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  • 1990-1994  (150)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (150)
  • Science—Philosophy.  (81)
  • Humanities  (73)
  • Knowledge, Theory of.  (43)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The general view of Russell's work among philosophers has been that repeatedly, during his long and distinguished career, crucial changes of mind on fundamental points were significant enough to cause him to successively adopt a diversity of radically new philosophical positions. Thus, Russell is seen to have embraced and then abandoned, amongst others, neo-Hegelianism, Platonic realism, phenomenalism and logical atomism, before settling finally on a form of neutral monism that philosophers have generally found to be incredible. However, in recent years there have been signs of increasing awareness that the extent to which Russell was prone to change philosophical position may have been greatly exaggerated. This book represents the first detailed attempt to trace the fundamental unity that lies within all of Russell's philosophical work, as well as the reasons behind those limited orderly changes that did, in fact, occur within it. The main thesis of the book is that there is a lot more continuity in Russell's philosophy than has been usually acknowledged, and that the major changes that do occur are much more orderly than Russell's reputation for erratically changing his views allows. Drawing on a wide selection of Russell's own statements, a general account of Russellian analysis is developed which shows it to have a highly organised structure, which he consistently applies throughout all of his post-idealist philosophising. This book is addressed primarily to serious students of Russell's philosophy, and is suitable for use in both postgraduate and undergraduate courses on Russell's philosophy generally, on specific aspects of his work, or on analytic philosophy in the twentieth century. However, the book is written clearly enough to be read by the many general readers interested in finding out more about Russell's philosophy
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401111607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (508p. 1 illus) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 17
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The essays included in this volume are illustrative of the depth and breadth of possibilities provided by hermeneutic philosophy and by a hermeneutically oriented phenomenology. Among the topics considered, the questions explored, are: How is hermeneutics situated within the general, twentieth century philosophical climate? What is its genuine essence, its logos? How does hermeneutics relate to traditional philosophy? To Kant? To Hegel? To Husserl? What possibilities does hermeneutics offer for a philosophy of the future? What does it have to say about science, about art, about values, about rationality and its limits, about what it means to be who we are? Such are the questions of this volume, The Question of Hermeneutics. Contributors include such well known philosophers as Otto Pöggeler, Karl-Otto Apel, Calvin Schrag, Walter Biemel, James Edie, Thomas Seebohm, Adriaan Peperzak, and others
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581028
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 267 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Education Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The rise of cognitive science in the 1960s was widely heralded as a scientific revolution -- an interpretation that implied the decline and eventual death of behavioral psychology. Although many forms of behavioral psychology did indeed disappear, there was a striking exception: the program of operant psychology founded by B.F. Skinner. This program actually grew at a rapid pace during the `cognitive revolution' and shows no signs of fading away. What, then, is its place within psychology, and in particular, what is its relationship with cognitive psychology? This book attempts to answer that question. Distinguishing between operant psychology and the philosophy of radical behaviorism, it concludes that even though radical behaviorism may have been a failure, the operant program of research has been a success. Furthermore, operant psychology and cognitive psychology complement one another, each having its own domain within which it contributes something valuable to, but beyond the reach of, the other
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401111027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Historical Background -- II The Cultural Background -- III The Philosophical Atmosphere in Vienna -- IV Why the Circle invited me. The Theory of Curves and Dimension Theory -- V Vignettes of the Members of the Circle in 1927 -- VI Reminiscences of the Wittgenstein Family -- VII Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Austrian Dictionary -- VIII Wittgenstein’s Tractatus and the Early Circle -- IX On the Communication of Metaphysical Ideas. Wittgenstein’s Ontology -- X Wittgenstein, Brower, and the Circle -- XI Discussions in the Circle 1927–30 -- XII Poland and the Vienna Circle -- XIII The United States 1930–31 -- XIV Discussions in the Circle 1931–34 -- XV The Circle on Ethics -- XVI Moritz Schlick’s Final Years -- Memories of Kurt Gödel -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Karl Menger was born in Vienna on January 13, 1902, the only child of two gifted parents. His mother Hermione, nee Andermann (1870-1922), in addition to her musical abilities, wrote and published short stories and novelettes, while his father Carl (1840-1921) was the noted Austrian economist, one of the founders of marginal utility theory. A highly cultured man, and a liberal rationalist in the nine­ teenth century sense, the elder Menger had witnessed the defeat and humiliation of the old Austrian empire by Bismarck's Prussia, and the subsequent establishment under Prussian leadership of a militaristic, mystically nationalistic, state-capitalist German empire - in effect, the first modern "military-industrial complex. " These events helped frame in him a set of attitudes that he later transmitted to his son, and which included an appreciation of cultural attainments and tolerance and respect for cultural differences, com­ bined with a deep suspicion of rabid nationalism, particularly the German variety. Also a fascination with structure, whether artistic, scientific, philosophical, or theological, but a rejection of any aura of mysticism or mumbo-jumbo accompanying such structure. Thus the son remarked at least once that the archangels' chant that begins the Prolog im Himmel in Goethe's Faust was perhaps the most viii INTRODUCTION beautiful thing in the German language "but of course it doesn't mean anything.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401111263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 367 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 159
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 159
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of nature ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Plaass's treatise stood at the beginning of a renewed wave of scholarship regarding Kant's Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (MF). Plaass argues that the MF represents an integral step in Kant's development between the two editions of the Critique of Pure Reason. The MF repeats the `Copernican turn', using the conditions of subjectivity to derive the metaphysical determinations of `matter' as the object of natural science with the new method called `metaphysical construction', which simultaneously grounds the mathematizability of physics. The translators provide background and analysis of Plaass's work, extend it to include the body of the MF and offer a variation on the analysis of the relationship between mathematics and metaphysics in the MF. They discuss its relevance for contemporary paradigm-dependency approaches to the philosophy of science and for philosophical hermeneutics. The book will be of interest to Kant specialists as well as to students of the philosophy of science in general
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108041
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 189 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 59
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Scientific and religious belief
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Religion ; Wissenschaft ; Glaube ; Religionsphilosophie ; Wissen ; Naturwissenschaften
    Abstract: This book provides new insights into the interrelation between scientific and religious belief. The chapters cover important features of belief in general and discuss distinctive properties between belief, knowledge and acceptance. These properties are considered in relation and comparison to religious belief. Among the contributions are topics such as: the change of scientific belief in relation to the change of our information. Is belief value-free? What are rational reasons (for the justification) of religious hypotheses? What are the important similarities and differences between scientific and religious belief? The different features and aspects are discussed in respect to the great religions of mankind. In addition to the research papers the book contains selections of the discussion which help to clarify interesting details. The book will be of interest to a vast readership among philosophers, theologians and people interested in philosophical questions concerning religion
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 388 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 153
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 153
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Quantum physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Since the Niels Bohr centenary of 1985 there has been an astonishing international surge of scholarly analyses of Bohr's philosophy. Now for the first time in Niels Bohr and Contemporary Philosophy Jan Faye and Henry Folse have brought together sixteen of today's leading authors who have helped mould this new round of discussions on Bohr's philosophy. In fifteen entirely new, previously unpublished essays we discover a surprising variety of the different facets of Bohr as the natural philosopher whose `framework of complementarity' shaped the final phase of the quantum revolution and influenced two generations of the century's leading physicists. There is much on which the authors included here agree; but there are also polar disagreements, which assure us that the philosophical questions revolving around Bohr's `new viewpoint' will continue to be a subject of scholarly interest and discussion for years to come. This collection will interest all serious students of history and philosophy of science, and foundations of physics
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729215
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 152
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 152
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Romanticism in all its expression communicated a vision of the essential interconnectedness and harmony of the universe. The romantic concept of knowledge was decidedly unitary, but, in the period between 1790 and 1840, the special emphasis it placed on observation and research led to an unprecedented accumulation of data, accompanied by a rapid growth in scientific specialization. An example of the tensions created by this development is to be found in the scientists' congresses which attempted a first response to the fragmentation of scientific research. The problem concerning the unitary concept of knowledge in that period, and the new views of the world which were generated are the subject of this book. The articles it contains are all based on original research by an international group of highly specialized scholars. Their research probes a wide range of issues, from the heirs of Naturphilosophie, to the `life sciences', and to the debate on `Baconian Sciences', as well as examining many aspects of mathematics, physics and chemistry. History of philosophy and history of science scholars will find this book an essential reference work, as well as all those interested in 19th century history in general. Undergraduate and graduate students will also find here angles and topics that have hitherto been largely neglected
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789401583114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 614 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 236
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This collection of 38 papers gives a cross-section of ongoing research in philosophy of science and philosophical logic. The papers, written by active researchers in the field and published here for the first time, are drawn from around 650 papers that were contributed to the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala, Sweden, 1991. Some of the speakers whose contributions attracted special interest were invited to contribute their papers to this volume. A few papers appear here more or less as they were presented at the Congress, whereas others are expansions or elaborations of the talks given. There is one section with five papers on philosophical logic. The other papers deal with many different aspects of philosophy of science, including general methodological questions, problems of probability, induction and decision theory, and ethics of science and technology, as well as foundational problems about particular sciences. Five special sections are concerned with logic, mathematics and computer science, the physical sciences, the biological sciences, cognitive science, and linguistics, respectively. Finally, there is one section on the history of logic, methodology and philosophy of science. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science and logicians, as well as to all researchers interested in the foundations of their disciplines
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789401107747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 420 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 234
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Statistics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Patrick Suppes is a philosopher and scientist whose contributions range over probability and statistics, mathematical and experimental psychology, the foundations of physics, education theory, the philosophy of language, measurement theory, and the philosophy of science. He has also been a pioneer in the area of computer assisted instruction. In each of these areas, Suppes has provided seminal ideas that in some cases led to shaping the direction of research in the field. The papers contained in this collection were commissioned with the mandate of advancing research in their respective fields rather than retrospectively surveying the contributions that Suppes himself has made. The authors form an interesting mixture of researchers in both formal philosophy of science and science itself all of whom have been inspired by his ideas. To maintain the spirit of constructive dialogue that characterizes Suppes's intellectual style, he has written individual responses to each article. In Volume 1: Probability and Probabilistic Causality, nineteen distinguished philosophers and scientists focus their attention on probabilistic issues. In Part I the contributors explore axiomatic representations of probability theory including qualitative and interval valued probabilities as well as traditional point valued probabilities. Belief structures and the dynamics of belief are also treated in detail. In Part II the rapidly growing field of probabilistic causation is assessed from both formal and empirical viewpoints. For probability theorists, statisticians, economists, philosophers of science, psychologists and those interested in the foundations of mathematical social science. In Volume 2: Philosophy of Physics, Theory Structure, and Measurement Theory, fifteen distinguished philosophers and scientists cover a wide variety of topics. Part III covers issues in quantum theory, geometry, classical mechanics, and computational physics. Part IV explores Suppes's well known set-theoretic account of scientific theories which has served him well throughout his career. Suppes's contributions to measurement theory have been widely used in mathematical psychology and elsewhere, and this material is the subject of Part V. For physicists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sicence, and philosophers of science. In Volume 3: Philosophy of Language and Logic, Learning and Action Theory, fourteen distinguished philosophers and scientists explore issues in the philosophy of languag ...
