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  • 1990-1994  (78)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (78)
  • Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
  • Language and languages—Philosophy.  (42)
  • Ethics  (37)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789401107747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 420 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 234
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Statistics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Patrick Suppes is a philosopher and scientist whose contributions range over probability and statistics, mathematical and experimental psychology, the foundations of physics, education theory, the philosophy of language, measurement theory, and the philosophy of science. He has also been a pioneer in the area of computer assisted instruction. In each of these areas, Suppes has provided seminal ideas that in some cases led to shaping the direction of research in the field. The papers contained in this collection were commissioned with the mandate of advancing research in their respective fields rather than retrospectively surveying the contributions that Suppes himself has made. The authors form an interesting mixture of researchers in both formal philosophy of science and science itself all of whom have been inspired by his ideas. To maintain the spirit of constructive dialogue that characterizes Suppes's intellectual style, he has written individual responses to each article. In Volume 1: Probability and Probabilistic Causality, nineteen distinguished philosophers and scientists focus their attention on probabilistic issues. In Part I the contributors explore axiomatic representations of probability theory including qualitative and interval valued probabilities as well as traditional point valued probabilities. Belief structures and the dynamics of belief are also treated in detail. In Part II the rapidly growing field of probabilistic causation is assessed from both formal and empirical viewpoints. For probability theorists, statisticians, economists, philosophers of science, psychologists and those interested in the foundations of mathematical social science. In Volume 2: Philosophy of Physics, Theory Structure, and Measurement Theory, fifteen distinguished philosophers and scientists cover a wide variety of topics. Part III covers issues in quantum theory, geometry, classical mechanics, and computational physics. Part IV explores Suppes's well known set-theoretic account of scientific theories which has served him well throughout his career. Suppes's contributions to measurement theory have been widely used in mathematical psychology and elsewhere, and this material is the subject of Part V. For physicists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sicence, and philosophers of science. In Volume 3: Philosophy of Language and Logic, Learning and Action Theory, fourteen distinguished philosophers and scientists explore issues in the philosophy of languag ...
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789401582872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 145 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 1
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Logic ; Law—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book presents the New Theory of Argumentation, popularly known as the New Rhetoric, as an innovative theoretical and methodological system which will become increasingly important. Two factors determine the importance of this philosophy: (1) The collapse of all modern ideologies, many sociopolitical systems and their associated philosophies, whether of the right or the left, means that the era of the quick, dogmatic perception of how to force people to feel free and happy is over. (2) New forms and institutions of social and economic life must be found among the wreckage. The solutions sought must work best for the greatest number of people and must be flexible enough to allow the reinterpretation of all our determinations, from the very beginning. The New Rhetoric rejects all absolutist and dogmatic ideas. But neither does it support absolute relativism. It constitutes a method for the endless search for truthful explanations and for enlightened practical activity. Truth is only the process of approaching it. While critical of formal logic, the New Rhetoric develops the concepts of `other', `experimental', `flexible', and `logic of good sense'. The introduction and elaboration of the concept of `reasonableness' is presented as a milestone in the evolution of scientific methodology. The New Rhetoric has overcome the traditional contradictions between logic, rationalism and dialectic and has laid new foundations for a modern theory of morality, law, legal interpretation, and human rights. This book discusses such problems as: new moral notions, the new dilemma of Cain, the spurious notions of 'centrism', Antigone's new arguments, 'argumentation is not bargaining', new foundations of tolerance and justice. It ends with a section on 'Resolutions for the New Century', written in the spirit of traditional enlightenment, rule of reason and humanism, but which goes beyond them
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582735
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 367 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 228
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    Keywords: Mathematics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Poland has played an enormous role in the development of mathematical logic. Leading Polish logicians, like Lesniewski, Lukasiewicz and Tarski, produced several works related to philosophical logic, a field covering different topics relevant to philosophical foundations of logic itself, as well as various individual sciences. This collection presents contemporary Polish work in philosophical logic which in many respects continue the Polish way of doing philosophical logic. This book will be of interest to logicians, mathematicians, philosophers, and linguists
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 345 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theology and Medicine 2
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Ethics ; Religion.
    Abstract: What does religion or the religious traditions have to contribute to the discussion and resolution of contemporary bioethical issues? Each of the fifteen essays written for this volume addresses this question by treating a limited area within the volume's title area, Religious Methods and Resources in Bioethics. The essays keep in touch with the very concrete and specific nature of bioethics by illustrating their points with selected bioethical problems or cases. Some discuss the basic resources, methods and/or presuppositions which characterize the approach to bioethical issues of an entire tradition or a significant element thereof. Traditions represented include Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam and Judaism. Other authors, while working primarily within their own traditions - most frequently in this section in Christian thought and practice - address methodological issues which arise in a number of traditions. Such matters include casuistry, feminism, principalism and its rivals, virtue ethics, and the issue of ethics' impartial rationality. A final group addresses methodological questions within a given tradition. These include the use of scripture, and of non-canonical authoritative documents, and the role of religious practices in Christian bioethical thinking, and the use of responsa in the Jewish tradition. This volume will be of interest to any persons, beyond beginning undergraduate levels, concerned about religious contributions to bioethical issues
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789401583343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 284 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 237
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: At the turn of the century, Gottlob Frege and Edmund Husserl both participated in the discussion concerning the foundations of logic and mathematics. Since the 1960s, comparisons have been made between Frege's semantic views and Husserl's theory of intentional acts. In quite recent years, new approaches to the two philosophers' views have appeared. This collection of articles opens with the first English translation of Dagfinn Føllesdal's early classic on Husserl and Frege of 1958. The book brings together a number of new contributions by well-known authors and gives a survey of recent developments in the field. It shows that Husserl's thought is coming to occupy a central role in the philosophy of logic and mathematics, as well as in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science. The work is primarily meant for philosophers, especially for those working on the problems of language, logic, mathematics, and mind. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced courses in philosophy
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 263 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 238
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Metaphor is one of the most frequently evoked but at the same time most poorly understood concepts in philosophy and literary theory. In recent years, several interesting approaches to metaphor have been presented or outlined. In this volume, authors of some of the most important new approaches re-present their views or illustrate them by means of applications, thus allowing the reader to survey some of the prominent ongoing developments in this field. These authors include Robert Fogelin, Susan Haack, Jaakko Hintikka (with Gabriel Sandu), Bipin Indurkhya and Eva Kittay (with Eric Steinhart). Their stance is in the main constructive rather than critical; but frequent comparisons of different views further facilitate the reader's overview. In the other contributions, metaphor is related to the problems of visual representation (Noël Carroll), to the open class test (Avishai Margalit and Naomi Goldblum) as well as to Wittgenstein's idea of `a way of life' (E.M. Zemach)
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401108287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 142 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 21
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The contribution made by the Vienna Circle to ethics and the philosophy of action is increasingly being recognized. Here two previously unpublished pieces by Moritz Schlick and his pupil Josef Schächter set the scene, showing how ethics is not dependent on metaphysics but does require a sensitivity to strata of language other than that of science. Schächter (author of Prolegomena to a Critical Grammar, also in the VCC, and now doyen of educational philosophers in Israel) further develops this ethical theme in a too little known study of pessimistic dicta that he published in 1938. He succeeds (without ever assenting to it) in giving sense to the idea that it were better for a man never to have been born. The bulk of the book is devoted to two works by Friedrich Waismann, probably written not long after his emigration to England, also in 1938. There are a paper on ethics and science, which defends the Wittgensteinian view that morality is something one cannot defend, but only profess, and (itself more than half the volume) a treatise on will and motive, where the influence of Wittgenstein is mediated by that of Ryle and where many points in modern theory of action are anticipated with the author's usual sensitivity both to language and to the complexity of the human situation. (Joachim Schulte recently edited these two works in the original German, otherwise they have remained unpublished). This valuable addition to the VCC should illuminate both the history of the Circle and the kind of reflection on language and action which dominates the practical philosophy of our own day
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  • 8
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401109369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 53
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Part I of this book presents a theory of modal metaphysics in the possible-worlds tradition. `Worlds' themselves are understood as structured sets of properties; this `Ersatzist' view is defended against its most vigorous competitors, Meinongianism and David Lewis' theory of existent concrete worlds. Related issues of essentialism and linguistic reference are explored. Part II takes up the question of lexical meaning in the context of possible-world semantics. There are skeptical analyses of analyticity and the notion of a logical constant; and an `infinite polysemy' thesis is defended. The book will be of particular interest to metaphysicians, possible-world semanticists, philosophers of language, and linguists concerned with lexical semantics
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789401105019
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (201p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 45
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Anthropology ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self.
    Abstract: In a crisp, original style the author approaches the crucial question of moral theory, the `is--ought' problem via communicative argumentation. Moving to the end of Habermas's conception of the communicative action, he introduces the concept of `radical choice' as the key to the transition from the descriptive to the normative. Phenomenological subjectivity of the intersubjective life-world is being vindicated as the `arch-value' of all derivative values, or the first principle for all normative precepts. With exceptional acumen and mastery of the philosophical argument, the author -- a young native Chinese lately trained in a Western university -- delineates a fascinating route along which the philosophical question of justification raised in the analytic tradition can be answered on the basis of phenomenology. A noteworthy contribution to the interplay between the Anglo--American and Continental schools of philosophy
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789401113946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 315 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 6
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Ethics ; Economic policy ; Social sciences ; Management science. ; Business.
