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  • 1995-1999  (180)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (180)
  • Development  (123)
  • Industry and Services  (43)
  • Konferenzschrift
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Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade and Competition Policies : Exploring the Ways Forward (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: To further benefit from trade liberalisation, developed and developing countries must get their policies right, in trade and other spheres, such as the web of domestic regulations that affect commerce within and between countries. In the run-up to the November 1999 WTO Ministerial in Seattle, Washington, and a possible new round of multilateral trade negotiations, a Conference on trade and competition was held on 29-30 June 1999 at the OECD to explore the various options towards better coherence between trade and competition policies. This Conference provided OECD countries and 30 non-member countries, academics and representatives of business, trade unions and advocacy groups a unique opportunity to discuss ways to strengthen trade and competition policies in the interests of more open global markets. They examined the effects of trade measures on competition. They also debated whether private anticompetitive practices, and certain domestic regulations, point to the need for multilateral trade and competition rules. This publication summarises those discussions and includes keynote addresses by Sir Leon Brittan and U.S. Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust Joel Klein, as well as an issues paper drafted by the OECD Secretariat to serve as a background note for the Conference.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174047-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Grundsätze der Corporate Governance (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264574229
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principios de la OCDE para el gobierno de las sociedades
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ein gutes Corporate Governance-System ist für den effizienten Einsatz des Unternehmenskapitals von entscheidender Bedeutung. Es trägt ferner dazu bei, dass die Unternehmen die Interessen möglichst breiter Kreise ebenso wie die der Gemeinwesen berücksichtigen, in denen sie tätig sind, und die Aufsichtsräte den Unternehmen und den Aktionären gegenüber rechenschaftspflichtig sind. Das wiederum ist eine der Voraussetzungen dafür, dass die Tätigkeit des Unternehmens der Gesellschaft insgesamt zugute kommt, das Vertrauen der in- und ausländischen Investoren gewahrt bleibt und mehr langfristiges Kapital mobilisiert wird.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264574229-de
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Future of the Global Economy : Towards a Long Boom? (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain ; vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen; Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global; Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain : vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen: Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global: Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: As the 20th century draws to a close, powerful forces of change are converging that could set the stage for a long, sustained economic boom in the next few decades -- the transition to a knowledge-based society with its potentially huge productivity gains; the emergence of more deeply integrated, global markets for goods, services, capital and technology; and a fast-growing environmental awareness that could greatly accelerate the shift to new, less resource-intensive production and consumption patterns. The result could be several decades of above-average economic growth, substantial increases in income and wealth, and significant improvements in well-being across the world. But what will it take to unleash these dynamic forces? Not only will it call for a range of initiatives to establish the rules and frameworks for guiding the transition to a sustainable global knowledge economy, but above all, it will require exceptional efforts among decision makers in government, business and society at large to encourage continuous innovation, creativity and high levels of investment, and to promote bold new approaches to closer international co-operation and institution building. Inevitably some countries will benefit more than others, but a long boom with all its wealth creating capacity would offer a unique opportunity to reverse the trends of the last decades towards deepening inequality and exclusion. This book reviews the forces driving economic and social change in today's world. It asesses the likelihood of a long boom materialising in the first decades of the 21st century and explores the strategic policies essential for making it happen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174016-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Politics and Economics of Transition to an Open Market Economy in Viet Nam (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.152
    Keywords: Development ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Reform in Viet Nam is a protracted process. Beginning in 1979, it experienced both advances and reversals until 1986, a sudden acceleration in 1989-91, then gradualism hampered by a deepening entrenchment of interests in positions both for and against further liberalisation. A stop-go cycle has developed in which the new incentives and opportunities resulting from reform are sufficient to block broad reversion to earlier phases, but comprehensive advances would seem to depend on the occurrence of deeply unfavourable shocks. When crisis has seriously undermined performance, leaders have embraced reform to shore up legitimacy, while in good times they have tended to disagree over the long-term risks of reform and how to deal with those risks ...
    DOI: 10.1787/634117557525
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade and competition policies : exploring the ways forward; [a Conference on Trade and Competition was held 29 - 30 June 1999 at the OECD] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264174044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Trade and competition policies
    RVK:
    QM 230
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Außenhandel ; Internationaler Wettbewerb
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174047-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Foreign direct investment and the environment : [... "Conference on FDI and the Environment” in the Hague in January 1999] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Foreign direct investment and the environment
    RVK:
    QM 355
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Direktinvestition ; Umweltschutz
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264266315-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gérer les systèmes nationaux d'innovation (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264289413
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing National Innovation Systems
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Avec l’émergence d’une économie fondée sur le savoir, l’innovation détermine plus que jamais la capacité concurrentielle des entreprises, la prospérité des nations et le dynamisme de la croissance mondiale. Elle mobilise le progrès scientifique au service des besoins évolutifs de la société et constitue ainsi l’une des clés d’un développement durable. La promotion de l’innovation s’affiche aujourd’hui comme une haute priorité dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE. Cet objectif se heurte toutefois souvent à une compréhension insuffisante de la portée des transformations du processus d’innovation, que celles-ci soient produites par la mondialisation, le développement des technologies de l’information et des communications, ou l’élargissement de la base de connaissances scientifiques. A partir de données empiriques nouvelles, cet ouvrage montre combien les liens qui existent entre l’industrie et le système scientifique se trouvent transformés et analyse la nature des compétences nécessaires pour innover. Il rend également compte des mutations qui modifient les rôles respectifs de la concurrence et de la coopération en matière d'innovation et prend toute la mesure de l'impulsion croissante que la création d’entreprises et les PME donnent à la dynamique d’innovation. A la lumière de cette publication, il apparaît que la performance en matière d’innovation dépend de manière cruciale de la façon dont interagissent, aux niveaux local, national et mondial, les différents éléments constitutifs du « système d’innovation » que sont les entreprises, les universités et les autres organismes de recherche. D'où la nécessité pour les pouvoirs publics de modifier leur approche de la promotion de l’innovation. Cette étude énonce les objectifs et définit les instruments de cette nouvelle politique de l’innovation tout en identifiant certaines mesures exemplaires prises récemment dans les pays de l'OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264289413-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Environmental Goods and Services Industry : Manual for Data Collection and Analysis (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173651
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'industrie des biens et services environnementaux ; Manuel de collecte et d'analyse des données
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'industrie des biens et services environnementaux : Manuel de collecte et d'analyse des données
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services ; Beispielsammlung ; Umwelttechnik ; Klassifikation
    Abstract: Globally, the environmental goods and services industry is growing rapidly in response to environmental pressures and the shift towards business and government strategies that are more sustainable over the long term. However, the industry which supplies the goods and services that enable businesses and nations to meet environmental challenges is poorly identified, measured and understood. This manual, which has been jointly developed by the OECD and Eurostat, aims to provide a firm basis for constructing comparable statistics of the environmental industry. It is based on recent experience in OECD countries in building up a quantitative statistical picture of this crosscutting industry that is not well identified in traditional statistical systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173651-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Les pépinières d'entreprises à travers le monde : Etudes de cas (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273788
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Business Incubation; International Case Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Business Incubation: International Case Studies
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les pépinières d’entreprises jouissent d'une popularité croissante dans nombre de pays de l'OCDE : elles sont de plus en plus fréquemment utilisées pour stimuler l'économie et l’emploi à l’échelle locale. Les pépinières ont vocation à aider les entreprises à démarrer, mais elles répondent aussi à des objectifs connexes comme la commercialisation des produits de la recherche universitaire, la création d’infrastructures, l’accroissement des capacités technologiques des entreprises locales ou la création d'un environnement sûr pour les entreprises implantées dans des zones à forte criminalité. Ainsi, les pépinières d’entreprises sont loin d'être conformes à un modèle unique, elles sont, comme le montre cette publication, multiples. Leurs caractéristiques et leurs modes de fonctionnement varient, ainsi que les objectifs qu’elles poursuivent. Les pépinières d’entreprises suscitent l'intérêt de nombreux acteurs économiques. Administrations locales et régionales, universités, chambres de commerce, parcs scientifiques, promoteurs immobiliers du secteur privé et organisations à but non lucratif, tous ont participé à la création et à la gestion de programmes dans ce domaine. Cependant, les pépinières constituent, dans bien des pays, une industrie encore jeune, et les examens critiques de leurs performances font souvent défaut. Ce livre fait le point sur les expériences récentes de l'Australie, de l'Allemagne, de l'Italie, du Royaume-Uni et des Etats-Unis en matière de création de pépinières d’entreprises. C'est l'un des premiers ouvrages à avoir une approche internationale de la question.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273788-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Tax/Benefit Position of Employees : 1997 1998 Edition = La situation des salariés au regard de l'impôt et des transferts sociaux : 1997 Edition 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264072510
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Employment ; Taxation ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Steuerbelastung
    Abstract: This annual publication provides unique information on direct taxes levied from employees and their employers in all OECD Member countries. In addition, the book specifies family benefits paid as cash transfers. Amounts of taxes and benefits are detailed program by program, for eight household types, which differ by income level and household composition. Results include the tax burden for one- and two- earner families.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264072510-en-fr
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparing youth for the 21st century : the transition from education to the labour market; proceedings of the Washington D.C. conference, 23 - 24 February 1999; [Conference "Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: the Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Preparing youth for the 21st century
    RVK:
    QV 240
    RVK:
    DL 2000
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Berufsbildung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173422-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development Co-operation Reviews: Denmark 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.33
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Danemark 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Danemark 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Denmark's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that Denmark is the top performer among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in terms of the volume of its official development assistance (ODA). Denmark’s ODA volume has been maintained at around 1% of gross national product (GNP) since 1992, thanks to a strong consensus and public support for development aid. The quality of Denmark’s aid effort is also most impressive. In particular this high volume of aid is supported by a strong long-range strategy, whose directions - and especially the central emphasis on poverty reduction - are in harmony with the Development Partnership Strategy agreed by the DAC in 1996. Denmark has succeeded in concentrating its bilateral assistance on 20 countries, 18 of which are low-income or least developed countries. Aid is concentrated on sectors of particular relevance to the poor and on programmes in the poorest areas of these countries, thus working towards the goal of poverty reduction. Since 1996, Denmark has pursued a policy of "active multilateralism" to promote its concerns for increased focus and efficiency in multilateral aid programmes. However, there is no clear evidence that this policy has greatly advanced the intended results, as it still reflects a largely unilateral approach more than a joint endeavour. Denmark is a long-standing positive example of the integration of the aid system with other aspects of foreign relations. This approach combines policy coherence in Denmark’s relations with developing countries and professionalism in the aid programme, enhanced by an effective decentralisation of responsibility to embassies in programme countries. This integrated approach has helped Danish development assistance (Danida) to pioneer since 1994 a shift in aid implementation from project support to Sector Programme Support (SPS), an approach which should be mutually reinforcing with the DAC’s Partnership Strategy. It implies also a stepping up in co-ordination activities, both between donors and with partner countries, which Denmark has fully backed.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173088-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Participatory Governance : The Missing Link for Poverty Reduction (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.17
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gouvernance participative : Le chaînon manquant dans la lutte contre la pauvreté
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Empowerment of the poor is one ingredient in effective poverty reduction. • A demand-driven participatory approach enhances effectiveness and efficiency. • Accountability is the central lever for participatory governance. • Capacity building is necessary for making participatory governance a reality.
    DOI: 10.1787/888041015581
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender, Human Capital and Growth : Evidence from Six Latin American Countries (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 96 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.151
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This Technical Paper reports on a body of research conducted for the OECD Development Centre by Donald J. Robbins. It examines the patterns and determinants of rapidly rising educational attainment in six Latin American countries — Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Uruguay — all of which illustrate the sweeping transformations in growth, demographics and education now occurring in much of the world. It finds that rising per capita output, through a mechanism which induces women to join the labour force and interacts with falling family size, acts as the key factor leading to mounting educational achievement. This in fact highlights the role of women in basic household microeconomic decisions with powerful economic and social effects — decisions about female labour-force participation and family shifts from notions of “quantity” (large families) to those of “quality” (fewer children, with more investment in health and education). It carries important implications ...
    DOI: 10.1787/484068456030
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy : China (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.153
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China is considered to be a particularly successful example of a gradual approach to transition from a command economy to a market economy. This paper reviews the initial conditions, the calendar of reform steps, and the political preconditions for liberalisation. It argues that gradualism was rather the result of a political balancing act between orthodox and reform–minded elements in the Chinese Communist Party than a deliberate approach towards facilitating transition. Economic liberalisation was considered as an instrument for safeguarding the power of the Party, but opinions differed on the degree of liberalisation needed to achieve this goal. Thus, the pace and the direction of the reform process were very much a function of the composition of the leadership of the Party at any given time ...