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789401119467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 330 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Bringing allegory into the light from the neglect into which it fell means focusing on the wondrous heights of the human spirit in its significance for culture. Contemporary philosophies and literary theories, which give pre-eminence to primary linguistics forms (symbol and metaphor), seem to favor just that which makes intelligible communication possible. But they fall short in accounting for the deepest subliminal founts that prompt the mind to exalt in beauty, virtue, transcending aspiration. The present, rich collection shows how allegory, incorporating the soaring of the spirit, offers highlights for culture, with its fluctuations and transformation. This collective effort, rich in ideas and intuitions and covering a vast range of cultural manifestations, is a pioneering work, retrieving the vision of the exalted human spirit, bringing together literature, theatre, music and painting in a variety of revealing perspectives. The authors include: M. Kronegger, Ch. Raffini, J. Smith, J.B. Williamson, H. Ross, M.F. Wagner, F. Divorne, L. Oppenheim, D.K. Heckerl, N. Campi de Castro, P. Saurez Pascual, M. Alfaro Amieiro, H. Fletcher Thompson, R.J. Wilson III, and A. Stensaas. For specialists, students and workers in philosophy, comparative literature, aesthetic phenomenologists and historians of art
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401109109
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 53
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The Completeness of Scientific Theories deals with the role of theories in measurement. Theories are employed in measurements in order to account for the operation of the instruments and to correct the raw data obtained. These observation theories thus guarantee the reliability of measurement procedures. In special cases a theory can be used as its own observation theory. In such cases it is possible, relying on the theory itself, to analyze the measuring procedures associated with theoretical states specified within its framework. This feature is called completeness. The book addresses the assets and liabilities of theories exhibiting this feature. Chief among the prima-facie liabilities is a testability problem. If a theory that is supposed to explain certain measurement results at the same time provides the theoretical means necessary for obtaining these results, the threat of circularity arises. Closer investigation reveals that various circularity problems do indeed emerge in complete theories, but that these problems can generally be solved. Some methods for testing and confirming theories are developed and discussed. The particulars of complete theories are addressed using a variety of theories from the physical sciences and psychology as examples. The example developed in greatest detail is general relativity theory, which exhibits an outstanding degree of completeness. In this context a new approach to the issue of the conventionality of physical geometry is pursued. The book contains the first systematic analysis of completeness; it thus opens up new paths of research. For philosophers of science working on problems of confirmation, theory-ladenness of evidence, empirical testability, and space--time philosophy (or students in these areas)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 263 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 238
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Metaphor is one of the most frequently evoked but at the same time most poorly understood concepts in philosophy and literary theory. In recent years, several interesting approaches to metaphor have been presented or outlined. In this volume, authors of some of the most important new approaches re-present their views or illustrate them by means of applications, thus allowing the reader to survey some of the prominent ongoing developments in this field. These authors include Robert Fogelin, Susan Haack, Jaakko Hintikka (with Gabriel Sandu), Bipin Indurkhya and Eva Kittay (with Eric Steinhart). Their stance is in the main constructive rather than critical; but frequent comparisons of different views further facilitate the reader's overview. In the other contributions, metaphor is related to the problems of visual representation (Noël Carroll), to the open class test (Avishai Margalit and Naomi Goldblum) as well as to Wittgenstein's idea of `a way of life' (E.M. Zemach)
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401720182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 390 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 230
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Never before, in any anthology, have contemporary epistemologists and philosophers of language come together to address the single most neglected important issue at the confluence of these two branches of philosophy, namely: Can we know facts from reliable reports? Besides Hume's subversive discussion of miracles and the literature thereon, testimony has been bypassed by most Western philosophers; whereas in classical Indian (Pramana) theories of evidence and knowledge philosophical debates have raged for centuries about the status of word-generated knowledge. `Is the response "I was told by an expert on the subject" as respectable as "I saw" or "I inferred" in answer to "How do you know?"' is a question answered in diverse and subtle ways by Buddhists, Vaisesikas and Naiyayikas. For the first time this book makes available the riches of those debates, translating from Sanskrit some contemporary Indian Pandits' reactions to Western analytic accounts of meaning and knowledge. For advanced undergraduates in philosophy, for researchers - in Australia, Asia, Europe or America - on epistemology, theory of meaning, Indian or comparative philosophy, as well as for specialists interested in this relatively fresh topic of knowledge transmission and epistemic dependence this book will be a feast. After its publication analytic philosophy and Indian philosophy will have no excuse for shunning each other
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582483
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXII, 288 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 242
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Mathematics ; Logic ; Algebra ; History. ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Since their appearance in the late 19th century, the Cantor--Dedekind theory of real numbers and philosophy of the continuum have emerged as pillars of standard mathematical philosophy. On the other hand, this period also witnessed the emergence of a variety of alternative theories of real numbers and corresponding theories of continua, as well as non-Archimedean geometry, non-standard analysis, and a number of important generalizations of the system of real numbers, some of which have been described as arithmetic continua of one type or another. With the exception of E.W. Hobson's essay, which is concerned with the ideas of Cantor and Dedekind and their reception at the turn of the century, the papers in the present collection are either concerned with or are contributions to, the latter groups of studies. All the contributors are outstanding authorities in their respective fields, and the essays, which are directed to historians and philosophers of mathematics as well as to mathematicians who are concerned with the foundations of their subject, are preceded by a lengthy historical introduction
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789401735964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 460 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 151
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 151
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; History.
    Abstract: The discussions of theoretical issues involved in the history of science have not received sufficient attention. This volume is a contribution to this ongoing discussion and deals with many such issues in the historiography of science, concentrating mainly on what is known as the internalist approach. The topics include ancient Greek mathematics during the Enlightenment, the physical sciences in the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as discussions of the relationship between history and philosophy of science. Both beginners in the fields of history and/or philosophy of science as well as scholars who have been already working in these fields will read the articles with pleasure and profit
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401111508
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Humanities ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: This book presents a theory of the interface between lexical semantics and syntax, in which aspect plays a central role. The aspectual properties that figure in the linking between syntax and semantics are expressed through `aspectual roles', assigned by a verb to its arguments. A number of lexical semantic phenomena can be expressed as operations over aspectual roles, and syntactic phenomena can be classified according to whether or not they are sensitive to the presence of aspectual roles. The theory is independent of any particular model of syntax (such as GB or LFG). This theory proposes a modular relationship between aspectual role information, and conceptual or thematic representations of lexical semantic information. Language-specific generalizations about linking are argued to be expressed in thematic or conceptual representations, while universal linking generalizations are expressed in aspectual representations. Consequently, this theory has implications for language acquisition. A number of recent works have treated aspect of lexical semantics or argument structure in their own right, but none have focused on aspect as central in the relation between lexical semantics and syntactic argument structure
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 345 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theology and Medicine 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Ethics ; Religion.
    Abstract: What does religion or the religious traditions have to contribute to the discussion and resolution of contemporary bioethical issues? Each of the fifteen essays written for this volume addresses this question by treating a limited area within the volume's title area, Religious Methods and Resources in Bioethics. The essays keep in touch with the very concrete and specific nature of bioethics by illustrating their points with selected bioethical problems or cases. Some discuss the basic resources, methods and/or presuppositions which characterize the approach to bioethical issues of an entire tradition or a significant element thereof. Traditions represented include Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam and Judaism. Other authors, while working primarily within their own traditions - most frequently in this section in Christian thought and practice - address methodological issues which arise in a number of traditions. Such matters include casuistry, feminism, principalism and its rivals, virtue ethics, and the issue of ethics' impartial rationality. A final group addresses methodological questions within a given tradition. These include the use of scripture, and of non-canonical authoritative documents, and the role of religious practices in Christian bioethical thinking, and the use of responsa in the Jewish tradition. This volume will be of interest to any persons, beyond beginning undergraduate levels, concerned about religious contributions to bioethical issues
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789401582520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 324 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 243
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Pragmatism ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Charles Sanders Peirce (1839--1914) has often been referred to as one of the most important North American philosophers, but the real extent of his philosophical importance is only now beginning to emerge. Peirce's `pragmaticism' (his own term) may provide the key to an epistemological theory which avoids both the Scylla of foundationalism and the Charybdis of relativism. Peirce's `Logic', linked to a conception of knowledge and of science, is increasingly coming to be recognised as the only possible one. In Living Doubt, 26 papers are presented by some of the world's leading philosophers, demonstrating the rich and cosmopolitan variety of approach to Peirce's epistemology. The contributions are grouped under three general headings: Knowledge, truth and the pragmatic principle; Peirce and the epistemological tradition; and Knowledge, language and semeiotic
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789401109123
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 218 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 138
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 138
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jewish Christians and Christian Jews
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; History ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Jewish Christians Europe ; History ; Christianity and other religions Judaism ; Judaism Relations ; Christianity ; Europe Church history ; Christianity Related to ; Judaism ; History ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Judentum ; Christentum ; Geschichte 1450-1800 ; Judentum ; Christentum ; Geschichte
    Abstract: The appearance of religious toleration combined with the intensification of the search for theological truth led to a unique phenomenon in early modern Europe: Jewish Christians and Christian Jews. These essays will demonstrate that the cross-fertilization of these two religions, which for so long had a tradition of hostility towards each other, not only affected developments within the two groups but in many ways foreshadowed the emergence of the Enlightenment and the evolution of modern religious freedom
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 218 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences 17
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; History ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the first systematic examination of the contemporary and prior connections between technological progress and pessimism over the future. If the hallmark of the Enlightenment was a firm belief in technology as a principal instrument of universal progress, the hallmark of postmodernism may well be skepticism, even despair, over technology's role in shaping our world. This book incorporates the perspectives of historians, political scientists, philosophers, and literary scholars to illuminate the origins, evolution, and influence of technological pessimism and to evaluate its long-term prospects. The volume should appeal to specialists in technology studies and the history of ideas but also to general readers concerned with these dilemmas of technological progress
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789401110082
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 328 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 60
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Increasingly, the mind is being treated as a fit subject for scientific inquiry. As cognitive science and empirical psychology strive to uncover the mind's secrets, it is fitting to inquire as to what distinctive role is left for philosophy in the study of mind. This collection, which includes contributions by some of the leading scholars in the field, offers a rich variety of perspectives on this issue. Topics addressed include: the place of a priori inquiry in philosophy of mind, moral psychology, consciousness, social dimensions of intentionality, the relation of logic to philosophical psychology, objectivity and the mind, and privileged access
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789401732499
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 230 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Otto, Eckart, 1944 - Essays on Biblical Law by Phillips, Anthony 2005
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 139
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 139
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Culture—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: Dick Popkin and James Force have attended a number of recent conferences where it was apparent that much new and important research was being done in the fields of interpreting Newton's and Spinoza's contributions as biblical scholars and of the relationship between their biblical scholarship and other aspects of their particular philosophies. This collection represents the best current research in this area. It stands alone as the only work to bring together the best current work on these topics. Its primary audience is specialised scholars of the thought of Newton and Spinoza as well as historians of the philosophical ideas of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789401733915
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 412 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 150
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 150
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Social sciences Methodology ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Natural Sciences and the Social Sciences contains a series of explorations of the different ways in which the social sciences have interacted with the natural sciences. Usually, such interactions are considered to go only `one way': from the natural to the social sciences. But there are several important essays in this volume which show how developments in the social sciences have affected the natural sciences - even the `hard' science of physics. Other essays deal with various types of interaction since the Scientific Revolution. In his general introductory chapter, Cohen sets some general themes concerning analogies and homologies and the use of metaphors, drawing specific examples from the use of concepts of physics by marginalist economists and of developments in the life sciences by organismic sociologists. The remaining chapters, which explore the different ways in which the social sciences and the natural sciences have actually interacted, are written by leaders in the field of history of science, drawn from a wide range of countries and disciplines. The book will be of great interest to all historians of science, philosophers interested in questions of methodology, economists and sociologists, and all social scientists concerned with the history of their subject and its foundations
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401732741
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 382 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 156
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 156
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Regional planning ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Mathematics. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: An understanding of developments in Arabic mathematics between the IXth and XVth century is vital to a full appreciation of the history of classical mathematics. This book draws together more than ten studies to highlight one of the major developments in Arabic mathematical thinking, provoked by the double fecondation between arithmetic and the algebra of al-Khwarizmi, which led to the foundation of diverse chapters of mathematics: polynomial algebra, combinatorial analysis, algebraic geometry, algebraic theory of numbers, diophantine analysis and numerical calculus. Thanks to epistemological analysis, and the discovery of hitherto unknown material, the author has brought these chapters into the light, proposes another periodization for classical mathematics, and questions current ideology in writing its history. Since the publication of the French version of these studies and of this book, its main results have been admitted by historians of Arabic mathematics, and integrated into their recent publications. This book is already a vital reference for anyone seeking to understand history of Arabic mathematics, and its contribution to Latin as well as to later mathematics. The English translation will be of particular value to historians and philosophers of mathematics and of science
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 379 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 54
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 54
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: From the mid-1960s, after the important works by J. Hintikka, S. Körner, W. Sellars and P.F. Strawson, there has been a marked revival of Kantian epistemological thought. Against this background, featuring fruitful exchange between historical research and theoretical prospects, the main point of the book is the discussion of Kantian theory of scientific knowledge from the perspective of present-day analytical philosophy and philosophy of empirical and mathematical sciences. The main topics are the problem of a priori knowledge in logic, mathematics and physics, the distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments, the constitution of physical objectivity and the questions of realism and truth, the Kantian conception of time, causal laws and induction, the relations between Kantian epistemological thought, relativity theory, quantum theory and some recent developments of philosophy of science. The book is addressed to research workers, specialists and scholars in the fields of epistemology, philosophy of science and history of philosophy
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789401720410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 448 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 241
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Professor Donald Davidson is one of the most innovative and influential recent philosophers. Ranging over a variety of topics in the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and epistemology, his system of thought is unified by his inquiries into the nature of interpretation and understanding the speech and behavior of others. Together with its introduction, Language, Mind and Epistemology examines Davidson's unified stance towards philosophy by joining American and European authors within a collection of essays, published here for the first time. The authors discuss the central topics in Davidson's latest philosophy: his holistic truth-theoretic stance towards meaning and understanding, the epistemology of interpretation and translation, the externalist viewpoint in epistemology, the anti-Cartesian approach in accounting for first person authority, the thesis of anomalous monism, and the holistic conception of the mental
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401107785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 215 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 140
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 140
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Medicine ; Chemistry ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion. ; Medicine—History. ; Culture—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: The studies of sixteenth and seventeenth-century alchemy published in this volume were first presented as papers at a colloquium on `Alchemy and Chemistry' held at the Warburg Institute in 1989. The aim of the colloquium was to examine alchemy not as a self-contained tradition, but as an activity intimately connected with chemistry, medicine, philosophy and religion. The wide range of topics discussed by the different contributors shows clearly that a true understanding of alchemical texts demands that they be considered not only as a component of the pre-history of experimental science, but as manifestations of the very different forms of religious belief and philosophical views of nature held by the alchemists. Though alchemy has been widely regarded as the mere precursor of early chemistry, it is evident that the two disciplines in fact coexisted and were in certain cases practised independently. The chemical interpretation of nature is thus seen to occupy a central position in the philosophical and religious, as well as the scientific culture of the early-modern period. It is also essential to an understanding of human physiology and medicine and the early development of the corpuscular philosophy. Such a wide-ranging approach to chemical and alchemical studies aims to place them in their widest possible historical and philosophical context. The chronological and geographical limits of the present investigations were therefore designed to allow an in-depth study of a coherent body of works located within a short time span. The volume will therefore command the interest of both historians of science, as well as of students of intellectual and social history
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401707930
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 457 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Computational linguistics ; Cognitive psychology.
