fiscal federalism feature prominently in the political debate. Policy discussions in this area should preferably be supported by internationally comparable statistical information on fiscal relations between levels of government, both in the areas of taxation and spending. The annual OECD Revenue Statistics publication reports tax revenues by sub-sector of general government. However, it does not indicate the degree of control state and local governments exercise over their tax revenues. Because such data are not available on an internationally comparable level from other sources, the OECD has developed a framework to assess and analyze the degree of control that sub-central governments have over their taxes. Results shown in this book serve to illustrate the great variety in tax autonomy at the level of sub-central government. This volume contains a description of fiscal relations in most of the nineteen countries concerned and it provides a set of detailed tables for each country, with revenues split by 1) level of sub-central government; 2) OECD classification of taxes; and 3) category of tax autonomy, following the framework developed by the Working Party on Tax Policy Analysis and Tax Statistics.
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172654
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Over one million people world-wide have benefited from successful tissue and organ transplants and survival rates have dramatically improved. But transplantation has become a victim of its own success. The demand for human organs can no longer be met and deaths of persons on waiting lists have more than doubled since 1988. A number of alternatives have been proposed to fill the gap between the supply and demand of organs and the past few years have seen the development of various approaches derived from recent advances in biotechnology. Among these technologies is xenotransplantation - the transplantation of viable cells, tissues and organs from one animal species to another. Xenotransplantation of cells and tissues has been approved for clinical trials in a number of OECD countries. However, opinions about the risks from these early procedures and whether to proceed any further vary. At the New York 1998 Workshop on "International issues in transplantation biotechnology including the use of non-human cells, tissues and organs", world leaders in the field reported on the state of the art and unmet needs in transplantation, addressing in particular the potential, the risks, the ethics and socio-economic impacts of xenotransplantation. Based on presentations, transcripts of round-table discussions and comments raised at the workshop, this book provides an overview of the field and of current regulatory frameworks and addresses the most pressing international policy considerations on xenotransplantation.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264173859
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; France
    Kurzfassung: The optimisation of the nuclear fuel cycle is a key issue for the sustainability of nuclear energy. This book presents the papers from a workshop which investigated alternative nuclear energy futures, with emphasis on back-end of the fuel cycle options that could enhance the sustainability of nuclear energy in the long term, to 2050 and beyond. The papers lay out the conditions that need to be fulfilled for nuclear energy to remain a viable option and highlight the technological and strategic developments underway to address those issues. Subjects covered include natural resource management, radioactive waste minimisation, cost reduction and proliferation resistance aspects of alternative reactor and fuel cycle technologies.
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172920
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: How can the social and behavioural sciences contribute more effectively to solving the problems of society? Authoritative experts and policy makers examine the current state and status of the social sciences and present their views on what needs to be done. The authors, who represent OECD countries with diverse traditions and experience, discuss in particular the need to restructure social sciences, to better link them to policy making, to strengthen related basic research, to take advantage of progress made in information technologies for large-scale surveys and data storage, etc. Illustrative developments concern youth and urban problems, education reforms, immigration and environmental policies.
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264266315
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the driving forces binding countries into closer economic interdependence. The rapid increase in FDI flows has generated considerable debate about its environmental implications, in particular the impacts on environmental quality in the investment host country. A broader issue is the role of FDI in promoting sustainable development. To date, much of the debate has been polemical in nature. This volume moves the debate forward by analysing in a clear and considered manner the key issues in the FDI and environment relationship. Empirical evidence from OECD and non-OECD countries is presented and the strengths and weaknesses of policy and institutional frameworks that guide investors' environmental behaviour are discussed. In addition, the emerging role of voluntary commitments on the environment is examined. Best practices in this area are highlighted. The papers were presented at the OECD Conference on Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment held in January 1999 in The Hague.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789164180315
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (308 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique 1999
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique 1999
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: OECD's 1999 review of regulatory reform in Mexico. It finds that regulatory reform has been key to the transformation of the Mexican economy over the past 15 years. Formerly inward-looking and heavily regulated, the Mexican economy today is relatively open and market-based. The rapid pace, broad scope, and depth of regulatory reforms exceed those of most OECD countries. These reforms have already produced major benefits for Mexico, not least by increasing economic flexibility so that Mexico rebounds more quickly from economic crises. But benefits of reforms have been slowed by the macroeconomic crises of the 1990s. Sustained attention is needed now to complete and implement reforms to establish conditions for vigorous market competition and entry, while strengthening the capacity of the Mexican state to use high quality and transparent regulatory instruments in carrying out public policies. A multi-year period of policy stability supportive of market-led growth could produce enduring and broad-based benefits for Mexican consumers and businesses. Mexico was one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264173712
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (360 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation au Japon 1999
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation au Japon 1999
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: OECD's 1999 review of regulatory reform in Japan. It finds that regulatory reform is at the heart of Japan’s strategy for economic recovery and long-term growth. Identified as a priority by the Japanese Government as early as 1994, considerable progress in regulatory reform has already been made. But today it is essential that regulatory reform be deepened and accelerated. This report calls for a "sharp break" with the regulatory practices and doctrines of the past. Energetic measures, including both sectoral reform and reform of framework conditions, need to be adopted quickly to complete the transition from a state-led growth model, now largely ineffective, to a market-driven growth model, the only model capable of laying the foundation for sustainable competitiveness and prosperity in Japan. Japan was one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as electricity and telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180048
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.110
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La congestion routière en Europe
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: The problems caused by road congestion are frequently reported in the media and finding a solution to congestion ranks high on the agenda of politicians. Countless studies have been published detailing the number of working hours lost in traffic jams. The figures quoted in these studies are alarming and paint an apocalyptic picture of road congestion. However, besides the everyday congestion faced by motorists, differences of opinion are now starting to appear with regard to the scale of the problem and the ways in which it should be tackled. This Round Table attempted to define congestion and to determine the scale of the problem. It addressed the trends in congestion and the consequences of those trends. The Round Table then considered possible solutions to the congestion problem. Considering the extent of this problem in the European context, the Round Table report sheds light on one of the most visible malfunctions of transport systems.
