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  • 2000-2004  (159)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (159)
  • Birmingham, AL, USA : EBSCO Industries, Inc.
  • Energy  (85)
  • Employment  (74)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Migration for Employment : Bilateral Agreements at a Crossroads (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108684
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Migration et emploi ; Les accords bilatéraux à la croisée des chemins
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Migration for employment
    DDC: 331.6/2/094
    RVK:
    QV 224
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Personalbeschaffung ; Internationales Abkommen ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Electronic books ; Konferenzschrift ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Migration
    Abstract: This report opens with an overview of bilateral agreements and other forms of labour recruitment of foreigners in several OECD countries (Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States) as well as in the Philippines and Romania.  It then has a series of chapters describing the management and implementation of these practices and analysing the impact of these agreements on labour markets, economic development and migration policies of both sending and receiving countries.  It also examines the prospects for this type of migration. The Annex lists the principal agreements signed by OECD countries, by type of recruitment scheme (e.g. seasonal, contract workers, trainees and guest workers).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108684-en
    URL: Volltext
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    GBV
    KOBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 3) : New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 3) ; Nouvelle-Zélande, Portugal et Suisse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses; Políticas de Conciliação da Actividade Profissional e da Vida Familiar (Volume 3); Nova Zelândia, Portugal e Suíça
    DDC: 331.25
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; New Zealand ; Portugal ; Switzerland ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This study, part of a series on OECD countries, considers how a tax/benefit and childcare policies and workplace practices help determine parental labour market outcomes and may impinge on family formation in New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland. The book makes recommendations for policy reform aimed at a better reconciliation of work and family commitments in these three countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108356-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coming in from the Cold : Improving District Heating Policy in Transition Economies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108202
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.7930947
    Keywords: Energy ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Coming In from the Cold provides a road map of options to help transition economy policy makers sort through key district heating issues. It finds that district heating systems in formerly socialist countries could save the equivalent of 80 billion cubic meters of natural gas a year through supply-side efficiency improvements. This is greater than total annual natural gas consumption in Italy! It provides detailed suggestions regarding reforms in regulation, competition, investment policy, and ownership and management structures that could save significant amounts of energy, and thereby boost energy security and help the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108202-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Renewable Energy : Market and Policy Trends in IEA Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107922
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (672 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 621.042
    RVK:
    AR 26300
    Keywords: Energy ; Electronic books ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energiepolitik ; Energiemarkt
    Abstract: A review of the experience of IEA countries after the oil crises in the 1970s, which initiated a surge of investments in renewables research and development. While use of renewables has grown rapidly, they still account for only a small portion of the IEA energy mix. This work examines policies and measures that have been introduced in IEA countries to increase the cost effective deployment of renewables, reviews the objectives behind these policies, and evaluates the results.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107922-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biofuels for Transport : An International Perspective (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.95/39
    RVK:
    VN 5470
    RVK:
    ZB 92100
    RVK:
    ZE 37000
    Keywords: Energy ; Electronic books ; Biokraftstoff
    Abstract: In the absence of strong government policies, the IEA projects that the worldwide use of oil in transport will nearly double between 2000 and 2030, leading to a similar increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Bio fuels, such as ethanol, bio diesel, and other liquid and gaseous fuels, could offer an important alternative to petroleum over this timeframe and help reduce atmospheric pollution. This book looks at recent trends in bio fuel production and considers what the future might hold if such alternatives were to displace petroleum in transport.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015135-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biomass and Agriculture : Sustainability, Markets and Policies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (568 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 630
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: These are the proceedings of the OECD Workshop on Biomass and Agriculture held in June 2003. The Workshop covered two broad themes: the contribution of agricultural biomass to sustainability; and the policy approaches for developing agricultural biomass. The book proposes a wealth of material relating to agricultural biomass, bio energy and biomaterials in OECD countries. It is hoped that this will contribute to the current and future debate on agricultural biomass, particularly in the context of agricultural policy reform and the advancement of policies for sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105546-en
    URL: Volltext
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    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Statistics Manual (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p)
    Keywords: Energy ; Economics ; Energiewirtschaft ; Handbuch ; Statistik
    Abstract: Detailed, complete, timely and reliable statistics are essential to monitor the energy situation at a country level as well as at an international level. Energy statistics on supply, trade, stocks, transformation and demand are indeed the basis for any sound energy policy decision. This manual is designed to provide a basic understanding of energy statistics to the layman.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033986-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: United Kingdom 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of the UK's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016231-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Forms of Governance for Economic Development (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les nouvelles formes de gouvernance et le développement économique
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: New forms of governance are emerging. Government, business and civil society are increasingly seeking ways to develop and pursue economic development strategies and solve socio-economic problems jointly. Regional strategic platforms, partnerships, open governments and other agents of change help release the potential of their area thanks to better co-ordination, and adaptation of public policies to local conditions. This book examines how the new forms of governance overcome administrative, political and financial obstacles and impact local prosperity and the quality of life. These new approaches are illustrated with the results of some of the ambitious initiatives taken by Belgium, the Czech Republic, Mexico, Norway, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015326-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Netherlands 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (149 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's comprehensive review of the Netherland's energy policies and programmes for 2004. It finds that the Netherlands is to be commended for the pragmatism and innovativeness of its energy policy. It has provided the country with secure energy supply and economic benefits arising from competition but with due regard paid to environmental issues. The major challenges are the reorganisation of the gas market structure and curbing the growth of energy demand in the transport sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107960-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Portugal 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Portugal
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's comprehensive review of Portugal's energy policies and programmes for 2004. The report finds that while security of gas supply has received a lot of attention in Portugal, progress towards compliance with the IEA emergency stock rules should be carefully monitored. Another concern is that energy demand is growing faster than the economy. The political initiative to establish an Iberian electricity market with Spain could increase competition in Portugal but implementation is behind schedule.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108004-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Italy 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of the Italy's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017047-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The History of the International Energy Agency - The First 20 Years : Origins and Structure Volume 1 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (426 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The history of the International Energy Agency ; 1: Origins and structure
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Volume I of this History surveys at some length the institutional origins of the International Energy Agency in the 1973-1974 oil crisis, and examines the 1974 I.E.P. Agreement and other oil consumer actions which established the Agency as an operational intergovernmental institution. Volume I also considers the most important IEA relationships, the internal structure of the Agency, and the institutional arrangements which enabled the Agency to develop over the years into an effective instrument for energy policy co-operation among its Members.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020931-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating Local Economic and Employment Development : How to Assess What Works among Programmes and Policies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017092
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (462 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La evaluacion del desarrollo economico y del empleo a nivel local
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Evaluating Local Economic and Employment Development is one of the few books to examine best practices in evaluating programmes for local and regional economic and employment development. Appropriate for a non-technical readership, this book contains policy proposals for central and local governments aimed at improving the practice of evaluation, enlarging the evidence base for policy and developing a culture of evaluation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017092-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 3) : Nouvelle-Zélande, Portugal et Suisse (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108370
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 3); New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses; Políticas de Conciliação da Actividade Profissional e da Vida Familiar (Volume 3); Nova Zelândia, Portugal e Suíça
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 3): New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses: Políticas de Conciliação da Actividade Pro& 64257;ssional e da Vida Familiar (Volume 3): Nova Zelândia, Portugal e Suíça
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; New Zealand ; Portugal ; Switzerland ; Berufstätigkeit ; Kind ; Erziehung ; Familienleben ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Cette étude, qui s’inscrit dans une série couvrant différents pays de l’OCDE, examine comment, en Nouvelle-Zélande, au Portugal et en Suisse, les aides directes et fiscales à la garde des enfants et les pratiques des entreprises face à ce problème influent sur le comportement des parents sur le marché du travail et sur la constitution des familles. Elle formule des recommandations de réforme des politiques visant à aider les travailleurs à mieux concilier leurs engagements professionnels et familiaux.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108370-fr
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
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    Orientation professionnelle et politique publique : comment combler l'écart (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105676
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance and Public Policy; Bridging the Gap
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bildungs- und Berufsberatung; Bessere Verzahnung mit der öffentlichen Politik
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación profesional y políticas públicas ; Cómo acortar distancias
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance and Public Policy: Bridging the Gap
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bildungs- und Berufsberatung: Bessere Verzahnung mit der öffentlichen Politik
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación profesional y políticas públicas : Cómo acortar distancias
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Weiterbildung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Les pays de l’OCDE attachent une importance grandissante aux politiques de formation tout au long de la vie et aux politiques actives de l’emploi, en tant qu’instruments de la croissance économique et de l’équité sociale. Des systèmes efficaces d’information et d’orientation sont essentiels pour étayer la mise en œuvre de ces politiques, et tous les citoyens doivent acquérir les compétences nécessaires pour gérer eux-mêmes leur évolution professionnelle. Un grand décalage existe cependant entre les objectifs des décideurs publics et les capacités des systèmes nationaux d’orientation. Basée sur un examen conduit dans 14 pays de l’OCDE, cette publication étudie les moyens qui pourraient éventuellement permettre de remédier au décalage entre les services d’orientation professionnelle et l’action gouvernementale.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105676-fr
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
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    Online Resource
    Migration et emploi : Les accords bilatéraux à la croisée des chemins (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108707
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Migration for Employment; Bilateral Agreements at a Crossroads
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Migration for Employment: Bilateral Agreements at a Crossroads
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Einwanderung ; Arbeitsvertrag ; Bilateraler Staatsvertrag
    Abstract: Cette publication dresse un panorama des pratiques des pays de l’OCDE relatives au recrutement de main-d’œuvre étrangère. Elle analyse les obstacles qui peuvent entraver la négociation d’accords de recrutement de main-d’œuvre. Elle présente également les perspectives liées à une éventuelle coopération en matière de migration de main d’œuvre ou de développement dans les pays d’origine. Ce rapport passe tout d’abord en revue les accords bilatéraux et les autres formes de recrutement de main-d'œuvre étrangère dans plusieurs pays de l'OCDE (Allemagne, États-Unis, France, Irlande, Italie, Pologne, République tchèque, Royaume-Uni et Suisse) ainsi qu'aux Philippines et en Roumanie. Il décrit la gestion et la mise en œuvre de ces pratiques, analyse leur impact sur les marchés du travail, le développement économique et les politiques migratoires des pays d'accueil et des pays d'origine. La publication examine aussi les perspectives de développement de ce type de migration. L'annexe contient une liste des principaux accords signés par les pays de l'OCDE, par type de recrutement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108707-fr
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  • 18
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    Iniciativa empresarial y desarrollo económico local : recomendaciones para la aplicación de programas y políticas (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103214
