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  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (78)
  • London : Cass
  • Conflict of laws.
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9781402020988
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 299 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry 150
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Microbiology. ; Social sciences. ; Law ; Microbiology ; Comparative law ; Social sciences ; C-Waffen-Übereinkommen 1992 September 03 ; B-Waffen-Abkommen 1971 Dezember 16 ; Abrüstung ; Kontrolle
    Abstract: The Implementation of Legally Binding Measures to Strengthen the BTWC -- The Implementation of Legally Binding Measures to Strengthen the BTWC -- The Requirement for Legally Binding Measures -- The Requirement to Strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention -- A Short History of Biological Warfare and Weapons -- Critical Aspects of Biotechnology in Relation to Proliferation -- Implementation of Legally Binding Measures -- The Key Elements of a Legally Binding Instrument to Strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention -- The Chemical Weapons Convention Regime and its Evolution -- The Experience of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons -- The Experience of a CWC National Authority -- Provisions for Declarations and for Declaration Follow-up Procedures -- Implications for Government of Provisions for Declarations and for Declaration Follow-up Procedures in a Legally Binding Instrument -- Implications for Biological Defence of Legally Binding Declarations and Declaration Follow-up Procedures -- Implications for Industrial Facilities of Declarations and Declaration Follow-up Procedures -- Declaration Clarification Procedures — Randomly Selected Visits: UK Experience from Practice Visits -- Provisions for Field and Facility Investigations -- Investigation of Outbreaks of Disease -- Implications for Governments of Field and Facility Investigations -- Implications for Industry of Field and Facility Investigations -- Provisions for International Cooperation and Assistance -- Provisions for International Cooperation and Assistance -- Implications for Governments of International Cooperation and Assistance Provisions -- Implications for Research and Development of International Cooperation and Assistance Provisions -- Implications for Production Facilities of International Cooperation and Assistance Provisions -- Provisions for Incentives and Safeguards -- An Industry Organization Perspective on Incentives and Safeguards -- An Industry Perspective: Issues & Concerns -- Global Outreach and Education -- The Strengthening of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.
    Abstract: Incidents of bioterrorism and biowarfare are likely to recur, leading to increased public concern and government action. The deficiencies of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) are in urgent need of attention: the BTWC is the central international agreement to prevent the proliferation of biological warfare programmes. Uniquely, this book is written by diplomats involved in the decade-long effort (1991-2001) in which State Parties to the BTWC tried to agree a Protocol to the Convention with legally binding measures to strengthen its effectiveness, and academics concerned with the negotiations. Just before negotiations foundered, when the Chairman's proposed text was virtually complete, the problems and proposed solutions were examined thoroughly, leading to this book. The book is wide-ranging in its review of the history of biological warfare, the reasons why the current biological revolution is of such concern, and the main features of the BTWC itself. The core of the book examines the key elements of the proposed protocol - declarations, visits, challenge-type investigations, and enhanced international cooperation - and the implications for government, industry and biodefence, giving us all a better understanding of what still remains to be done to avert a biowarfare catastrophe.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 2
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401761925
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 379 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nova et vetera iuris gentium 23
    Series Statement: Series A, Modern international law
    Keywords: Law ; Public international law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Political science. ; Comparative law. ; International law. ; Internationales Recht
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  • 3
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402025327
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXXI, 275 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Space Regulations Library 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Observations, Astronomical. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Law of the sea. ; International law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Criminology. ; Astronomy ; Criminology ; Physics ; Aeronautics Law and legislation ; Comparative law ; Weltraumrecht ; Luftfahrtrecht
    Abstract: Introduction -- I: The International Legal Framework. A. International Responsibility and Reliability. B. Authorization and Supervision. C. Registration. D. Conclusions -- II: The National Legal Framework. A. United States of America. B. Russian Federation. C. Australia. D. United Kingdom. E. Ukraine. F. Sweden. G. South Africa. H. Japan. I. France. J. Canada. K. Harmonization and New Rules. L. Conclusions -- III: Argentine Space Law and Policy. A. National Application of International Law. B. Nature of Argentine National Space Law. C. Responsibility and Liability. D. Implementation of the Authorization and Supervision Principle. E. Implementation of the Registration Obligations. F. Conclusions -- IV: Conclusions and Proposal. A. Conclusions Regarding the International Legal Framework. B. Conclusions Regarding the National Legal Framework. C. Conclusions Regarding Argentine Space Law and Policy. D. Recommendations and Proposal -- About the Author -- Bibliography -- List of Acronyms.
    Abstract: A. GENERAL BACKGROUND “The foremost goal of the international community in the area [of private space launch services] should be to induce states to implement effective licensing procedures applicable to commercial ventures for which state responsibility may 1 exist. ” 1. PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN THE SPACE INDUSTRY In the first decades of the space age, military and state security motivations indicated the direction of national space programs. Now the development of space activities depends essentially upon the possibility of recovering 2 investments. Private sector-driven commercial endeavors in outer space have been increasing exponentially and have experienced a significant quantitative growth over the last years. Spacefarers promote commercial participation of private companies in operations related to outer space, and, thus, the private sector is now increasingly providing satellite telecommunications, remote sensing, global positioning and space launch services directly to its customers. In this context, overall revenues for the worldwide space industry 3 amounted to US$ 82 billion in 2001. In the late 1990’s the transponder demand, in particular Ku- band transponders, was consistently on the rise due 4 to the escalated utilization of geostationary satellite transponders. Global positioning systems have been playing an increasingly important role in navigation, and remote sensing systems are mapping and documenting nearly 1 E. A. Frankle & E. J. Steptoe, “Legal Considerations Affecting Commercial Space Launches From International Territory”, (1999) 50 IISL at 10. Emphasis added. 2 H. L.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 259-272)
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401760195
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 319 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Public international law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Political science. ; Comparative law. ; International law.
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  • 5
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402022081
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 394 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Political science. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Environmental law. ; Environmental policy. ; Social sciences. ; Social sciences ; Environmental law
    Abstract: 1 The Consequences of International Regimes -- I: Simple Effectiveness -- 2 Methodological Challenges in the Study of Regime Effectiveness -- 3 Case Studies of the Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes -- 4 Causal Mechanisms and the Study of International Environmental Regimes -- 5 Boolean Analysis, Mechanisms, and the Study of Regime Effectiveness -- 6 A Quantitative Approach to Evaluating International Environmental Regimes -- 7 Formal Theory and Regime Effectiveness: Rational Players, Irrational Regimes -- 8 Does Regime Robustness Require a Fair Distribution of The Gains from Cooperation? -- II: Broader Consequences -- 9 Methodological Issues in the Study of Broader Consequences -- 10 Exploring Regime Interaction -- 11 International Regimes And Democracy -- 12 Into the Methodological Void -- 13 Regimes and Social Transformation -- III: Conclusion -- 14 Research Strategies for the Future.
    Abstract: This volume has a long and distinguished pedigree. It is the product of an effort to devise clear and unambiguous methods for demonstrating that international regimes make a difference stretching back at least to the early 1990s. What has transpired in the meantime is the development of a suite of useful techniques of analysis rather than the creation of a single, correct methodology for use in this field of study. Our assumption is that we can be relatively confident regarding assessments of the consequences of individual regimes when those employing a variety of methods converge on the same conclusions. When different methods yield divergent conclusions, on the other hand, we can take this as a signal that more work is needed to arrive at convincing judgments regarding the consequences of the regimes in question. Along the way, we came to understand that there is an important distinction between what we describe in this book as simple effectiveness and broader consequences. Most analyses of the effectiveness of international regimes focus on individual cases and seek to assess the performance of regimes on a case-by-case basis. This is entirely understandable. Yet it is now clear that individual regimes not only interact with one another but also operate in and affect broader settings. The study of these broader consequences is less mature than research on the effectiveness of individual regimes.
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Contributing Authors; Preface; Chapter 1 The Consequences of International Regimes ; Part I: Simple Effectiveness ; Chapter 2 Methodological Challenges in the Study of Regime Effectiveness ; Chapter 3 Case Studies of the Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes ; Chapter 4 Causal Mechanisms and the Study of International Environental Regimes ; Chapter 5 Boolean Analysis, Mechanisms, and the Study of Regime Effectiveness ; Chapter 6 A Quantitative Approah to Evaluating International Environmental Regimes
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 7 Formal Theory and Regime Effectiveness: Rational Players, Irrational Regimes Chapter 8 Does Regime Robustness Require a Fair Distribution of the Gains from Cooperation?; Part II: Broader Consequences ; Chapter 9 Methodological Issues in the Study of BroaderConsequences; Chapter 10 Exploring Regime Interaction ; Chapter 11 International Regimes and Democracy; Chapter 12 Into the Methodological Void ; Chapter 13 Regimes and Social Transformation ; Part III: Conclusion; Chapter 14 Research Strategies for the Future ; Index
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400710153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 231 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2003.
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Klinnert, Lars, 1972 - Modern Biotechnology in Postmodern Times? A Reflection on European Policies and Human Agency 2005
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Ontology. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Technology—Philosophy. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Technology Philosophy
    Abstract: 1: Biotechnology in Modern Times -- 2: Council of Europe Policies on Biotechnology -- 3: Biotechnology and Human Agency -- 4: Biotechnology Beyond Modernity -- European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine ETS 164 (Full text) with list of declarations -- Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine on the Prohibition of Cloning Human Beings ETS 168 (Full text) with list of declarations -- Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine on Transplantation of Organs and Tissues of Human Origin. ETS186. (Full text) -- References.
    Abstract: Modern Biotechnology in Postmodern Times? A Reflection on European Policies and Human Agency is for bioethicists, ethicists (theologians/philosophers), professionals in biotechnology, EU and national policy makers, and professors/teachers of courses in applied ethics (master level or equivalent). This volume presents an interdisciplinary reflection on the nature and scope of current biotechnology in Europe. The author contemplates upon the actual structures and potential functions of biotechnology in our societies in order to allow for a balanced discussion and common reflection on the topic. This volume is unique in that it offers a concise presentation of the current biotechnological arena in Europe with its ethical implications. It provides a survey of topical Council of Europe documents and treaties.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: Biotechnology in Modern Times2: Council of Europe Policies on Biotechnology -- 3: Biotechnology and Human Agency -- 4: Biotechnology Beyond Modernity -- European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine ETS 164 (Full text) with list of declarations -- Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine on the Prohibition of Cloning Human Beings ETS 168 (Full text) with list of declarations -- Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine on Transplantation of Organs and Tissues of Human Origin. ETS186. (Full text) -- References.
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  • 7
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401749787
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 317 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Law in Japanese Perspective 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Conflict of laws. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Private international law. ; International law. ; Law—History. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: The Theory of Action Systems -- The Basic Concepts of Systems Theory -- Action Systems as Complex Systems -- Toward an Understanding of the Self-Organizing Nature of the World -- The Relationship of the Present Theory to Parsons’ Theory -- One Part of a Whole: Japan in the Context of International Relations -- Has the World Changed Japan? -- How Can Japan Help to Change the World?.
    Abstract: The ability to shape one's own destiny-to make decisions on the basis of one's own ideals and goals-is a uniquely human characteristic. It is shared by the groups that human beings fonn-peoples, nations, and other communities--each bound by a common destiny. The very existence of different individuals and groups that have this characteristic virtually guarantees that there will be conflicts among them. And yet it is also human to want to find common ground with others. When individuals or groups emphasize their differences, the result is conflict; when they find common ground, cooperation becomes possible. However, even when it appears that cooperative efforts have resolved the sources of conflict, not all conflict will disappear. Conflict is a natural part of all human interaction. Both conflict and cooperation exist simultaneously. All social phenomena can ultimately be reduced to the question of how these two human characteristics are reconciled and allowed to coexist on the same plane.
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  • 8
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306480447
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IV, 220 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2002.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Criminology. ; Commercial law. ; Political science. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Finance. ; Comparative law. ; International law. ; Criminology ; Banks and banking ; Comparative law ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Finanzierung ; Terrorismus
    Abstract: Editorial: The Financing of Terrorism — Criminal and Regulatory Reform -- Editorial: The Financing of Terrorism — Criminal and Regulatory Reform -- Articles -- Globalization, Terrorist Finance, and Global Conflict: Time for a White List? -- How Can Sound Customer Due Diligence Rules Help Prevent the Misuse of Financial Institutions in the Financing of Terrorism? -- Financing of Terrorism — A Predicate Offence to Money Laundering? -- Obstacles in Company Law to Anti-Money Laundering International Co-Operation in European Union Member States -- Terrorist Finance, Money Laundering and the Rise and Rise of Mutual Evaluation: A New Paradigm for Crime Control? -- Financing of Terrorism: Following the Money -- Documentation -- FATF Cracks Down on Terrorist Financing -- FATF Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing -- Financial Action Task Force Guidance for Financial Institutions in Detecting Terrorism -- International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism -- Council Common Position of 27 December 2001 on the Application of Specific Measures to Combat Terrorism -- Council Common Position of 27 December 2001 on combating terrorism -- Customer Due Diligence for Banks -- Wolfsberg Group Pledges Anti-Terrorism Support -- The Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism — Wolfsberg Statement.
    Abstract: In declaring the war against terrorism President George W. Bush also declared war on the financing of terrorism. The call to arms has been complemented by a concerted effort world-wide to track down and freeze the assets of suspected terrorists and financial institutions have risen to these challenges over the last year contributing their expertise gathered mostly through techniques to combat money laundering. In this book bankers, regulators and academics pose a variety of questions from their individual perspectives: To what extent are new laws really new? What can financial institutions realistically contribute to the suppression of terrorist financing? Can individual rights be protected in these circumstances? These questions are analysed by experts who come up with some thought provoking answers.
    Note: "Partly reprinted from European journal of law reform, vol. 4, no. 2, 2002
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  • 9
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401594073
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 445 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science. ; Law. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Philosophy. ; Sociology. ; Comparative law. ; Law—History. ; International law.
    Abstract: The essays in this book treat important aspects of most of the major themes in contemporary philosophy of law and legal theory. Many of the essays are relatively original. All reveal the distinctive authenticity of the author's work, for he is not only a reputable legal theorist but an internationally known scholar of private law, and for many years chair of the Bielefelder Kreis, an international group of legal theorists who have jointly authored major works comparing methodologies of statutory interpretation and precedent
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface. IntroductionPart One: General Theory of Law. 1. The Concept of Law. 2. Influence on American Legal Theory. 3. Law as a Type of `Machine' Technology. 4. On Identifying and Reconstructing A General Legal Theory. 5. My Philosophy of Law -- Part Two: Form in Law. 6. The Formal Character of Law. 7. A Formal Theory of the Rule of Law. 8. The Formal Character of Law - Statutory Rules -- Part Three: Legal Reasoning. 9. Interpreting Statutes and Precedents - Two Comparative Studies. 10. The Argument from Ordinary Meaning in Statutory Interpretation. 11. Interpreting Statues - Should Courts Consider Materials of Legislative History? 12. Formal Legal Truth and Substantive Truth in Judicial Fact-Finding -- Part Four: Contract Theory. 13. The Conceptualization of Good Faith in American Contract Law. 14. Substantive Justification in Contract Cases - the Primacy of Rightness Reasons -- Part Five: Critique of Economic Analysis of Law. 15. Economics and the Autonomy of Law, Legal Analysis and Legal Theory. 16. Economists' Reasons for Common Law Decisions -- Name Index -- Subject Index.
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  • 10
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401588003
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 256 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Tapestry of the Law brings together a study of a particular legal system - that of Scotland - with a number of (mainly contemporary) theories of or about law. Rather than endorsing any one legal theory, it ends with some tentative conclusions about legal theory itself. It is written for all those interested in the law, whether in the academic context, as practitioners of law or politics, or from the lay point of view, but primarily with students in mind. At this level, chapters II to VI provide an information base for those embarking on courses in comparative law or politics, whilst the whole, and especially the later chapters, will offer most to those who already have some grounding in the issues with which jurisprudence is concerned
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789401760713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 43 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401767965
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 189 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
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  • 13
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400941410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 362 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Law ; Public health laws ; Surgery ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Private international law.
    Abstract: 1 Historical background and introduction -- 2 The administration of the Act -- 3 Medicinal products and other articles -- 4 The licensing system -- 5 Licences and certificates relating to products -- 6 Licences for activities -- 7 Controls over the sale and distribution of medicines -- 8 Wholesale sales -- 9 Retail sale of medicines for human use -- 10 Dispensing medicines -- 11 Sales, supplies and administration by exempted users -- 12 Herbal remedies -- 13 Homoeopathy and similar systems of medicine -- 14 Medicinal products for administration to animals -- 15 Medicated animal feeding stuffs -- 16 The packaging and labelling of medicines -- 17 The quality of medicinal products reaching the consumer -- 18 Promotion of sales of medicinal products -- 19 Advertisements and representations directed to practitioners -- 20 Advertisements directed to the public -- 21 Pharmacies -- Appendix 1: Definitions of words and phrases used in the Act and subordinate legislation -- Appendix 2: Recommended warning and advisory labels for dispensed medicines -- Appendix 3: Code of ethics of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain -- Appendix 3B: Guide to good dispensing practice -- Appendix 3C: Guide to the self-assessment of professional practice activites -- Appendix 4: NHS limited list.
    Abstract: The Medicines Act 1968 together with its delegated legislation comprehensively controls the manufacture, packaging, labelling, distribution and promotion of medicines for both human and animal use in the United Kingdom. It also controls the import and export of such medicines. It replaced a patchwork of controls which evolved over a century. Since its enactment, more than 150 items of delegated legislation (orders and regulations) have been made under its provisions and about 130 are still operative. The sheer physical bulk of this mass of material causes difficulty, not only in comprehension but also in finding the detail so often required. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that some pieces of legislation have been amended several times. My principal aim is to provide a reference book which contains all of the provisions of the Act and its various orders, regulations as amended to date. The material is arranged to facilitate the search for detail. In order to assist the reader in finding his way through this maze, Chaper 1 consists of a survey of the situation which existed before the Act came into being, together with a synopsis of the present controls. This should enable the reader to appreciate the changes which have occurred and how the system works.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Historical background and introduction2 The administration of the Act -- 3 Medicinal products and other articles -- 4 The licensing system -- 5 Licences and certificates relating to products -- 6 Licences for activities -- 7 Controls over the sale and distribution of medicines -- 8 Wholesale sales -- 9 Retail sale of medicines for human use -- 10 Dispensing medicines -- 11 Sales, supplies and administration by exempted users -- 12 Herbal remedies -- 13 Homoeopathy and similar systems of medicine -- 14 Medicinal products for administration to animals -- 15 Medicated animal feeding stuffs -- 16 The packaging and labelling of medicines -- 17 The quality of medicinal products reaching the consumer -- 18 Promotion of sales of medicinal products -- 19 Advertisements and representations directed to practitioners -- 20 Advertisements directed to the public -- 21 Pharmacies -- Appendix 1: Definitions of words and phrases used in the Act and subordinate legislation -- Appendix 2: Recommended warning and advisory labels for dispensed medicines -- Appendix 3: Code of ethics of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain -- Appendix 3B: Guide to good dispensing practice -- Appendix 3C: Guide to the self-assessment of professional practice activites -- Appendix 4: NHS limited list.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401769747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 244 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; School management and organization. ; School administration.
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  • 15
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401511810
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 243 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Developments in International Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I: The Evolution of the Doctrine of State Immunity -- 1 — Historical Background -- 2 — Emergence of a Specific Rule of State Immunity -- 3 — The Transition to Restricted Immunity in Major Absolute Immunity Jurisdictions -- 4 — Proposed Criteria for the Distinction between Public Acts and Private Acts of the Foreign State -- II: The Doctrine of State Immunity: A Critical View -- 1 — Some Theoretical Considerations -- 2 — Inferences Regarding State Immunity -- 3 — Common Ground between “Absolutists” and “Restrictionists” -- 4 — Immunity from Execution -- III: The Seven Recent Instruments: Common Features and Distinctive Provisions -- 1 — Immunity From Suit -- 2 — Immunity From Execution -- 3 — The Current State of the Law -- 4 — The Work of Learned Bodies -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Appendices -- Subject and Name Index -- Cases Cited.
    Abstract: Ours is a world in which the volume of the external trade of the vast majority of nations has greatly expanded and continues to be on the rise. Transnational intercourse of all kinds is now a feature of an interdependent world economy in which no nation can afford to stand aloof from a market-place which has assumed global dimensions. It is also a world where many nations, and not only of the Socialist bloc, conduct some of their transnational business themselves, or else they entrust it to state-owned cor­ porations and to agencies of the state. In these circumstances it becomes of prime importance to know whether a foreign state or an agency or instrumentality thereof can be sued before the local courts and, if so, whether the final judgement obtained can be enforced against the funds or property of the judgement debtor. The question of the immunity of states from suit and from execution is thus one of direct practical relevance not only to the legal profession but also to governments and the business and banking communities all over the world. The economic effects of a particular legal stand on state immunity are obvious. The position of national courts on state immunity can either attract more business or discourage further dealings with foreign states or their agencies. It can thus affect the balance of payments and, in general, the role the country plays in the world market.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: The Evolution of the Doctrine of State Immunity1 - Historical Background -- 2 - Emergence of a Specific Rule of State Immunity -- 3 - The Transition to Restricted Immunity in Major Absolute Immunity Jurisdictions -- 4 - Proposed Criteria for the Distinction between Public Acts and Private Acts of the Foreign State -- II: The Doctrine of State Immunity: A Critical View -- 1 - Some Theoretical Considerations -- 2 - Inferences Regarding State Immunity -- 3 - Common Ground between “Absolutists” and “Restrictionists” -- 4 - Immunity from Execution -- III: The Seven Recent Instruments: Common Features and Distinctive Provisions -- 1 - Immunity From Suit -- 2 - Immunity From Execution -- 3 - The Current State of the Law -- 4 - The Work of Learned Bodies -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Appendices -- Subject and Name Index -- Cases Cited.
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  • 16
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401770484
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 1207 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789401744430
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 446 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Conflict of laws. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Private international law.
    Abstract: Last year I addressed the Netherlands Comparative Law Asso­ ciation with the following question: 'Does Comparative Law Exist At All?' (My intention then was to flog the dead (?) horse of the merger of comparative law and the sociology of law. ) In presenting this voluminous collection of Netherlands national reports to the eleventh congress of the Internatio­ nal Academy of Comparative Law I feel my misgivings giving way to the suspicion, that comparative law indeed exists. Of course national reports do not, as such, prove the exist­ ence of comparative law. It is the general reports together with the national reports, which embody the comparative effort. That is why the Netherlands Comparative Law Associa­ tion took the initiative to propose the publishing of the materials on a subject to subject basis instead of publish­ ing collections of national reports. From a comparative legal point of view, it is the topic that should form the basis of the publication, and not the origin of the materials. The general reporter for each topic should be prepared to take up the responsabilities of editing the volume, and would have to be given the right to select those national reports which he considers to be useful both in regard to their quality and the relevance of the material to the basic problems in the questionnaire. This proposal met with very favourable comments from the na­ tional committees and general reporters of some fifteen coun­ tries.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192637
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (587p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Commercial law.
    Abstract: I A Survey of the History of Drug-Use and Early Moves Towards International Control -- 1: Social and Cultural Aspects of Drug-Use and Historical Origins of the Use of Opium -- 2: International Action for the Control of Trade and Traffic in Drugs between 1909 and 1919 -- II International Action for the Control of Trade and Traffic in Drugs between 1920 and 1944 -- 3: The Organizational and Functional Framework as Devised by the League of Nations for the Purpose of Controlling the Manufacture of, and Trade and Traffic in, Drugs -- 4: An Examination of the Agreements and Conventions on Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs Concluded between 1920 and 1944 -- III The Structure and Methods of International Drug Control through the United Nations -- 5: The Organizational Framework of the United Nations in Relation to the Control of Drugs -- 6: An Examination of the Drug Protocols Concluded During the UN Period (Prior to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961) -- 7: An Examination of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 -- 8: Limitation on Cultivation -- 9: Limitation on the Production of Opium -- 10: Manufacture and Importation of Drugs: Limitation Thereof -- 11: Control of Illicit Trade and Traffic in Narcotic Drugs -- 12: An Examination of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971 -- IV Contributions of Some of the Inter-Governmental and International Non-Governmental Organizations Concerned with the Eradication of Illicit Trade and Traffic in Narcotic Drugs -- 13: The Organization and Functions of Interpol and the Ingos in the Control of the Drug-Trade -- Conclusions -- League of Nations Documents -- United Nations Documents -- World Health Organization Technical Report Series -- Miscellaneous Documents -- Table of Cases -- Appendices.
    Abstract: The need for suppressing the illicit traffic in drugs can hardly be over-emphasized. Yet, the licit uses of drugs, especially for medical and scientific needs, cannot be suppressed. Apparently, it is a ques­ tion of determining the vvorld requirements of drugs for such legiti­ mate uses, and of producing and manufacturing them accordingly. Owing to their multifarious medical uses in various parts of the world, it proves to be almost impossible to determine exactly the amount of drugs required for legitimate purposes. There is also the complicating factor that drugs are used for sociological and religious reasons, which have a long history. Not only arc the licit uses and legitimate amounts of drugs difficult to determine but also such difficulties give rise to illicit traffic in them. Yet, it is believed that a concerted international policy, coupled with national co-operation, on various facets of the related problems-namely, limitation of production and/or manufacture of drugs, restriction on cultivation of plants that may contribute to addiction-producing substances, training and rehabilitation of drug addicts, and efficient national administration-would help eradicate drug-abuse. In search of an appropriate remedy, this book has been devoted to a practical study of the problem and to exploring, in this area of international law, the relationship between the political and econ­ omic interests and the international economic order.
