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  • 2000-2004  (5,096)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (2,804)
  • Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest  (2,292)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Florence : Taylor and Francis | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780203491140
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (255 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 394
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschenk ; Anthropologie ; Sozialer Austausch
    Abstract: Arguing with Anthropology is a fresh and wholly original guide to key elements in anthropology, which teaches the ability to think, write and argue critically. Using the classic 'question of the gift' as a master-issue for discussion, and drawing on a rich variety of Pacific and global ethnography, it provides a unique course in methods, aims, knowledge, and understanding. The book's highly original hypothetical approach takes gift-theory - the science of obligation and reciprocity - as the paradigm for a virtual enquiry which explores how the anthropological discipline has evolved historically, how it is applied in practice and how it can be argued with critically. By asking students to participate in projected situations and dilemmas, and in arguments about the form and nature of enquiry, it offers working practice of dealing with the obstacles and choices involved in anthropological study. * From an expert teacher whose methods are tried and tested * Comprehensive and fun course ideal for intermediate-level students * Clearly defines the functions of anthropology, and its key theories and arguments * Effectively teaches core study skills for exam success and progressive learning.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abingdon, Oxon : Taylor and Francis | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780203338582
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (277 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Routledge Explorations in Economic History
    DDC: 303.48094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Moderne ; Industrialisierung ; Modernisierung ; Europa ; Ostasien ; China ; Japan
    Abstract: Why, from the eighteenth century onwards, did some countries embark on a path of sustained economic growth, while others stagnated? This text looks at the kind of institutions that are required in order for change to take place, and Ringmar concludes that for sustained development to be possible, change must be institutionalized. Taking a global view, Ringmar investigates the implications of his conclusion on issues facing the developing world today.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abingdon, Oxon : Taylor and Francis | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9780203327180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 306.3/6
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: The essays in this collection address issues significant to labor within regional, national and international contexts. Themes of the chapters will focus on managed labor migration; organizing in multi-ethnic and multi-national contexts; global economics and labor; global economics and inequality; gender and labor; racism and globalization; regional trade agreements and labor.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264020467
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    DDC: 305.26
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    Keywords: Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Norwegen ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Norwegen ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    DDC: 305.26
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    Keywords: Politik ; Older people Employment ; Government policy ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Reform ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Rentenversicherung ; Beschäftigungsplan ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Japan ; Japan ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungsplan ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Rentenversicherung ; Reform
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016620
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Politik ; Older people Employment ; Government policy ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Tschechische Republik ; Tschechoslowakei ; Tschechoslowakei ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts Verlag | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9783322813374
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (287 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Sozialwissenschaft Series
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Oberbürgermeisterin ; Führungsstil ; Persönlichkeitstyp ; Soziale Herkunft ; Social sciences ; Deutschland ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften GmbH | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9783322810090
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 303.4840943
    RVK:
    Keywords: Rechtsradikalismus ; Politisches Netzwerk ; Right-wing extremists-Germany ; Deutschland ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften GmbH | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9783322808998
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (339 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Politische Kultur in Den Neuen Demokratien Europas Series v.3
    DDC: 306.2
    RVK:
    Keywords: Politische Kultur ; Wertorientierung ; Politische Einstellung ; Political culture ; Post-communism ; Social sciences ; Comparative government ; Osteuropa ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften GmbH | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9783322806390
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (311 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Verfassung und Politik Series
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Geschichte ; Verfassung ; Social sciences ; Deutschland ; Frankreich ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften GmbH | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9783322806031
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (331 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 306.0943
    RVK:
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    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1990-2004 ; Wiedervereinigung ; Auswirkung ; Germany-Social conditions-1990- ; Germany-History-Unification, 1990 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9783663012450
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (271 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Politik und Geschlecht Series v.14
    DDC: 305.420943
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kommunale Frauenpolitik ; Women's rights-Germany-Saxony-Anhalt ; Women's rights-Germany-Hesse ; Women's rights-Germany-Baden-Württemberg ; Deutschland ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.4
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This technical opinion paper represents the consensus of risk analysts in NEA member countries on the current state of the art of human reliability analysis (HRA) in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) for nuclear power plants. The paper's objective is to present decision makers in the nuclear field with a clear technical opinion on HRA status as implemented in industrial PSAs. The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, senior researchers and industry leaders. Government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264071094
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 428; Skin Absorption; In Vitro Method
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 428: Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette méthode d’essai a été conçue pour fournir des informations sur l'absorption d'une substance d'essai (idéalement radiomarquée) appliquée à la surface d'un échantillon de peau séparant les deux compartiments (un compartiment donneur et un compartiment receveur) d'une cellule à diffusion. Des cellules à diffusion statique ou dynamique peuvent indifféremment être utilisées. Les peaux d’humain ou d’animaux peuvent être employées. Bien qu’une peau viable soit préférée, une peau non viable peut également être employée. Il a été démontré que la peau peut métaboliser certains produits chimiques pendant l'absorption cutanée. Dans ce cas, les métabolites du produit chimique d'essai peuvent être analysés par des méthodes appropriées. Normalement, plusieurs concentrations de la substance d’essai sont utilisées dans les formulations types, de façon à couvrir une gamme réaliste d’expositions humaines potentielles. L’application devrait simuler l'exposition humaine, normalement 1-5 mg/cm2 de peau pour un solide et jusqu'à 10 µl/cm2 pour des liquides. La température doit être constante parce qu’elle influe sur la diffusion passive des produits chimiques. L'absorption d'une substance d'essai au cours d'une période donnée (normalement 24h) est mesurée par l'analyse du fluide récepteur et la distribution de la substance d'essai dans le système d'essai. Le profil d'absorption en fonction du temps devrait être présenté.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264105171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Bulgarie 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Bulgarie 2004
    Keywords: Education ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: This book gives an overview of the Bulgarian education system and describes its development since its development over the past decade. It provides an analysis of the entire education system, and identifies key directions for the reinforcement of the reform process in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students under rather difficult conditions.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789282123140
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Reform of Railways in Russia
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme de la réglementation des chemins de fer en Russie
    Keywords: Transport ; Russian Federation
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 136 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.1
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Libéralisation des échanges de services : Identification des possibilités et des avantages
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study has two components: identification of concrete examples of services exports by developing countries, and quantitative studies on the gains from services liberalisation. While the study is by no means comprehensive, and is subject to many limitations, two fundamental findings emerge. The first of these findings, documented in Part I of the study, is that there is clear evidence that developing countries have important service sector export interests beyond mode 4 (temporary movement of services supplying personnel), being global or regional players in sectors such as business services (out-sourcing), port and shipping services, audiovisual services, telecommunications, construction services and health services. The second of these findings, documented in Part II of the study, is that for most countries, including many developing countries, export-related gains from services liberalisation are neither the only nor the largest basis of expected gains. A large portion of benefits from services liberalisation derive, not from seeking better market access abroad, but from the increased competitiveness and efficiency of the domestic market. Together, the study’s two findings underscore the potential benefits of services liberalisation, both for developed and for developing countries.