    DOI: 10.1787/322178001745
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Principios de la OCDE para el gobierno de las sociedades (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264474222
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Grundsätze der Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: En la última década el mundo ha sido testigo de transformaciones significantes del papel que juega el sector privado en el desarrollo de la economía y en la creación de empleos. Debido a que cada vez más países adoptan enfoques basados en mercado a la política económica, ha aumentado la conciencia de la importancia de corporaciones privadas para el bienestar de los individuos.Un buen régimen de gobierno corporativo ayuda a afirmar que las corporaciones utilizan su capital de manera eficaz. El buen gobierno corporativo ayuda además a asegurar que las corporaciones toman en cuenta los intereses de un amplio rango de componentes, al igual que para comunidades con las que operan, y que sus Juntas de Administración son responsables con la compañía y los accionistas. Ello ayuda a asegurar que las corporaciones operen para el beneficio de la comunidad. Ayuda a mantener la confianza de los inversionistas -trátese de nacionales o extranjeros - y a atraer capitales estables y a largo plazo.Los "Principios de la OCDE para el gobierno de las sociedades" fueron aprobados por los Ministros en la reunión del Consejo de la OCDE a nivel ministerial del 26-27 de mayo de 1999. Estos Principios responden al mandato dado a la Organización por el Consejo de la OCDE reunido a nivel ministerial del año 1998 a fin de definir normas y directrices de un sistema de gobierno de empresas de calidad.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264474222-es
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  • 17
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    Gouvernance participative : Le chaînon manquant dans la lutte contre la pauvreté (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.17
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Participatory Governance: The Missing Link for Poverty Reduction
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Renforcer le pouvoir des populations défavorisées est un élément déterminant pour lutter efficacement contre la pauvreté. • Une approche participative reposant sur la demande accroît l'efficience et l'efficacité. • L'obligation de rendre des comptes est le pivot de la gouvernance participative. • Pas de véritable gouvernance participative sans un réel développement des capacités.
    DOI: 10.1787/885576515325
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  • 18
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    China's Unfinished Open-Economy Reforms : Liberalisation of Services (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.147
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: During the 1990s, China has experienced a surge in imports of services, particularly those of communication, insurance and other business services, despite the fact that the authorities have maintained a plethora of restrictive measures limiting access to the service sector. Not only does this cast strong doubt over the effectiveness of these measures currently in place but also raises some important political-economy questions regarding the market access issues related to this sector. Following a brief review of the country’s efforts made since 1994 to sustain its openeconomy reforms, the paper takes stock of major policy developments in the service sector and discusses the pros and cons of liberalisation of services. The paper argues that a further liberalisation of services would be imperative for China to develop a more viable and dynamic service sector and stands to gain the full benefits of globalisation. The protective measures imposed for short-term, political ...
    DOI: 10.1787/110680138577
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  • 19
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    After the Great Asian Slump : Towards a Coherent Approach to Global Capital Flows (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.16
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Au lendemain de la crise asiatique : Comment gérer les flux de capitaux ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • The unprecedented withdrawal of foreign private capital from Asia, more than 10 per cent of GDP in the crisis countries, confronts them with a transfer problem. Creditor governments should induce their home banks into financial rescue operations to reduce moral hazard in private-sector lending, and to encourage Asia’s recovery. • The resolution of Asia’s domestic debt overhang must be the overriding policy concern for Asia’s governments; paying the inevitable fiscal cost in Asia’s restructuring process requires tax-base broadening, supported by easy monetary policy. • Progress towards a less crisis-prone international financial system will hinge on how to correct the excessive risk taking by banks. Regulatory distortions through the Basle Accord which bias bank lending towards the short term should be corrected. • Developing countries should strengthen bank and non-bank balance sheets and raise the quality of inflows; Chile-type regulatory measures, however, will only be effective in an appropriate policy context.
    DOI: 10.1787/103552636186
    URL: Volltext
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  • 20
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    Agriculture in China and OECD Countries : Past Policies and Future Challenges (OECD Proceedings) (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.1/851
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The pace of growth in China's agricultural sector is remarkable. Over the past 20 years, food production has outpaced population growth, and enhanced the nutritional status of a billion people. But this success has given rise to a number of questions. Most importantly, will China be able to provide food for its population in a sustainable way, while absorbing the 15 million people added to its population each year? What policies should accompany China’s transition to a market-based economy in the agricultural sector which employs the vast majority of China’s working population? What are the implications of economic and agricultural growth for the environment, the rural communities and the social fabric? What are the implications for international agricultural markets and what could be at stake for other food importing countries? Determining how this demand for food will be met requires a complex analytical framework whose parameters are the subject of an intense discussion and debate. The proceedings of this workshop provide a rich repository of material that helps answer many of these questions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173293-en
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  • 21
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    L' Application du Modèle de Convention fiscale de l'OCDE aux sociétés de personnes (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273313
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Questions de fiscalité internationale no.6
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Application of the OECD Model Tax Convention to Partnerships
    Keywords: Taxation ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: L'application des conventions fiscales aux cas impliquant des sociétés de personnes soulève un certain nombre de questions complexes. Dans quelles circonstances une société de personnes a-t-elle le droit de bénéficier des dispositions d'une convention fiscale ? Que se passe-t-il lorsque l'Etat de la résidence et l'Etat de la source appliquent des articles différents de la convention en vertu des spécificités de leurs droits internes ? Comment résoudre les problèmes d'imputation de revenu ? Ce rapport explore ces questions en s'appuyant sur des exemples précis. Chaque exemple comporte une description des faits et, le cas échéant, des dispositions applicables de la législation fiscale interne. On trouvera également dans cet ouvrage des recommandations précises sur la façon de régler les problèmes pratiques de fiscalité internationale liés aux sociétés de personnes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273313-fr
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  • 22
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    Trade, Investment and Development: Policy Coherence Matters (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Pour la cohérence des politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques
    RVK:
    QC 347
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; OECD ; Entwicklungspolitik
    Abstract: The development process can advance more rapidly than ever before in the new global economy. While opening their economies to trade and investment is a necessary condition for developing countries to achieve sustained high growth and reduce poverty, it is by no means a sufficient condition. Initiating a sustainable dynamic growth requires sound, market-oriented economic policies; appropriate social policy frameworks, including strong investment in human capital and adequate social safety-nets; and good governance. But, as shown by the Asian financial crisis, weaknesses in any of these basic foundations make even successful developing economies vulnerable to crisis. OECD countries have a pivotal role to play in facilitating developing countries' efforts to fully exploit the benefits of open trade and investment. The key objective of this report is to identify how OECD countries can promote policy coherence by improving the framework for international investment and capital flows; addressing environmental concerns; facilitating participation of developing countries in the global information society; and enhancing the coherence of development co-operation policies. To be successful, policy coherence implies the broader agenda of consciously taking account of the needs and interests of developing countries in order for them to be effective rather than vulnerable and marginal players in the global economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273504-en
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  • 23
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    Les services stratégiques aux entreprises (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273597
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strategic Business Services
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les services stratégiques aux entreprises, que cet ouvrage étudie dans 21 pays de l'OCDE, englobent les services de logiciels et de traitement de l'information, les services de recherche-développement (R-D) et techniques, les services de marketing, d'organisation de l'entreprise (services de conseil en gestion et de recrutement du personnel), et de mise en valeur des ressources humaines. Ces services se sont développés à un rythme d’environ 10 % par an, leur chiffre d’affaires cumulé devant avoisiner 1 500 milliards de dollars des États-Unis en 1999. Ces services, qui sont créateurs d’emplois, représentent au moins 11 millions d’emplois directs dans les pays de l’OCDE. Au milieu des années 90, les services d’organisation de l’entreprise étaient le principal employeur avec 3,6 millions d’emplois dans les services de recrutement de personnel et 1,5 million dans le conseil en gestion. L’excellente performance de ce secteur tient à de nombreux facteurs : l'évolution générale de l’économie vers les services, la montée des économies fondées sur le savoir, le besoin d'une plus grande flexibilité au sein des entreprises, la spécialisation et la division accrue du travail dans de nombreux secteurs, le recours des entreprises bien établies à la sous-traitance et la tendance à privilégier les petites unités de production et entreprises. Les pouvoirs publics peuvent influencer la demande de services aux entreprises en favorisant les investissements incorporels du secteur privé dans la R-D, dans la formation et l'éducation et dans l'organisation de l'entreprise, et en soutenant l’offre de ces services à travers toute une série d’organismes intermédiaires. La fourniture de services stratégiques aux entreprises est considérée comme essentielle pour améliorer la performance et la compétitivité des PME. Pays couverts Allemagne Australie Autriche Canada Danemark Espagne États-Unis Finlande France Irlande Italie Japon Mexique Norvège Nouvelle-Zélande Pays-Bas Portugal Royaume-Uni Suède Suisse Turquie
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273597-fr
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  • 24
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    L' industrie des biens et services environnementaux : Manuel de collecte et d'analyse des données (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273658
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Environmental Goods and Services Industry; Manual for Data Collection and Analysis
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Environmental Goods and Services Industry: Manual for Data Collection and Analysis
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: L'industrie des biens et services environnementaux connaît une croissance rapide à travers le monde. Cette croissance résulte de la nécessité de préserver l'environnement et de l'adoption par les gouvernements et les entreprises de stratégies durables sur le long terme. Pourtant, alors que cette industrie fournit aux entreprises et aux nations les produits et services indispensables pour relever les défis environnementaux, elle reste mal définie, mal classifiée et mal comprise.Ce manuel est le fruit des travaux conjoints de l'OCDE et d'Eurostat ; il vise à fournir une base solide pour établir des statistiques de l'industrie environnementale qui soient comparables. Il s'appuie sur l'expérience récemment acquise par les pays de l'OCDE dans l'élaboration de statistiques propres à rendre compte d'une industrie si diverse qu'elle échappe souvent aux systèmes de classification traditionnels.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273658-fr
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  • 25
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    Echanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274235
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development; Policy Coherence Matters
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development: Policy Coherence Matters
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Le développement devrait pouvoir progresser plus rapidement que jamais dans la nouvelle économie mondiale. Si l'ouverture des économies en développement aux échanges et à l'investissement est une condition nécessaire pour instaurer une croissance élevée et durable en participant à l’économie mondiale, ce n’est en aucun cas une condition suffisante. Enclencher une dynamique de croissance durable requiert des politiques économiques saines et obéissant aux principes du marché, des politiques sociales d'accompagnement adaptées, ainsi qu'une bonne gestion des affaires publiques. Mais comme l'a démontré la crise financière asiatique, des carences dans ces trois domaines peuvent fragiliser des économies en développement même très performantes. Les pays de l'OCDE ont un rôle central à jouer pour faciliter les efforts que mènent les pays en développement pour tirer parti de tous les avantages de l'ouverture aux échanges et à l'investissement. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de déterminer comment les pays de l'OCDE peuvent promouvoir la cohérence des politiques en : améliorant le cadre dans lequel s'inscrivent les flux internationaux d'investissement et de capitaux ; en prenant en compte les préoccupations environnementales ; et en facilitant la participation des pays en développement à la société mondiale de l'information. Pour être couronnée de succès, il est nécessaire que la cohérence des politiques prenne délibérément en compte les besoins et les intérêts des pays en développement, afin d'en faire des acteurs de l'économie mondial efficaces, plutôt que vulnérables et marginaux. Pour en savoir plus Echanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274235-fr
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  • 26
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    Asia and the global crisis : the industrial dimension (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Asia and the global crisis
    RVK:
    QM 331
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Asiatisch-Pazifischer Raum ; Währungskrise ; Industrie
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173620-en
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  • 27
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    Economic Policy Reform and Growth Prospects in Emerging African Economies (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.145
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: We assess the prospects for growth of African economies up to the year 2010 by modelling structural and policy determinants of growth, under different scenarios for changes in the exogenous factors and economic policies which shape the projections. To this end we estimate a growth model for 39 African economies, during seven five-year periods from 1960 through 1995. The model emphasises two engines of growth: i) investment and ii) growth of exports. Using a composite indicator of “emerging economies” iiset up on the basis of the economic performance, quality of policies and political stability of African countries ppwe identify 14 African economies that stand better chances to achieve a lasting improvement in their policies and growth performance in the years ahead. These “emerging economies” can be mostly found in the Southern-Eastern and the Western parts of Africa. Our growth simulations involve two policy scenarios: a baseline scenario which extends policy trends observed ...
    DOI: 10.1787/886414788068
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  • 28
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    La libéralisation de l'agriculture tunisienne et l'Union européenne : Une vue prospective (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.144
    Keywords: Development ; European Union ; Tunisia
    Abstract: In the context of the partnership agreement signed between Tunisia and the European Union in 1995, talks will begin in the year 2000 on the liberalisation of their agricultural trade. Tunisia’s political attachment to Europe will give the country the opportunity to diversify agricultural policy. Hitherto based on achieving self sufficiency in food, this policy has resulted in poor resource allocation. The goal now is to find the least costly means of reforming Tunisian agricultural policy, particularly for rural households, while seeking the extent to which Europe could help in the transition towards a more dynamic agricultural sector. With the assistance of a dynamic general equilibrium model, this technical paper examines a number of scenarios for Tunisian agriculture towards 2010. It finds that in the absence of EU concessions, which could take the form of the removal of tariff quotas, it would not be in Tunisia’s interest to reduce support for agriculture and lower its own ...