    Description / Table of Contents: I A Survey of the History of Drug-Use and Early Moves Towards International Control1: Social and Cultural Aspects of Drug-Use and Historical Origins of the Use of Opium -- 2: International Action for the Control of Trade and Traffic in Drugs between 1909 and 1919 -- II International Action for the Control of Trade and Traffic in Drugs between 1920 and 1944 -- 3: The Organizational and Functional Framework as Devised by the League of Nations for the Purpose of Controlling the Manufacture of, and Trade and Traffic in, Drugs -- 4: An Examination of the Agreements and Conventions on Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs Concluded between 1920 and 1944 -- III The Structure and Methods of International Drug Control through the United Nations -- 5: The Organizational Framework of the United Nations in Relation to the Control of Drugs -- 6: An Examination of the Drug Protocols Concluded During the UN Period (Prior to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961) -- 7: An Examination of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 -- 8: Limitation on Cultivation -- 9: Limitation on the Production of Opium -- 10: Manufacture and Importation of Drugs: Limitation Thereof -- 11: Control of Illicit Trade and Traffic in Narcotic Drugs -- 12: An Examination of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971 -- IV Contributions of Some of the Inter-Governmental and International Non-Governmental Organizations Concerned with the Eradication of Illicit Trade and Traffic in Narcotic Drugs -- 13: The Organization and Functions of Interpol and the Ingos in the Control of the Drug-Trade -- Conclusions -- League of Nations Documents -- United Nations Documents -- World Health Organization Technical Report Series -- Miscellaneous Documents -- Table of Cases -- Appendices.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789400982611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (586p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Environmental law ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Private international law.
    Abstract: 1. International maritime organizations -- Baltic and International Maritime Conference -- Danube Commission -- Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization -- International Association of Independent Tanker Owners -- International Association of Lighthouse Authorities -- International Association of Ports and Harbours -- International Chamber of Shipping -- International Federation of Shipmasters’ Associations -- International Maritime Committee -- International Maritime Pilots Association -- International Maritime Satellite Organization -- International Shipowners’ Association -- International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation, Ltd -- International Union of Marine Insurance -- Latin America Shipowners’ Association -- Oil Companies International Marine Forum -- Permanent International Association on Navigation Congresses -- 2. International fisheries organizations -- General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean -- Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council -- International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission -- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas -- International Commission for the Southeast Atlantic Fisheries -- International Whaling Commission -- Joint Commission on the Fisheries in the Black Sea -- Joint Commission of the Socialist Countries on Cooperation in the Field of Fisheries -- Joint Danube Fishery Commission -- North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission -- North Pacific Fur Seal Commission -- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization -- 3. International organizations concerned with marine sciences -- Engineering Committee on Oceanic Resources -- European Oceanic Association -- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission -- International Association for Biological Oceanography -- International Association of the Physical Sciences of the Ocean -- International Cartographic Association -- International Commission for Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean -- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea -- International Hydrographic Organization -- International Ocean Institute -- International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics -- International Union of Geological Sciences -- North Sea Hydrographic Commission -- Pacific Science Association -- Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research -- Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research -- World Data Centers (Oceanography) -- World Meteorological Organization -- World Underwater Federation -- List of abbreviations.
    Abstract: In the last few years, the quantity of books and papers on the political, economic and legal problems of the exploration and use of the sea and marine resources has considerably increased. But the status and activities of intern a­ tional organizations related to maritime shipping, fisheries, scientific research in the World Ocean and the protection of the marine environment have not yet, as a whole, been represented in the scientific and reference literature. It would be fair, though, to mention that some general information on marine international organizations may be found in the Yearbook of International Organizations, Brussels, 1979; in Annotated Acronyms and Abbreviations of Marine Science Related International Organizations, U. S. Department of Commerce, 1976; and in the UN Annotated Directory ofIntergovernmental Organizations Concerned with Ocean Affairs, 1976. Voluminous informa­ tion on organizations engaged in problems of the exploration and use ofthe sea is given in International Marine Organizations by the well-known Polish scientists Lopuski and Symonides, 1978. Meanwhile the increasing volume of practical work related to the participa­ tion of governmental and scientific bodies as well as individual scientists and specialists in these organizations, the necessity of long-term planning in this field, and the perspectives of the development of these organizations, make necessary a special publication depicting the structure and many-sided activi­ ties of such international bodies. This book is the first one in which the most complete information on the main marine international organizations is presented.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. International maritime organizationsBaltic and International Maritime Conference -- Danube Commission -- Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization -- International Association of Independent Tanker Owners -- International Association of Lighthouse Authorities -- International Association of Ports and Harbours -- International Chamber of Shipping -- International Federation of Shipmasters’ Associations -- International Maritime Committee -- International Maritime Pilots Association -- International Maritime Satellite Organization -- International Shipowners’ Association -- International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation, Ltd -- International Union of Marine Insurance -- Latin America Shipowners’ Association -- Oil Companies International Marine Forum -- Permanent International Association on Navigation Congresses -- 2. International fisheries organizations -- General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean -- Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council -- International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission -- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas -- International Commission for the Southeast Atlantic Fisheries -- International Whaling Commission -- Joint Commission on the Fisheries in the Black Sea -- Joint Commission of the Socialist Countries on Cooperation in the Field of Fisheries -- Joint Danube Fishery Commission -- North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission -- North Pacific Fur Seal Commission -- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization -- 3. International organizations concerned with marine sciences -- Engineering Committee on Oceanic Resources -- European Oceanic Association -- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission -- International Association for Biological Oceanography -- International Association of the Physical Sciences of the Ocean -- International Cartographic Association -- International Commission for Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean -- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea -- International Hydrographic Organization -- International Ocean Institute -- International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics -- International Union of Geological Sciences -- North Sea Hydrographic Commission -- Pacific Science Association -- Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research -- Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research -- World Data Centers (Oceanography) -- World Meteorological Organization -- World Underwater Federation -- List of abbreviations.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401193900
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Civil law.
    Abstract: I. The nature and function of Private International Law -- Section 1. Introduction -- Section 2. Rome and beyond -- Section 3. The period after the division of the Roman Empire—personality of laws -- Section 4. Feudalism and the revival of Roman Law -- Section 5. Feudalism -- Section 6. Italy—the Legists -- Section 7. The doctrine of the Statutists -- Section 8. The French school in the 16th Century—Dumoulin and D’Argentré -- Section 9. The Dutch school—Comity -- Section 10. The subsequent development of the doctrine of Huber—England -- Section 11. The United States -- Section 12. Modern Private International Law—Wächter, Savigny -- Section 13. Modern doctrines of territoriality or pseudo-territoriality—acquired rights -- Section 14. Sociological neo-statutists -- Section 15. Wächter redivivus—Ehrenzweig -- Section 16. Conflict of laws and the American Constitution -- Section 17. Governmental interests as conflict resolving factors—Currie—Neo-statutists -- Section 18. “Result selecting” principles—Cavers -- Section 19. The international use of the new doctrines -- Section 20. Conclusions -- Notes to part I -- II. The relationship between Public and Private International Law -- Section 21. The influence of Public International Law upon domestic Private International Law -- Section 22. Private International Law as part of Public International Law—choice of law before international tribunals -- Section 23. Recognition and the application of foreign law -- Section 24. Scrutiny of, and refusal to apply, the law and to respect the executive acts of a foreign recognized government -- Section 25. Conclusions -- Notes to part II -- III. The structure and interpretation of rules of Private International Law -- Section 26. Structure -- Section 27. Interpretation. -- Section 28. Spatially conditioned internal rules -- Section 29. Transposition, substitution and adaptation -- Section 30. Renvoi -- Section 31. Preliminary question -- Section 32. Conflict of laws in time -- Notes to part III -- IV. Conclusions -- Table of cases.
    Abstract: The present volume reproduces with slight changes the course of lectures given at The Hague in 1972 under the title of "The General Principles of Private International Law". The substance of these lec­ tures has remained unaltered, but a number of insertions serve to cor­ rected some formal mistakes and misprints, added references to literature, some older, some more recent, without attempting to be exhaustive, and modified and supplemented the former exposition in two respects, where subsequent criticisms called for a review. The first concerns the place of public policy in Public International Law, the second deals with spatially-.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The nature and function of Private International LawSection 1. Introduction -- Section 2. Rome and beyond -- Section 3. The period after the division of the Roman Empire-personality of laws -- Section 4. Feudalism and the revival of Roman Law -- Section 5. Feudalism -- Section 6. Italy-the Legists -- Section 7. The doctrine of the Statutists -- Section 8. The French school in the 16th Century-Dumoulin and D’Argentré -- Section 9. The Dutch school-Comity -- Section 10. The subsequent development of the doctrine of Huber-England -- Section 11. The United States -- Section 12. Modern Private International Law-Wächter, Savigny -- Section 13. Modern doctrines of territoriality or pseudo-territoriality-acquired rights -- Section 14. Sociological neo-statutists -- Section 15. Wächter redivivus-Ehrenzweig -- Section 16. Conflict of laws and the American Constitution -- Section 17. Governmental interests as conflict resolving factors-Currie-Neo-statutists -- Section 18. “Result selecting” principles-Cavers -- Section 19. The international use of the new doctrines -- Section 20. Conclusions -- Notes to part I -- II. The relationship between Public and Private International Law -- Section 21. The influence of Public International Law upon domestic Private International Law -- Section 22. Private International Law as part of Public International Law-choice of law before international tribunals -- Section 23. Recognition and the application of foreign law -- Section 24. Scrutiny of, and refusal to apply, the law and to respect the executive acts of a foreign recognized government -- Section 25. Conclusions -- Notes to part II -- III. The structure and interpretation of rules of Private International Law -- Section 26. Structure -- Section 27. Interpretation. -- Section 28. Spatially conditioned internal rules -- Section 29. Transposition, substitution and adaptation -- Section 30. Renvoi -- Section 31. Preliminary question -- Section 32. Conflict of laws in time -- Notes to part III -- IV. Conclusions -- Table of cases.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401190190
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (822p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: One: The Court of Justice and the Community Legal Order -- 1. The Nature and Jurisdiction of the Court of Justice -- Two: Direct Judicial Control -- A. Review of Legality of Community Acts -- 2. Action for Annulment -- 3. Action for Default -- 4. Plea of an Exception of Illegality -- 5. Action for Damages -- B. Action for Infringement of Community Law -- 6. Infringement Procedure against a Defaulting Member State -- 7. Infringement Procedure against Defaulting Private Parties -- C. Constitutional Control -- 8. Preventive Judicial Control -- Three: Indirect Judicial Control: Community Law Before National Courts -- 9. General Problems of the EEC Treaty Article -- 10. Uniform Interpretation of Community Law -- 11. Review of Validity of Community Acts -- 12. EEC Treaty Article 177 in the Practice of National Courts -- 13. Provisions Directly Effective: Additional Judicial Protection of Individuals -- 14. Supremacy of Community Law -- 15. Supremacy of Community Law in the Practice of the National Courts of the Member States -- 1. Documents and Publications of the European Communities -- 2. General Works -- 3. Articles -- 4. Table of Cases Cited and Annotated -- A. Jurisprudence of the Court of Justice -- B. Case Law of National Courts -- 5. Legal Documentation.
    Abstract: The development of the judicial control of the European Communities is perhaps best illustrated by comparing the first decision the Court of Justice rendered in December 1954, under the ECSC Treaty, with its preliminary rulings van Gend & Loos (1962), ENEL (1964) and Simmenthal II (1978) rendered under the EEC Treaty. In the first case the Court quashed a decision of the High Authority impugned by an annulment action of a Member State for an illegal exercise of Community powers - a judicial control which at the time already represented a spectacular legal in­ novation introduced by the ECSC Treaty. At that time the Court was, for evident reasons, still reserved as to its role within the unprecedented institutional structure of the Community. In van Gend, ENEL and Simmenthal II, on the other hand, the Court resolutely pursued a judicial policy intended to ensure an effective operation of the Community legal order, a problem hardly envisaged in 1954. In these rulings the Court characterized the emerging legal order and stated its fundamental and indispensable requirements: the unlimited supremacy of Community law and its direct effect. The development of a superior and autonomous Community legal order was finally completed by the Court's recognition of fundamental Communiry rights of individuals. This development from an initially reserved stand of the Court searching for its proper role and its potentialities to a bold and determined judicial policy is truly remarkable.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: The Court of Justice and the Community Legal Order1. The Nature and Jurisdiction of the Court of Justice -- Two: Direct Judicial Control -- A. Review of Legality of Community Acts -- 2. Action for Annulment -- 3. Action for Default -- 4. Plea of an Exception of Illegality -- 5. Action for Damages -- B. Action for Infringement of Community Law -- 6. Infringement Procedure against a Defaulting Member State -- 7. Infringement Procedure against Defaulting Private Parties -- C. Constitutional Control -- 8. Preventive Judicial Control -- Three: Indirect Judicial Control: Community Law Before National Courts -- 9. General Problems of the EEC Treaty Article -- 10. Uniform Interpretation of Community Law -- 11. Review of Validity of Community Acts -- 12. EEC Treaty Article 177 in the Practice of National Courts -- 13. Provisions Directly Effective: Additional Judicial Protection of Individuals -- 14. Supremacy of Community Law -- 15. Supremacy of Community Law in the Practice of the National Courts of the Member States -- 1. Documents and Publications of the European Communities -- 2. General Works -- 3. Articles -- 4. Table of Cases Cited and Annotated -- A. Jurisprudence of the Court of Justice -- B. Case Law of National Courts -- 5. Legal Documentation.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401506496
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 445 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Security systems.
    Abstract: Table of Contents (Part Two) -- 1. Strategic Systems and War Games -- 1.1. U.S. Strategic Systems -- 1.2. The Game -- 1.3. Game Strategies -- 1.4. Systems Evaluation -- References -- 2. ABM Defense -- 2.1. Safeguard System -- 2.2. Radar Operations -- 2.3. Computer Operations -- 2.4. Interceptor Operations -- References -- 3. ABM System Design and Performance -- 3.1. System Requirements -- 3.2. The Radar Design Problem -- 3.3. Error Analysis -- 3.4. Smoothing of Position and Velocity Data -- 3.5. Noise Reduction -- 3.6. Error Model -- 3.7. Design Procedure -- References -- 4. ABM System Survivability Analysis -- 4.1. Survivability with respect to ECM -- 4.2. Survivability with respect to Nuclear Bomb Effects -- 4.3. Survivability with respect to Chemical, Biological Radiological Warfare, and Sabotage (CBR&S) -- 4.4. Summary -- References -- 5. Radar Counter-Counter-Measures -- 5.1. Effects of Jamming -- 5.2. ECCM Design -- 5.3. ECCM Techniques -- References -- 6. Bomber Defense -- 6.1. U.S. Bomber Defenses -- 6.2. Russian Bomber Defense -- 6.3. Multipurpose Weapons -- References -- 7. Surveillance and Reconnaisance -- 7.1. Advanced Surveillance -- 7.2. Treaty Verification -- References -- 8. Command Control and Communications -- 8.1. Warning -- 8.2. Command and Control -- 8.3. Communications -- References -- Appendices. Electromagnetic Propagation Effects -- A1. Attenuation of RF Waves by Absorption -- A2. Attenuation of RF Waves by Precipitation -- A3. Refraction of RF Waves by the Ionosphere.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to provide graduate students, professional engineers, military officers, and weapons-systems planners with a comprehensive grounding in the technology, evolution, functions, costs, impacts on society, utility, and limi­ tations of modern strategic weapons systems. Since the subject is often left to the specialists, this work should introduce the general reader to the fundamentals of such systems in an informed manner. Nowadays the intense interaction of means and ends sym­ bolized by strategic weapons has stimulated a changing dis­ cipline in which new missile systems and the intricate logic of nuclear force and counterforce hold the stage alongside the truths of conflict, alliances, fears, games, and subtle gains and losses. Many readers with new personal interest or public responsibility in this complex field will require an overall guide to it. This book will not prepare the reader to become an expert in the vast subject of strategic weapons systems. It will, however, enable him to understand, evaluate, and form reasonable opinions about these systems, their capabilities and effective­ ness. The subject is dealt with more from the viewpoint of the user (investor) rather than the architect (systems engineer) and builder (design engineer). While the user will be concerned with both political as well as technical options which may be available to solve a problem, the systems and design engineers are concerned with analyzing and building technological weapons devices once their requirements are generally known.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401511926
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Annuaire Europeen / European Yearbook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Table des Matieres -- Articles -- A Year of Achievement -- Pouvoirs Limites Mais Influence Reelle D’un Organe Consultatif: L’assemblee Parlementaire du Conseil de L’europe -- “And Now We are One”: The First Year of the European Parliament -- La Fondation Europeenne de la Science -- Section Documentaire -- Tableau des Membres des Organisations Europeennes, 1979 -- Chapitre I — Commission Centrale Pour La Navigation Du Rhin -- Chapitre II — Union Economique Benelux -- Chapitre III — Union de L’europe Occidentale -- Chapitre IV — Organisation de Cooperation et de Developpement Economiques -- Chapitre V — Conseil de L’europe -- Chapitre VI — Commission Internationale de L’etat Civil -- Chapitre VII — Les Communautes Europeennes -- Chapitre VIII — Conseil Nordique et Conseil Ministeriel Nordique -- Chapitre IX — Conference Europeenne des Ministres des Transports -- Chapitre X — Organisation Europeenne Pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN) -- Chapitre XI — Commission Europeenne de L’aviation Civile -- Chapitre XII — Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes et des Telecommunications -- Chapitre XIII — Association Europeenne de Libre-Echange -- Chapitre XIV — Agence Spatiale Europeenne -- Chapitre XV — Organisation Europeenne Pour la Securite de la Navigation Aerienne (Eurocontrol) -- Articles -- A Year of Achievement -- Pouvoirs Limites Mais Influence Reelle D’un Organe Consultatif: L’assemblee Parlementaire du Conseil de L’europe -- “And Now We are One”: The First Year of the European Parliament -- La Fondation Europeenne de la Science -- Documentary Section -- Table of Members of European Organisations, 1979 -- I — Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine -- II — Benelux Economic Union (in French only) -- III — Western European Union -- IV — Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development -- V — Council of Europe -- VI — International Commission on Civil Status -- VII — European Communities -- VIII — Nordic Council and Nordic Council of Ministers -- IX — European Conference of ministers of Transport -- X — European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) -- XI — European Civil Aviation Conference -- XII — European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations -- XIII — European Free Trade Association -- XIV — European Space Agency -- XV — European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (Eurocontrol) -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres sur la Cooperation Europeenne / I. Books on European Co-Operation -- II. Bibliographie Selective des Articles de Periodiques et des Brochures 1979 / II. Selected Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material 1979 -- A. Cooperation Europeenne en General / A. European Co-Operation in General -- B. Cooperation Economique / B. Economic Co-Operation -- C. Conseil de L’europe / C. Council of Europe -- D. Communautes Europeennes / D. European Communities -- E. Questions de Defense / E. Defence Questions -- Table des Noms / Listofnames -- Index Alphabetique / Alphabetical Index -- General Index.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table des MatieresArticles -- A Year of Achievement -- Pouvoirs Limites Mais Influence Reelle D’un Organe Consultatif: L’assemblee Parlementaire du Conseil de L’europe -- “And Now We are One”: The First Year of the European Parliament -- La Fondation Europeenne de la Science -- Section Documentaire -- Tableau des Membres des Organisations Europeennes, 1979 -- Chapitre I - Commission Centrale Pour La Navigation Du Rhin -- Chapitre II - Union Economique Benelux -- Chapitre III - Union de L’europe Occidentale -- Chapitre IV - Organisation de Cooperation et de Developpement Economiques -- Chapitre V - Conseil de L’europe -- Chapitre VI - Commission Internationale de L’etat Civil -- Chapitre VII - Les Communautes Europeennes -- Chapitre VIII - Conseil Nordique et Conseil Ministeriel Nordique -- Chapitre IX - Conference Europeenne des Ministres des Transports -- Chapitre X - Organisation Europeenne Pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN) -- Chapitre XI - Commission Europeenne de L’aviation Civile -- Chapitre XII - Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes et des Telecommunications -- Chapitre XIII - Association Europeenne de Libre-Echange -- Chapitre XIV - Agence Spatiale Europeenne -- Chapitre XV - Organisation Europeenne Pour la Securite de la Navigation Aerienne (Eurocontrol) -- Articles -- A Year of Achievement -- Pouvoirs Limites Mais Influence Reelle D’un Organe Consultatif: L’assemblee Parlementaire du Conseil de L’europe -- “And Now We are One”: The First Year of the European Parliament -- La Fondation Europeenne de la Science -- Documentary Section -- Table of Members of European Organisations, 1979 -- I - Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine -- II - Benelux Economic Union (in French only) -- III - Western European Union -- IV - Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development -- V - Council of Europe -- VI - International Commission on Civil Status -- VII - European Communities -- VIII - Nordic Council and Nordic Council of Ministers -- IX - European Conference of ministers of Transport -- X - European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) -- XI - European Civil Aviation Conference -- XII - European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations -- XIII - European Free Trade Association -- XIV - European Space Agency -- XV - European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (Eurocontrol) -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres sur la Cooperation Europeenne / I. Books on European Co-Operation -- II. Bibliographie Selective des Articles de Periodiques et des Brochures 1979 / II. Selected Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material 1979 -- A. Cooperation Europeenne en General / A. European Co-Operation in General -- B. Cooperation Economique / B. Economic Co-Operation -- C. Conseil de L’europe / C. Council of Europe -- D. Communautes Europeennes / D. European Communities -- E. Questions de Defense / E. Defence Questions -- Table des Noms / Listofnames -- Index Alphabetique / Alphabetical Index -- General Index.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401743877
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (II, 317 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401743747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 98 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: 1t gives me great pleasure as Chairman of the Section on Business Law to write a foreword to this, the second volume in a series of books on Maritime Law. Volume I dealt with 'Arrest of Vessels' and the remain­ ing subjects tobe covered are 'Mortgages of Vessels' and 'Registration of Vessels'. The first volume has proved most successful and many lawyers have testified to its practical value. I am certain that this second volume will have an equally warm welcome. The series is the inspiration of Lennart Hagberg, the Chairman of the Section on Business Law's Committee on Maritime and Transport Law. Both he, and the contributors to the series who are all members of that Committee, are busy practising lawyers, and it is only by making sacrifices that they have been able to add this additional task to their already heavy commitments. In particular, Lennart Hagberg's task as editor has involved an enormous amount of work and I am most grateful to him and bis fellow-contributors for all that they have done. May I wish this Book and those following it every success.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401511971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Annuaire Europeen / European Yearbook 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Table des Matieres / Table of Contents -- Articles: Liste Recapitulative des Articles Publies dans les Volumes I a XX / Articles: Cumulative List of Articles Published in Volumes I to XX -- European Political Cooperation -- Les Perspectives Energetiques a Moyen et a Long Termes -- New Features of the Inflationary Process -- LA Charte Sociale Europeenne: Dix Annees D’Application -- The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation: Eurocontrol -- Section Documentaire Tableau De Membres des Organisations Europeennes / Documentary Section Members of European Organisations, 1974 -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale pour la Navigation du Rhin / Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine -- Chapitre II. Union Economique Benelux / Benelux Economic Union -- Chapitre III. Union de L’Europe Occidentale / Western European Union -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Cooperation et de Developpement Economiques / Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development -- Chapitre V. Le Conseil de L’Europe / The Council of Europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’Etat-Civil / International Commission on Civil Status -- Chapitre VII. Les Communautes Europeennes / European Communities -- Chapitre VIII. Conseil Nordique et Conseil Ministeriel Nordique / Nordic Council and Nordic Council of Ministers -- Chapitre IX. Conference Europeenne des Ministres des Transports / European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- Chapitre X. Organisation Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire / European Organisation for Nuclear Research -- Chapitre XI. Commission Europeenne de L’Aviation Civile / European Civil Aviation Conference -- Chapitre XII. Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes et Telecommunications / European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations -- Chapitre XIII. Association Europeenne de Libre Echange / European Free Trade Association -- Chapitre XIV. Les Organisations Spatiales Europeennes / European Space Organisations -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Europeenne pour la Securite de la Navigation Aerienne / European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres sur la Cooperation Europeenne / Books on European Cooperation -- II. Bibliographie Selective des Articles de Periodiques et des Brochures / Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material -- A. Cooperation Europeenne en General / European Cooperation in General -- B. Cooperation Economique / Economic Cooperation -- C. Conseil de L’Europe / Council of Europe -- D. Communautes Europeennes / European Communities -- E. Questions de Defense / Defence Questions -- Table des Noms / List of Names -- Index alphabétique / Alphabetical index.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table des Matieres / Table of ContentsArticles: Liste Recapitulative des Articles Publies dans les Volumes I a XX / Articles: Cumulative List of Articles Published in Volumes I to XX -- European Political Cooperation -- Les Perspectives Energetiques a Moyen et a Long Termes -- New Features of the Inflationary Process -- LA Charte Sociale Europeenne: Dix Annees D’Application -- The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation: Eurocontrol -- Section Documentaire Tableau De Membres des Organisations Europeennes / Documentary Section Members of European Organisations, 1974 -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale pour la Navigation du Rhin / Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine -- Chapitre II. Union Economique Benelux / Benelux Economic Union -- Chapitre III. Union de L’Europe Occidentale / Western European Union -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Cooperation et de Developpement Economiques / Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development -- Chapitre V. Le Conseil de L’Europe / The Council of Europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’Etat-Civil / International Commission on Civil Status -- Chapitre VII. Les Communautes Europeennes / European Communities -- Chapitre VIII. Conseil Nordique et Conseil Ministeriel Nordique / Nordic Council and Nordic Council of Ministers -- Chapitre IX. Conference Europeenne des Ministres des Transports / European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- Chapitre X. Organisation Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire / European Organisation for Nuclear Research -- Chapitre XI. Commission Europeenne de L’Aviation Civile / European Civil Aviation Conference -- Chapitre XII. Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes et Telecommunications / European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations -- Chapitre XIII. Association Europeenne de Libre Echange / European Free Trade Association -- Chapitre XIV. Les Organisations Spatiales Europeennes / European Space Organisations -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Europeenne pour la Securite de la Navigation Aerienne / European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres sur la Cooperation Europeenne / Books on European Cooperation -- II. Bibliographie Selective des Articles de Periodiques et des Brochures / Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material -- A. Cooperation Europeenne en General / European Cooperation in General -- B. Cooperation Economique / Economic Cooperation -- C. Conseil de L’Europe / Council of Europe -- D. Communautes Europeennes / European Communities -- E. Questions de Defense / Defence Questions -- Table des Noms / List of Names -- Index alphabétique / Alphabetical index.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401744331
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 92 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Australia -- Belgium -- Canada -- Denmark -- Finland -- France -- Germany -- Greece -- Ireland -- Israel -- Malta -- Netherlands -- Norway -- Singapore -- South Africa -- Sweden -- United Kingdom -- United States of America.