    Abstract: Multinational Corporations and the Impact of Public Advocacy on Corporate Strategy: Nestlé and the Infant Formula Controversy presents an in-depth analysis of the infant formula controversy and the resulting international boycott of Nestlé products launched by various social activist groups and church organizations. The actions of those groups culminated in the passage of the first international marketing code under the auspices of the World Health Organization. Based on exhaustive and unique research, the book details the Nestlé case and uses it to analyze a number of other major issues bearing on contemporary business strategy and operations in the national and international arena. Issues addressed include: The rising phenomenon of social activism and its affect on public opinion and public policy; The changing role of churches and other religious groups and their impact on corporate strategy and behavior; The emergence of UN affiliated international bodies, as both arbiters and regulators of market conduct of multinational corporations; The changing dynamics between multinational corporations and host countries; The factors which determine a company's behavior and its ability to adapt to changing societal expectations. £/LIST£ Multinational Corporations and the Impact of Public Advocacy on Corporate Strategy: Nestlé and the Infant Formula Controversy presents a microcosm of business society conflicts being played out in all parts of the world. This scholarly book will be of great interest to academics in the areas of management, business ethics, social conflict, and international regulation. It will also appeal to a broad corporate and government audience and to anyone interested in contemporary world affairs and the increasing globalization of socio-economic conflicts
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789401583138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 220 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 240
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume is a collection of essays in appreciation, analysis and honor of Paul Ziff, one of the leading American philosophers of the post-World War II period. The essays address questions that loomed large in Ziff's own work. Essays by Zeno Vendler, Jay Rosenberg, and Tom Patton address topics in philosophy of language: understanding, misunderstanding, rules, regularities, and proper names. Michael Resnik examines the nature of numbers, Rita Nolan addresses `mutant predicates', and Peter Alexander discusses microscopes and corpuscles. Douglas C. Long ruminates on Ziff's claim that machines can neither think nor feel. The essays of Dale Jamieson, Bill E. Lawson, Douglas Dempster, and Joseph Ullian address various questions in aesthetics: aesthetic appreciation and morality, expression, the scope of appreciation, and the aesthetics of sport. In the spirit of Ziff, Douglas Stalker criticizes some of the `mush' that looms large in our intellectual lives. The volume begins with a reminiscence by Paul Benacerraf, and ends with selections from an unpublished volume of plays by Paul Ziff. The volume should appeal to anyone whose work has been influenced by Ziff, or is interested in central philosophical problems concerning language, mind, and art
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401720182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 390 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 230
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Never before, in any anthology, have contemporary epistemologists and philosophers of language come together to address the single most neglected important issue at the confluence of these two branches of philosophy, namely: Can we know facts from reliable reports? Besides Hume's subversive discussion of miracles and the literature thereon, testimony has been bypassed by most Western philosophers; whereas in classical Indian (Pramana) theories of evidence and knowledge philosophical debates have raged for centuries about the status of word-generated knowledge. `Is the response "I was told by an expert on the subject" as respectable as "I saw" or "I inferred" in answer to "How do you know?"' is a question answered in diverse and subtle ways by Buddhists, Vaisesikas and Naiyayikas. For the first time this book makes available the riches of those debates, translating from Sanskrit some contemporary Indian Pandits' reactions to Western analytic accounts of meaning and knowledge. For advanced undergraduates in philosophy, for researchers - in Australia, Asia, Europe or America - on epistemology, theory of meaning, Indian or comparative philosophy, as well as for specialists interested in this relatively fresh topic of knowledge transmission and epistemic dependence this book will be a feast. After its publication analytic philosophy and Indian philosophy will have no excuse for shunning each other
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401583114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 614 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 236
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This collection of 38 papers gives a cross-section of ongoing research in philosophy of science and philosophical logic. The papers, written by active researchers in the field and published here for the first time, are drawn from around 650 papers that were contributed to the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala, Sweden, 1991. Some of the speakers whose contributions attracted special interest were invited to contribute their papers to this volume. A few papers appear here more or less as they were presented at the Congress, whereas others are expansions or elaborations of the talks given. There is one section with five papers on philosophical logic. The other papers deal with many different aspects of philosophy of science, including general methodological questions, problems of probability, induction and decision theory, and ethics of science and technology, as well as foundational problems about particular sciences. Five special sections are concerned with logic, mathematics and computer science, the physical sciences, the biological sciences, cognitive science, and linguistics, respectively. Finally, there is one section on the history of logic, methodology and philosophy of science. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science and logicians, as well as to all researchers interested in the foundations of their disciplines
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401108607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 253 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 46
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: The demand for consensus arises due to its absence. For each opinion held there will be another to counter it, and for each approach to problem solving an alternative will be suggested. Focusing on the bioethical problems surrounding new technical interventions in human reproduction, 15 authors try to examine the meaning, importance and feasibility of consensus. The very different perspectives from the philosophers, physicians, lawyers, theologians, politicians and sociologists contributing to this topic reflect on the difficulties and complexity of moral decision making, offer views on the problem of why decision making does not take place more harmoniously and asks if there can be any hope of a solution in a world where the discipline of contemporary ethics is characterised by a vast diversity - or chaos - of heterogenous theories and concurring approaches. This book is intended for philosophers, physicians, ethicists and everyone involved in moral decision making, to shape his or her understanding of this process and to help him or her to reflect on the concept of consensus
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401583787
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 259 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 2
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Much of contemporary philosophy, political theory, and social thought has been shaped directly or indirectly by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, though there is considerable disagreement about how his work should be understood. He has been described both as a metaphysician and characterized as an ironic narrator who anticipated the character of philosophy after metaphysics. His position is equally ambiguous with regard to his political thought. He has been construed both as an enemy of the liberal state and as a friend of freedom. This volume's revisionist reassessment, building on the scholarship of Klaus Hartmann, explores these ambiguities in favor of a non-metaphysical reading of Hegel's arguments. It also shows how the foundations of his political thought support a liberal democratic state. This reappraisal of Hegel's arguments resituates him as a philosopher who anticipates the difficulties of post-modernity and offers a basis for reassessing ontology, aesthetics, and revolution. Philosophers and those doing work in political theory will find this volume of great interest
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  • 16
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582919
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 331 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Comparative Literature ; Germanic languages ; Romance languages ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Negation, Critical Theory, and Postmodern Textuality features 14 new essays by leading specialists in critical theory, comparative literature, philosophy, and English literature. The essays, which present wide-ranging historical considerations of negation in light of recent developments in poststructuralism and postmodernism, range over many of the siginificant texts in which negation figures prominently. The book includes a wide-ranging introductory chapter that examines how attention to negation -- the inescapable nescience that is posited in any and every linguistic expression -- enhances the hermeneutic possibilities present in language. In addition, the four sections of the book bring together major critical interventions on, among others, negative meaning, unrecognizability, elenctic negation, apocalypse, nihilism, negation and gender, and denegation. All the essays involve close attention to key texts by major authors, including William Shakespeare, Henry James, Federico García Lorca, Samuel Beckett, Thomas Bernhard, Walt Whitman, E.M. Forster, Mary Shelley, Margaret Atwood, Roland Barthes, Douglas Barbour, Paul de Man, bp Nichol, Jacques Derrida, and Dogen Kigen. The volume opens up new areas in critical theory, comparative literature, and the philosophy of language, and defines a major new area of inquiry in relation to notions of postmodern textuality. Critical theorists, students of comparative literature, English literature, and the history of ideas, and those interested in the hermeneutic implications of postmodernism will find this volume of substantial interest. Its extensive bibliographical apparatus and index make the collection a valuable reference tool for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students as well as for those seeking a variety of interpretive approaches to the problem of negation in literature
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  • 17
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 394 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 239
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Mathematical logic. ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book contains seminal discussions of central issues in the philosophy of language, mathematics, mind, religion and time. Is common language conceptually prior to idiolectics? What is a theory of meaning? Does constructivism provide a satisfactory account of mathematics? What are indefinitely extensible concepts? Can we change the past? These are only some of the very important questions addressed here. Both the papers written by the contributors and Dummett's replies provide a great wealth of stimulating ideas for those who currently do research in the respective areas touched upon without making the reading exceedingly tedious. This feature, common to most of the papers in this book, makes it possible to use the material presented in undergraduate courses at university level
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  • 18
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583862
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 243 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theology and Medicine 3
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Religion (General) ; Ethics ; Bioethics. ; Religion. ; Medicine—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Efforts to evaluate the clinical encounter in terms of autonomous agents governed by rationally justified moral principles continue to be criticised. These essays, written by physicians, ethicists, theologians and philosophers, examine various models of the clinical encounter emerging out of these criticisms and explore the prospects they offer for theological and religious discourse. Individual essays focus on the reformulation of covenant models; revisions of principles approaches; and topics such as power, authority, narrative, rhetoric, dialogue, and alterity. The essays display a range of conclusions about whether theology articulates generally accessible religious insights or is a tradition-specific discipline. Hence the volume reflects current debates in theology while analysing current models of the clinical encounter. Students, professionals, and scholars who find themselves at the intersection of theology and medicine will welcome these voices in an ongoing conversation
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789401720410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 448 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 241
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Professor Donald Davidson is one of the most innovative and influential recent philosophers. Ranging over a variety of topics in the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and epistemology, his system of thought is unified by his inquiries into the nature of interpretation and understanding the speech and behavior of others. Together with its introduction, Language, Mind and Epistemology examines Davidson's unified stance towards philosophy by joining American and European authors within a collection of essays, published here for the first time. The authors discuss the central topics in Davidson's latest philosophy: his holistic truth-theoretic stance towards meaning and understanding, the epistemology of interpretation and translation, the externalist viewpoint in epistemology, the anti-Cartesian approach in accounting for first person authority, the thesis of anomalous monism, and the holistic conception of the mental
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 320 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theology and Medicine 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Religion (General) ; Ethics ; Bioethics. ; Religion. ; Medicine—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Despite reservoirs of moral discourse about duties in religious communities, professional caregiving traditions, and philosophical perspectives, the dominant moral language in contemporary biomedical ethics is that of `rights'. Duties to Others begins to correct this imbalance in our ethical language through theoretical expositions of the ideas of duty and of the `other', and by applied exemplifications of particular duties to identified others that arise in the context of health care. A pronounced multidisciplinary orientation informs this analysis of our moral call to respond to the needs of others. The essays in this volume offer a stimulating intellectual freshness through a continual engagement of theological, professional, and philosophical understandings of the duties that arise in our relationships with others in medicine, nursing, and social contexts. Duties to Others provides provocative challenges about the terrain of our moral world for both students and professionals in biomedical ethics, medicine, philosophy, and theology
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  • 21
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401124805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 234 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’histoire Des Idées 133
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 133
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: Written seven years after publication of his Search after Truth, Malebranche's Treatise on Ethics develops a detailed, `experimental' science of ethics in two parts; the ethics of virtue and the ethics of duty. Part One distinguishes six sources of motivation: sense perceptions, passions, imagination, and `inner feelings' of love as-respect, as-goodwill and as-esteem. He examines how each is to be evaluated. This is interwoven with an Aristotelian analysis of act and habit, and voluntary vs. involuntary acts, and practical reasoning. This part concludes with two basic virtues; `the strength of the mind' and `freedom of the mind'. Part Two explores our duties to ourselves. to others, to our sovereign, and to God. The translator's introduction discusses the place of Malebranche's ethics within his larger system, his borrowings and innovations, and his impact on later philosophers. Craig Walton is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Institute for Ethics and Policy Studies at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas
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  • 22
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401125000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 141
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 141
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is a collection of papers on philosophy of science, conceptual history of science, and sociology of science written by Taiwanese scholars. It is perhaps one of the best, written by Taiwanese, in all Chinese-speaking societies. Some works in it show Orientals study topics that are typically Western philosophy of science. Others show how traditional topics in the history of Chinese science (mathematics, optics, and geology) could be studied with high sensitivity to the philosophy and sociology of science. It also touches upon issues of the `autonomous' development of social sciences in Taiwan, a society whose academic researches are greatly influenced by the West. This collection will prove stimulating and valuable to general and scholarly readers alike who are interested in philosophy and history of science, especially as related to East Asia and the West. The book will interest scholars in philosophy of science, philosophy of language and psychology, studies of philosophy of science in the third world, history of Chinese science, history of science in East Asia, and history of mathematics
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789401581615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 285 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 51
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Metaphysics ; Comparative linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: The Language of Propositions and Events offers a comprehensive theory of the relation between noun meaning and verb meaning. Two main theses are defended in this book. The first thesis is that an adequate account of the interpretation and distribution of nominals calls for a distinction between three types of entities in the domain of discourse: events, propositions, and states of affairs. It is argued that different types of nominals differ in their ability to denote entities of these types and that predicates differ in their ability to select for them. The second main thesis is that an adequate characterization of the relation between noun meaning and verb meaning can be given by taking account of the fact that situations may stand in the part of relation. Kratzer's semantics of situations is the basis for this analysis of nominalization. Moreover, the book addresses the issue of the argument structure of nominals and offers an analysis of the puzzling distribution of infinito sostantivato in Italian. For graduate students in semantics and syntax, theoretical linguists, philosophers of language, students of Romance linguistics
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  • 24
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581981
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 239 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 18
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Logic ; Administrative law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: Law is traditionally conceived as consisting of norms of conduct and power-conferring norms. This conception, however, is unable to account for a variety of elements of modern legal systems that differ significantly from the classical notions. This book concerns the problem of which results of human activity can obtain legal validity. The author makes use of recent findings in speech act theory, especially John R. Searle and Daniel Vanderveken's illocutionary logic. He sets out a theory of legal norms conceived as institutional legal facts resulting from performances of speech acts specified in power-conferring norms. The theory provides a classification of acts-in-the-law and of legal norms resulting from performances of these. Finally, the transition is made from institutional legal facts to legal institutions. The book is a contribution to the institutional theory of law as developed by N. MacCormick and O. Weinberger
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  • 25
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401117159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 455 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Humanities ; Logic ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse presents a novel framework and analysis of the ways we refer to abstract objects in natural language discourse. The book begins with a typology of abstract objects and related entities like eventualities. After an introduction to `bottom up, compositional' discourse representation theory (DRT) and to previous work on abstract objects in DRT (notably work on the semantics of the attitudes), the book turns to a semantic analysis of eventuality and abstract object denoting nominals in English. The book then substantially revises and extends the dynamic semantic framework of DRT to develop an analysis of anaphoric reference to abstract objects and eventualities that exploits discourse structure and the discourse relations that obtain between elements of the structure. A dynamic, semantically based theory of discourse structure (SDRT) is proposed, along with many illustrative examples. Two further chapters then provide the analysis of anaphoric reference to propositions VP ellipsis. The abstract entity anaphoric antecedents are elements of the discourse structures that SDRT develops. The final chapter discusses some logical and philosophical difficulties for a semantic analysis of reference to abstract objects. For semanticists, philosophers of language, computer scientists interested in natural language applications and discourse, philosophical logicians, graduate students in linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science and artificial intelligence
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401118620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 295 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 39
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Rationality in its various expressions and innumerable applications sustains understanding and our sense of reality. It is traditionally differentiated according to its sources in the soul: in consciousness, in reason, in experience, and in elevation. Such a functional approach, however, leaves us searching for the common foundation harmonizing these rationalities. The perennial quest to resolve the aporias of rationality is finding in contemporary science’s focus on origins, on the generative roots of reality, tantalizing hints as to how this may be accomplished. This project is enhanced by the wave of recent phenomenology/ontopoiesis of life, which reveals/expresses the workings of the logos at the root of beingness and all rationality, whereby we gaze upon the prospect of a New Enlightenment. In the rays of this vision the revival of the intuitions of classical Islamic metaphysics, particularly intuition of the continuity of beingness in the gradations of life, receive fresh confirmation
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789401118866
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 306 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bioethics Yearbook 3
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: As the field of bioethics has matured, increasing attention is being paid to how bioethical issues are treated in different moral and religious traditions and in different regions of the world. It is often difficult, however, to obtain accurate information about these matters. The Bioethics Yearbook series provides interested parties with analyses of how such issues as new reproductive techniques, abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, care of seriously ill newborns, consent, confidentiality, equitable access, cost-containment, withholding and withdrawing treatment, active euthanasia, the definition of death, and organ transplantation are being discussed in different religious traditions and regions. Volume Three discusses theological developments from 1990--1992 in Anglican, Baptist, Buddhist, Catholic, Continental Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Hindu, Jewish, Latter-Day Saint, Lutheran, Methodist, Muslim, and Presbyterian traditions. Volume Four will continue coverage of official governmental and medical society policies on these topics throughout the world
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  • 28
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401737104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 294 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Yearbook of Morphology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Phonology ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology.
