ISBN:
9781461433392
Language:
English
Pages:
Online-Ressource (XLIV, 516 p. 151 illus., 7 illus. in color, digital)
Series Statement:
Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory and Technique
Series Statement:
SpringerLink
Series Statement:
Bücher
Parallel Title:
Buchausg. u.d.T. Reitz, Elizabeth Jean, 1946 - Environmental archaeology
Keywords:
Social sciences
;
Environmental sciences
;
Archaeology
;
Social Sciences
;
Social sciences
;
Environmental sciences
;
Archaeology
;
Umweltarchäologie
Abstract:
One of the most significant developments in archaeology in recent years is the emergence of its environmental branch: the study of humans interactions with their natural surroundings over long periods, and of organic remains instead of the artifacts and household items generally associated with sites. With the current attention paid to human responsibility for environmental change, this innovative field is recognized by scientists, conservation and heritage managers, and policymakers worldwide. In this context comes Environmental Archaeology by Elizabeth Reitz and Myra Shackley, updating the seminal 1981 text Environmental Archaeology by Myra Shackley. Rigorously detailed yet concise and accessible, this volume surveys the complex and technical field of environmental archaeology for researchers interested in the causes, consequences, and potential future impact of environmental change and archaeology. Its coverage acknowledges the multiple disciplines involved in the field, expanding the possibilities for using environmental data from archaeological sites in enriching related disciplines and improving communication among them. Introductory chapters explain the processes involved in the formation of sites, introduce research designs and field methods, and walk the reader through biological classifications before focusing on the various levels of biotic and abiotic materials found at sites, including:Sediments and soils.Viruses, bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi.Bryophytes and vascular plants. Wood, charcoal, stems, leaves, and roots. Spores, pollen, and other microbotanical remains. Arthropods, molluscs, echinoderms, and vertebrates. Stable isotopes, elements, and biomolecules.The updated Environmental Archaeology is a major addition to the resource library of archaeologists, environmentalists, historians, researchers, policymakersanyone involved in studying, managing, or preserving historical sites. The updated Environmental Archaeology is a majoraddition to the resource library of archaeologists, environmentalists, historians, researchers, policymakersanyone involved in studying, managing, or preserving historical sites
Description / Table of Contents:
Environmental Archaeology; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Chapter 1: Introduction to Environmental Archaeology; What Is Environmental Archaeology?; History, Humanity, or Science?; Theory or Practice?; Artifact or Ecofact?; Foci of Environmental Archaeology; Theories in Environmental Archaeology; Ecological Concepts; Ecosystem; Population Ecology; Community Ecology; Landscapes; Major Ecosystem Types and Biomes; Ecological Analogy; The Disciplines of Environmental Archaeology; Units of Analysis; The Goals of Environmental Archaeology
Description / Table of Contents:
Environmental Change and StasisHuman-Environmental Interactions; Materials and Methods; Goals of This Volume; A Note on Chronology; Summary; References; Chapter 2: The Processes by Which Archaeological Sites Form; From Life Assemblage to Study Assemblage; Site Formation Processes; Cultural Site Formation Processes; Types of Sites; Cultural Transformations; Archaeological Transformations; Abiotic Transformations; Biotic Transformations; Sediments and Soils; What Might Survive?; Experimental Archaeology and Ethnoarchaeology; Off-Site Processes; Applications; Summary; References
Description / Table of Contents:
Chapter 3: Research Designs and Field MethodsThe Scienti fi c Method and Research Designs; Sampling; The Scienti fi c Method; Research Designs; Archaeological Excavations; What Is a Site?; How Are Sites Found?; What Next?; Excavation Basics; Recovery Techniques; How Many Samples Are Enough and How Large Do They Need to Be?; Off-Site Testing; Anticipating Radiocarbon Dating and Other Studies; Record-Keeping and Laboratory Procedures; The Ethics of Archaeology; Applications; Summary; References; Chapter 4: Biological Classifications and Nomenclatures; Vernacular or Common Names
Description / Table of Contents:
Scienti fi c Taxonomic Classi fi cationsThe Taxonomic Hierarchy; Infraspeci fi c Categories; Higher Categories; Cladistics; Classi fi cations; Reference Collections; Summary; References; Chapter 5: Sediments and Soils; Nomenclature; Sediments; Soils; Field Procedures; Laboratory Procedures; Particle Size; Other Properties; Applications; Summary; References; Chapter 6: Viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, and Fungi; Nomenclature; Viruses; Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea; The Protists; Fungi; Parasitism; General Field and Laboratory Considerations; Viruses; Bacteria; The Protists
Description / Table of Contents:
Dino fl agellatesDiatoms; Foraminifera; Fungi; Applications; Summary; References; Chapter 7: Bryophytes and Vascular Plants; Nomenclature; Bryophytes; Vascular Plants; Mechanisms of Seed Dispersal; Site Formation Processes and Field Considerations; Site Formation Processes; Field Considerations; Laboratory Procedures; Processing; Identi fi cation; Analytical Procedures; Plant Domestication; Applications; Summary; References; Chapter 8: Wood, Wood Charcoal, Stems, Fibers, Leaves, and Roots; Nomenclature; Site Formation Processes and Field Considerations for Wood and Wood Charcoal; Wood
Description / Table of Contents:
Wood Charcoal
Note:
Description based upon print version of record
DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4614-3339-2
URL:
Volltext
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