    Abstract: It is with great pleasure that as Chairman of the Section on Business Law of the International Bar Association I write this foreword to a series of handbooks on maritime law which have been prepared by the Committee on Maritime and Transport Law of our Section. The first of these handbooks deals with 'Arrest of Vessels', the second with 'Enforced Sales of Vessels', the third with 'Registration of Vessels' and the fourth with 'Mortgages on Vessels'. I feel sure that they will all be valuable aids to international lawyers practising in the field of maritime law. These handbooks owe their conception to Mr. Lennart Hagberg of Gothenburg, Sweden, the Chairman of the Maritime and Transport Law Committee. Both he and the contributors to the series have put an enormous amount of work into the handbooks and devoted long hours to their preparation, hours which I feel sure they have borrowed with difficulty from their heavy commitments as busy practising lawyers. I am happy to think that our Section, which was formed only six years ago, is as its first ventures in the publishing field producing at the same time both these handbooks on maritime law and another on 'Contracts of Employment', which has been prepared by our Com­ mittee on Labour Law, under the chairmanship of Mr. Willard Z. Carr. Jr. of Los Angeles, California. May they be the forerunners of many more.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401020503
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: A. Group Behavior in United Sations and Politics -- I. Afference, Efference and Legitimacy in Africa -- 2. Effect of the African Group of States on the Behavior of the United Nations -- 3. The Role of the Organization of African Unity in Contemporary African Politics -- B. International Law and Peaceful Settlement -- 4. Peaceful Co-Existence and Friendly Relations among States: The African Contribution to the Progressive Development of Principles of International Law -- 5. The Role of the O.A.U. in the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes -- C. Human Rights, Enforcement, and Security Questions -- 6. South Africa’s Apartheid Policy: an Assessment -- 7. Economic Sanctions in the Rhodesian Context -- 8. The U.N. and the O.A.U.: Roles in the Maintenance of International Peace and Security in Africa -- D. Integration and Unity Questions -- 9. Education and National Integration in Africa -- 10. The League of Arab States and North Africa -- 11. The East African Community as a Sub-Regional Grouping -- E. Relational Impacts and the Future -- 12. Legitimization of National Liberation: The United Nations and Southern Africa -- 13. Africa and the World Community -- 14. Reflections on the Future of International Organization in Africa.
    Abstract: As an emerging Continent, with a rich past, dynamic present and promising future, Africa has an important role to play in the develop­ ment of international organization. Well before Africa Year, 1960, when several African States attained their independence and their rightful place in the community of nations, the various movements for unity and co-operation strove towards the creation of regional international organization. Now more than ever before, nearly two scores of African States, members of the United Nations, the Organization of African Unity and several other sub-regional organizations and arrangements, look upon international organization as an important means for safeguard­ ing their independence, enhancing African identity, forging collabor­ ative bonds amongst themselves and with the outside world, and rais­ ing the standard of living for their populations. It should also be noted that the age of science and technology which is, and should be, based on international co-operation, stimulates fur­ ther Africa's desire to strengthen and work through international inter­ governmental organizations. As Africa faces the I970's, confronting the core problems of colonial­ ism and apartheid in its southern parts, she looks upon the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity as the main vehicles for thought and action. For these considerations, the present book resulting from the St.
    Description / Table of Contents: A. Group Behavior in United Sations and PoliticsI. Afference, Efference and Legitimacy in Africa -- 2. Effect of the African Group of States on the Behavior of the United Nations -- 3. The Role of the Organization of African Unity in Contemporary African Politics -- B. International Law and Peaceful Settlement -- 4. Peaceful Co-Existence and Friendly Relations among States: The African Contribution to the Progressive Development of Principles of International Law -- 5. The Role of the O.A.U. in the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes -- C. Human Rights, Enforcement, and Security Questions -- 6. South Africa’s Apartheid Policy: an Assessment -- 7. Economic Sanctions in the Rhodesian Context -- 8. The U.N. and the O.A.U.: Roles in the Maintenance of International Peace and Security in Africa -- D. Integration and Unity Questions -- 9. Education and National Integration in Africa -- 10. The League of Arab States and North Africa -- 11. The East African Community as a Sub-Regional Grouping -- E. Relational Impacts and the Future -- 12. Legitimization of National Liberation: The United Nations and Southern Africa -- 13. Africa and the World Community -- 14. Reflections on the Future of International Organization in Africa.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 199 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I Water Resources -- Non-Maritime International Water Resources: Development and Conservation in the Americas -- The Outer Limit of the Continental Shelf -- The U.N. Declaration of Principles Governing the Deep Sea-Bed, -- Commentary -- Commentary -- II Super Power Intervention: Military and Economic -- Regional Interventionism by the Superpowers: A Study of Words and Acts as Inchoate Law Making -- The Nationalization by Peru of the Holdings of the International Petroleum Company -- Commentary -- Commentary -- III Human Rights -- Human Rights and the Organization of American States -- Commentary.
    Abstract: The essays and commentaries in this collection were presented at a Con­ ference on Problems of International Law in the Western Hemisphere, the Second Conference on Problems of Regional International Law under the joint sponsorship of the American Society of International Law and the Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social Research, April 2 & 3, 1971. Contributors have been given the opportunity to revise their papers since their original presentation. The editors acknowledge with gratitude the important contributions made by the Chairmen of the respective panels, namely, Professor Louis Henkin of Columbia Law School (Water Resources Panel), Professor Richard B. Lillich of the University of Virginia Law School (panel on Intervention) and Dr. Egon Schwelb of the United Nations (Human Rights Panel). The assistance of the Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social Research in the organization of the conference and that of the New York University Center for International Studies in the editing of these papers have been indispensable. We wish to make particular mention of the unstinting secretarial support of Ms. Donna Welensky and Ms. Judith Chazen. Certain problems would have been insuperable without the critical (in all senses) aid provided by Lyn Rodley. . The descriptions of contributors are those that obtained at the time of the conference. Since then, Professors Rovine and Rodley have moved to new pastures, the former to the Department of State's Office of the Legal Adviser, the latter to Amnesty International, while Dr.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Water ResourcesNon-Maritime International Water Resources: Development and Conservation in the Americas -- The Outer Limit of the Continental Shelf -- The U.N. Declaration of Principles Governing the Deep Sea-Bed, -- Commentary -- Commentary -- II Super Power Intervention: Military and Economic -- Regional Interventionism by the Superpowers: A Study of Words and Acts as Inchoate Law Making -- The Nationalization by Peru of the Holdings of the International Petroleum Company -- Commentary -- Commentary -- III Human Rights -- Human Rights and the Organization of American States -- Commentary.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401512091
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 934 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Table des Matières -- Articles -- Western Europe and the United States of America -- La Politique Méditerranéenne de la Communauté Européenne -- In Search of a Lasting System of European Security — Chances and Hazards of Some Models of European Security System -- Consumer Protection in the Council of Europe -- La Dimension Nouvelle du Consommateur Européen -- Work of the OECD in the Field of Consumer Policy -- Les Tribunaux Administratifs Dans les Organisations Européennes -- Section Documentaire -- Membres des Organisations Européennes 1973 -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale Pour la Navigation du Rhin -- Chapitre II. Union Économique Benelux -- Chapitre III. Union de L’europe Occidentale -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques -- Chapitre V. Conseil de L’europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’état Civil -- Chapitre VII. Conseil de Coopération Douanière -- Chapitre VIII. Communautés Européennes -- Chapitre IX. Conseil Nordique -- Chapitre X. Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports -- Chapitre XI. Organisation Européenne Pour la Recherche Nucléaire -- Chapitre XII. Commission Européenne de L’aviation Civile -- Chapitre XIII. Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications -- Chapitre XIV. Association Européenne de Libre-Échange -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Européenne de Recherches Spatiales -- Chapitre XVI. Organisation Européenne Pour la Mise au Point et la Construction de Lanceurs D’engins Spatiaux -- Articles -- Western Europe and the United States of America -- La Politique Méditerranéenne de la Communauté Européenne -- In Search of a Lasting System of European Security — Chances and Hazards of Some Models of European Security System -- Consumer Protection in the Council of Europe -- La Dimension Nouvelle du Consommateur Européen -- Work of the OECD in the Field of Consumer Policy -- Les Tribunaux Administratifs Dans Les Organisations Européennes -- Documentary Section -- Members of European Organisations 1973 -- I. Central Commission for the Navigation on the Rhine -- II. Benelux Economic Union (in French) -- III. Western European Union -- IV. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development -- V. Council of Europe -- VI. International Commission on Civil Status -- VII. Customs Co-Operation Council -- VIII. European Communities -- IX. Nordic Council -- X. European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- XI. European Organization for Nuclear Research -- XII. European Civil Aviation Conference -- XIII. Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications (in French only) -- XIV. European Free Trade Association -- XV. European Space Research Organisation -- XVI. European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organisation -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres Sur La Coopération Européenne / I. Books on European Co-Operation -- II. Bibliographie Sélective des Articles de Périodiques et des Brochures 1972 / II. Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material 1972 -- Table des Noms / List of Names -- Index alphabétique / Alphabetical Index.
    Abstract: The Treaty of Rome makes no mention of the Mediterranean basin as such, inc1udes not a single provision for the defining of specific relations with that region as a whole. There are only, as a hang-over from the French and Italian colonialist past, certain Dec1arations, in the Appendices, regard­ ing a possible association of Tunis, Morocco, Libya with the new under­ taking. And, of course, there is Artic1e 113 prescribing, at the end of the Community's transition period, the common trade policy - plus the Artic1e (238) giving blanket authorisation for association agreements. These legal prescriptions were duly implemented in the Association Agreements with Greece (1961) and Turkey (1963) and have supplied the basis for bilateral instruments in respect of other Mediterranean lands - ad hoc, pragmatic ar­ rangements. In the circumstances the Community could scarcely have proceeded otherwise. Yet the outlines of a European economic policy with regard to the countries of the Mediterranean basin were there from the beginning -limited, however, over the years by the internal development of the Community itself. One is reminded in this connection of sundry invoca­ tions by European and Mediterranean personalities and members of the European Commission - and, specifically, of a Memorandum presented by Italy to the Council of Ministers in 1964.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table des MatièresArticles -- Western Europe and the United States of America -- La Politique Méditerranéenne de la Communauté Européenne -- In Search of a Lasting System of European Security - Chances and Hazards of Some Models of European Security System -- Consumer Protection in the Council of Europe -- La Dimension Nouvelle du Consommateur Européen -- Work of the OECD in the Field of Consumer Policy -- Les Tribunaux Administratifs Dans les Organisations Européennes -- Section Documentaire -- Membres des Organisations Européennes 1973 -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale Pour la Navigation du Rhin -- Chapitre II. Union Économique Benelux -- Chapitre III. Union de L’europe Occidentale -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques -- Chapitre V. Conseil de L’europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’état Civil -- Chapitre VII. Conseil de Coopération Douanière -- Chapitre VIII. Communautés Européennes -- Chapitre IX. Conseil Nordique -- Chapitre X. Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports -- Chapitre XI. Organisation Européenne Pour la Recherche Nucléaire -- Chapitre XII. Commission Européenne de L’aviation Civile -- Chapitre XIII. Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications -- Chapitre XIV. Association Européenne de Libre-Échange -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Européenne de Recherches Spatiales -- Chapitre XVI. Organisation Européenne Pour la Mise au Point et la Construction de Lanceurs D’engins Spatiaux -- Articles -- Western Europe and the United States of America -- La Politique Méditerranéenne de la Communauté Européenne -- In Search of a Lasting System of European Security - Chances and Hazards of Some Models of European Security System -- Consumer Protection in the Council of Europe -- La Dimension Nouvelle du Consommateur Européen -- Work of the OECD in the Field of Consumer Policy -- Les Tribunaux Administratifs Dans Les Organisations Européennes -- Documentary Section -- Members of European Organisations 1973 -- I. Central Commission for the Navigation on the Rhine -- II. Benelux Economic Union (in French) -- III. Western European Union -- IV. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development -- V. Council of Europe -- VI. International Commission on Civil Status -- VII. Customs Co-Operation Council -- VIII. European Communities -- IX. Nordic Council -- X. European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- XI. European Organization for Nuclear Research -- XII. European Civil Aviation Conference -- XIII. Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications (in French only) -- XIV. European Free Trade Association -- XV. European Space Research Organisation -- XVI. European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organisation -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres Sur La Coopération Européenne / I. Books on European Co-Operation -- II. Bibliographie Sélective des Articles de Périodiques et des Brochures 1972 / II. Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material 1972 -- Table des Noms / List of Names -- Index alphabétique / Alphabetical Index.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401512183
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Table des Matières / Table of Contents -- Articles / Articles -- The Enlargement of the European Communities and the Protection of Human Rights / The Enlargement of the European Communities and the Protection of Human Rights -- Patents in Europe on the Enlargement of The Community / Patents in Europe on the Enlargement of the Community -- Environment Protection Work in the Council of Europe / Environment Protection Work in the Council of Europe -- UN Programme Communautaire en Matière D’Environnement / UN Programme Communautaire en Matière D’Environnement -- Summary of Major NATO/CCMS Activities in 1971 / Summary of Major NATO/CCMS Activities in 1971 -- The Work of OECD in the Protection of the Environment / The Work of OECD in the Protection of the Environment -- European Integration and National Decentralisation / European Integration and National Decentralisation -- La Poursuite Par La Communauté Élargie de La Politique D’Association Avec des Pays en Voie de Développement / La Poursuite Par La Communauté Élargie de La Politique D’Association Avec des Pays en Voie de Développement -- Section Documentaire / Documentary Section / Membres des Organisations Européennes 1971 / Members of European Organisations 1971 -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale Pour La Navigation du Rhin / Central Commission for the Navigation on the Rhine -- II. Union Économique Benelux / Benelux Economic Union -- Chapitre III. Union de L’Europe Occidentale / Western European Union -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques / Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development -- Chapitre V. Conseil de L’Europe / Council of Europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’État Civil / International Commission on Civil Status -- Chapitre VII. Conseil de Coopération Douanière / Customs Co-Operation Council -- Chapitre VIII. Communautés Européennes / European Communities -- Chapitre IX. Conseil Nordique / Nordic Council -- Chapitre X. Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports / European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- Chapitre XI. European Organization for Nuclear Research / European Organization for Nuclear Research -- Chapitre XII. Commission Européenne de L’Aviation Civile / European Civil Aviation Conference -- Chapitre XIII. Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications / Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications -- Chapitre XIV. Association Européenne de Libre-Échange / European Free Trade Association -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Européenne de Recherches Spatiales / The European Space Research Organisation -- Chapitre XVI. Organisation Européenne Pour La Mise Au Point et La Construction de Lanceurs D’Engins Spatiaux / European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organisation -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres Sur La Coopération Européenne / Books on European Co-Operation -- II. Bibliographie Sélective des Articles de Périodiques et des Brochures 1971 / Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material 1971 -- Table des Noms / List of Names -- Index alphabétique / General Index.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table des Matières / Table of ContentsArticles / Articles -- The Enlargement of the European Communities and the Protection of Human Rights / The Enlargement of the European Communities and the Protection of Human Rights -- Patents in Europe on the Enlargement of The Community / Patents in Europe on the Enlargement of the Community -- Environment Protection Work in the Council of Europe / Environment Protection Work in the Council of Europe -- UN Programme Communautaire en Matière D’Environnement / UN Programme Communautaire en Matière D’Environnement -- Summary of Major NATO/CCMS Activities in 1971 / Summary of Major NATO/CCMS Activities in 1971 -- The Work of OECD in the Protection of the Environment / The Work of OECD in the Protection of the Environment -- European Integration and National Decentralisation / European Integration and National Decentralisation -- La Poursuite Par La Communauté Élargie de La Politique D’Association Avec des Pays en Voie de Développement / La Poursuite Par La Communauté Élargie de La Politique D’Association Avec des Pays en Voie de Développement -- Section Documentaire / Documentary Section / Membres des Organisations Européennes 1971 / Members of European Organisations 1971 -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale Pour La Navigation du Rhin / Central Commission for the Navigation on the Rhine -- II. Union Économique Benelux / Benelux Economic Union -- Chapitre III. Union de L’Europe Occidentale / Western European Union -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques / Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development -- Chapitre V. Conseil de L’Europe / Council of Europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’État Civil / International Commission on Civil Status -- Chapitre VII. Conseil de Coopération Douanière / Customs Co-Operation Council -- Chapitre VIII. Communautés Européennes / European Communities -- Chapitre IX. Conseil Nordique / Nordic Council -- Chapitre X. Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports / European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- Chapitre XI. European Organization for Nuclear Research / European Organization for Nuclear Research -- Chapitre XII. Commission Européenne de L’Aviation Civile / European Civil Aviation Conference -- Chapitre XIII. Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications / Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications -- Chapitre XIV. Association Européenne de Libre-Échange / European Free Trade Association -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Européenne de Recherches Spatiales / The European Space Research Organisation -- Chapitre XVI. Organisation Européenne Pour La Mise Au Point et La Construction de Lanceurs D’Engins Spatiaux / European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organisation -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres Sur La Coopération Européenne / Books on European Co-Operation -- II. Bibliographie Sélective des Articles de Périodiques et des Brochures 1971 / Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material 1971 -- Table des Noms / List of Names -- Index alphabétique / General Index.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789401744973
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 392 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I The International Law Association -- The International Law Association: a World-Wide Organization for Development and Promotion of International Law -- The Daily Life and Administration of the International Law Association -- L’influence de l’International Law Association sur la doctrine et la pratique du droit international -- II The Present State of International Law -- The Development of the Charter of the United Nations: the Present State -- Implications et aspects juridiques de la coexistence pacifique -- The International Law of Human Rights in the Middle Twentieth Century -- The Law of War -- Historique et état actuel du droit international medical -- The Present State of International Water Resources Law -- Some Reflections on the Present and Future Law of the Sea -- Air Law -- The Present State of Space Law -- Prospects for Regulation of Environmental Conservation under International Law -- The Present State of the Law Regarding the Extra-Territorial Application of Restrictive Trade Legislation -- Quelques aspects du droit monétaire contemporain -- Etat actuel du droit des investissements étrangers dans les pays en voie de développement -- The Present State of the Law Regarding International Commercial Arbitration -- The Present State of the Law on State Succession -- The Present State of Transnational Law -- The Montevideo Treaties of 1889 and 1940 and their Influence on the Unification of Private International Law in South America -- The Present State of Choice of Law in the United States -- L’état présent de la Conférence de La Haye de Droit International Privé.
    Abstract: In October I873, as every Conference Report recalls, the Associ­ ation for the Reform and Codification of the Law of Nations was founded in Brussels (Belgium). At the Brussels Conference of I895 the Association's name was changed and ever since it has been "The International Law Association". On August 30 and 3I and September I, I973, a Centenary Cele­ bration will be held in the Association's place of birth. In the course of preparations made for this triduum, plans were also laid by the Executive Council for a Centenary Volume to mark the event. The formula adopted for the book was mostly based on contributions by Chairmen and/or Rapporteurs of International Committees of the Association who were asked to shed light on "the present state" of their subject. Hence the title of the Volume. For good measure, vari­ ous other topics not coming under the terms of reference of Inter­ national Committees were added. Almost all of the authors invited responded favourably, and their studies are to be found in Part II, arranged in sections which have no other justification than the Editor's whim. It should be pointed out that Chairmen and/or Rapporteurs of International Committees wrote their articles a titre personnel and, therefore, cannot be deemed to express opinions held by their Com­ mittees as such. Part I contains the "other essays", dealing with the Association itself rather than with the present state of international law.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789401511704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXX, 995 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Table Des Matières / Table of Contents -- Articles -- La Commission des Communautés Européennes. la Commission des Quatorze: 1967–1970 -- Les Initiatives du Saint-Siège en Faveur de L’unification Européenne -- The Conference of European Ministers of Education -- Relations Between the Council of Europe and the United Nations -- Section Documentaire -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale pour la Navigation du Rhin -- Chapitre II. Union Économique Benelux -- Chapitre III. Union de L’europe Occidentale -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques -- Chapitre V. Conseil De L’Europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’État Civil -- Chapitre VII. Conseil de Coopération Douanière -- Chapitre VIII. Communautés Européennes -- Chapitre IX. Conseil Nordique -- Chapitre X. Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports -- Chapitre XI. Commission Européenne de L’Aviation Civile -- Chapitre XII. Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications -- Chapitre XIII. Association Européenne de Libre-Échange -- Chapitre XIV. Organisation Européenne de Recherches Spatiales -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Européenne pour la Mise au Point et la Construction de Lanceurs D’engins Spatiaux -- Articles -- La Commission des communautés européennes. la commission des quatorze: 1967–1970 -- Les Initiatives du Saint-Siège en Faveur de L’unification Européenne -- The Conference of European Ministers of Education -- Relations Between the Council of Europe and the United Nations -- Documentary Section -- I. Central Commission for the Navigation on the Rhine -- II. Benelux Economic Union (in French) -- III. Western European Union -- IV. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development -- V. Council of Europe -- VI. International Commission on Civil Status -- VII. Customs Co-Operation Council -- VIII. European Communities -- IX. Nordic Council -- X. European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- XI. European Civil Aviation Conference -- XII. European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations -- XIII. European Free Trade Association -- XIV. European Space Research Organisation -- XV. European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organisation -- Section Bibliographique -- I. Livres Sur La Coopération Européenne -- II. Bibliographie Sélective des Articles de Périodiques et des Brochures 1970 -- A. La Coopération Européenne en Général -- B. La Coopération Économique -- C. Conseil de L’europe -- D. Communautés Européennes -- E. Questions de Défense -- Table des Noms -- Index alphabétique -- Bibliographical Section -- I. Books on European Co-Operation -- II. Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material 1970 -- A. European CO-Operation in General -- B. Economic CO-Operation -- C. Council of Europe -- D. European Communities -- E. Defence Questions -- List of Names -- General Index.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table Des Matières / Table of ContentsArticles -- La Commission des Communautés Européennes. la Commission des Quatorze: 1967-1970 -- Les Initiatives du Saint-Siège en Faveur de L’unification Européenne -- The Conference of European Ministers of Education -- Relations Between the Council of Europe and the United Nations -- Section Documentaire -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale pour la Navigation du Rhin -- Chapitre II. Union Économique Benelux -- Chapitre III. Union de L’europe Occidentale -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques -- Chapitre V. Conseil De L’Europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’État Civil -- Chapitre VII. Conseil de Coopération Douanière -- Chapitre VIII. Communautés Européennes -- Chapitre IX. Conseil Nordique -- Chapitre X. Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports -- Chapitre XI. Commission Européenne de L’Aviation Civile -- Chapitre XII. Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications -- Chapitre XIII. Association Européenne de Libre-Échange -- Chapitre XIV. Organisation Européenne de Recherches Spatiales -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Européenne pour la Mise au Point et la Construction de Lanceurs D’engins Spatiaux -- Articles -- La Commission des communautés européennes. la commission des quatorze: 1967-1970 -- Les Initiatives du Saint-Siège en Faveur de L’unification Européenne -- The Conference of European Ministers of Education -- Relations Between the Council of Europe and the United Nations -- Documentary Section -- I. Central Commission for the Navigation on the Rhine -- II. Benelux Economic Union (in French) -- III. Western European Union -- IV. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development -- V. Council of Europe -- VI. International Commission on Civil Status -- VII. Customs Co-Operation Council -- VIII. European Communities -- IX. Nordic Council -- X. European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- XI. European Civil Aviation Conference -- XII. European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations -- XIII. European Free Trade Association -- XIV. European Space Research Organisation -- XV. European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organisation -- Section Bibliographique -- I. Livres Sur La Coopération Européenne -- II. Bibliographie Sélective des Articles de Périodiques et des Brochures 1970 -- A. La Coopération Européenne en Général -- B. La Coopération Économique -- C. Conseil de L’europe -- D. Communautés Européennes -- E. Questions de Défense -- Table des Noms -- Index alphabétique -- Bibliographical Section -- I. Books on European Co-Operation -- II. Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material 1970 -- A. European CO-Operation in General -- B. Economic CO-Operation -- C. Council of Europe -- D. European Communities -- E. Defence Questions -- List of Names -- General Index.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192057
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; History.