    Abstract: A revival of interest in morphology has taken place during recent years and the subject is seen now as a relatively autonomous subdiscipline of linguistics. As one of the important areas of theoretical research in formal linguistics, morphology has attracted linguists to investigate its relations to syntax, semantics, phonology, psycholinguistics and language change. The aim of the Yearbook of Morphology, therefore, is to support and enforce the upswing of morphological research and to give an overview of the current issues and debates at the heart of this revival
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789401582285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 232 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 45
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; History ; Medicine—History. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: This book offers the first wide-ranging survey of early medical ethics, primarily, but not exclusively, in the English-speaking world. Based on fresh historical research and philosophical analysis, the period covered is the `long eighteenth century', culminating in the notable formal ethics of John Gregory and Thomas Percival. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the ethical dilemmas of actual practice and the formulations of philosophically-minded physicians. The historical and philosophical roots of late Enlightenment medical-ethical theories are also examined. A second volume (1993) will examine developments in the nineteenth century
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  • 30
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581653
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 154 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Ethics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: The Ethics of Business in a Global Economy contains essays by business leaders from four nations. This is followed by analyses of three key topics by scholars active in the fields of economics and ethics, and statements by practitioners of four major world religions on the relevance of their respective traditions to the ethics of business. Finally, there are six brief case studies prepared by two business ethicists about specific ethical issues arising in international business. The authors address different facets of one of the most dramatic new facts of our time, the globalization of business. With many corporations now operating around the world and others planning a significant expansion of markets, this development is destined to accelerate in coming decades. The Ethics of Business in a Global Economy is a valuable resource both for the student of business ethics, as well as for those who want to explore the interrelationship between business, ethics, and religion in order to discover how collaboration between people in these three fields can contribute to a more just society
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  • 31
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 313 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1993], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 1
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Development is the first Yearbook of the Vienna Circle Institute, which was founded in October 1991. The book contains original contributions to an international symposium which was the first public event to be organised by the Institute: `Vienna--Berlin--Prague: The Rise of Scientific Philosophy: The Centenaries of Rudolf Carnap, Hans Reichenbach and Edgar Zilsel.' The first section of the book - `Scientific Philosophy - Origins and Developments' reveals the extent of scientific communication in the inter-War years between these great metropolitan centres, as well as presenting systematic investigations into the relevance of the heritage of the Vienna Circle to contemporary research and philosophy. This section offers a new paradigm for scientific philosophy, one which contrasts with the historiographical received view of logical empiricism. Support for this re-evaluation is offered in the second section, which contains, for the first time in English translation, Gustav Bergmann's recollections of the Vienna Circle, and an historical study of political economist Wilhelm Neurath, Otto Neurath's father. The third section gives a report on current computer-based research which documents the relevance of Otto Neurath's `Vienna method of pictorial statistics', or `Isotypes'. A review section describes new publications on Neurath and the Vienna Circle, as well anthologies relevant to Viennese philosophy and its history, setting them in their wider cultural and political perspective. Finally, a description is given of the Vienna Circle Institute and its activities since its foundation, as well as of its plans for the future
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  • 32
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581431
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 236 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 17
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Environmental management ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Current environmental problems and technological risks are a challenge for a new institutional arrangement of the value spheres of Science, Politics and Morality. Distinguished authors from different European countries and America provide a cross-disciplinary perspective on the problems of political decision making under the conditions of scientific uncertainty. cases from biotechnology and the environmental sciences are discussed. The papers collected for this volume address the following themes: (i) controversies about risks and political decision making; (ii) concepts of science for policy; (iii) the use of social science in the policy making process; (iv) ethical problems with developments in science and technology; (v) public and state interests in the development and control of technology
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789401119962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 123 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences ; History ; Comparative literature. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Passions of Rhetoric reveals Lessing's contribution to the history of rhetoric and his participation in the long-standing debate between philosophy and rhetoric. - Attempts a reassessment of the importance of rhetoric to argumentation in the 18th century. - Establishes that Lessing developed his own views on rhetoric and argumentation and that these views were opposed to the anti-rhetorical position of other 18th century intellectuals, including Kant. - The few treatments of Lessing's polemical writings that have appeared in the last few years concentrate on the practice of rhetoric and not on Lessing's own views on language and argument. Moore's work, on the other hand, combines both an interest in style of argument and the philosophy which informs it, a rich tradition going back to the ancient Greeks. The book is required reading for students of European rhetoric, 18th century German critical writing, 18th century polemics on theatre and theology. All quotations in German have been translated into English to inform a wider audience
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  • 34
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Economics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy presents a multicultural perspective of global business ethics with special emphasis on Japanese viewpoints. In contrast to the typical business ethics book written primarily from the viewpoint of Western culture and economy, the majority of the work is by Asian scholars, providing an historical overview of the religious, scientific and cultural phenomena which converged to create modern Japanese business ethics. Perspectives from socioeconomics, sociology, social contract and applied business ethics contribute to the analysis of moral issues. A new Japanese approach to moral science, Moralogy, is introduced and its implications for phenomena such as the Keiretsu system are explored. Concurrently, prominent Western ethicists explore the role of moral language and the implications of Kantian ethics and contractarian approaches for developing universal moral standards. Because Japan is an economic superpower, it is critical to understand the hidden economic culture, work ethic, and way of thinking in business. We must realize these are the results of an integration of historical factors, such as Shintoism, Buddhism, Confuctianism and modern Western science and technology. Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy provides philosophical and anthropological analyses of the Japanese economic mind, departing from previous stereotyped approaches. Theoretical discussions based upon social contract theory are presented in order to build ethical norms with cross-cultural activity for multinational economic activities. From such a universal stance, practical proposals are presented to transnationalize the Keiretsu system and other Japanese economic institutions
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  • 35
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401737128
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 273 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Yearbook of Morphology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Phonology ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology.
    Abstract: Recent years have seen a revival of interest in morphology. The Yearbook of Morphology series supports and enforces this upswing of morphological research and gives an overview of the current issues and debates at the heart of this revival. The Yearbook of Morphology 1993 focuses on prosodic morphology, i.e. the interaction between morphological and prosodic structure, on the semantics of word formation, and on a number of related issues in the realm of inflection: the structure of paradigms, the relation between inflection and word formation, and patterns of language change with respect to inflection. There is also discussion of the relevance of the notion `level ordering' for morphological generalizations. All theoretical and historical linguists, morphologists, and phonologists will want to read this volume
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789401729604
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 339 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 44
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Medicine—History. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Science, Technology, and the Art of Medicine contains papers by eminent scholars who discuss issues and concepts regarding the character of medicine. Special attention is given to the extent to which medicine is a science, art, and technology. Investigations are carried out with a particular focus on the nature of medical knowledge. Concepts of medical research, medical causality, intuition, and medical decision-making are examined in the light of medicine's revolutionary advances in the twentieth century. Past perspectives and present perplexities are also examined, bringing together a volume in the philosophy of medicine that treats a broad range of issues in medical epistemology and practise in a careful, critical fashion
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789401581226
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 169 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Clinical Medical Ethics 4
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Public health laws ; Ethics ; Medical laws and legislation.