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local ; Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local : Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: En los países miembros de la OCDE resulta sorprendente el espectro, número y crecimiento de los programas de apoyo para la iniciativa empresarial y la microempresa. Buena parte del interés de política por fomentar la iniciativa empresarial se refleja en la convicción de que la creación de nuevas empresas contribuirá a facilitar el logro de importantes objetivos económicos y sociales. El aumento en el ritmo de creación de empresas es hoy una inquietud casi universal para las autoridades locales, al igual que para los gobiernos centrales que desean combatir la marginación económica local. Sin embargo, a pesar del amplio interés de política, pocos estudios han analizado sistemáticamente la relación entre la creación de nuevas empresas y el desarrollo económico local. Esta publicación analiza las principales rutas a través de las cuales la creación de empresas y su desarrollo puede tener un impacto sobre las economías locales. Así, se analiza la evidencia empírica acerca de la relación entre la iniciativa empresarial y las economías locales. Asimismo, se demuestra que aunque la creación de empresas puede resultar un componente crucial para el desarrollo económico local, el fomento de la iniciativa empresarial no constituye una panacea para el desarrollo. Por ello, se discuten a profundidad una serie de limitaciones potenciales de las estrategias orientadas hacia la iniciativa empresarial y cómo estas limitaciones pueden contrarrestarse. Este libro presenta detalladas recomendaciones de política tanto en el ámbito gubernamental local como nacional. Las recomendaciones se relacionan con tres ámbitos temáticos: estrategia, financiamiento y diseño de programas. Se espera que estos lineamientos sean de utilidad para los gobiernos centrales y locales en el diseño y la puesta en marcha de programas y estrategias eficaces en términos de costos. En este sentido, la presente publicación describe los tipos de investigación que deben llevarse a cabo para lograr un mejor entendimiento de los temas clave de política.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103214-es
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  • 19
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Finland 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Finland
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2003 comprehensive review of the energy policies and programmes of Finland. This edition finds that the most important development in the Finnish energy sector in recent years has been the construction of a new nuclear power plant. Scheduled to come on line in 2009 with a capacity between 1.0 and 1.6 GWe, the plant is expected to provide needed generating capacity with zero greenhouse gas emissions. The report suggests that the Finnish government should monitor the plant’s progress and stand ready to act should delay or other obstacles arise. Finland uses international trade and other tools to lower energy costs and increase energy security. Greater international co-operation through Nordpool, in international transmission lines and plans for backup power, and efforts to diversify natural gas supply options would reinforce this policy. While Finland’s light-handed approach to regulation has worked well, the report recommends areas of more proactive regulation, especially in the fields of electricity networks and district heating systems. Finland has agreed to keep GHG emissions at 1990 levels during the first Kyoto commitment period, yet projections show a 15% increase in emissions under business-as-usual conditions. Actively integrating international measures such as emissions trading into domestic programmes and more market-based approaches to renewable energy will ease the path towards Kyoto compliance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019607-en
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  • 20
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; France
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's comprehensive review of France's energy policies and programmes for 2004. It finds that French energy policy – traditionally characterised by centralisation and strong government involvement – has been largely successful in achieving energy security, environmental protection and economic efficiency. The country must now adapt to a changing European energy context in which competition and an increased international scope will play important roles. Note : Les “Conclusions et recommandations-Synthèse” (9 pages) sont en français dans la publication.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107984-en
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  • 21
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    Vom Wohlergehen der Nationen (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015548
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Well-being of Nations; The Role of Human and Social Capital
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Du bien-être des nations ; Le rôle du capital humain et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Well-being of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Du bien-être des nations : Le rôle du capital humain et social
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: DIE ROLLE VON HUMAN- UND SOZIALKAPITAL In unserer heutigen, sich rasch wandelnden Welt dürfte der Erfolg von Nationen, Individuen, gesellschaftlichen Gruppen und Gemeinwesen wohl mehr denn je von deren Fähigkeit abhängen, sich dem Wandel anzupassen, Wissen zu erwerben und auszutauschen. Der vorliegende Bericht trägt zur Klärung der Konzepte Human- und Sozialkapital bei und evaluiert deren Einfluss auf Wirtschaftswachstum und Wohlergehen. Der Begriff des Sozialkapitals, der erst seit kurzem in der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaft existiert, ist bislang noch relativ wenig belegt. Der Bericht stützt sich daher auf eine Reihe empirischer Untersuchungen, die auf potentiell signifikante Beziehungen zwischen Human- und Sozialkapital hindeuten. Den verfügbaren Erkenntnissen zufolge können Human- und Sozialkapital einen entscheidenden Beitrag zu einer ganzen Reihe positiver Ergebnisse leisten, die von höheren Einkommen über stärkeren sozialen Zusammenhalt bis hin zu größerer Lebenszufriedenheit reichen. Auch wenn es keine Belege für systematische „Unterinvestitionen" weder in Human- oder Sozialkapital gibt, werden doch gewisse Bedenken hinsichtlich Verteilung und Qualität beider Kapitalformen geäußert und die Frage untersucht, wie sich diese Aspekte auf das Wohlergehen künftiger Generationen auswirken könnten. Kurzfristig verfügt die staatliche Politik nur über begrenzten Spielraum zur Beeinflussung von Qualität, Niveau und Verteilung des Human- und Sozialkapitals. Langfristig gibt es aber eine Reihe von Bereichen, in denen staatliche, private und ehrenamtliche Akteure zur Verbesserung des Human- und Sozialkapitals beitragen können.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015548-de
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  • 22
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    Career Guidance and Public Policy : Bridging the Gap (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientation professionnelle et politique publique ; comment combler l'écart
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bildungs- und Berufsberatung; Bessere Verzahnung mit der öffentlichen Politik
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación profesional y políticas públicas ; Cómo acortar distancias
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientation professionnelle et politique publique : comment combler l'écart
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bildungs- und Berufsberatung: Bessere Verzahnung mit der öffentlichen Politik
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación profesional y políticas públicas : Cómo acortar distancias
    RVK:
    DL 3000
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Karriere ; Gleichheit
    Abstract: OECD countries are attaching rising importance to lifelong learning and active employment policies as tools of economic growth and social equity. Effective information and guidance systems are essential to support the implementation of these policies, and all citizens need to develop the skills to self-manage their careers. Yet there are large gaps between these policy goals and the capacity of national career guidance systems. Based upon a review conducted in 14 OECD countries, this publication explores how these gaps might be narrowed. It advocates improved national co-ordination arrangements and greater attention to research and data collection to inform policy makers. It also promotes the development of improved and more specialised training programmes for practitioners and the creation of more specialised career guidance organisations for the delivery of services.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105669-en
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  • 23
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    L' orientation professionnelle : Guide pratique pour les décideurs (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015227
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Slovak version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Czech version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Uddannelses- og erhvervsvejledning; En håndbog for beslutningstagere
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Berufsberatung; Ein Handbuch für politisch Verantwortliche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Greek version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación professional ; Guía para responsables políticos
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Latvian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Czech version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Uddannelses- og erhvervsvejledning: En håndbog for beslutningstagere
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Berufsberatung: Ein Handbuch für politisch Verantwortliche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Greek version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación professional : Guía para responsables políticos
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Latvian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance: A Handbook for Policy Makers (Slovak version)
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Berufsberatung ; Bildungsberatung
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage, publié conjointement par l’OCDE et la Commission européenne, donne aux décideurs publics des outils pratiques pour s’attaquer aux insuffisances de nombreux systèmes nationaux d’orientation professionnelle. Ces services sont notamment d’un accès limité, surtout pour les adultes, ils n’apprennent pas aux intéressés à gérer leur parcours professionnel, la formation y est inappropriée et la coordination des services médiocre. Dans un langage simple, qui n’a rien de technique, cette publication traite de multiples questions qui sont fondamentales du point de vue de l’efficacité des services d’orientation professionnelle, par exemple : comment élargir l’accès à l’orientation professionnelle ? Comment améliorer la qualité de l’information sur les métiers et les professions ? Comment s’assurer que les qualifications du personnel correspondent aux objectifs de l’action gouvernementale ? Enfin, comment améliorer le pilotage stratégique dans ce domaine ?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015227-fr
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  • 24
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    Bildungs- und Berufsberatung : Bessere Verzahnung mit der öffentlichen Politik (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015838
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance and Public Policy; Bridging the Gap
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientation professionnelle et politique publique ; comment combler l'écart
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación profesional y políticas públicas ; Cómo acortar distancias
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance and Public Policy: Bridging the Gap
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientation professionnelle et politique publique : comment combler l'écart
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación profesional y políticas públicas : Cómo acortar distancias
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Die OECD-Länder messen dem lebenslangen Lernen und der aktiven Beschäftigungspolitik als Instrumente zur Förderung von Wirtschaftswachstum und sozialer Gerechtigkeit zunehmende Bedeutung bei. Effektive Informations- und Beratungssysteme sind wesentliche Grundlagen für die Umsetzung dieser Maßnahmen, und alle Bürger müssen sich die notwendigen Kompetenzen aneignen, um ihre eigene berufliche Laufbahn steuern zu können. Zwischen diesen Politikzielen und den Kapazitäten der nationalen Bildungs- und Berufsberatungssysteme besteht aber noch eine große Kluft. So ist der Zugang zu Bildungs- und Berufsberatungsdiensten, vor allem für Erwachsene, begrenzt. Statt ihren Kunden die Fähigkeit zu vermitteln, ihre berufliche Entwicklung selbst in die Hand zu nehmen, konzentrieren sich die Beratungsstellen zu oft auf gerade anstehende Fragen und Entscheidungen. Ferner sind die Ausbildungs- und Qualifikationssysteme für die Anbieter der Beratungsdienste häufig unzureichend und unangemessen. Die Koordinierung zwischen den wichtigsten Ministerien und den übrigen Beteiligten lässt viel zu wünschen übrig. Die politischen Entscheidungsträger verfügen nicht über hinreichende Daten- und Erfahrungsgrundlagen, um die Bildungs- und Berufsberatungsdienste sachgerecht steuern zu können, wobei es an Daten sowohl zu Kosten und Nutzen als auch zu Kundenmerkmalen und Ergebnissen mangelt. Und was das konkrete Angebot an Beratungsdiensten betrifft, so wird zu wenig Gebrauch gemacht von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) und anderen kosteneffektiven Mitteln, um flexibler auf die Kundenbedürfnisse eingehen zu können. Ausgehend von einer in 14 OECD-Ländern durchgeführten Prüfung wird in dieser Veröffentlichung untersucht, wie die Kluft zwischen Bildungs- und Berufsberatungsdiensten einerseits und öffentlicher Politik andererseits verringert werden könnte. Es wird dafür plädiert, die Koordinierung auf nationaler Ebene zu verbessern und sich verstärkt um Forschung und Datenerfassung zu bemühen, um die politischen Entscheidungsträger mit hinreichenden Informationen versorgen zu können. In dem Bericht werden ferner bessere, fachspezifischere Ausbildungsprogramme für die Praktiker der Bildungs- und Berufsberatung sowie die Einrichtung stärker spezialisierter Einrichtungen für Bildungs- und Berufsberatungsdienste empfohlen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015838-de
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  • 25
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    The History of the International Energy Agency : Major Policies and Actions Volume 2 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264021006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 p)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Volume II of the History of the International Energy Agency takes up the energy policies and actions of the Agency during its first twenty years, from 1974 to 1994 inclusive. While the weak institutional situation of the industrial countries in the 1973-1974 crisis period made it all but impossible for them to adopt decisive and effective responses, when the time for action came, the reasons for their vulnerability to the oil producer countries were perhaps less their underdeveloped institutions than their essentially optimistic and passive oil management policies during the years preceding the crisis. Other policy choices which might have prevented or softened the crisis were available to them, as Volume II shows.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264021006-en
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  • 26
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    Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies : Luxembourg 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106130