    Abstract: I. Historical Development of Belligerent Recognition -- 1. The American Revolution -- 2. Spanish Colonial Wars for Independence, 1810–1823 -- II. Pre-1861 Civil Conflicts which Indicated a Need for the Status of Insurgency -- 1. The Greek Insurrection Against the Sublime Porte, 1821 -- 2. The Polish Uprising, 1830–31 -- 3. The Canadian Insurrection, 1838–39 -- 4. The Revolution of Texas, 1836 -- 5. The Vivanco Insurrection in Peru, 1856–1858 -- III. Methods of According Belligerent Recognition -- 1. The American Civil War and Development of the Concept of Belligerence -- 2. Nature and Form of Recognition: By Third States -- 3. Recognition by Foreign States -- 4. Nature and Form of Recognition: by the Parent Government -- 5. The Source of Recognition -- IV. Criteria for Timing a Grant of Belligerence -- 1. The American Argument for the Appropriate Timing of Belligerent Rights -- 2. The British Position -- 3. The View of Scholars and Publicists on the Matter of Recognition -- 4. The Geneva Arbitrations and the Question of Premature Recognition -- 5. Criteria for Timing a Grant of Belligerent Recognition -- 6. The Question of a Right of Recognition -- 7. May the Established Government Demand Belligerent Recognition as of Right ? -- V. Belligerent Recognition as de Facto Recognition of the Insurgent Government -- 1. Essential Informal Relations With an Insurgent Government -- 2. Judicial Decisions Respecting De Facto Nature of Insurgent Governments -- 3. Norms of De Facto Recognition of the Insurgent Government -- 4. The Uses of De Facto Recognition -- VI. Succession to Treaty Responsibilities in Civil Wars -- 1. The Traditional Law of Treaty Succession -- 2. Success or Failure as a Criterion for Treaty Succession -- 3. Effects of Recognition of Belligerency on Treaty Succession -- 4. Succession to Multipartite Treaties When Belligerency has been Recognized -- 5. Treaty Succession in Internal Wars Since The American Civil War -- VII. The Decline of Belligerent Recognition: Desuetude in International Law -- 1. Belligerent Recognition After the American Civil War -- 2. Reasons for the Non-Use of Belligerent Recognition -- 3. Belligerent Recognition and Desuetude -- VIII. Some Observations on Current Practice -- 1. The Nature of the System Change -- 2. The Decline of Insurgent Recognition -- 3. The Modality of Intervention -- 4. Patterns of Intervention -- 5. Developing Patterns of Bloc Intervention -- 6. Toward an International Law of Civil Conflicts -- 7. Tables of Interventions in Civil Wars, 1945–1967 -- 8. Summary.
    Abstract: The present study is concerned with the development and the applica­ tions of legal norms to situations of civil strife. It also deals in a less intensive way with problems of adjustment of these norms when the ambiance of the system changes. In particular it deals with the con­ cept of belligerent recognition, a standard well-suited to the needs of the international systeum nder a balance of power arrangement and to what extent this norm, which became fully developed during the nineteenth century, has been altered to meet the needs of the new international system which has been called a loose bipolar system. Revolution has been a classic theme of social and political thinkers throughout history. Some have regarded revolutions as completely unjustifiable, while others view them as a force for progress, if not the sole agent for major social adjustment. Political evolutionists re­ gard revolutions which erupt in social violence as necessary social con­ ditioning, as a way of selecting the political elite. Those who regard social violence as healthy and good, proceed to layout prudential rules for the conduct and successful conclusion of revolutions. Those who regard social violence as unhealthy and bad, tend to stress the norms of "law and order"; and to hurl at revolutionists the imprecations of a moral law which enjoins necessary obedience to authority. The present treatise pursues none of these interesting possibilities.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Historical Development of Belligerent Recognition1. The American Revolution -- 2. Spanish Colonial Wars for Independence, 1810-1823 -- II. Pre-1861 Civil Conflicts which Indicated a Need for the Status of Insurgency -- 1. The Greek Insurrection Against the Sublime Porte, 1821 -- 2. The Polish Uprising, 1830-31 -- 3. The Canadian Insurrection, 1838-39 -- 4. The Revolution of Texas, 1836 -- 5. The Vivanco Insurrection in Peru, 1856-1858 -- III. Methods of According Belligerent Recognition -- 1. The American Civil War and Development of the Concept of Belligerence -- 2. Nature and Form of Recognition: By Third States -- 3. Recognition by Foreign States -- 4. Nature and Form of Recognition: by the Parent Government -- 5. The Source of Recognition -- IV. Criteria for Timing a Grant of Belligerence -- 1. The American Argument for the Appropriate Timing of Belligerent Rights -- 2. The British Position -- 3. The View of Scholars and Publicists on the Matter of Recognition -- 4. The Geneva Arbitrations and the Question of Premature Recognition -- 5. Criteria for Timing a Grant of Belligerent Recognition -- 6. The Question of a Right of Recognition -- 7. May the Established Government Demand Belligerent Recognition as of Right ? -- V. Belligerent Recognition as de Facto Recognition of the Insurgent Government -- 1. Essential Informal Relations With an Insurgent Government -- 2. Judicial Decisions Respecting De Facto Nature of Insurgent Governments -- 3. Norms of De Facto Recognition of the Insurgent Government -- 4. The Uses of De Facto Recognition -- VI. Succession to Treaty Responsibilities in Civil Wars -- 1. The Traditional Law of Treaty Succession -- 2. Success or Failure as a Criterion for Treaty Succession -- 3. Effects of Recognition of Belligerency on Treaty Succession -- 4. Succession to Multipartite Treaties When Belligerency has been Recognized -- 5. Treaty Succession in Internal Wars Since The American Civil War -- VII. The Decline of Belligerent Recognition: Desuetude in International Law -- 1. Belligerent Recognition After the American Civil War -- 2. Reasons for the Non-Use of Belligerent Recognition -- 3. Belligerent Recognition and Desuetude -- VIII. Some Observations on Current Practice -- 1. The Nature of the System Change -- 2. The Decline of Insurgent Recognition -- 3. The Modality of Intervention -- 4. Patterns of Intervention -- 5. Developing Patterns of Bloc Intervention -- 6. Toward an International Law of Civil Conflicts -- 7. Tables of Interventions in Civil Wars, 1945-1967 -- 8. Summary.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (249p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science. ; Civil procedure.
    Abstract: I Conceptual Framework -- I. Evolutionary Perspectives -- II. Theoretical Analysis of International Privileges and Immunities -- II. Organizational Practice—The United Nations System -- III. Composition and Development -- IV. Constitutional Bases -- V. Host Nation Agreements -- VI. Assistance and Relief Agreements -- III. Organizational Practice—Regional Organizations -- VII. European Organizations -- VIII. Non-European Regional Organizations -- IV. Judicial, Financial and Security Institutions -- IX. International Courts of Justice -- X. International Financial Institutions -- XI. Security and Peacekeeping Forces -- V. Analysis and Conclusions -- XII. Composite Analysis of International Practice -- XIII. International Privileges and Immunities of the Future -- XIV. Conclusions -- Appendix I Partial list of international organizations considered -- Appendix II Extracts from general conventions on privileges and immunities -- Appendix III Summary of practice in the United Nations system -- Appendix IV Extracts of documents pertaining to regional practice -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: Since World War I scholars and practitioners alike have addressed themselves to defining and assessing the "new diplomacy," which the British diplomatist Harold Nicolson has branded the "American method." He distinguishes contemporary practice from earlier forms of diplomacy which, in The Evolution of Diplomatic Method (1954), on the basis of historical orientation, he designates the Greek, Roman, Italian, and French "systems" of diplo­ macy, in this order. Intensified multilaterial, as differentiated from bilateral, diplomacy - or what Lord Maurice Hankey treats as Diplomacy by Con­ ference (1946) - has become one of the principal qualities characterizing twentieth century diplomatic usage. "Conference diplomacy," in turn, consists of both ad hoc and regularized components. The latter, sometimes designated "parliamentary diplomacy," is essentially a form of institutionalized conferencing permeating the func­ tioning of permanent mechanisms called international organizations. Within them member states pursue national and collective interests and espouse national policies, confer and negotiate respecting mutual problems, engage in forensic and often public exposition, and reduce decision making, but usually only ostensibly, to a formalized voting process.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Conceptual FrameworkI. Evolutionary Perspectives -- II. Theoretical Analysis of International Privileges and Immunities -- II. Organizational Practice-The United Nations System -- III. Composition and Development -- IV. Constitutional Bases -- V. Host Nation Agreements -- VI. Assistance and Relief Agreements -- III. Organizational Practice-Regional Organizations -- VII. European Organizations -- VIII. Non-European Regional Organizations -- IV. Judicial, Financial and Security Institutions -- IX. International Courts of Justice -- X. International Financial Institutions -- XI. Security and Peacekeeping Forces -- V. Analysis and Conclusions -- XII. Composite Analysis of International Practice -- XIII. International Privileges and Immunities of the Future -- XIV. Conclusions -- Appendix I Partial list of international organizations considered -- Appendix II Extracts from general conventions on privileges and immunities -- Appendix III Summary of practice in the United Nations system -- Appendix IV Extracts of documents pertaining to regional practice -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401175258
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (315p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I Ideological Background of the Interpretation of the United Nations Role Toward Non-Self-Governing Territories -- I: The Effects of World War II on the Afro-Asian Position at the San Francisco Conference -- 2: The Declaration Regarding Non-Self-Governing Territories and the Concepts of International Responsibility for Colonial Administration -- II The United Nations’ Method of Organization for Dealing with the Non-Self-Governing Territories -- 3: The Afro-Asian Attitude Towards the Creation of One-Year Committees on Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories: 1946–1948 -- 4: Impact of the Afro-Asian Position on the Establishment and Continuation of Committees on Information for Three-Year Periods: 1949–1958 -- III The United Nations’ Method of Procedure for Dealing with the Non-Self-Governing Territories -- 5: The Afro-Asian Emphasis on the General Assembly’s Competence in the Determination of Non-Self-Governing Territories -- 6: The New Afro-Asian Formula for Swift Decolonization and the Follow-up of Chapter XI -- IV Conclusions -- 7: Recapitulation of the Main Afro-Asian Contributions -- 8: Developments from 1963 to 1970 -- Territories Which Became Independent Since The Establishment of the United Nations -- I. Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories -- II. Other Territories -- III. Guide Showing Original Names of the Territories.
    Abstract: When the United Nations' Charter was signed in San Francisco in 1945, the number of African member states of the Organisation was only 4. By the end of 1960 it had risen to 22. Today it is 41. How has this come about? The answer is given in this valuable book by Dr. Yassin EI-Ayouty. The handful of Asian and African countries who had the privilege of foundation membership made it their business to see to it that their brethren who were still under the colonial yoke attained their freedom and independence as soon as possible and, in the meanwhile, that they were treated with decency and fairness by their colonial masters. It was a tough assignment. The struggle was long, requiring a great deal of patience and endurance. It was at times fierce, requiring much dogged resolution. It also called for the deployment of intellectual agility ofthe highest order. Fortunately all these qualities were available in the rep­ resentatives of Asia and Africa who led the great struggle. These dis­ tinguished delegates also demonstrated a wonderful degree of solidarity which has, happily, become an Afro-Asian tradition at the United Nations. The battle began even before the Organisation had itself become a fact. It would have been a more difficult struggle, had there been no provision in the Charter at all in respect of colonies, by whatever name called.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Ideological Background of the Interpretation of the United Nations Role Toward Non-Self-Governing TerritoriesI: The Effects of World War II on the Afro-Asian Position at the San Francisco Conference -- 2: The Declaration Regarding Non-Self-Governing Territories and the Concepts of International Responsibility for Colonial Administration -- II The United Nations’ Method of Organization for Dealing with the Non-Self-Governing Territories -- 3: The Afro-Asian Attitude Towards the Creation of One-Year Committees on Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories: 1946-1948 -- 4: Impact of the Afro-Asian Position on the Establishment and Continuation of Committees on Information for Three-Year Periods: 1949-1958 -- III The United Nations’ Method of Procedure for Dealing with the Non-Self-Governing Territories -- 5: The Afro-Asian Emphasis on the General Assembly’s Competence in the Determination of Non-Self-Governing Territories -- 6: The New Afro-Asian Formula for Swift Decolonization and the Follow-up of Chapter XI -- IV Conclusions -- 7: Recapitulation of the Main Afro-Asian Contributions -- 8: Developments from 1963 to 1970 -- Territories Which Became Independent Since The Establishment of the United Nations -- I. Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories -- II. Other Territories -- III. Guide Showing Original Names of the Territories.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789401509213
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (197p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- I. The Attitude of theInstitut de Droit International -- II. The Attitude of the International Law Association -- III. The Attitude of the David Davies Memorial Institute -- II The Legal Basis of the Progressive Development in the United Nations of the Concept of State Jurisdiction in International Space Law -- I. The Principle of Applicability of International Law to Space Activities -- II. The Concept of State Jurisdiction in Public International Law -- III The Progressive Development of Certain Legal Principles Governing the Exercise of State Jurisdiction in Outer Space and on celestial Bodies -- I. The Competence of the United Nations -- II. The Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the UNCOPUOS -- III. The Sessions of the Legal Sub-Committee of the UNCOPUOS -- IV The Lex Lata Regarding the Exercise of State Jurisdiction in Outer Space -- I. The “Sources” -- II. The Effect of Article VIII of the Space Treaty on the Concept of State Jurisdiction -- III. The Legal Basis of State Jurisdiction in Space Law -- V Observations de lege Ferenda -- I. A Proposal: The Concept of “Functional Jurisdiction” -- II. Reflections on the Jurisdictional Aspects of the Establishment of a Canadian Domestic Satellite Communication System -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- I. Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space — U.N. General Assembly Resolution 1962 (XVIII), 13 December 1963 -- II. Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 27 January 1967 -- III. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water, 5 August 1963 -- IV. Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts, and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space, 1967 -- V. Draft Convention Concerning the Registration of Objects Launched into Space for the Exploration or Use of Outer Space -- VI. Progress Report on the Question of the Legal Status of Spacecraft. Prepared by René H. Mankiewicz, Rapporteur, for the Space Law Committee of the International Law Association. 53rd Conference, Buenos Aires, 1968 -- Selected Bibliography -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Dr. Csabafi in his clearly and concisely written book sets out to confront the most pressing jurisdictional problems arising from the exploration and use of outer space, problems which the authors of the Outer Space Treaty of 27th January, 1967, have not attempted to solve. He has recognized that in view of the lack of sufficient knowledge of tech­ nological capabilities present and anticipated of the utilization of outer space and its political, economic and social implications, the time is not yet ripe for the elaboration of specific rules to govern most of the highly com­ plex issues in this context. Apart from the lack of sufficient knowledge and experience, the achieve­ ment of a consensus on rules regarding jurisdiction in outer space is further hampered by the strongly divergent interpretations of the fundamental prin­ ciples of the Outer Space Treaty namely the principle of freedom of outer space for exploration and use and the principle of non-appropriation of outer space. In various parts of his study Dr. Csabafi has, on the basis of a thorough study of the preparatory work of the Outer Space Treaty, ex­ pressed his views on the meaning of these principles.
    Description / Table of Contents: I IntroductionI. The Attitude of theInstitut de Droit International -- II. The Attitude of the International Law Association -- III. The Attitude of the David Davies Memorial Institute -- II The Legal Basis of the Progressive Development in the United Nations of the Concept of State Jurisdiction in International Space Law -- I. The Principle of Applicability of International Law to Space Activities -- II. The Concept of State Jurisdiction in Public International Law -- III The Progressive Development of Certain Legal Principles Governing the Exercise of State Jurisdiction in Outer Space and on celestial Bodies -- I. The Competence of the United Nations -- II. The Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the UNCOPUOS -- III. The Sessions of the Legal Sub-Committee of the UNCOPUOS -- IV The Lex Lata Regarding the Exercise of State Jurisdiction in Outer Space -- I. The “Sources” -- II. The Effect of Article VIII of the Space Treaty on the Concept of State Jurisdiction -- III. The Legal Basis of State Jurisdiction in Space Law -- V Observations de lege Ferenda -- I. A Proposal: The Concept of “Functional Jurisdiction” -- II. Reflections on the Jurisdictional Aspects of the Establishment of a Canadian Domestic Satellite Communication System -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- I. Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space - U.N. General Assembly Resolution 1962 (XVIII), 13 December 1963 -- II. Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 27 January 1967 -- III. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water, 5 August 1963 -- IV. Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts, and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space, 1967 -- V. Draft Convention Concerning the Registration of Objects Launched into Space for the Exploration or Use of Outer Space -- VI. Progress Report on the Question of the Legal Status of Spacecraft. Prepared by René H. Mankiewicz, Rapporteur, for the Space Law Committee of the International Law Association. 53rd Conference, Buenos Aires, 1968 -- Selected Bibliography -- Name Index.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401175340
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 68 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: European Demographic Monographs 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Norway’s Internal Migration to New Farms Since 1920 -- National Population Changes -- State Support of Rural Settling to the Early 20th Century -- The Ny Jord Society Program -- The State Bureising (Homesteading) Program -- Reclamation of Bogs -- Measures of Isolation -- The Continuous Settlement Region -- Inner Fringe Zone -- The Trysil District: IFZ Sample -- Middle Fringe Zone -- The Målselv District: MFZ Sample -- Outer Fringe Zone -- The Hattfjelldal District: OFZ Sample -- The Pasvik Valley District: OFZ Sample -- Outermost Fringe Zone -- Perspectives.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401188562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 366 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Purpose of the inquiry -- One History of Asylum and Basis for Its Grant -- II. History of asylum -- III. Basis for the grant of asylum -- Two Asylum from the Viewpoint of the Individual -- IV. The Individual’s position in international law with respect to asylum -- V. Asylum as a human right -- VI. The international political refugee -- Three Asylum from the Viewpoint of States -- Sub-Part A. Territorial Asylum -- VII. Rights and duties of states granting territorial asylum -- VIII. The political offense -- Sub-Part B. Non-Territorial Asylum -- IX. The forms of non-territorial asylum -- X. Diplomatic asylum -- XI. Consular asylum -- XII. Maritime asylum -- Four Conclusion -- XIII. Summary and conclusions.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Purpose of the inquiryOne History of Asylum and Basis for Its Grant -- II. History of asylum -- III. Basis for the grant of asylum -- Two Asylum from the Viewpoint of the Individual -- IV. The Individual’s position in international law with respect to asylum -- V. Asylum as a human right -- VI. The international political refugee -- Three Asylum from the Viewpoint of States -- Sub-Part A. Territorial Asylum -- VII. Rights and duties of states granting territorial asylum -- VIII. The political offense -- Sub-Part B. Non-Territorial Asylum -- IX. The forms of non-territorial asylum -- X. Diplomatic asylum -- XI. Consular asylum -- XII. Maritime asylum -- Four Conclusion -- XIII. Summary and conclusions.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401512275
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIV, 923 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Annuaire Européen / European Yearbook 17
    Series Statement: Annuaire Europeen / European Yearbook 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401195904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: One Private International Law as a Social Phenomenon -- 1 A General Survey -- 2 The Legal and Sociological Aspects of Private International Law -- Two Historical Development of the Concepts of Private International Law -- 1 The Situation Prior to the Emergence of the Statutory Theory of Private International Law -- 2 The Emergence and Initial Progress of the Statutory Theory -- 3 French and Dutch Statutory Theory -- 4 Development in the Period of Capitalism -- Three “Universalism” and “Nationalism” in the Modern Doctrine of Private International Law Especially in Non-Socialist States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Main Views of the Doctrine of Public International Law on Private International Law -- 3 The Main Concepts of the Doctrine of Private International Law -- 4 The Comparative Trend in Private International Law -- Four The Object and Character of Private International Law and Its Place in the System of Law -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The General Characteristics of Private International Law and the Question of Its Object -- 3 Links Between Private International Law and Other Branches of Law and the Question of the Place Private International Law Occupies in the System of Law -- 4 The Place of Private International Law in the System of Law -- Five Comparative Jurisprudence, Private International Law and the Law of International Trade -- 1 General Survey -- 2 (Excursus) Some Problems of Comparative Jurisprudence -- 3 The Role of Comparative Jurisprudence in Private International Law -- 4 Some Notes on the Law of International Trade -- Six The Substance and Character of Application of Foreign Law -- 1 Application of Foreign Law as the Consequence and Culmination of the Conflict Rule -- 2 Application of Foreign Law and Domestic Law.
    Abstract: to Seeking the answer to the three basic questions of contempo­ rary private international law, I also deemed it essential to out­ line to the reader the historical development of the different concepts of this particular branch of law, for without the know­ ledge of this history it is impossible to understand the contempo­ rary problems. The fact that private international law oscillates between public international law and substantive municipal law as it is applied in individual countries creates considerable problems in both theory and practice. I have tried to deal with these problems in the third part of my study, concerning "universa­ lism" and "nationalism" in the doctrine of private international law, as well as in its fourth part, which is devoted to the object and nature of this law and its place in the overall system of law. The character of private international law, ensuing from the plurality of municipal laws - which also characterize the origin and existence of comparative jurisprudence - in­ spired me to produce the fifth part of this study, which prima­ rily tries to expJain the theoretical problems of comparative jurisprudence but does so - defining its objectives and possibili­ ties - in order to underline at the same time its role in private international law and in the law of international trade.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Private International Law as a Social Phenomenon1 A General Survey -- 2 The Legal and Sociological Aspects of Private International Law -- Two Historical Development of the Concepts of Private International Law -- 1 The Situation Prior to the Emergence of the Statutory Theory of Private International Law -- 2 The Emergence and Initial Progress of the Statutory Theory -- 3 French and Dutch Statutory Theory -- 4 Development in the Period of Capitalism -- Three “Universalism” and “Nationalism” in the Modern Doctrine of Private International Law Especially in Non-Socialist States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Main Views of the Doctrine of Public International Law on Private International Law -- 3 The Main Concepts of the Doctrine of Private International Law -- 4 The Comparative Trend in Private International Law -- Four The Object and Character of Private International Law and Its Place in the System of Law -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The General Characteristics of Private International Law and the Question of Its Object -- 3 Links Between Private International Law and Other Branches of Law and the Question of the Place Private International Law Occupies in the System of Law -- 4 The Place of Private International Law in the System of Law -- Five Comparative Jurisprudence, Private International Law and the Law of International Trade -- 1 General Survey -- 2 (Excursus) Some Problems of Comparative Jurisprudence -- 3 The Role of Comparative Jurisprudence in Private International Law -- 4 Some Notes on the Law of International Trade -- Six The Substance and Character of Application of Foreign Law -- 1 Application of Foreign Law as the Consequence and Culmination of the Conflict Rule -- 2 Application of Foreign Law and Domestic Law.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401188265
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. The Relevance of Law -- Responsibility for a Law of Peace -- The Placement of Responsibility -- The Format of Responsibility -- The Present Design -- II. International Violence: The Total Challenge and the Partial Response -- International Violence: The Total Challenge -- The Partial Response -- The Response Appraised -- III. Mission: A Move toward Law -- The Exercise of Responsibility -- Mission: A Move Toward World Law -- Credentials of Acceptability: Effectiveness and Legitimacy -- Summary -- IV. Medium: An International Peace Court -- The Choice of Means -- The Choice of Method -- The Choice of Medium -- V. The Court in Design -- Effective Structure -- Participants -- Summary -- VI. The Court in Action -- Jurisdiction -- Judges -- Parties -- Claims -- Trying the Facts -- Applying the Law -- The Judgment -- VII. The Court in Impact -- Operational Effect -- The Circuitry of Deterrence -- Legal Consequence -- VIII. New Premises for a Legal Breakthrough -- First Premise: The Initiative of the Many -- Second Premise: Moral Power as a Base of International Influence -- Third Premise: Moral Power Harnessed to Legal Structure -- Fourth Premise: Legal Judgment Free of the Consent of the Adjudged -- Fifth Premise: The Unique Method of Implementation of International Law -- Summary -- IX. Making the Move -- Establishment of the Court -- Maintenance of the Court -- Summary -- X. Toward World Law -- Blessed are the Peacemakers -- Making Peace -- Making Law -- Conclusion -- Epilogue -- Model Statute for an International Peace Court -- I. General Principles -- II. Organization of the Court -- III. Jurisdiction of Parties and Subject Matter -- IV. Procedure -- V. Amendment and Participation -- Author index.