    DOI: 10.1787/557216740816
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  • 29
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    Au lendemain de la crise asiatique : Comment gérer les flux de capitaux ? (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.16
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. After the Great Asian Slump: Towards a Coherent Approach to Global Capital Flows
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Le repli massif des capitaux étrangers investis en Asie — plus de 10 pour cent du PIB des pays en crise — les place devant un problème de transfert. Pour favoriser la relance en Asie, les pays créanciers devraient impliquer leurs banques domestiques dans les opérations de sauvetage financier, ce qui réduirait les aléas de moralité dans les activités de prêt du secteur privé. • Pour les pays d’Asie, la priorité est de résoudre le problème du surendettement domestique. Financer le coût budgétaire inhérent à la restructuration exige que les gouvernements des pays asiatiques élargissent la base d’imposition tout en adoptant une politique d’abondance monétaire. • Les pays en développement doivent s’assurer du bon équilibre financier des établissements bancaires et non bancaires et être plus exigeants sur la qualité des capitaux étrangers investis. Toutefois, une réglementation « à la chilienne » ne peut être efficace que dans un contexte politique approprié. • Pour évoluer vers un système financier international moins vulnérable aux crises, il importe d’agir sur les risques excessifs pris par les banques. Les Accords de Bâle induisent des distorsions favorisant les prêts bancaires à court terme qui devraient être corrigées.
    DOI: 10.1787/044360821141
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  • 30
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    The Application of the OECD Model Tax Convention to Partnerships (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Issues in International Taxation no.6
    Series Statement: Issues in international taxation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Application du Modèle de Convention fiscale de l'OCDE aux sociétés de personnes
    DDC: 343.068
    RVK:
    QL 530
    Keywords: Taxation ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: The application of tax treaties to cases involving partnerships raises a number of complex issues. When is a partnership entitled to the benefits of a tax convention? What happens when the residence and source States apply different articles of the Convention on the basis of differences in their domestic law? How can the problems arising from conflicts of income allocation be solved? This report addresses these issues in detail and focuses on specific factual examples. For each example, the facts and, where applicable, relevant aspects of domestic tax laws are described. Comprehensive recommendations for dealing with the international taxation of partnerships in practice are also presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173316-en
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  • 31
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    Echanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273306
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development; Reaping the Full Benefits of Open Markets
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development: Reaping the Full Benefits of Open Markets
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Les économies en développement et en transition s'efforcent d'accélérer leur développement en libéralisant leurs échanges et leurs investissements, et en saisissant les opportunités offertes par l'économie mondiale. A la suite des crises financières récentes, la crainte a cependant été exprimée que certains pays se détournent de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement. En fait, la plupart des pays touchés par la crise continuent de libéraliser échanges et leurs investissements, en quoi ils voient une solution, et non une cause de la crise. Cette étude examine les avantages et les enjeux de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement pour le développement, en s'appuyant sur les expériences menées par des économies de différentes régions du monde. L'expérience montre que l'ouverture des marchés et de l'investissement a été bénéfique lorsqu'elle s'est accompagnée d'un ensemble cohérent de mesures macroéconomiques et structurelles conçues pour stimuler la croissance, d'un renforcement des capacités, d'une politique sociale appropriée, et d'une bonne gestion des affaires publiques. Qui plus est, des pays comme la Corée ou le Mexique, qui ont opposé à la crise économique la libéralisation et les réformes structurelles, en ont tiré des résultats positifs. Un nouveau cycle de négociations commerciales multilatérales est donc d'un intérêt vital pour tous les pays -- développés, en développement ou en transition -- pour préparer l'économie mondiale du XXIe siècle. Pour en savoir plus Echanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273306-fr
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  • 32
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    Strategic Business Services (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les services stratégiques aux entreprises
    RVK:
    QQ 200
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Unternehmensberatung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD ; Dienstleistung ; Industriebetrieb
    Abstract: Strategic business services, examined in twenty-one OECD country case studies in this book, comprise services in computer software and information processing, research and development and technical testing, marketing, business organisation (management consultancy and labour recruitment) and human resource development. This sector has been growing at around 10% per year, and overall turnover for 1999 is likely to be close to USD 1.5 trillion. These services create jobs in OECD countries, directly employing at least 11 million persons. Business organisation services were the major employer, with 3.6 million people in personnel recruitment services and 1.5 million in management consultancy in the mid-1990s. This sector’s strong performance is driven by the general shift towards services, the rise of the knowledge-based economy, the need for greater flexibility within firms, specialisation and increased division of labour in many areas, outsourcing by established firms, and the trend towards smaller production units and firms.Governments influence the demand for business services by promoting private sector investment in intangibles such as R&D, training and education and business organisation, and by supporting the supply of these services through a range of intermediary agencies. The provision of strategic business services is seen as key to improving the performance and competitiveness of small and medium-sized firms.Countries covered Australia Austria Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands Norway New Zealand Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173590-en
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  • 33
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    OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance: (Russian version)
    RVK:
    PS 4220
    RVK:
    QP 341
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services ; Aktiengesellschaft ; Eigentümer ; Recht ; Corporate Governance ; OECD
    Abstract: Over the past decade, the world has witnessed a significant transformation in the role of the private sector in economic development and job creation. As more and more countries have adopted market-based approaches to economic policy, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of private corporations for the welfare of individuals. A good corporate governance regime is central to the efficient use of corporate capital. Good corporate governance also helps to ensure that corporations take into account the interests of a wide rage of constituencies, as well as of the communities within which they operate, and that their boards are accountable to the company and the shareholders. This, in turn, helps to assure that corporations operate for the benefit of society as a whole. It helps to maintain the confidence of investors - both foreign and domestic - and to attract more long-term capital. The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance were endorsed by ministers at the OECD Council meeting at ministerial level on 26-27 May 1999. They were developed in response to a mandate given to the Organisation by the OECD Council meeting at ministerial level in 1998 to develop a set of standards and guidelines on good corporate governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173705-en
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  • 34
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    Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273702
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance: (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Depuis une dizaine d’années, le rôle du secteur privé dans le développement économique et la création d’emplois s'est profondément transformé. Les entreprises privées apportent une contribution importante au bien-être des individus, et ce rôle est de plus en plus reconnu à mesure que davantage de pays axent leur politique économique sur le libre jeu des mécanismes du marché. Un bon système de gouvernement d’entreprise est essentiel pour que les entreprises emploient au mieux leurs ressources en capital. Il permet également de s’assurer qu'elles tiennent compte des intérêts d’une multitude de parties prenantes, ainsi que ceux de la communauté au sein de laquelle elles exercent leur activité, et que le conseil d’administration rend compte de ses actes à la société et aux actionnaires. Grâce à un tel système, on peut ainsi s'assurer que les activités des entreprises servent les intérêts de la société dans son ensemble, on entretient la confiance des investisseurs, tant étrangers que nationaux, et on attire des capitaux à long terme. Les Principes de gouvernement d’entreprise de l’OCDE ont été approuvés par les ministres à la réunion du Conseil de l'OCDE au niveau ministériel des 26-27 mai 1999. Ils sont le fruit du mandat donné à l’Organisation par le Conseil de l'OCDE réuni au niveau des ministres en 1998 afin de définir les normes et lignes directrices d’un système de gouvernement d’entreprise de qualité.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273702-fr
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  • 35
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    Environmental indicators for agriculture (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Repr.
    Edition: Bd. 1 (Concepts and framework) - 2 (Issues and design)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental indicators for agriculture
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Vol. 1: Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2: Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
    RVK:
    ZB 60400
    RVK:
    AR 28100
    RVK:
    ZA 76000
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173750-en
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Ireland 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.35
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Irlande 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Irlande 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Ireland's development aid programmes. It finds that in 1999, Ireland marks the 25th anniversary of Irish Aid, its official aid programme. Over the last five years, the volume of Ireland’s official development assistance (ODA) has risen by an average of 20 per cent a year in real terms, the most rapid growth by a Member of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Preliminary data indicate that Ireland’s development co-operation reached 0.30 per cent of GNP in 1998, nearly double its 1992 level, and is projected to reach 0.35 per cent in 1999. After six years of impressive growth in volume and improvement in quality, most of the increase in aid in 1999 is being used for debt relief measures, European Union contributions, emergency humanitarian assistance and support for refugees in Ireland, rather than for allocations for the long-term development programmes administered by the Department of Foreign Affairs. Political commitments on aid allocations undertaken by the Minister of Finance mean that increases in the Department of Foreign Affairs’ part of the programme are now expected in 2000 and 2001. Two main issues confront the Irish Aid programme: how best to grow and how best to manage that growth. These are clearly issues which Ireland needs to consider and resolve itself, but the Development Assistance Committee can draw on its collective experience to contribute to Ireland’s reflections on these issues. A starting point, from experience elsewhere, is that Irish Aid should maintain and enhance the focused nature of the programme which is now one of its major strengths.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173330-en
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    Infrastructure Development and Regulatory Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa : The Case of Air Transport (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.154
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This Technical Paper analyses the main policy issues raised by regulatory reform in air transport in sub–Saharan Africa. Its basic premise is that improving air infrastructure is of paramount importance for the region as it tries to integrate more thoroughly into the world economy. On the basis of the experience of OECD countries with privatisation, liberalisation, and regulatory design, the author analyses progress being made in sub– Saharan Africa and identifies three important case studies: the restructuring of the regional airline of Francophone Western Africa, the sell–off of the state–owned airline of Kenya, and the overall reform process in South Africa, by far the largest market in the sub–continent. The analysis highlights the importance of regional dynamics in the upgrading of the air transport industry in developing and emerging areas. Sub–Saharan Africa has made smaller progress in this respect than, for instance, Central America. As the start of the Millenium Round and ...
    DOI: 10.1787/082160130647
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    La réforme des fonds de pension : Leçons d'Amérique Latine (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pension Reform: Lessons from Latin America
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Les réformes des régimes de retraite en Amérique latine ont eu des effets bénéfiques, cependant surestimés. • Tous les pays, Membres ou non Membres de l'OCDE, peuvent tirer profit des approches et des premiers résultats des réformes de « deuxième génération ». • Une capitalisation partielle est réalisable. Elle peut être financée de diverses manières et permettre de mieux diversifier les risques. • Des coûts administratifs élevés et l'uniformité des placements rendent les nouveaux systèmes improductifs. Une réglementation appropriée des régimes de retraite limiterait ces effets négatifs.
    DOI: 10.1787/046835250765
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    Economic Opening and the Demand for Skills in Developing Countries : A Review of Theory and Evidence (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.149
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: A basic feature of development dynamics is the reallocation of labour from low– productivity to higher–productivity activities (generally more capital–intensive and also often more skill–intensive). The expansion of skilled labour supply that accompanies rising per capita incomes is both cause and effect of this shift in skills demand. Over long periods, if skills supply and demand grow apace, skill premia would show little secular change; over shorter periods, however, inevitable lags may show up as growing or shrinking premia. A policy reform like trade liberalisation can accelerate structural change in an economy, causing an exogenous shift in relative factor demands. For some developing countries, the result may be an increase in skills demand associated with the adoption of newly available foreign technology and lower cost imported capital goods. This demand shift may be permanent or only temporary, but in either case the skills supply should eventually increase in response to ...
    DOI: 10.1787/722638700667
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    Indicators of Industrial Activity: 1998 Supplement : Sources and Methods: Quantitative Indicators (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication provides a detailed description of the Sources and Methods which were used in the compilation of the quantitative indicators published in the now discontinued quarterly Indicators of Industrial Activity, which was a unique source of short-term industrial statistics broken down by industrial sectors in OECD member countries. The indicators selected are indices of output, deliveries, new orders, unfilled orders, producer prices and employment. The statistics are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174467-en
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    Measuring Globalisation: The Role of Multinationals in OECD Economies 1999 : = Mesurer la mondialisation: le poids des multinationales dans les économies de l'OCDE 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264074187
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication presents for the first time detailed data on the role played by multinationals in the industrial sectors of the OECD economies. In an era of globalisation, these data highlight the increasing importance of multinationals in the economies of host countries, particularly in production, employment, value added, research and exports. The data also show that multinationals make a positive contribution to the economic development of host countries: productivity levels are well above those of national firms; salaries are generally higher; and numbers of employees are growing faster than those of national firms. The R&D efforts and technology transfers of multinationals strengthen the innovation capacity and competitiveness of host countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264074187-en-fr
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  • 42
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    Structural Policies for International Competitiveness in Manufacturing : The Case of Cameroon (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.146
    Keywords: Development ; Cameroon
    Abstract: This study presents the main developments in the manufacturing industry in Cameroon, based on firm-level data covering the 1980-95 period. The emphasis is on structural factors of competitiveness. A production function and an export function are estimated in order to study the determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) and export performance. The results provide evidence indicating that openness to trade, development of skilled labour and adequate management of the real exchange rate are crucial factors for the enhancement of productivity and exports. Moreover, a mutually reinforcing relationship between productivity and export performance is demonstrated. The performance of the manufacturing sector in Cameroon has deteriorated considerably since the mid-1980s. This decline is to a degree explained by Dutch disease and inward-looking policies in the manufacturing sector, resulting in a highly overvalued real effective exchange rate (REER). Based on the estimated export and ...