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Pour faire face au vieillissement rapide de la population, il est nécessaire de promouvoir de meilleures opportunités d'emploi pour les travailleurs âgés. On a déjà beaucoup fait état du besoin de réformer les régimes de pension de retraite et de préretraite. Pourtant, cela ne sera sans doute pas suffisant en soi pour relever significativement les taux d'emploi des plus âgés ni pour réduire le risque futur de pénurie de travailleurs. Les autorités publiques et les entreprises doivent sans tarder prendre des mesures pour adapter la fixation des salaires à une main-d'œuvre plus âgée, pour s'attaquer aux discriminations du fait de l'âge et pour améliorer les qualifications et les conditions de travail des travailleurs âgés. En outre, les travailleurs âgés devront changer d’attitude quant à la poursuite de leur activité et à l'acquisition de nouvelles compétences. On sait relativement peu de choses sur ce que les différents pays de l'OCDE sont en train de faire ou devraient faire dans ces domaines. Afin d'y remédier, l'OCDE a lancé une série de rapports dans une vingtaine de pays. Le rapport sur le Luxembourg est le cinquième de cette série, après ceux consacrés à la Suède, à la Belgique, à la Suisse et à l'Espagne. Chaque rapport national fait le tour des principales barrières qui restreignent l'emploi des travailleurs âgés et évalue la pertinence et l'efficacité des mesures existantes pour contrer ces barrières. Enfin, chaque ouvrage présente une série de recommandations sur les politiques que les autorités publiques et les partenaires sociaux devraient mener. Ce rapport, basé sur les actes d'un séminaire, est publié uniquement en français. Cependant, on trouvera dans ce volume la version anglaise du résumé et des principales recommandations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106130-fr
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  • 27
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Sweden
    Abstract: Swedish energy policy combines strong government involvement with the judicious use of market forces. This dual approach has generally worked well, giving Sweden a reliable, low-cost and environmentally sound energy supply. Sweden must now resolve the future of its nuclear power plants, which provide nearly 50% of the country’s electricity. The government must work with stakeholders to find a credible solution.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107946-en
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  • 28
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    Entrepreneurship : A Catalyst for Urban Regeneration (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017320
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (340 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Entrepreneurship
    RVK:
    QK 300
    Keywords: Entrepreneurship ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Städtischer Niedergang ; Stadterneuerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift ; Stadtentwicklung ; Unternehmerverhalten
    Abstract: This book presents a 'toolbox' of instruments for entrepreneurship development in what often appear to be the most hostile environments for economic development in our cities, showing how entrepreneurship can indeed prosper given the right stimulus. It is based on the proceedings of the conference on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Distressed Urban Areas held 7-8 October 2003 in Rome, and organised by the OECD LEED Programme, in collaboration with the EU, the municipality of Rome, and Risorse per Roma.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017320-en
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  • 29
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Finland 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 362.6094897
    RVK:
    DV 2250
    RVK:
    QS 700
    RVK:
    QX 840
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of the Finland's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020313-en
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  • 30
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    Career Guidance : A Handbook for Policy Makers (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015210
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Slovak version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'orientation professionnelle ; Guide pratique pour les décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Czech version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Uddannelses- og erhvervsvejledning; En håndbog for beslutningstagere
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Berufsberatung; Ein Handbuch für politisch Verantwortliche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Greek version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación professional ; Guía para responsables políticos
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance; A Handbook for Policy Makers (Latvian version)
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Career guidance
    DDC: 331.702
    RVK:
    DL 3000
    Keywords: Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; Unterricht ; Berufsberatung ; OECD-Staaten ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Education ; Employment ; OECD ; Berufsberatung ; Bildungsberatung
    Abstract: This joint publication of the OECD and the European Commission gives policy makers practical tools to tackle weaknesses in many countries' career guidance systems including limited access, particularly for adults; failure to develop career management skills; inappropriate training; and poor service coordination. In simple, non-technical language, this publication addresses a broad range of policy issues that that are central to the effective delivery of career guidance services. These include: how to widen access to career guidance; ways of improving the quality of career information; ensuring that staff qualifications meet policy objectives; and improving strategic leadership.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015210-en
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  • 31
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Korea 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017382
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi; Korea (Korean version)
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: With one of the most rapidly ageing populations in the OECD area, over the longer term, Korea faces the possibility of labour force contraction and related economic problems. This book examines the situation of older workers in Korea and what reforms are needed to keep more of them in the work force. It is part of a series of reports looking at Ageing and Employment Policies in individual OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017382-en
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  • 32
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Czech Republic 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    QX 810
    RVK:
    DV 2830
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Czech Republic ; Tschechoslowakei ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of the Czech Republic's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners.  These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016620-en
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  • 33
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Japan 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106475
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    AR 30000
    RVK:
    QT 200
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of Japan's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners.  These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106475-en
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  • 34
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Norway 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    QX 810
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QG 440
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Norwegen ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of Norway's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners.  These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020467-en
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  • 35
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    Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading and Project-based Mechanisms (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.791505
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The papers in this book cover the experience of developing and transition countries with greenhouse gas emissions trading and project-based mechanisms and examine the use of tradeable permits in policy mixes and harmonisation of emissions trading schemes, as well as transition issues relating to greenhouse gas emissions trading markets. This book presents a selection of papers presented in Paris, France, in March 2003, at the OECD Global Forum on Sustainable Development: Emissions Trading. The Forum was co-sponsored by the Concerted Action on Tradeable Emissions Permits (CATEP).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105775-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Inhaltstext
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 36
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    Oil Crises and Climate Challenges: 30 Years of Energy Use in IEA Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018839
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.7913
    RVK:
    AR 28100
    RVK:
    AR 26300
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Electronic books ; Energieverbrauch ; Umweltschutz
    Abstract: This publication examines how energy efficiency and other factors such as economic structure, income, lifestyle, prices, and fuel mix have shaped developments of energy use and CO2 emissions in IEA countries since the IEA was founded 30 years ago. The study presents some challenging findings, e.g. that the rate of energy savings in IEA economies has slowed since 1990. It provides a rich set of data and insights that help to increase the understanding of how energy efficiency and lower-carbon fuels can be used to achieve a more sustainable future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018839-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 37
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    Nuclear Energy Today (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103306
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'énergie nucléaire aujourd'hui
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Kernenergie heute
    DDC: 621.48
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Meeting the growing demand for energy, and electricity in particular, while addressing the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions and to ensure security of energy supply, is one of the most difficult challenges facing the world’s economies. No single technology can respond to this challenge, and the solution which policy makers are seeking lies in the diversification of energy sources. Although nuclear energy currently provides over 20% of electricity in the OECD area and does not emit any carbon dioxide during production, it continues to be seen by many as a controversial technology. Public concern remains over its safety and the management of radioactive waste, and financing such a capital-intensive technology is a complex issue. The role that nuclear power will play in the future depends on the answers to these questions, several of which are provided in this up-to-date review of the status of nuclear energy, as well as on the outcome of research and development on the nuclear fuel cycle and reactor technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103306-en
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  • 38
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    Au-delà du discours : Politiques et pratiques de formation des adultes (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264299443
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Beyond Rhetoric; Adult Learning Policies and Practices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Beyond Rhetoric: Adult Learning Policies and Practices
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Bildungspolitik ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Berufliche Fortbildung ; Qualifikation ; Förderung
    Abstract: S'inspirant de l'expérience de neuf pays de l'OCDE -- le Canada, le Danemark, l'Espagne, la Finlande, la Norvège, le Portugal, le Royaume-Uni (Angleterre), la Suède et la Suisse --, cette publication a pour objet de repérer ce qui fonctionne en matière de formation pour adultes. Les caractéristiques souhaitables d'un système de formation pour adultes sont définies et les divers moyens de motiver les adultes à apprendre sont examinés, ainsi que les méthodes susceptibles de fournir les services adéquats. Cet ouvrage sera indispensable aux décideurs et à tous ceux qui s'emploient à former des adultes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264299443-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 39
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Spain 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Keywords: Alternde Bevölkerung ; Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Spanien ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of Spain's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105751-en
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  • 40
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    Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development : Programme and Policy Recommendations (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local ; Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Iniciativa empresarial y desarrollo económico local ; recomendaciones para la aplicación de programas y políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local : Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Iniciativa empresarial y desarrollo económico local : recomendaciones para la aplicación de programas y políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Few studies have systematically examined the relationship between the creation of new firms and local economic development -- yet it is a universal concern for central and local governments wishing to combat localised economic distress. This book examines the principal routes through which enterprise creation can have a positive impact on local economies. Recommendations cover three thematic areas: strategy, finance and programme design. The book is for investment agencies, entrepreneurs seeking to invest locally and economists in the corporate sector. "Overall, this is an excellent overview of the key issues concerning entrepreneurship and local economic development. While primarily aimed at the pragmatic policymakers, who will find it extremely valuable, it also has the rigor and breadth to interest researchers and students." Ronald McQuaidEmployment Research InstituteNapier University, Edinburgh, UKJOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, VOL. 44, NO. 3, 2004
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199798-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 41
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    South American Gas : Daring to tap the Bounty (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: South America is now one of the most attractive regions for investment in natural gas exploration and production, pipelines, LNG facilities and gas-fired power generation. The continent boasts abundant and growing natural gas reserves and several cross-border gas pipelines link gas-rich countries with large energy-hungry markets in neighbouring countries. This study reviews current trends in South America’s gas sector and identifies the challenges ahead for the region to take advantage of its gas resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195820-en
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  • 42
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    Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies : Suisse 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102583
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Pour faire face au vieilllissement rapide de la population, il est nécessaire de promouvoir de meilleures opportunités d'emploi pour les travailleurs âgés. On a déjà beaucoup fait état du besoin de réformer les régimes de pension de retraite et de préretraite. Pourtant, cela ne sera sans doute pas suffisant en soi pour relever significativement les taux d'emploi des plus âgés ni pour réduire le risque futur de pénurie de travailleurs. Les autorités publiques et les entreprises doivent sans tarder prendre des mesures pour adapter la fixation des salaires à une main-d'œuvre plus âgée, pour s'attaquer aux discriminations du fait de l'âge et pour améliorer les qualifications et les conditions de travail des travailleurs âgés. Un changement d'attitude s'impose aussi de la part des travailleurs âgés quant au travail à un âge plus tardif et à l'acquisition de nouvelles compétences. On sait relativement peu de choses sur ce que les différents pays de l'OCDE sont en train de faire ou devraient faire dans ces domaines. Afin d'y remédier, l'OCDE a lancé une série de rapports dans une vingtaine de pays. Le rapport sur la Suisse est le troisième de cette série. Chaque rapport national fait le tour des principales barrières qui existent concernant l'emploi des travailleurs âgés, évalue la pertinence et l'efficacité des mesures existantes pour contrer ces barrières et présente une série de recommandations sur les politiques que les autorités publiques et les partenaires sociaux devraient mener.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264102583-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 43