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.408
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This article investigates issues related to industrial restructuring in Russia. Based on extensive sectoral data it examines, more particularly, levels and changes in labour productivity, unit labour costs and revealed comparative advantages for a large number of Russian industrial sectors. The main findings are the following. First, impressive increases in labour productivity have been achieved since 1997, especially during the post-crisis period. Secondly, this has been true for all major sectors, with the exception of those which are still predominantly state controlled or which suffer from strong state interference. Thirdly, there have been significant relative adjustments within the industrial sector, as labour productivity increased more in less productive sectors. Since the crisis, relative unit labour costs have also adjusted considerably, as less competitive sectors experienced relatively slower wage growth and larger labour force reductions. Fourthly, international ...
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.414
    Keywords: Economics ; Poland
    Abstract: With almost 50 per cent of the working age population not working, improving labour market performance represents an essential and daunting challenge for Poland. While some of today’s joblessness is cyclical in nature, most of it appears to be structural. This paper argues that to increase employment levels policy will need to focus on reducing significantly the inactivity traps inherent in the Polish personal transfer system, while improving the efficiency and targeting of social transfers to ensure resources flow to those truly in need. Simultaneously, efforts must be extended to increase firms' propensity to hire the outof-work, by lowering the costs of low-skill labour, reducing associated administrative and regulatory costs and in the longer term by providing graduates with more relevant skills. This paper outlines reforms in each of these areas which, if implemented, would serve to reverse the recent decline in employment and improve the fairness of income ...
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten) , Diagramme, Tabellen
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2004/01
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Over the past years, non-standard, flexible employment contracts have gained in importance in many OECD countries. This has made it difficult for statisticians to apply standard classifications of working arrangements to measure and analyse labour market developments. This paper presents a new classification of atypical working arrangements, developed by Istat, the Italian Statistical Institute. The paper also uses this classification to quantify the level of atypical jobs and their development between 1996 and 2002 ...
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264079144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.46
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of amphibian metamorphosis with the view to use amphibian metamorphosis as a model for the detection of chemicals affecting the thyroid axis in vertebrates.
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.234
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Donor agencies and policy makers tend to agree that increased access of women to education, health, credit, formal legal rights and employment opportunities, in conjunction with economic growth, will substantially improve the socio-economic role of women in developing countries. This paper challenges that view. It argues that these measures might not be sufficient if the institutional framework within a country constrains women from participating in economic activities. It finds that social institutions — laws, norms, traditions and codes of conduct — constitute the most important single factor determining women’s freedom of choice in economic activities. They have not only a direct impact on the economic role of women but also an indirect one through women’s access to resources like education and health care. The findings suggest that an institutional framework that disadvantages half of the adult population hinders development. To address gender inequalities effectively, policy ...
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.410
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This paper examines the state of the Russian banking sector in 2004 and assesses the most important reform initiatives of the last two years, including deposit insurance legislation, a major reform of the framework for prudential supervision, steps to increase transparency in the sector, and measures to facilitate the development of specific banking activities. The overall conclusion that emerges from this analysis is that the Russian authorities’ approach to banking reform is to be commended. The design of the reform strategy reflects an awareness of the need for a ‘good fit’ between its major elements, and the main lines of the reform address some of the principal problems of the sector. The major lacuna in the Russian bank reform strategy concerns the future of state-owned banks. Despite a long-standing official commitment to reducing the role of the state – and of the Bank of Russia in particular – in the ownership of credit institutions, there is still a need for a much more ...
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.16
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: In its present borders, Bosnia-Herzegovina was created on 25 November 1943 at a session of Tito’s Communist Party, the winning party after the Second World War. After the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was created in 1945, Bosnia-Herzegovina existed as one of its six republics for nearly 50 years. In the early 1990s, the events in former Yugoslavia and consequently in Bosnia-Herzegovina started to multiply at a dramatic speed. After the referendum, which was boycotted by the majority of the Bosnian Serbs and endorsed by Bosniaks and the Bosnian Croats, Bosnia-Herzegovina declared independence on 1 March 1992, but the existence of the newly proclaimed state was short – the war started the following month. The beginning of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina saw two sides at war with each other: on one side were Bosnian Croats and Bosniaks and on the other Bosnian Serbs. However, throughout 1993, Bosnian Croats and Bosniaks fought also heavily with each other. In March 1994, under U.S. pressure, fighting between Bosniaks and Croats ended, with the two sides agreeing to establish a federation on the territory they controlled (the ‘Washington Agreement’). They then joined forces against the Bosnian Serbs who lost ground to the offensive and endured NATO strikes in August 1995.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264101166
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on the United States 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on the United States 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: Les États-Unis ont été le premier pays à mettre hors la loi les actes de corruption d’agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales commis par leurs ressortissants et par les sociétés relevant de leur droit grâce à l’adoption du Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) de 1977. Vingt ans plus tard, les États-Unis ont signé, en compagnie de trente-quatre autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d’agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption). Le Congrès des États-Unis a réagi à la signature de la Convention en amendant le FCPA en octobre 1998. Par la suite, les États-Unis ont ratifié la Convention de l’OCDE et déposé leur instrument de ratification auprès de l’OCDE à la fin de 1998. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place aux États-Unis pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par les États-Unis lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par les États-Unis des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.15
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the recommendations of an international expert group on indicators for diabetes care. Based on a review of existing indicators and an assessment of gaps left open by existing indicators, the experts set out to select indicators to cover clinical processes of diabetes care as well as proximal and distal outcomes of care. The review led to a recommendation of nine indicators: annual HbA1c testing, annual LDL cholesterol testing, annual screening for nephropathy, annual eye exam, HbA1c control, LDL cholesterol control, lower extremity amputation rates, kidney disease in persons with diabetes, and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264101982
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Investment Policy Reviews; China 2003; Progress and Reform Challenges