    DOI: 10.1787/712324150453
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  • 43
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    Boom and Bust and Sovereign Ratings (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.148
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The 1990s have witnessed pronounced boom-bust cycles in emerging-markets lending, culminating in the Asian financial and currency crisis of 1997-98. By examining the links between sovereign credit ratings and dollar bond yield spreads over 1989-97, this paper aims at broad empirical content for judging whether the three leading rating agencies — Moody’s, Standard ' Poor’s and Fitch IBCA — can intensify or attenuate boom-bust cycles in emerging-market lending. First, an event study exploring the market response for 30 trading days before and after rating announcements finds a significant impact of imminent upgrades and implemented downgrades for a combination of ratings by the three leading agencies, despite strong anticipation of rating events. Second, a Granger causality test, by correcting for joint determinants of ratings and yield spreads, finds that changes in sovereign ratings are mutually interdependent with changes in bond yields. These findings are based on many more ...
    DOI: 10.1787/251521656447
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    Managing National Innovation Systems (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les systèmes nationaux d'innovation
    RVK:
    QR 000
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: With the emergence of a knowledge-based society, innovation has become an increasingly important factor in the competitiveness of firms, the prosperity of nations and dynamic world growth. Innovation uses scientific progress to meet the changing needs of society and is thus one of the keys to sustainable development. Promoting innovation is now a high priority in most OECD countries. However, the pursuit of this objective is often hampered by an inadequate understanding of the extent to which the mechanisms of innovation are being transformed by globalisation, the development of information and communications technologies and the expanding scientific knowledge base. Drawing on new empirical data, this book analyses the fundamental changes in the linkages between industry and the science system as well as in the nature of the competencies required for firms to innovate. The changes which are transforming the respective roles of competition and co-operation in stimulating innovation and which are enabling enterprise creation and SMIs to play an increasingly active role in innovation are also examined. This book shows that innovation performance depends on the way in which the different components of the "innovation system" -- businesses, universities and other research bodies - interact with one another at the local, national and international levels, and concludes that the public authorities must change their approach to the promotion of innovation. This study defines the aims and tools of this new innovation policy and identifies examples of good policy practice recently implemented in OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189416-en
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    Trade, Investment and Development: Reaping the Full Benefits of Open Markets (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173309
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    RVK:
    QC 300
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; Freihandel ; Globalisierung ; Entwicklung
    Abstract: Developing and transition economies are seeking to accelerate their development by liberalising trade and investment, and taking advantage of the opportunities of the global market place. However, in the wake of recent financial crises, concerns have been expressed that some countries might turn away from open trade and investment. In fact, most crisis-affected countries are continuing to liberalise trade and investment, which they see as part of the solution to the crisis, not the cause. This report reviews evidence of the benefits and challenges of trade and investment for development, drawing on experiences from economies in various parts of the world. Experience shows that open trade and investment have been beneficial for development, when accompanied by a coherent set of growth-oriented macroeconomic and structural policies, capacity-building, social policy and good governance. Further, countries like Korea and Mexico that have responded to economic crisis with liberalisation and structural reform have experienced positive results. All countries -- developed, developing and transition -- have a vital stake in a new Round of multilateral trade negotiations to prepare for the global economy of 21st century.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173309-en
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    Business Incubation : International Case Studies (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173781
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pépinières d'entreprises à travers le monde ; Études de cas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pépinières d'entreprises à travers le monde : Études de cas
    RVK:
    QP 200
    RVK:
    QB 200
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: In many countries of the OECD business incubators have become an increasingly popular policy instrument for local economic and employment development. Business incubators aim to assist entrepreneurs with enterprise start-ups. Incubators are also being widely used to pursue related objectives such as the commercialisation of university research, providing infrastructure, upgrading the technological capabilities of local firms, and even affording a safe haven for legitimate entrepreneurship where crime is a constraint on business. As this publication makes clear, there is no unique business incubation model. Rather, there is considerable diversity in the types of business incubator, their modes of operation and the objectives they pursue.Interest in business incubation comes from a variety of sources. Local and regional governments, universities, chambers of commerce, science parks, private real-estate developers and non-profit organisations have all participated in establishing and running incubation programmes. However, this is still a young industry in many countries, and evaluation material is scarce. This publication reviews current experience in business incubation in Australia, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. Indeed, this volume is one of the first to treat the international experience of business incubation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173781-en
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    Agricultural finance and credit infrastructure in transition economies : proceedings of OECD expert meeting, Moscow, February 1999; [second Expert Meeting on Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Agricultural finance and credit infrastructure in transition economie
    DDC: 330.09
    RVK:
    QK 490
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Osteuropa ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Agrarkredit
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173811-en
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Spain 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Espagne 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Espagne 1998
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: The Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of Spain's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that The Spanish Government is making significant efforts to consolidate the political framework for development co-operation and improve the quality and transparency of its aid. A draft law on development co-operation was submitted to Parliament in the autumn of 1997 and new planning and evaluation systems for aid management are being introduced, including a multi-year indicative plan and country programmes. Despite severe budgetary constraints, an increase in the aid budget is also envisaged. These initiatives were well received by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) during the review of Spain's aid policies and programmes. The Committee also took note of the major improvement in the balance of the Spanish aid effort with a significant increase in the grant aid programme, accompanied by a decline in the tied Development Aid Fund (FAD) loan component, and expressed the hope that this trend would continue. The DAC encouraged the Spanish authorities to pursue their efforts to ensure greater consistency of the FAD loans with the overall development objectives and policy directions for Spanish aid. In relation to general good practice among donors, the Committee indicated its support for the measures to enhance the effectiveness of the Spanish aid programme and its capacity to implement and suggested that the Spanish authorities consider a number of further initiatives
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174290-en
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    Climate Policy Without Tears : CGE-Based Ancillary Benefits Estimates for Chile (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.156
    Keywords: Development ; Chile
    Abstract: What interest do developing countries have in limiting the growth of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions? Answering this question is crucial to moving international climate policy negotiations forward. The primary benefits for individual countries of GHG abatement remain highly uncertain and, in any case, long-term in nature. The costs, on the other hand, are near-term. Using an economy-wide model of Chile, this study examines a hitherto neglected set of benefits from climate policy, viz., the reduction in emissions of local and regional air pollutants and the “ancillary” health benefits, in this case for the people of Santiago, the capital city. These benefits are both near-term and readily captured by the country implementing the policy. Extensive sensitivity analysis is performed in recognition of the uncertainty surrounding certain key parameter and exogenous variable values — notably, Santiago residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced mortality and morbidity risk, and ...
    DOI: 10.1787/255872588381
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  • 50
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    The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy : India (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.155
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: The paper analyses economic and political causes as well as outcomes of the sudden reversal of Indian economic policies in 1991–93, after four decades of autarky and interventionism. It argues that a changing political landscape and the emergence of new interest groups, coupled with a severe balance–of–payments crisis, left little choice to the governing party but to break with the legacy of a patrimonial state. More competition, at political and economic levels, forced the hand of politicians to remove direct quantitative controls on industrial production, imports and access to capital. These reforms remained, however, partial and did not fundamentally change the politico–economic equation. Systemic opposition to reform remained strong enough to capture or neutralise some of the gains of liberalisation. Thus, the reform movement faltered and eventually ceased ...
    DOI: 10.1787/487223334520
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    Aid Activities in Africa : Gazette Creditor Reporting System 1997/1998 = Activités d'aide en Afrique : Gazette Système de notification des pays créanciers 1997/1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264072619
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This report provides detailed information on individual commitments, i.e. intended disbursements, of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to African countries for the years 1997 and 1998. This Special Africa Edition of the Gazette records the commitments which have been reported by Member countries of the OECD Development Assistance Committee and by multilateral organisations, and which have been entered into the Creditor Reporting System (CRS) database up until now (September 1998).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264072619-en-fr
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    The Role of Capital Accumulation, Adjustment and Structural Change for Economic Take-Off : Empirical Evidence from African Growth Episodes (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.150
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: In this study, we analyse extended periods of growth in Africa based on panel estimations from 27 African countries during the 1960-1996 period. Only a dozen of such rapid growth episodes are observable in Africa since 1960, and several of them eventually came to an end. We use all existing information on macroeconomic performance in Africa in a comparative manner, in order to assess the sustainability of current growth episodes. Our main conclusion is that sustainable growth needs to be based on a balanced mix of capital accumulation, macroeconomic adjustment and structural change. In addition to more commonly used determinants of Total Factor Productivity, we construct a measure for the effect of labour reallocation as well as an index of economic diversification and estimate the impact of the latter on long-term growth. We also build an analysis of investment behaviour, which is influenced by Total Factor Productivity gains, while influencing economic growth directly through ...
    DOI: 10.1787/518867170562
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    L' économie mondiale de demain : vers un essor durable ? (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274013
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy; Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen; Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global; Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy: Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen: Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global: Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les puissantes forces de changement qui convergent en cette fin de XXe siècle pourraient jeter les bases d'un essor économique durable pour les décennies à venir. La transition vers une société fondée sur le savoir pourrait générer de prodigieux gains de productivité. L'intégration des marchés mondiaux des biens, des services, du capital et de la technologie s'approfondit constamment. Et l'affirmation croissante d'une véritable conscience environnementale pourrait accélérer le passage à des modes de production et de consommation ménageant davantage les ressources. Il pourrait en résulter plusieurs décennies de croissance économique plus soutenue, des gains substantiels de revenus et de richesse, ainsi qu'une amélioration significative du bien-être à travers le monde.Mais comment libérer toute la dynamique de ces forces ? Toute une série d'initiatives sera nécessaire pour établir les règles et les cadres permettant de passer à une économie du savoir mondiale et durable. Mais par dessus tout les décideurs, que ce soit au niveau des gouvernements, des entreprises ou de la société en général, devront faire des efforts extraordinaires pour encourager l'innovation permanente, la créativité et des niveaux élevés d'investissement, tout en donnant l'impulsion à des approches novatrices qui accroissent la coopération internationale et favorisent la mise en place d'institutions efficaces. Même s'il est inévitable que les bénéfices diffèrent selon les pays, les capacités de création de richesses libérées par ce nouvel essor économique offrent une occasion unique d'inverser la tendance à l'accroissement des inégalités et de l'exclusion qui a marqué les dernières décennies.Ce livre s'appuie sur l'analyse des forces économiques et sociales à l'oeuvre dans le monde d'aujourd'hui, pour évaluer la probabilité d'un nouvel essor économique dans les premières décennies du XXIe siècle et mettre en lumière les politiques stratégiques indispensables pour en faire une réalité.Pour en savoir plus Les technologies du XXIe siècle : Promesses et périls d’un futur dynamique.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274013-fr
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    Aid Activities in South-East Europe : Creditor Reporting System 1990/1998 = Activités d'aide en Europe du Sud-Est : Système de notification des pays créanciers 1990/1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073890
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Aid Activities in South-East Europe provides detailed information on individual commitments of Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Official Aid in the Balkan region for the years 1990-1998. This special edition includes the commitments reported by Members of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) as well as statistical tables which provide a more comprehensive picture. Data presented are unique, comparable and consistent with DAC statistics' definitions and methodologies. This publication contributes to the European Commission's and World Bank's joint effort to provide information on aid activities undertaken by OECD/DAC donors in South-East Europe. The information is designed for development agencies and institutions involved in country/sector programming and analysis. For each country, transactions are ordered by commitment year and sector, and for each sector, by donor.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073890-en-fr
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    Pension Reform : Lessons from Latin America (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme des fonds de pension : Leçons d'Amérique Latine
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • There are benefits from Latin American pension reform, but they have been overestimated. • The approaches taken in second-generation reforms and their still early results hold lessons for OECD and non-OECD countries alike. • A partial shift to funding is feasible and can be financed in different ways; partial funding of pensions can lead to greater risk diversification. • High administrative costs and uniformity of investment portfolios make the new systems inefficient; pension regulation has to be designed and implemented to lessen these negative effects.