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Sweden 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199972
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 331.39809485
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: With rapidly aging populations, old-age pension reform and early-retirement schemes alone may not suffice to provide adequate employment opportunities. Additional measures will clearly be needed on wage scales, job discrimination, skills acquisition, and working conditions. Attitudes will also have to change about working later in life. Little is known, however, about what countries have been or should be doing on those issues. This report on Sweden begins a series of around 20 OECD country reports intended to fill the gap. Each contains a survey of the main employment barriers confronting older people, an assessment of existing remedial measures, and policy recommendations for further action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199972-en
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  • 44
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    Creating Markets for Energy Technologies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099647
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 381/.456213121
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Expanding markets for clean and efficient technologies will increase energy security and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But many promising technologies are still too expensive or face other obstacles to commercial deployment. Governments need to consider deployment policies to create markets for the new technologies. This book explores the design of technology deployment programmes and the reasons behind their success, and features 22 case studies from IEA countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099647-en
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  • 45
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    Power Generation Investment in Electricity Markets (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report looks at how investors have responded to the need to internalise investment risk in power generation and how these responses have affected the organisation of the power sector and technology choices. This study looks at several cases of volatile prices in IEA countries’ electricity markets, and finds that while market prices can be a sufficient incentive for new investment in peak capacity, government intervention into the market to limit prices may undermine such investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105577-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 46
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    Combating Child Labour : A Review of Policies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102958
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre le travail des enfants ; un bilan des politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre le travail des enfants : un bilan des politiques
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Kinderarbeit
    Abstract: Despite progressive ratification of international conventions on that issue, 23% of the world’s children aged 10-14 are at work. This important book seeks to answer fundamental questions about the phenomenon’s economic causes, the working conditions children endure, and implications of their labour for the economic outlook of the countries concerned. It moreover examines the effectiveness of various policies implemented to combat child labour and the beneficial effects such policies can have on economic development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264102958-en
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  • 47
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    Asociaciones locales para una mejor gobernabilidad (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264489462
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Local Partnerships for Better Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des partenariats locaux pour une meilleure gouvernance
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264489462-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 48
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Austria 2002 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194359
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Austria
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of Austria's energy policies and programmes. This review finds that in the four years since the last in-depth Review, the two most important developments in the Austrian energy sector have been market reform in the electricity and natural gas sectors, and the efforts made toward meeting the country’s emissions reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol. Austria's security of supply is enhanced by extensive cross-border trading and recent efforts to diversify natural gas import supply sources. A regulatory framework now allows all customers to choose their natural gas and electricity suppliers. Austria has established an independent regulator and non-discriminatory third-party access rules. While reform of the gas sector is too recent to draw any meaningful conclusions, power sector reform has achieved mixed results. Industrial rates have fallen by up to 40% but residential rates have fallen little, if at all. Effective competition still faces obstacles including high system access charges and dominant incumbent suppliers who could wield market power and deter new entrants. Austria’s commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 13% remains a major challenge. Total greenhouse gas emissions increased nearly 2.5% from 1990 to 2000 with CO2 emissions rising 9% over the same period. The finalisation of a comprehensive climate change strategy in 2002 is an important step forward. Austria’s planned use of Kyoto flexible mechanisms could cut the costs of its climate change efforts, although the macroeconomic effect of all emission reduction measures requires constant monitoring. The support scheme for renewable energy and combined production of heat and power could be rendered more cost-effective, if a degression scheme were employed to lower support levels gradually.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194359-en
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  • 49
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    Managing Decentralisation : A New Role for Labour Market Policy (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104716
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Decentralising labour market policy is a delicate and challenging subject of political debate. Does decentralisation really enable co-ordination of policies? At the local level, how do we make the best use of decentralised powers? How can greater flexibility be provided in managing policies while still guaranteeing efficiency and accountability? To enhance responsiveness to citizens’ needs, governments increasingly decentralise the way policies are designed and implemented. In the labour market policy area, many stakeholders, from business and local government to community groups and NGOs have been receptive. The OECD invited leading experts and experienced policy makers and practitioners to address these questions and share their experiences in dealing with such issues. This report, supported by statistical data, summarises the lessons learnt from their experiences. It is for researchers, leading experts, business communities, economists in government circles and NGOs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104716-en
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  • 50
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Switzerland 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014794
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2003 review of Switzerland's energy policies and programmes. This review finds that the SwissEnergy Programme constitutes the core of Swiss energy policy for the 2001 to 2010 period, with targets for saving fuel and electricity, use of renewables and climate change mitigation. Switzerland is to be commended for rigorously monitoring its policies and measures, but particular emphasis should be placed on ensuring their cost-effectiveness. Environmental issues are a central focus of Swiss energy policy but more effort is needed to meet the Kyoto target or the more stringent 10 percent national target for carbon dioxide reductions. To avoid excessive costs, programmes for emissions trading and other flexible mechanisms could usefully supplement new domestic measures such as voluntary commitments and the proposed CO2 “incentive” tax. Reform of the electricity and gas sectors is becoming urgent but presents a challenge due to the rejection of the Electricity Market Law in a public referendum held in September 2002. The report discusses possible approaches to increase efficiency in the electricity and gas sectors while respecting the referendum results.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014794-en
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  • 51
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    Transformer le handicap en capacité : Promouvoir le travail et la sécurité des revenus des personnes handicapées (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264258242
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transforming Disability into Ability; Policies to Promote Work and Income Security for Disabled People
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transforming Disability into Ability: Policies to Promote Work and Income Security for Disabled People
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Behindertenpolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage présente une analyse d'un large éventail de programmes du marché du travail et de protection sociale destinés aux personnes handicapées. En explorant la relation entre les politiques et leurs résultats pour vingt pays de l'OCDE, il permet au lecteur de mieux appréhender d’une part les problèmes que pose la politique de l'invalidité et d’autre part les éléments ou combinaisons d'éléments qui font qu’une politique est efficace. Enfin, le rapport conclut qu'une approche nouvelle et prometteuse de la politique de l'invalidité consisterait à s’inspirer davantage de la logique appliquée pour les régimes de chômage, c'est-à-dire : - mettre l'accent sur l'activation ; - promouvoir une intervention précoce individualisée ; - éliminer les contre-incitations au travail ; - instaurer une culture d'obligations mutuelles ; et impliquer les employeurs. Le rapport constate d'ailleurs que les politiques de nombreux pays comportent déjà certains des éléments importants de cette nouvelle approche.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264258242-fr
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  • 52
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    Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies : Belgique 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100664
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium
    Abstract: Pour faire face au vieilllissement rapide de la population, il est nécessaire de promouvoir de meilleures opportunités d'emploi pour les travailleurs âgés. On a déjà beaucoup fait état du besoin de réformer les régimes de pension de retraite et de préretraite. Pourtant, cela ne sera sans doute pas suffisant en soi pour relever significativement les taux d'emploi des plus âgés ni pour réduire le risque futur de pénurie de travailleurs. Les autorités publiques et les entreprises doivent sans tarder prendre des mesures pour adapter la fixation des salaires à une main-d’œuvre plus âgée, pour s'attaquer aux discriminations du fait de l'âge et pour améliorer les qualifications et les conditions de travail des travailleurs âgés. Un changement d’attitude s’impose aussi de la part des travailleurs âgés quant au travail à un âge plus tardif et à l’acquisition de nouvelles compétences. On sait relativement peu de choses sur ce que les différents pays de l'OCDE sont en train de faire ou devraient faire dans ces domaines. Afin d’y remédier, l’OCDE a lancé une série de rapports sur une vingtaine de pays, dont la Belgique. Chaque rapport national fait le tour des principales barrières qui existent concernant l'emploi des travailleurs âgés, évalue la pertinence et l'efficacité des mesures existantes pour contrer ces barrières et présente une série de recommandations sur les politiques que les autorités publiques et les partenaires sociaux devraient mener.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100664-fr
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  • 53
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    Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 2) : Autriche, Irlande et Japon (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104211
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 2); Austria, Ireland and Japan
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 2): Austria, Ireland and Japan
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria ; Ireland ; Japan ; Berufstätigkeit ; Kind ; Erziehung ; Familienleben ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Élever ses enfants et avoir une carrière professionnelle sont deux objectifs très importants dans la vie de la plupart des gens. Il est donc fondamental pour nos sociétés d’aider les parents à réaliser ces deux objectifs. En effet, l’attention des parents joue un rôle déterminant dans le développement des enfants et l’emploi des parents contribue à la prospérité économique d’un pays. Le déclin du nombre des enfants aura bien évidemment aussi des conséquences sur la constitution et la forme de nos sociétés futures. Ce volume présente un certain nombre de réformes politiques notamment des systèmes de fiscalité/prestations, les politiques de gestion des systèmes de garde des enfants, ainsi que les politiques de l’emploi et les pratiques des entreprises au regard de l’emploi parental qui pourraient être mises en place pour réconcilier travail et famille en Autriche, en Irlande et au Japon.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104211-fr
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014756
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2003 review of Japan's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Japan has ratified the Kyoto protocol and is implementing its 2002 climate change plan. The country has developed an impressive range of policies to address rising CO2 emissions from the energy sector. Some of the measures could be strengthened however, and made more cost-effective. Industry’s use of Kyoto flexible mechanisms could also reduce costs. Nuclear power plays a key role in Japanese energy policy, but the government’s objective of increasing nuclear generation has been impeded by safety-related incidents in recent years. It is vital to restore public confidence, to clarify the role of nuclear power in the liberalised electricity market and to improve the performance of the existing nuclear units. Japan has begun to reform its electricity and natural gas markets, but little competition has developed. The report finds helpful new government measures to further reform markets, but points out that the markets should be closely monitored. More effective measures may be necessary if competition does not develop.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014756-en
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  • 55
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2002 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194342
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Germany
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of Germany's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Germany is pursuing several ambitious objectives in its energy policy, notably cutting greenhouse gas emissions and fully liberalising the electricity and gas markets, while phasing out nuclear power.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194342-en
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    Cool Appliances : Policy Strategies for Energy-Efficient Homes (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100527
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Efficiency Policy Profiles
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: In IEA member countries, electrical appliances are the fastest growing energy users, after automobiles. Cost-effective technology exists that could improve the energy efficiency of appliances by more than one-third in ten years. The greenhouse gases emitted as a result of the use of appliances alone could be slashed by the equivalent of 322 million tonnes of CO2 per year by 2010. This book assesses the potential energy savings and carbon reductions to be achieved through technical improvements to appliances.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100527-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Hungary 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014718
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Hungary