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Depuis que le gouvernement chinois s’est engagé à réformer l’économie du pays en l’ouvrant aux échanges et aux investissements internationaux, la Chine est devenue l’une des principales destinations de l’investissement direct étranger (IDE). Ces flux de capitaux, qui ont accéléré depuis l’adhésion de la Chine à l’OMC en 2001, ont contribué à dynamiser la croissance économique et la modernisation. L’IDE en provenance des pays de l’OCDE pourrait toutefois être bien supérieur encore, en termes tant quantitatifs que qualitatifs : investissements à plus long terme, davantage d’investissements dans les hautes technologies, investissements à plus forte valeur ajoutée. Cette étude évalue les efforts accomplis jusqu’à présent pour créer des conditions propices à attirer l’IDE et à en maximiser les avantages. Elle propose également de nouvelles options pour rendre les politiques encore plus efficaces. A l’origine, les investisseurs étrangers venaient en Chine attirés par les prix de la main-d’œuvre et des biens fonciers, par les promesses d’un marché très large et, jusqu’à un certain point, par des incitations fiscales. Mais pour maintenir et développer des flux d’IDE à l’échelle des besoins, il serait maintenant avisé de passer à une stratégie d’appel plus fortement basée sur des règles. Celle-ci s’appuierait sur des éléments structurels : un système juridique solide, une législation et une réglementation transparentes, des procédures d’autorisation simplifiées, une bonne gouvernance des entreprises, une politique de la concurrence efficace et un système financier fiable. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de la coopération de l’OCDE avec les économies non membres.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 628.44
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Kostenmanagement ; Abfallpolitik ; Recycling ; Abfallvermeidung
    Abstract: The Workshop held by OECD in October 2003, in Paris, France, brought together leading experts to take stock of “the state of the art" on the economics of waste and to help select topics on which the OECD could usefully do additional work. The book comprises the Workshop papers by leading experts.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105188
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Bulgaria 2004
    Keywords: Education ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Ce livre propose un panorama du système éducatif bulgare et décrit son évolution depuis les changements politiques. Il fournit une analyse de l’ensemble du système éducatif et identifie les directions à prendre pour renforcer le processus de réforme à la lumière des défis auxquels sont confrontés, dans des conditions relativement difficiles, les représentants de l’État, les communautés, les entreprises, le personnel éducatif, les parents et les élèves.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264007031
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Bulgaria 2004; Science, Research and Technology
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Dans chaque pays, petit ou grand, la science et la technologie (S-T) revêtent une importance primordiale dans l’instauration d’une économie basée sur le savoir. Dans les pays appartenant au peloton de tête, la S-T porte ses fruits quand elle est induite par des politiques scientifiques favorisant les programmes à long terme. Et ces programmes sont étroitement liés à une maîtrise anticipative des coûts budgétaires. En Bulgarie, le secteur des sciences et de la technologie reflète bon nombre des difficultés économiques et sociales que rencontre le pays dans son ensemble. Il souffre d’un manque chronique de moyens financiers et a mis du temps à moderniser son appareil de recherche fondamentale. Faute d’une politique cohérente à long terme dans le domaine scientifique et technologique, ces insuffisances se trouvent accentuées. Malgré ces lacunes, l’examen montre que la Bulgarie possède le potentiel humain et scientifique nécessaire à la mise en place d’un système efficace de S-T qui peut considérablement contribuer au développement économique national. Cet examen présente un panorama du secteur de la S-T en Bulgarie et de ses liens avec l’enseignement. Il traite de divers thèmes au nombre desquels : La législation. Les mécanismes institutionnels mis en place dans le domaine de la recherche et de l’enseignement, notamment à travers les exemples de l’Académie bulgare des sciences et des établissements d’enseignement supérieur. Les mécanismes de budgétisation. La coopération régionale et internationale, et notamment les initiatives de l’Union européenne. L’impact de la fuite des cerveaux et du vieillissement sur les ressources humaines. Un échantillon d’études de cas et de pratiques exemplaires en matière de politique de S-T sert à illustrer l’analyse. Le dernier chapitre comprend une série de recommandations. Cet examen sera utile aux décideurs publics ainsi qu’aux professionnels du monde entier. Cette étude s'inscrit dans le cadre des relations de coopération que l'OCDE entretient avec les économies non membres à travers le monde.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016927
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108615
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Sweden 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Sweden
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à la Suède évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264019454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2003
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264015494
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; France 2004; Charting a Clearer Way Forward
    Keywords: Governance ; France
    Abstract: Cet examen approfondi des politiques et institutions réglementaires de la France présente un panorama détaillé de la manière dont la réglementation a évolué en France ainsi qu’une évaluation des résultats obtenus. Des questions spécifiques, notamment la gouvernance réglementaire, la politique de la concurrence et l’ouverture des marchés ainsi que deux secteurs spécifiques – l’aviation civile et les télécommunications – sont traités dans des chapitres distincts. Chaque chapitre présente une liste d’actions envisageables. Le chapitre Performances et évaluation compare la France avec d’autres pays de l’OCDE et un appendice présente sous forme de tableaux l’évolution des réglementations sectorielles en France.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264020009
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106420
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Czech Republic 2004
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: La République tchèque, à l'aube de l'adhésion à l'Union européenne, a connu une croissance relativement régulière et attiré un flux important d’investissements directs étrangers. L'un des défis majeurs auxquels la République tchèque doit faire face est de préserver le rôle de la région de la capitale de Prague et de ses environs comme moteurs de la croissance de l'économie nationale, tout en assurant un développement adéquat dans d'autres régions. Cette étude examine les sujets suivants : le chômage, l’aide à l’entreprenariat et l’adaptation aux nouvelles technologies ainsi que les obstacles indirects à la mobilité du travail.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This book gathers the proceedings of an OECD Workshop that took place in April 2004 in Paris, on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing -- a worldwide problem which is increasing in scale. The aim of the workshop was to better understand the social and economic factors that drive IUU fishing in order to identify more effective methods to combat this evil and propose new ways to deal with it.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264017955
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Denmark 2004; Lessons from PISA 2000
    Keywords: Education ; Denmark
    Abstract: Cette étude a été effectuée selon une approche expérimentale consistant à associer l’analyse des données de PISA et le processus d’examen par les pairs mis en œuvre à l’OCDE, afin de dégager des travaux de PISA des enseignements utiles à l’action gouvernementale, tout en renforçant l’analyse comparative à travers l’examen par les pairs.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107793
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Canada 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Canada ; Bericht ; Kanada ; Umweltschutz ; Umweltqualität ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD ; Kanada ; Umweltbericht ; Industrie ; Bergbau ; Kanada ; Biodiversität
    Abstract: Ce rapport 2004 sur les politiques et les programmes canadiens en matière d’environnement propose un examen systématique de la gestion de l’air, de l’eau, de la nature et de la biodiversité, ainsi que de l’interaction entre la politique de l’environnement, la politique économique, la politique sociale et certains secteurs. Malgré les progrès appréciables du Canada depuis 1985, il reste encore beaucoup à faire. Dans cette optique, le rapport formule des recommandations précises : un recours plus large aux instruments économiques, l’application des principes pollueurs-payeurs, une rationalisation de la gouvernance de l’eau, le renforcement de la protection de la nature, la réduction de l’intensité énergétique, la mise en œuvre de stratégies face au changement climatique, la réévaluation des taxes liées à l’environnement, le respect des engagements concernant le milieu marin et l’aide au développement.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovation in the Knowledge Economy; Implications for Education and Learning (Hungarian version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Today's "knowledge economies" are seeing the emergence of new paradigms for innovation and the advancement of knowledge in relation to economic activities. This report explores some key determinants of innovation and their implications for the advancement of knowledge in a particular sector – primary and secondary education. The analysis shows that there is considerable scope for certain drivers that have helped speed up innovation in other sectors to take effect in education. However, in practice, a number of basic characteristics of education systems have prevented innovation from changing this sector fundamentally. Nevertheless, educational policy makers can learn much from observing how innovation occurs and how sectors are transformed in the most knowledge intensive parts of the economy.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (338 p.)