    Abstract: Substantial efforts have recently been made to reform the physician-patient relationship, particularly toward replacing the `silent world of doctor and patient' with informed patient participation in medical decision-making. This 'new ethos of patient autonomy' has especially insisted on the routine provision of informed consent for all medical interventions. Stronly supported by most bioethicists and the law, as well as more popular writings and expectations, it still seems clear that informed consent has, at best, been received in a lukewarm fashion by most clinicians, many simply rejecting what they commonly refer to as the `myth of informed consent'. The purpose of this book is to defuse this seemingly intractable controversy by offering an efficient and effective operational model of informed consent. This goal is pursued first by reviewing and evaluating, in detail, the agendas, arguments, and supporting materials of its proponents and detractors. A comprehensive review of empirical studies of informed consent is provided, as well as a detailed reflection on the common clinician experience with attempts at informed consent and the exercise of autonomy by patients. In the end, informed consent is recast as a management tool for pursuing clinically and ethically important goods and values that any clinician should see as meriting pursuit. Concurrently, the model incorporates a flexible, anticipatory approach that recognizes that no static, generic ritual can legitimately pursue the quite variable goods and values that may be at stake with different patients in different situations. Finally, efficiency of provision is addressed by not pursuing the unattainable and ancillary. Throughout, the traditional principle of beneficence is appealed to toward articulating an operational model of informed consent as an intervention that is likely to change outcomes at the bedside for the better
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  • 38
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581790
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 227
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Ethics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: These new papers by distinguished Kant scholars are collected from a conference held in honor of one of the world's foremost authorities on Kant: William H. Werkmeister. The contributors present novel interpretations of the development of Kant's thought up to and beyond the three famous Critiques. Frederick Van De Pitte raises important questions about Kant's theory of concept formation; Paul Guyer and R.M. Hare contribute provocative essays on Kant's ethics; Donald Crawford and Ted Cohen offer valuable accounts of Kant's theory of aesthetic judgment; and two probing studies of the most interesting problems of the Opus postumum are provided by Burkhard Tuschling and Professor Werkmeister himself. This book should be read by professional Kant scholars, historians of modern philosophy, and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in these fields
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  • 39
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582261
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 18
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 18
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book develops and defends a version of utilitarianism, including expected-utility theory, as a normative model of decision making. The defense, based on the idea of utility as achievement of goals, considers the endorsement of a norm as a decision and asks what reasons we have to endorse norms for decision making. The reasons derive from our pre-existing goals, so any norm we endorse must not fly in the face of these goals, although it must not be selfishly biased, either. This approach is further clarified by drawing distinctions between decisions for the self, for a single other person, for several others, and for the self and others. The book discusses the implications of this argument for the psychological study of decision making, the act--omission distinction, moral education, decision analysis, risk analysis, and other questions of public policy. The final chapter sketches a prescriptive approach to group decision making
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401127776
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 146 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 55
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Are we morally required to act in the interests of others? Does our worth as persons depend in any way on our valuing the good of others? These questions, illustrative of those addressed in this book, concern the relevance of other-interested considerations -- of facts about what is good or bad for others -- to the moral status of persons and their actions. Pursuing answers to such questions is not only interesting and important in its own right, but also yields valuable insights in to the nature of morality. A distinguishing feature of the book is its unusually comprehensive treatment of the moral significance of other-interested considerations per se, of how these considerations are interrelated, and of where they should be located in more general moral theory. It will be of greatest interest to individuals with fairly well-developed philosophical interests and abilities -- to teachers and advanced students of moral philosophy in particular
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  • 41
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401126601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 180 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 221
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Anthropology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A volume of essays on the themes of tradition, oral communication versus literal communication, Wittgenstein, and computers. The later Wittgenstein is shown to be on the one hand a traditionalist, and on the other hand, along with Heidegger, a philosopher of postmodern -- secondary -- orality, yearning for bygone, premodern times -- the times of primary orality. Under conditions of primary orality traditions fulfilled the specific cognitive role of conserving information -- a role subsequently taken over by writing, and today by electronic data processing. The message of the volume is that the Western values of individuality and critical thinking are intimately bound up with the technology of writing. It offers arguments in favour of the standards and techniques of classical education even under conditions of, indeed as a foundation for, the emerging computer culture
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  • 42
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401734257
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophers contributing new ideas are commonly caught within a received philosophical vocabulary and will often coin new, technical terms. Husserl understood himself as advancing a new theory of intentionality, and he fashioned the new vocabulary of `noesis' and `noema'. But Husserl's own statements regarding the noema are ambiguous. Hence, it is no surprise that controversy has ensued. The articles in this book elucidate and clarify the notion of the noema; the book includes articles which phenomenologically describe and analyze the noemata of various experiences as well as articles which undertake the `metaphenomenological' explication of the doctrine of the noema. These two enterprises cannot be isolated from one another. Any analysis of the noema of a particular type of experience will necessarily illustrate, at least by instantiating the general notion of noema. And any metaphenomenological account of the noema itself will guide particular researches into the noemata of particular experiences
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  • 43
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401127516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 297 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's Vaiyakarana-bhusana is a massive work on semantic theory written in India in the 17th century. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta belonged to the tradition of Sanskrit grammar and in this work he consolidated the philosophy of language developed in the Paninian tradition of Sanskrit grammar. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's work takes account of the philosophical debate which occurred in classical and medieval India among the philosophers and grammarians from about 500 B.C. to the 17th century A.D. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's work primarily represents this debate between the traditions of Sanskrit grammar, Mi&mdotu;amsa, and Nyaya-Vaisesika. It discusses ontological, epistemological, and exegetical issues concerning the notion of meaning as it relates to the various components of language. The present book is a heavily annotated translation of the Namartha-nirnaya section of Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's Vaiyakarana-bhusana, with an extensive introduction. While there are several books that discuss Indian semantic theories in general terms, this book belongs to a small class of intensive, focused studies of densely written philosophical texts which examines each argument in its historical and philosophical context. It is of interest to all students of philosophy of language in general, and to students of Indian philosophy in particular
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  • 44
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401722520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 457 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 13
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy of mind ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Many metaphors go beyond pionting to the existing similarities between two objects -- they create the similarities. Such metaphors, which have been relegated to the back seat in most of the cognitive science research, are the focus of attention in this study, which addresses the creation of similarity within an elaborately laid out interactive framework of cognition. Starting from the constructivist views of Nelson Goodman and Jean Piaget, this framework resolves an apparent paradox in interactionism: how can reality not have a mind-independent ontology and structure, but still manage to constrain the possible worlds a cognitive agent can create in it? A comprehensive theory of metaphor is proposed in this framework that explains how metaphors can create similarities, and why such metaphors are an invaluable asset to cognition. The framework is then applied to related issues of analogical reasoning, induction, and computational modeling of creative metaphors
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  • 45
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401719803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 480 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Humanities ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: This book contains articles on the theory, acquisition and processing of island constraints. The book is unique in taking an interdisciplinary approach to a syntactic phenomenon that has been at the center of linguistic debates since the 1960s. Both transformational and non-transformational approaches to island constraints are represented. The papers in the volume show how data from empirical studies of the role of island constraints in processing and acquisition by normals and by special populations can contribute to our understanding of broad issues concerning the representation of linguistic structures in the mind, including the interplay between lexical, pragmatic and syntactic knowledge. In addition, they contribute vital data to specific on-going debates in processing and development, such as the emergence of movement rules in children's grammars and the temporal ordering of events in the analysis of discontinuous dependencies by the language processor. The papers in the volume exploit examples from a variety of languages and use a variety of experimental techniques to marshal arguments for specific models of the theory of island constraints and their deployment in real-time language acquisition and language processing
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789401579599
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 337 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 48
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    Keywords: Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The grammatical phenomenon of control subsumes a variety of cases where an understood argument of a complement or adjunct clause is related to an explicit element occurring elsewhere in the sentence. The control phenomenon, though familiar from many languages, and widely discussed, has remained a persistent and controversial topic in grammatical analysis. This volume presents nine new, theoretical studies of control. The authors explore the subject matter across a range of languages and constructions, in several different frameworks, and from a variety of perspectives including syntax, semantics, psycholinguistics and historical linguistics. The articles in this collection offer a stimulating introduction to the spectrum of issues in control theory and their bearing on theoretical linguistics today. The contributors include: Steven Franks, Kenneth Hale, James Higginbotham, Norbert Hornstein, James Huang, Pauline Jacobson, Brian Joseph, Howard Lasnik, Kenneth Wexler, and Edwin Williams
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789401730662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 462 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 224
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Semantics ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This treatise, in its first part, moves from a consideration of behavior and ulterance through a definition of assertion as a kind of utterance to a consideration of statements, conceived of as products of assertion, to be represented by pairs of testing procedures of verification and falsification. The treatise, in its second part, identifies a small number of basic forms of testing procedures, affiliated to the syncategoremata of classical philosophy, and uses these to represent all distinguishable, humanly producible, forms of statement. This same apparatus is used, in the third part of the treatise, to explain our conception of an object of reference and of various constructions from such objects. Particular attention is given to bodies and to other things met with in space and time, where it is finally argued that bodies, as we have explained them, are our most fundamental objects of reference
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789401714648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 322 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 127
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 127
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: The articles in this book display the originality and creativity of Eros and Eris, and their important role in the history of our culture, particularly in the history of philosophy and its role in today's systematic philosophy. Although these contributions to a hermeneutical phenomenology in this compilation are organized in a linear-chronological order (treating Homer, Hesiod, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Bonaventure, Thomas Aquinas, Cusanus, Kant, Hegel, Schelling, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger and Levinas), they all carry out their own hermeneutical movement in the history of philosphy on the basis of a commitment with out life, here and now, and a thematic, professional interest. Among the contributors are: R. Bernasconi, J. Colette, J.F. Courtine, L. Dupré, Kl. Düsing, J. Greisch, J. Kockelmans, P.-J. Labarrière and G. Jarczyk, E. Levinas, Al. Lingis, J.-L. Marion, O. Pöggeler, W. Richardson, P. Ricoeur, J. Sallis, M. Theunissen and S. IJsseling
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789401128469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 434 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bioethics Yearbook 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health laws ; Religion (General) ; Ethics ; Political science. ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Religion. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: As noted in Volume 1, the Yearbook series alternates between a biennial volume tracing recent theological discussions on topics in bioethics and a biennial volume tracing recent regional discussions in bioethics. Volume 2 provides for the first time a comprehensive single-volume summary of recent international and regional developments on specific topics in bioethics. To give uniformity to the discussions all authors were asked to report on the following topics: new reproductive technologies, abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, case of severely disabled newborns, consent of treatment and experimentation, confidentiality, equitable access to health care, ethical concerns raised by cost-containment measures, decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment, active euthanasia, the definition of death, organ donation and transplantation. The internationally respected contributors report on the following 16 areas: the United States, Canada, Latin America, the United Kingdom and Ireland, France, the Netherlands, Germany/Austria/Switzerland, Eastern Europe, Spain/Portugal/Italy/Scandinavia, India, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, Australia/New Zealand, Council of Europe/EEC. The commentators draw on three sets of resources: Statutes, legislative proposals, and regulatory changes that directly influence, or have implications for, areas of bioethical concern; Case law and court judgments that shape, either decisively or suggestively, recent legal interpretations of particular issues of areas in bioethics; Formal statements of governmentally appointed commissions, advisory bodies, and representative professional groups, as well as less formal statements and recommendations of other organisations. In addition to providing timely summaries of recent developments, the volume offers rich and useful bibliographical references to a wide array of documents, many of which would be difficult for readers to learn about, given the lack of centralized international collection of such documents. The Yearbook should be widely consulted by all bioethicists, public policy analysts, lawyers and theologians
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  • 50
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580861
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 316 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 17
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Law—History. ; Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This work presents, interprets, and largely defends the legal philosophy of H.L.A. Hart, except for his account of causation. Hart is considered by many persons to be the most important English writer on jurisprudence in the 20th century. The book considers his general theory of law, his theory of rights and of the enforcement of morality, and his analysis of the conditions of legal resposibility and the justification of punishment
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789401131728
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 224 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bioethics Yearbook 1
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics
    Abstract: As the field of bioethics has matured, increasing attention is being paid to how bioethical issues are treated in different moral and religious traditions and in different parts of the world. It is often difficult, however, to get accurate information about these matters. The Bioethics Yearbook Series provides interested parties with analyses of how such issues as new reproductive techniques, abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, care of seriously ill newborns, consent, confidentiality, equitable access, cost-containment, withdrawing treatment, active euthanasia, the definition of death, and organ transplantation are being discussed in these different traditions and different parts of the world. The first volume, and every second succeeding volume, will discuss developments in the Anglican, Baptist, Buddhist, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Hindu, Jewish, LDS, Lutheran, Methodist, Muslim, and Presbyterian Traditions. The second volume, and every second volume succeeding it, will discuss official governmental and medical society policies on these topics throughout the world
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789401124843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 212 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 124
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 124
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I. Meditation ist Erfahrung Fundierend? -- Abschnitt 1. Das wahrgenommene Dingobjekt: Würfel oder Hexaeder? -- Abschnitt 2. Immanente Wahrnehmung und temporale Horizonte -- Abschnitt 3. Immanente Wahrnehmung oder Reflexion? -- Abschnitt 4. Eidos und Erfahrung -- Abschnitt 5. Das vergessene Vergessen und das verlernte Lernen -- Abschnitt 6. Wesentliche Ambivalenz der wahrnehmenden Erfahrung -- II. Meditation Eine Welt, Viele Welten -- Abschnitt 1. Gibt es eine Erfahrung der Welt? -- Abschnitt 2. Ontische Welt und Welthorizont -- Abschnitt 3. Der offene Horizont -- Abschnitt 4. Vielfalt von Welten -- Abschnitt 5. Welt, Endlichkeit und Faktizität -- Abschnitt 6. Die horizontlose Welt der Wissenschaft -- III. Meditation Ontologie des Zusammenspiels -- Abschnitt 1. Erfahrung und Kontemplation -- Abschnitt 2. Leibliche Erfahrung -- Abschnitt 3. Zusammenspiel und Optimalsituation -- Abschnitt 4. Das Spiel der Hände -- IV. Meditation Konstitution und Zusammenspiel -- Abschnitt 1. Mitkonstituenten und Mitkonstituierende -- Abschnitt 2. Lebenswelt und Praxis -- Abschnitt 3. Normativität der Lebenswelt -- Abschnitt 4. Konstitution einer Umwelt -- Abschnitt 5. Höherstufige Tradition -- Abschnitt 6. Vorläufige Zwischenbetrachtung -- V. Meditation Welt im Widerspruch -- Abschnitt 1. Irrtum, Fehlschlag, Konflikt -- Abschnitt 2. Der Andere und der Fremde -- Abschnitt 3. Heimwelt und Fremdwelt -- Abschnitt 4. Fremde draußen, Fremde drinnen -- Abschnitt 5. Die Fremdwelt als Gegenwelt -- Abschnitt 6. Probleme des relativen Sinnes -- VI. Meditation Naturaler Bereich und Welt des Menschen -- Abschnitt 1. Zusammenspiel und symbiotische Verflechtung -- Abschnitt 2. Welt ohne Wahrheit -- Abschnitt 3. Welt ohne Güte -- VII. Meditation die Dimension der Höhe -- Abschnitt 1. Sinn und Sinngebung -- Abschnitt 2. Symbolisches Verhalten -- Abschnitt 3. Dualismus, Monismus, Exteriorität -- VIII. Meditation Grenzen Einer Transzendentalphilosophie -- Abschnitt 1 Die Eigenart von Husserls transzendentalem Denken -- Abschnitt 2. Ethische Erfahrung -- IX. Meditation Absolute Verantwortung -- Abschnitt 1. Das “desiderium” der Getrennten -- Abschnitt 2. Zusammenspiel und ethische Initiative -- Abschnitt 3. Die Absolutheit der Verantwortung -- Abschnitt 4. Das Sagen als Zuwendung -- X. Meditation Vernunftglaube -- Abschnitt 1. “Ent-täuschung” der wissenschaftlichen Vernunft -- Abschnitt 2. Der Phänomenologe am Scheideweg -- Abschnitt 3. Eine Ethik des Friedens -- Abschnitt 4. Zweierlei Wahrheitsethos -- Abschnitt 5. Ratio militans -- Bibliographie -- Namenregister.