    Abstract: Creativity is one of the least understood aspects of intelligence and is often seen as `intuitive' and not susceptible to rational enquiry. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in the area, principally in artificial intelligence and cognitive science, but also in psychology, philosophy, computer science, logic, mathematics, sociology, and architecture and design. This volume brings this work together and provides an overview of this rapidly developing field. It addresses a range of issues. Can computers be creative? Can they help us to understand human creativity? How can artificial intelligence (AI) enhance human creativity? How, in particular, can it contribute to the `sciences of the artificial', such as design? Does the new wave of AI (connectionism, geneticism and artificial life) offer more promise in these areas than classical, symbol-handling AI? What would the implications be for AI and cognitive science if computers could not be creative? These issues are explored in five interrelated parts, each of which is introducted and explained by a leading figure in the field. - Prologue (Margaret Boden) - Part I: Foundational Issues (Terry Dartnall) - Part II: Creativity and Cognition (Graeme S. Halford and Robert Levinson) - Part III: Creativity and Connectionism (Chris Thornton) - Part IV: Creativity and Design (John Gero) - Part V: Human Creativity Enhancement (Ernest Edmonds) - Epilogue (Douglas Hofstadter) For researchers in AI, cognitive science, computer science, philosophy, psychology, mathematics, logic, sociology, and architecture and design; and anyone interested in the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence and creativity
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401107686
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 384 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 157
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 157
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Zygmunt Zawirski (1882--1948) -- one of the most eminent and original Polish philosophers -- belonged to the Lwow--Warsaw School (LWS) which left an indelible trace in logic, semiotics and philosophy of science. LSW was founded in 1895 by K. Twardowski, a disciple of Brentano, in the spirit of clarity, realism and analytic philosophy. LWS was more than 25 years older than the Vienna Circle (VC). This belies, inter alia, the not infrequently repeated statement that LWS was one of the many centers initiated by VC. The achievements of LWS in logic are well recognized, while those relating to philosophy of science are almost unknown. It is in order to fill this gap that some fragments of Zawirski's papers are presented, dealing mainly with causality, determinism, indeterminism and philosophical implications of relativity and quantum mechanics. His magnum opus `L'Evolution de la notion du temps' (Eugenio Rignano Prize, 1933) is devoted to time. It is one of the best books written on this subject, and by no means an obsolescent one. Zawirski took into account all the issues which are at present widely discussed. The real value of these achievements can be understood better today than by his contemporaries. For all those interested in philosophy of science and philosophy, and history of ideas
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789401108287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 142 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The contribution made by the Vienna Circle to ethics and the philosophy of action is increasingly being recognized. Here two previously unpublished pieces by Moritz Schlick and his pupil Josef Schächter set the scene, showing how ethics is not dependent on metaphysics but does require a sensitivity to strata of language other than that of science. Schächter (author of Prolegomena to a Critical Grammar, also in the VCC, and now doyen of educational philosophers in Israel) further develops this ethical theme in a too little known study of pessimistic dicta that he published in 1938. He succeeds (without ever assenting to it) in giving sense to the idea that it were better for a man never to have been born. The bulk of the book is devoted to two works by Friedrich Waismann, probably written not long after his emigration to England, also in 1938. There are a paper on ethics and science, which defends the Wittgensteinian view that morality is something one cannot defend, but only profess, and (itself more than half the volume) a treatise on will and motive, where the influence of Wittgenstein is mediated by that of Ryle and where many points in modern theory of action are anticipated with the author's usual sensitivity both to language and to the complexity of the human situation. (Joachim Schulte recently edited these two works in the original German, otherwise they have remained unpublished). This valuable addition to the VCC should illuminate both the history of the Circle and the kind of reflection on language and action which dominates the practical philosophy of our own day
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  • 32
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401125109
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 411 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contemporary philosophy, A new survey 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume on Asian philosophy is the 7th volume in the series Contemporary Philosophy. The main objective of the series is to review the philosophical research over the last 20-30 years in the countries concerned. Quite a few surveys in the present volume also contain original contributions to the discussion of the various topics. The bulk of the contributions are written by scholars from India, Japan, and Korea. A main tenet in nearly all articles is the deep interest in classical philosophy and religious movements. Central topics in Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and also Shamanism are discussed. These traditions are certainly distinct from classical metaphysics in the European philosophy, as is extensively shown by Panikkar in the case of classical Indian thinking. At the same time it is well known that, for instance, Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism have exerted a significant influence on many European philosophers, particularly from Plotinus onwards. Spinoza, Leibniz and Hegel are great mediators between Asian and European philosophical traditions. Besides metaphysical issues, the authors discuss well known topics in moral and political philosophy as well as philosophy of logic and language. The volume no doubt invites to a crosscultural philosophical discussion
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401125000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 141
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 141
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is a collection of papers on philosophy of science, conceptual history of science, and sociology of science written by Taiwanese scholars. It is perhaps one of the best, written by Taiwanese, in all Chinese-speaking societies. Some works in it show Orientals study topics that are typically Western philosophy of science. Others show how traditional topics in the history of Chinese science (mathematics, optics, and geology) could be studied with high sensitivity to the philosophy and sociology of science. It also touches upon issues of the `autonomous' development of social sciences in Taiwan, a society whose academic researches are greatly influenced by the West. This collection will prove stimulating and valuable to general and scholarly readers alike who are interested in philosophy and history of science, especially as related to East Asia and the West. The book will interest scholars in philosophy of science, philosophy of language and psychology, studies of philosophy of science in the third world, history of Chinese science, history of science in East Asia, and history of mathematics
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  • 34
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401118927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 318 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 10
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Engineering. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the first book to collect and translate a broad spectrum of philosophical reflection on technology from throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Highlighting work from Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Spain and Venezuela -- with further representation from Argentina, Cuba, Colombia, Uruguay, and the U.S. -- it introduces both affirmatives and critical studies by younger as well as established philosophers. Of special importance are the contributions by Marcos García de la Huerta (Chile), Hugo Padilla (Mexico), Miguel Quintanilla (Spain), Juan David García Bacca (Venezuela), and Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla (Venezuela) -- all of whom are leading and influential authors, none of whom has previously appeared in English. For students and scholars concerned with the philosophy of science and technology, Latin American studies, and interdisciplinary science--technology--society programs, this text contains twenty-five papers addressing issues in the metaphysical, epistemological, ethical, political, historical, and anthropological analysis of technology
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789401582162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 340 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 231
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific research is viewed as a deliberate activity and the logic of discovery consists of strategies and arguments whereby the best objectives (questions) and optimal means for achieving these objectives (heuristics) are chosen. This book includes a discussion and some proposals regarding the way the logic of questions can be applied to understanding scientific research and draws upon work in artificial intelligence in a discussion of heuristics and methods for appraising heuristics (metaheuristics). It also includes a discussion of a third source for scientific objectives and heuristics; episodes and examplars from the history of science and the history of philosophy. This book is written to be accessible to advanced students in philosophy and to the scientific community. It is of interest to philosophers of science, philosophers of biology, historians of physics, and historians of biology
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789401116442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (564 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social History 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Political science.
    Abstract: This book examines the rise of the German Communist Party in the crucial period between the Kapp Putsch and the stabilization of the Weimar Republic. Based on extensive archival research, its reconstruction of Communist participation in union and protest movements in the key industrial region of Rhineland-Westphalia offers the first detailed social analysis of Communist support, organization and political strategy in German labor unions. By viewing German Communism against the backdrop of industrial structures and economic conditions, this study illuminates the deeper divisions in the German workers' movement that contributed to the tragedy of the Weimar Republic
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401120401
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 324 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Chinese language ; Humanities ; Computational linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Asia—Languages.
    Abstract: A Linguistic Investigation of Aphasic Chinese Speech is the first detailed linguistic analysis of a large body of aphasic Chinese natural speech data. This work describes how the major aphasia syndromes are manifest in Chinese, a language which differs significantly from languages upon which traditional aphasia theory is based. Following the Chinese data, a new explanation for the major aphasia syndromes is offered based on the cognitive science modularity hypothesis. The theory posits that Broca's aphasia is the result of computational deficits that occur within linguistic components, while Wernicke's aphasia is the result of deficits that occur in the transfer of information between components. It is demonstrated how the fluent and non-fluent characteristics of the major aphasia syndromes follow directly from the properties of cognitive modules. Detailed linguistic descriptions of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia in Chinese are provided, including a summary of diagnostics of aphasia type. The complete corpora of four aphasic Chinese speakers, including interlinear and free translations, are presented in an Appendix
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401117159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 455 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Humanities ; Logic ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse presents a novel framework and analysis of the ways we refer to abstract objects in natural language discourse. The book begins with a typology of abstract objects and related entities like eventualities. After an introduction to `bottom up, compositional' discourse representation theory (DRT) and to previous work on abstract objects in DRT (notably work on the semantics of the attitudes), the book turns to a semantic analysis of eventuality and abstract object denoting nominals in English. The book then substantially revises and extends the dynamic semantic framework of DRT to develop an analysis of anaphoric reference to abstract objects and eventualities that exploits discourse structure and the discourse relations that obtain between elements of the structure. A dynamic, semantically based theory of discourse structure (SDRT) is proposed, along with many illustrative examples. Two further chapters then provide the analysis of anaphoric reference to propositions VP ellipsis. The abstract entity anaphoric antecedents are elements of the discourse structures that SDRT develops. The final chapter discusses some logical and philosophical difficulties for a semantic analysis of reference to abstract objects. For semanticists, philosophers of language, computer scientists interested in natural language applications and discourse, philosophical logicians, graduate students in linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science and artificial intelligence
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789401711852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 363 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 148
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 148
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume is dedicated to Heinz Post who proposed a rational model of scientific discovery. His account draws attention to the formal flaws in theories that motivate theory modification, the correspondence relations that hold between old and new theories and the cross-theoretic retention of symmetry and conservation principles. Exploring Post's model from a variety of perspectives, the contributors draw on a wide range of case studies from physics, chemistry and biology. This is the first work to examine one such model of heuristics in the context of detailed examples from science itself. It will be of interest to teachers, researchers and graduate students in both the history and philosophy of science and can be used as a textbook in advanced courses on scientific method
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581790
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 227
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Ethics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: These new papers by distinguished Kant scholars are collected from a conference held in honor of one of the world's foremost authorities on Kant: William H. Werkmeister. The contributors present novel interpretations of the development of Kant's thought up to and beyond the three famous Critiques. Frederick Van De Pitte raises important questions about Kant's theory of concept formation; Paul Guyer and R.M. Hare contribute provocative essays on Kant's ethics; Donald Crawford and Ted Cohen offer valuable accounts of Kant's theory of aesthetic judgment; and two probing studies of the most interesting problems of the Opus postumum are provided by Burkhard Tuschling and Professor Werkmeister himself. This book should be read by professional Kant scholars, historians of modern philosophy, and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in these fields
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  • 41
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 313 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1993], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 1
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Development is the first Yearbook of the Vienna Circle Institute, which was founded in October 1991. The book contains original contributions to an international symposium which was the first public event to be organised by the Institute: `Vienna--Berlin--Prague: The Rise of Scientific Philosophy: The Centenaries of Rudolf Carnap, Hans Reichenbach and Edgar Zilsel.' The first section of the book - `Scientific Philosophy - Origins and Developments' reveals the extent of scientific communication in the inter-War years between these great metropolitan centres, as well as presenting systematic investigations into the relevance of the heritage of the Vienna Circle to contemporary research and philosophy. This section offers a new paradigm for scientific philosophy, one which contrasts with the historiographical received view of logical empiricism. Support for this re-evaluation is offered in the second section, which contains, for the first time in English translation, Gustav Bergmann's recollections of the Vienna Circle, and an historical study of political economist Wilhelm Neurath, Otto Neurath's father. The third section gives a report on current computer-based research which documents the relevance of Otto Neurath's `Vienna method of pictorial statistics', or `Isotypes'. A review section describes new publications on Neurath and the Vienna Circle, as well anthologies relevant to Viennese philosophy and its history, setting them in their wider cultural and political perspective. Finally, a description is given of the Vienna Circle Institute and its activities since its foundation, as well as of its plans for the future
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789401712217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 303 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences A Yearbook 16
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Social sciences ; Education.