    Abstract: The classical concept ofInternationalLa w, as developed by Gentilis, Gro­ tius and their successors, accepted as its starting point the sovereignty of states, from which it followed that (r) the rules of International Law were based upon the general consent of those states; and (2) that, since state sovereignty was not capable of limitation, otherwise than by the consent of the state itself, in the last resort, International Law must accept the fact of war. Two world wars within the space of thirty years, and the development of nuclear weapons of unlimited potential, have compelled statesmen and lawyers to take a fresh look at the foundations of international relations. The First World War was followed by the creation of the League of Nations, and by the establish­ ment of the Permanent Court of International Justice. The failure of both, insofar as the preservation of peace was concerned, was apparent in the continuance of international insecurity, culminating in World War II. This again was followed by the establishment of a new inter­ national organisation, the United Nations, with its auxiliary, the International Court of Justice. Nevertheless, international security seems further away than ever, and it may be suggested that it is the devastating potential of nuclear weapons, rather than the strength of international machinery, which has so far prevented a third general conflict far more disastrous than either of the two World Wars which have already taken place.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Relevance of LawResponsibility for a Law of Peace -- The Placement of Responsibility -- The Format of Responsibility -- The Present Design -- II. International Violence: The Total Challenge and the Partial Response -- International Violence: The Total Challenge -- The Partial Response -- The Response Appraised -- III. Mission: A Move toward Law -- The Exercise of Responsibility -- Mission: A Move Toward World Law -- Credentials of Acceptability: Effectiveness and Legitimacy -- Summary -- IV. Medium: An International Peace Court -- The Choice of Means -- The Choice of Method -- The Choice of Medium -- V. The Court in Design -- Effective Structure -- Participants -- Summary -- VI. The Court in Action -- Jurisdiction -- Judges -- Parties -- Claims -- Trying the Facts -- Applying the Law -- The Judgment -- VII. The Court in Impact -- Operational Effect -- The Circuitry of Deterrence -- Legal Consequence -- VIII. New Premises for a Legal Breakthrough -- First Premise: The Initiative of the Many -- Second Premise: Moral Power as a Base of International Influence -- Third Premise: Moral Power Harnessed to Legal Structure -- Fourth Premise: Legal Judgment Free of the Consent of the Adjudged -- Fifth Premise: The Unique Method of Implementation of International Law -- Summary -- IX. Making the Move -- Establishment of the Court -- Maintenance of the Court -- Summary -- X. Toward World Law -- Blessed are the Peacemakers -- Making Peace -- Making Law -- Conclusion -- Epilogue -- Model Statute for an International Peace Court -- I. General Principles -- II. Organization of the Court -- III. Jurisdiction of Parties and Subject Matter -- IV. Procedure -- V. Amendment and Participation -- Author index.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401195027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (211p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. The President and the Treaty -- The President: Goals and Constraints -- Accumulated Experiences -- Presidential Formulation of Policy -- Preliminary to Success: The American University Speech -- The Harriman Mission -- The President and the Treaty -- Linkage with Domestic Constituencies -- Linkage with Foreign Constituencies -- Conclusions -- III. Decision-Making in the Executive Branch -- The Committee of Principals -- The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency -- The Department of State -- The Atomic Energy Commission -- The Department of Defense -- Conclusions -- IV. The Media and the Treaty -- The Communication Role of the Press -- The Barometer Role of the Press -- The Decoding Role of the Press -- Magazines -- Radio and Television -- Uses of the Press by Decision-Makers -- Summary -- V. Group Articulation and Activity -- Primary and Secondary Goals -- The Activity and Position of the Peace Groups and Their Allies -- The Religious Groups -- The Economic Groups -- Veterans’ Organizations -- Opposition and Patriotic Groups -- The Experts -- The Active Groups -- VI. Public Opinion and the Test Ban Treaty -- Inputs and Responses -- Public Opinion and the Test Ban Treaty -- The Structure of Opinion on Nuclear Testing -- Interest and Apathy -- VII. The Senate: Preliminary Considerations -- Initial Senatorial Reaction -- Executive-Legislative Relations -- The Committee on Foreign Relations -- The Preparedness Investigating Subcommittee -- VIII. The Senate: The Debate and Vote -- The Senate and Public Opinion -- The Senate Debate -- Three Senatorial Approaches to Arms Control -- The Administration and the Senate -- The Senate Vote -- Conclusions -- IX. Conclusions -- Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: Burke Revisited -- Option Management -- Feedback: The Options of the Opposition -- Summary and Conclusions -- Appendix I -- Comparison Between Texts of Treaty Tabled at the Geneva Disarmament Conference on August 27, 1962, and that Signed at Moscow on August 5, 1963 -- Appendix II -- Selected Senate Roll Call Votes.
    Abstract: Eighteen years after the United States presented its plan for the international control of atomic energy to the United Nations, the first major arms control agreement was signed between the United States and the Soviet Union. Including Great Britain, the three major nuclear powers pledged to refrain from nuclear tests in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater in a treaty negotiated in Moscow within two weeks during the summer of 1963. It was hoped that the treaty would at least discourage those phases of the arms race which required large-yield nuclear explosions in the atmosphere or outer space as well as eliminate further radioactive pollution of the atmos­ phere. In addition, the test ban would discourage, though not eliminate, the development of nuclear weapons by other treaty adherents because the un­ derground testing allowed under the terms of the document would escalate already heavy costs for countries intending to conduct their first nuclear tests. The Kennedy administration expected other agreements to follow the test ban treaty, particularly an agreement to keep outer space free from 1 nuclear warheads and to outlaw underground tests in the near future. But one of the most important anticipated benefits of the treaty was the expected improvement of relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. The treaty was important not only because it was a tangible breakthrough in East-West arms-control negotiations but also because of its implications for domestic and international politics.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. The President and the Treaty -- The President: Goals and Constraints -- Accumulated Experiences -- Presidential Formulation of Policy -- Preliminary to Success: The American University Speech -- The Harriman Mission -- The President and the Treaty -- Linkage with Domestic Constituencies -- Linkage with Foreign Constituencies -- Conclusions -- III. Decision-Making in the Executive Branch -- The Committee of Principals -- The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency -- The Department of State -- The Atomic Energy Commission -- The Department of Defense -- Conclusions -- IV. The Media and the Treaty -- The Communication Role of the Press -- The Barometer Role of the Press -- The Decoding Role of the Press -- Magazines -- Radio and Television -- Uses of the Press by Decision-Makers -- Summary -- V. Group Articulation and Activity -- Primary and Secondary Goals -- The Activity and Position of the Peace Groups and Their Allies -- The Religious Groups -- The Economic Groups -- Veterans’ Organizations -- Opposition and Patriotic Groups -- The Experts -- The Active Groups -- VI. Public Opinion and the Test Ban Treaty -- Inputs and Responses -- Public Opinion and the Test Ban Treaty -- The Structure of Opinion on Nuclear Testing -- Interest and Apathy -- VII. The Senate: Preliminary Considerations -- Initial Senatorial Reaction -- Executive-Legislative Relations -- The Committee on Foreign Relations -- The Preparedness Investigating Subcommittee -- VIII. The Senate: The Debate and Vote -- The Senate and Public Opinion -- The Senate Debate -- Three Senatorial Approaches to Arms Control -- The Administration and the Senate -- The Senate Vote -- Conclusions -- IX. Conclusions -- Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: Burke Revisited -- Option Management -- Feedback: The Options of the Opposition -- Summary and Conclusions -- Appendix I -- Comparison Between Texts of Treaty Tabled at the Geneva Disarmament Conference on August 27, 1962, and that Signed at Moscow on August 5, 1963 -- Appendix II -- Selected Senate Roll Call Votes.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401575492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 273 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Civil law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: I. The Traditional Approach to Choice of Law -- A. The General Theory -- B. The Gap between Judicial Doing and Reasoning — “Escape Devices” -- C. Critical Evaluation of the Traditional Approach -- D. The Traditional Tort Choice-of-Law Rules -- II. Three Preliminary Clarifications: Transnational Versus Interstate Conflicts, the Lex Fori Threshold and Foreign Law as Factual Datum -- A. Transnational Versus Interstate Conflicts -- B. The Lex Fori Threshold -- C. Foreign Law as Factual Datum -- III. The Concept of Public and Private Interests in the Choice-of-Law — Process — Perspectives and Values -- A. The Concept of Public Interests -- B. The Concept of Private Interests -- C. An Interest-based Approach — The Values of Judicial Creativity, Concretization and Rationality, “Domestication” of the Choice Process and Functionalism in lieu of Territorialism -- IV. Public Interests Peculiar to Conflicts Contexts: Transnational Concerns -- A. The Concept of Transnational Concerns -- B. Transnational Concerns in Reciprocal Accommodation of Public Interests and Uniform Treatment of Distinctive Problem-Areas -- V. The Process of Interest Analysis-Ascertainment of Relevant Interests -- A. Ordinary and Peculiar Aspects of the Interpretive Function -- B. Factors and Guidelines in the Ascertainment of Relevant Interests -- C. Practical Complexities in the Ascertainment of Relevant Interests -- VI. The Process of Interest Analysis-Elimination and Resolution of Conflicts of Interests -- A. Elimination of Apparent-but-not-real Conflicts of Interests -- B. Resolution of True Conflicts of Interests -- C. Recourse to the Lex Fori as a Last Resort in Conflicts Adjudication -- VII. The Prospects of Standardization in the Process of Interest Analysis -- A. New Choice-of-Law Standards — Fancies and Facts -- B. Avenues of Standardization: Accumulation of Interest-Analyses Data, Judicial and Legislative Scope-Delimitation of Legal Prescriptions, and International Legislation in Distinctive Problem-Areas -- Appendix. An Exercise in Interest Analysis -- Selected Bibliography -- General Index.
    Abstract: This book is based on a doctoral thesis submitted to Yale University Law School in 1968. I wish to acknowledge my deepest gratitude to my super­ visor in the writing of the thesis, Professor Ronald M. Dworkin, whose in­ sights and criticism have conspicuously contributed to the present work. Time and again I have been inspired by the ideas expressed by hirn both in personal discussions and in his Conflict of Laws and Jurisprudence courses. It has been my privilege also to have had Professors Leon S. Lipson and Guido Calabresi as supervisors. I have derived great benefit from their sug­ gestions. A sincerely feIt appreciation is expressed to all three persons. A special debt of gratitude is owing to the Yale Law School for the gener­ ous financial support extended to me. I also wish to record my indebtedness to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and to Tel-Aviv University for their financial assistance. I am extremely grateful to Mr. Michael Reiss, '68 Yale Law School for his significant editorial assistance. Thanks are also due to my wife Ettie for invaluable help and encouragement. Finally, I wish to thank the publishers for their courtesy and cooperation. A.S.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Traditional Approach to Choice of LawA. The General Theory -- B. The Gap between Judicial Doing and Reasoning - “Escape Devices” -- C. Critical Evaluation of the Traditional Approach -- D. The Traditional Tort Choice-of-Law Rules -- II. Three Preliminary Clarifications: Transnational Versus Interstate Conflicts, the Lex Fori Threshold and Foreign Law as Factual Datum -- A. Transnational Versus Interstate Conflicts -- B. The Lex Fori Threshold -- C. Foreign Law as Factual Datum -- III. The Concept of Public and Private Interests in the Choice-of-Law - Process - Perspectives and Values -- A. The Concept of Public Interests -- B. The Concept of Private Interests -- C. An Interest-based Approach - The Values of Judicial Creativity, Concretization and Rationality, “Domestication” of the Choice Process and Functionalism in lieu of Territorialism -- IV. Public Interests Peculiar to Conflicts Contexts: Transnational Concerns -- A. The Concept of Transnational Concerns -- B. Transnational Concerns in Reciprocal Accommodation of Public Interests and Uniform Treatment of Distinctive Problem-Areas -- V. The Process of Interest Analysis-Ascertainment of Relevant Interests -- A. Ordinary and Peculiar Aspects of the Interpretive Function -- B. Factors and Guidelines in the Ascertainment of Relevant Interests -- C. Practical Complexities in the Ascertainment of Relevant Interests -- VI. The Process of Interest Analysis-Elimination and Resolution of Conflicts of Interests -- A. Elimination of Apparent-but-not-real Conflicts of Interests -- B. Resolution of True Conflicts of Interests -- C. Recourse to the Lex Fori as a Last Resort in Conflicts Adjudication -- VII. The Prospects of Standardization in the Process of Interest Analysis -- A. New Choice-of-Law Standards - Fancies and Facts -- B. Avenues of Standardization: Accumulation of Interest-Analyses Data, Judicial and Legislative Scope-Delimitation of Legal Prescriptions, and International Legislation in Distinctive Problem-Areas -- Appendix. An Exercise in Interest Analysis -- Selected Bibliography -- General Index.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789400981843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Table des Matières -- Transformation des principes généraux en règles positives du droit international -- Remarques sur l’interdiction d’intervention -- Les problèmes de la subjectivité internationale -- Le statut juridique des partisans et des mouvements de résistance armée: évolution historique et aspects actuels -- Die Vereinigten Nationen und das Kriegsrecht -- International Freedom of Information. New Dimensions -- Observations sur une enquête internationale: L’affaire du «Tavignano» -- La souveraineté dans l’histoire du droit des gens. De Vitoria à Vattel -- Norwegian Attitude to International and Foreign Judgments. Recent Developments -- The Evolution of Space Law Continues -- Contribution à l’étude des rapports entre le droit international public et le droit international privé -- Betrachtungen zum Europäischen Niederlassungabkommen vom 13. Dezember 1955 -- Le rôle de la condition des mains propres de la personne lésée dans les réclamations devant les tribunaux internationaux -- Unverbindliche Abmachungen im zwischenstaatlichen Bereich -- La non-reconnaissance des actes contraires au droit -- La motivation et la révision des sentences arbitrales à la Confêrence de la paix de la Haye (1899) et le conflit frontalier entre le Royaume-Uni et le Vénézuéla -- The Problem of the Application of Military Measures by the General Assembly of the United Nations -- Politique et droit dans les Balkans. Etude d’histoire de la diplomatie et du droit international -- The Special Function of the Principle of Restrictive Interpretation -- La règle juridique, le droit subjectif et le sujet de droit en droit international. Essai d’une nouvelle théorie -- Der Primat des Völkerrechts und die Vereinten Nationen -- Bibliographie des travaux scientifiques de Juraj Andrassy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table des MatièresTransformation des principes généraux en règles positives du droit international -- Remarques sur l’interdiction d’intervention -- Les problèmes de la subjectivité internationale -- Le statut juridique des partisans et des mouvements de résistance armée: évolution historique et aspects actuels -- Die Vereinigten Nationen und das Kriegsrecht -- International Freedom of Information. New Dimensions -- Observations sur une enquête internationale: L’affaire du «Tavignano» -- La souveraineté dans l’histoire du droit des gens. De Vitoria à Vattel -- Norwegian Attitude to International and Foreign Judgments. Recent Developments -- The Evolution of Space Law Continues -- Contribution à l’étude des rapports entre le droit international public et le droit international privé -- Betrachtungen zum Europäischen Niederlassungabkommen vom 13. Dezember 1955 -- Le rôle de la condition des mains propres de la personne lésée dans les réclamations devant les tribunaux internationaux -- Unverbindliche Abmachungen im zwischenstaatlichen Bereich -- La non-reconnaissance des actes contraires au droit -- La motivation et la révision des sentences arbitrales à la Confêrence de la paix de la Haye (1899) et le conflit frontalier entre le Royaume-Uni et le Vénézuéla -- The Problem of the Application of Military Measures by the General Assembly of the United Nations -- Politique et droit dans les Balkans. Etude d’histoire de la diplomatie et du droit international -- The Special Function of the Principle of Restrictive Interpretation -- La règle juridique, le droit subjectif et le sujet de droit en droit international. Essai d’une nouvelle théorie -- Der Primat des Völkerrechts und die Vereinten Nationen -- Bibliographie des travaux scientifiques de Juraj Andrassy.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789401556026
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 365 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Table Des MatiÈres -- Transformation des principes généraux en règles positives du droit international -- Remarques sur l’interdiction d’intervention -- Les problèmes de la subjectivité internationale -- Le status juridique des partisans et des mouvements de résistance armée: évolution historique et aspects actuels -- Die Vereinigten Nationen und das Kriegsrecht -- International Freedom of Information. New Dimensions -- Observations sur une enquête internationale: L’affaire du „Tavignano” -- La souveraineté dans l’histoire du droit des gens. De Vitoria à Vattel -- Norwegian Attitude to International and Foreign Judgments. Recent Developments -- The Evolution of Space Law Continues -- Contribution à l’étude des rapports entre le droit international public et le droit international privé -- Betrachtungen zum Europäischen Niederlassungsabkommen vom 13. Dezember 1955 -- Le rôle de la condition des mains propres de la personne lésée dans les réclamations devant les tribunaux internationaux -- Unverbindliche Abmachungen im zwischenstaatlichen Bereich -- La non-reconnaissance des actes contraires au droit -- La motivation et la révision des sentences arbitrales à la Conférence de la paix de la Haye (1899) et le conflit frontalier entre le Royaume-Uni et le Vénézuéla -- The Problem of the Application of Military Measures by the General Assembly of the United Nations -- Politique et droit dans les Balkans. Etude d’histoire de la diplomatie et du droit international -- The Special Function of the Principle of Restrictive Interpretation -- La règle juridique, le droit subjectif et le sujet de droit en droit international. Essai d’une nouvelle théorie -- Der Primat des Völkerrechts und die Vereinten Nationen -- Bibliographie des travaux scientifiques de Juraj Andrassy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table Des MatiÈresTransformation des principes généraux en règles positives du droit international -- Remarques sur l’interdiction d’intervention -- Les problèmes de la subjectivité internationale -- Le status juridique des partisans et des mouvements de résistance armée: évolution historique et aspects actuels -- Die Vereinigten Nationen und das Kriegsrecht -- International Freedom of Information. New Dimensions -- Observations sur une enquête internationale: L’affaire du „Tavignano” -- La souveraineté dans l’histoire du droit des gens. De Vitoria à Vattel -- Norwegian Attitude to International and Foreign Judgments. Recent Developments -- The Evolution of Space Law Continues -- Contribution à l’étude des rapports entre le droit international public et le droit international privé -- Betrachtungen zum Europäischen Niederlassungsabkommen vom 13. Dezember 1955 -- Le rôle de la condition des mains propres de la personne lésée dans les réclamations devant les tribunaux internationaux -- Unverbindliche Abmachungen im zwischenstaatlichen Bereich -- La non-reconnaissance des actes contraires au droit -- La motivation et la révision des sentences arbitrales à la Conférence de la paix de la Haye (1899) et le conflit frontalier entre le Royaume-Uni et le Vénézuéla -- The Problem of the Application of Military Measures by the General Assembly of the United Nations -- Politique et droit dans les Balkans. Etude d’histoire de la diplomatie et du droit international -- The Special Function of the Principle of Restrictive Interpretation -- La règle juridique, le droit subjectif et le sujet de droit en droit international. Essai d’une nouvelle théorie -- Der Primat des Völkerrechts und die Vereinten Nationen -- Bibliographie des travaux scientifiques de Juraj Andrassy.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789401192101
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Commercial law.
    Abstract: I: International Custom: its Statics and Dynamics -- Some Traditional Criteria of the Growth of International Custom -- The Law of the Continental Shelf in Theory -- II: The Continental Shelf, its Utilization and Control -- The Continental Shelf and its Riches -- National Shelf Policies -- Industrial Involvement on the Shelf -- The Shelf and the State -- Political and Industrial Limits of the Shelf -- III: Political and Legal Problems of the Continental Shelf: an Outline -- Political and Legal Aspects of the Doctrine: 1945 -- Conceptual Enlargement of the Shelf Doctrine: 1945–1958 -- The 1958 Conference on the Law of the Sea -- IV: Bilateral Perspectives of the Legal Regime of the Continental Shelf -- American and British Shelf Practice in the 1940’s -- Coastal Right of Exclusive Control in Bilateral Perspectives -- Shelf Utilization and Responsibility of States: From Bilateral to Multilateral Perspectives -- Provisional Conclusions -- V: The Continental Shelf and International Custom: Assessment and Conclusions -- The Continental Shelf Regime -- International Custom: Aspects of Growth -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: One of the reasons for the speed with which international law has been changing in recent years has been the acceleration in the development of technology. New technological capabilities create opportunities for new kinds of economic activities which in turn require new legal norms to regulate them. Many such norms are formulated by express agreement and embodied in multilateral treaties. Much of contemporary air and space law is being developed by this method. For various reasons, however, the treaty­ making process is not always adequate for the development of new law, at least in its initial stages. Express agreement of a substantial majority of states on norms formulated with some precision requires much time and effort. Eighteen years have passed, for example, since the United Nations International Law Commission began its work on the law of the sea which led to the formulation of four conventions at the Geneva Conference of 1958 on this subject. Ten years after this Conference, none of the four conventions has been ratified or acceded to by a majority of the states of the world. It is not surprising, therefore, that in some fie1ds new law first emerges as a set of customary norms of varying degrees of c1arity and general accep­ tance. But the nature of the process of development and change of customary norms has remained inadequately understood and explained in the theory of intemationallaw. Some eminent jurists have called it "a mystery.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: International Custom: its Statics and DynamicsSome Traditional Criteria of the Growth of International Custom -- The Law of the Continental Shelf in Theory -- II: The Continental Shelf, its Utilization and Control -- The Continental Shelf and its Riches -- National Shelf Policies -- Industrial Involvement on the Shelf -- The Shelf and the State -- Political and Industrial Limits of the Shelf -- III: Political and Legal Problems of the Continental Shelf: an Outline -- Political and Legal Aspects of the Doctrine: 1945 -- Conceptual Enlargement of the Shelf Doctrine: 1945-1958 -- The 1958 Conference on the Law of the Sea -- IV: Bilateral Perspectives of the Legal Regime of the Continental Shelf -- American and British Shelf Practice in the 1940’s -- Coastal Right of Exclusive Control in Bilateral Perspectives -- Shelf Utilization and Responsibility of States: From Bilateral to Multilateral Perspectives -- Provisional Conclusions -- V: The Continental Shelf and International Custom: Assessment and Conclusions -- The Continental Shelf Regime -- International Custom: Aspects of Growth -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401507929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- II The basis of and reason for a sociological approach -- III The method of the sociological approach -- IV International law and sociology -- V The “sociological jurists” -- VI The theory of international relations -- VII The sociological theories -- I. The philosophical systems of sociology -- II. The middle and small range theories -- VIII The concepts of formal and informal structure -- IX The reality structure of world society -- X The formal structure of world society -- XI The interaction between formal and informal structure -- XII The “change” factor in world society -- XIII About the image of the future.
    Abstract: The academic or scientific occupation with international relations is not always an encouraging task. At times one gets an image of the enormous psychic and physical forces which operate in the international realm, and it then seems that the role of the publicist is almost a negligible one. If one, in addition, arrives at the conclusion that human social action is not really a volitional process, then there is indeed ample room for pessimism and despair. Nevertheless, in the complexity of our consciousness, the different elements of which life is made of blend into a unity of which the idea is as much a part or even more so than the deed or action. The stress on action expresses the crudeness of our times but the idea has been much more the motivation of history and its cohesive force over long periods. Action in terms of force is never in itself the entire solution because it carries no conviction or understanding, at least unless its role is a very moderate one.
    Description / Table of Contents: I IntroductionII The basis of and reason for a sociological approach -- III The method of the sociological approach -- IV International law and sociology -- V The “sociological jurists” -- VI The theory of international relations -- VII The sociological theories -- I. The philosophical systems of sociology -- II. The middle and small range theories -- VIII The concepts of formal and informal structure -- IX The reality structure of world society -- X The formal structure of world society -- XI The interaction between formal and informal structure -- XII The “change” factor in world society -- XIII About the image of the future.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401195300
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Implementing Man’s Natural Rights: The Developing International Law -- Failure at the International Level -- The Regional Approach -- Purpose of the Study -- The Natural Rights of Man -- II. The Development of Procedural Remedies -- From Antiquity to the Modern State -- The Status of the Individual under Roman Law -- Present Theories of Individual Procedural Status -- Other Subjects of the Law -- Early International Courts -- III. The Inter-War Period -- The U.S.-Mexican Mixed Claims Commission -- Mixed Claims Commissions -- Arbitral Tribunals -- IV. The Efforts of the United Nations -- Failure at the International Level -- International Labour Organization -- International Court of Justice -- V. The Council of Europe: Political Unification -- The Realization of an Ideal -- The Council of Europe and Unification -- The Individual and the Commission Convention of Human Rights -- Protection of States -- Regional Tribunals and the Individual Commission of Human Rights -- The Court of Human Rights -- Committee of Ministers -- The Individual as a Beneficiary -- Conclusions: Political Organizations -- VI. European Economic Organizations -- The Common Market -- Economic Integration of Europe -- The European Communities and the Individual -- Combined Community Court -- The Individual and the EEC -- The Role of the Court in an Expanding Legal System -- Treaty Texts and the Individual -- Article 177 and the Individual -- Court Decisions and Individual Rights -- Advisory Jurisdiction -- The Individual as a Beneficiary -- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development -- Conclusions: Economic Organizations -- VII. Conclusions -- Individual Right of Action -- Political and Economic Organizations Compared -- The Future Global Efforts -- International Court of Justice -- Private Undertakings -- Trend of World Law -- Table of Cases -- Subject Matter Index -- Index of Authorities.