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2003 review of Hungary's energy policies and programmes. It finds that Hungary has made remarkable progress in liberalising its energy markets, as part of the government's aim to strike a balance between energy security, economic efficiency and environmental protection. A new Electric Power Act was passed in December 2001, partially opening the electricity market to competition by 2003 and to full competition by the time Hungary accedes to the European Union in 2004. A new law on gas will be approved in 2003 introducing competition in the gas market. Hungary still faces a number of challenges however. In the electricity sector, it needs to ensure that MVM, the largest utility, does not cause distortions through its market power. Security of gas supply is vital for Hungary. Opening the Hungarian upstream market to increase indigenous gas production and to facilitate competition is a positive step. But domestic production is not sufficient. Limited gas-to-gas competition, uncertainty as to future gas demand and the oligopolistic structure of gas distribution companies may constrain the development of competition. Finally, policies which cap energy prices to address social welfare concerns discourage energy saving, distort fuel choices and discourage investment by energy firms. As part of the IEA’s periodic review process of its Member countries, this report analyses Hungary’s energy sector and policies, and provides proposals and recommendations for the Hungarian government.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014718-en
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    Combattre le travail des enfants : un bilan des politiques (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102965
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combating Child Labour; A Review of Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combating Child Labour: A Review of Policies
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Kinderarbeit ; Bekämpfung ; Internationale Organisation
    Abstract: La persistance du travail des enfants suscite un émoi considérable dans l’opinion publique. Malgré l’accroissement du nombre de ratifications de conventions internationales sur l’abolition du travail des enfants, 23 % des enfants âgés de 10 à 14 ans dans le monde continuent à travailler. Mais pourquoi les enfants doivent-ils encore travailler ? Et dans quelles conditions ? Quelles sont les implications du travail des enfants sur le développement à venir des pays concernés ? Quelles sont les meilleures politiques pour combattre le travail des enfants et comment peuvent-elles favoriser le développement économique ? Cet ouvrage essaye de répondre à ces questions. Après avoir mis en évidence la réalité du travail des enfants dans le monde, cette étude analyse les causes économiques de ce problème et l’efficacité des différents dispositifs et mesures mis en œuvre pour le combattre.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264102965-fr
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    L' entreprenariat et le développement économique local : Quels programmes et quelles politiques ? (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264299795
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Series Statement: Développement économique et création d'emplois locaux (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Iniciativa empresarial y desarrollo económico local ; recomendaciones para la aplicación de programas y políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Iniciativa empresarial y desarrollo económico local : recomendaciones para la aplicación de programas y políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Regionalentwicklung ; Unternehmensgründung ; Förderung ; Mittelstandsförderung
    Abstract: Rares sont les études qui ont analysé de façon systématique la corrélation entre la création d’entreprises et le développement économique local – cependant ceci est un souci universel pour les administrations locales et centrales. Ce rapport examine les principaux mécanismes par lesquels la création et le développement d'entreprises peuvent avoir des retombées sur l’économie locale. Il présente des recommandations détaillées à l’intention des pouvoirs publics portant sur trois grands domaines : stratégie, finance et conception des programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264299795-fr
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Italy 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Italy
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2003 review of Italy's energy policies and programmes. This review finds that Italy has made substantial progress in implementing electricity and gas market reforms. The gas market is now fully opened to competition and the electricity market is proceeding towards full opening. The government has reduced its shareholding in ENEL and Eni. New market institutions, notably an energy sector regulator, are now operational. Italy ratified the Kyoto Protocol in June 2002 and launched a national strategy to mitigate climate change in December 2002. But Italy also faces some challenges. High reliance on imported oil and gas raises concerns about security of supply. Energy diversification is restricted since there are few options available apart from natural gas, given the limitations of renewable energy as a source of supply. Timely investments in energy production, transportation and interconnection are crucial for security of supply, but they often meet strong local resistance under the devolution of powers to local authorities. In spite of the progress made, continuous monitoring is needed to further develop competition in the gas and electricity markets and enable energy price reductions. While Italy enjoys relatively low energy and carbon intensities of its economy, these advantages may be eroded over time. More is required to mitigate climate change emissions. As part of the IEA’s periodic review process of its Member countries, this report analyses Italy’s energy sector and policies, and provides proposals and recommendations for the Italian government.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014770-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Ireland 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014732
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Ireland
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2003 review of Ireland's energy policies and programmes. It finds that in the four years since the last in-depth Review, the Irish energy sector has seen a number of important developments, notably reform of the electricity and natural gas markets, and the move towards cutting greenhouse gas emissions. Market reform promises multiple economic benefits, although the government must ensure that the incumbent players do not enjoy undue advantages and that enough new competitors enter the market. Ireland’s climate change policy is making progress. One uncertainty, however, involves the closure of the coal-fired Moneypoint plant. While this could provide 22% of the country’s required emissions cuts, replacement generation capacity would be required. This could also make the country 80% dependent on natural gas for its electricity, leading to energy security concerns. Ireland should take steps to better integrate Kyoto mechanisms into its overall climate change strategy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014732-en
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    Transforming Disability into Ability : Policies to Promote Work and Income Security for Disabled People (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264158245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transformer le handicap en capacité ; Promouvoir le travail et la sécurité des revenus des personnes handicapées
    DDC: 362.40484
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book examines a wide array of labour market and social protection programmes aimed at people with disabilities and analyses the relationship between policies and outcomes across twenty OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264158245-en
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    Labour Market and Social Policies in the Baltic Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 331.12/042/09479
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Estonia ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Electronic books ; Baltikum ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Sozialpolitik ; OECD
    Abstract: This review analyses the key issues facing each of the Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - given its specific economic and social trends. It provides detailed information and policy recommendations in five topical areas: labour law; "active" and "passive" labour market policies; pension reform; long-term care of the elderly; and social assistance benefits as a last resort. This publication is part of the OECD’s ongoing co-operation with non-member economies around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100077-en
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    Beyond Rhetoric : Adult Learning Policies and Practices (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199446
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Au-delà du discours ; Politiques et pratiques de formation des adultes
    DDC: 379.1215
    RVK:
    DW 1000
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Electronic books ; Erwachsenenbildung
    Abstract: This publication aims to identify what works in the policy and practice of adult learning, drawing on the experience of nine OECD countries: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (England). It defines the features of a desirable system of adult learning, including ways to motivate adults to learn and methods to deliver appropriate services. This book will be indispensable to policy makers and those involved in the practice of adult learning.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199446-en
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    Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 2) : Austria, Ireland and Japan (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104204
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 2) ; Autriche, Irlande et Japon
    DDC: 331.25
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria ; Ireland ; Japan ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Raising children and having a career both rate highly as important life goals for many people. Helping parents to achieve these goals is vital for society: parental care plays a crucial role in child development and parental employment promotes economic prosperity. A failure to assist parents find their preferred work and family balance has implications for both labour supply and family decisions. This study considers how a wide range of policies, including tax/benefit policies, childcare policies, and employment and workplace practices, help determine parental labour market outcomes and family formation in Austria, Ireland and Japan.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104204-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United States 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264191976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; United States
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of US energy policies and programmes. It finds that US energy policy has an influence on energy policy throughout the world. The 2001 National Energy Policy is an important development. The US is taking unilateral action as an alternative to the Kyoto Protocol. This report urges consideration of legislation on carbon dioxide and adoption of policies allowing international trading in emissions. Strengthening fuel economy standards is an encouraging approach to energy use in transport. Different standards for cars and light trucks should be addressed as a priority. Policies to promote new sources of energy supply should be balanced by continuing effort to enhance efficient use of energy. Regional Transmission Operators are a sensible means of ensuring access to transmission and the functioning of a competitive wholesale market. The power crisis in California has slowed progress on market reform; confidence should be restored to reactivate reform and to create certainty for new investment. Harmonised electricity industry standards and regulations could help promote competition and encourage investment. Barriers to exploration for oil and gas need to be addressed. Drilling in new onshore and offshore areas, meeting acceptable environmental standards, is necessary or imports must rise. Refineries are operating at full capacity; pressure could be eased by reducing the range of products they are required to produce to meet regional standards. Coal use will remain important and could be environmentally sustainable with advanced clean coal technology. Re-licensing of existing nuclear plants, consistent with safety standards, could ensure nuclear power plays a continuing role, even if new plants remain uneconomic. The decision on the Yucca Mountain repository will be important for the future of nuclear power worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264191976-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Czech Republic 2001 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194908
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2001 review of the Czech Republic's energy policies and programmes. The Czech Republic became the twenty-fifth member of the IEA in February 2001. In its transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, the Czech Republic has thoroughly reformed its energy policies and regulatory framework and restructured its energy sector. The country established a new energy regulator in 2001 and adopted a schedule for opening its electricity and gas markets to competition. The effective introduction of competition, however, will depend on regulatory details still to be defined and the privatisation of the state energy companies that still dominate the internal market. The Czech Republic has only limited energy resources. Coal is still the leading fuel for power generation but its role is declining. This trend will accelerate with the commissioning of a second nuclear power plant, at Temelín. Oil and gas imports have been diversified and the Czech electricity grid has been connected to Western Europe. Emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants in the Czech Republic have been reduced, but remain higher than average for IEA Europe. There is also room for improvement in energy efficiency, which would contribute to the country's environmental goals as well as enhance its economic competitiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194908-en
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    Beyond Kyoto : Energy Dynamics and Climate Stabilisation (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264171022
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 363.738/74
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Klimaänderung ; Kohlendioxid ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: Mitigating climate change will require profound changes in world energy production and use. While the full effects of climate change are not likely to be felt for decades, the need for action is more immediate, for changes in greenhouse gas concentrations are almost irreversible. Solutions exist in the form of energy efficiency improvements, fuel switching to non-carbon sources, and carbon recovery and storage. But the long-term costs of mitigation and the precise extent and pace of climate damage remain uncertain. So policy-makers face the task of conceiving and implementing measures in a context of uncertainty – and global inequity -, and run the risk of taking either excessive or insufficient action. This volume details the options available in the energy sector to reduce climate change. It explores the type of international agreement that could cope with the uncertainty inherent in implementing a climate program at the national and international level. It identifies mechanisms to deal with both international equity and economic uncertainty, and addresses the fundamental question: how can we proceed beyond Kyoto?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264171022-en
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    Russia Energy Survey 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This survey, the first since 1995, describes the energy-security issues affecting Russian oil, gas, coal and nuclear power after decades of inadequate investment and maintenance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193413-en
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    Redefining Territories : The Functional Regions (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196179
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La recomposition des territoires ; Les régions fonctionnelles