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  • 53
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 199 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: 2: The Problem of Sentential Unity -- 2.1 The Asymmetry Thesis -- 2.2 The Related Designation Theory -- 2.3 The Two Views Compared -- 3: The Sense-Reference Distinction -- 3.1 The Sense-Reference Distinction -- 3.2 The Sense-Reference Distinction In Pr?bh?kara -- 3.3 The Sense-Reference Distinction In Buddhist Philosophy Of Language -- 3.4 Related Designation And apoha Semantics -- 4: Talk About the Non-Existent -- 4.1 Are Absences Perceived Or Inferred? -- 4.2 Conceptual Constructions -- 4.3 Affirmation, Denial, And Reference -- 4.4 Talking About The Non-Existent -- 4.5 Objections And Replies -- 4.6 The Alternatives -- References.
    Abstract: What can the philosophy of language learn from the classical Indian philosophical tradition? As recently as twenty or thirty years ago this question simply would not have arisen. If a practitioner of analytic philosophy of language of that time had any view of Indian philosophy at all, it was most likely to be the stereotyped picture of a gaggle of navel­ gazing mystics making vaguely Bradley-esque pronouncements on the oneness of the one that was one once. Much work has been done in the intervening years to overthrow that stereotype. Thanks to the efforts of such scholars as J. N. Mohanty, B. K. Matilal, and Karl Potter, philoso­ phers working in the analytic tradition have begun to discover something of the range and the rigor of classical Indian work in epistemolgy and metaphysics. Thus for instance, at least some recent discussions of personal identity reflect an awareness that the Indian Buddhist tradition might prove an important source of insights into the ramifications of a reductionist approach to personal identity. In philosophy of language, though, things have not improved all that much. While the old stereotype may no longer prevail among its practitioners, I suspect that they would not view classical Indian philoso­ phy as an important source of insights into issues in their field. Nor are they to be faulted for this.
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  • 54
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 241 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemolog Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: “Ma vie en bref” -- “Indeterminism or Instability, Does It Matter?” -- “Covariance and the Non-Preference of Coordinate Systems” -- “Kant’s ‘Platonic’ Argument in Behalf of the A Priori Character of the Representation of Space” -- “The Sense of the A Priori Method in Leibniz’s Dynamics” -- “Méthode axiomatique et idée de système dans l’oeuvre de Jules Vuillemin” -- “Algebra, Constructibility, and the Indeterminate” -- “On Whether an Answer to a Why-Question Is an Explanation If and Only If It Yields Scientific Understanding” -- “Some Revisionary Proposals About Belief and Believing” -- “Quantification, Modality, and Semantic Ascent” -- “Temporal Necessity, Time and Ability: a philosophical commentary on Diodorus Cronus’ Master Argument as given in the interpretation of Jules Vuillemin” -- “Replies” -- List of the Publications of Jules Vuillemin, 1947–1989.
    Abstract: Deservedly so, Jules Vuillemin is widely respected and greatly admired. It is not simply that he has produced a large body of outstanding work, in many different areas of philosophy. Or that he combines to an unusual degree rigorous standards with a very wide perspective. Or even that in his path-breaking accounts of algebra, of !)escartes, of Kant and of Russell, he showed in new and profound ways how the histories of science and philosophy could be used to illuminate each other. It is also that he has pursued the application of formal techniques and the defense of liberal institutions with a rare singlemindedness and courage. In a time and place where the former were generally ignored and the latter often attacked, he carried on, at some personal cost, embodying a traditional and ideal conception of the philosophical life, bridging national differences. Those who know him also treasure his friendship. Always curious, he delights in new facts and new experiences, and continually heightens the perception of those around him. Almost yearly, at the College de France he introduced brand new courses always with fresh and fruitful inSights. Exceptionally solicitous, he follows the lives of the families around him in great detail. The devotion of his students is legend. His personal energy is also legend. Many of us have followed him bounding up the stairs two at a time or through the gardens of the Luxembourg, his wit and irony apace.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133807
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 214 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Clinical Medical Ethics 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Neurosciences ; Ethics
    Abstract: One: Introduction -- Two: Treatment Refusal and the Patient’s Choice: Foundations in History, Law, and Ethics -- Three: The “Future Factor”: Conceptual Foundations of Advance Directives -- Four: Advance Directives: Current Forms, Legal Fears, Moral Goals -- Five: When Choices Fail -- Six: The Forecast for Advance Directives: Indispensable or Superfluous? -- Bibliography: Books and Articles -- Bibliography: Cases and Statutes -- Appendix: Advance Directive Statutes, State-by-State Listing.
    Abstract: The first time I read the medical consent and authorization. it had registered in my mind simply as a legal document. Now I began to understand what it meant. It was a letter of ultimate love and trust. (Schucking. 1985. p. 268) Ever since Karen Ann Quinlan slipped into permanent unconsciousness in 1975 and her father agonized publicly over whether she should remain indefinitely on a respirator (In re Quinlan, 1976), the desires of patients, their families, and their friends to limit the application of apparently limitless medical technology have been a pressing concern for ethics, law, and public policy. Ms. Quinlan's case contained nearly all the elements of the problems we still face: vague, general, but sincere prior oral statements suggesting that she would not want continued treatment; a family attempting to do what they saw as best for her; and physicians uncertain whether to use medical judgment alone (and if so, what the "right" medical decision was), to preserve her life at all costs, or to honor the family's interpretation of their daughter's choice. Most ironically, once she was removed from her respirator, she did not die. Karen Quinlan - like dozens of other names made famous by court decisions, newspaper stories, and television evening news - has come to symbolize a tangled knot of issues surrounding the end of life and who controls it.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789401137386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 130 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On Truth -- Introduction: Logical Values -- I. The Nature of Truth -- II. The Coherence Theory of Truth -- III. Judgment -- IV. Knowledge and Opinion -- V. Judgment and Time -- Appendix I: Older Draft Versions -- Introductory -- I. The Nature of Truth -- II. The Coherence Theory of Truth -- III. Judgment -- V. Judgment and Time -- Appendix II: Supplemental Material -- 1. The Nature of Proportions (1921) -- 2. “On Justifying Induction”: Paper to the Society (1922) -- 3. “The Long and Short of It” -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The present publication forms part of a projected book that F. P. Ramsey drafted but never completed. It survived among his papers and ultimately came into the possession of the University of Pittsburgh in the circumstances detailed in the Editor's Introduction. Our hope in issuing this work at this stage - some sixty years after Ramsey's premature death at the age of 26 - is both to provide yet another token of his amazing philosophical creativity, and also to make available an important datum for the still to be written history of the development of philosophical analysis. This is a book whose appearance will, we hope and expect, be appreciated both by those interested in linguistic philosophy itself and by those concerned for its historical development in the present century. EDITORS'INTRODUCTION 1. THE RAMSEY COLLECTION Frank Plump ton Ramsey (22 February 1903 -19 January 1930) was an extra­ ordinary scholarly phenomenon. Son of a distinguished mathematician and President of Magdalene College, Cambridge and brother of Arthur Michael, eventual Archbishop of Canterbury, Ramsey was closely connected with Cambridge throughout his life, ultimately becoming lecturer in Mathematics in the University. Notwithstanding his great mathematical talent, it was primarily logic and philosophy that engaged his interests, and he wrote original and important contributions to logic, semantics, epistomology, probability theory, philosophy of science, and economics, in addition to seminal work in the foundations of mathematics.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789401132602
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 245 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: The Analogy between Logic and Dialogic of Law -- Analogy as Legal Reasoning - The Hermeneutic Foundation of the Analogical Procedure -- Milking the Meter - On Analogy, Universalizability and World Views -- The Function of Analogy in Law: Return to Kant and Wittgenstein -- Analogy in Legal Science: Some Comparative Observations -- Legal Analogy between Interpretive Arguments and Productive Arguments -- Legal Knowledge and Meaning (The Example of Legal Analogy) -- Analogical Reasoning and Legal Institutions -- Analogy in the Law.
    Abstract: 3 of law as an object that has always already been there, systematic and com­ plete. Quite the contrary. Some, indeed practically all of us, reject this sort of epistemology of law, and where the hypothesis of the coherence of the legal universe is put forward, this is in order to define it in very noticeably different terms from those traditionally used in legal scholarly accounts. If this referent, the law presented as a full discourses, runs through all of the contributions, this is because reasoning by analogy has to be found its specific place within this legal culture. It is the place to locate the problem of "lacunae" in law, which at bottom allows our various contributions to be classified. With Zaccaria and Maris, the question of lacunae is accepted as such (this is, we might say, the "traditionalist" aspect of these two articles, which is counterbalanced by - keeping to the same terminology - "modernist" emphases, sometimes Dworkinian in nature), and becomes the backdrop for considerations of purely hermeneutic type, in Zaccaria, ex­ tended in Maris to the field of ethics. The papers from Lenoble and Jackson, the former philosophical and the latter semiological, take as their main tar­ get this legal knowledge where the theory of lacunae finds its place.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789401134941
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 202 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Reason and Argument 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I—Puzzles Problems and Paradoxes -- One Conceptions of Vagueness -- 2 Linguistic Behaviour -- 3 Approaches to Vagueness -- II—The Sorites Paradox -- 4 The Paradox -- 5 Responses to the Paradox -- 6 A Solution to the Paradox -- 7 Further Problems and Puzzles -- 8 Vagueness and Perception -- 9 Conclusions.
    Abstract: This work is in two parts. It began as a general investigation of vagueness in natural languages. The Sorites Paradox came to dominate the work however, and the second part of the book consists in an discussion ofthat puzzle and related problems. The first part contains a general discussion ofthe nature ofvagueness and its sources. I discuss various conceptions of vagueness in chapter 1 and outline some of the problems to do with the conception of vagueness as a linguistic phenomenon. The most interesting of these is the Sorites paradox, which occurs where natural languages exhibit a particular variety of borderline case vagueness. I discuss some sources of vagueness of the borderline case variety, and views of the relation between linguistic behaviour and languages which are vague in this sense. I argue in chapter 2 that these problems are not to be easily avoided by statistical averaging techniques or attempts to provide a mathematical model of consensus in linguistic usage. I also consider in chapter 3 various approaches to the problem of providing an adequate logic and semantics for vague natural languages, and argue against two currently popular approaches to vagueness. These are supervaluation accounts which attempt to provide precise semantic models for vague languages based on the notion of specification spaces, and attempts to replace the laws ofclassical logic with systems offuzzy logic.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789401132442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 247 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 49
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On (the x) (x = Lambert) -- Five Easy Pieces -- The Cartesian Cogitos -- Undefined Definite Descriptions -- Maximum Entropy Updating and Conditionalization -- Leibniz on Ens and Existence -- Colours, Corners and Complexity: Meinong and Wittgenstein on Some Internal Relations -- Atomic Sentences as Singular Terms in Free Logic -- EPR-Situation and Bell’s Inequality -- On Being Spread Out in Time: Temporal Parts and the Problem of Change -- Stability and Chance -- A Reason for Explanation: Explanations Provide Stable Reasons -- The Systems of Plato and Aristotle Compared as to Their Contributions to Physics -- A Note on Aristotle’s Theory of Definition and Scientific Explanation -- Actualism, Free Logic and First-Order Supervaluations -- Bibliography Of Karel Lambert.