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.8
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Lettonie
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Latvia
    Kurzfassung: Latvia is a parliamentary republic first established on 18 November 1918, whose constitution (Satversme) was adopted on 15 February 1922. Its de facto sovereignty and independence ended with the USSR’s occupation as from 1940 and were restored by the Declaration of the Renewal of the Independence of the Republic of Latvia dated 4 May 1990 and the 21 August 1991 declaration re-establishing de facto independence, both of which proclaimed the authority of the Satversme. The Satversme was fully reinstated on 6 July 1993 when the parliament (Saeima) convened after the first democratic elections since the 1930s. On 17 June 1999, the 100-member Saeima cast 53 votes for Vaira Vike-Freiberga, who became the first woman to be elected president in the former Soviet Union.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789246180547
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Radioactive Waste Management
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Évacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs ; Bilan des dix dernières années
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Évacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs : Bilan des dix dernières années
    DDC: 621.48/38
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Untertagedeponie ; Entsorgung ; Radioaktiver Abfall
    Kurzfassung: The concept of removing long-lived radioactive wastes from the human environment by disposal in deep geological repositories was developed several decades ago. In the intervening years, research efforts world-wide have increased our knowledge and understanding of how underground disposal systems will function over very long periods of time. Significant progress has also been made towards implementation of such facilities. There have, however, been delays in the disposal programmes of several countries. This report is a review of developments in the past decade. The primary sources of information are the answers to a questionnaire provided by waste management organisations represented in the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC). The latter is an international forum of senior specialists from safety authorities, waste management agencies, R&D institutions and policy-making bodies.
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  • 48
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 14 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.45
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper reports initial results from a Secretariat survey of recent unilateral liberalisation and facilitation measures relevant to the growth of Internet-based electronic commerce that have been undertaken by Governments in both OECD and non-OECD member economies.
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  • 49
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.213
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In this paper, we present estimates of the mark-up of product price over marginal costs for the US manufacturing industries over the 1970-1992 period. The paper extends the analysis used in previous studies based on nominal productivity residuals by considering intermediate inputs and cyclical fluctuations of price margins. The estimated steady-state mark-ups are positive but moderate, generally in the range of 10-20 per cent. The results also support the hypothesis of countercyclical price margins in most manufacturing industries, especially in the presence of downward rigidities of labour inputs. This offers an appealing interpretation of the otherwise puzzling procyclicality of real wages and enables to better estimate TFP. We also discuss the role of market structures on the levels and cyclicality of mark-ups. Finally, we compare the results for the United States with those of the other G-5 countries and distinguish between fragmented and segmented industries. The latter ...
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.13
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. République tchèque
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Czech Republic
    Kurzfassung: The period of democratic transition began in November 1989 and was mainly defined by the following events: the ending of the totalitarian rule of the Communist Party on 17 November 1989; the beginning of the reconstruction of state administration and the centralized economic system in January 1990; the first democratic parliamentary elections to the Federal Assembly, the Czech National Council and the Slovak National Council in June 1990; the dissolution of the Federation on 1 January 1993; and the subsequent establishment of a public management system for the newly independent Czech Republic.
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.1999/03
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the differences, similarities and synergies between voluntary and binding approaches to international rules. Voluntary efforts to ensure that firms adhere to appropriate standards of business conduct have been an important recent development in international business. These efforts have included the publication of codes of conduct describing the nature of a firm’s commitments in such areas as environment, labour, product safety and bribery as well as implementation of specialised management systems designed to help firms honour these commitments. Yet, some NGOs and labour unions question the credibility of these efforts and wonder whether initiatives that do not have the force of law can ever be effective. This paper notes that all approaches to the social control of business organisations – voluntary and legally binding -- have distinctive shortcomings. These include problems of: credibility arising from imperfect monitoring and enforcement; capture of the control ...