    DOI: 10.1787/056345037755
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  • 56
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Danemark 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273085
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.33
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Denmark 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: L'aide publique au développement (APD) du Danemark dépasse, en volume, celle des 21 autres Membres du Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE. Depuis 1992, l'APD danoise se maintient en effet aux alentours de 1 % du produit national brut (PNB), en volume, et ce grâce à la vigueur du consensus que suscite l'aide au développement et du soutien qu'elle recueille dans l'opinion publique. L'effort d'aide danois se distingue également par sa qualité. Abstraction faite de son volume, l'aide danoise s'appuie sur une stratégie à long terme bien définie, dont les grands axes - en particulier la place centrale qui y est faite à la réduction de la pauvreté - sont conformes à la stratégie de partenariat pour le développement approuvée par le CAD en 1996. Le Danemark a réussi à concentrer son aide bilatérale sur 20 pays, dont 18 sont des pays à faible revenu ou comptent parmi les pays les moins avancés. L'aide est en outre ciblée sur des secteurs qui présentent une importance particulière pour les pauvres et sur des programmes destinés aux régions les plus démunies de ces pays, contribuant ainsi à faire refluer la pauvreté. Le Danemark mène, depuis 1996, une politique de « multilatéralisme actif » afin que soit pris en considération son souci d'amélioration du ciblage et de l'efficacité des programmes multilatéraux. Il n'est toutefois pas évident que cette démarche ait vraiment contribué à produire les résultats escomptés, car elle s'apparente encore davantage à de l'unilatéralisme qu'à une entreprise commune. Le Danemark fournit depuis longtemps un bel exemple des avantages qu'on peut retirer de l'intégration du système d'aide aux autres aspects des relations extérieures. Dans le cas de ce pays, cette intégration a contribué à la fois à la cohérence des relations avec les pays en développement et au professionnalisme du programme d'aide, lesquels sont encore renforcés par une décentralisation effective des responsabilités aux ambassades danoises dans les pays du programme. Grâce à cette approche intégrée, les services responsables de l'aide danoise au développement (Danida) ont pu entreprendre, depuis 1994, d'abandonner l'aide-projet au profit d'une aide-programme sectorielle (APS), en synergie avec la stratégie de partenariat préconisée par le CAD. Cette démarche implique un renforcement des activités de coordination, à la fois entre donneurs et avec les pays partenaires, auquel le Danemark est tout à fait favorable. En 1999, la politique de coopération pour le développement des pays du CAD suivants sera examinée : Australie, Autriche, Danemark, Irlande, Japon et Norvège.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273085-fr
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  • 57
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Irlande 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273337
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.35
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Ireland 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: L’année 1999 marque le 25ème anniversaire du programme d’aide publique de l’Irlande « Irish Aid ». Ces cinq dernières années, le volume de l’aide publique au développement (APD) de l’Irlande a progressé en moyenne de 20 pour cent par an en termes réels, soit plus rapidement que celui de n'importe quel autre Membre du Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE. Selon les données préliminaires dont on dispose, l’aide de l’Irlande a atteint 0.30 pour cent du PNB en 1998, ce qui représente près du double de son niveau de 1992, et devrait atteindre 0.35 pour cent en 1999. Après six ans de croissance remarquable en volume et d’amélioration de la qualité de l’aide, l’essentiel de la hausse intervenue en 1999 a été destiné à des mesures d’allégement de la dette, aux contributions à l’Union européenne, à des opérations humanitaires d’urgence et au soutien aux réfugiés en Irlande et non au financement des programmes de développement à long terme administrés par le ministère des Affaires étrangères. Toutefois, la volonté politique qu’a exprimée le ministre des Finances en faveur de l’aide permettra d’assurer une augmentation de l’enveloppe budgétaire consacrée à la partie du programme dont s’occupe le ministère des Affaires étrangères en 2000 et 2001. Le programme d’aide irlandais se heurte à deux difficultés : comment assurer au mieux son expansion et comment gérer au mieux cette expansion ? C’est à l’évidence à l’Irlande qu’il appartient de résoudre ces difficultés, mais le Comité d’aide au développement peut mobiliser son expérience collective pour aider l’Irlande à y réfléchir. Un point de départ, tiré de l’expérience d’autres pays, est que l’Irlande doit conserver et même renforcer le ciblage de son programme, qui est à l’heure actuelle l’un de ses points forts. Les examens en matière de coopération pour le développement prévus pour l’an 2000 porteront sur les Membres suivants du CAD : France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Italie, Suède, Suisse et Portugal.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273337-fr
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  • 58
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Finland 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172012
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.31
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Finlande 1999
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    Keywords: Development ; Finland ; OECD ; Finnland
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Finlands development aid programmes and policies. It finds that following a steep decline in its development co-operation programme in the early 1990s Finland is engaged in redesigning and building up its aid programme. The Cabinet Decision-in-principle of September 1996 is now the main point of reference for Finnish development co-operation. It includes a firm target of 0.4 per cent by the year 2000 for the ratio of Finland's official development assistance to the gross national product (the ODA/GNP ratio), the integration of development co-operation into a coherent foreign policy framework and the reorganisation of the aid administration within the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. At the DAC review of Finland's aid policies and programmes on 16 October 1998 the Committee commended both the partnership orientation of Finland's policies, as set out in the Decision-in-principle, and the growing volume of Finnish aid, a welcome reversal of the situation at the time of the last DAC Peer Review of Finland in 1995, when aid volume was in a deep decline. This Review addresses several other key issues: Finland's long-term partnerships with primary orientation countries; the flexibility concept, included in the Decision-in-principle; the need for clear sectoral and cross-cutting policy guidance; field management and delegation to the field; and the revised screening process for project and policy proposals that is part of the quality control system of Finnish aid.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172012-en
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  • 59
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Finlande 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272019
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.31
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Finland 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Finland
    Abstract: La Finlande a maintenant entrepris de restructurer et de renforcer son programme d'aide, qui avait subi de fortes compressions au début des années 90. La Décision de principe adoptée par le Cabinet en septembre 1996 est désormais le principal document servant de référence pour la politique de coopération pour le développement. Elle stipule que le rapport entre l'aide publique au développement émanant de la Finlande et le produit national brut (ou rapport APD/PNB) devra être porté à 0.4 pour cent d'ici l'an 2000. Elle prévoit également l'intégration de la coopération pour le développement à un cadre cohérent en matière de politique étrangère ainsi que la réorganisation de l'administration de l'aide au sein du ministère des Affaires étrangères. Lors de l'examen auquel il a procédé de la politique et du programme de la Finlande en matière de coopération pour le développement, le CAD s'est félicité de l'importance accordée à la notion de partenariat dans la politique finlandaise, telle que définie dans la Décision de principe. Il a aussi salué l'accroissement du volume de l'aide finlandaise, retournement bienvenu de la nette tendance à la baisse qui prévalait au moment du précédent examen en 1995. D'autres questions essentielles ont été abordées lors de cet examen : les relations de partenariat à long terme entre la Finlande et les pays bénéficiant en priorité de son aide, la notion de flexibilité incluse dans la Décision de principe, la nécessité d'établir des orientations précises pour guider les interventions sectorielles et transversales, la gestion des activités sur le terrain et la délégation de pouvoirs aux représentations locales, et enfin la nouvelle procédure d'examen préalable des projets et propositions qui a été intégrée au système de contrôle de la qualité de l'aide finlandaise. Au programme des examens par les pairs réalisés par le CAD figurent, pour 1998, le Canada, l'Espagne, la Communauté européenne, la Finlande, l'Allemagne et le Luxembourg, et pour 1999, le Danemark, le Japon, l'Irlande, la Norvège.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272019-fr
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  • 60
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Espagne 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274495
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.27
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Spain 1998
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: Le gouvernement espagnol a entrepris de gros efforts pour consolider le cadre de sa politique de coopération pour le développement et améliorer la qualité et la transparence de son aide. Un projet de loi sur la coopération pour le développement a été soumis au Parlement à l'automne 1997 et de nouveaux systèmes de planification et d'évaluation destinés à faciliter la gestion de l'aide sont en cours de mise en place, dont un plan indicatif pluriannuel et des programmes par pays. Malgré de sérieuses contraintes budgétaires, il est par ailleurs envisagé d'accroître le budget de l'aide. Ces initiatives ont été accueillies favorablement par le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE à l'occasion de l'examen de la politique et du programme d'aide de l'Espagne. Le Comité a également pris note du net rééquilibrage de l'effort d'aide espagnol où l'accroissement sensible du programme d'aide sous forme de dons s'est accompagné d'une diminution des crédits d'aide liée du Fonds d'aide au développement (FAD), et il a exprimé le voeu que cette tendance se poursuive. Le CAD a encouragé les autorités espagnoles dans leur effort pour garantir une plus grande cohérence des crédits du FAD avec les objectifs de coopération pour le développement et les orientations générales de l'aide espagnole. Eu égard aux bonnes pratiques en vigueur parmi les donneurs, le Comité s'est déclaré favorable aux mesures visant à rehausser l'efficacité du programme d'aide de l'Espagne et la capacité de ce pays de le mettre en oeuvre, et a invité les autorités espagnoles à réfléchir à un certain nombre d'autres initiatives destinées notamment à : - garantir une application plus rigoureuse des critères de développement pour l'identification et la sélection des projets financés par des crédits du FAD et une meilleure coordination de ces derniers avec le programme de dons, une attention particulière étant accordée à la situation des pays très endettés ; - poursuivre les efforts engagés pour doter l'AECI d'une plus grande autonomie au regard des règles administratives et en matière de recrutement, afin d'en améliorer la souplesse de fonctionnement et le professionnalisme, de sorte qu'elle puisse fonctionner dans le cadre de la loi envisagée ; - réaliser une étude sur la liaison de l'aide afin d'en mieux appréhender les avantages et les inconvénients et d'alimenter le débat sur cette question à l'échelon national ; - continuer d'améliorer les méthodes d'administration des subventions aux ONG. En 1998, les examens de la politique de coopération pour le développement concerneront les pays Membres du CAD suivants : Allemagne, Canada, Communauté européenne, Etats-Unis, Finlande, et Luxembourg.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274495-fr
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: European Community 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264164079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.30
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Communauté Européenne 1998
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    Keywords: Development ; OECD
    Abstract: The European Community (EC) is the world's second largest multilateral channel for development assistance (after the World Bank). Its combined programmes are the fifth-largest among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), and EC programmes have grown an average 3.3 per cent annually over the past five years, while the combined effort of DAC countries declined by 4.7 per cent annually. The Community's allocation of resources to lower income countries has not kept pace, however, with the overall growth of the ODA budget over recent years. EC programmes operate within a complex organisation and management structure, and Brussels faces serious challenges of implementation in adapting its operations to achieve agreed development objectives. There have been important steps in the evolution of the European Commission structures: a Common Service has been created to implement co-operation activities for the four Directorates General. But there is still a need to strengthen the capacity of delegations in the field to work fully with partners in advancing local ownership and co-ordination. The EC has a strong role to play in improving the coherence of policies affecting developing countries. The report analyses this question in fields such as agriculture, trade, fisheries agreements and Community fishing fleet subsidies. Co-ordination with other donors also seems to be improving, which bodes well for better overall partnerships between donors and partner countries. In 1998, the development co-operation policy of the following DAC Member countries will be reviewed: Canada, Finland, Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, and the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264164079-en
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  • 62
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Communauté Européenne 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264076
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.30
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; European Community 1998
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La Communauté européenne (CE) est le deuxième donneur multilatéral d'aide au développement (après la Banque mondiale). Elle se classe au cinquième rang des 22 Membres du Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE par l'ensemble de ses programmes, qui ont connu une croissance moyenne de 3.3 pour cent par an au cours des cinq dernières années, tandis que l'effort global des Membres du CAD accusait un recul de 4.7 pour cent par an. Les ressources allouées par la Communauté aux pays à faible revenu n'ont cependant pas progressé au même rythme, ces dernières années, que le budget d'APD dans son ensemble. Les programmes de la CE sont régis par une organisation et des structures de gestion complexes, et la Commission est confrontée, en matière de mise en oeuvre, à un réel défi pour adapter son mode de fonctionnement à la poursuite des objectifs convenus dans le domaine du développement. D'importants remaniements ont été opérés dans la structure de la Commission européenne, notamment avec la création d'un Service commun chargé de la mise en oeuvre des activités de coopération pour le développement arrêtées par les quatre directions générales. Il reste cependant nécessaire de renforcer la capacité des délégations sur le terrain à travailler de concert avec les partenaires afin que ceux-ci fassent leurs les politiques mises en place et que la coordination soit optimale. La CE a un rôle décisif à jouer dans l'élaboration de politiques de développement plus cohérentes. C'est ce que souligne ce rapport à travers l'analyse de domaines comme l'agriculture, les accords de pêche et les subventions à la flotte de pêche de la Communauté. La coordination avec les autres donneurs semble quant à elle sur la bonne voie, ce qui est de bon augure pour l'avenir du partenariat entre donneurs et pays bénéficiaires. Les examens du CAD en matière de coopération pour le développement prévus en 1998 concernent, outre la Communauté européenne, les Membres du CAD suivants : l'Allemagne, le Canada, l'Espagne, les Etats-Unis, la Finlande et le Luxembourg.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264076-fr
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Luxembourg 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172050
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.32
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Luxembourg 1999
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    Keywords: Development ; Luxembourg ; OECD ; Luxemburg