    Abstract: Present trends indicate that in the years to come transnational science, whether basic or applied and involving persons, equipment or funding, will grow considerably. The main purpose of this volume is to try to understand the reasons for this denationalization of science, its historical contexts and its social forms. The Introduction to the volume sets out the socio-political, intellectual, and economic contexts for the nationalization and denationalization of the sciences, processes that have extended over four centuries. The articles examine the specific conditions that have given rise to the growth of transnational science in the 20th century. Among these are: the need for cognitive and technical standardization of scientific knowledge-products, pressure toward cost-sharing of large installations such as CERN, the voluntary and involuntary migration of scientists, and the global market for R&D products that has emerged at the end of the century. The volume raises many new questions for research by historians and sociologists of science and poses problems that are of concern both to scientists and science policy-makers
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789401124966
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 329 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 140
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 140
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Logic ; Engineering. ; Mathematical logic. ; Probabilities. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics.
    Abstract: Foundational questions in logic, mathematics, computer science and physics are constant sources of epistemological debate in contemporary philosophy. To what extent is the transfinite part of mathematics completely trustworthy? Why is there a general `malaise' concerning the logical approach to the foundations of mathematics? What is the role of symmetry in physics? Is it possible to build a coherent worldview compatible with a macroobjectivistic position and based on the quantum picture of the world? What account can be given of opinion change in the light of new evidence? These are some of the questions discussed in this volume, which collects 14 lectures on the foundation of science given at the School of Philosophy of Science, Trieste, October 1989. The volume will be of particular interest to any student or scholar engaged in interdisciplinary research into the foundations of science in the context of contemporary debates
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9781402061875
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer-11648
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Chemical engineering ; Publishers and publishing ; Printing. ; Chemistry, Technical.
    Abstract: The nature of printing ink -- Printing processes -- Colour and colour matching -- Raw materials -- Letterpress inks -- Lithographic inks -- Dry offset inks -- Gravure inks -- Flexographic inks -- Screen inks -- Ultra-violet and electron-beam curing systems -- Ink-jet inks -- Manufacture of inks and varnishes -- Rheology of printing inks -- Testing, control and quality assurance -- Analysis of printing inks -- Health, safety and the environment.
    Abstract: The first edition of the Printing Ink Manual was published by the Society of British Printing Ink Manufacturers in 1961 to fill the need for an authorative textbook on printing technology, which would serve both as a training manual and a reliable reference book for everyday use. The book soon became established as a standard source of information on printing inks and reached its fourth edition by 1988. This, the fifth edition, is being published only five years later, so rapid has been the development in technology. The objective of the Printing Ink Manual remains unchanged. It is a practical handbook designed for use by everyone engaged in the printing ink industry and the associated industries. It provides all the information required by the ink technical for the day-to-day formulation of printing inks. It supplies the factory manager with details of the latest equipment and manufacturing methods, including large-scale production, and gives guidance on achieving quality assessment and total quality management specifications. Care has been taken to maintain the value of the Manual for training both technical personnel and others who requiresome kn- ledge of inks. Readers with little scientific knowledge will not find dif- culty in using the Manual, but sufficient chemistry and physics have been included to provide an explanation of the underlying principles and theories governing the behaviour of inks for use by the advanced te- nologist. Suppliers of raw materials, substrate manufacturers, printers and print users will find the book a valuable source of information.
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  • 45
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401117517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 206 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage Des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 129
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 129
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This volume evaluates the contribution of Merleau-Ponty to various philosophical problems, from the culmative point of view of more than thirty years of continental philosophy since the time of his death. However, as the various essays gathered here confirm, the title of the volume risks a certain irony - that which is involved in trying to place into vision (albeit now in only too silent and invisible a manner), namely an original thought whose creative unfolding still awaits its future. As the various papers of this volume attest, Merleau-Ponty is a contemporary philosopher who offers new directions for philosophical interrogation, who still frames in a fresh and provocative voice the issues which remain urgent for our time. Like recent collections of essays on Merleau-Ponty, the present volume offers a critical and interpretive look backward to his works from a relatively differentiated and stable vantage point from which they might come definitively into view, but beyond this the present volume is unique in also moving forward to the works of Merleau-Ponty just as we now move in an exploratory way toward the future of philosophy
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401117357
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 157 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 149
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 149
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Pragmatism ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this book Martin Bunzl considers the prospects for a general and comprehensive account of explanation, given the variety of interests that prompt explanations in science. Bunzl argues that any successful account of explanation must deal with two very different contexts - one static and one dynamic. Traditionally, theories of explanation have been built for the former of these two contexts. That is to say, they are designed to show how it is that a 'finished' body of scientific knowledge can be put to explanatory use. But finished sciences are few and far between. Real 'explanation' also occurs in a dynamical context in which questions are asked and answers are given as theories are in the process of being constructed. Here, Bunzl argues that attending to explanation produced under these dynamic circumstances undermines prominent features of the theory of explanation produced in the traditional static context
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401723008
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 510 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 226
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Social sciences Methodology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Probabilities. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: This book publishes 31 of the author's selected papers which have appeared, with one exception, since 1970. The papers cover a wide range of topics in the philosophy of science. Part I is concerned with general methodology, including formal and axiomatic methods in science. Part II is concerned with causality and explanation. The papers extend the author's earlier work on a probabilistic theory of causality. The papers in Part III are concerned with probability and measurement, especially foundational questions about probability. Part IV consists of several papers, including two historical ones, on the foundations of physics, with the main emphasis being on quantum mechanics. Part V, the longest part, is on the foundations of psychology and includes papers mainly on learning and perception. The book is aimed at philosophers of science, scientists concerned with the methodology of the social sciences, and mathematical psychologists interested in theories of learning, perception and measurement
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789401711418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 253 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Anthropology ; Philosophy. ; Cognitive psychology.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to illustrate how empirical and conceptual problems interact in modern cognitive science. A multidisciplinary approach encourages us to redraw the boundaries between conceptual and empirical research. The pervading theme is the distinction between ontology and phenomenology. Part I, Cognitive models of consciousness, reviews and evaluates the contemporary discussion concerning consciousness. We suggest that the first-person, phenomenological point of view should be preserved in theories of consciousness. Part II, Cognitive schemata, deals with methodological issues, especially with cognitive explanations in anthropology. In Part III, Relativism and cognitivism, the classical problem of relativism inherent in the study of doxastic diversity is studied in the novel context provided by cognitivism. Cognitivism appears to provide a solution to the problem of relativism, but, by the same token, it invites a more profound version of relativism. For students and scholars in cognitive science, especially those working in cognitive anthropology and neuropsychology. The book does not require any previous education in philosophy. The philosophical themes and their relevance in modern empirical research are presented in accessible form. The book can be used as a university textbook for the courses that serve to introduce the students to the philosophical background of cognitive science
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789401733175
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 161 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 58
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Metaphysics ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This book explains our common-sense understanding of perception and then defends a representative theory of perception as an alternative form of understanding more in accord with the results of science. It also argues against color realism and defends the view that nothing has color. This view is color skepticism. A chapter is devoted to defending color skepticism against a number of objections. The book ends with a discussion of our concept of knowledge and attempts to show that the representative theory of perception is not as vulnerable to skeptical arguments as has been assumed. The book will be of interest to students and teachers of philosophy. It is written in a clear and self-contained manner and is accessible to the general reader as well as to those with well-developed philosophical interests
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  • 50
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581431
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 236 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 17
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Environmental management ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Current environmental problems and technological risks are a challenge for a new institutional arrangement of the value spheres of Science, Politics and Morality. Distinguished authors from different European countries and America provide a cross-disciplinary perspective on the problems of political decision making under the conditions of scientific uncertainty. cases from biotechnology and the environmental sciences are discussed. The papers collected for this volume address the following themes: (i) controversies about risks and political decision making; (ii) concepts of science for policy; (iii) the use of social science in the policy making process; (iv) ethical problems with developments in science and technology; (v) public and state interests in the development and control of technology
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789401118507
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 196 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idés 134
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 134
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the first major work devoted to the life and work of Thomas White, an important and wide ranging seventeenth-century thinker long overdue for historical rehabilitation. Renowned in his own day as an eminent philosopher, White's reputation suffered not least as a result of his theological heresies and his pro-Cromwellian political sympathies. But he is here shown as the leader of an influential faction of English Catholics, known after his alias as `Blackloists' as a dogged opponent of the then newly-fashionable scepticism; and as a would-be synthesiser of scholastic thought with the `new philosophy'. In his Janus-faced intellectual stance White exemplifies the position of many mid-seventeenth-century thinkers; and he is presented here as representing a philosophical standpoint that is crucial for our understanding of a fascinating period in intellectual history
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401116565
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 211 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Anthropology ; Comparative Literature ; Social sciences ; Culture. ; Arts. ; Philosophy. ; Ethnology.
    Abstract: The book offers an extensive and detailed philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of the comic. The author critically presents the hitherto existing theories of the comic from Aristotle up to the present and classifies them. At the same time he advances his own definition of the comic as a broadly understood deviation from norm, which takes into account the deviation from an objectively existing norm as well as the subjective sense of the normal. Many pages have been devoted to the analysis of the main forms of the comic. The author offers their taxonomy and discusses the major techniques of evoking the comic. The final part of the book deals with the social aspects of the comic and discusses the social role of humour, mockery, satire, irony, etc. The author elaborates on the educational, integrating, punitive, and therapeuric aspects of various forms of comic activities. The book is based upon ample material drawn from a multitude of sources. The author does not limit the scope of his analysis to the philosophical and the aesthetic aspects of the comic but takes into account its extra-aesthetic occurrences and applications as presented by psychologists, cultural anthropologists, sociologists, theoreticians and historians of literature, film, and music, which makes the work truly interdisciplinary in character. The Comical: A Philosophical Analysis will be useful to aestheticians and philosophers of art, as well as to the students of literary criticism, theatre, and film studies, educational theory, psychology and even the theory of argumentation
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  • 53
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401119580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 314 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book is a methodical and systematic presentation of basic ontological issues that must be raised with respect to the meaning and function of natural science. The ontological issues are discussed from a hermeneutico-phenomenological point of view. In addition, the book contains critical discussions of basic themes raised by Carnap, Hempel, Stegmüller, Kuhn, Lakatos, Hübner, Popper, van Fraassen, Heelan and Kisiel. One of the basic theses developed in the book is that logical, epistemological and methodological issues pertinent to the natural sciences should be complemented by ontological issues that focus mainly on meaning and truth. The book also contains one chapter on the implications of the ontological ideas presented for the history of the natural sciences
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  • 54
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582087
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 299 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 56
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Humanities ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Probabilities.