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  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/08
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les besoins en bâtiments scolaires dans la communauté flamande de Belgique
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Belgium
    Kurzfassung: Confronted with a growing need for educational buildings and a significant lack of funds, Belgium’s Flemish Community carried out an inquiry into building needs at all levels of education. This article concentrates on the methodology used for the inquiry, the findings and the consequences for Flemish educational building policy.
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  • 53
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.41
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper focuses on the capacity requirements and price development for telecommunication infrastructure for business-to-business electronic commerce.
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  • 54
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/14
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les bibliothèques scolaires dans une société de communication
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: PEB and the Ministry of Education of Portugal brought together 67 library and resource centre professionals, policy makers, educators and information technology specialists from 21 countries around the theme “Designing Schools for the Information Society: Libraries and Resource Centres”. The seminar, held in Portugal in June 1999, addressed how the growing use of information technology and the move toward schools as community learning centres are affecting the demand for and use of space in educational institutions, with particular reference to changes which promote lifelong learning and the creation of the information society. Below are excerpts from some of the presentations.
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/03
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Laboratoires de sciences dans les établissements scolaires : Tendances actuelles et lignes directrices
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Science laboratories in schools are expensive to equip and maintain. Specific pedagogical needs, new technology and safety requirements contribute to the costs. In an effort to get the most efficient use of facilities, some countries are rethinking school labs with a move toward more flexible approaches.
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  • 56
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173163
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Énergie ; les cinquante prochaines années
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Énergie : les cinquante prochaines années
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: How long will conventional fossil fuels remain the predominant source of energy? Does nuclear power have a future? What new energy technologies are emerging on the horizon? What are the implications of the growing role played by developing countries as producers and users of energy? What can be done to avoid international energy crises in the future? How will the information society affect the production and use of energy? And what will be the long-term implications of international environmental agreements for a sustainable energy future? Endeavours to set world energy on a sustainable footing are entering a critical phase. By 2050 the energy landscape could be completely transformed. A highly diversified mix of conventional and new fuels will be in use; unprecedented levels of energy efficiency in transport systems, housing and other infrastructures will likely have been attained; and people could at last be reaping the rewards of environmentally responsible lifestyles. But such a shift towards sustainable use of energy will take decades to achieve. This book reviews the options likely to shape the energy picture over the next half-century, and assesses some of the key issues -- economic, social, technological, environmental -- that decision-makers in government and corporations will need to address in the very near future.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9264173374
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Nuclear science
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Specialists Meeting on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities 〈4, 1998, Knoxville, Tenn.〉; Proceedings of the Fourth Specialists Meeting on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities
    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Radioaktive Strahlung ; Strahlenschutz
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  • 58
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.146
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Cameroon
    Kurzfassung: This study presents the main developments in the manufacturing industry in Cameroon, based on firm-level data covering the 1980-95 period. The emphasis is on structural factors of competitiveness. A production function and an export function are estimated in order to study the determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) and export performance. The results provide evidence indicating that openness to trade, development of skilled labour and adequate management of the real exchange rate are crucial factors for the enhancement of productivity and exports. Moreover, a mutually reinforcing relationship between productivity and export performance is demonstrated. The performance of the manufacturing sector in Cameroon has deteriorated considerably since the mid-1980s. This decline is to a degree explained by Dutch disease and inward-looking policies in the manufacturing sector, resulting in a highly overvalued real effective exchange rate (REER). Based on the estimated export and ...
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  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/16
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Québec : contrat de performance énergétique dans le milieu scolaire - Nouvelles règles du jeu
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Canada
    Kurzfassung: This article takes a brief look at the new rules covering energy performance contracts for Quebec school boards. It discusses the following questions: the school boards’ educational buildings; the school boards’ energy performance; regulations with regard to the awarding of contracts in the public and quasi-public sectors; the new rules for awarding energy performance contracts in education.
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.38
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the various constraints which OECD Member countries must now deal with, faced with the prospects of rapid growth in the number of frail elderly persons. It pays particular attention to recent trends in disability. Most of the available cross-country evidence shows trends towards better functional health in older populations, although the magnitude of the gains and their significance need further assessment. In this context, this paper advocates an “active ageing” approach to long-term care policies. It provides some rough estimates of the macroeconomic costs of long-term care. It also presents some indicators of public/private financing and institutionalisation rates. The public costs of providing long-term care are estimated to be relatively modest as a proportion of GDP (of the order of 1 or 2 per cent or less). However, much care for the frail elderly is provided through informal care-giving arrangements which are not reflected in official figures.