    Abstract: The most important sipgle factor in guaranteeing the effective pro­ tection of human rights - including economic and property interest- is that private individuals and groups be capable of maintaining a judicial action against any sovereign State causing them injury. Thus, individuals must possess the necessary locus standi at both the regional and international levels. A private individual must be able to prosecute an action before an international tribunal - in his own name - against an offending Government, particularly his own. Unfortunately, this necessary right of action was not recognized under traditional internatio­ nallaw. It is only very recently, since the adoption of the European Convention of Human Rights and the Establishing Treaty of the Common Market, that nongovernmental entities have achieved locus standi before international courts. As this book is being written, it is no longer valid to hold that only States are procedural subjects of international law. Nevertheless, it must - tragically - be conceded that individuals do not enjoy the same standing as Member States. This same generalization applies to the United Nations. Starting with the proposition that the individual is a subject of the Law, this book not only analyses examples supporting this viewpoint, but it concentrates on the more important shortcomings, primarily those existing within the Council of Europe, the European Economic Community, and the United Nations. Therefore, recommendations are offered as to the specific improvements that must be made.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Implementing Man’s Natural Rights: The Developing International LawFailure at the International Level -- The Regional Approach -- Purpose of the Study -- The Natural Rights of Man -- II. The Development of Procedural Remedies -- From Antiquity to the Modern State -- The Status of the Individual under Roman Law -- Present Theories of Individual Procedural Status -- Other Subjects of the Law -- Early International Courts -- III. The Inter-War Period -- The U.S.-Mexican Mixed Claims Commission -- Mixed Claims Commissions -- Arbitral Tribunals -- IV. The Efforts of the United Nations -- Failure at the International Level -- International Labour Organization -- International Court of Justice -- V. The Council of Europe: Political Unification -- The Realization of an Ideal -- The Council of Europe and Unification -- The Individual and the Commission Convention of Human Rights -- Protection of States -- Regional Tribunals and the Individual Commission of Human Rights -- The Court of Human Rights -- Committee of Ministers -- The Individual as a Beneficiary -- Conclusions: Political Organizations -- VI. European Economic Organizations -- The Common Market -- Economic Integration of Europe -- The European Communities and the Individual -- Combined Community Court -- The Individual and the EEC -- The Role of the Court in an Expanding Legal System -- Treaty Texts and the Individual -- Article 177 and the Individual -- Court Decisions and Individual Rights -- Advisory Jurisdiction -- The Individual as a Beneficiary -- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development -- Conclusions: Economic Organizations -- VII. Conclusions -- Individual Right of Action -- Political and Economic Organizations Compared -- The Future Global Efforts -- International Court of Justice -- Private Undertakings -- Trend of World Law -- Table of Cases -- Subject Matter Index -- Index of Authorities.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789401509114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (225p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I. Historical Survey of the Treaty-Making Practice of International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Treaty-Making Practice in the Inter-War Period -- C. Development after the Second World War -- II. The Basis of the Treaty-Making Capacity of International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Constitutional Provisions -- C. International Personality -- D. The Implied Power Theory -- E. The Basis of Treaty-Making Capacity -- III. The Conclusion of Treaties -- A. Form of Agreements -- B. Constitutional Requirements — Limitation on the Treaty-Making Capacity of International Organizations -- C. Constitutional Requirements — Organs Competent to Conclude Treaties -- D. Procedure of Conclusion -- IV. Certain Kinds of Treaties -- A. Succession Agreements -- B. Relationship Agreements -- C. Institutional Treaties -- D. Trusteeship Agreements -- E. Technical Assistance Agreements -- F. UNICEF, Special Fund, and OPEX Agreements -- G. Loan and Guarantee Agreements -- H. Conclusion -- V. The Legal Character of Agreements Concluded by International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Legal Character in General -- C. Tests to Decide the Legal Character of An Agreement -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: Mter an international organization is established, if it is necessary for it to acquire certain rights or assume duties or new functions not provided in its constitution, there are four techniques to achieve that 1 end. The first is to amend the constitution of the organization. If the organization has only a limited number of members, then this technique is not too cumbersome. But, the procedure for amending a constitution is usually complicated and requires a substantial period of time. Thus this technique has at least the disadvantage of delay. 2 The second technique is to conclude a treaty among the member States of the organization. The organization is not a party to that treaty, but it can acquire some rights, assume some duties, or new functions under the treaty. 3 The disadvantage of this technique is similar to the first one, i. e. , the conclusion of a multilateral treaty may mean delay since the procedure involved is so complicated and cumber­ some. 1 E. g. , the Constitution of the ILO, Cmd. No. 393 (T. S. No. 4 of 1919), [1919] 13 Foreign ReI. U. S. : Paris Conf. 695 (1947), was amended on October 9, 1946,62 Stat. 3485, T. I. A. S. No. 1868, 15 U. N. T. S.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Historical Survey of the Treaty-Making Practice of International OrganizationsA. Introduction -- B. Treaty-Making Practice in the Inter-War Period -- C. Development after the Second World War -- II. The Basis of the Treaty-Making Capacity of International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Constitutional Provisions -- C. International Personality -- D. The Implied Power Theory -- E. The Basis of Treaty-Making Capacity -- III. The Conclusion of Treaties -- A. Form of Agreements -- B. Constitutional Requirements - Limitation on the Treaty-Making Capacity of International Organizations -- C. Constitutional Requirements - Organs Competent to Conclude Treaties -- D. Procedure of Conclusion -- IV. Certain Kinds of Treaties -- A. Succession Agreements -- B. Relationship Agreements -- C. Institutional Treaties -- D. Trusteeship Agreements -- E. Technical Assistance Agreements -- F. UNICEF, Special Fund, and OPEX Agreements -- G. Loan and Guarantee Agreements -- H. Conclusion -- V. The Legal Character of Agreements Concluded by International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Legal Character in General -- C. Tests to Decide the Legal Character of An Agreement -- Conclusions.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401187923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 522 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: One Diplomatic Relations, Functions and Privileges -- I. Historical Introduction -- II. Relations between Nations -- III. Establishment and Conduct of Diplomatic Relations -- IV. Functions of a Diplomatic Agent -- V. Diplomatic Immunities and Privileges -- VI. Position in Third States -- VII. Termination of a Mission -- Two Consular Functions, Immunities and Privileges -- VIII. Consular Relations in General -- IX. Consular Functions -- X. Consular Privileges and Immunities -- XI. Termination of Consular Functions and Position in Third States -- Three International Law — Selected Topics -- XII. Diplomatic Protection of Citizens Abroad -- XIII. Passport and Visas -- XIV. Asylum and Extradition -- XV. Commercial Activities of States and Immunities in Relation Thereto -- XVI. Recognition of States and Governments -- XVII. Treaty Making -- Appendices -- I. Extracts from the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 -- II. Extracts from the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 -- Agreements, Treaties and Conventions -- National Laws and Regulations.
    Abstract: It gives me great pleasure to write a foreword to :\1r. Sen's excellent book, and for two reasons in particular. In the first place, in producing it, Mr. Sen has done something vvhich I have long felt needed to be done, and which I at one time had am­ bitions to do myself. \Vhen, over thirty years ago, and after some years of practice at the Bar, I first entered the legal side of the British Foreign Service, I had not been working for long in the Foreign Office before I conceived the idea of writing - or at any rate compiling - a book to which (in my own mind) I gave the title of "A ~fanual of Foreign Office Law. " This work, had I ever produced it in the form in which I visualised it, could probably not have been published con­ sistently with the requirements of official discretion. But this did not worry me as I was only contemplating something for private circulation within the Service and in Government circles. :Mr. Sen's aim has been broader and more public-spirited than mine was; but its basis is essentially the same.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401195522
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Constitutional law. ; International law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- § 1. Basis and Function of Private International Law. Terminology -- § 2. The History of Private International Law in Sweden -- § 3. Sources of Swedish Private International Law -- II. The Material -- § 4. General Observations on the Nature of the Material -- § 5. External Substantive Rules -- § 6. The Choice of Law Rules -- § 7. Foreign Law -- III. How the Material is used -- § 8. General Remarks. The Stages of an International Action -- § 9. The Choice of Law -- § 10. The Applicable Law (lex causae) 186 Enquiry into the Rules of the lex causae -- § 11. Refusal to Apply the lex causae -- § 12. The Decision -- IV. The Swedish Conflict Rules — A Résumé -- § 13. The Personal Law -- § 14. Family Law. Inheritance -- § 15. Property Law -- V. Conflict Avoidance -- § 16. An Excursus -- Table of Swedish Cases.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to present to lawyers outside Sweden an introduction to Private International Law as applied in Sweden. As in the original Swedish version, (Internationell Privatriitt. Metod och Material, Stockholm 1962), emphazis is put on the structure and func­ tioning of conflict law, and the book does not attempt to present a comprehensive survey of Swedish conflict rules. A resume of these rules has, however, been included in the English edition. The author wants to express his thanks to those who have helped to make possible the publication of this book. Generous support was given by the Swedish State Council for Social Science Research. Dr. Stig Stromholm, Uppsala, prepared the translation into English of the original Swedish text. Some alterations were subsequently made in the, English version, including minor deletions of material which had ap­ peared in the Swedish original and the addition of some new material, including the whole of present chapter IV. The English text as a whole was finally revised by the author with the help, in the case of chapters I, IV, V and part of chapter II, of Mrs. Helen Moats Eek (Ph. D. , University of Chicago) and, in the case of chapter III and part of chapter II, of Mr. Richard Cox (B. Sc. Econ (Hons. ), F. R. Econ. Soc. ). Valua:ble assistance, particularly in the preparation of the bibliography and the index, was given also by Mr. Lars Lindgren (LL.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction§ 1. Basis and Function of Private International Law. Terminology -- § 2. The History of Private International Law in Sweden -- § 3. Sources of Swedish Private International Law -- II. The Material -- § 4. General Observations on the Nature of the Material -- § 5. External Substantive Rules -- § 6. The Choice of Law Rules -- § 7. Foreign Law -- III. How the Material is used -- § 8. General Remarks. The Stages of an International Action -- § 9. The Choice of Law -- § 10. The Applicable Law (lex causae) 186 Enquiry into the Rules of the lex causae -- § 11. Refusal to Apply the lex causae -- § 12. The Decision -- IV. The Swedish Conflict Rules - A Résumé -- § 13. The Personal Law -- § 14. Family Law. Inheritance -- § 15. Property Law -- V. Conflict Avoidance -- § 16. An Excursus -- Table of Swedish Cases.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (486p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Detailed Table of Contents -- 1. Introduction -- I. The Aims of the Project on International Procedure -- II. United States Procedures of International Cooperation in Litigation -- 2. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Austria -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Austria -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by Austria -- 3. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Belgium -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by Belgium -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Belgium -- 4. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Denmark -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Denmark -- III. Co-Operation Granted by Denmark -- 5. International Co-Operation in Litigation: England -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by England -- III. Co-Operation Sought by England -- 6. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Finland -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Finland -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by Finland -- 7. International Co-Operation in Litigation: France -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by France -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by France -- 8. International Co-Operation in Litigation: the Federal Republic of Germany -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Germany -- III. CO-Operation Granted by Germany -- 9. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Greece -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Greece -- III. Co-Operation Rendered in Greece -- 10. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Italy -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by Italy -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Italy -- 11. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Norway -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Norway -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Norway -- 12. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Portugal -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Portugal -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Portugal -- 13. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Spain -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Spain -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Spain -- 14. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Sweden -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Sweden -- III. Co-Operation Granted by Sweden -- 15. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Switzerland -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Provided by Switzerland -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Switzerland -- 16. International Co-Operation in Litigation: The Netherlands -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by the Netherlands -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by the Netherlands -- Appendix A. New Federal Statute -- I. An Act to Improve Judicial Procedures for Serving Documents, Obtaining Evidence, and Proving Documents in Litigation with International Aspects -- II. Report of the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives on the Bill -- Appendix B. New Federal Rules -- I. Rules 4(i), 26(c), and 28(b) of the Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts -- II. Proposed Amended Rule 44 and New Rule 44.1 of the Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts -- III. Proposed New Rule 26.1 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure for the United States District Courts -- Appendix C. Uniform Interstate and International Procedure Act.
    Abstract: The reports collected in this book were prepared at the initiative and under the auspices of the Project on International Procedure of the School of Law of Columbia University within the framework of its co-operation with the Commission on International Rules of Judicial Procedure, a body created by Act of Congress of September 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1743. The Commission is charged with studying domestic and foreign procedures of international co-operation in litigation with a view to suggesting improvements. Since June 1960, the Project has assisted the Commission in carrying out this statutorily assigned task. Work on the reports here presented was begun in the fall of 1960. The Project invoked the assistance of an active practitioner in each of the foreign countries se1ected and submitted to hirn an extensive questionnaire summarizing American procedures and posing detailed quest ions about foreign practices. The elaborate answers to these questionnaires provided the information on which the American co­ authors relied in drafting the English versions of the reports. By having proceeded in this fashion, the Project hopes to have prepared reports that reflect the knowledge and experience of the foreign practitioners and at the same time are drafted in terms intelligible to common law lawyers. Furthermore, to ensure that the reports would take due account of official views, in almost all instances, final drafts of the reports were submitted for comments and suggestions to appropriate foreign public officials.
    Description / Table of Contents: Detailed Table of Contents1. Introduction -- I. The Aims of the Project on International Procedure -- II. United States Procedures of International Cooperation in Litigation -- 2. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Austria -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Austria -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by Austria -- 3. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Belgium -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by Belgium -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Belgium -- 4. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Denmark -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Denmark -- III. Co-Operation Granted by Denmark -- 5. International Co-Operation in Litigation: England -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by England -- III. Co-Operation Sought by England -- 6. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Finland -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Finland -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by Finland -- 7. International Co-Operation in Litigation: France -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by France -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by France -- 8. International Co-Operation in Litigation: the Federal Republic of Germany -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Germany -- III. CO-Operation Granted by Germany -- 9. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Greece -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Greece -- III. Co-Operation Rendered in Greece -- 10. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Italy -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by Italy -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Italy -- 11. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Norway -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Norway -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Norway -- 12. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Portugal -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Portugal -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Portugal -- 13. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Spain -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Spain -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Spain -- 14. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Sweden -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Sweden -- III. Co-Operation Granted by Sweden -- 15. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Switzerland -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Provided by Switzerland -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Switzerland -- 16. International Co-Operation in Litigation: The Netherlands -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by the Netherlands -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by the Netherlands -- Appendix A. New Federal Statute -- I. An Act to Improve Judicial Procedures for Serving Documents, Obtaining Evidence, and Proving Documents in Litigation with International Aspects -- II. Report of the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives on the Bill -- Appendix B. New Federal Rules -- I. Rules 4(i), 26(c), and 28(b) of the Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts -- II. Proposed Amended Rule 44 and New Rule 44.1 of the Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts -- III. Proposed New Rule 26.1 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure for the United States District Courts -- Appendix C. Uniform Interstate and International Procedure Act.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401506991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 360 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. The acquisition of territory: the evolution of the modern concept -- 2. The acquisition of territory: the differing approach of academic and practising lawyers -- 3. The various modes of acquiring territory — Classification -- 4. Plan of the work -- II. Prescription in International Law -- 5. The distinction between acquisitive prescription and extinctive prescription -- 6. Prescription as a private law concept -- 7. Private law concepts in international law -- 8. Divergence of the definition of prescription between the continental and English legal systems -- 9. Prescription in municipal law — Roman law -- 10. Prescription in municipal law — English law -- 11. Prescription in municipal law — Conclusions -- 12. Doctrinal reasons for the existence of prescription in international law -- 13. The existence of prescription in international law ? Opinions of writers -- 14. The existence of prescription in international law — Judicial decisions rendered by international tribunals -- 15. The existence of prescription in international law — Judicial decisions rendered by municipal courts -- 16. The existence of prescription in international law — Practice of States -- III. Acquiescence as the Juridical Basis of an Historic Title -- 17. General -- 18. The creation of a customary rule of international law — The generality of practice and the time element -- 19. The creation of a customary rule of international law — Opinio jurisand acquiescence -- 20. The consensual basis of customary international law -- 21. Recognition and acquiescence -- 22. The role of the time element in the creation of special customary or “historic” rights -- 23. Some historic rights viewed as remainders of more extensive ancient rights -- 24. Non-exclusive historic rights -- 25. Acquiescence versus prescription as the legal basis of historic rights -- 26. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights — Opinions of writers -- 27. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights — Opinions of learned bodies -- 28. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights — Decisions of international tribunals -- 29. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights — Decisions of municipal courts -- 30. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights — State practice -- 31. Acquiescence and estoppel -- IV. The Requirements for the Formation of an Historic Title and its Constituent Elements -- 32. Introductory -- 33. Effective display of State authority — General -- 34. Effective display of State authority — The notion of continuity in respect of territorial situations -- 35. Effective display of State authority — Intention and will to act as sovereign -- 36. Effective display of State authority — Manifestations of State sovereignty -- 37. Effective display of State authority — Possession à titre de souverain -- 38. Acquiescence in the display of State authority — General -- 39. Acquiescence in the display of State authority — The meaning of “acquiescence” -- 40. Notoriety of territorial situations -- 41. Is notification a prerequisite of notoriety? -- 42. Constructive knowledge -- 43. The plea of excusable ignorance -- 44. The relevance of protest to the formation of an historic title -- 45. The conditions for the validity of a protest -- 46. Anticipatory protest -- 47. Protest as a bar to the acquisition of an historic title -- 48. The repetition of protest -- 49. The relevance of the protest of a single State -- 50. Lack of protest does not always indicate acquiescence -- 51. The geographical element in the formation of an historic title -- 52. The role of “legitimate interests” in the formation of an historic title -- 53. The role of the time element in the formation of an historic title -- V. Miscellaneous Problems of Interpretation and Evidence Relating to the Acquisition of an Historic Title -- 54. General -- 55. The application of intertemporal law in the interpretation of an historic title -- 56. The selection, of the “critical date” -- 56. 57. The relative strength of competing claims -- 58. The burden of proving an historic title -- 59. Strict geographical interpretation of an historic title -- VI. Juridical Aspects Specifically Related to the Formation of Maritime Historic Titles -- 60. General -- 61. The impact of the principle of the freedom of the high seas on the formation of maritime historic rights -- 62. What is international acquiescence? -- 63. Manifestations of State authority over maritime areas -- 64. Historic waters — Historic bays in general -- 65. Can multinational bays be claimed as historic bays? -- 66. The effects of territorial changes along the coast of a bay -- 67. Historic waters other than historic bays — Historic rights of delimitation -- 68. Historic waters other than historic bays — Water areas lying within and around island formations -- 69. Historic waters other than historic bays — Historic rights to a greater breadth of the territorial sea -- 70. The juridical status of historic waters — Historic waters are internal waters -- 71. The juridical status of historic waters — The distinction between internal inland waters and internal non-inland waters -- 72. The juridical status of historic waters — Multinational bays -- 73. Non-exclusive historic rights over maritime areas -- 74. Historic rights of fishing -- 75. Are claims to the sea-bed and subsoil of an “historic” character ? -- 76. Sedentary fisheries as historic rights -- VII. Conclusions -- 77. Consolidation as the legal root of historic titles -- 78. Critical appraisal of the doctrine of historic titles -- Appendix — Uti possidetis in international law -- Selected bibliography -- Index of Names -- General Indepc.
    Abstract: The question of Historic Titles in International Law has been much discussed in recent years. In particular, it was an issue of some im­ portance in several international arbitrations, such as the Gulf of Fon­ seca case, decided by the Central American Court of Justice; the Island of Palmas case, decided by Judge Huber as sole arbitrator, under the auspices of the Permanent Court of Arbitration; the case concerning the Legal Status rif Eastern Greenland before the Permanent Court of International Justice; and, more recently still, the cases concerning Fisheries (United Kingdom v. Norway); Minquiers and Ecrehos Islets (U nited Kingdom v. France) ; Certain Frontier Land (Belgium v. N ether­ lands); and Temple rif Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand), before the International Court of Justice. Historic Titles are probably also a re­ levant factor in a number of territorial disputes that have not yet been submitted to arbitration or judicial settlement. The recent controversies over the proper breadth for the territorial sea and the exclusive fishing limits of coastal States have brought to the fore new aspects of the problem.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction1. The acquisition of territory: the evolution of the modern concept -- 2. The acquisition of territory: the differing approach of academic and practising lawyers -- 3. The various modes of acquiring territory - Classification -- 4. Plan of the work -- II. Prescription in International Law -- 5. The distinction between acquisitive prescription and extinctive prescription -- 6. Prescription as a private law concept -- 7. Private law concepts in international law -- 8. Divergence of the definition of prescription between the continental and English legal systems -- 9. Prescription in municipal law - Roman law -- 10. Prescription in municipal law - English law -- 11. Prescription in municipal law - Conclusions -- 12. Doctrinal reasons for the existence of prescription in international law -- 13. The existence of prescription in international law ? Opinions of writers -- 14. The existence of prescription in international law - Judicial decisions rendered by international tribunals -- 15. The existence of prescription in international law - Judicial decisions rendered by municipal courts -- 16. The existence of prescription in international law - Practice of States -- III. Acquiescence as the Juridical Basis of an Historic Title -- 17. General -- 18. The creation of a customary rule of international law - The generality of practice and the time element -- 19. The creation of a customary rule of international law - Opinio jurisand acquiescence -- 20. The consensual basis of customary international law -- 21. Recognition and acquiescence -- 22. The role of the time element in the creation of special customary or “historic” rights -- 23. Some historic rights viewed as remainders of more extensive ancient rights -- 24. Non-exclusive historic rights -- 25. Acquiescence versus prescription as the legal basis of historic rights -- 26. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights - Opinions of writers -- 27. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights - Opinions of learned bodies -- 28. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights - Decisions of international tribunals -- 29. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights - Decisions of municipal courts -- 30. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights - State practice -- 31. Acquiescence and estoppel -- IV. The Requirements for the Formation of an Historic Title and its Constituent Elements -- 32. Introductory -- 33. Effective display of State authority - General -- 34. Effective display of State authority - The notion of continuity in respect of territorial situations -- 35. Effective display of State authority - Intention and will to act as sovereign -- 36. Effective display of State authority - Manifestations of State sovereignty -- 37. Effective display of State authority - Possession à titre de souverain -- 38. Acquiescence in the display of State authority - General -- 39. Acquiescence in the display of State authority - The meaning of “acquiescence” -- 40. Notoriety of territorial situations -- 41. Is notification a prerequisite of notoriety? -- 42. Constructive knowledge -- 43. The plea of excusable ignorance -- 44. The relevance of protest to the formation of an historic title -- 45. The conditions for the validity of a protest -- 46. Anticipatory protest -- 47. Protest as a bar to the acquisition of an historic title -- 48. The repetition of protest -- 49. The relevance of the protest of a single State -- 50. Lack of protest does not always indicate acquiescence -- 51. The geographical element in the formation of an historic title -- 52. The role of “legitimate interests” in the formation of an historic title -- 53. The role of the time element in the formation of an historic title -- V. Miscellaneous Problems of Interpretation and Evidence Relating to the Acquisition of an Historic Title -- 54. General -- 55. The application of intertemporal law in the interpretation of an historic title -- 56. The selection, of the “critical date” -- 56. 57. The relative strength of competing claims -- 58. The burden of proving an historic title -- 59. Strict geographical interpretation of an historic title -- VI. Juridical Aspects Specifically Related to the Formation of Maritime Historic Titles -- 60. General -- 61. The impact of the principle of the freedom of the high seas on the formation of maritime historic rights -- 62. What is international acquiescence? -- 63. Manifestations of State authority over maritime areas -- 64. Historic waters - Historic bays in general -- 65. Can multinational bays be claimed as historic bays? -- 66. The effects of territorial changes along the coast of a bay -- 67. Historic waters other than historic bays - Historic rights of delimitation -- 68. Historic waters other than historic bays - Water areas lying within and around island formations -- 69. Historic waters other than historic bays - Historic rights to a greater breadth of the territorial sea -- 70. The juridical status of historic waters - Historic waters are internal waters -- 71. The juridical status of historic waters - The distinction between internal inland waters and internal non-inland waters -- 72. The juridical status of historic waters - Multinational bays -- 73. Non-exclusive historic rights over maritime areas -- 74. Historic rights of fishing -- 75. Are claims to the sea-bed and subsoil of an “historic” character ? -- 76. Sedentary fisheries as historic rights -- VII. Conclusions -- 77. Consolidation as the legal root of historic titles -- 78. Critical appraisal of the doctrine of historic titles -- Appendix - Uti possidetis in international law -- Selected bibliography -- Index of Names -- General Indepc.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401188364
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (297p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Social legislation. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. the Contract of Employment -- I. Definitions -- II. Formation of the Contract of Employment -- III. Rights and Obligations of the Parties -- IV. Wages -- V. Lea on es and Holidays -- VI. Suspension, Frustration and Termination of the Contract of Employment -- VII. the Termination Gratuity -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: The contract of employment is the legal instrument which regulates the conditions of employment of the vast majority of the working 1 people of the world. More than any other civil contract based on mutual rights and obligations, this contract is characterised by the importance of its human elements. Sir William Blackstone once under­ lined the human and legal significance ofthe relationship, by classifying it immediately after the two great human relationships of husband and 2 wife and of parent and child. The contract is thus nationally and internationally important. In 1927 the International Labour Conference adopted a resolution "requesting the governing body of the Office to consider the possibility of placing the question of the general principles of contracts of employment on the agenda of a future session of the Conference. "3 This question was regrettably not followed up. The reason though not the justification, lies in the difficult task of limiting the bounds of the contract and of reconciling the different legal systems in the various countries. The effort spent by the LL. O. during the last few years towards the adoption of an international recommendation on the termination of the contract, which is yet to bear fruit, illustrates the difficulties involved. In the Arab countries the importance of the contract of employment was more felt since the introduction of industry thirty years ago.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. the Contract of Employment -- I. Definitions -- II. Formation of the Contract of Employment -- III. Rights and Obligations of the Parties -- IV. Wages -- V. Lea on es and Holidays -- VI. Suspension, Frustration and Termination of the Contract of Employment -- VII. the Termination Gratuity -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789401509893
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Privileges and Immunities in International Law -- I Foreign States -- II. The Legal Status of Armed Forces in Foreign Territory During Peacetime -- III. Public Vessels -- IV. Diplomatie Agents -- II. The Legal Status, Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations and their Headquarters -- (i) The legal basis of privileges and immunities of the Organizations -- (ii) Juridical personality and legal capacity of the Organizations -- (iii) Applicability of local laws within the headquarters of the Organizations -- (iv) Inviolability of the headquarters of the Organizations -- (v) Duty of the host State to ensure the protection of the head quarters of the Organizations -- (vi) Fiscal and other immunities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (vii) Communication facilities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (viii) Prevention of abuse of privileges and immunities by the Organizations -- III (A) Privileges and Immunities of the Officials of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Immunity from legal process -- (ii) Personal inviolability -- (iii) Exemption from national income taxation -- (iv) Exemption from national service obligations -- (v) Customs exemptions and import facilities -- (vi) Exemption from immigration restrictions and alien registration -- (vii) Exchange and repatriation facilities -- (viii) Travel facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- III(B) Privileges and Immunities of Executive Heads and other Senior Officials -- III(C) The Right of the Host State to Expel the Officials -- IV. Privileges and Immunities of Representatives of Member States to the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability and inviolability of papers and documents -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Freedom of communication -- (v) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (vi) Currency or exchange facilities -- (vii) Customs and other facilities -- (viii) Representatives of the nationality of the host State -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- (x) Resident or permanent representatives -- (xi) Right of the host State to expel the representatives -- V. Privileges and Immunities of Experts on Missions for the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Currency or exchange facilities -- (v) Inviolability of papers and documents -- (vi) Communication facilities -- (vii) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (viii) Travel and baggage facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- VI. Conclusions and Observations -- Cases.