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Luxembourg's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that Luxembourg's aid programme has made considerable headway since the first review by the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in 1993. The government has implemented most of the DAC's recommendations following that review. Measures taken by the government include: a new law defining the aims of co-operation; selection of target countries; an increase in the number of staff assigned to the aid programme; an agreement governing relations between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Co-operation (MFA) and Lux-Development, the executive agency. Over the last five years the volume of Luxembourg's official development assistance (ODA) has risen by an average of 15 per cent a year in real terms. Luxembourg's development aid reached 0.55 per cent of its gross national product (GNP) in 1997. This advance has been made possible by the unanimous support of political parties and public opinion. The non-governmental organisations occupy a special place in the aid programme since a quarter of bilateral aid is channelled through them. Luxembourg delivers its aid entirely in grant form, and largely untied. The sharp rise in the volume of aid makes it important to control and improve the quality of projects and programmes by means of more stringent selection procedures, closer monitoring of projects and systematic [ex-ante] and [ex-post] evaluations. To that end it is crucial to reduce the number of recipient countries, to strengthen further human resources for the aid programme and to extend training for co-operation staff.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172050-en
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Japan 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173576
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.34
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Japon 1999
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QG 870
    RVK:
    QM 353
    Keywords: Development ; Japan ; Japan ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: Japan is the leader in volume among DAC donors, but it ranks 19th out of 21 bilateral Members in terms of ODA as a percentage of GNP. Compared to other Members, its aid programme has a higher proportion of loans, with preference towards Asia and lower middle-income countries, and a heavy emphasis on assistance for economic infrastructure as opposed to the social sectors. Japan is making major efforts to improve its aid programme through an administrative reform, piloting the new international development strategy, a country-focused approach, and a push towards increased quality, transparency, and efficiency. The DAC encourages these developments and recommends that Japan should: - strengthen staffing and decentralisation; - enhance NGO involvement; - mainstream cross-cutting issues such as poverty, gender, and governance; - design and evaluate projects with a view towards cost-efficiency, sustainability, technological appropriateness, and socio-economic impact; - and ensure policy dialogue with recipient countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173576-en
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Japon 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273573
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.34
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Japan 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Japan
    Abstract: Le Japon est le donneur le plus généreux du CAD, en volume, mais ne se classe qu’à la 19ème place parmi les 21 Membres du comité par son rapport APD/PNB. Comparativement à celui des autres Membres, son programme d’aide fait une large place aux prêts, privilégie l’Asie et les pays à revenu intermédiaire et accorde une grande importance aux infrastructures économiques par rapport aux secteurs sociaux. Le Japon s’applique résolument à améliorer son programme d’aide ; à cet effet, il a engagé une réforme administrative, entrepris d’expérimenter la nouvelle stratégie internationale en matière de développement, adopté une approche ciblée par pays et pris des mesures visant à rehausser la qualité, la transparence et l’efficience de son aide. Le CAD se félicite de cette évolution tout en recommandant au Japon de s’employer également à : - renforcer les effectifs affectés au programme d’aide et décentraliser l’administration de ce dernier ; - associer davantage les ONG à l’action engagée ; - se préoccuper plus systématiquement des problèmes transversaux tels que la lutte contre la pauvreté, l’égalité homme-femme et la bonne gestion des affaires publiques ; - tenir compte dans la conception et l’évaluation des projets des questions d’efficacité par rapport au coût, de viabilité et d’adéquation technologique ainsi que des retombées socio-économiques ; - resserrer le dialogue avec les pays bénéficiaires. Des examens en matière de coopération pour le développement sont prévus pour l’an 2000 pour les Membres suivants du CAD : France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Italie, Suède, Suisse et Portugal.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273573-fr
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  • 66
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    Environmental Requirements for Industrial Permitting : Vol 1 - Approaches and Instruments -- Vol 2 - OECD Workshop on the Use of Best Available Technologies and Environmental Quality Objectives, Paris, 9-11 May 1996 -- Vol 3 - Regulatory Approaches in OECD Countries (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172586
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Environmental permits have played a major role in improving industry's environmental performance across the last few decades. Because they adopt a precautionary approach during the setting of environmental requirements, permitting strategies have also favoured pollution prevention. However, current permitting systems will have to adapt to address growing pressures on the environment. How are OECD countries currently meeting this challenge? What are the main features of the laws, regulations, policies and practices governing the negotiation and delivery of industrial permits in OECD countries? This publication's three volumes give new insights into these questions. Volume 1 contains a policy study entitled Environmental Requirements for Industrial Permitting: Approaches and Instruments. This report is the first comprehensive review of permitting practices for industry in OECD Member countries. It explores the principles behind environmental permits and identifies major trends in their use. In particular, the report examines how technology-based requirements and environmental quality objectives are used together to develop permit conditions. Results are also presented from four sectoral case studies of the iron and steel, metal finishing, pulp and paper, and oil refining industry . Volume 2 contains the proceedings of an unprecedented OECD workshop on "Environmental Permitting of Industrial Facilities". This international workshop brought together nearly 100 government experts, regulators, permit writers, industry permit holders and other private sector representatives from OECD Member and Observer countries in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific region. Considering the wide range of policies, practices and viewpoints discussed, the workshop represented a significant step toward a mutual international understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of current environmental permitting systems. Volume 3 provides a valuable reference guide on regulatory approaches to environmental permitting in OECD countries. It presents the main features of the laws, regulations, policies and practices governing the negotiation and delivery of industrial permits in eighteen OECD Member countries, the European Union and other international organisations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172586-en
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    Asia and the Global Crisis : The Industrial Dimension (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: It was a financial crisis, or was it? Did a band of speculators and money-changers pull the rug out from under the Thai, Malaysian, Philippine, Indonesian and Korean economies, thereby trashing the Asian Miracle? Or were more profound, longer-term pressures building in these economies which finally boiled over in 1997? In this book, the OECD explodes the myth of conspiracy and evil design, showing that well-intentioned and previously successful economic policies put the Asian economies at risk. Generous support for heavy and high-tech industries created "turnkey" companies with an excessive reliance on imported technology and inputs. In many cases, the success of these industries came at the expense of small and medium-sized enterprises, and more generally of the ability to foresee and respond to the need for adjustment. There were also detrimental effects as traditionally strong parts of these economies lost their competitive edge due to limitations in technological linkages coupled with upward pressures on wage costs and appreciating exchange rates. The book shows that the Asian breakdown had far-reaching structural global implications extending beyond the financial sphere. In examining the policy implications, the OECD argues that far-reaching industrial reforms are needed to accompany the measures being taken to address the financial aspects of the crisis. Learning the lessons from these reforms will reduce the risk of similar crashes in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173620-en
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    Institutional Investors in the New Financial Landscape (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (492 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Institutional investors (insurance companies, investment companies and pension funds) have been gaining in importance in both OECD and non-OECD countries. The institutionalisation of savings is having a profound impact on the structure and functioning of capital markets. Institutional investors are the main forces shaping the new financial landscape. This publication gives a comprehensive overview of the major driving forces behind recent trends, future prospects, financial market implications as well as regulatory and supervisory challenges related to the rise in institutional assets.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163065-en
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  • 69
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    Long-Run Growth Trends and Convergence Across Indian States (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.131
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: This paper examines the growth performance of Indian States during 1970-94. We, first, propose a grouping of States according to differences in the availability of physical, social, and economic infrastructure, using principal components analysis. Then, combining principal components analysis and panel data estimation techniques, we assess the contribution of various infrastructure indicators to growth performance. The analysis tackles endogeneity issues in the provision of infrastructure by way of instrumental variables estimation for many of the infrastructure indicators. We do find evidence of conditional convergence across States. This does not rule out persistent income inequalities due to the dispersion of steady-state income levels. Such disparities are accounted for by differences, first, in the structure of production, second, in infrastructure endowments, and, third, in Statespecific fixed effects in the growth regression. Consequently, economic policy measures aiming at ...
    DOI: 10.1787/138016038733
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    A Regional Approach to Industrial Restructuring in the Tomsk Region, Russian Federation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (512 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Tomsk is one of the oldest established centres of industry and learning in the Russian Federation. The city of Tomsk and its surrounding region now face challenging economic and resource utilisation problems. These must be overcome if the pace of development is to be quickened and deepened. At the invitation of the regional authorities, the OECD’s Centre for Co-operation with the Economies in Transition, organised a conference in Tomsk on a regional approach to industrial restructuring in June 1997. It received special support from the Institute for Advanced Studies of Vienna. This report presents the economic assessment, conference conclusions and recommendations. It will be of particular use to potential investors, businesses and other specialists interested in the opportunities arising from reforms underway in the economy of one of Russia’s oldest regions. The publication notably provides an overview of the Tomsk regional economy and its main sectors, with an examination of key regional and federal policy issues, and investment provisions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163058-en
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  • 71
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Portugal 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262195
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Portugal 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Portugal 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: Le programme portugais de coopération pour le développement se caractérise par la place privilégiée qu'il accorde, dans ses activités bilatérales, aux pays lusophones d'Afrique. Cela reflète l'étroitesse de liens historiques, linguistiques et culturels, unissant le Portugal à ces pays, qui comptent actuellement parmi les pays les moins avancés. Depuis peu, le Portugal privilégie deux nouveaux axes de coopération pour le développement. Le développement du secteur privé, d'une part, s'appuie sur les réformes économiques opérées avec le soutien des institutions internationales et sur les instruments susceptibles de favoriser la participation du secteur privé portugais. Le renforcement des systèmes de gestion publique des pays lusophones d'Afrique, d'autre part, tout en mettant plus particulièrement l'accent sur les systèmes juridiques et judiciaires, s'étend également aux institutions parlementaires, aux systèmes électoraux, aux administrations locales et à la fourniture de conseils sur des questions d'ordre constitutionnel. Cet examen du programme portugais par le Comité d'aide au développement de l'OCDE (CAD) souligne que le Portugal pourrait jouer un rôle plus important encore, notamment en Angola et au Mozambique, où la fin des conflits appelle de toute urgence une action dans le domaine du développement. Il prend note de la création récente d'une Communauté des pays de langue portugaise (la CPLP), intégrant le Brésil, destinée à renforcer le dialogue et les efforts mutuels de développement. Au cours de l'année 1997, des examens de politique en matière de coopération pour le développement sont prévus pour la France, la Belgique, les Pays-Bas et le Royaume-Uni.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262195-fr
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    A Simulation Model of Global Pension Investment (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.137
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: How and to what extent can a high degree of global financial integration help the fast-ageing OECD benefit from the delayed ageing process in the non-OECD area? The question is being raised with increasing urgency as it is slowly understood that even fully funded pension schemes will not escape demographic pressures in the absence of considerable capital flows between the ageing OECD and the younger part of the world. A simulation with a two-region neo-classical economic-demographic model reaches two basic conclusions of importance to policy makers. First, capital flows from fast-ageing, mostly OECD countries to slowly ageing, mostly developing countries can only slightly attenuate, but not reverse, the consequences of an ageing population on falling returns to capital. Second, significant distributional effects are likely to arise from the interaction of population ageing and financial integration. Global financial integration benefits elderly lifetime savers, but hurts elderly ...
    DOI: 10.1787/064457031713
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    DAC Guidelines for Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment in Development Co-operation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) have long recognised that sustainable development must reflect the needs of women and men. These Guidelines from 1998 aim to advance gender issues in their development co-operation programmes, furthering the contribution of the DAC Expert Group on Women in Development to bringing gender issues to the fore.
    DOI: 10.1787/791d5d28-en
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    Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie chinoise ; Une perspective historique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie chinoise : Une perspective historique
    Keywords: Development ; Economics
    Abstract: This book is unique in its depth of perspective. It uses a comparative approach to explain why China’s role in the world economy has changed so dramatically in the last thousand years. It concludes that China is likely to resume its natural role as the world’s largest economy by the year 2015, thus regaining the position it had held until the end of the nineteenth century. The study provides a major reassessment of the scale and scope of China’s resurgence over the past half century, employing quantitative measurement techniques which are standard practice in OECD countries, but which have not hitherto been available for China. Written by the author of many studies on comparative economic history, including two best sellers for the OECD Development Centre, this book is essential reading for all those who seek to understand the role of China in the world economy, in the past, as well as in the present and the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163553-en
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    Determinants of Customs Fraud and Corruption : Evidence from Two African Countries (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.138
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Corruption in customs administrations is a major problem in many African countries. Data from the period 1990-96 are used to examine several hypotheses concerning the determinants of customs fraud in Senegal and Mali. Statistical tests using product-by-product data support the widely held view that high levels of taxation lead to fraud. The findings also show that hiring a pre-shipment inspection company can be an effective tool in fighting corruption, but only if it is accompanied by internal reforms like computerisation of customs procedures. Finally, changes in determinants of corruption, such as levels of taxation, have themselves depended upon broader political changes in each of the two countries ...