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  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173149
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Edition 1999
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  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173606
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Hungary
    Kurzfassung: Lifelong Learning for All, the report emerging from the meeting of OECD Education Ministers signals their own commitment to advancing further this orientation in national education systems. Subsequent meetings of Labour and Social Affairs Ministers endorsed the relevance of a lifelong learning approach to address important aspects of labour and social policy issues. This report is the first country study organised in the form of an education policy review. It analyses the obstacles and challenges encountered thus far in adapting a lifelong learning approach to policy making in education and training from pre-school to adult education and retraining. Particular attention is given to education and the economy, regional development, new forms of distance education and financing.
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173620
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: It was a financial crisis, or was it? Did a band of speculators and money-changers pull the rug out from under the Thai, Malaysian, Philippine, Indonesian and Korean economies, thereby trashing the Asian Miracle? Or were more profound, longer-term pressures building in these economies which finally boiled over in 1997? In this book, the OECD explodes the myth of conspiracy and evil design, showing that well-intentioned and previously successful economic policies put the Asian economies at risk. Generous support for heavy and high-tech industries created "turnkey" companies with an excessive reliance on imported technology and inputs. In many cases, the success of these industries came at the expense of small and medium-sized enterprises, and more generally of the ability to foresee and respond to the need for adjustment. There were also detrimental effects as traditionally strong parts of these economies lost their competitive edge due to limitations in technological linkages coupled with upward pressures on wage costs and appreciating exchange rates. The book shows that the Asian breakdown had far-reaching structural global implications extending beyond the financial sphere. In examining the policy implications, the OECD argues that far-reaching industrial reforms are needed to accompany the measures being taken to address the financial aspects of the crisis. Learning the lessons from these reforms will reduce the risk of similar crashes in the future.
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172876
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (252 p)
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: Why decentralise the public employment service? What are the reasons for the increasing reliance on local management approaches in designing and implementing employment policies? These trends are not merely institutional changes, rather they reflect a change in strategy. To enhance the effectiveness of employment policy, governments attempt to provide greater flexibility in implementation, adapt national policies to local conditions, and stimulate involvement from all stakeholders. The impact of these reforms is widespread. They effect the role of the state, the division of power between government layers, and, most of all, employment itself. This book provides the most comprehensive set of employment practices and experiences currently implemented in 26 countries available to date. A wide range of area-based approaches illustrates the need for flexible and specific answers to adapt to local conditions. To complete the picture, summary chapters outline new trends and common challenges governments face in designing and optimising employment policy decentralisation. It brings together papers from a Conference held in Venice in April 1998. [Decentralising Employment Policy: New Trends and Challenges] is essential reading for policy-makers, practitioners and all local actors involved in employment policies.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264173422
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (460 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment
    Kurzfassung: Young people's situation and future prospects are of vital concern to us all. Many of them face high unemployment or joblessness and serious difficulties in getting a firm foothold into the labour market. Many leave school without the requisite skills or competences needed in today’s economy and society. Many are also experiencing falling relative (and sometimes real) wages and considerable uncertainty as to whether or not they will be able to settle into good careers. But at the same time, our ageing societies need, more than ever before, to harness the potential of all of our young people. This publication points the way to future initiatives to improve youth labour market and educational outcomes as identified by policy-makers and experts of OECD countries brought together at the Washington Conference "Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: The Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades", held on 23-24 February 1999. To give the most comprehensive picture to date, it first puts today's challenges into a historical perspective by taking stock of two decades of policies for youth employment. But more substantially, this book provides insight into experiences and policy issues in the United States, as well as in Europe and Japan, with a stress on the special needs of disadvantaged youth. All of us interested in making sure we give youth a good start in education and in establishing rewarding labour market careers will find this compendium a milestone in youth employment debate.
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172937
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: The once booming dynamic economies in Asia were drawn into a whirlpool of business failures and economic devastation following the flotation of the Thai baht in July 1997, and the consequent collapse of asset prices and currency depreciations in several East Asian countries. High growth in these emerging market economies had masked important structural weaknesses that eventually triggered the economic slump now referred to as the Asia Crisis. To address the structural measures needed to restore sustained economic growth and stability in the crisis-affected countries, this book brings forth analyses and recommendations on the crisis from internationally respected economists and policy makers and the OECD. Overall, experts conclude that, to deal with the crisis and alleviate social distress, structural reforms of government, business and the financial sector must be undertaken rapidly. Such reforms must be established with a long-term view to protect these and other countries from future crises. Economic recovery in Asia is a high priority for the OECD. As an international organisation with experience across a broad range of structural issues, it is a unique forum for the exchange of views on national experiences with policy reforms and possible improvements in the functioning of financial markets. In November 1998, the OECD's Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members (CCNM) held the symposium that led to this publication. Experts from OECD Member and non-member economies attended the symposium. This publication assembles their contributions and provides insight into the possible role of the OECD in promoting economic recovery in the region.