    Abstract: The past century has been a period of revolutionary change in many fields of human activity, in institutions and in thought. This period has seen the need of adjustment of state institutions and legal concepts to the needs of greater international cooperation. During the half­ century preceding the First World War, cooperation by governments outside the traditional diplomatic channels and procedures was largely limited to highly technical organizations, commonly referred to as public international unions, dealing with such matters as the im­ provement of postal communications and the control of contagious diseases. With the establishment of the League of Nations and the International Labor Organization at the end of the First World War, organized international cooperation assumed greater importance and the need was recognized of giving to the instruments of such cooper­ ation legal status and rights which would facilitate the effective performance of their functions. This proved to be a difficult adjustment for legal theory to make since the enjoyment of special privileges and immunities had been based in traditional international law on the fiction of state sovereignty. The new international organizations, while performing functions of the kind performed by national govern­ ments, were far from possessing the powers of such governments. The failure of the League of Nations to achieve its major purpose did not signify any permanent decline in the role of organized inter­ national cooperation.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Privileges and Immunities in International LawI Foreign States -- II. The Legal Status of Armed Forces in Foreign Territory During Peacetime -- III. Public Vessels -- IV. Diplomatie Agents -- II. The Legal Status, Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations and their Headquarters -- (i) The legal basis of privileges and immunities of the Organizations -- (ii) Juridical personality and legal capacity of the Organizations -- (iii) Applicability of local laws within the headquarters of the Organizations -- (iv) Inviolability of the headquarters of the Organizations -- (v) Duty of the host State to ensure the protection of the head quarters of the Organizations -- (vi) Fiscal and other immunities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (vii) Communication facilities enjoyed by the Organizations -- (viii) Prevention of abuse of privileges and immunities by the Organizations -- III (A) Privileges and Immunities of the Officials of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Immunity from legal process -- (ii) Personal inviolability -- (iii) Exemption from national income taxation -- (iv) Exemption from national service obligations -- (v) Customs exemptions and import facilities -- (vi) Exemption from immigration restrictions and alien registration -- (vii) Exchange and repatriation facilities -- (viii) Travel facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- III(B) Privileges and Immunities of Executive Heads and other Senior Officials -- III(C) The Right of the Host State to Expel the Officials -- IV. Privileges and Immunities of Representatives of Member States to the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability and inviolability of papers and documents -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Freedom of communication -- (v) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (vi) Currency or exchange facilities -- (vii) Customs and other facilities -- (viii) Representatives of the nationality of the host State -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- (x) Resident or permanent representatives -- (xi) Right of the host State to expel the representatives -- V. Privileges and Immunities of Experts on Missions for the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations and Certain other International Organizations -- (i) Personal inviolability -- (ii) Immunity from legal process -- (iii) Freedom from taxation -- (iv) Currency or exchange facilities -- (v) Inviolability of papers and documents -- (vi) Communication facilities -- (vii) Exemption from immigration restrictions, alien registration and national service obligations -- (viii) Travel and baggage facilities -- (ix) Waiver of immunity -- VI. Conclusions and Observations -- Cases.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401763066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXI, 297 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789401192613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Nature of Legal Questions and Problems of handling them -- III. Questions relating to the Competence of the Security Council -- (A) Competence of the Council and Domestic Jurisdiction -- (B) Competence of the Council and Article 107 of the Charter -- (C) Competence of the Council and Article 52 of the Charter -- (D) Question of Functional Competence of the Council -- (E) Observations -- IV. Questions relating to Procedure of the Security Council: Voting -- (A) Scope of Double Veto -- (B) Double Veto and Presidential Ruling under Rule 30 -- (C) Effect of Abstention -- (D) Effect of Absence -- (E) Observations -- V. Questions relating to Substantive Rights and Duties of Parties -- (A) Corfu Channel Case -- (B) Egyptian Case -- (C) Trieste Case -- (D) Free Navigation through the Suez Canal Case -- (E) Suez Canal Company Case -- (F) Anglo-French Military Intervention -- (G) Cuban Crisis -- (H) Observations -- VI. Conclusions and Suggestions.
    Abstract: One respect in which the United Nations has departed most widely from the League of Nations in its practice has been the method adopted by the Security Coundl for handling legal questions that arise in connection with its work. While the League Coundl followed the practice of re­ ferring to the Permanent Court of International J ustice many questions of a legal nature arising in connection with its activities, including many that arose in connection with the handling of actual disputes, the Se­ curity Council of the United Nations has on no occasion requested an advisory opinion from the Court. All questions that have been sub­ mitted to the Court by organs of the United Nations have been sub­ mitted by the General Assembly. Nor has the Security Council, in the course of its activities, seen fit to rely on any other external body or even on a sub-committee of legal experts for the clarification of the issues of a legal nature that have arisen in the course of its deliberations. This attitude on the part of the Security Council was no doubt to some extent antidpated in the discussions that took place in con­ nection with the drafting of the Charter where great emphasis was placed upon the political nature of the responsibility of the Security Council and of its members for the maintenance of international peace and security.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. Nature of Legal Questions and Problems of handling them -- III. Questions relating to the Competence of the Security Council -- (A) Competence of the Council and Domestic Jurisdiction -- (B) Competence of the Council and Article 107 of the Charter -- (C) Competence of the Council and Article 52 of the Charter -- (D) Question of Functional Competence of the Council -- (E) Observations -- IV. Questions relating to Procedure of the Security Council: Voting -- (A) Scope of Double Veto -- (B) Double Veto and Presidential Ruling under Rule 30 -- (C) Effect of Abstention -- (D) Effect of Absence -- (E) Observations -- V. Questions relating to Substantive Rights and Duties of Parties -- (A) Corfu Channel Case -- (B) Egyptian Case -- (C) Trieste Case -- (D) Free Navigation through the Suez Canal Case -- (E) Suez Canal Company Case -- (F) Anglo-French Military Intervention -- (G) Cuban Crisis -- (H) Observations -- VI. Conclusions and Suggestions.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401194693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Institutional Setting -- II. Organization of the Court -- The Judges -- The Advocates-General -- Obligations and Rights -- The Registrar of the Court -- The Attachés of the Court -- The Chambers of the Court -- The Backgrounds of the Top Personnel of the Court -- III. The Jurisdiction of the Court -- Access to the Court -- Classification of Jurisdictional Powers -- A. The Court as an International Tribunal -- B. The Court as a Constitutional Tribunal -- C. The Court as an Administrative Tribunal -- D. The Civil Jurisdiction of the Court -- E. Miscellaneous Competences of the Court -- IV. Sources of Law -- V. Procedure -- The Written and Oral Phases of the Proceedings -- The Language Problem -- The Judgment -- Review of Judgments -- Enforcement of Judgments -- VI. Conclusions -- The Court’s Impact on the Formulation of Public Policy -- The Court’s Contribution to Political Integration -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: If the United States of Europe should become a reality in the future, it is highly probable that the Court of Justice of the European Communities, now sitting in Luxembourg, will be transformed into the supreme court of the new federation. Legal concepts and judicial traditions formed by the judges in Luxem­ bourg will then become a prominent part of the historical background of this new court. However, even now, during the process of economic intergration in Western Europe, the Court of the European Communities has been assuming an increasingly important role in the settlement of conflicts between economic and sometimes political interests. Moreover, through its more than hundred decisions, the Court has been developing a body of "European" case law which, in time, is likely to have favorable implications for the eventual political unification of Europe. This book is primarily intended as an introduction to the structure and functions of the Court of the European Communi­ ties. In this endeavor consideration has also been given to the forces and factors that might affect the judicial decisions of the Court and to the impact which such decisions might have upon economic enterprises and public policy in the Member states of the European Community, better known as the European Common Market.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Institutional SettingII. Organization of the Court -- The Judges -- The Advocates-General -- Obligations and Rights -- The Registrar of the Court -- The Attachés of the Court -- The Chambers of the Court -- The Backgrounds of the Top Personnel of the Court -- III. The Jurisdiction of the Court -- Access to the Court -- Classification of Jurisdictional Powers -- A. The Court as an International Tribunal -- B. The Court as a Constitutional Tribunal -- C. The Court as an Administrative Tribunal -- D. The Civil Jurisdiction of the Court -- E. Miscellaneous Competences of the Court -- IV. Sources of Law -- V. Procedure -- The Written and Oral Phases of the Proceedings -- The Language Problem -- The Judgment -- Review of Judgments -- Enforcement of Judgments -- VI. Conclusions -- The Court’s Impact on the Formulation of Public Policy -- The Court’s Contribution to Political Integration -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401508971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (233p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Civil law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I. The Nominating and Appointing Power -- Establishment of the Practice -- The Change in the President’s Authority -- Summary -- II. Historical Arguments for and Against the Use of the Special Agent -- Arguments Against the Use of Special Agents -- Arguments For the Use of Special Agents -- Summary -- III. The Question of Office -- Marshall’s Opinion -- Later Definitions of Office -- The Problem of Rank -- The Presidential Signature and the United States’ Seal -- The Contingent Fund -- Establishment of the Fund -- Summary -- IV. The President’s Appointing Power with Respect to Special Agents -- Early Attempts at Restrictions -- Restrictions Successfully Passed -- Restrictions With Respect to International Organizations -- The United Nations “Battle” -- Special Agents and the Question of Rank -- Summary -- V. Status of the Regular Diplomatic Agent under International Law -- Agréation -- La Lettre de Créance -- The Nature of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities -- Duration of Diplomatic Immunities -- Theories on the Basis of Diplomatic Immunity -- Who Receives Diplomatic Privileges and Immunity -- Who Decides the Question of Entitlement to Immunity -- The Basis for the Decision -- The Meaning of Function -- Responsibility for the Protection of Diplomats -- Responsibility for the Acts of a State’s Agents -- Functions of a Diplomat -- Diplomatic Agents Below the Rank of Ambassador -- Summary -- VI. Status of Miscellaneous Agents under International Law -- International Conferences -- International Organizations -- International Commissions -- Summary -- VII. Status of the Special Agent under International Law -- Special Secret Agents -- Special Public Agents -- The Establishment of Special Missions -- Privileges and Immunities -- Freedom of Movement and Communication -- Responsibility for the Protection of Special Agents -- Responsibility for the Acts of the Special Agent -- Functions of the Special Agent -- Summary -- VIII. Conclusions -- Municipal Law Aspect -- International Law Aspect -- Appendix A -- Representative List of Special Agents -- Appendix B -- Provisions for Appointing United States Delegates to International Organizations -- Appendix C -- Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations -- Appendix D -- The Agencies of Colonel House and Harry Hopkins -- Edward M. House -- House’s Background -- The Nature of the House-Wilson Relationship -- His Influence and Methods of Operation -- Five Missions Abroad -- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using House -- Summary -- Harry L. Hopkins -- Hopkins’ Background -- The Nature of the Hopkins-Roosevelt Relationship -- Five Missions Abroad -- His Influence and Methods of Operation -- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using Hopkins -- Summary.
    Abstract: The special diplomatic agent has played in the history of American foreign policy an important and, it is safe to say, unique role. The names of Colonel House and Harry Hopkins come, of course, right away to mind. But there have been others: John Quincy Adams, Ber­ nard M. Baruch, Henry Clay, Albert Gallatin, James Monroe, John Randolph, Daniel Webster, Wendell Wilkie, for instance. At the beginning of American history, the use of the special agent was primarily due to the scarcity of available talent. Later it was due to the low quality of many diplomatic representatives, chosen for political reasons and without regard for their diplomatic qualifications. More recently, the President has availed himself of the special agent in order to make sure that his will prevails in the conduct of American foreign policy. The institution of the special agent is indeed inseparable from the preeminent, contested and uncertain role the President plays in the determination of American foreign policy. Since the Constitution is silent on that point, the ultimate determi­ nation of American foreign policy has been throughout American history a subject ot controversy between the President and Congress.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Nominating and Appointing PowerEstablishment of the Practice -- The Change in the President’s Authority -- Summary -- II. Historical Arguments for and Against the Use of the Special Agent -- Arguments Against the Use of Special Agents -- Arguments For the Use of Special Agents -- Summary -- III. The Question of Office -- Marshall’s Opinion -- Later Definitions of Office -- The Problem of Rank -- The Presidential Signature and the United States’ Seal -- The Contingent Fund -- Establishment of the Fund -- Summary -- IV. The President’s Appointing Power with Respect to Special Agents -- Early Attempts at Restrictions -- Restrictions Successfully Passed -- Restrictions With Respect to International Organizations -- The United Nations “Battle” -- Special Agents and the Question of Rank -- Summary -- V. Status of the Regular Diplomatic Agent under International Law -- Agréation -- La Lettre de Créance -- The Nature of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities -- Duration of Diplomatic Immunities -- Theories on the Basis of Diplomatic Immunity -- Who Receives Diplomatic Privileges and Immunity -- Who Decides the Question of Entitlement to Immunity -- The Basis for the Decision -- The Meaning of Function -- Responsibility for the Protection of Diplomats -- Responsibility for the Acts of a State’s Agents -- Functions of a Diplomat -- Diplomatic Agents Below the Rank of Ambassador -- Summary -- VI. Status of Miscellaneous Agents under International Law -- International Conferences -- International Organizations -- International Commissions -- Summary -- VII. Status of the Special Agent under International Law -- Special Secret Agents -- Special Public Agents -- The Establishment of Special Missions -- Privileges and Immunities -- Freedom of Movement and Communication -- Responsibility for the Protection of Special Agents -- Responsibility for the Acts of the Special Agent -- Functions of the Special Agent -- Summary -- VIII. Conclusions -- Municipal Law Aspect -- International Law Aspect -- Appendix A -- Representative List of Special Agents -- Appendix B -- Provisions for Appointing United States Delegates to International Organizations -- Appendix C -- Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations -- Appendix D -- The Agencies of Colonel House and Harry Hopkins -- Edward M. House -- House’s Background -- The Nature of the House-Wilson Relationship -- His Influence and Methods of Operation -- Five Missions Abroad -- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using House -- Summary -- Harry L. Hopkins -- Hopkins’ Background -- The Nature of the Hopkins-Roosevelt Relationship -- Five Missions Abroad -- His Influence and Methods of Operation -- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using Hopkins -- Summary.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401509671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (426p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: One. Introduction -- One. The Problem of Bays in the Law of the Sea 3 Section A. National Sovereignty versus Freedom of the Seas -- Two. Terminology -- Two. The Bays within the Littoral of a Single State -- A. Development of the Law of Bays -- Three. Development from the Fall of Rome to 1800 -- Four. Development from 1800 to the Present -- Five. Efforts at Codification -- B. The Historic Bay -- Six. Hudson Bay, A Case Study -- Seven. The Concept of the Historic Bay -- Eight. Peter The Great Bay, A Current Issue -- Three. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Nine. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Four. Conclusions -- Ten. Conclusions: A proposed Codification for Bays.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to describe the problems posed in the formulation of international rules for bays at the present time, to investigate the history of the several interests that have influenced the development of such rules, to trace the efforts that have been made to codify the rules, and to suggest a further refinement of the rules. This book seeks to combine the fruits of the writer's experience as a navigator with those of his studies in international law, geography, history and economics. Although, after study and thought upon the subject, there is likely to arise an initial desire to write a work that is truly definitive, one must resign himself to something of lesser scope. That being so, there is, if anything, an increased demand upon the writer to exercise careful judgment in his research, and in his exposition of the subject. This writer can only hope that he has discharged this responsi­ bility to the degree that his efforts will have clarified some issues and that what he has set on paper may be of some assistance to others. This writer has attempted to be as objective as possible in his inter­ pretations, and he has made no attempt to defend the policy of any State. In so doing, he is weil aware of the fact that for broader policy reasons, some of the views expressed herein cannot be officiaily accept­ ed as bases for action.
    Description / Table of Contents: One. IntroductionOne. The Problem of Bays in the Law of the Sea 3 Section A. National Sovereignty versus Freedom of the Seas -- Two. Terminology -- Two. The Bays within the Littoral of a Single State -- A. Development of the Law of Bays -- Three. Development from the Fall of Rome to 1800 -- Four. Development from 1800 to the Present -- Five. Efforts at Codification -- B. The Historic Bay -- Six. Hudson Bay, A Case Study -- Seven. The Concept of the Historic Bay -- Eight. Peter The Great Bay, A Current Issue -- Three. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Nine. The Bay Within the Littoral of Two or More States -- Four. Conclusions -- Ten. Conclusions: A proposed Codification for Bays.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789401507226
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (207p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. The Individual and World Order -- The World Community and its Values -- International Law and Hostile Actions of Private Persons -- The Individual and the Peace and Security of Mankind -- One/State and Individual Responsibility -- II. The traditional law concerning the responsibility of the state for actions of private persons -- III. The Emerging Concept of Individual Liability -- Two/Some Hostile Actions of Private Persons against Foreign States -- IV. Organization of Hostile Military Expeditions -- V. Recruitment and Departure Of Volunteers -- VI. Revolutionary Activities and Hostile Propaganda -- VII. Invasion of Foreign Territory by Armed Bands -- VIII. Counterfeiting of Foreign Currency -- Three\Jurisdiction for the Punishment of Private Persons -- IX. So-Called Protective Jurisdiction of the Threatened Community -- X. International Criminal Jurisdiction as an Alternative -- XI. Summary and conclusions.
    Abstract: Mankind's preoccupation with survival in this age has given renewed impetus to the idea of a world community deeply concerned with the prevention of friction between nations. The achievement to date has been largely in terms of efforts to control acts of aggression committed by governments. Most people have assumed that the military rivalry between the great powers is the only threat confronting the world today. While readily conceding that this threat has placed mankind in a highly precarious situation, this book, on the other hand, reflects my conviction that any program designed to attain world peace will be significantly incomplete without the control of hostile actions which private persons have been known to commit against foreign nations. Experience shows that these actions not only endanger the good re­ lations between states, but are also likely to plunge the world com­ munity into wars, thus spreading destruction and human suffering everywhere.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Individual and World OrderThe World Community and its Values -- International Law and Hostile Actions of Private Persons -- The Individual and the Peace and Security of Mankind -- One/State and Individual Responsibility -- II. The traditional law concerning the responsibility of the state for actions of private persons -- III. The Emerging Concept of Individual Liability -- Two/Some Hostile Actions of Private Persons against Foreign States -- IV. Organization of Hostile Military Expeditions -- V. Recruitment and Departure Of Volunteers -- VI. Revolutionary Activities and Hostile Propaganda -- VII. Invasion of Foreign Territory by Armed Bands -- VIII. Counterfeiting of Foreign Currency -- Three\Jurisdiction for the Punishment of Private Persons -- IX. So-Called Protective Jurisdiction of the Threatened Community -- X. International Criminal Jurisdiction as an Alternative -- XI. Summary and conclusions.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401760546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 87 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401508636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (249p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Economic policy.
    Abstract: I. The Problem -- World Changes and their Ramifications -- Specific Changes -- The Search for a Solution -- II. The Origin of the Problem -- The Pre-Colonial Time -- The Colonial Period and the Rise of the Nationalist Movements -- World War II and the End of the Colonial Era -- III. The Asian States in the World Power Process -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Disputes -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Indonesia and the Law of the Sea -- Peaceful Coexistence -- IV. Conclusions -- The Attitudes of the New Asian States -- The Contribution of the New Asian States to the Development of International Law -- Further Developments -- Synoptical table of some Asian claims -- Maps -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Claims -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Base Lines of the Indonesian Waters.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The ProblemWorld Changes and their Ramifications -- Specific Changes -- The Search for a Solution -- II. The Origin of the Problem -- The Pre-Colonial Time -- The Colonial Period and the Rise of the Nationalist Movements -- World War II and the End of the Colonial Era -- III. The Asian States in the World Power Process -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Disputes -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Indonesia and the Law of the Sea -- Peaceful Coexistence -- IV. Conclusions -- The Attitudes of the New Asian States -- The Contribution of the New Asian States to the Development of International Law -- Further Developments -- Synoptical table of some Asian claims -- Maps -- The Burmese-Chinese Boundary Claims -- The Kashmir Conflict -- Base Lines of the Indonesian Waters.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401191036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Information technology—Law and legislation. ; Mass media—Law and legislation. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Architecture.
    Abstract: (i) Freedom of the Press -- (ii) Judicial opinions in India -- (iii) Judicial opinions in the United States -- (iv) Further judicial opinions in India -- I. Constitutional Provisions -- (i) Guarantee of freedom of expression -- (ii) Reasonableness of restrictions -- (iii) Prior restraints -- II. Sedition and Related Offences -- (i) The law of sedition in India -- (ii) Promoting feelings of enmity between different classes -- (iii) The Official Secrets Act, 1923 -- (iv) Endangering friendly relations with foreign states -- III. Public Order and Incitement to an Offence -- (i) Public order -- (ii) Incitement to an offence -- IV. Obscenity -- (i) What is obscene? -- (ii) Statutory provisions -- (d) The Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act -- (iii) Problems of application -- V. Contempt of Court and of Legislature -- (i) The law of contempt of Court -- (ii) Constitutional provisions -- (iii) Statutory provisions -- (iv) Procedure in contempt cases -- (v) Contempt of legislature -- VI. Defamation -- (i) Introductory remarks -- (ii) Civil liability -- (iii) Criminal liability -- (iv) Defamation of public servants -- (v) Suggested changes in the law of defamation -- VII. Conclusion -- (i) Article 19(2) of the Constitution -- (ii) The Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 -- (iii) Section 124A of the Penal Code -- (iv) Section 292 of the Penal Code -- (v) Section 295A of the Penal Code -- (vi) Contempt of Court -- (vii) Contempt of legislature.
    Abstract: This study is intended to present to the reader the main provisions of law affecting freedom of the press in India. It is specially concerned with examining how far freedom of the press obtains in free India. I t is proposed to discuss constitutional provisions and their application through various legislative measures with a view to seeing whether these provisions are sufficiently protective of this freedom. The intro­ ductory chapter attempts to indicate what is meant by freedom of the press. In the first chapter constitutional provisions are set out and discussed. The next five chapters deal, in the main, with statutory provisions relating to this freedom. The concluding chapter purports to make certain suggestions in relation to repeal or amendment of a few of these provisions. It may be mentioned that this study deals only with freedom of the press in normal times. The subject of civil liberties in India during a period of emergency has been dealt with in the present writer's doctoral thesis, Emergency Powers in the $tates of Southern Asia (London Uni­ versity, 1959) In the preparation of this study, I have benefited from the guidance and encouragement given by several persons and the assistance and facilities provided by various institutions. I wish to express my thanks to all of them.
    Description / Table of Contents: (i) Freedom of the Press(ii) Judicial opinions in India -- (iii) Judicial opinions in the United States -- (iv) Further judicial opinions in India -- I. Constitutional Provisions -- (i) Guarantee of freedom of expression -- (ii) Reasonableness of restrictions -- (iii) Prior restraints -- II. Sedition and Related Offences -- (i) The law of sedition in India -- (ii) Promoting feelings of enmity between different classes -- (iii) The Official Secrets Act, 1923 -- (iv) Endangering friendly relations with foreign states -- III. Public Order and Incitement to an Offence -- (i) Public order -- (ii) Incitement to an offence -- IV. Obscenity -- (i) What is obscene? -- (ii) Statutory provisions -- (d) The Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act -- (iii) Problems of application -- V. Contempt of Court and of Legislature -- (i) The law of contempt of Court -- (ii) Constitutional provisions -- (iii) Statutory provisions -- (iv) Procedure in contempt cases -- (v) Contempt of legislature -- VI. Defamation -- (i) Introductory remarks -- (ii) Civil liability -- (iii) Criminal liability -- (iv) Defamation of public servants -- (v) Suggested changes in the law of defamation -- VII. Conclusion -- (i) Article 19(2) of the Constitution -- (ii) The Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 -- (iii) Section 124A of the Penal Code -- (iv) Section 292 of the Penal Code -- (v) Section 295A of the Penal Code -- (vi) Contempt of Court -- (vii) Contempt of legislature.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401190824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (185p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I / Laying the Groundwork -- United States Preparation -- Dumbarton Oaks -- San Francisco -- The Executive Committee -- The Preparatory Commission and Advisory Group -- Completing the Transition -- II / Authorization of Programs: The Policy Organs -- The Fiscal Year -- Authorizations and their Regulation -- III / Formulation of Estimates: The Secretariat -- Organization for Fiscal Management -- The Form of Budget Presentation -- The Formulation Process -- IV / Examination of Estimates: The Advisory Committee -- Creation of the Committee -- Problems in the Committee’s Development -- The Advisory Committee and the Budget Process -- V / Approval and Appropriation: The Fifth Committee -- The Competence of the Fifth Committee -- General Budgetary Debate -- First Reading in the Fifth Committee -- Supplementary Estimates -- Second Reading and Committee Approval -- The General Assembly and Appropriations -- VI / Balancing the Budget: Revenues -- Apportionment of Expenditures -- Currency of Contributions -- Collections and Arrears -- Other Sources of Income -- VII / Budget Execution -- The Working Capital Fund -- The Powers of the Secretary-General -- Allotments -- Obligations and Payment: The Pre-Audit -- Internal Post-Audit -- Board of Auditors: The External Audit -- Composition and Scope of the Board -- Audit Procedure -- VIII / Financing the International Organization: Conclusions.