    Abstract: Philosophy of Probability provides a comprehensive introduction to theoretical issues that occupy a central position in disciplines ranging from philosophy of mind and epistemology to cognitive science, decision theory and artificial intelligence. Some contributions shed new light on the standard conceptions of probability (Bayesianism, logical and computational theories); others offer detailed analyses of two important topics in the field of cognitive science: the meaning and the representation of (partial) belief, and the management of uncertainty. The authors of this well-balanced account are philosophers as well as computer scientists (among them, L.J. Cohen, D. Miller, P. Gärdenfors, J. Vickers, D. Dubois and H. Prade). This multidisciplinary approach to probability is designed to illuminate the intricacies of the problems in the domain of cognitive inquiry. No one interested in epistemology or aritificial intelligence will want to miss it
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  • 55
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401118620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 295 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Rationality in its various expressions and innumerable applications sustains understanding and our sense of reality. It is traditionally differentiated according to its sources in the soul: in consciousness, in reason, in experience, and in elevation. Such a functional approach, however, leaves us searching for the common foundation harmonizing these rationalities. The perennial quest to resolve the aporias of rationality is finding in contemporary science’s focus on origins, on the generative roots of reality, tantalizing hints as to how this may be accomplished. This project is enhanced by the wave of recent phenomenology/ontopoiesis of life, which reveals/expresses the workings of the logos at the root of beingness and all rationality, whereby we gaze upon the prospect of a New Enlightenment. In the rays of this vision the revival of the intuitions of classical Islamic metaphysics, particularly intuition of the continuity of beingness in the gradations of life, receive fresh confirmation
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789401117937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 458 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Software engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical optimization
    Abstract: Among the most important problems confronting computer science is that of developing a paradigm appropriate to the discipline. Proponents of formal methods - such as John McCarthy, C.A.R. Hoare, and Edgar Dijkstra - have advanced the position that computing is a mathematical activity and that computer science should model itself after mathematics. Opponents of formal methods - by contrast, suggest that programming is the activity which is fundamental to computer science and that there are important differences that distinguish it from mathematics, which therefore cannot provide a suitable paradigm. Disagreement over the place of formal methods in computer science has recently arisen in the form of renewed interest in the nature and capacity of program verification as a method for establishing the reliability of software systems. A paper that appeared in Communications of the ACM entitled, `Program Verification: The Very Idea', by James H. Fetzer triggered an extended debate that has been discussed in several journals and that has endured for several years, engaging the interest of computer scientists (both theoretical and applied) and of other thinkers from a wide range of backgrounds who want to understand computer science as a domain of inquiry. The editors of this collection have brought together many of the most interesting and important studies that contribute to answering questions about the nature and the limits of computer science. These include early papers advocating the mathematical paradigm by McCarthy, Naur, R. Floyd, and Hoare (in Part I), others that elaborate the paradigm by Hoare, Meyer, Naur, and Scherlis and Scott (in Part II), challenges, limits and alternatives explored by C. Floyd, Smith, Blum, and Naur (in Part III), and recent work focusing on formal verification by DeMillo, Lipton, and Perlis, Fetzer, Cohn, and Colburn (in Part IV). It provides essential resources for further study. This volume will appeal to scientists, philosophers, and laypersons who want to understand the theoretical foundations of computer science and be appropriately positioned to evaluate the scope and limits of the discipline
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  • 57
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401117739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 174 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy. ; Linguistics. ; Arts.
    Abstract: The dominant paradigm in the sciences of language conceives the subject-in-community as a truth-sayer, a communicator, and a player-economist. The major ontology of the human community reconstructs being-together as a system of interactions and transactions subject to the rules of economic rationality and, as a consequence, the community as source and target of finite strategical games. The primordial value then is the circulation of information and ideal communication is favored by the truth-functional status of our discourses. However, this dominant ontology has a few cracks. This is where the aesthetic dimension intrudes, establishing here and there the blink of an eye, shattering the economic, communicational, and truth-saying phantasm, scattering the field of being-together, fragmenting it. These aesthetic fringes conduct themselves according to the isotopy of blossoming, of rupture and fracture, of thresholds and discontinuity. Their effect is one of bedazzlement, trembling, shaking, upheaval, lightheadedness. Infinite games in conversation, the musicality of voices, understanding by flair and tact, the temporariness of nostalgic memory, reasonable pathos, are what has been emphasized in this book
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  • 58
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581752
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 255 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 57
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Many contemporary philosophers are interested in the scotistic notion of haecceity or `thisness' because it is relevant to important problems concerning identity and individuation, reference, modality, and propositional attitudes. Haecceity is the only book-length work devoted to this topic. The author develops a novel defense of Platonism, arguing, first, that abstracta - nonqualitative haecceities - are needed to explain concreta's being diverse at a time; and second, that unexemplified haecceities are then required to accommodate the full range of cases in which there are possible worlds containing individuals not present in the actual world. In the cognitive area, an original epistemic argument is presented which implies that certain haecceities can be grasped by a person: his own, those of certain of his mental states, and those of various abstracta, but not those of external things. It is argued that in consequence there is a clear sense in which one is directly acquainted with the former entities, but not with external things
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  • 59
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581882
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 370 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 155
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 155
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Pragmatism ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The thirteen essays in this volume (except for the one on Leibniz, which has not been published before) are selected works of Robert E. Butts, originally published over a period of many years. Most of the essays analyze aspects of the work of Galileo, Leibniz, Kant and Whewell; others deal with the question of the unity of the sciences and with the question of toleration in academe. The papers share a common philosophical commitment to principle of pragmatism, and seek to show that pragmatism emerges historically in unexpected places. Emphasis is placed upon issues in methodology and theory of knowledge. The book will appeal to those interested in history of modern philosophy, history and philosophy of science, and the philosophical fortunes of pragmatism
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789401581455
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 303 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 11
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This book reassesses the phenomenological `controversy' between Husserl and Heidegger over the proper status of the phenomenon of intentionality. It seeks to determine whether Heidegger's hermeneutical critique of intentionality is sensitive to Husserl's reflective account of its `Sachen selbst'. Hopkins argues that Heidegger's critique is directed toward the `cogito' modality of intentionality, and therefore, passes over its `non-actional', or `horizonal', dimension in Husserl's phenomenology. As a result of this, he concludes that Heidegger misinterprets Husserl's account of the intentional `immanence' exhibited by phenomenological reflection. On the basis of these findings, Hopkins suggests that the phenomenological methodology, operative in the so-called hermeneutic critique of transcendental consciousness, itself involves transcendental `presuppositions' that are most appropriately characterized in terms of intentional, and reflective, phenomena
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789401722391
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 201 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The book makes a direct contribution to the connection between phenomenology and cognitive science. Continuing Husserl's science of consciousness, the author shows that consciousness is structured in all sorts of ways and that it is very complicated, with one kind of consciousness being enclosed within other kinds. In particular, he provides a notation to reveal the structures of consciousness more vividly, thus fixing and isolating issues and allowing for rational, communicable analysis of conscious awareness. With this tool, clear-cut distinctions among different forms of mentally representing and thereby intentionally referring to something are elaborated. The notation might also be of assistance in present day discussions about parallelism in computer architecture and programming. For philosophers of mind, cognitive scientists and psychologists, phenomenologists, neuroscientists interested in consciousness
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401126601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 180 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 221
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Anthropology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A volume of essays on the themes of tradition, oral communication versus literal communication, Wittgenstein, and computers. The later Wittgenstein is shown to be on the one hand a traditionalist, and on the other hand, along with Heidegger, a philosopher of postmodern -- secondary -- orality, yearning for bygone, premodern times -- the times of primary orality. Under conditions of primary orality traditions fulfilled the specific cognitive role of conserving information -- a role subsequently taken over by writing, and today by electronic data processing. The message of the volume is that the Western values of individuality and critical thinking are intimately bound up with the technology of writing. It offers arguments in favour of the standards and techniques of classical education even under conditions of, indeed as a foundation for, the emerging computer culture
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789401126885
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 302 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 146
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 146
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Humanities ; Pragmatism ; History ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is the fourth volume in the series of the Bar-Hillel Colloquium (formerly the Israel Colloquium). The essays and commentaries presented here are intended to strike a rather special balance between the disciplines to which the Colloquium is dedicated. The historical and sociological vantage point is addressed to Krammick's and Mali's treatment of Priestley, In Vicker's and Feldhay's studies of the Renaissance occult, and in Warnke's and Barasch's work on the imagination. From a philosophical angle several concepts, all material to the methodology of science, are taken up; rule following, by Smart and Margalit, analysis, by Ackerman, explanation, by Taylor, and the role of mathematics in physics, by Lévy-Leblond and Pitowsky. In addition, the volume contains the proceedings of two symposia dedicated to two towering scientific figures: one celebrates Bohr's centennial, and the other examines `the other' Newton. The book will appeal to people whose interest or research is in the fields of philosophy, sociology, and history of science, technology and medicine, as well as those interested in science education
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 380 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 219
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; History.
    Abstract: Kant's views about mathematics were controversial in his own time, and they have inspired or infuriated thinkers ever since. Though specific Kantian doctrines fell into disrepute earlier in this century, the past twenty-five years have seen a surge of interest in and respect for Kant's philosophy of mathematics among both Kant scholars and philosophers of mathematics. The present volume includes the classic papers from the 1960s and 1970s which spared this renaissance of interest, together with updated postscripts by their authors. It also includes the most important recent work on Kant's philosophy of mathematics. The essays bring to bear a wealth of detailed Kantian scholarship, together with powerful new interpretative tools drawn from modern mathematics, logic and philosophy. The cumulative effect of this collection upon the reader will be a deeper understanding of the centrality of mathematics in all aspects of Kant's thought and a renewed respect for the power of Kant's thinking about mathematics. The essays contained in this volume will set the agenda for further work on Kant's philosophy of mathematics for some time to come
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  • 65
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401124225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 207 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: When agency or intentional causation has occurred the theory presented here identifies an object ascribable to the agent -- his action -- which, through its properties, reveals its intentional cause. Such a unified view of agency and action leads to unitary views of intention and the intentional and of all explanatory objects ascribable to agents. While at odds in these matters with the prevailing theories of action, the semantics of this explanatory theory is shown to better satisfy widely accepted criteria for a viable theory of action. The revelatory character of action and its essential reference to agency shows that action theory needs agency theory. To this end, a logic of practical rational agency is developed which is intended to be neutral between competing theories of mind. A sketch of this model of agency and action, analyzes cases of agency in natural discourse. PRAGMA and its manual are available separately. This work is of interest to theorists concerned with the fundamental practical rational structure of persons, their actions and the discourse appropriate to them: to philosophers and to political, legal, AI and economic theorists
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  • 66
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 241 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 19
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume examines the background, origin, and debate over emergent evolution, a philosophy of evolution developed by the comparative psychologist C. Lloyd Morgan. Part One studies the 19th century background in the debate over the philosophical framework for evolutionary theory in the writings of Darwin, Spencer, Huxley, Wallace, and G.J. Romanes. Questions examined include the continuity of the evolutionary process, the status of qualitative as well as quantitative change, the scope of evolution, and its metaphysical implications. Part Two traces Lloyd Morgan's development of emergent evolution as a philosophy relating the various sciences, and its main thesis that qualitative novelty can occur in the course of a continuous, universal and monistic evolutionary process, proceeding from the material level to those of life and mind. The third part traces the debate over emergent evolution, and argues that, despite its temporary eclipse by reductionist and physicalist philosophies in the period from the mid-1930s to the mid-1950s, emergent evolution is an active trend of thought at the interface between philosophy and science
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  • 67
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580045
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 251 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 51
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Music ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Science—History.
    Abstract: Music and Science in the Age of Galileo features twelve new essays by leading specialists in the fields of musicology, history of science, astronomy, philosophy, and instrument building that explore the relations between music and the scientific culture of Galileo's time. The essays take a broad historical approach towards understanding such topics as the role of music in Galileo's experiments and in the scientific revolution, the musical formation of scientists, Galileo's impact on the art and music of his time, the scientific knowledge of instrument builders, and the scientific experiments and cultural context of Galileo's father, Vincenzo Galilei. This volume opens up new areas in both musicology and the history of science, and twists together various strands of parallel work by musicians and scientists on Galileo and his time. This book will be of interest to musicologists, historians of science and those interested in interdisciplinary perspectives of the late Renaissance -- early Baroque. For its variety of approaches, it will be a valuable collection of readings for graduate students, and those seeking a more integrated approach to historical problems. The book will be of interest to historians of science, philosophers, musicologists, astronomers, and mathematicians
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  • 68
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401722520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 457 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy of mind ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Many metaphors go beyond pionting to the existing similarities between two objects -- they create the similarities. Such metaphors, which have been relegated to the back seat in most of the cognitive science research, are the focus of attention in this study, which addresses the creation of similarity within an elaborately laid out interactive framework of cognition. Starting from the constructivist views of Nelson Goodman and Jean Piaget, this framework resolves an apparent paradox in interactionism: how can reality not have a mind-independent ontology and structure, but still manage to constrain the possible worlds a cognitive agent can create in it? A comprehensive theory of metaphor is proposed in this framework that explains how metaphors can create similarities, and why such metaphors are an invaluable asset to cognition. The framework is then applied to related issues of analogical reasoning, induction, and computational modeling of creative metaphors
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  • 69
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401127066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 227 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 145
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 145
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The program Amsterdamski suggests in Between History and Method may not be deemed `strong enough' by the sociologists; but he believes that it offers the only way to give an account of the evident specificity of science with respect to other products of human intellectual activities if we cannot accept the idea of the supra-historical rationality of human nature. What differentiates such a program from the old so-called `rationalist tradition' is the thesis that the background consensus is not the incarnation of immanent human rationality, and that it is not historically stable. What differentiates this program from (at least some) contemporary developments in the sociology of science is the notion that if the circumstances of cognition have any impact upon the content of knowledge, this impact is not immediate, but rather is mediated by the relatively stable set of values and ideas constituting the research tradition. It is precisely on the basis of these traditions, which provide the resources for creative renewal from within, that new scientific knowledge is universalized. This book will be of interest to historians of science, philosophers and sociologists of science
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789401124263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 249 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Cognitive psychology.