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Regionalwirtschaft ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: This publication reports on current definitions and uses of functional regions in the OECD countries. It sets forth the reasons that prompt countries to formulate such entities, takes stock of responsibilities and prerogatives existing at these echelons, and tallies their financial resources.The publication is an assessment of the relevance of using these regions as analytical territorial entities in the OECD countries, and as a framework for the application of certain territorial policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196179-en
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    Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 1) : Australia, Denmark and the Netherlands (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264161139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 1) ; Australie, Danemark et Pays-Bas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 1) : Australie, Danemark et Pays-Bas
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Denmark ; Netherlands ; Berufstätigkeit ; Kind ; Erziehung ; Familienleben ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Reconciling work and family life involves two key goals for both individuals and society: being able to work, to earn an income while participating in the most important social activity of modern life, and providing the best care and nurturing for one’s own children. This first OECD review of the reconciliation of work and family life looks at the challenges parents of young children confront when trying to square their work and care commitments, and the implications for social and labour market trends. It considers the current mix of family-friendly policies in Australia, Denmark, and the Netherlands and explores how this policy balance contributes to different labour market and other societal outcomes in these three countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264161139-en
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    Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 1) : Australie, Danemark et Pays-Bas (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264261136
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (251 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 1); Australia, Denmark and the Netherlands
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 1): Australia, Denmark and the Netherlands
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Denmark ; Netherlands ; Berufstätigkeit ; Kind ; Erziehung ; Familienleben ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Concilier travail et vie de famille est une ambition qui se décline, tant pour les individus que pour la société, en deux objectifs principaux : permettre à chacun de travailler afin de percevoir un revenu en participant à l’activité sociale la plus importante de la vie moderne, et de s’occuper le mieux possible de l’éducation de ses propres enfants. La première étude de l’OCDE consacrée à la façon de concilier travail et vie de famille analyse les défis que les parents de jeunes enfants doivent relever lorsqu’ils tentent de concilier leur occupation professionnelle et leurs obligations familiales, ainsi que les conséquences qui en découlent sur le plan social et sur le plan des évolutions observées sur le marché du travail. Elle examine la palette des politiques menées actuellement en faveur de la famille en Australie, au Danemark et aux Pays-Bas et analyse comment les diverses mesures mises en place dans ces trois pays influent sur les tendances du marché du travail, ainsi que sur d’autres données sociétales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264261136-fr
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    Security of Supply in Electricity Markets : Evidence and Policy Issues (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Market Reform
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This book analyses the impact of electricity market reform on investment in the power industry. It considers the implications of more open and competitive markets for the security of electricity supply. Some of electricity’s uses are essential components of modern life. Security of electricity supply is an important policy objective in virtually all modern economies because of the limited possibilities for replacing electricity by other forms of energy. Adequate investment is the basic prerequisite for a secure supply of electricity. Despite the highly-publicized problems experienced in California, the international picture is reassuring. Large investment has taken place and OECD electricity markets are generally reliable. There are, however, major investment needs in some areas, particularly in the development of infrastructures for transmission, which remains for the most part a regulated activity. Through policies and regulations, governments continue to play a key role in determining investment and security standards in a liberalised market. Energy policies on fuel use, authorisation processes, regulatory risk, capacity mechanisms and price caps, among other instruments, play a large role in promoting adequate investment or hindering it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174504-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Republic of Korea 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194311
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2002 comprehensive review of Korea's energy policies and programmes. This report comes at a time when Korea has become the 26th Member of the IEA and when the country’s energy policies are being substantially reformed, to mobilise investments and increase efficiency. The report brings information on all energy sectors (oil, gas, coal, nuclear, electricity, renewables) showing what role different energy sources could play in the context of a heavily dependency on external sources of energy. The report analyses the effect of efficiency measures to reduce the energy intensity of the Korean economy, still one of the highest of the IEA countries. A special attention is paid to the assessment of the energy policy reforms currently unfolding in Korea, in particular in the electricity and in the gas sectors. The report analyses in details the electricity reforms, the gradual emergence of an electricity market in Korea and their implications. KEPCO has now been restructured and its partial privatisation is a matter of time. The report shows how the government’s ambitious plans still require a number of measures for the market to achieve a satisfactory outcome, the role of nuclear remaining a source of uncertainty for future competition in the generation industry. Though less advanced, the reforms in the gas sector are progressing well. The report shows the main challenges which the government will need to resolve for the market to deliver its promises.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194311-en
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    La recomposition des territoires : Les régions fonctionnelles (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264296176
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Redefining Territories; The Functional Regions
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Redefining Territories: The Functional Regions
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Regionalpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: Dans toutes les études et évaluations du développement territorial menées aux niveaux infra-nationaux, le choix de l’unité territoriale est de première importance. La disponibilité de l’information conduit les organismes internationaux, les chercheurs ainsi que les responsables politiques à prendre le plus souvent en compte, dans leurs travaux, les découpages administratifs des pays. Pourtant, malgré leur existence officielle et leur stabilité, ces découpages présentent certaines limites et imperfections pour la comparabilité internationale. A la demande du Comité des Politiques de Développement Territorial de l’OCDE, le Service du Développement Territorial a entrepris un travail expérimental sur les régions fonctionnelles. Ces régions correspondent à des bassins d’emploi et semblent ouvrir des perspectives nouvelles pour les analyses territoriales internationales. Délimitées selon un principe similaire, celui des conditions de navettage, ces régions présentent une relative adéquation entre la demande et l’offre de main d'oeuvre et peuvent, de ce fait, être assimilées à des espaces de la vie quotidienne. Cette publication fait le point des définitions et des usages des régions fonctionnelles dans les pays de l’OCDE. Elle explicite les raisons qui poussent les pays à mettre en place ce genre d’entités, elle recense les responsabilités et les prérogatives de ces échelons, elle comptabilise enfin leurs ressources financières. Cette publication est une évaluation de la pertinence d’utiliser ces régions comme unités territoriales d’analyse dans les pays de l’OCDE et comme cadre d’intervention de certaines politiques territoriales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264296176-fr
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Norway 2001 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195981
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Norway
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2001 review of the energy policies and programmes of Norway. It finds that oil and gas contribute about 40% of Norway’s exports, and up to 16% of GDP, depending on world oil prices. The government used production controls as a means of influencing prices in 1986, in 1998 and again in 2002. Important changes are occurring in the oil and gas sector. Statoil has been partially privatised, the State Direct Financial Interest in oil and gas developments has been restructured, and the Gas Negotiations Committee is to be abolished. Private marketing of gas should be a guiding principle in future marketing policy, and depletion policy generally should balance the goals of optimising recovery with ensuring competition. Growth in energy consumption has been limited by government policies, but consumption is rising with strong economic growth. A new agency has been established to promote energy efficiency and new renewables. Norway has the highest per capita electricity consumption in the world. New large-scale hydro is unlikely, and the future of gas-fired power is uncertain. New generating and transmission capacity may be necessary to avoid price instability or even failure of supply in a dry year. There are limited opportunities for reducing greenhouse gases in the energy sector in Norway because of the extensive use of hydro in electricity generation. The Kyoto flexible mechanisms are therefore particularly important. Decisions on developing new generating capacity will also be influenced by environmental policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195981-en
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  • 77
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Greece 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194328
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Greece
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's periodic review of Greece's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Greece produces little energy, almost all of it from lignite, which is the main source for electricity generation but which creates environmental problems. Energy consumption is growing rapidly making Greece increasingly dependent on imported energy, and electricity supply is expected to be tight over the next three or four years. A well-designed market reform is essential in both the electricity and gas sectors to attract private investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194328-en
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  • 78
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    Comercio internacional y estándares laborales básicos (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264064850
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Trade and Core Labour Standards
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les échanges internationaux et les normes fondamentales du travail
    Keywords: Employment ; Trade
    Abstract: What are the major developments with respect to trade and labour standards since the OECD’s 1996 study on Trade, Employment and Labour Standards? What is being done to promote these standards? What evidence is there of progress? What are the possible links between core labour standards, trade, foreign direct investment, economic development and employment? International Trade and Core Labour Standards addresses these and related questions. It also provides a current overview of key issues with respect to core labour standards and their relation to trade and employment, aiming to provide a common basis for constructive policy dialogue among the concerned parties in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264064850-es
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  • 79
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United Kingdom 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194335
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of the UK's energy policies and programmes. It finds that the UK energy sector has performed remarkably well during the 1990s. The gas and electricity markets opened up to competition. Real gas and electricity prices fell. Domestic natural gas replaced coal in the power industry, and carbon dioxide emissions and air pollution declined as a result. Increased oil and gas production on the UK continental shelf has contributed significantly to these developments. Central to the success of the energy sector however, was a readiness to adjust policies and regulatory measures when shortcomings became apparent. The last major adjustment was the introduction of the New Electricity Trading Rules in March 2001. These rules provided the decisive step towards a fully competitive power market. Thanks to energy market reform and the resulting "dash for gas" in power generation, the UK is likely to meet its 12.5% greenhouse gas reduction target under the Kyoto Protocol. But the country has a national target to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20% below 1990 levels by 2010. Meeting this target will require extra efforts. In the gas market, capacity auctions at the St. Fergus entry point into the UK’s onshore pipeline system have fetched very high bid prices in recent years. This has revealed bottlenecks at the St. Fergus terminal and farther afield. But so far the high prices have not resulted in capacity expansion. The regulatory regime may have to be adjusted to give stronger incentives for new pipeline construction.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194335-en
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  • 80
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Turkey 2001 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195790
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Turkey
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of Turkey's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Turkey aspires to link the oil- and gas-rich Caspian area to Western markets. Several pipelines through Turkey are nearing completion. The projects could enhance diversity and security of supply in consuming countries. They could also relieve the environmental strain of heavy ship traffic through the Bosporus. Numerous attempts have been made to open Turkey’s energy markets to competition and to ensure that energy supply grows in step with population and demand. Turkey has made early and extensive use of build-own-operate and build-own-transfer schemes to promote investment in power-plant capacity. In the last two years, decisive progress has been made. The concept of privatisation was introduced into the Turkish constitution. Legislation was adopted in February 2001 to allow competition in the electricity market and to adapt Turkey’s legislation for European Union membership. A new Gas Market Law was adopted in May 2001, despite the macro-economic turmoil that Turkey has experienced since late 2000. These reforms must now be implemented. Turkey’s carbon emissions are growing rapidly. They will grow even faster if coal use quadrupled by 2020, as the government expects. Air pollution is also a significant problem. Turkey has not signed the United Nations’ Climate Convention. But the government aims to comply with the general provisions of the Convention and to exploit the country’s energy efficiency potential. These efforts should be reinforced.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195790-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Denmark 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033894
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Denmark