    Abstract: This collection of essays is dedicated to 'Joe' Karel Lambert. The contributors are all personally affected to Joe in some way or other, but they are definitely not the only ones. Whatever excuses there are - there are some -, the editors apologize to whomever they have neglected. But even so the collection displays how influential Karel Lambert has been, personally and through his teaching and his writings. The display is in alphabetical order - with one exception: Bas van Fraassen, being about the earliest student of Karel Lambert, opens the collection with some reminiscences. Naturally, one of the focal points of this volume is Lambert's logical thinking and (or: freed of) ontological thinking. Free logic is intimately connected with description theory. Bas van Fraassen gives a survey of the development of the area, and Charles Daniels points to difficulties with definite descriptions in modal contexts and stories. Peter Woodruff addresses the relation between free logic and supervaluation semantics, presenting a novel condition which recovers desirable metatheoretic properties for free logic under that semantics. Terence Parsons shows how free logic can be utilized in interpreting sentences as purporting to denote events (true ones succeed and false ones fail) and how this helps to understand natural language.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789401131926
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 577 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 5
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Microeconomics ; Operations research ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: A Unified Utilitarian Theory -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Particular Interpretation of Utilitarianism -- 3 Basic Principles -- 4 A Theory of Value -- 5 Decision-Making and Moral Action -- 6 Moral Judgment and Justification -- 7 Comparisons with Other Theories -- 8 Summary, Refutation of Objections, and a General View -- II: A Utilitarian Theory of Distributive Justice -- 9 The General Distribution Problem and Distributive Justice -- 10 Maximization of Utility and the Objective Function -- 11 The Constraint -- 12 Interpretation of Measures of Deviation From Ideal -- 13 A Proposal of Contribution as a Pattern For Distribution -- 14 Comments on Free-Market, Libertarianism, Nozick and Rawls -- 15 Randomness and Distribution -- 16 Income Tax, Social Welfare, Salary Systems and Private Property -- 17 General Social Welfare Functions and an Overall Picture.
    Abstract: 1.1 Utilitarian Theories This book is a monograph on moral philosophy and social philosophy, particularly the part of the philosophy of economics that is related to the general distribution problem. It presents a comprehensive ethical theory, together with an application of the theory to distributive justice. The viewpoint of this theory is utilitarian. However, this theory is different in some crucial points, as well as in minor details, from all existing forms of utilitarianism. Moral philosophy deals essentially with the moral judgment of actions, i. e., whether a moral action is right or wrong, good or bad. The judgment is usually based on a line of logical reasoning, which can be traced to a final reason called the justification or ultimate principle. An ethical theory is a self-consistent system built upon a basic, or ultimate, principle. An ultimate principle can never be rigorously proven, and is not unique. Different philosophers establish different ethical theories upon different principles. Therefore, in the history of development of moral philosophy, there have been a large number of ethical theories and schools. Even wi thin the same school having the same ultimate principle, different philosophers may have different versions of the theory, because of small variations in the interpretation of the ultimate principle or in the elaboration of the details.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 318 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 41
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Logic
    Abstract: 1. Ethics and the Limits of Consistency -- 2. Negative Values -- 3. Whatever Happened to Deontic Logic -- 4. The Ethical Root of Language -- 5. The Principle of Transcendence and the Foundation of Axiology -- 6. Deontic Logic and Imperative Logic -- 7. Against Tolerating the Intolerable -- 8. Winning Against and With the Opponent -- 9. Meaning—Norms and Objectivity -- 10. On the Logic of Practical Evaluation -- 11. The Deductive Model in Ethics -- 12. Truth—Value of Ethical Statements: Some Philosophical Implications of the Model—Theoretic Defintion of Truth -- 13. On Subjective Appreciation of Objective Moral Points -- 14. On Fair Distribution of Indivisible Goods -- 15. Needs and Values.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789401133463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 335 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodolgy, and Philosophy of Science 216
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 216
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Aspects of the Theory of Definition -- I / Preliminary Considerations -- Real and Nominal Definitions -- Primitive Concepts: Habits, Conventions, and Laws -- II / Definitional Desiderata -- Vagueness and the Desiderata for Definition -- Definition in a Quinean World -- III / Formal Developments -- Definitions and Definability -- Towards a General Theory of Identifiability -- IV / Epistemic Dimensions -- Epistemic Terms and the Aims of Epistemology -- Rational Definitions and Defining Rationality -- V / Specialized Conceptions -- Idealized Definitions in Physics and Idealized Dispositions -- Inverted Definitions and Their Uses -- VI / Disciplinary Conceptions -- Definitions in Law -- Defining the Divine -- Philosophical Analyses: An Explanation and Defense -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 493 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Public health ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Bioethics. ; Medicine—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One: An Evolutionary View of Ethics, Rights and the Doctor-Patient Relationship -- 1. Ethical Theory -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Philosophical Considerations -- 3. Biological Considerations -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- 2. Dual Evolution: Ethics, The Law, Rights -- 1. Ethics and the Law -- 2. The Concept of Rights -- 3. Conclusions -- 3. Bases for Medical Ethics -- 1. Origin of Medical Ethics and the Doctor-Patient Relationship -- 2. Rights and the Practice of Medicine -- 3. Summary and Conclusions -- Summary and Conclusion to Part One -- Two: A Physician’s Perspective on Problems In Medical Ethics (From an Evolutionary Ethical Point of View) -- 4. Public Health Policy and Rights (AIDS) -- 1. Introduction to the Problem -- 2. Testing for HIV -- 3. Problems in AIDS Control -- 4. Conclusions -- 5. Public Health Policy and Individual Rights (DRUGS) -- 1. Drug Addictions (and Alcoholism) -- 2. Drugs in Sports -- 6. Public Health Policy and Individual Rights (Continued) -- 1. Rights and Psychiatry -- 2. Rights of the Handicapped and Disabled -- 3. Testing for Genetic Disease -- 7. Experimentation and Research -- 1. Research on Humans -- 2. Animal Experimentation -- 3. Biotechnology (Genetic Engineering) -- 4. The Human Genome -- 8. Problems of Reproduction - Abortion (with notes on contraception) -- 1. Discussion and Conclusions -- 9. Problems of Reproduction - Artificial Conception -- 1. Artificial Reproduction -- 2. Population Problems -- 3. Discussion and Conclusions (abortion, artificial conception and population problems) -- 10. Dying -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Infanticide -- 3. Euthanasia -- 4. Discussion and Conclusions -- 11. Transplantation (with additional notes on the rationing of medical care) -- 1. Transplantations -- 2. Discussion -- 3. Rationing -- Summary and Conclusions to Part Two -- References.
    Abstract: The subject of medical ethics is always current and offers an inviting theme, particularly for anyone who has spent his life in medical practice. But the subject of ethics is impossible to deal with unless one first asks its purposes. Therefore, this book is divided into two parts, the first comprehends theoretical considerations and the second, pragmatic and empirical data on, and discussions of, current problems. Part One will be of greater interest to moral philosophers, philosophers and historians of science, and social scientists. Part Two should have greater appeal to physicians, medical students and medical planners. Nevertheless, it is hoped that the latter will look into Part One for the justification of the conclusions the author could reach on the material presented in Part Two. Likewise, it will become obvious why it is believed the solutions of many, if not most, ethical dilemmas are not always discernible at a given moment in time. Also, those who are more concerned with the theoretical material of Part One might find its application to current real-life problems interesting. It should not be too much to hope that the entire book will appeal to many general readers. The bio-ethical problems presented are of frequent and growing personal concern, and are discussed almost daily in the news media.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789401131742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 431 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 131
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 131
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: One -- 1 / On the Objects of Our Subjective Knowledge -- 2 / Human Knowledge and Human Interaction -- 3 / Indeterminacy of Translation: A Non-Quinean Function of Content-Indeterminacy -- 4 / On the Impossibility of any Enterprise Concerning Self-Knowledge within Traditional Epistemology -- Two -- 5 / Methodological Essentialism in Science and in Philosophy -- 6 / Of Variance and Invariance in Science: Empirical Science as an Enterprise ComprisingNFCPSSystems -- 7 / Falsifiability and Methodological Invariance in Science -- 8 / The Methodology of Theory-Problem Interactive Systems -- 9 / The Resolving Power of a Scientific Theory as a Basis of its Epistemic Appraisal -- 10 / Epilogue -- Notes -- Index of Symbols -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: For a philosopher with an abiding interest in the nature of objective knowledge systems in science, what could be more important than trying to think in terms of those very subjects of such knowledge to which men like Galileo, Newton, Max Planck, Einstein and others devoted their entire lifetimes? In certain respects, these systems and their structures may not be beyond the grasp of a linguistic conception of science, and scientific change, which men of science and philosophy have advocated in various forms in recent times. But certainly it is wrong-headed to think that one's conception of science can be based on an identification of its theories with languages in which they may be, my own alternatively, framed. There may be more than one place in book (1983: 87) where they may seem to get confused with each other, quite against my original intentiens. The distinction between the objec­ tive knowledge systems in science and the dynamic frameworks of the languages of the special individual sciences, in which their growth can be embedded in significant ways, assumes here, therefore, much impor­ tance. It must be recognized that the problems concerning scientific change, which these systems undergo, are not just problems concerning language change.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: 1: Approaches to Natural Language -- 1. Sentences and Saying -- 2. Saying and Semantics -- 3. Saving Sentences, and What Is Said -- 4. Sentences and Propositions -- 2: Indexicality -- 1. Indexical Expressions -- 2. Some Examples -- 3. Too Many Indexicals? -- 4. The Eliminability of Indexicals -- 5. Russell’s Theory of Descriptions -- 3: Alternate Approaches -- 1. The Role of Context -- 2. Donnellan, Sentence Meaning and Speaker Meaning -- 3. The Demonstrative ’The’ -- 4: Prolegomenon to a Theory of Speaker Reference -- 1. Two Approaches to Reference -- 2. Desiderata For A Theory of Speaker References -- 3. The Causal Theory -- 4. A Further Constraint -- 5: Speaker Reference -- 1. Two Unsatisfactory Intention-Based Views -- 2. A Fresh Start -- 3. Objections to the Sufficiency of the Conditions -- 4. Objections to the Necessity of the Conditions -- 5. Utterances Involving More Than One Hearer, and in the Absence of An Audience -- 6: Predication, and What is Said -- 1. Speaker Predication -- 2. A Theory of Speaker Predication -- 3. What Is Said -- 4. An Objection -- 5. Brevity and Sentence Fragments -- 6. Unusual But Important Cases -- 7: Concerning Fiction and Fictions -- 1. What Is To Be Explained -- 2. How Not To Explain It -- 3. A Better Explanation -- 4. Some Complications Concerning Fictions -- 8: Further Implications -- 1. Epistemology and the Philosophy of Language -- 2. Methodological Solipsism -- 3. The Intentional Fallacy, and Deconstruction -- 4. What If This Is All Wrong? -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The notion of what someone says is, perhaps surprisingly, some­ what less clear than we might be entitled to expect. Suppose that I utter to my class the sentence 'I want you to write a paper reconciling the things Russell claims about propositions in The Philosophy of Mathematics for next week'. A student who was unable to get up in time for class that day asks another what I said about the assignment. Several replies are in the offing. One, an oratio recta or direct speech report, is 'He said, "I want you to write a paper reconciling the things Russell claims about propositions in The Philosophy of Mathematics for next week. '" Another, an oratio obliqua or indirect speech report, consists in the response 'He said that he wants us to write a paper reconciling . . . '. Yet another, reflecting a perhaps accurate estimate of the task involved, editorializes: 'He said he wants us to do the impossible'. Or, aware of both this and my quaint custom of barring those who have not successfully completed the assignment from the classroom, one might retort 'He said he doesn't want to meet next week'. Since 'says' is construable in these various ways, it is at best unhelpful to write something like 'Alice said "Your paper is two days late", thereby saying that Tom's paper was two days late.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922136
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (692p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Elementary set theory accustoms the students to mathematical abstraction, includes the standard constructions of relations, functions, and orderings, and leads to a discussion of the various orders of infinity. The material on logic covers not only the standard statement logic and first-order predicate logic but includes an introduction to formal systems, axiomatization, and model theory. The section on algebra is presented with an emphasis on lattices as well as Boolean and Heyting algebras. Background for recent research in natural language semantics includes sections on lambda-abstraction and generalized quantifiers. Chapters on automata theory and formal languages contain a discussion of languages between context-free and context-sensitive and form the background for much current work in syntactic theory and computational linguistics. The many exercises not only reinforce basic skills but offer an entry to linguistic applications of mathematical concepts. For upper-level undergraduate students and graduate students in theoretical linguistics, computer-science students with interests in computational linguistics, logic programming and artificial intelligence, mathematicians and logicians with interests in linguistics and the semantics of natural language
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Law—History. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- Procedural Contexts -- Some Distinctions -- A Normative Method -- The Adversary Adjudication Model -- I: Traditional Principles -- 2. Impartiality -- 3. Opportunity to be Heard -- 4. Grounds for Decisions -- 5. Formal Justice -- II: Theory -- 6. A Theoretical Justification -- 7. The Limits of Law -- 8. Alternative Decision-Making Models -- III: Applications -- 9. Professional Discipline -- 10. Employment Decisions -- Works Cited -- Table of Cases.