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.6
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Supervising Private Pensions: Institutions and Methods offers detailed and comparable information on the supervisory agencies, institutional design and methods in over 40 countries in the OECD area, Latin America, Eastern Europe and South-east Asia. It is a valuable and practical contribution for policy makers who wish to benefit from pension supervision experiences across countries.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015067
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Enseignement supérieur ; internationalisation et commerce
    Keywords: Education ; Trade
    Abstract: This book brings together up-to-date statistics, case studies and policy reports on the major trends and developments in cross-border post-secondary education in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region. Topics covered include policy initiatives to promote cross-border post-secondary education; rationales for delivering or receiving cross-border education services; size and growth of cross-border post-secondary education in terms of student mobility, programme mobility, and institutional mobility (international branch campuses); assessment of the possible impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (WTO); and challenges facing cross-border post-secondary education such as quality assurance and recognition of qualifications, cost and financing, equity of access, trade agreements, capacity building in receiving countries, mobility personnel, and cultural diversity.
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.232
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The present level of ODA falls short of the amount needed to finance the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The figure of additional $50 billion per year, roughly the present total of ODA spent by DAC donors, is often quoted (e.g. by the Zedillo Report); it results from the sum of the fight against communicable diseases ($ 7-10 billion), primary schooling ($10 billion), infant and maternal mortality ($12 billion) and halving world poverty ($20 billion). The scarcity of public resources raises the importance of investing in international public goods as the cost of lifting one person out of income poverty, for example through agricultural research and global trade expansion, is estimated to be much lower than the cost of the same impact through traditional aid to poor countries. This raises important issues for donor strategies, in particular principles of aid allocation, which this paper aims to address. First, should aid be partly earmarked towards international public goods? ...
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.8
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coûts de l'introduction et de la mise en oeuvre de mesures de facilitation des échanges : Rapport intérimaire
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This report presents preliminary findings from a series of country surveys on the costs of introducing and implementing trade facilitation measures. It was prepared in response to concerns with respect to the cost implications of a future WTO agreement on trade facilitation and will be complemented in the near future by additional data from a wider range of developing and least-developed countries. The report contains observations with respect to the methodology of assessing trade facilitation costs and highlights common cost features in the various country experiences.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.402
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: The gas industry is perhaps Russia’s least reformed major sector. Prices are regulated, exports are monopolised and the domestic market is dominated by a state-controlled, vertically integrated monopolist, OAO Gazprom. Gazprom combines commercial and regulatory functions, and maintains tight control over the sector’s infrastructure and over information flows within it. The sector as it is currently constituted is highly unlikely to be able to sustain sufficient output growth to satisfy both rising export commitments and domestic demand. There is significant potential for accelerating the growth of non-Gazprom production and making gas supply in Russia more competitive, but this will require fundamental reform. The proposals for reform advanced in the paper address two sets of issues. First, there is an urgent need to increase transparency in the sector and transfer many of the regulatory functions now performed by Gazprom to state bodies. Secondly, there is a longer-term need for a ...
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264105355
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (87 p.)
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Iceland 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Iceland 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Iceland
    Abstract: C'est en décembre 1997 que l’Islande a signé, en compagnie de trente-trois autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l'OCDE). En août 1998, l'Islande a été le premier pays à ratifier la Convention de l'OCDE et à déposer son instrument de ratification auprès de l'OCDE. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place en Islande pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par l’Islande lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par l’Islande des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluation du cycle d'orientation de Montbrillant en Suisse
    Keywords: Education ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Does Geneva’s Montbrillant lower secondary school, which has now been in use for one year, meet the objectives targeted when it was designed? Does the new school respond to the needs and expectations of staff and students? Questions such as these serve to evaluate the quality of a school building once in use and tie in with work supported by PEB on post-occupancy evaluation. For the design of Montbrillant, the Geneva authorities promoted specific integrated concepts; to verify to what extent these were successfully incorporated into the building, the author contacted the school’s users, i.e. its management, administrative and technical staff, teachers, and students. Although their overall appreciation was positive, the users expressed dissatisfaction with many aspects of the facilities as described below.
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.18
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for patient safety. Using a structured review process, the panel set out to select indicators to cover the five key areas: areas hospital-acquired infections, sentinel events, operative and postoperative complications, obstetrics, and other care related adverse events...
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264028340
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Équipements éducatifs et gestion des risques ; Les catastrophes naturelles
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Équipements éducatifs et gestion des risques : Les catastrophes naturelles
    Keywords: Education ; France ; Greece ; Iceland ; India ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Mexico ; Nepal ; Turkey
    Abstract: Earthquakes and other natural disasters are unpredictable, and often deadly. In developed and developing countries alike, the cost in human life and infrastructure is very high. The danger to schools is of particular concern, given the concentration of young people attending them, and schools' broader role in communities -- not the least of which is their common use as places of refuge after an earthquake or other disaster.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Creating 21st Century Learning Environments
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: C’est sous l’égide du ministère de l’Éducation et des Compétences du Royaume-Uni (DfES) et du Programme de l’OCDE pour la construction et l’équipement de l’éducation (PEB) que s’est tenu le séminaire intitulé « Concevoir les environnements d’apprentissage du XXIe siècle ». Deux projets menés par le Royaume-Uni sont présentés ici.
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  • 51
    Language: French
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Science and Technology Facilities
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les quatre articles ci-dessous concernent les infrastructures pour les sciences et la technologie dans les établissements secondaires et tertiaires. Le premier article présente une vision de l’enseignement des sciences à l’école et illustre l’espace idéal pour une zone des sciences pour le niveau secondaire. Le second expose le travail en cours pour améliorer le Complexe des sciences à l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Le troisième décrit un centre de formation professionnelle de niveau secondaire dédié aux nouvelles technologies au Québec. Le quatrième article rend compte d’une visite dans une école australienne spécialisée dans les sciences et les mathématiques.
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L' "expropriation indirecte" et le "droit de réglementer" dans le droit international de l'investissement
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: It is a well recognised rule in international law that the property of aliens cannot be taken, whether for public purposes or not, without adequate compensation. Two decades ago, the disputes before the courts and the discussions in academic literature focused mainly on the standard of compensation and measuring of expropriated value. The divergent views of the developed and developing countries raised issues regarding the formation and evolution of customary law. Today, the more positive attitude of countries around the world toward foreign investment and the proliferation of bilateral treaties and other investment agreements requiring prompt, adequate and effective compensation for expropriation of foreign investments have largely deprived that debate of practical significance for foreign investors. Disputes on direct expropriation – mainly related to nationalisation that marked the 70s and 80s -- have been replaced by disputes related to foreign investment regulation ...