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  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174122
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: Traditional welfare and employment policies have been unable to tackle the problems of high unemployment and exclusion in OECD countries and recently a wave of new approaches has emerged together with new political notions of welfare-to-work. This book describes these new approaches in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, France and the Netherlands. All these countries are relying increasingly on local agencies to design and manage policy to try and ensure that policy solutions meet local needs and to bring to bear local energies, skills and resources. What is the role that local agencies can play? How can they be integrated in effective partnerships? And what policy tools can best be applied? This book gives valuable answers to these questions and shows that governments and practitioners have much to learn from each other on the practicalities of implementing effective welfare-to-work policies. These Proceedings of the Sheffield Conference, held in November 1998 in collaboration with the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) in the United Kingdom, were prepared by the Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the OECD's Territorial Development Service.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264173750
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Vol. 1; Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2; Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: This book, the result of the OECD York Workshop in the United Kingdom attended by some of the leading experts in the field, examines two key aspects of developing environmental indicators for agriculture. One discusses the identification and design of suitable indicators, the methodology to be used in their measurement and issues relating to interpretation. The other looks at how governments and other users would use indicators for policy purposes.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264173811
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (400 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: How to develop an effective and sustainable agricultural and rural finance system in a climate of accumulated debts, insolvency of the majority of agricultural enterprises, low profitability of agricultural production, and an unstable macro-economic situation - How to create a banking system that services agriculture and is adapted to diverse farm structures - How to introduce alternative financial and credit institutions and mechanisms - How to establish contractual arrangements between primary agriculture and the up- and downstream sectors - What should be the role of governments in establishing such systems? These are some of the issues addressed in the proceedings of the OECD expert meeting: "Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies", held in Moscow in February 1999. The meeting brought together over 200 policy-makers, government officials, independent
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172913
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Road Transport and Intermodal Linkages Research Programme
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Stratégies de sécurité routière en rase campagne
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: More than 75 000 people are killed each year on rural roads in OECD countries; this represents about 60% of fatal road crashes. This loss of lives has an economic cost of around US$135 billion per year. The relative share of rural road fatalities in total road fatalities has risen from less than 55% in 1980 to more than 60% in 1996. While there has been a reduction in the total number of road fatalities in OECD countries during the past 20 years, it is clear that safety improvements on motorways and urban roads have been more successful than those on rural roads. Following an in-depth review of the characteristics of road crashes in rural areas, the book proposes a series of safety measures, focusing on infrastructure management, enforcement, innovative tools, such as intelligent transport systems, and trauma management. The book strives to raise the awareness of road users, decision makers and politicians of the importance of road safety in rural areas. It is a very useful handbook for local, regional or national authorities seeking to improve -- sometimes at very low cost -- safety on rural roads.
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174085
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Programme on Educational Building - PEB Papers
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La gestion stratégique des biens en capital des établissements d'enseignement supérieur
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Universities and other tertiary institutions maintain buildings, sites and communications infrastructure worth many millions of dollars. A more strategic approach to asset management is essential for success in a new environment, where tertiary education is becoming increasingly competitive, direct public funding is being cut back and technology and globalisation are bringing new challenges. What impact will new information technology have on space requirements? What steps can institutional managers take to manage risks in rapidly-changing circumstances? In what ways is the role of facilities managers changing, and what skills and tools will be required for them to do their job more effectively in the future? This book provides some answers to these questions and shows how the resources invested in facilities can be made to work more efficiently in the pursuit of institutional objectives. It is based on the proceedings of an international workshop that examined current trends in tertiary education policy: a more open market, student-centredness and user choice, lifelong learning and the blurring of sectoral differences.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264174368
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Usages bénéfiques et production des isotopes
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Radionuklid ; Anwendung
    Kurzfassung: Radioactive and stable isotopes are used throughout the world and in many sectors, including medicine, industry, agriculture and research. In many applications isotopes have no substitute, and in most others they are more effective and cheaper than alternative techniques or processes. This publication is the first international survey on the beneficial uses and production of isotopes. It provides an overview of their main uses, and detailed information on the facilities that produce them world-wide. Trends in isotope supply and demand are analysed, and the conclusions and recommendations presented point to key issues to be considered by governments.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264172036
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (392 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; France
    Kurzfassung: Proper heat removal from the fuel is essential for the safe operation of nuclear reactors used for electricity production. As nuclear fuel is burnt it undergoes important changes, including a degradation of its thermal conductivity. This important phenomenon needs to be reliably predicted in order to make better use of the fuel, a factor which can help to achieve the economic competitiveness required by today's markets. This report communicates the results of an international seminar which reviewed recent progress in the field of nuclear fuel thermal conductivity and sought to improve the models used in computer codes predicting thermal performance. State-of-the-art knowledge is presented for both uranium-oxide and mixed-oxide fuels loaded in water reactors.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9264173684
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Serie: The OECD jobs strategy
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Implementing the OECD jobs strategy
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. ;La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi : Évaluation des performances et des politiques
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264174036
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.1
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. ;Les pouvoirs fiscaux des administrations infranationales
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Taxing powers of state and local government
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les pouvoirs fiscaux des administrations infranationales
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Steueraufkommen ; Föderalismus ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9264173854
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Serie: OECD proceedings
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Back end of the fuel cycle in a 1000 GWe nuclear scenario
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Kernbrennstoffkreislauf
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9264173811
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Serie: OECD proceedings
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Agricultural finance and credit infrastructure in transition economie
    DDC: 330.09
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift ; Osteuropa ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Agrarkredit
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264174087
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Programme on Educational Building - PEB Papers
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Strategic asset management for tertiary institutions
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. ;La gestion stratégique des biens en capital des établissements d'enseignement supérieur
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La gestion stratégique des biens en capital des établissements d'enseignement supérieur
    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Hochschule ; Facility-Management
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180031
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.108
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Quels marchés pour les transports par voies navigables ?