    Abstract: During the last half of the twentieth century, legal philosophy (or legal theory or jurisprudence) has grown significantly. It is no longer the domain of a few isolated scholars in law and philosophy. Hundreds of scholars from diverse fields attend international meetings on the subject. In some universities, large lecture courses of five hundred students or more study it. The primary aim of the Law and Philosophy Library is to present some of the best original work on legal philosophy from both the Anglo-American and European traditions. Not only does it help make some of the best work available to an international audience, but it also encourages increased awareness of, and interaction between, the two major traditions. The primary focus is on fu- length scholary monographs, although some edited volumes of original papers are also included. The Library editors are assisted by an Editorial Advisory Board of internationally renowned scholars. Legal philosophy should not be considered a narrowly circumscribed field. Insights into law and legal institutions can come from diverse disciplines on a wide range of topics. Among the relevant disciplines or perspectives contribut­ ing to legal philosophy, besides law and philosophy, are anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology. Among the topics included in legal philosophy are theories of law; the concepts of law and legal institutions; legal reasoning and adjudication; epistemological issues of evidence and pro­ cedure; law and justice, economics, politics, or morality; legal ethics; and theories oflegal fields such as criminal law, contracts, and property.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789400920835
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Moore, Jennifer Mills International Reflections on Individual Autonomy and Corporate Effectiveness 1993
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 1
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Industrial management ; Ethics ; Management. ; Econometrics.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- I: Personal Convictions and Corporate Claims: Ethical Conflicts and Solutions -- 2 The Responsible Corporation and the Subversive Side of Ethics -- 3 Ethical Decision-making in a National Utility: The Electricity Industry in France -- 4 Using the Techniques of Ethical Analysis in Corporate Practice -- 5 Ethical Responsibilities Versus Corporate Effectiveness -- 6 The Corporation As an Open Organisation -- 7 The Function of Management Control Systems in Innovative Organisations -- 8 Ethics and Interpersonal Trust in Corporate Management -- 9 The Parameters of Ethical Decision-making in Organisations -- II: “Empowering” People: End or Means? -- 10 The Ethical Challenge to the Corporations: Meaningful Progress and Individual Development -- 11 The Individual Dimension in Corporations -- 12 Human Development and the Images of the Organisation -- 13 Empowering People as an End for Business -- 14 On the Demand for Meaningful Work -- 15 Ethics and Labour Contracts: an Economist’s Point of View -- 16 To Encourage or Repress? Corporate Policy and Whistle-blowing -- 17 The Responsibility of Individuals for a Company Disaster: The Example of the Zeebrugge Car Ferry -- III: Men and Women in Corporations: Repression, Competition or Co-operation? -- 18 Introductory Remarks -- 19 Male or Female Ethics for Corporations? -- 20 Demographic Pressure in Favour of the Promotion of Women -- 21 How to Include Women In Corporate Decision-Making -- IV: The Ethical Role of Top Managers -- 22 Who or What Is “the Boss”? Authority Without Authoritarianism -- 23 “I Am the Boss. Why Should I Be Ethical?” -- 24 Ethics and the Definition of Business Strategy -- 25 Management as the Symbolisation of Ethical Values -- 26 Values and Types of Entrepreneurs in Small Business -- 27 Executive Decisions and Values -- Outlook Some Perspectives -- 28 Spheres and Limits of Ethical Responsibilities in and of the Corporation -- 29 Philosophical Considerations of a Top Manager -- 30 The Importance of the Cultural Context for Business Ethics: The Italian Example -- Note on the Contributors.
    Abstract: Georges Enderle Before presenting some introductory remarks on the topic of this volume I should like to outline briefly the context from which this selection of articles originates. (It seems to me necessary to emphasise these circumstances in order to make clearer the contours of what is said and what is not said and to understand it better. ) This context involves, flrstly, a general evaluation of the state of the business ethics debate today and, secondly, considerations of the question of what attitude and strategy should be chosen in order to promote business ethics most effectively. On the present state of affairs of the business ethics debate Today, it is extremely difflcult, if not impossible, to gain even a rough overview of the business ethics debate in the different countries of Europe and North America. Many activities take place in informal circles and on a local and regional level; linguistic and other barriers impede the spread of information about them and, often, they are not even labelled "business ethics". At the same time, so many other things sail under the flag of "business ethics" that one sometimes wonders if it should not be replaced by another flag, for instance new methods of public-relations or better motivation of company's employees. Yet, in spite of these difflculties in deflning business ethics activities, one statement at least can be made with certainty. .
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  • 69
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920453
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: 1: Modularity in Underlying Structure -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 On Defining Grammatical Relations in a Modular Theory -- 1.3 What is a Lexical Entry? -- 1.4 The Organization of Argument Structure: the Thematic Hierarchy -- 1.5 Case Theory and the Lexicon -- 1.6 S and S?: Extended X-bar Theory and the Lexical Clause Hypothesis -- 1.7 Dominance, Precedence and Phrase Markers -- Notes -- 2: Syntactic Projection and Licensing -- 2.1 Preliminaries: Licensing, the UTAH, the Projection Principle and the Theta Criterion -- 2.2 X-bar Theory and the Projection of Heads -- 2.3 Licensing Non-head Daughters: Thematic Grids and Thematic Relations -- 2.4 Functional Categories and Licensing -- 2.5 Summary -- Notes -- 3: On Configurationality Parameters -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Parametric Variation in D-Structure Principles -- 3.3 What is a Nonconfigurational Language? -- 3.4 The Empirical Evidence for D-Structure Variation -- 3.5 Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- 4: Projection, Pronouns, and Parsing in Navajo Syntax -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 An Overview of Navajo Syntax and Morphology -- 4.3 Parsing, Null Arguments, and Grammatical Relations in Navajo -- 4.4 On Navajo Nominals as Adjuncts -- 4.5 Navajo Agreement and Incorporated Pronouns -- 4.6 Conclusion: Projection from the Lexicon in Navajo -- Notes -- 5: Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789400905559
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 31
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Introductory Study -- The Human Condition within the Unity-of-Everything-There-Is-Alive: A Challenge to Philosophical Anthropologies -- I The Phenomenology of the Moral Sense of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka -- The Moral Sense: An Appraisal -- The Phenomenologico-Sociological Conception of the “Human Being-on-the-Brink-of-Existence”: A New Approach to Socio-Communal Psychiatry -- II Human Selfhood and Personal Identity Within Communal Bonds -- Truth, Authenticity, and Culture -- Man within the Limit of the I: Some Considerations on Husserl’s Philosophy from the Thought of Nicola Abbagnano -- Narrating the Self -- Sartre’s Account of the Self in The Transcendence of the Ego -- The Concept of “Person” between Existence and the Realm of Life -- The Truth and Identity of a Person and of a People -- III The Moral Sense, Ethics, and Social Justice -- Ethics and Subjectivity Today -- Moral Sense, Community, and the Individual: Georg Simmel’s Position in an Ongoing Discussion -- Personal Identity and Concrete Values -- The Moral Act -- Scientific Phenomenology and Bioethics -- Social Justice on Trial: The Verdict of History -- The Justice of Mercy: Reflections on Law, Social Theory and Heidegger’s “Everyday” -- Ceki? und Lukács über die Ontologie des gesellschaftlichen Seins: Die Prioritätsfrage -- The Phenomenology of Value and the Value of Phenomenology -- IV Human Selfhood, Will, Personal Development, and Community Life in a Psychiatric Perspective -- Some Epistemological Aspects of Present-Day Psychopathology -- Ethics in the Psyche’s Individuating Development towards the Self -- Free Will in Psychopaths: A Phenomenological Description -- The Problem of the Unconscious in the Later Thought of L. Binswanger: A Phenomenological Approach to Delusion in Perception and Communication -- The Unattainability of the Norm -- “The Emotional Residence”: An Italian Experience of the Treatment of Chronic Psychosis -- Hacia un concepto significativo de lo patologico y lo sano, de lo anormal y lo normal -- Husserl, Child Education, and Creativity -- Recovering the Moral Sense of Health Care from Academic Reification -- V The Historicity of the Human Person: Development, Intersubjectivity, Truth and Time -- Edmund Husserl: Intersubjectivity between Epoché and History -- The Development of Time Consciousness from Husserl to Heidegger -- Husserl’s Concept of Horizon: An Attempt at Reappraisal -- Mead and Merleau-Ponty: Meaning, Perception, and Behavior -- The Role of Historicity in Man’s Creative Experience: A Comparative Analysis of the Ideas of Kant, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger, and the Hermeneutical School -- The Reality and Structure of Time: A Neo-Hegelian Paradox in the Conceptual Network of Phenomenology -- Time, Truth, and Culture in Husserl and Hegel -- Index of Names.
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  • 71
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 15
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- 2: The Problem Situation -- 3: The Computer Revolution -- 4: Ethics of Diagnostic Systems -- 5: Systems and Medicine -- 6: Diagnostic Theory -- 7: Diagnostic Practice -- 8: Some Interfaces -- 9: The Human Factor -- 10: Conclusion: -- Selected Bibliography for Further Reading -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: 1. GENERAL The term "diagnostics" refers to the general theory of diagnosis, not to the study of specific diagnoses but to their general framework. It borrows from different sciences and from different philosophies. Traditionally, the general framework of diagnostics was not distinguished from the framework of medicine. It was not taught in special courses in any systematic way; it was not accorded special attention: students absorbed it intuitively. There is almost no comprehensive study of diagnostics. The instruction in diagnosis provided in medical schools is exclusively specific. Clinical instruction includes (in addition to vital background information, such as anatomy and physiology) specific instruction in nosology, the theory and classification of diseases, and this includes information on diagnoses and prognoses of diverse diseases. What is the cause of the neglect of diagnostics, and of its integrated teaching? The main cause may be the prevalence of the view of diagnostics as part-and­ parcel of nosology. In this book nosology is taken as a given, autonomous field of study, which invites almost no comments; we shall freely borrow from it a few important general theses and a few examples. We attempt to integrate here three studies: ll of the way nosology is used in the diagnostic process; of the diagnostic process as a branch of applied ethics; ~ of the diagnostic process as a branch of social science and social technology.
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  • 72
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920897
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 214
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. On the Origin of the Philosophical Investigations -- 2. Language-Games as Context of Meaning -- 1. The psychological theory of meaning -- 2. Horizontal and vertical language-games -- 3. Agreement in Forms of Life -- 1. Internal relations -- 2. Justifications without end, end without justification.. -- 3. Forms of life and constitutive rules -- 4. My Mind: First Person Statements -- 1. Robinson Crusoe and private language -- 2. Four misleading analogies -- 3. Description of one’s inner -- 5. Other Minds: Third Person Statements -- 1. The asymmetry of observation and expression -- 2. The hidden inner -- 3. ‘Einstellung zur Seele’ -- 4. ‘Menschenkenntnis’ and indeterminacy -- 6. The Meaning of Aspects -- 1. ‘Meaning-theory’ versus ‘Gestalt-theory’ -- 2. Seeing-as and organization -- 3. Seeing-as and interpretation -- 4. Seeing and thinking -- 5. Secondary meaning and aspect -- 7. The Grammar of Psychological Concepts -- 1. Sensations and impressions -- 2. Emotions -- 3. Images and fancies -- 4. Inner states’ and expecting -- 5. Feelings of tendency -- 6. Willing -- 8. Conclusion: Wittgenstein and the Turing Test -- Appendix of German Quotations.