    Abstract: Soar: A Cognitive Architecture in Perspective represents a European perspective on Soar with the exception of the special contribution from Allen Newell arguing for Unified Theories of Cognition. The various papers derive from the work of the Soar Research Group that has been active at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands, since 1987. The work reported here has been inspired in particular by two topics that precipitated the group's interest in Soar in the first place -- road user behavior and the temporal organization of behavior, more specifically planning. At the same time, the various contributions go well beyond the simple use of Soar as a convenient medium for modeling human cognitive activity. In every paper one or more fundamental issues are raised that touch upon the very nature and consistency of Soar as an intelligent architecture. As a result the reader will learn about the operator implementation problem, chunking, multitasking, the need to constrain the depth of the goal stack, and induction, etc. Soar is still at a relatively early stage of development. It does, nevertheless, constitute an important breakthrough in the area of computer architectures for general intelligence. Soar shows one important direction that future efforts to build intelligent systems should take if they aim for a comprehensive, and psychologically meaningful, theory of cognition. This is argued in a powerful way by Newell in his contribution to this volume. For this reason, the Soar system will probably play an important integrative role within cognitive science in bringing together important subdomains of psychology, computer science, linguistics, and the neurosciences. Although Soar is not the only `architecture for intelligence', it is one of the most advanced and theoretically best motivated architectures presently available. Soar: A Cognitive Architecture in Perspective is of special interest to researchers in the domains of cognitive science, computer science and artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and the philosophy of mind
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  • 71
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    ISBN: 9789401124287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 239 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 16
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Erwin Schrödinger is one of the greatest figures of theoretical physics, but there is another side to the man: not only did his work revolutionize physics, it also radiacally changed the foundations of our modern worldview, modern biology, philosophy of science, philosophy of the mind, and epistemology. This book explores the lesser-known aspects of Schrödinger's thought, revealing the physicist as a philosopher and polymath whose highly original ideas anticipated the current merging of the natural and the social sciences and the humanities. Thirteen renowned scientists and philosophers have contributed to the volume. Part I reveals the philosophical importance of Schrödinger's work as a physicist. Part II examines his theory of life and of the self-organization of matter. Part III shows how Schrödinger's ideas have influenced contemporary philosophy of nature and our modern view of the world, drawing a fascinating picture of the ongoing synthesis of nature and culture: one of the most interesting developments of modern thought. The volume also contains the most comprehensive bibliography of Schrödinger's scientific work, making it at the same time a book of acute contemporary relevance and a major work of reference
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789401580106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 280 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 144
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 144
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Technology Philosophy ; History ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Historians and philosophers of technology are searching for new approaches to the study of the interaction between science and technology. New conceptual frameworks are necessary since the idea that technology is simply applied science is nothing short of a myth. The papers contained in this volume deal primarily with cognitive and social aspects of the science-technology issue. One of the most salient features of these papers is that they show a major methodological shift in studying the interaction between science and technology. Discussions of the science-technology issue have long been dominated by the demarcartion problem and related semantic issues about the notions `science' and `technology', and the `technology is applied science' thesis. Instead of general `global' interpretation schemes and models of the interaction between science and technology, detailed empirical case studies of cognitive and institutional connections between `science' and `technology' constitute the hard core of this book. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science, historians and philosophers of technology and science and sociologists of science
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  • 73
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401734257
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophers contributing new ideas are commonly caught within a received philosophical vocabulary and will often coin new, technical terms. Husserl understood himself as advancing a new theory of intentionality, and he fashioned the new vocabulary of `noesis' and `noema'. But Husserl's own statements regarding the noema are ambiguous. Hence, it is no surprise that controversy has ensued. The articles in this book elucidate and clarify the notion of the noema; the book includes articles which phenomenologically describe and analyze the noemata of various experiences as well as articles which undertake the `metaphenomenological' explication of the doctrine of the noema. These two enterprises cannot be isolated from one another. Any analysis of the noema of a particular type of experience will necessarily illustrate, at least by instantiating the general notion of noema. And any metaphenomenological account of the noema itself will guide particular researches into the noemata of particular experiences
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  • 74
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401126946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 232 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies In Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 223
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science.
    Abstract: Written before the impressive collapse of the socialist system in Eastern Europe, this book offers a quite objective and serious systematic analysis of the Marxian labor theory of value, Marx's main scientific legacy. After reconstructing the `prototype' of this theory -- which is the theory as it was left by Marx himself in Capital -- the author proceeds to a careful and detailed analysis of its foundational problems, taking into account Böhm-Bawerk's important criticisms. After introducing advanced contemporary formal tools, the author proceeds to a thorough discussion of the dialectical method, just in order to tackle the foundational problems of the theory. He provides a formally precise and well motivated definition of abstract labor, and then proceeds to prove the existence of a measurement of abstract labor -- i.e. the existence of numerical labor-values. Using this result, the author provides rigorous axiomatic foundations for the theory of value and then proves the existence of a Marxian competitive equilibrium, which is tantamount to the proof of the possibility of reproduction for a capitalist economy. The author finishes the book by showing in detail how the problems of the prototype are solved, by reconstructing the Leontief model of the labor theory of value on the new logical bases. Written in a very clear style, in the language of contemporary philosophy of science, the book is of interest to philosophers of science and economists, applied logicians and all those interested in the scientific legacy of Karl Marx
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789401580540
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 329 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 130
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Economics ; Evolution (Biology) ; Econometrics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The question of origins is inseparable from a web of hypotheses that both shape and explain us. Although origin invites examination, it always seems to elude our grasp. Notions have always been produced which seek to interpret the genesis of life, mind, and the social order, and these notions have all been found to be unstable in the face of theoretical and empirical challenges. In any given period, the central ideas on origin have had a mutual resonance, frequently overlooked by specialists engaged in their particular fields. The main purpose of this truly interdisciplinary book is the drawing together of contributions from biology, the cognitive sciences and the humanities into a joint exploration of some of the main contemporary notions which deal with the understanding of origins in life, mind and society. The book consists of four central chapters (on social organization, symbols and money, life forms and perception) followed by acute and perceptive discussions. The book arose from an international meeting held at Stanford University
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789401580625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 262 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 220
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Systems theory ; Science—Philosophy. ; System theory. ; Control theory. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Introduction: Different kinds of cybernetics -- Self-organization and complexity -- Ends and meaning in machine-like systems -- Hierarchical non-equilibrium self-organization as the new post-cybernetic perspective -- A priori and a posteriori in cognitive praxis: the model for the regulation of agonistic antagonistic couples -- Non-rational cognitive processes as changes of distinctions -- Epistemological issues -- Self-organization and autonomy in a post-cybernetic perspective. Epistemological issues -- The experimental epistemology of W.S. McCulloch. A minimalistic interpretation -- From paleo- to neo-connectionism -- Second cybernetics: a double strategy for representing cognition -- The bringing forth of dialogue: Latour versus Maturana -- A one-sided boundary: on the limits of knowing organizational closure -- Mechanistic explanations and structure-determined systems. Maturana and the human sciences -- Sociological issues -- Correspondence, consensus, coherence and the rape of democracy -- Writers of the lost I: second-order self-observation and absolute writership.
    Abstract: Gertrudis Van de Vijver· Seminar of Logic and Epistemology University of Ghent Before being classified under the fashionable denominators of complexity and chaos, self-organization and autonomy were intensely inquired into in the cybernetic tradition. Despite all rejections that cybernetics has gone through in the second half of this century, today its importance is more and more recognized. Its decisive influence for connectionist theories, autopoietic and constructivist theories, for different forms of applied or experimental epistemology, is being more and more understood and generally accepted. It is mainly due to the success of connectionist models that we observe today a revival of interest for cybernetics. The 1943 article by McCulloch and Pitts is evidently a founding article. Cybernetics has however a much broader interest than the one linked to technical-mathematical details relevant to the construction of networks. For instance, the evolution from first to second order cybernetics, the ways of approaching biological and cognitive phenomena in the latter and the limits that were formulated there, are particularly meaningful to understand current developments and divergences in connectionism. A nuanced picture of cybernetic's history and its present state is therefore clearly epistemologically essential.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789401125864
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 304 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Education 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Education Philosophy ; Education ; Education—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Introduction: Pedagogics, Science and Metatheory -- I. Science of Education -- Ia. The Nomothetical Field of Study in Science of Education -- Ib. Historiography of Education -- II. Philosophy of Education -- III. Practical Pedagogics -- Conclusion: On the Variety and Unity of Pedagogical Knowledge -- Name Index.
    Abstract: For two reasons, we are particularly proud to include Wolfgang Brezinka's Philosophy of Educational Knowledge in this series of books on Philosophy of Education. Thefirst is the philosophicalinterestoftheworkitself-its remarkablescholarship and the importance ofthe philosophical positionswill beobvious to allreaders. The secondisthat it brings to the English-speaking world a wonderful example ofeducational philosophy as now being practiced in the German-speaking world. All too often philosophers in the Anglo-American tradition have not seen the sort of perspective on educational thinking that infuses this work. And since this book has been widely read in its original version, it has had a considerable impactupon philosophy ofeducational research and science in the German-speaking countries. An understanding of this may help in the development of evenmore cooperativerelations amongstudentsofeducationin all countries. C. 1. B. Macmillan D. C. Phillips PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDmON '1 am not unmindful how little can be done... in a mere treatise on Logic, or howvague and unsatisfactory all precepts of Method must necessarily appear, when not practically exemplified in the establishment of a body of doctrine. Doubtless, the most effectual mode of showing how the sciences... maybe constructed,would be to construct them". JOHNSTUARTMILL (1843)1 Parents have a duty to educate their children, teachers to educate their pupils. For this reason there is widespread interest in education. Knowledge of education has long beenoffered under names like"pedagogics", "pedagogy"or"educational theory". Originally this meant practical knowledge based on common sense. Since the Enlightenment, however, attempts have been made to acquire scientific knowledge of education.
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  • 78
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401126229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 303 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 9
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. The Idea of Science in Husserl and the Tradition -- 2. Comments on Henry Margenau’s ‘Phenomenology and Physics’ -- 3. Life-World as Built World -- 4. Indirect Mathematization in the Physical Sciences -- 5. Of Exact and Inexact Essences in Modern Physical Science -- 6. Husserl’s Phenomenology and the Ontology of the Natural Sciences -- 7. Parts, Wholes and the Forms of Life: Husserl and the New Biology -- 8. Critical Realism and the Scientific Realism Debate -- 9. Realism and Idealism in the Kuhnian Account of Science -- 10. The New Relevance of Experiment: A Postmodern Problem -- 11. The Problem of Experimentation -- 12. Toward a Hermeneutic Theory of the History of the Natural Sciences -- Bibliography of Phenomenological Philosophy of Natural Science -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Topics.
    Abstract: Contemporaryphilosophyseems a great swirling almost chaos. Every situation must seem so at the time, probably because philosophy itself resists structura­ tion and because personal and political factors within as well as without the discipline must fade in order for the genuinely philosophical merits of performances to be assessed. Nevertheless, some remarks can still be made to situate the present volume. For example, at least half of philosophy on planet Earth is today pursued in North America (which is not to say that this portion is any less internally incoherent than the whole of which it thus becomes the largest part) and the present volume is North American. (Incidentally, the recognition of culturally geographic traditions and tendencies nowise implies that striving for cross-culturalif not trans-cultural philosophical validity has failed or ceased. Rather, it merely recognizes a significant aspect relevant from the historical point of view.) Episte- Aesthetics Ethics Etc. mology Analytic Philosophy Marxism Existentialism Etc. Figure 1. There are two main ways in which philosophical developments are classified. One is in terms of tendencies, movements, and schools of thought and the other is in terms of traditional sub-disciplines. When there is little contention among schools, the predominant way is in terms of sub-disciplines, such as aesthetics, ethics, politics, etc. Today this mode of classification can be seen to intersect with that in terms of movements and tendencies, both of which are represented in the above chart.