    DOI: 10.1787/881285326435
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    Le gouvernement d'entreprise: améliorer la compétitivité des entreprises et faciliter leur accès aux marchés financiers mondiaux : Rapport à l'OCDE du Groupe consultatif du secteur privé sur le gouvernement d'entreprise (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262874
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance; Improving Competitiveness and Access to Capital in Global Markets; A Report to the OECD by the Business Sector Advisory Group on Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance: Improving Competitiveness and Access to Capital in Global Markets: A Report to the OECD by the Business Sector Advisory Group on Corporate Governance
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Du fait de son incidence sur la compétitivité des entreprises et sur leur capacité à accéder aux marchés financiers mondiaux, le gouvernement d'entreprise apporte une contribution de plus en plus importante au développement de l'entreprenariat, à la croissance économique et à l'emploi. Dans le rapport qu'il présente à l'OCDE, le Groupe consultatif du secteur privé sur le gouvernement d'entreprise insiste sur les rôles que les secteurs public et privé sont appelés à jouer. L'organisation du pouvoir dans l'entreprise doit avant tout rester le domaine réservé du secteur privé. Les pouvoirs publics0 ont néanmoins une responsabilité particulière et déterminante à exercer dans la mesure où il leur incombe de mettre en place un cadre réglementaire permettant aux investisseurs et aux entreprises d'adapter leurs pratiques en matière de gouvernement d'entreprise à un environnement qui évolue rapidement. Il n'existe pas, en matière de gouvernement d'entreprise, une structure idéale fixée une fois pour toutes qui puisse servir de modèle à tous les pays et à toutes les entreprises : il faut au contraire encourager et favoriser l'expérimentation et la diversité dans le cadre de réglementations mettant l'accent sur les notions de loyauté, de transparence, de contrôle et de responsabilité. Dans cette optique, le Groupe consultatif présente des orientations qui selon lui devraient inspirer les stratégies mises en oeuvre par les pouvoirs publics, propose des domaines dans lesquels le secteur privé pourrait entreprendre spontanément des actions, et enfin énonce des recommandations relatives aux travaux que l'OCDE pourrait mener à l'avenir afin de contribuer à l'élaboration d'un ensemble de principes communs destinés à guider les examens et les réformes des politiques nationales dans le domaine du gouvernement d'entreprise.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262874-fr
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    La biotechnologie au service de produits et de procédés industriels propres : Vers un développement industriel durable (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263406
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biotechnology for Clean Industrial Products and Processes; Towards Industrial Sustainability
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biotechnology for Clean Industrial Products and Processes: Towards Industrial Sustainability
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Si les applications de la biotechnologie ont plusieurs décennies durant surtout concerné la santé et l'agro-alimentaire, la biotechnologie industrielle prend aujourd'hui de l'importance à l'heure où le développement industriel durable est devenu une préoccupation à l'échelle mondiale. En effet, pour assurer un développement durable et la mise en oeuvre de procédés industriels « propres », il faudra toute une série d'innovations scientifiques et technologiques, parmi lesquelles la biotechnologie aura un rôle important à jouer. Ce rapport montre le rôle croissant des procédés biotechnologiques modernes dans les processus industriels. Il met en relief leurs avantages économiques et environnementaux par rapport à d'autres technologies, attire l'attention sur des goulets d'étranglement techniques ou autres, et souligne la nécessité d'une action concertée de l'industrie et des gouvernements pour relever le défi du développement industriel durable.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Biotechnology for clean industrial products and processes
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263406-fr
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    La Chine et les économies européennes en transition: les voies de la réforme (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263017
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Different Paths to a Market Economy; China and European Economies in Transition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Different Paths to a Market Economy: China and European Economies in Transition
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: L'analyse comparative de la transition dans les pays d'Europe centrale et en République populaire de Chine met en évidence des similitudes et des différences souvent assimilées, à tort, à des approches différentes du même problème. En fait, l'environnement propre à ces deux grandes régions (puisque la Chine, par sa taille, constitue à elle seule une région), tout comme leur situation interne, renvoient à des réalités d'une extrême complexité qui rendent le processus de transition également complexe. Cet ouvrage se compose de chapitres initialement conçus comme des documents distincts et préparés pour la Conférence conjointe du Centre de développement de l'OCDE, du CEPR et du CEPII à Budapest. Ils analysent et comparent le processus de transition dans les différents régimes de droit en question. Les auteurs examinent en particulier trois grands domaines d'intérêt commun : les finances publiques, le régime des échanges avec l'extérieur et l'intermédiation financière et un chapitre critique synthétise leurs conclusions à la fin de chaque partie. Leur analyse fait apparaître des différences, certes, mais aussi des similitudes, à partir desquelles il est possible de dégager des conclusions générales en matière de politique économique applicables à toutes les sociétés en transition.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Different paths to a market economy: China and european economies in transition
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263017-fr
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    The Tax/Benefit Position of Employees : 1995/1996 1997 Edition = La situation des salariés au regard de l'impôt et des transferts sociaux : 1995/1996 Edition 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062375
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QL 550
    Keywords: Employment ; Taxation ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This annual publication provides unique information on direct taxes levied from employees and their employers in all OECD countries. In addition, the book specifies family benefits paid as cash transfers. Amounts of taxes and benefits are detailed program by program, for eight households types, which differ by income level and household composition. Results include the tax burden for one- and two- earner families.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264062375-en-fr
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Netherlands 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162556
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.24
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Pays-Bas 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Pays-Bas 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1997 review of the Netherlands development aid policies and programmes. It finds that The Netherlands is traditionally a strong performer in the community of aid donors. It has been among the leading donors in volume of official development assistance (ODA), the care with which it has been used, and in continuous efforts for increased effectiveness. In its triennial review of the Netherlands' aid policies and programmes, the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) was particularly interested in the Netherlands' ambitious, even daring, reorganisation of its development co-operation which was undertaken in 1996. This far-reaching reorganisation affects the budget process and staffing of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and embassies in recipient countries. The DAC also welcomed the planned focus of Dutch aid on poverty eradication through economic and social sector development and noted the four Dutch volume input targets. The trend in the Dutch ODA effort, which declined between 1986 and 1994 as a share of Dutch GNP ration has turned around between 1994 and 1996. In 1996, The Netherlands was the fourth-ranking DAC Member in terms of ODA/GNP ratio and the fifth-ranking in absolute terms. The Committee commended the Netherlands on its ODA performance and hoped that the Dutch Information and Awareness Programme would continue to help inform the Dutch public, which has registered firm support for Dutch aid.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162556-en
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    Institutional investors in the new financial landscape (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163069
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Institutional investors in the new financial landscape
    RVK:
    QK 620
    RVK:
    QK 800
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Institutioneller Anleger ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163065-en
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    Intellectual Property Rights and Technology Transfer in Developing Country Agriculture : Rhetoric and Reality (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.133
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The signature of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), which entered into force on 1st January, 1995, marked a turning point in efforts to strengthen and extend intellectual property protection. Under the terms of the Agreement, many developing countries are now committed to extending the scope of intellectual property rights to areas not formerly covered, such as micro-organisms, plant genetic material and techniques used for genetic manipulation. While the likely impact of strengthening intellectual property protection is a subject of intense debate and, indeed, has been at the forefront of preoccupations related to environmental degradation and the need to protect biodiversity, it is poorly researched. This paper reviews the different forms and scope of intellectual property rights relevant to technology transfer in agriculture; reviews the commitments made by developing countries under the TRIPS agreement and the alternatives ...
    DOI: 10.1787/178646264130
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    Sustainable and Excessive Current Account Deficits (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.132
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Large current account deficits are often assumed to play an important role in the propagation of financial crises in emerging markets in receipt of heavy private capital inflows. This paper reaches some major conclusions. First, the Lawson Doctrine — according to which current account deficits that result from a shift in private-sector behaviour should not be a public policy concern — has been discredited by recent currency crises in Latin America and Asia. Second, it is possible to define the size of current account deficits that should be sustainable in the long run. Third, the intertemporal approach to the current account does not provide a reliable benchmark to define when deficits become “excessive”. Fourth, large external deficits should be resisted if unsustainable currency appreciation, excessive risk-taking in the banking system and a sharp drop in private savings are seen to coincide ...
    DOI: 10.1787/808008067635
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    How Bad Governance Impedes Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.143
    Keywords: Development ; Bangladesh
    Abstract: In 1995/96, 47.5 per cent of the population of Bangladesh were still living below the poverty line. While this represents a decline compared to 62.6 per cent in 1983/84, the absolute number of poor people has in fact increased over the same period. This paper argues that the persistence of poverty in Bangladesh originates less in the lack of resources for its alleviation than in the failures of governance. These failures consist of a lack of a developmental vision, absence of a commitment that goes beyond rhetoric and that could translate the vision into policies and programmes, and weak capacities at the administrative, technical and political levels to implement such programmes. As a corollary of these failures, successive governments have surrendered ownership over national policy agendas in the field of poverty alleviation to international donors and NGOs. Furthermore, different areas of policy–making have been appropriated by special interest groups pursuing sectional concerns ...
    DOI: 10.1787/466441620275
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    State Infrastructure and Productive Performance in Indian Manufacturing (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.139
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: We present estimates, at the State level, of Indian manufacturing Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Technical Efficiency (TE) from the estimation of production functions for 17 manufacturing industries from 1976 to 1992. Our analysis relates TFP and TE to the availability of infrastructure. We construct an aggregate infrastructure indicator from 12 indicators of core, social, and economic infrastructure. According to our findings, differences across States in manufacturing TFP and TE performance are accounted for, to a significant extent, by differences in infrastructure endowments. Our estimations make it possible, moreover, to measure the productive impact of the various types of infrastructure, as well as to identify the manufacturing industries where productivity gains are relatively more constrained by inadequate infrastructure. The findings could help in designing an effective policy of infrastructure investment, supporting both recent economic reforms towards industrial restructuring and efforts aiming to promote regional convergence in India ...