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/06
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: The Vietnamese economy was in the doldrums in the 1980s and until a certain progress had been made in the context of Doi Moi there was little incentive for businesses to invest. The following reasons are commonly given for the sluggish economic activity: a lack of appropriate infrastructure (causing market disconnectedness even within the country); weak links to the world market; a shortage of skilled labour and managerial capacity; and an inefficient or business unfriendly public administration. ODA to Vietnam was allocated in such a way as to remedy these obstacles and the donors’ well designed strategies are seen as a major factor behind the success of ODA. National ownership, an important feature of ODA programmes, has mostly been strong in ODA to Vietnam. Most of the activities of the past were closely aligned with the Vietnamese government’s development priorities. It should nevertheless be recognised that some ODA projects have aroused little enthusiasm among public ...
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  • 54
    Language: French
    Pages: 13 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. School Facility Projects in Latin America
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: De nombreux pays latino-américains entreprennent actuellement des projets, conformes aux pratiques recommandées par le PEB, visant par exemple à partager des installations scolaires avec les collectivités locales, à adapter les écoles ordinaires aux élèves souffrant de déficience et à collaborer avec des entreprises privées pour financer les bâtiments scolaires. Les articles ci-après décrivent les projets en cours dans cinq pays : l’Argentine, le Brésil, le Chili, le Mexique et le Vénézuela.
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.21
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Most Western countries have a long tradition of employment service provision by public bodies and non-profit organisations, but not by for-profit organisations. The creation of a quasi-market arrangement is not a simple choice for government. This paper underscores the difficulties and discusses design options. It calls for a complex balancing act between regulation and the creation of room for market competition, between old and new instruments and procedures, and between efficiency and equity. It identifies as two key issues the need to actively create sufficient room for market competition, and the need for "positive creaming" which encourages providers to concentrate their efforts on the most disadvantaged target groups. The paper starts by stating the principles and preconditions for market competition, with a focus on possible quasi-market arrangements for strengthening service provision for the long-term unemployed in Flanders. It sets out four models for contracting with ...
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.371
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In the face of the substantial ageing of population expected to occur in OECD countries over coming decades, policies that boost labour-force participation attract considerable interest. There remain large cross-country divergences in participation rates that are largely accounted for by differences in participation of specific groups, in particular prime-age women, older workers and also youth. This suggests that policies targeting these groups could have important effects. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the potential impact of several policy reforms is able to attenuate or to offset the adverse trend in aggregate participation rates that would otherwise occur because of ageing population. It uses a simple dynamic modelling framework that generates longer-term projections of participation rates and labour supplies in OECD countries and alternative scenarios of policy reforms. The main outcome of this analysis is that the combined effect of possible reforms targeting ...
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  • 57
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Documents SIGMA no.35
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Co-ordination at the Centre of Government: The Functions and Organisation of the Government Office Comparative; Analysis of OECD Countries, CEECs and Western Balkan Countries
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La plupart des pays des Balkans occidentaux n'ont commencé que très récemment à adapter leurs institutions et leurs cadres juridiques aux nécessités et aux conditions d'une économie de marché occidentale. Pourtant, la complexité des exigences prescrites par le processus de stabilisation et d'association et, plus encore, par l'adhésion à l'UE, requiert des moyens particulièrement développés en coordination, en suivi et en évaluation des politiques. Dans pratiquement tous les pays des Balkans occidentaux ainsi que dans plusieurs nouveaux États membres, les moyens dont disposent les gouvernements et les administrations pour fixer les priorités de politique, développer des options de politique, analyser les politiques, contrôler l'application des politiques et évaluer les politiques demeurent faibles.
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.5
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Nuclear licensees are increasingly required to adapt to a more challenging commercial environment as electricity markets are liberalised. One of the costs that is often perceived as being amenable to control is staffing, and hence there is significant exploration of new strategies for managing this cost - for example, by reducing staffing levels, changing organisational structures, adopting new shift strategies, introducing new technology or increasing the proportion of work carried out by external contractors. However, if changes to staffing levels or organisational structures and systems are inadequately conceived or executed they have the potential to affect the way in which safety is managed. In this context, the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its Special Expert Group on Human and Organisational Factors (SEGHOF) organised an international workshop to discuss the management and regulation of organisational change in 2001. This technical opinion paper distils the findings of that workshop and sets out the factors that regulatory bodies might reasonably expect to be addressed within licensees' arrangements to manage organisational change. The paper should be of particular interest to both regulators and managers of nuclear utilities.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Lycée Français in New York: A Showcase for the French-Speaking Community
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: On dit à New York que l’architecture du nouveau lycée français (accueillant des élèves francophones de la maternelle au cycle secondaire) a été inspirée par le rationalisme de Descartes. L’agence américaine Polshek Partnership Architects, le signataire, a en tout cas traduit par le dessin et le choix des matériaux un établissement qui ancre son projet pédagogique dans la modernité.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers un Accord de libre-échange en Asie de l'Est
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The inaugural Policy Insight, "Towards an East Asian Free Trade Area", by Shujiro Urata, looks at the progress towards and consequences of an East Asian FTA, not only for the region itself, but also the world economy and for non members of the FTA. It discusses a topic of immediate relevance to current evolutions in the world trading system, particularly with regard to the position of China and the dynamic economies of the region.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264064935
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (87 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principios de Gobierno Corporativo de la OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 Edition (Japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Os Princípios da OCDE sobre o Governo das Sociedades 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Chinese version)
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Die OECD-Grundsätze der Corporate Governance wurden 1999 vom Rat der OECD auf Ministerebene gebilligt und sind seitdem zu einer internationalen Richtschnur für politische Entscheidungsträger, Investoren, Unternehmen und sonstige interessierte Gruppen in aller Welt geworden. Sie haben die Corporate-Goverance-Agenda vorangebracht und liefern präzise Orientierungshilfen für Gesetzes- und Regulierungsinitiativen in OECD-Mitglieds- wie auch Nichtmitgliedsländern. Das Forum für Finanzmarktstabilität hat die Grundsätze in den Katalog der zwölf Kernstandards für solide Finanzsysteme aufgenommen. Die Grundsätze bilden ferner die Ausgangsbasis eines umfassenden Programms der Zusammenarbeit zwischen OECD- und Nicht-OECD-Ländern und dienen als Grundlage für das Corporate-Governance-Modul der Weltbank/IWF-Berichte über die Einhaltung von Standards und Kodizes (Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes ROSC).
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.393
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides estimates of the implicit fiscal assets as well as of the evolution over time of fiscal costs and revenues related to tax-favoured retirement saving regimes in 17 OECD countries, taking into account current and future contributions, asset accumulation and withdrawals, all of which will be strongly influenced by future demographic developments. The main results show that in the case where tax incentives are assumed to lead essentially to saving diversion rather than creation, the net budgetary cost of tax-favoured schemes would remain large, despite the sharp rise in revenues collected from withdrawals as population ages. The paper shows that this cost would significantly be reduced if tax-favoured schemes succeed in promoting additional private savings. It then explores a number of policy options to maximize the amount of additional saving ...