    Abstract: This is one those rare prefaces in which the author need not attempt to justify, or apologize for, the addition of another book to an already over­ burdened field. There is certainly no plethora of serious studies on inter­ national organization in general, and almost none dealing with the administrative aspects of such organization. More precisely, the author is not aware of a single comprehensive treatment of the finances of any international political organization, past or present. Over the years, many former Secretariat members of the League, the United Nations, and their affiliated agencies have come forth with either memoirs or general commentaries on their organizations. And frequently these works have included revealing, but brief, passages dealing with budg­ etary questions, yet none has dealt with these questions in any detailed or thorough fashion. It is unfortunate that this is so. Not that the fate of the world rides on the United Nations budget, or that matters of peace and war will be determined by the dollars and cents of the Secretary-General's estimates. Yet questions of real importance to many of the world's citizens are decided in the budgetary struggle. Until the policy decisions of the various organs are translated into budget items, there is no visiting mission to encourageTogoland's movement toward eventual self-govern­ ment, no cease-fire observer in the Middle East, no rehabilitation com­ mission in South Korea, and no public administration advisor in San­ tiago.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401749671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 75 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Criminal Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401509732
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Historical Background -- Section I: The Construction of the Canal. -- Section II: The First Years of the Canal -- Section III: The Canal under British Occupation -- Section IV: The Canal under Egyptian Control -- II. International Canals -- Section I: Definition -- Section II: The Establishment of the International Regime -- Section III: Legal Nature -- Section IV: Legal Consequences -- III. The Suez Canal from 1854 to 1888: The International Canal -- Section I: The Intention of the Sovereign -- Section II: The Regime of Internationality -- Section III: The Other Regimes -- IV. The Suez Canal from 1888 to 1956: The Neutralized Canal -- Section I: The New Regime -- Section II: Legal Effects of the Convention -- Section III: The Convention in the Practice of States -- Section IV: Legal Consequences -- V. The Suez Canal since 1956: The Nationalized Canal -- Section I: Legal Character of the Canal Company -- Section II: Effects of Nationalization on the Legal Regime of the Canal -- Section III: Legal Guarantees Concerning the International Regime -- Conclusion: The Future -- Appendix A: The Concession of 1856 -- Appendix B: The Constantinople Convention of 1888 -- Appendix C: Security Council’s Resolution of October 13, 1956 -- Appendix D: Egyptian Declaration of April 24, 1957.
    Abstract: At the turn of the century, a definitive history of the Suez Canal by Charles-Roux, L'Isthme et le Canal de Suez, listed in its bibliogra­ phy 1499 items on this major interoceanic waterway. A conservative estimate would probably set at double, treble, or quadruple this number the notes and studies on the Suez Canal which have been published since 1901. A word of explanation about a further work on the Canal may therefore be called for. Throughout its history the Suez Canal has been the focus of con­ troversy and conflict, arising out of attempts to control this crucial point on the sea passage linking Europe with the east coast of Africa, India, the Far East and Australasia. Much of this troubled history yields more readily to political than to legal analysis. The most important single legal question about the Canal concerns the dimen­ sions of the right of free passage. That question has become of grave concern to the entire world community only with the war between the Arab States and Israel and the short-lived conflict of 1956-57 between France, Great Britain, and Israel on the one hand and Egypt on the other.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Historical BackgroundSection I: The Construction of the Canal. -- Section II: The First Years of the Canal -- Section III: The Canal under British Occupation -- Section IV: The Canal under Egyptian Control -- II. International Canals -- Section I: Definition -- Section II: The Establishment of the International Regime -- Section III: Legal Nature -- Section IV: Legal Consequences -- III. The Suez Canal from 1854 to 1888: The International Canal -- Section I: The Intention of the Sovereign -- Section II: The Regime of Internationality -- Section III: The Other Regimes -- IV. The Suez Canal from 1888 to 1956: The Neutralized Canal -- Section I: The New Regime -- Section II: Legal Effects of the Convention -- Section III: The Convention in the Practice of States -- Section IV: Legal Consequences -- V. The Suez Canal since 1956: The Nationalized Canal -- Section I: Legal Character of the Canal Company -- Section II: Effects of Nationalization on the Legal Regime of the Canal -- Section III: Legal Guarantees Concerning the International Regime -- Conclusion: The Future -- Appendix A: The Concession of 1856 -- Appendix B: The Constantinople Convention of 1888 -- Appendix C: Security Council’s Resolution of October 13, 1956 -- Appendix D: Egyptian Declaration of April 24, 1957.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789401770446
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 275 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401195706
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Constitutional law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: A. Legal Advice -- I. The Opinion Function -- II. Requests -- III. Formulation -- IV. Legal Force -- V. Practical Effect -- VI. Politics -- B. Opinions on the Law of Nations -- VII. Relation to Municipal Law -- VIII. International Status -- IX. Territory and Nationality -- X. Jurisdiction -- XI. Diplomatic and Consular Relations -- XII. International Agreements -- XIII. International Reclamation -- XIV. Neutrality -- XV. War -- Conclusions -- List of Attorneys General -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: The scope of this study is not as broad as its title might indicate. The Attorney General of the United States performs several functions that affect in one way or another the relations of the United States with foreign nations. But this study focuses mainly on only one of these, namely, the duty of the Attorney General to provide legal opinions to various officers of the federal government. The reasons for undertaking a study of those opinions of the Attorney General especially relating to international law and practice are set forth in the Introduction, and will not be com­ mented upon here. In like manner, the problems of method, sources and coverage encountered in the course of inquiry are discussed at appropriate points in the text. Much of the material used herein is based on the research done in connection with my doctoral dissertation, accepted by Duke University in 1951. I am indebted to the Duke University Council on Graduate Instruction and to the Tulane University Council on Research for substantial material aid which made possible both further research in connection with this study and its appearance in monograph form .
    Description / Table of Contents: A. Legal AdviceI. The Opinion Function -- II. Requests -- III. Formulation -- IV. Legal Force -- V. Practical Effect -- VI. Politics -- B. Opinions on the Law of Nations -- VII. Relation to Municipal Law -- VIII. International Status -- IX. Territory and Nationality -- X. Jurisdiction -- XI. Diplomatic and Consular Relations -- XII. International Agreements -- XIII. International Reclamation -- XIV. Neutrality -- XV. War -- Conclusions -- List of Attorneys General -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401189156
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 197 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Administrative law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: was discussed by the Institut de Droit International at Siena 1 and recently, in 1954, it was the principal item of the meeting of the Netherlands Branch of the International Law Association 2. This study aims at contributing to the not too extensive literature on the subject. 11. BACKGROUND One cannot consider law and justice without considering at the same time the people whom they concern. And people again cannot be imagined without feelings, political and social views, and economic interests. The law could not exist without such a background. The history of various acts of confiscation in the twentieth century proves the enormous importance of the back­ ground underlying these problems. Russian confiscations are in the light of the Bolshevist doctrine only becoming intelligible of revolution; the M exicanization of the oil industry is in keeping with Mexican social development preceding it; the confiscations which took place in Germany under the Nazi regime must be understood as the outcome of a certain ideology; unfortunately confiscations due to operations in time of war are self-explana­ tory. A single school of thought governs each one alike: rights of individuals are considered of less and less importance. It was not by chance that the infringement of private property, notably in the great political upheavals, often went hand in hand with a dedining interest in the protection of the individual freedom. Where the state infringes the proprietary rights of individuals, it will even more readily do the same as regards personal freedom.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192163
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Evolution of the International Trusteeship System -- 1. Origin of the Idea -- 2. Inception of the International Mandates -- 3. Inter-War Years -- 4. International Trusteeship in Embryo -- 5. Evaluation -- III. Drafting of the Mandates and Trusteeship Articles -- 1. The Paris and San Francisco Conferences -- 2. Compromises in the Two Systems -- 3. Framing of the Mandates and Trusteeship Article -- 4. Role of the Powers -- 5. Reception of the Two Systems -- IV. Establishment of the Two Systems -- 1. The Interregnum -- 2. Submission of the Territories -- 3. Drafting of the Trusteeship Agreements -- 4. Approval of the Trust Agreements -- 5. Mandates and Trusteeship Texts -- 6. The Inauguration of the Two Systems -- V. The Territorial Application of the Two Systems -- 1. Territories Under Mandate -- 2. Territories Detached from the Enemy States -- 3. Territories Voluntarily Placed Under the System -- 4. Evaluation -- VI. The Agencies of International Supervision -- 1. The General Assembly -- 2. The Security Council -- 3. The International Court of Justice -- 4. The International Secretariat -- VII. The Permanent Mandates Commission and the Trusteeship Council -- 1. Composition of the Commission and the Council -- 2. Organization of the Commission and the Council -- 3. Functions and Powers of the Commission and the Council -- 4. The Specialized Agencies -- VIII. Operation of the International Trusteeship System I -- 1. The Problem of Sovereignty Over Mandated and Trust Territories -- 2. General Questions Affecting Trust Territories -- 3. Special Questions Affecting Trust Territories -- IX. Operation of the International Trusteeship System II -- 1. Political Advancement -- 2. Economic Advancement -- 3. Social Advancement -- 4. Educational Advancement -- X. Conclusion -- I. Population of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in 1954 -- II. Territorial Distribution of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in 1954 -- III. Distribution of the Mandated and Trust Territories -- IV. Composition of the Visiting Missions, 1947–1955 -- V. Educational Advancement in Trust Territories -- Organization of the Department of Trusteeship and Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories -- Selected Bibliography -- Tables -- Chart.
    Abstract: Bismarck once said: "I do not want any colonies at all. Their only use is to provide sinecures. That is all England at present gets out of her colonies, and Spain too. And as for us Gennans, colonies would be exactly like the silks and sables of the Polish nobleman who had no shirt to wear under them. " 1 It may be debated whether Bismarck was right or wrong, but the subsequent course of history e. g. , the Anglo­ French rivalry in Egypt, the Sino-Japanese war of 1894-1895, the Spa­ nish-American war of 1898, the Boer war of 1899-1902, the Russo­ Japanese war of 1904-1905, the Morocco crisis of 1906, the Turco­ Italian war of 1911, showed that the colonial territories, which were often treated as pawns in the diplomatic game for power, prestige, and markets were potential causes of war. 2 The chief cause of modern wars, if Hobson's analysis is accepted, is the competitive struggle of modern nations for economic privileges of one kind or another for powerful financial and trading groups of their 3 nationals. The keen desire of the Colonial Powers to acquire new mar­ kets and sources of raw materials by diplomatic pressure or force have been, according to him, "the chief directing influences in foreign policy, the chief causes of competing armaments, and the pennanent under­ lying menaces to peace.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. Evolution of the International Trusteeship System -- 1. Origin of the Idea -- 2. Inception of the International Mandates -- 3. Inter-War Years -- 4. International Trusteeship in Embryo -- 5. Evaluation -- III. Drafting of the Mandates and Trusteeship Articles -- 1. The Paris and San Francisco Conferences -- 2. Compromises in the Two Systems -- 3. Framing of the Mandates and Trusteeship Article -- 4. Role of the Powers -- 5. Reception of the Two Systems -- IV. Establishment of the Two Systems -- 1. The Interregnum -- 2. Submission of the Territories -- 3. Drafting of the Trusteeship Agreements -- 4. Approval of the Trust Agreements -- 5. Mandates and Trusteeship Texts -- 6. The Inauguration of the Two Systems -- V. The Territorial Application of the Two Systems -- 1. Territories Under Mandate -- 2. Territories Detached from the Enemy States -- 3. Territories Voluntarily Placed Under the System -- 4. Evaluation -- VI. The Agencies of International Supervision -- 1. The General Assembly -- 2. The Security Council -- 3. The International Court of Justice -- 4. The International Secretariat -- VII. The Permanent Mandates Commission and the Trusteeship Council -- 1. Composition of the Commission and the Council -- 2. Organization of the Commission and the Council -- 3. Functions and Powers of the Commission and the Council -- 4. The Specialized Agencies -- VIII. Operation of the International Trusteeship System I -- 1. The Problem of Sovereignty Over Mandated and Trust Territories -- 2. General Questions Affecting Trust Territories -- 3. Special Questions Affecting Trust Territories -- IX. Operation of the International Trusteeship System II -- 1. Political Advancement -- 2. Economic Advancement -- 3. Social Advancement -- 4. Educational Advancement -- X. Conclusion -- I. Population of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in 1954 -- II. Territorial Distribution of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in 1954 -- III. Distribution of the Mandated and Trust Territories -- IV. Composition of the Visiting Missions, 1947-1955 -- V. Educational Advancement in Trust Territories -- Organization of the Department of Trusteeship and Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories -- Selected Bibliography -- Tables -- Chart.
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  • 73
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401187985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. General Philosophical Background -- A. The 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries -- B. The 19th and 20th Centuries -- II. The Latin American Writers of the Nineteenth Century -- A. The Positivists -- B. The Eclectics -- C. The Naturalists -- D. Juan Bautista Alberdi -- E. Miscellany -- Conclusions -- III. The Writers of the Twentieth Century -- I -- II -- IV American International Law -- A. An Historical Survey -- B. The Thesis of Alejandro Alvarez -- C. Opposition to the Alvarez Thesis, and General Latin American Opinion -- Conclusions -- Summary and Conclusions.
    Abstract: One of the most unfortunate facts about the relationship of the United States with Latin America is that only in recent years has there been any appreciable amount of intellectual interchange with reference to law. This, of course, is an example of the relative lack of cultural exchange between these peoples. Only in very recent years has the North American interest in Latin America been in any sense general and active. While there are a few recent volumes which discuss various aspects of Latin American law in a fashion calculated to interest the North American lawyer and academician, the Latin American contributions to and attitudes toward international law are virtually unknown in the United States except in very restricted quarters. For this reason it was thought that a survey such as the one presented here would contribute not only to a better under­ standing of Latin American juristic thought as pertaining to international law, but also to a better comprehension of legal theory in general, and of Latin American culture as a whole. The phase of the philosophy of international law which, with reference to the regional application here studied, has been the major interest in this work, i.e., whether writers rely more on naturalism or positivism as the philosophical foundation of the law of nations, is, like the matter of Latin American law itself, a subject which has been neglected by North American scholars.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. General Philosophical BackgroundA. The 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries -- B. The 19th and 20th Centuries -- II. The Latin American Writers of the Nineteenth Century -- A. The Positivists -- B. The Eclectics -- C. The Naturalists -- D. Juan Bautista Alberdi -- E. Miscellany -- Conclusions -- III. The Writers of the Twentieth Century -- I -- II -- IV American International Law -- A. An Historical Survey -- B. The Thesis of Alejandro Alvarez -- C. Opposition to the Alvarez Thesis, and General Latin American Opinion -- Conclusions -- Summary and Conclusions.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401509251
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (273p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: The Creation of the Court of Justice -- I. The Ratification Debates -- Views Expressed upon the Function of the Court -- The Nature of the Court -- Criticisms brought against the Court -- Opinions upon the Value of Appeals to the Court -- Opinions expressed upon Articles of the Treaty -- II. The Organisation of the Court -- The Judges -- The President of the Court -- The Chambers of the Court -- The Presidents of the Two Chambers -- The Juge Rapporteur -- Disqualifications -- Immunities -- The Ending of the Term of Office of a Judge -- The Advocates General -- The Registrar -- The Rapporteurs Adjoints -- The Attachés to the Court -- III. The Competence of the Court -- Categories of Competence granted to the Court -- An Analysis of the Competence of the Court -- IV. The Procedure of the Court -- Sessions and Deliberations of the Court -- The Vacations of the Court -- The Official Languages of the Court -- Representation -- The Submission of the Request -- The Written Procedure -- Third Party Intervention -- Preliminary Pleas of Defence -- The Instruction -- Witnesses and Experts before the Court -- The Oral Procedure -- The Judgement of the Court -- Corrections of the Judgement -- The Interpretation of the Judgement -- Judgements against a Defaulting Party -- Summary Procedure -- Actions concerning the Validity of the Délibérations of the High Authority -- The Amendment of the Powers of the High Authority -- The Withdrawal of a Case -- Costs -- Procedural Time Periods and Limitations -- Notifications -- V. Cases Before the Court -- L’Union des Armateurs Allemands and others v. The High Authority -- Bunkerfirmen-Vereinigung v. The High Authority -- The Government of the French Republic v. The High Authority -- The Government of His Majesty the King of Belgium v. The High Authority -- The Government of the French Republic v. The High Authority -- The Government of the Italian Republic v. The High Authority -- L’Association ASSIDER v. The High Authority -- L’Association ISA v. The High Authority -- Société Anonyme de Charbonnages Réunis de la Minerie v. The High Authority -- The Government of the Netherlands v. The High Authority -- VI. The Proposed Future Development of the Court -- a. Proposed Extensions of Jurisdiction under the European Defence Community Treaty -- b. Extensions of Jurisdiction under the European (Political) Community Treaty -- Appendix I. The Ratification of the Treaty Instituting the European Coal and Steel Community -- a. Voting in the National Parliaments of the Six Member States -- b. Documents concerned with the Preliminary Discussions upon the Schuman Plan -- Appendix II. The Decisions and Recommendations of the High Authority — Arts. 33 and 35 of the Treaty -- A. Duties imposed upon the High Authority to take a Decision or formulate a Recommendation -- B. Powers granted to the High Authority to take a Decision or formulate a Recommendation -- Appendix III. Pecuniary Sanctions and Daily Penalty Payments — Art. 36 of the Treaty -- Appendix IV. Délibérations of the Common Assembly — Art. 38 of the Treaty -- Appendix V. Délibérations of the Special Council of Ministers — Art. 38 of the Treaty -- a. Decisions having Executory Force -- b. Agreement to Action Proposed by the High Authority -- c. Consultation with the High Authority -- Appendix VI. Posobligations Imed Upon Member States — Art. 88 of the Treaty -- Appendix VII. The Budget of The Court, 1954–1955.
    Abstract: THE CREATION OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY On 9th May, 1950, M. Robert Schuman, the then Foreign Minister of France, speaking at a Press Conference in Paris, outlined the idea of establishing a Community within Europe to control the production of coal and steel. "The French Govern­ ment", he stated, "propose to place the whole of the Franco­ German production of coal and steel under a common high authority! within an organisation open to the participatio~ of other countries of Europe ... This will form the first concrete step towards a European Federation, which is indispensable for peace" 2. This statement, apart from the specific mention of a high authority, does not mention any proposed organs of such a Community, and, as will appear, no firm idea of the Community's structure existed at all at that date. Six weeks after this announcement in Paris, a Conference composed of the six States that were to form the Coal and Steel 4 Community3 met under the presidency of M. Monnet • This Conference continued its work "consciencieux et discret, rue 5 Martignac" until March, 1951 • The first reference that one finds to a judicial organ to control the activity of the Community is contained in the document sub­ mitted by the Commissariat general au Plan 6. When compared with 1 The term is given in small letters as a description rather than as a title. 2 Bulletin Q.uotidien, 11th May, 1950.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Creation of the Court of JusticeI. The Ratification Debates -- Views Expressed upon the Function of the Court -- The Nature of the Court -- Criticisms brought against the Court -- Opinions upon the Value of Appeals to the Court -- Opinions expressed upon Articles of the Treaty -- II. The Organisation of the Court -- The Judges -- The President of the Court -- The Chambers of the Court -- The Presidents of the Two Chambers -- The Juge Rapporteur -- Disqualifications -- Immunities -- The Ending of the Term of Office of a Judge -- The Advocates General -- The Registrar -- The Rapporteurs Adjoints -- The Attachés to the Court -- III. The Competence of the Court -- Categories of Competence granted to the Court -- An Analysis of the Competence of the Court -- IV. The Procedure of the Court -- Sessions and Deliberations of the Court -- The Vacations of the Court -- The Official Languages of the Court -- Representation -- The Submission of the Request -- The Written Procedure -- Third Party Intervention -- Preliminary Pleas of Defence -- The Instruction -- Witnesses and Experts before the Court -- The Oral Procedure -- The Judgement of the Court -- Corrections of the Judgement -- The Interpretation of the Judgement -- Judgements against a Defaulting Party -- Summary Procedure -- Actions concerning the Validity of the Délibérations of the High Authority -- The Amendment of the Powers of the High Authority -- The Withdrawal of a Case -- Costs -- Procedural Time Periods and Limitations -- Notifications -- V. Cases Before the Court -- L’Union des Armateurs Allemands and others v. The High Authority -- Bunkerfirmen-Vereinigung v. The High Authority -- The Government of the French Republic v. The High Authority -- The Government of His Majesty the King of Belgium v. The High Authority -- The Government of the French Republic v. The High Authority -- The Government of the Italian Republic v. The High Authority -- L’Association ASSIDER v. The High Authority -- L’Association ISA v. The High Authority -- Société Anonyme de Charbonnages Réunis de la Minerie v. The High Authority -- The Government of the Netherlands v. The High Authority -- VI. The Proposed Future Development of the Court -- a. Proposed Extensions of Jurisdiction under the European Defence Community Treaty -- b. Extensions of Jurisdiction under the European (Political) Community Treaty -- Appendix I. The Ratification of the Treaty Instituting the European Coal and Steel Community -- a. Voting in the National Parliaments of the Six Member States -- b. Documents concerned with the Preliminary Discussions upon the Schuman Plan -- Appendix II. The Decisions and Recommendations of the High Authority - Arts. 33 and 35 of the Treaty -- A. Duties imposed upon the High Authority to take a Decision or formulate a Recommendation -- B. Powers granted to the High Authority to take a Decision or formulate a Recommendation -- Appendix III. Pecuniary Sanctions and Daily Penalty Payments - Art. 36 of the Treaty -- Appendix IV. Délibérations of the Common Assembly - Art. 38 of the Treaty -- Appendix V. Délibérations of the Special Council of Ministers - Art. 38 of the Treaty -- a. Decisions having Executory Force -- b. Agreement to Action Proposed by the High Authority -- c. Consultation with the High Authority -- Appendix VI. Posobligations Imed Upon Member States - Art. 88 of the Treaty -- Appendix VII. The Budget of The Court, 1954-1955.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401507202
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I — Interim Protection in Procedural Science -- (a) Substantive and procedural norms -- (b) Character and content of procedural norms -- (c) Remedies pendente lite distinguished from similar legal institutions -- (d) Types of measures pendente lite -- (e) Application in international law -- II — Interim Protection in Internal Law -- (a) Roman and mediaeval law -- (b) Modern legislations -- III — Interim Protection in International Law -- (a) International law as part of the law of the land -- (b) Express treaty provisions -- (c) Interim protection in the absence of express norms -- Annexes.
    Description / Table of Contents: I - Interim Protection in Procedural Science(a) Substantive and procedural norms -- (b) Character and content of procedural norms -- (c) Remedies pendente lite distinguished from similar legal institutions -- (d) Types of measures pendente lite -- (e) Application in international law -- II - Interim Protection in Internal Law -- (a) Roman and mediaeval law -- (b) Modern legislations -- III - Interim Protection in International Law -- (a) International law as part of the law of the land -- (b) Express treaty provisions -- (c) Interim protection in the absence of express norms -- Annexes.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401510196
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Object and Scheme of the Work. -- My object -- Mankind as a community de facto -- Mankind as a juridical community -- The unity of international law -- Scheme of the system -- The positive rules of the law of war -- The egotism of the States -- The burden of the subject-matter -- The causticity of some of the materials -- The use of a language -- II. The System -- First Part Public International Law -- First Section. The General Direction of Public Affairs -- Second Section. The Sources of Intenrational Law -- Third Section. Goods Destined, Although Only in General, for the Common Use of Mankind -- Fourth Section. Taxation -- Fifth Section. Public Welfare as a Matter of Offical Care -- Sixth Section. Prevention of Social Evil -- Seventh Section. Punishment -- Eigth Section. Jurisdiction -- Ninth Section. Arbiration and Judiciary -- Second Part of the System. Private international law -- III. A Few Considerations on the Positive Law of War -- The positive nature of the law of war -- The dogma of the righteous causes of war -- The causes of the development of customary rules, concerning warfare -- The first customary rule: “Not all means/to injure a foe are allowed” -- The secund customary rule: “Private individuals ought as a rule, but as a rule with exceptions, to be exempted from warlike harm.” -- The third customary rule : “Neutrals have rights and duties.” -- Consequence of the lack of precision of the customary rules -- The codification of the law of war -- A short digression to the domain of feelings -- The principle of the nationalities -- The national feeling inflated to passion -- The races of men -- The religious feeling and the religions -- Social-political parties -- Synopsis of the principal causes of war, connected with the realm of feelings -- The reduction of the number of wars -- Huma-nization of the war -- Disappearance of the war -- IV. Synopsis of My Conclusions -- A glance back at my starting point -- The aim of my work -- My method -- My results -- National selfishness -- The war -- Corrigendum: Page 44, lines 19 and 25, for 14 read 15.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Object and Scheme of the Work.My object -- Mankind as a community de facto -- Mankind as a juridical community -- The unity of international law -- Scheme of the system -- The positive rules of the law of war -- The egotism of the States -- The burden of the subject-matter -- The causticity of some of the materials -- The use of a language -- II. The System -- First Part Public International Law -- First Section. The General Direction of Public Affairs -- Second Section. The Sources of Intenrational Law -- Third Section. Goods Destined, Although Only in General, for the Common Use of Mankind -- Fourth Section. Taxation -- Fifth Section. Public Welfare as a Matter of Offical Care -- Sixth Section. Prevention of Social Evil -- Seventh Section. Punishment -- Eigth Section. Jurisdiction -- Ninth Section. Arbiration and Judiciary -- Second Part of the System. Private international law -- III. A Few Considerations on the Positive Law of War -- The positive nature of the law of war -- The dogma of the righteous causes of war -- The causes of the development of customary rules, concerning warfare -- The first customary rule: “Not all means/to injure a foe are allowed” -- The secund customary rule: “Private individuals ought as a rule, but as a rule with exceptions, to be exempted from warlike harm.” -- The third customary rule : “Neutrals have rights and duties.” -- Consequence of the lack of precision of the customary rules -- The codification of the law of war -- A short digression to the domain of feelings -- The principle of the nationalities -- The national feeling inflated to passion -- The races of men -- The religious feeling and the religions -- Social-political parties -- Synopsis of the principal causes of war, connected with the realm of feelings -- The reduction of the number of wars -- Huma-nization of the war -- Disappearance of the war -- IV. Synopsis of My Conclusions -- A glance back at my starting point -- The aim of my work -- My method -- My results -- National selfishness -- The war -- Corrigendum: Page 44, lines 19 and 25, for 14 read 15.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401768160
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 191 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Philosophy.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401576017
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (83 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science. ; International law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Comparative law.
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