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of Denmark's energy policies and programmes. It finds that over the past four years, Danish energy policy has made good progress towards meeting its high standards of environmental protection while opening its gas and power industries to competition. The concurrent pursuit of economic efficiency, energy policy and environmental protection is an issue of prime importance in Denmark. The country has adopted both international and national greenhouse-gas emissions targets. A host of measures is in place to reach these targets, and to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. The targets are within reach. But actually attaining them requires the continued application of a system of power plant carbon dioxide quotas. The Danish power market has been opened to competition beyond the requirements of the EU directive, but the scope for effective competition continues to be limited by priority dispatch for wind energy and combined heat and power plants. The gas market has been opened, but much less fully. The gas industry’s debt problem was addressed through industry restructuring, but this has led to a dominant position for the state-owned gas pipeline company DONG. The report recommends that foreign suppliers be encouraged to enter the market, in order to stimulate competition in electricity and gas markets. This report discusses the energy policies of Denmark based on a review visit in October 2001, before the recent general elections.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033894-en
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  • 82
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    Coal in the Energy Supply of India (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264175945
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.27240954
    Keywords: Energy ; India ; Statistik 1975-2000 ; Indien ; Kohlenbergbau ; Lagerstätte ; Bergwerk ; Energiewirtschaft ; Rohstoffversorgung ; Indien ; Steinkohle ; Braunkohle ; Vorrat ; Produktion ; Indien ; Energieträger ; Kohle ; Transport ; Rohstoffpreis ; Rohstoffmarkt
    Abstract: Indian coal reserves are the third largest in the world, after the United States and China. India is the third largest coal producer in the world and the eighth largest importer. With annual production of 310 million tonnes and imports of almost 25 million tonnes, coal provides one-third of energy supply in India. The Indian government forecasts huge increases in electricity capacity based on coal. Massive increases in coal supply would be required if these plans are realised, although it is not clear if they are feasible. The principal objective of Indian coal policy should be to improve the financial performance of the industry by creating a freely competitive coal industry. A financially viable electricity industry will be necessary to support reforms in the coal industry. This report describes the Indian coal sector, and comments on government policies and the performance of India’s largely state-owned coal companies. There is a substantial need for reforms in India’s coal sector to improve efficiency and competitiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264175945-en
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  • 83
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    Labour Market Policies and the Public Employment Service (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189836
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques du marché du travail et service public de l'emploi
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QV 200
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Electronic books ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: Proponents of an active labour market policy are now claiming part of the credit for large falls in structural unemployment rates that have occurred in some OECD countries. Advances in information technology which facilitate matching job-seekers to jobs, modern management methods, and a favourable economic climate in recent years have encouraged innovative approaches and created new opportunities for the Public Employment Service to help the unemployed return to work. This book presents the proceedings of a conference on Labour Market Policies and the Public Employment Service organised jointly by the OECD and the Czech Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Among the themes addressed are: front-line employment service operations, one-stop offices and decentralised management; customer service and employer service; the advanced use of information technology; eligibility conditions for unemployment benefits; job guarantees for the long-term unemployed and other strategies of intervention in the unemployment spell; and improving the accountability of the Public Employment Service through external audits, the use of performance indicators, appropriate financing mechanisms, and contestability in the provision of services. The papers reflect the views of key actors -- politicians, senior officials from national labour ministries and employment services, front-line managers, and prominent academic experts -- on these important issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189836-en
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  • 84
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    Putting the Young in Business : Policy Challenges for Youth Entrepreneurship (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Encourager les jeunes à entreprendre ; Les défis politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Insertar a los Jóvenes en los Negocios ; Retos de Política para las Habilidades Emprendedoras de la Juventud
    DDC: 331.340973
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book sets out a potential response to two major challenges facing OECD countries: the "youth problem", or the need to ensure that young people can play a full role in society, and the need to foster entrepreneurship for job creation, innovation and economic adaptability. The "new economy" will be built on a culture of entrepreneurship and this must include youth as well as adults. In publishing this book, the OECD therefore wishes to stimulate policy debate on the factors that encourage youth entrepreneurship, the obstacles that stand in its way and the policy measures that can support it. A picture is painted of youth entrepreneurship programmes operating at national, regional and local levels across the OECD in a wide variety of settings and with various different approaches and delivery mechanisms. The result is the first international review of "best practices" in this new and emerging area. Examples are given of programmes for education and training, help with capital, ideas and operational matters, counselling and mentoring, networking and intergenerational transfers of businesses. The range of players and activities involved are set out and suggestions are made for where gaps might be filled. The main message is that young people can indeed found new businesses and succeed, but new policies will be needed if they are to be fully encouraged.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188648-en
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  • 85
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Australia 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193246
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Australia
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2001 review of Australia's energy policies and programmes. It finds that Australia is rich in low-cost energy resources, especially coal. The country exports large amounts of coal, liquefied natural gas and uranium to the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. This contributes to international availability and security of energy supply. Efforts are under way to increase LNG exports and to make Australian coal even more competitive. For most of the past decade, Australia has been at the forefront of energy market liberalisation. Following liberalisation by individual states in the early 1990s, the competitive National Electricity Market was established in 1998. The NEM integrates markets across the eastern and south-eastern states. The benefits have been considerable: strong competition, significant price reductions and consumer choice. Gas market reform has been under way since 1997 and is beginning to yield the first benefits. More work is needed to complete the reform process. In the power market, this includes open access for all consumers and providing efficient price signals for interconnection. The Australian government spends almost A$ 1 billion on climate change mitigation programmes. Many of these programmes are market-oriented, including a mandatory certificates trading system.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193246-en
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    Economics and Finance of Lifelong Learning (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195868
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'apprentissage tout au long de la vie ; aspects économiques et financiers
    RVK:
    QX 800
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Humankapital ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsfinanzierung
    Abstract: Learning is an essential basis for progress in the 'knowledge society'; it is critical for economic growth and social welfare. OECD Member countries have committed themselves to making lifelong learning a reality for all. But the resources required to meet that goal are potentially large and countries differ in their capacity to generate them. Can OECD Member countries rise to this challenge? This report seeks to provide some answers by identifying and examining the economic and financial issues that arise in implementing the goal, and the strategies that the public and private sectors are pursuing to achieve it. It deals with issues such as individual learning accounts, recognition of non-formal learning, and measures to raise rates of return to lifelong learning. The report is intended to provide a basis for continued in-depth discussion by public authorities and the social partners. It aims to inspire future actions that ensure that lifelong learning serves as a sustainable and equitable strategy for human development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195868-en
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  • 87
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    Local Partnerships for Better Governance (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (305 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des partenariats locaux pour une meilleure gouvernance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Asociaciones locales para una mejor gobernabilidad
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Regionale Wirtschaftskooperation ; Regionale Kooperation
    Abstract: To better respond to a new set of concerns of the population and promote sustainable development, governments today actively seek a broad partnership with civil society and the private sector. Yet, it is at local and regional levels, closer to the problems and the individuals, that partnerships are most often formed. Partnerships are being established throughout OECD countries to tackle issues of economic development, employment, social cohesion and the quality of life. What all partnerships share is a common desire to improve governance -- how society collectively solves its problems and meets its needs. Through partnerships, civil society and its NGOs, enterprises and government at different levels work together to design area-based strategies, adapt policies to local conditions and take initiatives consistent with shared priorities. An ambitious mission, which raises the challenge of harmonising public accountability and participatory democracy. Local Partnerships for Better Governance presents the lessons learnt from the most recent experiences in seven countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy and the United States. This book proposes a strategy that governments can implement to improve governance through partnerships. Applying this strategy will enforce local capacities in a globalising economy, and contribute to reconcile economic competitiveness, social cohesion and environmental progress.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189461-en
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  • 88
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    Towards a Sustainable Energy Future (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The manner in which we produce and consume energy is of crucial importance to sustainable development, as energy has deep relationships with each of its three dimensions -- the economy, the environment and social welfare. These relationships develop in a fast-moving and complex situation characterised by increasing globalisation, growing market liberalisation and new technologies, as well as by growing concerns about climate change and energy-supply security. In order to make energy an integral part of sustainable development, new policies need to be developed. Such policies must strike a balance among the three dimensions of sustainable development. They must reduce our exposure to large-scale risk. The IEA has synthesised a number of experiences with policies aimed to promote sustainable development. These experiences are reported in seven subject chapters on energy supply security, market reform, improving energy efficiency, renewable energies, sustainable transport, flexibility mechanisms for greenhouse gas reductions and on non-Member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193581-en
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  • 89
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    Das partenariats locaux pour une meilleure gouvernance (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264289468
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (450 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Local Partnerships for Better Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Asociaciones locales para una mejor gobernabilidad
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Regionalpolitik ; Soziale Wohlfahrt ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Governance ; Public Private Partnership ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Pour mieux répondre aux nouvelles préoccupations de la population et favoriser le développement durable, les gouvernements sont désormais en faveur d'un large partenariat avec la société civile et le secteur privé. Or, c'est aux niveaux local et régional, au plus près des problèmes et des individus, qu'on se concerte le plus souvent. Aux quatre coins de l’OCDE, des partenariats se forment aujourd’hui pour répondre à des problèmes liés au développement économique, à l’emploi, à la cohésion sociale et à la qualité de vie. Ces partenariats ont en commun une chose essentielle : ils tentent d’améliorer la gouvernance, c’est-à-dire la manière dont la société résout ses problèmes et satisfait ses besoins collectivement. Les partenariats permettent à la société civile et ses ONG, aux entreprises et aux différents niveaux de gouvernement d’élaborer ensemble des stratégies territoriales, d’adapter les politiques au contexte local, et de prendre des initiatives qui vont dans le sens de priorités partagées. Un pari ambitieux, qui pose le défi d’harmoniser responsabilité publique et démocratie participative. Des partenariats locaux pour une meilleure gouvernance tire les leçons des expériences les plus récentes de sept pays : l’Autriche, la Belgique, le Danemark, les États-Unis, la Finlande, l’Irlande et l’Italie. Cet ouvrage propose une stratégie que les gouvernements peuvent mettre en œuvre pour améliorer la gouvernance par le biais du partenariat. Cette stratégie permettra de renforcer les capacités locales au sein d’une économie toujours plus globalisée, contribuant ainsi à réconcilier compétitivité économique, cohésion sociale et progrès environnemental.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264289468-fr
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  • 90
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    Innovations in Labour Market Policies : The Australian Way (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194502
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des politiques du marché du travail novatrices ; La méthode australienne
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des politiques du marché du travail novatrices : La méthode australienne
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Employment ; Australien ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: With the introduction of Job Network on 1 May 1998, job matching and other employment assistance services in Australia were subcontracted to hundreds of private and community organisations. How well has this radical innovation worked? When jobseekers have to give something to the community in return for receiving unemployment benefits, what are the results? Which of Australia’s many innovations across a wide range of other labour market programmes could be adopted by other countries? Following extensive reforms to a complex industrial relations system to promote enterprise bargaining, what is the best way forward? This publication provides an in-depth analysis of industrial relations and labour market policies, with particular attention to recent insights from three years of operating experience with a contestable employment services market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194502-en