    Abstract: Wittgenstein's aphoristic style holds great charm, but also a great danger: the reader is apt to glean too much from a single fragment and too little from the fragments as a whole. In my first confron­ tations with the Philosophical Investigations I was such a reader, and so, it turned out, were most of the writers on Wittgenstein's later philosophy. Wittgenstein's remarkable ability to bring together many facets of his thought in one fragment is fully exploited in the critical literature; but hardly any attention is paid to the connection with other fragments, let alone to the many hitherto unpublished manuscripts of which the Philosophical Investigations is the final product. The result of this fragmentary and ahistorical approach to Wittgenstein's later work is a host of contradictory interpretations. What Wittgenstein really wanted to say remains insufficiently clear. Opinions are also strongly divided about the value of his work. Some authors have been encouraged by his aphorisms and rhetorical questions to dismiss the whole Cartesian tradition or to halt new movements in linguistics or psychology; others, exasperated, reject his philo­ sophy as anti-scientific conceptual conservatism. After consulting unpublished notebooks and manuscripts which Wittgenstein wrote between 1929 and 1951, I became a very different reader. Wittgenstein turned out to be a kind of Leonardo da Vinci, who pursued a form from which every sign of chisel­ ling, every attempt at improvement, had been effaced.
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  • 73
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920972
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 40
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophical self-portrait -- Review-article: T Kotarbi?ski’s Elements of the Theory of Knowledge, Formal Logic and Methodology of the Sciences -- Psychologism and the principle of relevance in semantics -- Names in Kotarbi?ski’s Elementy -- Consistent reism -- A note about reism -- Puzzles of existence -- On the dramatic stage in the development of Kotarbi?ski’s pansomatism -- Semantic reasons for ontological statements: the argumentation of a reist -- Philosophical and methodological foundations of Kotarbi?ski’s praxiology -- Kotarbi?ski’s theory of genuine names -- Kotarbi?ski’s theory of pseudo-names -- On the phases of reism -- Philosophy of the concrete -- Kotarbi?ski, many-valued logic, and truth -- Concerning reism -- The voice of the past in Kotarbi?ski’s writings -- References -- Index of names -- Index of subjects.
    Abstract: Tadeusz Kotarbinski is one of towering figures in contemporary Polish philosophy. He was a great thinker, a great teacher, a great organizer of philosophical and scientific life (he was, among others, the rector of the Uni versi ty of t6dz, the president of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the president of the International Institute of Philosophy), and, last but not least, a great moral authority. He died at the age of 96 on October 3, 1981. Kotarbinski was active in almost all branches of philosophy. He made many significant contributions to logic, semantics, ontology, epistemology, history of philosophy, and ethics. He created a new field, namely praxiology. Thus, using an ancient distinction, he contributed to theoretical as well as practical philoso~hy. Kotarbinski regarded praxiology as his major philosophical "child". Doubtless, praxiology belongs to practical philosophy. This collection, howewer, is mainly devoted to Kotarbinski' s theoretical philosophy. Reism - Kotarbinski' s fundamental idea of ontology and semantics - is the central topic of most papers included here; even Pszczolowski' s essay on praxiology considers its ontological basis. ,Only two papers, namely that of Zarnecka-Bialy and that of Wolenski, are not linked with reism. However, both fall under the general label "Kotarbinski: logic, semantics and ontology". The collection partly consists of earlier published papers.
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  • 74
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 16
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Anthropology
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  • 75
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400905573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 7
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Ethics ; History ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Nature of Philosophy of Technology -- In Search of a New Prometheus -- Defining Horizons: A Reply to Joseph C. Pitt -- Process Themes in Frederick Ferré’s Philosophy of Technology -- Clarifying and Applying Intelligence: A Reply to Peter Limper -- II Deficiencies in Engineering Ethics -- Imagination for Engineering Ethicists -- Engineering Ethics and Political Imagination -- III Systems Theories -- Computer and World Picture: A Critical Appraisal of Herbert A. Simon -- Changes in Cognitive and Value Orientations in System Design -- IV Historical, Cultural, and Political Critiques -- Democratic Socialism and Technological Change -- Philosophy, Engineering, and Western Culture -- Alternatives for Evaluating the Effects of Genetic Engineering on Human Development -- The Alarmist View of Technology -- An Interpretation of Jacques Ellul’s Dialectical Method.
    Abstract: BACKGROUND: DEPARTMENTS, SPECIALIZATION, AND PROFESSIONALIZATION IN AMERICAN HIGHER EDUCATION For over half of its history, U.S. higher education turned out mostly cler­ gymen and lawyers. Looking back on that period, we might be tempted to think that this meant specialized training for the ministry or the practice of law. That, however, was not the case. What a college education in the U.S. prepared young men (almost exclusively) for, from the founding of Harvard College in 1636 through the founding of hundreds of denominational colleges in the first two-thirds of the nineteenth century, was leadership in the community. Professionalization and specialization only began to take root, and then became the dominant mode in U.S. higher education, in the period roughly from 1860--1920. In subsequent decades, that seemed to many critics to signal the end of what might be called "education in wisdom," the preparation of leaders for a broad range of responsibilities. Professionalization, specialization, and departmentalization of higher education in the U.S. began in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.
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  • 76
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921399
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 41
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    Keywords: Linguistics Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Multiple Indexing -- 1 A basic intensional language -- 2 ‘Now’ and ‘then’ -- 3 ‘Actually’ -- 4 Indices and world variables -- 5 Mediated relations -- 6 A second-order treatment -- II Ontological Commitment -- 7 Possibilist quantification -- 8 Possibilities -- 9 Intersentential operators -- 10 Substitutional quantification -- 11 Modality and supervenience -- 12 Counterpart theory -- III Indexical Quantification -- 13 Generalized quantifiers -- 14 Quantifiers as indexical operators -- 15 Time and world quantifiers -- 16 Context and indices.
    Abstract: In ordinary discourse we appear to ta1k about many things that have seemed mysterious to philosophers. We say that there has been a hitch in our arrangements or that the solution to the problem required us to examine all the probable outcomes of our action. So it would seem that we speak as if in addition to eloeks, mountains, queens and grains of sand there are hitches, arrangements, solutions, probiems, and probable outcomes. It is not immediately obvious when we must take such ta1k as really assuming that there are such to develop tests for things, and one of the tasks in this book is discerning what has eome to be called ontological commitment, in naturallanguage. Among the entities that natural language appears to make reference to are those connected with temporal and modal discourse, times, possibilities, and so on. Such entities play a crueial role in the kind of semantieal theories that I and others have defended over many years. These theories are based on the idea that an essential part of the meaning of a sentence is constituted by the conditions under whieh that sentenee is true. To know what a sentence says is to know what the world would have to be !ike for that sentence to be true.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789400905054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Primary Sources in Phenomenology 3
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Brentano and Marty on Content: A Synthesis suggested by Brentano -- 1 Brentano’s Final View -- 2 Attribution in Modo Recto and in Modo Obliquo -- 3 Object and Content -- 4 Other Intentional Attitudes -- 5 Immanent Objects and Transcendent Objects -- 6 Conclusion -- Marty’s Philosophical Grammar -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Descriptive Psychology of Meaning: Linguistic Functions -- 3 Propositions Show What would be the Case were they True -- 4 Vagueness -- 5 Meaning Change, Inner Form and Universals -- 6 Marty and Wittgenstein: Two Conceptions of Philosophical Grammar -- Meaning and Expression: Marty and Grice on Intentional Semantics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Philosophy of Language as a General Theory -- 3 Natural and Non-Natural Meaning -- 4 Primary and Secondary Intentions -- 5 Auto-Semantic Language Devices -- 6 Conclusion -- Marty on Form and Content in Language -- 1 Inner Speech Form in some of Marty’s Early Works -- 2 Logic, Grammar and Psychology -- 3 Form and Content in Marty’s Later Works -- 4 Some Fundamental Tenets of Universal Grammar -- Why a Proper Name has a Meaning: Marty and Landgrebe vs. Kripke -- 1 Preliminaries -- 2 Kripke’s View -- 3 The Question of the Semantic Status of Proper Names -- 4 Meaning and Lexical Meaning -- 5 Reference and Meaning in Marty -- 6 Ambiguity and Vagueness -- 7 Landgrebe’s Solution -- 8 Conclusion -- The Categorical and the Thetic Judgement Reconsidered -- 1 Marty and Transformational Grammar -- 2 Categorical and Thetic Judgements -- 3 Reinterpreting the Categorical-Thetic Distinction -- 4 Conclusion -- Classical and Modern Work on Universals: The Philosophical Background and Marty’s Contribution -- 1 Categories of Meaning vs. Categories of Expression -- 2 Relativism and Colour -- 3 Natural Non-Absolute Universals -- Marty and Magnus on Colours -- Brentano and Marty: An Inquiry into Being and Truth -- 1 Aristotle and Brentano -- 2 Existence and Reality -- 3 Bases and Operations -- 4 Collectives are Non-Real -- 5 Relations are Non-Real -- 6 Space is Non-Real -- 7 States of Affairs are Non-Real -- 8 On the Origins of our Concepts of Existence and Truth -- 9 A Correspondence Theory of Intentionality -- 10 The Ontology of Truth -- 11 Wertverhalte or Value-Contents -- 12 A Postscript on Martian Aesthetics -- Marty on Grounded Relations -- Marty on Time -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tasks of a Philosophy of Time -- 3 Marty on the Ontology of Time -- 4 Marty on the Consciousness of Time -- 5 Conclusion -- Marty’s Theory of Space -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Marty’s Two Basic Metaphysical Theses -- 3 A Sketch of Marty’s Argument -- 4 Conclusion -- Judgement-Contents -- 1 Preliminary Remark -- 2 Conceptual Framework -- 3 Marty’s Judgement-Contents -- 4 Comments -- 5 Final Remark -- of Consciousness and States of Affairs: Daubert and Marty -- 1 Phenomenologists and Brentanists -- 2 Marty on Subjectless Sentences -- 3 Daubert’s Discussion of Marty -- 4 Shortcomings in Marty -- 5 Marty’s Theory in Phenomenological Perspective -- Marty and the Lvov-Warsaw School -- Two Letters from Marty to Husserl -- A Bibliography of Works by and on Anton Marty -- 1 Works by Marty -- 2 Works on Marty -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 78
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400906396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 6
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Cogito and Hermeneutics -- 1. Hermeneutics in contemporary philosophy -- 2. Critique of the subject and interpretation of the cogito. Heidegger and Ricoeur -- 3. Ricoeur. Phenomenology of the will and “unquietness” of the Subject -- 4. Paradox and mediation in Ricoeur’s philosophical anthropology -- 5. Crisis of the Philosophie de l’esprit. Human sciences, “methodic” hermeneutics -- 6. The destruction of the illusions of consciousness. Psychoanalysis as language theory -- 7. The challenge of semiology and the phenomenology of language. The reinterpretation of phenomenology as language theory -- 8. Concrete reflexion and the intersubjectivity question. Towards a hermeneutics of the I am -- 9. “Originary Affirmation,” philosophies of negativity, problematics of the subject. Nabert and Thévenaz -- 10. Ricoeur and Heidegger. The cogito and hermeneutics -- II Text, Metaphor, Narrative -- 1. The history of hermeneutics. Text theory -- 2. Hermeneutic phenomenology -- 3. Living metaphor -- 4. Towards a poetics of freedom -- Afterword -- Time, sacrality, narrative: interview with Paul Ricoeur -- Abbreviations -- Notes -- Bibliographical note -- Index of names -- Index of subjects.
    Abstract: by Paul Ricoeur It is already a piece of good fortune to find oneself understood by a reader who is at once demanding and benevolent. It is an even greater fortune to be better understood by another than by one's own self. In effect, when I look back, I am rather struck by the discontinuity among my works, each of which takes on a specific problem and apparently has little more in common with its predecessor than the fact of having left an overflow of unanswered questions behind it as a residue. On the contrary, Domenico Jervolino's interpretation of my works, which extend over more than forty years, stresses their coherence, in spite of the gap in time between my present, soon to be issued work--Temps et Recit--and my first, Philosophie de la Volonte: Ie Volontaire et l'lnvolontaire. Our friend finds the principle of coherence first of all in the recurrence of a problem: the destiny of the idea of subjectivity, caught in the cross-fire between Nietzsche and Heidegger on one side and semiology, psychoanalysis and the critique of ideology on the other. He finds it likewise in the insistence on a method: the mediating role played by interpretation, mainly of texts, with regard to reflexion on self.
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