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Despite the fact that the freight transport market in Europe almost doubled in volume over the period 1970 to 1995, growth in the inland waterway sector has remained stagnant. Until now the waterways have primarily been used to transport goods produced by sectors that have been hard hit by industrial restructuring. However, the past does not necessarily hold the key to the future. Waterways can be readily incorporated into logistics chains in which regular supply streams and low transport costs are more important than speed. The transportation of hazardous materials and container transport also offer promising markets. The Round Table identified a number of policy measures which could help to promote development in the inland waterways sector (discontinuation of scrapping policies, support for the grouping of enterprises and the creation of co-operatives, incentives for private-sector investment). Reading the proceedings of this Round Table offers an opportunity to look at the inland waterways in a wholly new light which shows that there is a genuine future for this mode provided that operators are prepared to become entrepreneurs.
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264172920
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Serie: OECD proceedings
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. The social sciences at a turning point?
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Politikberatung
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174290
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Development Co-operation Reviews no.27
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Espagne 1998
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Espagne 1998
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: The Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of Spain's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that The Spanish Government is making significant efforts to consolidate the political framework for development co-operation and improve the quality and transparency of its aid. A draft law on development co-operation was submitted to Parliament in the autumn of 1997 and new planning and evaluation systems for aid management are being introduced, including a multi-year indicative plan and country programmes. Despite severe budgetary constraints, an increase in the aid budget is also envisaged. These initiatives were well received by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) during the review of Spain's aid policies and programmes. The Committee also took note of the major improvement in the balance of the Spanish aid effort with a significant increase in the grant aid programme, accompanied by a decline in the tied Development Aid Fund (FAD) loan component, and expressed the hope that this trend would continue. The DAC encouraged the Spanish authorities to pursue their efforts to ensure greater consistency of the FAD loans with the overall development objectives and policy directions for Spanish aid. In relation to general good practice among donors, the Committee indicated its support for the measures to enhance the effectiveness of the Spanish aid programme and its capacity to implement and suggested that the Spanish authorities consider a number of further initiatives
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.39
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This paper contains an overview of net total (public and private) social expenditure indicators. These indicators have been developed to supplement available historical information on gross social expenditure trends by accounting for the varying impact of the tax system across countries. Tax systems can affect social spending in three ways: Governments levy direct taxes and social security contributions on cash transfers. Governments levy indirect taxes on goods and services bought by benefit recipients. And, Governments may award tax advantages similar to cash benefits and/or grant tax concessions aiming to stimulate purchase of insurance coverage by private agents. The paper summarises the methodological framework as previously developed, but extends coverage to thirteen countries for which information for 1993 and/or 1995 is now available: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom ...
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172609
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. UEM ; Faits, défis et politiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. UEM : Faits, défis et politiques
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The launch of the euro reinforces the foundations for unprecedented economic integration encompassing 11 countries, 16 per cent of world GDP and 290 million people. For the first time, the OECD has studied the euro-area as a fully-fledged economic entity and has analysed the intensive preparations that led to the single currency, as well as the economic issues raised by its introduction. Despite the macroeconomic convergence already achieved and the institutional framework that has been established, the fact is that many uncertainties remain. An approach to co-ordinating monetary and budgetary policies that is up to the issues at stake has still to be fully defined. And the euro area's ability to absorb economic shocks must be assessed and strengthened. In this respect it is vital for labour markets to become more flexible and adaptable if they are to compensate for the loss of national monetary autonomy which EMU implies and if adjustment is not to be at the expense of jobs. A special chapter discusses the obstacles to geographic labour mobility and the rigidity of wage setting mechanisms. These are some of the challenges that must be faced in the years to come, and this study discusses them in the light of the most penetrating and informative analysis today’s economists can provide. It does not prescribe set remedies, but drawing on analyses and figures never published before, attempts to identify the best policies for ensuring the success of the monetary union. This is a complex study that takes a hard look at the issues and will be of great interest to anyone wishing to understand the economic mechanisms at work.