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  • 79
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 227 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 52
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Geometry ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The three spatial characteristics of length, height and depth are used in the same unreflective way by laymen, technicians and scientists alike to describe the forms, positions and measure of bodies and hollow bodies. But how do we know that the space we live in has just these three dimensions? The question has occupied philosophers and scientists since antiquity. The answers proposed have become ever more presumptuous and have increasingly lost sight of everyday intuitions and have sacrificed explanatory power. In Euclid's Heritage Janich shows that all explanations of three-dimensionality hinge on an unreflective geometrical language which seems to accept the lack of an alternative for the three sorts of entities -- points, lines and planes -- that bound the three extended entities -- lines, planes and solids. This is a Euclidean heritage in a dual sense: Euclid himself adopted a geometrical language from the art of figure drawing, and left a tradition of doing geometry as planimetry and of doing stereometry by rotating plane figures. The systematic approach offered here starts out from operational definitions of the spatial forms -- plane, straight edge and perpendicularity -- and proofs that only three planes can intersect pairwise orthogonally. This is the constructive solution in the frame theory of action, providing an unequivocal characterisation of spatial relations in the physical world. The traditional order of geometric concepts turns out to be the most important obstacle to the methodical ordering of everyday scientific concepts
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789401117999
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 268 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 225
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: This work, written from the standpoint of Hegel's Logic, examines the nature, conditions of possibility and scope of a valid dialectical logic. For this purpose it scrutinizes, criticizes and reconstructs it so that it may serve as a logic of Human reality. Refusing to be `revisionist' as far as Natural Sciences are concerned, the proposed viewpoint asserts that in this domain Dialectic is incapable of great fruitfulness -- there is no `Dialectic of Nature'. As for the domain of Human reality -- as historical, social and cultural reality -- the book suggests that such a reconstructed Dialectic, at last conscious of its own univocal limits, may help the Social Sciences and Human Studies to develop further. The book opens with an exposition, from an Hegelian point of view, of the basic categories of Identity. Difference and Contradiction. Then, in this Hegelian context, some basic issues are posed and discussed, such as the problems of the Beginning, the End, the Language, and the problem of Nature and Matter. To end with, Dialectic is proposed as a way of explanation, both progressive and regressive, elucidating Human experience while at once elucidating itself
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  • 81
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580069
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 331 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Logic ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophy flourished in Australia after the war. There was spectacular growth in both the number of departments and the number of philosophers. On top of this philosophy spread beyond the philosophy departments. Serious studies, and interest in philosophy is now common in faculties as diverse as law, science and education. Neither is this development merely quantitative, the Australian researcher has come of age and contributes widely to international debates. At least one movement originated in Australia. This makes the study of philosophy in Australia timely, evidenced by the number of articles concerned with this area that begin to appear in international journals. In Australia itself there is growing interest in the history of the country's philosophical development. There are discussions in conferences and meetings: the matter is now the subject of courses
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  • 82
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401719803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 480 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Humanities ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: This book contains articles on the theory, acquisition and processing of island constraints. The book is unique in taking an interdisciplinary approach to a syntactic phenomenon that has been at the center of linguistic debates since the 1960s. Both transformational and non-transformational approaches to island constraints are represented. The papers in the volume show how data from empirical studies of the role of island constraints in processing and acquisition by normals and by special populations can contribute to our understanding of broad issues concerning the representation of linguistic structures in the mind, including the interplay between lexical, pragmatic and syntactic knowledge. In addition, they contribute vital data to specific on-going debates in processing and development, such as the emergence of movement rules in children's grammars and the temporal ordering of events in the analysis of discontinuous dependencies by the language processor. The papers in the volume exploit examples from a variety of languages and use a variety of experimental techniques to marshal arguments for specific models of the theory of island constraints and their deployment in real-time language acquisition and language processing
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789401580205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 424 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 222
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The argument of the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories in the Critique of Pure Reason is the deepest and most far-reaching in philosophy. In his new book, Robert Howell interprets main themes of the Deduction using ideas from contemporary philosophy and intensional logic, thereby providing a keener grasp of Kant's many subtleties than has hitherto been available. No other work pursues Kant's argument through every twist and turn with the careful, logically detailed attention maintained here. Surprising new accounts of apperception, the concept of an object, the logical functions of thought, the role of the Metaphysical Deduction, and Kant's relations to his Aristotelian-Cartesian background are developed. Howell makes a precise contribution to the discussion of most of the disputed issues in the history of Deduction interpretation. Controversial in its conclusions, this book demands the attention of all who take seriously the task of understanding Kant's work and evaluating it dispassionately
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789401730662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 462 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 224
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Semantics ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This treatise, in its first part, moves from a consideration of behavior and ulterance through a definition of assertion as a kind of utterance to a consideration of statements, conceived of as products of assertion, to be represented by pairs of testing procedures of verification and falsification. The treatise, in its second part, identifies a small number of basic forms of testing procedures, affiliated to the syncategoremata of classical philosophy, and uses these to represent all distinguishable, humanly producible, forms of statement. This same apparatus is used, in the third part of the treatise, to explain our conception of an object of reference and of various constructions from such objects. Particular attention is given to bodies and to other things met with in space and time, where it is finally argued that bodies, as we have explained them, are our most fundamental objects of reference
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789401580403
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 333 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 137
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 137
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The problem of Galileo's logical methodology has long interested scholars. In this volume William A. Wallace offers a solution that is completely unexpected, yet backed by convincing documentary evidence. His analysis starts with an early notebook Galileo wrote at Pisa, appropriating a Jesuit professor's exposition of the Posterior Analystics of Aristotle, and ends with one of the last letters Galileo wrote, stating that in logic he has been a Peripatetic all his life. Wallace's detective work unearths the complete logic course from which the notebook was excerpted, then proceeds to show how its terminology and methodology continue to surface in Galileo's later writings in which he founds his new sciences of the heavens and of local motion. The result is a tour de force that commends itself not only to Galileo's scholars and to logicians, philosophers, and historians, but to anyone interested in the epistemic roots of modern science
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  • 86
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401128568
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 142
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 142
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Human genetics ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Medical genetics.
    Abstract: This book is a reassessment of the work of Fisher, Haldane, Muller and Wright on the occasion of the centenaries of their birth. Given the seminal role played by these figures in twentieth century evolutionary biology, it is also an important contribution to the history of biology. It brings together the scholarship of biologists, historians and philosophers to analyze the relative contributions and influence of these figures. In considering Muller along with Fisher, Haldane and Wright as a founder of `evolutionary genetics', this book breaks new ground in the historiography of biology. The contributions included here should be of value to evolutionary biologists as well as historians and philosophers of science. The book will appeal to historians and philosophers of biology, evolutionary biologists, and historians and philosophers of science
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789401579636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 232 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theology and Medicine 1
    DDC: 610.1
    Keywords: Medicine ; medicine Philosophy ; Public health ; Medical ethics ; Humanities ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: Religious beliefs and attitudes have long been recognized as playing an important role in sexual functioning, but the relationship between religion and sexual behavior has rarely been studied in a comprehensive way. The essays in this volume bring the views of sex counsellors, therapists. theologians, and bioethicists to bear on the relationship between religion and sexuality. A major theme emerging from these essays is that religion and counselling need to learn from one another. Religious traditions, at the popular or theological levels, are often marked by ignorance and misinformation about sexuality and can benefit by the insights of those who work closely with patients in medical and counselling settings. Counsellors, in turn, need to develop a sensitivity to past and present religious attitudes toward sexuality in order to assist their patients achieve sexual health
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  • 88
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580380
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 277 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 11
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume contains papers presented by New Zealand and American philosophers of biology during a recent visit to New Zealand by Elliott Sober. Some of the papers reveal a unique local perspective on current debates. Robin Craw's highly original contribution to the `evolutionary' philosophy of science initiated by David Hull, applies to intellectual evolution the strongly biogeographic approach to the evolution of life that is a recognised New Zealand speciality. Other papers reflect past intellectual exchange between the two countries. Susan Oyama and Russell Gray's papers on the `developmental systems' approach to evolution, for example, are the outcome of several years of fruitful exchange. The remaining papers in the volume cover a wide range of topics. In addition to Sober's own discussion of post-sociobiological treatments of cultural evolution the volume includes Kim Sterelny's evaluation of `macroevolution', Paul Griffiths' analysis of adaptation and vestigiality, John Morss on the notion of ontogeny and Timothy Shanahan on the concept of drift
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789401125741
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 175 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Humanities ; Psycholinguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: The theory of language acquisition is a young but increasingly active field. Language Acquisition and Syntactic Theory presents one of the first detailed studies of comparative syntax acquisition. It is informed by the view that linguists and acquisitionists are essentially working on the same problem, that of explaining grammar learnability. The author takes cross-linguistic data from child language as evidence for recent proposals in syntactic theory. Developments in the structure of children's sentences during the first few years of life are traced to changes in the setting of specific grammatical parameters. Some surprising differences between the early child grammars of French and English are uncovered, differences that can only be explained on the basis of subtle distinctions in inflectional structure. This motivates the author's claim that functional or nonthematic categories are represented in the grammars of very young children. The book also explores the relationship between acquisition and diachronic change in French and English. It is argued that findings in acquisition, when viewed from a parameter setting perspective, provide answers to important questions arising in the study of language change. The book promises to be of interest to all those involved in the formal, psychological or historical study of linguistic knowledge
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  • 90
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401124645
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 381 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: What Robots Can and Can't Be is a self-contained, rigorous, sustained argument for the unique, two-sided position that: (side one) Al will continue to produce machines with greater and greater capacity to pass stronger and stronger versions of the Turing Test; but that (side two) the `Person Building Project' (the attempt by cognitive engineers to build a machine which is a person) will inevitably fail. The defense of side two rests in large part on a refutation of the proposition that persons are automata -- a refutation involving an array of issues, from free will to Gödel to introspection to Searle and beyond. The defense of side one brings the reader face to face with Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson as they tackle perhaps their toughest case (`Silver Blaze'); the upshot of this visit with Conan Doyle's duo is an algorithm-sketch for the solving of murder mysteries. Side two also involves a look at the author's mechanical' approach to writing fiction, and the philosophical side of computerized story generation. The volume is peppered with numerous illustrations, all quite professionally done
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  • 91
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401127516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 297 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's Vaiyakarana-bhusana is a massive work on semantic theory written in India in the 17th century. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta belonged to the tradition of Sanskrit grammar and in this work he consolidated the philosophy of language developed in the Paninian tradition of Sanskrit grammar. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's work takes account of the philosophical debate which occurred in classical and medieval India among the philosophers and grammarians from about 500 B.C. to the 17th century A.D. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's work primarily represents this debate between the traditions of Sanskrit grammar, Mi&mdotu;amsa, and Nyaya-Vaisesika. It discusses ontological, epistemological, and exegetical issues concerning the notion of meaning as it relates to the various components of language. The present book is a heavily annotated translation of the Namartha-nirnaya section of Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's Vaiyakarana-bhusana, with an extensive introduction. While there are several books that discuss Indian semantic theories in general terms, this book belongs to a small class of intensive, focused studies of densely written philosophical texts which examines each argument in its historical and philosophical context. It is of interest to all students of philosophy of language in general, and to students of Indian philosophy in particular
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789401124881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIV, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 139
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 139
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Modern physical science is constituted by specialized scientific fields rooted in experimental laboratory work and in rational and mathematical representations. Contemporary scientific explanation is rigorously differentiated from religious interpretation, although, to be sure, scientists sometimes do the philosophical work of interpreting the metaphysics of space, time, and matter. However, it is rare that either theologians or philosophers convincingly claim that they are doing the scientific work of physical scientists and mathematicians. The rigidity of these divisions and differentiations is relatively new. Modern physical science was invented slowly and gradually through interactions of the aims and contents of mathematics, theology, and natural philosophy since the seventeenth century. In essays ranging in focus from seventeenth-century interpretations of heavenly comets to twentieth-century explanations of tracks in bubble chambers, ten historians of science demonstrate metaphysical and theological threads continuing to underpin the epistemology and practice of the physical sciences and mathematics, even while they became disciplinary specialties during the last three centuries. The volume is prefaced by tributes to Erwin N. Hiebert, whose teaching and scholarship have addressed and inspired attention to these issues
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401125529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 203 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: I Understanding Emotions -- The Intentionality of Emotions -- II Intentionality -- III Emotions and Belief -- IV Component Theories of Emotions -- V Evaluative Theories of Emotions -- VI The Belief-Desire Theory of Emotions -- The Economy of Mind -- VII Emotional Behavior -- VIII Emotional Affectivity -- Dimensions of Emotions -- IX Activity and Passivity -- X Positive and Negative Emotions -- References.