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  • 91
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    International Emission Trading - From Concept to Reality : 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194915
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: International emission trading will be one of the most important tools in the effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The reason is clear: emission trading can bring impressive cost savings. While the private sector has embraced the concept and is well equipped to use it, implementation at the international level remains incomplete. This book offers a comprehensive review of international emission trading, from the “perfect” system envisaged in economic models to a more realistic view of how trading can actually work. It is based on market experiments and modelling undertaken by the International Energy Agency and other institutions. It takes an in-depth look at implications for the power-generation sector, and considers how developing countries could be included in a future trading regime. With this work, we move from the question of “whether” to trade to the more operational question: “how”.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194915-en
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  • 92
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    Saving Oil and Reducing CO2 Emissions in Transport : Options and Strategies (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194939
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Transport is the fastest-growing energy sector world-wide. Every year increasing numbers of drivers at the wheels of ever larger vehicles burn more petroleum products and emit more carbon dioxide. The danger is clear. Nations around the world have taken up the challenge to reduce oil use and the CO2 that comes with it. This report examines the multiple policy approaches being taken by IEA Member countries to reduce transport-related carbon emissions. These include improving fuel economy in new cars and trucks, as well as reducing fuel consumption by vehicles already on the road. Also covered are the use of alternative fuel sources and ways to cut the growth in travel, such as by improving transit systems and using new technologies to reduce congestion. Energy-saving options in freight transport are also explored, such as making trucks and trucking systems more efficient and how to move more goods by rail and water-borne transport. More than twenty different approaches are developed, including some which have been neglected by most IEA countries. The study discusses the benefits and costs of each option, as well as obstacles it faces, and quantifies the effect of each option in reducing oil use and CO2 emissions. Success stories from IEA countries are presented, as well as some stories of failure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194939-en
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  • 93
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    Encourager les jeunes à entreprendre : Les défis politiques (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288645
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Putting the Young in Business; Policy Challenges for Youth Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Insertar a los Jóvenes en los Negocios ; Retos de Política para las Habilidades Emprendedoras de la Juventud
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Putting the Young in Business: Policy Challenges for Youth Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Insertar a los Jóvenes en los Negocios : Retos de Política para las Habilidades Emprendedoras de la Juventud
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Unternehmensgründung ; Bildungspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage propose des pistes pour résoudre deux des grands problèmes auxquels les pays de l’OCDE sont confrontés : le « problème des jeunes » auxquels il faut garantir une place dans la société, et la nécessité de stimuler l’esprit d’entreprise pour créer des emplois et favoriser l’innovation et la flexibilité économique. La « nouvelle économie » se construira sur une culture de l’entreprenariat à laquelle les jeunes comme les adultes doivent pouvoir accéder. En publiant ces pages, l’OCDE espère susciter un débat de fond sur les facteurs qui encouragent les jeunes à entreprendre, mais aussi sur les obstacles qui leur barrent la route et sur les mesures dont disposent les pouvoirs publics pour les accompagner dans leur démarche. Ce livre présente les divers programmes d’aide à la création d’entreprises qui sont mis à la disposition des jeunes à l’échelon national, régional et local, dans les pays de l’OCDE : il constitue la première étude internationale des « bonnes pratiques » dans ce domaine en plein essor. Les dispositifs cités comme exemples sont de natures diverses : actions de formation, aides financières, soutien sur le plan des idées et du fonctionnement, prestations de conseil et tutorat, constitution de réseaux et transmission d’entreprises entre générations. Des indications sont données sur l’éventail des acteurs et des activités, et des suggestions sont présentées là où persistent certaines lacunes. Cet ouvrage montre que si les jeunes sont tout à fait capables de créer une entreprise et de réussir, de nouvelles mesures s’imposent pour les encourager pleinement à s’engager dans cette voie.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288645-fr
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  • 94
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    L' apprentissage tout au long de la vie : aspects économiques et financiers (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264295865
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economics and Finance of Lifelong Learning
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsfinanzierung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: L’apprentissage est une condition essentielle du progrès dans la « société du savoir », et il joue un rôle déterminant pour la croissance économique et le bien-être collectif. Les pays Membres de l’OCDE se sont engagés à faire de la formation tout au long de la vie une réalité pour tous. Mais la réalisation de cet objectif exige des ressources importantes et ces pays n’ont pas tous les mêmes possibilités de se les procurer. Sauront-ils trouver les moyens de relever ce défi ? L’objet de cet ouvrage est d’apporter des réponses à cette question en mettant en lumière et en examinant les problèmes économiques et financiers que pose la mise en œuvre de l’objectif visé, ainsi que les stratégies auxquelles secteur public et secteur privé ont recours pour le réaliser. Y sont traitées des questions telles que les comptes-formation individuels, la reconnaissance de l’apprentissage non institutionnalisé et les mesures requises pour élever les taux de rendement de la formation tout au long de la vie. Ce rapport est destiné à servir de référence aux pouvoirs publics et aux partenaires sociaux pour la tenue d’un débat approfondi et permanent sur le sujet. Son but est de susciter dans l’avenir l’adoption de mesures propres à faire de la formation tout au long de la vie une stratégie viable et équitable de développement humain. Cet ouvrage s’inspire des analyses, conclusions et enseignements dégagés des travaux antérieurs de l’OCDE, ainsi que des débats de la conférence internationale consacrée à « La formation tout au long de la vie : un investissement abordable » (Ottawa, décembre 2000).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264295865-fr
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  • 95
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    What Happened in Bonn? - The Nuts and Bolts of an Historic Agreement (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033870
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: On 23 July 2001, negotiators from 178 nations reached an unexpected political agreement on how to proceed with the international struggle against unwanted climate change.Specifically,they set out detailed rules for implementing the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climat Change.Participants and observers in Bonn, Germany quickly dubbed the accord a turning-point in the fight against global warming. But the document enshrining the agreement was so technical and allusive as to be incomprehensible to all but experts.This pamphlet, prepared by analysts in the International Energy Agency ’s Energy and Environment Division, sets out the terms of the Bonn agreement in layman ’s language. As in several earlier publications of this kind, the IEA seeks to inform the public debate and place it in context in a thoroughly dispassionate and objective way.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033870-en
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  • 96
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Belgium 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193277
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Belgium
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2001 review of Belgium's energy policies and programmes. It finds that due Belgium’s geographical setting, cross-border trade has a significant influence on the country’s energy policy. Belgium has actively increased its gas transmission capacity, and has become key player in the overall European gas markets. There is still room for improvement, however, in the electricity transmission capacity. Belgium has started to liberalise its electricity and gas market. But the traditional utilities Electrabel and Distrigas retain much influence. Further efforts are required to make a competitive market. Belgium has made the political decision to phase out nuclear power, closing down the existing units when they reach forty years of age and building no new units. The report recommends Belgium to look for realistic and economic alternatives for large-scale energy production. The recommendations made by the Ampere Commission on improving energy efficiency and increasing the use of renewables and co-generation provide only a partial solution for future energy needs. Reducing carbon dioxide emissions will be one of the major challenges for Belgian energy policy in this decade. In 1998, Belgium’s energy-related CO2 emissions were 15% above the 1990 level. The report identifies reasons for the growing emissions, analyses current policies and suggests additional measures to help in this challenging task. One of the most crucial elements is curbing the growth of energy consumption, which exceeded 20% in all sectors in the 1990s. Federal-regional co-operation is essential for successful energy-policy development and implementation in Belgium. The report makes recommendations in several areas where co-operative action appears necessary.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193277-en
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  • 97
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    Things that go Blip in the Night : Standby Power and How to Limit it (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Appliances and other electrical equipment increasingly draw power when they are switched off or not performing their primary function. This "standby power" provides remote control capability, network sensing, digital display and other features. Often, standby power is consumed simply because power supplies remain "on" while their appliances are switched "off". Standby power consumption is about 10 per cent of OECD residential energy use or the equivalent of a 60-watt light bulb operating continuously in each OECD household. Standby power consumption can be reduced by an average of 75 per cent with cost-effective design changes and technological improvements. Savings as high as 90 per cent can be achieved in many appliances without any reduction in services. Some products have already achieved very low standby power consumption at little or no cost. But standby power consumption is normally not high enough to command consumer attention. International collaboration is essential to reduce standby power consumption, since so many products and components are traded internationally. Consistent approaches, such as test procedures, standards and voluntary efforts, could also benefit manufacturers by reducing costs and barriers to trade. This book lays out the problem posed by growing standby power consumption, explores fully the technologies available to reduce it, and outlines how increased collaboration among industry, national governments and international organisations can help.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192751-en
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  • 98
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    The Well-being of Nations : The Role of Human and Social Capital (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189515
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Du bien-être des nations ; Le rôle du capital humain et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vom Wohlergehen der Nationen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Du bien-être des nations : Le rôle du capital humain et social
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: In a rapidly changing world, the success of nations, communities and individuals may be linked, more than ever before, to how they adapt to change, learn and share knowledge. This report helps clarify the concepts of human and social capital and evaluates their impact on economic growth and well-being. Although the evidence on social capital is less developed, reflecting the novelty of the concept in economic and social science, the report draws on a number of empirical studies which suggest potentially important linkages between human and social capital. The evidence suggests that human and social capital can be of key importance in contributing to a wide range of positive outcomes, including higher income, life satisfaction and social cohesion. Although there is no evidence for systematic "under-investment" in either human or social capital, concerns are expressed about the distribution and quality of each form of capital and how this might impact on future well-being. There is limited scope for public policy to change the quality, stock and distribution of human and social capital in the short-term. However, a number of areas are discussed in which public, private and voluntary actors may leverage long-term improvements in both human and social capital.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189515-en
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  • 99
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    Energy Consumption in Industry : 2000 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication presents annual energy consumption data in manufacturing sectors. Over the last 25 years, energy consumption has become just as important as energy supply for policy makers. There is a need for energy efficiency indicators and data to monitor developments in energy consumption and energy efficiency trends as they affect the environment. In order to analyse energy use and energy efficiency, it is essential to have disaggregated industry level consumption data. This publication provides such data. Time series of annual energy consumption are provided at the disaggregated manufacturing industry level for most of the OECD countries from 1990 to 1999 where available.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192546-en
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  • 100
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    Das politiques du marché du travail novatrices : La méthode australienne (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264294509
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovations in Labour Market Policies; The Australian Way
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovations in Labour Market Policies: The Australian Way
    Keywords: Employment ; Australien ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: En introduisant le système Job Network (Réseau pour l’emploi) le 1er mai 1998, l’Australie a externalisé les activités de placement et autres services pour l’emploi, les confiant à des centaines d’organismes des secteurs privé et associatif. Cette innovation radicale a-t-elle bien fonctionné ? Quels résultats obtient-on quand on demande aux chômeurs de fournir un travail d’utilité collective en contrepartie des allocations chômage ? Parmi les nombreuses innovations australiennes, quelles sont celles qui pourraient être adoptées par d'autres pays ? Le système de relations professionnelles australien, très complexe, a fait l'objet de vastes réformes pour favoriser la négociation au niveau de l’entreprise. Quelles suites faut-il donner à ces réformes ? Cet ouvrage présente un examen approfondi du marché du travail et du système de relations professionnelles de l’Australie. A travers des informations récentes, il analyse les trois premières années de fonctionnement d’un marché « contestable » des services de l’emploi.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264294509-fr
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