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  • 84
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.150
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: In this study, we analyse extended periods of growth in Africa based on panel estimations from 27 African countries during the 1960-1996 period. Only a dozen of such rapid growth episodes are observable in Africa since 1960, and several of them eventually came to an end. We use all existing information on macroeconomic performance in Africa in a comparative manner, in order to assess the sustainability of current growth episodes. Our main conclusion is that sustainable growth needs to be based on a balanced mix of capital accumulation, macroeconomic adjustment and structural change. In addition to more commonly used determinants of Total Factor Productivity, we construct a measure for the effect of labour reallocation as well as an index of economic diversification and estimate the impact of the latter on long-term growth. We also build an analysis of investment behaviour, which is influenced by Total Factor Productivity gains, while influencing economic growth directly through ...
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.17
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Gouvernance participative : Le chaînon manquant dans la lutte contre la pauvreté
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: • Empowerment of the poor is one ingredient in effective poverty reduction. • A demand-driven participatory approach enhances effectiveness and efficiency. • Accountability is the central lever for participatory governance. • Capacity building is necessary for making participatory governance a reality.
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/07
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les équipements éducatifs en Corée
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: A programme is currently underway in Korea to modernise and equip school buildings in order to better meet today’s teaching needs.
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/10
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'utilisation des équipements scolaires en dehors des heures de classe
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Experience in a number of OECD countries today continues to demonstrate how after-hours use of schools can improve student success through more study time, add value to the formal curriculum through extra-curricular activities, provide adults with opportunities for personal development or learning and offer the wider population a well-situated structure that can be the centre of community life. This article describes current practice in Belgium, Canada, France, Ireland, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9264172653
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Serie: OECD proceedings
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Xenotransplantation
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Heterotransplantation
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  • 89
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.215
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Greece
    Kurzfassung: Without further reforms, pay-as-you-go pension systems throughout most of continental Europe face unsustainable financial imbalances as their population ages. Though this paper describes the Greek pension system, which will face especially severe financial strains, it sheds light on the pension problems of other continental European countries, as these countries’ systems share many common features. The main focus of the paper is on the factors of the Greek pay-as-you-go system which result in its future unsustainability. Exacerbating the deteriorating demographics, the system is characterised by very generous pensions relative to contributions for the pre-1993 generation of workers, as well as other incentives/provisions to retire early. To highlight these facets, the study provides simulations of the generosity of different categories of individual pensions under different scenarios as well as projections of aggregate pension expenditures and revenues. It concludes with options ...
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.46
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La publicité et le marketing en ligne visant les enfants
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: OECD Committee on Consumer Policy Forum Session on Online Advertising and Marketing Directed toward Children, intended to provide information on how OECD Member countries are dealing with issues related to children and the Internet.
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Slovénie
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Slovenia
    Kurzfassung: Political Background Until 25 June 1991, Slovenia was a constituent republic of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The first multiparty elections in Slovenia took place in the spring of 1990. On 23 December 1991, a new constitution was adopted. It created a modern democratic constitutional order and established the basis for a parliamentary system of government. The first parliamentary elections following independence took place in December 1992. The most recent presidential elections took place in November 1997. Milan Kucan was re-elected as president in the first round with more than 55 per cent of the vote. The next presidential elections are scheduled for November 2001. The most recent parliamentary elections took place in November 1996. Approximately thirty political parties fielded candidates in the elections. Following the elections, the Liberal Democrats entered into a coalition with the Slovenian People’s Party and the DeSUS Party. The leader of the Liberal Democrats, Janez Drnovšek, was re-elected as prime minister.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264173415
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Enseignement tertiaire et recherche en Fédération de Russie 1999
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Enseignement tertiaire et recherche en Fédération de Russie 1999
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: The speed, nature and uncertainty of economic, social and political developments in the Russian Federation continue to pose enormous challenges for tertiary education and research activities in universities, higher level vocational schools and institutes of the academies of sciences. These challenges are shaping the strategies for needed reforms to widen further learning opportunities at the tertiary education level, improve the quality and extend the reach of research and boost the contributions of tertiary-level education and research to improved economic performance and social well-being. This book is based on one of the most recent, broadly-based and forward-looking analyses of these developments and pressures and takes account of the specific structures, strengths and traditions in tertiary education and research in the Russian Federation. It offers a set of general directions and specific recommendations for policies to address key issues of access, quality and standards in teaching; new directions to diversify and deliver tertiary education; the quality of research in academic and research establishments; and reforms in the governance, management and financing of teaching and research. This review of tertiary education and research policies follows an earlier examination of general education, Reviews of National Policies for Education: Russian Federation.
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  • 93
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.216
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In this paper, a structural VAR model is estimated for 11 EU countries in order to assess the effect on the government deficit ratio of four independent economic disturbances: supply, fiscal, real private demand and monetary shocks. Based on the estimated distribution of these shocks, stochastic simulations are performed to derive estimates of cyclically-adjusted budget balances that would have to be maintained to avoid breaching the Stability and Growth Pact’s 3 per cent of GDP deficit limit over different time horizons and with varying degrees of confidence. In order to capture the movement in the deficit stemming from automatic stabilisation, fiscal policy shocks are turned off during the simulations. The results suggest that, for the majority of countries, if governments were to aim for a cyclically-adjusted budget deficit between 1.0 and 1.5 per cent of GDP, the actual deficit would, with a 90 per cent likelihood, remain within the 3 per cent limit over a three-year horizon ...