    Abstract: Philosophical theories of emotions, and to an extent some theories of scientific psychology, represent attempts to capture the essence of emotions basically as they are conceived in common sense psychology. Although there are problems, the success of explanations of our behavior in terms of believes, desires and emotions creates a presumption that, at some level of abstraction, they reflect important elements in our psychological nature. It is incumbent on a theory of emotions to provide an account of two salient facts about emotions as conceived in common sense psychology. As intentional states, emotions have representational and rational properties: emotions represent states of affairs; and they are rationally related to other mental representations, figure in rational explanations of behavior, and are open to rational assessment. Emotions also have a close relationship to a range of non-intentional phenomena: in typical cases, emotions involve physiological changes, usually associated with the activation of the autonomic nervous system, which are proprioceptively experienced; and they often involve behavioral tendencies, as well.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789401579599
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 337 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The grammatical phenomenon of control subsumes a variety of cases where an understood argument of a complement or adjunct clause is related to an explicit element occurring elsewhere in the sentence. The control phenomenon, though familiar from many languages, and widely discussed, has remained a persistent and controversial topic in grammatical analysis. This volume presents nine new, theoretical studies of control. The authors explore the subject matter across a range of languages and constructions, in several different frameworks, and from a variety of perspectives including syntax, semantics, psycholinguistics and historical linguistics. The articles in this collection offer a stimulating introduction to the spectrum of issues in control theory and their bearing on theoretical linguistics today. The contributors include: Steven Franks, Kenneth Hale, James Higginbotham, Norbert Hornstein, James Huang, Pauline Jacobson, Brian Joseph, Howard Lasnik, Kenneth Wexler, and Edwin Williams
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789401131704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 182 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: NATO ASI Series, Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences 59
    Series Statement: Nato Science Series D:, Behavioural and Social Sciences 59
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.09
    Keywords: Humanities ; Civilization—History.
    Abstract: Section I: Perspectives from Academia, Industry, and Government -- Reconciling Conflicts — The Challenge for the University -- An Industry Perspective on the Changing University -- Positioning U.S. Science Policy for the New World Order -- The University — and Particularly the Technological University: Pragmatism and Beyond -- The Swing of the Pendulum: Financing of British Universities from the 1960s through the 1980s -- Changing Patterns of Finance for Higher Education: Implications for the Education of Scientists and Engineers -- Section II: Current Trends in the Education of S&ES -- Contradictions and Complexity: International Comparisons in the Training of Foreign Scientists and Engineers -- Science and Engineering: Human Resource Needs in the Next Three Decades -- Structural Changes in the Japanese Supply/Employment Systems of Engineers: Are We Losing or Gaining? -- Educating and Training the U.S. Work Force for the Twenty-First Century -- Section III: The Flow of Information -- The Changing Patterns of International Collaboration in Universities -- National Security Information Controls in the United States: Implications for International Academic Science and Technology -- List of Contributors -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: This collection of papers was written for a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held at Harvard University in March 1990. The title, "The Changing University and the Education of Scientists and Engineers: An International Workshop," broad as it is, does not convey the sweep of data, infonnation, opinions, and suggestions for future research and policy choices that were crowded into two-and-a-half days of fonnal presentations, mealtime discussions, and teatime chats. The proposal for the workshop grew out of a research project I had carried out that explored the policies governing the education of foreign science and engineering students (S&Es) in several industrialized countries, and of two countries that send large numbers of S&E students abroad - the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Japan (see chapter 7). In research visits to these countries as well as to France, the United Kingdom, West Gennany, and within the United States, I was struck by the similarity of issues that were raised. One was the concern that there would not be enough well-trained scientists and engineers to meet the constantly increasing demand for them. Government officials, industrialists, and educators repeatedly stressed that a well-educated and -motivated work force was essential for their economies, national security, and for society as a whole. Many of those interviewed mentioned that universities are undergoing rapid, systemic changes as governments and industry are calling on them to provide human resources and intellectual capital.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789401131742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 431 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 131
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 131
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: One -- 1 / On the Objects of Our Subjective Knowledge -- 2 / Human Knowledge and Human Interaction -- 3 / Indeterminacy of Translation: A Non-Quinean Function of Content-Indeterminacy -- 4 / On the Impossibility of any Enterprise Concerning Self-Knowledge within Traditional Epistemology -- Two -- 5 / Methodological Essentialism in Science and in Philosophy -- 6 / Of Variance and Invariance in Science: Empirical Science as an Enterprise ComprisingNFCPSSystems -- 7 / Falsifiability and Methodological Invariance in Science -- 8 / The Methodology of Theory-Problem Interactive Systems -- 9 / The Resolving Power of a Scientific Theory as a Basis of its Epistemic Appraisal -- 10 / Epilogue -- Notes -- Index of Symbols -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: For a philosopher with an abiding interest in the nature of objective knowledge systems in science, what could be more important than trying to think in terms of those very subjects of such knowledge to which men like Galileo, Newton, Max Planck, Einstein and others devoted their entire lifetimes? In certain respects, these systems and their structures may not be beyond the grasp of a linguistic conception of science, and scientific change, which men of science and philosophy have advocated in various forms in recent times. But certainly it is wrong-headed to think that one's conception of science can be based on an identification of its theories with languages in which they may be, my own alternatively, framed. There may be more than one place in book (1983: 87) where they may seem to get confused with each other, quite against my original intentiens. The distinction between the objec­ tive knowledge systems in science and the dynamic frameworks of the languages of the special individual sciences, in which their growth can be embedded in significant ways, assumes here, therefore, much impor­ tance. It must be recognized that the problems concerning scientific change, which these systems undergo, are not just problems concerning language change.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137560
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 361 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 47
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I/Explanation and Unification -- One / Positivist Models of Explanation -- Two / The Abstractive Nature of Theories -- Three / Composition Laws -- Four / Reduction -- II / Explanation in Biology -- Five / Explanation and Imperfect Laws in Biology -- Six / Purpose and Function in Biology -- III / Darwin’s Science -- Seven / Biogeographical Explanations -- Eight / The Structure of Darwin’s Theory -- Nine / Some Methodological Criticisms of Darwin’s Theory -- Ten / The Evidential Support for Darwin’s Theory -- Eleven/ The Logical Structure of Darwin’s Argument -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: I would like to record my thanks to Paul Thompson for useful conver­ sations over the years, and also to several generations of students who have helped me develop my ideas on biological theory and on Darwin. My wife has, as usual, been more than helpful; in particular she typed a good portion of the manuscript while I was on leave a few years ago, more now than I like to remember. My parents were both looking forward to holding a final copy of this book. I only regret that my mother did not live long enough to see its completion. I must also thank the publishers and their staff. They have been re­ markably patient about meeting deadlines - promises were repeatedly made and then, owing to family situations, had to be broken - and for this I am considerably in their debt. I would further like to thank the following authors and publishers for permission to use their work: R. C. Lewontin, The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change, Figure 1, p. 14; © 1964 Columbia University Press; reprinted here by kind permission of the author and publisher. F. Wilson, 'Goudge's Contribution to the Philosophy of Science', in L. W. Sumner, J. G. Slater, and F. Wilson (eds.), Pragmatism and Purpose: Essays in Honour of T. A. Goudge; © 1964 University of Toronto Press; reproduced here in part by kind permission of all the editors and the publisher.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132428
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 264 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Humanities ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Development of Technology in Eastern and Western Europe -- I Symposium on Ivan Illich -- Ivan Illich’s Philosophy of Technology: Introduction -- Tools for Conviviality: Argument, Insight, Influence -- Ivan Illich and Deschooling Society: A Reappraisal -- Ivan Illich’s Medical Nemesis: Fifteen Years Later -- Ivan Illich’s H2O and the Waters of Forgetfulness -- II Miscellany -- The Technology of Desire: John Dewey, Social Criticism, and the Aesthetics of Human Existence -- Ideology, Technocracy, and Knowledge Utilization -- Technology and Scientific Concepts: Mechanics and the Concept of Mass in Archimedes -- The Limited Promise of Technology Assessment -- Adam Smith and Alma Mater: Technology and the Threat to Academic Freedom -- III Symposium on Education in Science, Technology, and Values -- Symposium on Education in Science, Technology, and Values: Introduction -- Science and Technology Education as Civic Education -- STS, Critical Thinking, and Philosophy for Children -- STS Education and the Paradox of Green Studies.
    Abstract: As Europe moves toward 1992 and full economic unity, and as Eastern Europe tries to find its way in the new economic order, the United States hesitates. Will the new European economic order be good for the U.S. or not? Such a question is exacerbated by world-wide changes in the technological order, most evident in Japan's new techno-economic power. As might be expected, philosophers have been slow to come to grips with such issues, and lack of interest is compounded by different philosophical styles in different parts of the world. What this volume addresses is more a matter of conflicting styles than a substantive confrontation with the real-world issues. But there is some attempt to be concrete. The symposium on Ivan Illich - with contributions from philosophers and social critics at the Penns- vania State University, where Illich has taught for several years - may suggest the old cliche of Old World vs. New World. Illich's fulminations against technology are often dismissed by Americans as old-world-style prophecy, while Illich seems largely unknown in his native Europe. But Albert Borgmann, born in Germany though now settled in the U.S., shows that this old dichotomy is difficult to maintain in our technological world. Borgmann's focus is on urgent technological problems that have become almost painfully evident in both Europe and America.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789401132381
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 237 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 124
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 124
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- I. Classification of Learning -- 2. History and the Encyclopedia -- 3. The Classification of the Visual Arts in the Renaissance -- 4. The Sixteenth-Century Transformation of the Aristotelian Division of the Speculative Sciences -- II. Movers and Shapers -- 5. Galen and Francis Bacon: Faculties of the Soul and the Classification of Knowledge -- 6. Forgotten Ways of Knowing: The Kabbalah, Language, and Science in the Seventeenth Century -- 7. Demonstration, Dialectic, and Rhetoric in Galileo’s Dialogue -- 8. Interpreting Nature: Gassendi versus Diderot on the Unity of Knowledge -- III. Institutions -- 9. The Curriculum of Italian Elementary and Grammar Schools, 1350-1500 -- 10. The Forms of Queen Christina’s Academies -- 11. The Early Society and the Shape of Knowledge -- 12. Periodical Publication and the Nature of Knowledge in Eighteenth-Century Europe -- 13. Epilogue -- Contributors.
    Abstract: The original idea for a conference on the "shapes of knowledge" dates back over ten years to conversations with the late Charles Schmitt of the Warburg Institute. What happened to the classifications of the sciences between the time of the medieval Studium and that of the French Encyclopedie is a complex and highly abstract question; but posing it is an effective way of mapping and evaluating long term intellectual changes, especially those arising from the impact of humanist scholarship, the new science of the seventeenth century, and attempts to evaluate, to apply, to reconcile, and to institutionalize these rival and interacting traditions. Yet such patterns and transformations cannot be well understood from the heights of the general history of ideas. Within the ~eneral framework of the organization of knowledge the map must be filled in by particular explorations and soundings, and our project called for a conference that would combine some encyclopedic (as well as interdisciplinary and inter­ national) breadth with scholarly and technical depth.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401579117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 469 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: I -- 1 — The Approach -- 2 — Situation Aspect -- 3 — The Linguistic Realization of the Situation Types -- 4 — Viewpoint Aspect -- 5 — Temporal Location -- 6 — The Formal Analysis of Aspect -- 7 — Aspectual Meaning in Discourse Representation Theory -- II -- 8 — The Aspectual System of English -- 9 — The Aspectual System of French -- 10 — The Aspectual System of Russian -- 11 — The Aspectual System of Mandarin Chinese -- 12 — The Aspectual System of Navajo -- References -- General Index -- Name Index.
    Abstract: During the period I have been working on this project I have received institutional support of several kinds, for which I am most grateful. I thank the Institute for Advanced Study at Stanford University, and the Spencer Foundation, for a stimulating environment in which the basic idea of this book was developed. The Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Nijmegen enabled me to spend several months working on the the manuscript. ANational Science Foundation grant to develop Discourse Representation theory, and a grant from The University Research Institute of the University of Texas, allowed me time to pursue this project. I also thank the Center for Cognitive Science at the University of Texas for research support. I thank Helen Aristar-Dry for reading early drafts of the manuscript, Östen Dahl for penetrating remarks on a preliminary version, and my collaborator Gilbert Rappaport for relentIess comments and questions throughout. The individuals with whom I have worked on particular languages are mentioned in the relevant chapters. I owe a particular debt of gratitude to the members of my graduate seminar on aspect in the spring of 1990: they raised many questions of importance which made a real difference to the working out of the theory. I have benefitted from presenting parts of this material publicly, including cOlloquia at the University of California at Berkeley, the University of California at San Diego, the University of Pennsylvania, Rice University, the University of Texas, and the University of Tel Aviv.
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