    DOI: 10.1787/765460688775
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  • 86
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    Macrothesaurus for Information Processing in the Field of Economic and Social Development : Fifth Edition (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (436 p)
    Edition: Fifth Edition
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Macrothesaurus for information processing in the field of economic and social development
    DDC: 025.4/93389
    RVK:
    QB 010
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This new edition of the Macrothesaurus for Information Processing in the field of Economic and Social Development represents a continuation of the combined efforts of many organisations over a period of almost 30 years to create a common vocabulary to facilitate the indexing, retrieval and exchange of development-related information. The Macrothesaurus comprises descriptors (keywords) designed for indexing books and documents covering the field of economic and social development. It can also be used as a search aid for documentation centres, libraries, databases and on-line networks. Efforts have been made to improve the user-friendliness and flexibility of the Macrothesaurus by increasing the number of non-descriptors (i.e. cross-references) and scope notes in this edition. The preparation of this fifth edition was guided by an Advisory Committee composed of representatives from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the OECD Development Centre, Paris.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162990-en
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  • 87
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    Different Paths to a Market Economy: China and European Economies in Transition (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Chine et les économies européennes en transition; les voies de la réforme
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Different paths to a market economy
    DDC: 338.947
    RVK:
    QG 860
    Keywords: Systemtransformation ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Kapitalstruktur ; Vergleich ; China ; Osteuropa ; Development ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift 1995 ; China ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Osteuropa
    Abstract: The similarities and differences between the transition experiences of the Central European countries and the People's Republic of China are often, wrongly, taken as alternative approaches to the same problem. In reality, there is great complexity, not only in the environments of these two great regions -- for China is as big as a region by itself -- but also within them and, therefore, great complexity in the transition process itself.The chapters in this volume, originally produced as papers for a joint OECD Development Centre/CEPR/CEPII Conference in Budapest, examine and contrast the experience of the different jurisdictions within which transition is underway. The authors concentrate on three, broad areas of commonality: public finance; foreign trade regime; and financial intermediation and a critical chapter synthesizes their findings at the end of each part. Differences do, of course, emerge, but so do similarities, leading to general policy conclusions applicable to all transition societies.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: La Chine et les économies européennes en transition
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163010-en
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    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 88
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    Les aides publiques à l'industrie au grand jour (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263574
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Spotlight on Public Support to Industry
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: A travers les programmes d'aide, ce sont jusqu'à 45 milliards de dollars qui sont transférés chaque année des budgets publics vers l'industrie manufacturière des pays de l'OCDE. Mieux appréhender l'importance de ces aides est indispensable pour comprendre leur rôle au sein des stratégies d'ajustement structurel ainsi que les effets secondaires qu'elles peuvent avoir sur les échanges, la compétitivité et l'investissement. Cette exigence de transparence prend tout son sens dans une économie en voie de mondialisation soumise à une compétitivité internationale accrue. Cet ouvrage propose la première synthèse globale sur les aides publiques à l'industrie. Elle s'appuie sur un ensemble de données unique couvrant plus de 25 pays, pour retracer, analyser et évaluer les politiques d'aide tant à l'échelle internationale qu'au niveau national. Les programmes d'aide sont examinés de façon plus approfondie à travers 17 études de cas par pays. Le soutien à la R-D industrielle et les aides en faveur des investissements physiques et immatériels font également l'objet d'une attention particulière. L'analyse montre qu'il convient, dans presque tous les pays de l'OCDE, de limiter les effets de distortion que les subventions peuvent produire sur les échanges et de contenir les dépenses publiques dans le cadre des programmes d'aide à l'industrie compte tenu du besoin d'assainissement budgétaire. Cet ouvrage sans équivalent constitue un outil d'analyse précieux pour relever ces défis.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Spotlight on public support to industry
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263574-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 89
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    Environnement économique et politique de transition vers l'économie de marché : l'Égypte (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263604
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy; Egypt
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy: Egypt
    Keywords: Development ; Egypt
    Abstract: Dans la région méditerranéenne, l'Égypte reste à la traîne en matière de réformes économiques. Ce livre en donne les raisons. Selon les auteurs, le système politique égyptien est, par nature, hostile à la réforme car il repose dans une large mesure sur le clientélisme et la domination de puissants groupes d'intérêt. De plus, la position stratégique de l'Égypte dans la politique moyen-orientale a favorisé les flux d'aide, créant un bien-être économique illusoire qui a rendu le besoin de changement moins perceptible. L'Égypte a ainsi pu échapper aux pressions du marché. Or, comme le montre cette étude, ces pressions sont le seul véritable stimulant d'une réforme fondamentale.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: The economics and politics of transition to an open market economy
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263604-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 90
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    Stimuler l'esprit d'entreprise (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263710
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fostering Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Qu'entend-on au juste par esprit d'entreprise ? Affronter la concurrence et prendre le risque de créer sa propre entreprise ? Certes, mais cela va beaucoup plus loin. Les entreprises créent emplois et richesse. Elles insufflent aussi à l'économie un dynamisme essentiel pour relever les défis de la mondialisation et du changement structurel. Stimuler l’esprit d’entreprise revient à mobiliser l’énergie entreprenariale pour en faire un processus dynamique utilisant toutes les opportunités qu’offre l’économie. Cet ouvrage analyse les facteurs qui facilitent l'entreprenariat et les obstacles qui le freinent. Il offre, et c'est une première, une synthèse globale des politiques de l’entreprenariat menées dans des pays aussi divers que l'Australie, l'Espagne, les Etats-Unis, les Pays-Bas ou la Suède. Si les situations varient sensiblement d'un pays à l'autre, les comparaisons internationales montrent que l’esprit d’entreprise repose toujours sur la conjonction d'un environnement institutionnel favorable, de programmes publics bien conçus et de facteurs culturels propices. Pour se développer, il doit pouvoir s’appuyer sur des marchés financiers efficaces, un marché du travail souple, une fiscalité des entreprises plus simple et plus transparente, et une réglementation des faillites mieux adaptée à la réalité des entreprises. Cet ouvrage analyse les politiques menées dans ces domaines, tout en s’intéressant au rôle de plus en plus important joué par les autorités locales et régionales, à la contribution que l’esprit d’entreprise peut apporter au secteur à but non lucratif, ainsi qu’à l’émergence de l’esprit d’entreprise dans les économies en transition. Une alchimie à l'évidence délicate à réaliser, mais d'autant plus essentielle que stimuler l'esprit d'entreprise n'est pas seulement une ambition économique majeure : c'est aussi un défi impérieux à relever pour réconcilier croissance économique et cohésion sociale. Cet ouvrage est le dernier titre en date de la Stratégie de l’OCDE pour l’emploi. Il répond à la mission plus large de l’OCDE de concevoir des politiques publiques aidant nos économies à s’adapter à la mondialisation et au changement structurel. Cet ouvrage a été réalisé sous la direction du Service du développement territorial de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263710-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 91
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    Environmental financing in the Russian Federation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163115
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental financing in the Russian Federation
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Russland ; Umweltökonomie ; Umweltpolitik ; Russland ; Umweltschutz ; Finanzierung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163119-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 92
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    Immigrants, integration and cities : exploring the links (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 926416295X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Immigrants, integration and cities
    RVK:
    MS 3600
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Einwanderungspolitik ; Soziale Integration ; Stadt
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162952-en
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  • 93
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    Technology, Productivity and Job Creation : Best Policy Practices 1998 Edition (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328 p.) , ill.
    Edition: 1998 Edition
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Technologie, productivité et création d'emplois ; Politiques exemplaires Edition 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Technologie, productivité et création d'emplois : Politiques exemplaires Edition 1998
    Keywords: Employment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: While the development of new knowledge is becoming increasingly important in the emerging knowledge-based economy, the impact of technology on growth, jobs and welfare is determined largely by the way in which technology is diffused, absorbed and used throughout the economy. For technological progress to bring not only higher productivity but also economic expansion and new jobs it is pivotal with conditions which allow for industrial restructuring, entry and expansion of small firms, growth of new industries, launching of new products, and mechanisms accounting for effective upskilling of the labour force. This report points to a decline in public support for research and development (R&D), mainly affecting basic, long-term research, and examines the levelling-off in private sector R&D along with changes in its direction away from basic, exploratory research towards more market-driven and short-term innovative efforts. It explores how the special characteristics of national innovation systems impact on the mechanisms for innovation and diffusion of technology, and examines the rationale for policy in this area. A key challenge for policy makers is to co-ordinate measures so as to obtain consistent and credible incentives for firms and individuals. Assessing what works and what does not work in policy, the report identifies "best practices" in specific areas: management of the science base; financial support for industrial R&D efforts; technology diffusion policies and initiatives; policies for new technology-based firms; policies for facilitating growth in new demand; and policies for high-performance workplaces and intangible investment. Despite many initiatives, OECD countries have not yet fully adapted to the characteristics and challenges of knowledge-based economies. Technology policies continue to be too piecemeal, paying insufficient attention to linkages within national innovation systems and to broader structural reforms. They focus too much on the small high-tech segment of the economy and too little on fostering innovation and technology diffusion economy-wide. There is also scope for improving the effectiveness of policies, notably through increased use of market-based instruments and better evaluation. Recommendations are put forward of measures to be taken by individual OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163416-en
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  • 94
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    Rural Industrial Development in Viet Nam and China : A Study in Contrasts (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.140
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Apart from size of population and GDP, China and Viet Nam have a good deal in common. Both are economies in transition from socialist central planning to the market. Both were largely agrarian societies on the eve of their reforms and, in both, unleashing the productive forces of agriculture was an important early reform result. Indeed, a rapid improvement in rural living standards is among the outstanding achievements of both countries. In the case of industrial development, the differences in their post-reform experience are more striking than the similarities. In both countries, industry has grown rapidly since reforms, much more rapidly on average than agriculture. Yet, the motor force of industrial growth has been different in the two countries. In China, rural township and village enterprises (TVEs) — first collectively and more recently privately owned — have led industrial growth, with state enterprises lagging far behind. In Viet Nam, growth has been comparable in state ...
    DOI: 10.1787/262608643561
    URL: Volltext
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  • 95
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    Exchange-Rate Management and Manufactured Exports in Sub-Saharan Africa (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.134
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the evolution of exchange-rate regimes in Africa and then attempts to assess empirically the impact of exchange-rate policy on manufactured export performance on a panel of major Sub-Saharan Africa countries over the 1970-92 period. We examine the impact of three exchange-rate policy indicators: real effective exchangerate changes, real exchange-rate volatility, and (model-based measures of) real exchange-rate misalignment. Export supply functions are estimated for three manufacturing industries (textile, chemicals, and metals) and two exchange-rate regimes: a fixed rates regime including six CFA Franc countries, and a more flexible regime represented by five non-CFA countries. Our findings show that exchange-rate management matters for export performance. This is evidenced both by the significant impact of changes in the real effective exchange rate and by the negative influence exerted independently by real exchange-rate misalignment. On the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/211147404816
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  • 96
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    Corporate Governance: Improving Competitiveness and Access to Capital in Global Markets : A Report to the OECD by the Business Sector Advisory Group on Corporate Governance (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162709
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le gouvernement d'entreprise; améliorer la compétitivité des entreprises et faciliter leur accès aux marchés financiers mondiaux ; Rapport à l'OCDE du Groupe consultatif du secteur privé sur le gouvernement d'entreprise
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Corporate governance
    RVK:
    QP 341
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Internationaler Finanzmarkt ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Industry and Services ; Corporate Governance ; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ; Kapitalbeschaffung
    Abstract: Through its impact on corporate competitiveness and access to global capital markets, corporate governance plays an increasingly important role for entrepreneurship, economic growth and employment. In its report to the OECD, the Business Sector Advisory Group on Corporate Governance emphasizes that while corporate governance should remain primarily a private sector prerogative, governments have a distinct and important responsibility in providing a regulatory framework that allows investors and enterprises to adapt corporate governance practices to rapidly changing circumstances. There is no static or final structure in corporate governance that every country or corporation should emulate: experimentation and variety should be expected and encouraged within the limits of credible regulations emphasizing fairness, transparency, accountability and responsibility. Within this framework, the Advisory Group presents the perspectives that it believes should guide public policies related to corporate governance, suggests areas for private sector voluntary action and recommends further actions by the OECD to help articulate a set of common principles guiding national policy reviews and reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162709-en
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  • 97
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    Internationalisation of Industrial R&D : Patterns and Trends (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163782
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'internationalisation de la R-D industrielle ; Structures et tendances
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Hatzichronoglou, Thomas-George, 1944 - Internationalisation of industrial R & D
    DDC: 607/.2
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Keywords: Industrieforschung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Betriebliche Standortwahl ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Industrie ; Internationalisierung
    Abstract: In an age of globalising production, the internationalisation of industrial R&D is an increasingly pronounced feature in OECD countries. But just how extensive a phenomenon is it? What proportion of national research is under foreign control, and in which sectors? How much R&D do multinational corporations undertake outside their own home countries? This report also analyses the linkages between the production and R&D activities of foreign affiliates in OECD countries, and of affiliates of domestic firms abroad, on a sectoral level. It highlights the need to reassess each country's potential for R&D and innovation, in the light of what is being done both within and beyond its borders.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'internalisation de la R-D industrielle
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163782-en
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  • 98
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Belgium 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162464
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Belgique 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Belgique 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Belgium
    Abstract: The Belgian aid system has experienced serious problems in recent years and is now going through a crucial transition period. An action plan has been prepared by the Secretary of State for Co-operation and basic reforms are under way. This plan, entitled "Showing our colours -- Plan for the future of Belgian co-operation and development", was well received by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC). During its triennial peer review of Belgium's development co-operation policy and aid programme, the Committee also took note of the determination of the Secretary of State to design a co-operation programme that goes beyond economic and social considerations to take full account of the basic values of the society. In relation to general good practice among donors, the Committee indicated its support for a number of measures that might enhance the effectiveness of Belgium's development co-operation programme, including increasing efficiency by decentralising more executive functions and monitoring effectiveness through an active assessment, evaluation and feedback policy; raising staff skills through better training in key development subjects and by delegating authority both internally and to local offices; devising country strategies based on a new partnership approach; and focusing technical co-operation efforts on strengthening local capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162464-en
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  • 99
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: United States 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; États-Unis 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : États-Unis 1998
    Keywords: Development ; United States
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of the US development aid policies and programmes. It finds that after a period of declining support, the United States has in recent years worked to strengthen both political and public confidence in its foreign assistance programmes. USAID's new Strategic Plan, issued in September 1997, aims at clear results through its support of developing and transitional countries' efforts to achieve sustained economic and social progress and to share more fully in resolving global problems. An ambitious effort has been made to link the reform of aid management to clearer goals and stronger partnerships. Nevertheless, the volume of resources devoted by the United States to official development assistance has continued its downward trend. Measured as a percentage of GNP, the United States now provides the lowest amount, by far, of any Member of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). At its triennial review of the United States' aid policies and programmes on 6 April 1998, the DAC welcomed the measures that have been taken and looked forward to the full impact of the reforms and initiatives that have been launched. After serious international concern over recent years about diminishing funding and staffing in the United States programme, there are welcome first indications of strengthening budgets for aid to developing countries, confirmed by President Clinton's recent commitment to seek to increase the budget for African aid to its historically high levels. It is important that the United States pursue pro-development policies on a broad range of issues. Thus, the review gives special attention to the work of USAID in the areas of democracy, participation, governance, dealing with conflict and disasters, as well as the Transition Initiative, set up to help the United States respond to the needs falling between relief and development. Trade policy is also highlighted, as are the United States' multilateral contributions, and its role in promoting gender equality.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163461-en
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  • 100
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    The Competitiveness of Transition Economies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: International trade has played a key role in the transition process. Exports were essential for the recovery from the transition shock and sustainable growth depends on the capacity of each country to reap the benefits of the openness to international trade and foreign investment. This book offers a comprehensive and a comparative approach on the different interactions between trade, FDI and the process of economic transformation. One of its original points is the quantification of both price and non-price aspects of product market competition. Based on this analysis, each country is ranked according to the type and strength of its competitive position and conclusions are drawn concerning further economic restructuring.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163386-en
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