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  • 94
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 96 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.151
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: This Technical Paper reports on a body of research conducted for the OECD Development Centre by Donald J. Robbins. It examines the patterns and determinants of rapidly rising educational attainment in six Latin American countries — Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Uruguay — all of which illustrate the sweeping transformations in growth, demographics and education now occurring in much of the world. It finds that rising per capita output, through a mechanism which induces women to join the labour force and interacts with falling family size, acts as the key factor leading to mounting educational achievement. This in fact highlights the role of women in basic household microeconomic decisions with powerful economic and social effects — decisions about female labour-force participation and family shifts from notions of “quantity” (large families) to those of “quality” (fewer children, with more investment in health and education). It carries important implications ...
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.148
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: The 1990s have witnessed pronounced boom-bust cycles in emerging-markets lending, culminating in the Asian financial and currency crisis of 1997-98. By examining the links between sovereign credit ratings and dollar bond yield spreads over 1989-97, this paper aims at broad empirical content for judging whether the three leading rating agencies — Moody’s, Standard ' Poor’s and Fitch IBCA — can intensify or attenuate boom-bust cycles in emerging-market lending. First, an event study exploring the market response for 30 trading days before and after rating announcements finds a significant impact of imminent upgrades and implemented downgrades for a combination of ratings by the three leading agencies, despite strong anticipation of rating events. Second, a Granger causality test, by correcting for joint determinants of ratings and yield spreads, finds that changes in sovereign ratings are mutually interdependent with changes in bond yields. These findings are based on many more ...
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  • 96
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.44
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This second edition of the Global Action Plan for Electronic Commerce published by the Alliance for Global Business (AGB) reflects a number of developments in the global discussions about electronic commerce since the first Global Action Plan was submitted on behalf of business to the OECD Ministerial in Ottawa, Canada, in October 1998.
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173491
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (140 p)
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Schloss La Muette
    Kurzfassung: La Muette, home of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, has a long and rich history. This book tells its story from its inception as a royal hunting lodge to its present-day use as the headquarters of the OECD. The reader may find it amusing, and sometimes instructive, to meet some of the colourful characters who once roamed its galleries. The place itself has played a significant role in French history; the Château and its extensive park were once the theatre of many a strong sentiment and the locale is impregnated with memories, comic, tragic, venal, lofty, solemn and ludic. These traces of the past are the real substance of La Muette’s charm; they are also the voices that echo through this text and linger in the halls of the Château.
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180192
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Edition 1999
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172012
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Development Co-operation Reviews no.31
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Finlande 1999
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Finland ; OECD ; Finnland
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Finlands development aid programmes and policies. It finds that following a steep decline in its development co-operation programme in the early 1990s Finland is engaged in redesigning and building up its aid programme. The Cabinet Decision-in-principle of September 1996 is now the main point of reference for Finnish development co-operation. It includes a firm target of 0.4 per cent by the year 2000 for the ratio of Finland's official development assistance to the gross national product (the ODA/GNP ratio), the integration of development co-operation into a coherent foreign policy framework and the reorganisation of the aid administration within the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. At the DAC review of Finland's aid policies and programmes on 16 October 1998 the Committee commended both the partnership orientation of Finland's policies, as set out in the Decision-in-principle, and the growing volume of Finnish aid, a welcome reversal of the situation at the time of the last DAC Peer Review of Finland in 1995, when aid volume was in a deep decline. This Review addresses several other key issues: Finland's long-term partnerships with primary orientation countries; the flexibility concept, included in the Decision-in-principle; the need for clear sectoral and cross-cutting policy guidance; field management and delegation to the field; and the revised screening process for project and policy proposals that is part of the quality control system of Finnish aid.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264173385
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor Based Plutonium Disposition (1998 : Paris) Proceedings of the Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor-Based Plutonium Disposition
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; France ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Kernbrennstoff ; Plutonium
    Kurzfassung: Following recent disarmament agreements, the Russian Federation and the USA have declared part of their stockpiles of weapons-grade plutonium as a surplus to their national defense needs. This material needs to be disposed of, and one of the suggested means of doing so is burning it in existing reactors and transforming the material into spent fuel. The experience in these two countries with mixed oxide fuel (MOX) is either dated or scarce. Several European countries and Japan, however, have acquired much experience in using MOX fuel in reactors which was shared at this important workshop. This publication presents the workshop results which reviewed existing technical information from the civil nuclear power programmes that are beneficial to weapons-grade plutonium disposition. It also proposes concrete actions that could help expedite this process in the near future.
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