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/05
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: US plant level studies show US multinational enterprises (MNE) are more productive than other MNEs. This could reflect US productivity leadership or could be due to the ease in which US firms operate in their home surroundings. The evidence would therefore be more compelling if US firms were leaders outside the US. We study the productivity of plants owned by US firms located in the UK. Our study differs from many studies of foreign owned plants in three ways. Firstly, using a newly available dataset we can identify not only foreign but also domestic MNEs. We find that UK MNEs are less productive than US owned plants, but as productive as non US foreign owned plants. Secondly, having a panel dataset we distinguish between different hypotheses regarding the nature of the US and MNE advantage. We find strong evidence that the US advantage lies in the ability to takeover already productive plants. Whereas we find some evidence for a shared asset effect for MNEs in general we do not find any evidence that the US advantage is driven by superior shares assets. Thirdly, this paper features a novel approach to TFP calculation.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.409
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion des dépenses publiques en France
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: Since the early 1990s, when France's general government deficit reached a disturbing 6 per cent of GDP, the country's public finances have progressed substantially, even though significantly further improvement is required. This paper examines the tools available to policy-makers to meet this challenge. The clearest message is that, given the relatively small size of the State Budget in total spending, the challenge cannot be met by the State sector alone. Social security, as the principal source of spending pressure, must play a role, but so too must sub-national government -- especially if current plans to transfer additional responsibilities to the local level go through. If policy-makers are to succeed in directing public expenditure so as to create this room, they will have to clarify governance structures so that those who administer programmes face appropriate incentives to control costs and maximise programme efficiency ...
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.86
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les TIC, le commerce électronique et les PME
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) connectivity (PCs and Internet) is very widespread in businesses of all sizes. As is the case with all technologies, small businesses are slower than large ones to adopt new ICTs. Commercial considerations and potential returns are the principal drivers of small business adoption and profitable use. Principal reasons for non-adoption are lack of applicability and little incentive to change business models when returns are unclear. SMEs also face generic barriers to adoption including trust and transaction security and IPR concerns, and challenges in areas of management skills, technological capabilities, productivity and competitiveness.
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quelles politiques pour réduire le coût du capital en Afrique australe ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . Lowering interest rates and, thus, the cost of borrowing in the rand zone (Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland and South Africa) is a priority to promote investment and economic growth. . Local-currency interest rates in these countries are driven by those on rand-denominated transactions. Reducing the level and volatility of the rand premium would help reduce ?nancing costs in the region. . Policies should promote: enhancing ?nancial-market liquidity; easier access to South African ?nancial markets for African entities; domestic saving capacity; and the improvement of international perception of the rand. . Johannesburg could become a ?nancial “hub” for the region, channelling cheap resources to its neighbours.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Irlande - Des écoles économes en énergie
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: Out of a commitment to reducing carbon dioxide emissions, Ireland’s Department of Education and Science has designed and constructed two low energy schools, in Tullamore, County Offaly, and Raheen, County Laois. With energy use in buildings responsible for approximately 55% of the CO2 released into the atmosphere and a major contributor to global warming, the Department researched the latest construction techniques and systems that lower energy consumption.
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.3
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the third in this series, presenting the Danish SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 69
    Language: French
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance in Developing, Transition and Emerging-Market Economies
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Des systèmes sains de gouvernance des entreprises sont d’une importance cruciale dans tous les pays, y compris les plus pauvres, pour pouvoir tirer parti de la mondialisation. • La « gouvernance d’entreprise » englobe les institutions qui régissent les relations entre ceux qui dirigent les entreprises et tous ceux qui y investissent des ressources. • La qualité de la gouvernance d’entreprise détermine fortement la capacité d’un pays à accroître durablement sa productivité réelle, ainsi que le succès de ses efforts de développement à long terme. • Les dirigeants des entreprises dans les pays en développement font un large usage de structures pyramidales du capital, de participations croisées et de catégories d’actions multiples pour tirer des rentes du contrôle des entreprises, exploiter les autres investisseurs et résister aux efforts d’amélioration de la gouvernance des entreprises. • Du fait des relations étroites qu’entretiennent les dirigeants des entreprises avec ceux qui exercent le pouvoir politique, une saine gouvernance d’entreprise requiert une saine gouvernance politique et inversement.
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.16
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for health promotion and primary care. Using a structured review process, the panel selected a set of 27 indicators to cover the three key areas health promotion, preventive care and diagnosis and treatment in primary care. The report describes the review process and provides a detailed discussion of the scientific soundness and policy importance of the 27 indicators as follows ...
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.380
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, public spending rose steadily as a share of GDP over the past decades to the mid-1990s, but this trend has since abated. The spending pressures stemming from the continued expansion of social programmes have been partly compensated by transient or one-off factors. Pressures on public spending, however, appear likely to intensify, in particular as a consequence of ageing populations. Since most OECD economies have very little scope for raising taxation or debt to finance higher spending, reforms to curb the growth in public spending while raising its cost effectiveness are now required. This paper presents a reform strategy for progress in this direction, based on detailed country reviews for over twothirds of OECD countries. Three main areas for action are identified: the budget process; management practices and the use of market mechanisms in the delivery of public services ...
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Une école novatrice revisitée : L'académie de Leith et les projets subséquents
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: In 1995, PEB published a case study on the United Kingdom’s Leith Academy. The following article examines the Academy’s original design, how the facilities have served over the 13 years since their construction and their influence on subsequent designs.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.405
    Keywords: Economics ; Portugal
    Abstract: An ambitious reform to increase efficiency of the Portuguese health care system was launched in 2002. In contrast to previous attempts of gradual reforms, which were never fully implemented, the strategy has been to create a big bang in the health sector, making changes essentially irreversible. The reform has two main aims: to deliver better-quality public health services than at present but at no higher cost; and to reduce the underlying growth rate of public health-care spending over the medium term. New legislation approved includes the separation of the functions of regulation, financing and provision of health care services; setting up new models of financing for providers, which impose harder budget constraints; the introduction of incentives towards productivity, management and quality improvements; the possibility for the private sector to play a larger role in service provision; and the promotion of generic drugs. After assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the ...
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.404
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This paper provides an in depth analysis of Russia’s recent growth, with a view to understanding the prospects for its continuation. It examines in detail the main drivers of growth, as well as the main developments and policies that have been underlying it. A key finding is that the role of the oil sector, and particularly privately owned oil companies, has been vastly more important in driving economic growth since 2001 than most analyses have recognised. The oil sector’s contribution to growth has hitherto been severely underestimated as official data do not account for transfer pricing and thus fail to reflect fully the importance of the hydrocarbon sector in the Russian economy. The paper further argues that prudent postcrisis fiscal policy, by balancing the federal budget over the oil-price cycle, has also been essential for creating a macroeconomic environment conducive to strong growth. Looking forward, it is argued that - given its economic structure - Russia is bound to ...
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.239
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Raising manufacturing productivity is of central importance to the developing world and an essential element of policy making. Overcoming Barriers to Competitiveness is about establishing the most reliable analysis of manufacturing productivity possible and helping policy makers set their priorities. The paper demonstrates that productivity rests on five elements of the economy: infrastructure, capital, trade, education and aggregate efficiency. These factors, when multiplied together, give a true picture of a country’s situation on the productivity “league table”. More than a simple comparison, this ranking system allows the identification of which elements in each particular national or regional case require most attention. This approach can be viewed as another way of addressing the so-called “competitiveness problem” of poor countries. It does not say, however, that other areas can be totally neglected; one of the main points of the paper is that all five elements have to be ...
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.1
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the first in this series, presenting the Australian SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.78
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Note de synthèse pour l'atelier de l'OCDE sur le spam
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This background paper has been prepared to provide a broad overview of the issues associated with spam as information for participants at the OECD Workshop on Spam, to be held at the European Commission on 2-3 February 2004.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Low Energy Schools in Ireland
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: Conformément à son engagement de réduire les émissions de dioxyde de carbone, le ministère irlandais de l’Éducation et de la Science a conçu et construit deux écoles économes en énergie, à Tullamore (comté d’ Offaly) et à Raheen (comté de Laois). Comme la consommation d’énergie dans les bâtiments est à l’origine d’environ 55 % du CO2 rejeté dans l’atmosphère qui contribue fortement au réchauffement planétaire, le ministère a étudié les techniques de construction et les systèmes les plus récents pouvant diminuer la consommation énergétique.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.11
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This paper analyses the Slovak health insurance system and the policy challenges it faces. It describes the structure of health coverage and health sector reforms being implemented by the Slovak government. It provides a preliminary assessment of the possible impact of such reforms, with a focus on the health insurance system and the possible introduction of private health insurance (PHI). It assesses how private health insurance would impact upon the health system, particularly equity, efficiency incentives facing providers and insurers, and responsiveness. The Slovak health system is based upon a mandatory Bismarck-style social health insurance system. Contributions are shared between employers and employees and the state contributes for the inactive population. Five non-profit and non-competing insurers operate nationwide, one of which covers two-thirds of the population. Individuals can freely enrol with any of the insurance companies and a risk equalisation system ...
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/05
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The present paper was prepared in the context of a joint project between the OECD Investment Committee (IC) and Development Assistance Committee (DAC) on Official Development Assistance and Investment for Development. It responds to discussions at the IC-DAC Workshop on Synergies between ODA and Foreign Direct Investment on 11 March 2004, during which participants opined that development agencies lack information about the quality of the investment climate in developing countries and the likely repercussions for direct investment. The purpose of the present paper is threefold. First, it provides an overview of a variety of scoreboards for the investment climate that have been established by a number of actors, including the World Bank, UNCTAD and several private “think tanks”. Second, it documents their similarities and discrepancies in assessing the investment climates of developing, emerging and transition economies (henceforth jointly referred to as “developing countries”) ...
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  • 81
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.10
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland
    Abstract: This paper analyses the Irish private health insurance (PHI) market. It describes how PHI interacts with the public system, and assesses its contribution to equity, efficiency and responsiveness of the health system. The analysis identifies some of the factors affecting insurance market performance and its impact on the health system, including market characteristics, the regulatory and fiscal environment, health system organisation, and any actors’ incentives and behaviours. PHI plays a prominent role in Ireland. The health system is designed to offer comprehensive publicly funded health services to low-income groups, and universal public hospital coverage. Policies have encouraged the development of PHI to provide all individuals with a private alternative to the public system, as well as a means of funding cost-sharing and services not covered by the public system. With the implementation of the requirements of the Third EU Non-Life Directive, the PHI market, historically ...
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.13
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Turkey
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the thirteenth in this series, presenting the Turkish SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.233
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Land dynamics are context specific and rapidly changing, and conflicts related to them do not systematically escalate into violence. One way of framing the discussion is to consider change in the structures of power governing the management of resources in rural areas as necessary to achieve greater efficiency and equity. Since such change will be opposed by beneficiaries of the system in place, the transformation of agriculture is bound to be marred by conflicts of various intensity levels. At the heart of these conflicts lies land because of its very high material and symbolic values. Evidence shows that (a) whether they result from pre-existing agrarian tensions or not, conflict situations in rural societies deeply affect the politics of land, and (b) whether it is at the heart of a conflict or gets dragged into it, land requires a careful approach by policy makers because it is a central element in the evolution of societies. As a result, policies pertaining to land can ...
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 149 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.16
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The purpose of the System of Health Accounts Changes in health systems and concomitant health policy questions have been challenging the traditional system of health expenditure statistics over the last couple of decades. What are the major factors accounting for health expenditure growth? What factors explain the differences between countries in expenditure growth? How to ensure sustainable financing? What are the major factors accounting for the differences in the structure of health spending? How are the changes in health spending structure and the performance of health systems related? In order to answer such questions, reliable, comparable and appropriately detailed health expenditure data are required. The System of Health Accounts intends to provide the foundation for health statistics that are able to meet these challenges. Box 1 What is the System of Health Accounts? The System of Health Accounts (SHA) proposes an integrated system of comprehensive and internationally ...
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  • 85
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.386
    Keywords: Economics ; Denmark
    Abstract: Immigration could offer one way for Denmark to expand its labour supply, thereby lowering the dependency ratio, at least for some time, and easing the task of ensuring fiscal sustainability. However, these beneficial effects are obtained only if immigrants are in work. Yet a significant proportion of immigrants have found it quite difficult to get work in Denmark, while the country has been relatively unattractive to high-skilled foreigners. Furthermore, the structure of the economy not only makes it difficult for low-skilled foreigners to gain a foothold in the labour market, but also provides generous social benefits that have caught many of the least skilled immigrants in a benefit trap. A heightened appreciation of these problems, including a tighter focus on the economic situation of the immigrants already present, have underpinned the main changes in policies on immigration in recent years ...
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La mise en œuvre des stratégies préconisées par la PCAM peut jouer un rôle majeur dans la création d’un environnement pédagogique plus sûr, puisqu’elle permet d’orienter le comportement des élèves comme celui des visiteurs. La PCAM repose sur trois principes de base étroitement liés et dont l’objet est de limiter les risques de crime, de même que les craintes de voir se produire des actes criminels.
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.394
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper examines the linkages between housing markets and the business cycle in OECD countries, focusing on how differences in the degree of resilience to economic shocks can be affected by the structural characteristics of housing and mortgage markets. The paper focuses specifically on: the transmission channel from housing wealth to consumption and on the factors behind house price variability, which help to determine whether the housing sector plays a stabilising role or not. Estimates of the marginal propensity to consume out of housing wealth are presented for ten OECD countries, where it is found that the strongest impact on consumption is in countries that have large, efficient and responsive mortgage markets. Particularly important in this regard is the degree of mortgage market “completeness” -- i.e. the extent to which the market is able to offer a variety of products and to serve a broad range of potential borrowers -- in particular, the extent to which they provide ...
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  • 88
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.18
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Private health insurance (PHI) is the sole source of primary health coverage for a third of the Netherlands’ population earning above a set income threshold. Social insurance (together with limited public (tax-based financing) is the main source of health coverage for the majority of the population. Most socially insured also purchase supplementary private health coverage. All citizens are eligible for a system of coverage for long-term care and care for the chronically ill. Thus, in the Netherlands, the source of health financing is determined according to the category of health risk, type of illness, as well as income level. Decisions have been made allocating the cost of more expensive long-term care and coverage of high-risk individuals and persons earning below a set level, to social or public insurance, or to PHI subsidised by a broader pool. From an equity perspective, the Dutch public/private financing mix appears to do well, although challenges remain. There appear to be ...
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.411
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: This paper investigates the determinants of money demand (M3) in the euro area. It specifically examines the potential impact of financial and housing wealth on money demand. It tests the hypothesis, whether wealth associated with increases in asset prices is used to finance liquidity holdings in a standard portfolio context. Regressing velocity on interest rates and a wealth variable (a composite of residential property and stocks) within an error-correction framework provides evidence of positive wealth effects from financial and housing assets on money demand in the long run, but no significant impact in the short run. Tests suggests that the long-run and dynamic money demand equations are stable and have not been disrupted by the adoption of the euro on 1 January 1999, while the impact of wealth on money demand may have increased ...
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.391
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses two factors which may cause cyclically-adjusted budget balances to give a misleading picture of underlying fiscal trends. It first explores the implications of recent large asset-market related fluctuations in government revenues for the measurement of structural budget balances. And second, it reviews the impact of the increased recourse to stopgap “one-off” measures to control deficits. The results confirm that since the late 1990s revenues have been more buoyant than would have been warranted by the registered rate of nominal output growth and the impact of tax measures. The study suggests that from 1995 to 2000 the average contribution of “unwarranted” revenues to year-to-year changes in cyclically-adjusted budget positions ranged from negligible to around ½ per cent of GDP, the main countries affected being the United States, the United Kingdom, France and some Nordic countries. Conversely, the subsequent decline in tax receipts has been sharper than could ...
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le lycée français de New York, une vitrine de la francophonie
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In New York they say that the architecture of the new Lycée français (serving French students from kindergarten through upper secondary education) was inspired by the rationalism of Descartes. What is beyond doubt, however, is that the design and materials chosen by the American firm of architects, Polshek Partnership Architects, which designed the building, provide a thoroughly modern setting for its distinctive educational project.
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 255 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/09
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This handbook reviews the methods employed in price indexes to adjust for quality change: “conventional” quality adjustment methods, which are explained in Chapter II, and hedonic price indexes (Chapter III). Hedonic indexes have a prominent place in price indexes for information and communication technology (ICT) products in several OECD countries, and are also used for measuring prices for some other goods and services, notably housing. The handbook’s objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the merits and shortcomings of conventional and hedonic methods, and to provide an analytic basis for choosing among them. This handbook compares and contrasts the logic and statistical properties of hedonic methods and conventional methods and the results of employing them in different circumstances. In Chapter IV, it reviews empirical evidence on the difference that alternative methods make in practice, and offers an evaluation framework for determining which is better. In ...
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.388
    Keywords: Economics ; Sweden
    Abstract: Vigorous product market competition plays a central role in bolstering productivity growth. Sweden has strengthened competition legislation and deregulated a number of sectors, including electricity, telecommunications and parts of transport, over the past 10 to 15 years. This paper examines the current state of product market competition and proposes further measures. A stronger institutional framework would facilitate identification and elimination of anti-competitive behaviour, such as hard-core cartels. Efforts to inject effective competition into a range of network industries have been broadly successful, but specific measures could increase competition in several sectors, such as retail and construction. There is also room to boost competition in Sweden’s large and decentralised public sector and in its interactions with the private sector, so that competitive neutrality applies to all public sector activities ...
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.400
    Keywords: Economics ; European Union
    Abstract: After the launch of the single currency the euro exchange rate fell and interest rates had converged towards the (low) German level. These shocks have worked out differently for the small and large countries. Housing markets have acted as an important vehicle of transmission of these shocks onto economic activity and inflation. Simulations with a stylised econometric model for the euro area economy, making a distinction between the small and large countries in terms of the estimated parameters, illustrate this mechanism ...
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 72 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.80
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: As the development of broadband access builds momentum, policy makers are increasingly turning their attention to the availability of these services in rural and remote areas.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.17
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for mental health care. Using a structured review process, the panel selected a set of 12 indicators to cover the four key areas treatment, continuity of care, coordination of care, and patient outcomes. The report describes the review process and provides a detailed discussion of the scientific soundness and policy importance of the 12 indicators as follows ...
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mobilising Public Opinion against Global Poverty
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les citoyens des pays de l'OCDE soutiennent sans réserve les actions en faveur de davantage de solidarité et de justice à l'échelle mondiale. Cependant, et malgré l'adoption des Objectifs de développement du millénaire par leurs gouvernements en 2000, ils connaissent mal les questions de développement international. S'ils étaient mieux informés, ils pourraient apporter un soutien renforcé à l’adoption de politiques de développement plus efficaces et plus cohérentes, ainsi qu'à une hausse des financements. Les autorités nationales doivent donc mieux faire connaître tant les objectifs poursuivis que les résultats et l'efficacité de leurs politiques de développement international.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789282123201
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (95 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Transport ; Lithuania
    Abstract: The European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) has adopted a new approach to strengthening its work on road safety. It is now working to contribute more effectively to the debate on the improvement of road safety policies by conducting peer reviews of the measures and policies enacted by member countries. Lithuania is the first country to undertake this type of review in the safety field. This review, carried out by experts from Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden and the ECMT Secretariat, is an effective way for Lithuania to openly examine its policies and practices through detailed expert comment, discussion and insight on its activities. The peer review process is used extensively within the OECD and its affiliated organisations, always originating at the request of the country being reviewed. Apart from providing an open appraisal of national policies, the review process should help relevant Ministries obtain needed resources and implement effective policies and practice.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264007451
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'assurance-maladie privée dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report provides the first-ever comparative analysis of the role and performance of private health insurance (PHI) in OECD countries. It analyses PHI markets and identifies policy issues arising from their interdependence with publicly financed health coverage schemes. The report assesses the impact of PHI against health policy objectives, paying special attention to the challenges and benefits associated with different insurance mixes. The analysis identifies strengths as well as areas where private health insurance might pose challenges to health system performance. This report shows how governments can help ensure that PHI markets make a positive contribution to the performance of health systems. Examples of useful practices for developing more efficient and equitable health insurance markets are also presented.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107687
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les flux mondiaux de connaissances et le développement économique
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Global knowledge flows are becoming a key driver of economic development. How can countries develop effective policies to reap benefits? This report aims to answer this question and highlights these key areas: promoting cross-border alliances involving firms and universities; simulating knowledge transfers from foreign direct investment ventures; attracting highly-skilled workers from overseas and creating vibrant innovation systems. This book, published in collaboration with Scottish Enterprise, is for policy makers, practitioners and academics.
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