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  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (42)
  • 1985-1989  (13)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (55)
  • Language and languages—Philosophy.  (55)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 394 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 239
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Mathematical logic. ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book contains seminal discussions of central issues in the philosophy of language, mathematics, mind, religion and time. Is common language conceptually prior to idiolectics? What is a theory of meaning? Does constructivism provide a satisfactory account of mathematics? What are indefinitely extensible concepts? Can we change the past? These are only some of the very important questions addressed here. Both the papers written by the contributors and Dummett's replies provide a great wealth of stimulating ideas for those who currently do research in the respective areas touched upon without making the reading exceedingly tedious. This feature, common to most of the papers in this book, makes it possible to use the material presented in undergraduate courses at university level
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789401720410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 448 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 241
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Professor Donald Davidson is one of the most innovative and influential recent philosophers. Ranging over a variety of topics in the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and epistemology, his system of thought is unified by his inquiries into the nature of interpretation and understanding the speech and behavior of others. Together with its introduction, Language, Mind and Epistemology examines Davidson's unified stance towards philosophy by joining American and European authors within a collection of essays, published here for the first time. The authors discuss the central topics in Davidson's latest philosophy: his holistic truth-theoretic stance towards meaning and understanding, the epistemology of interpretation and translation, the externalist viewpoint in epistemology, the anti-Cartesian approach in accounting for first person authority, the thesis of anomalous monism, and the holistic conception of the mental
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  • 3
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 263 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 238
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Metaphor is one of the most frequently evoked but at the same time most poorly understood concepts in philosophy and literary theory. In recent years, several interesting approaches to metaphor have been presented or outlined. In this volume, authors of some of the most important new approaches re-present their views or illustrate them by means of applications, thus allowing the reader to survey some of the prominent ongoing developments in this field. These authors include Robert Fogelin, Susan Haack, Jaakko Hintikka (with Gabriel Sandu), Bipin Indurkhya and Eva Kittay (with Eric Steinhart). Their stance is in the main constructive rather than critical; but frequent comparisons of different views further facilitate the reader's overview. In the other contributions, metaphor is related to the problems of visual representation (Noël Carroll), to the open class test (Avishai Margalit and Naomi Goldblum) as well as to Wittgenstein's idea of `a way of life' (E.M. Zemach)
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401583138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 220 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 240
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume is a collection of essays in appreciation, analysis and honor of Paul Ziff, one of the leading American philosophers of the post-World War II period. The essays address questions that loomed large in Ziff's own work. Essays by Zeno Vendler, Jay Rosenberg, and Tom Patton address topics in philosophy of language: understanding, misunderstanding, rules, regularities, and proper names. Michael Resnik examines the nature of numbers, Rita Nolan addresses `mutant predicates', and Peter Alexander discusses microscopes and corpuscles. Douglas C. Long ruminates on Ziff's claim that machines can neither think nor feel. The essays of Dale Jamieson, Bill E. Lawson, Douglas Dempster, and Joseph Ullian address various questions in aesthetics: aesthetic appreciation and morality, expression, the scope of appreciation, and the aesthetics of sport. In the spirit of Ziff, Douglas Stalker criticizes some of the `mush' that looms large in our intellectual lives. The volume begins with a reminiscence by Paul Benacerraf, and ends with selections from an unpublished volume of plays by Paul Ziff. The volume should appeal to anyone whose work has been influenced by Ziff, or is interested in central philosophical problems concerning language, mind, and art
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  • 5
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582735
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 367 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 228
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    Keywords: Mathematics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Poland has played an enormous role in the development of mathematical logic. Leading Polish logicians, like Lesniewski, Lukasiewicz and Tarski, produced several works related to philosophical logic, a field covering different topics relevant to philosophical foundations of logic itself, as well as various individual sciences. This collection presents contemporary Polish work in philosophical logic which in many respects continue the Polish way of doing philosophical logic. This book will be of interest to logicians, mathematicians, philosophers, and linguists
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789401583114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 614 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 236
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This collection of 38 papers gives a cross-section of ongoing research in philosophy of science and philosophical logic. The papers, written by active researchers in the field and published here for the first time, are drawn from around 650 papers that were contributed to the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala, Sweden, 1991. Some of the speakers whose contributions attracted special interest were invited to contribute their papers to this volume. A few papers appear here more or less as they were presented at the Congress, whereas others are expansions or elaborations of the talks given. There is one section with five papers on philosophical logic. The other papers deal with many different aspects of philosophy of science, including general methodological questions, problems of probability, induction and decision theory, and ethics of science and technology, as well as foundational problems about particular sciences. Five special sections are concerned with logic, mathematics and computer science, the physical sciences, the biological sciences, cognitive science, and linguistics, respectively. Finally, there is one section on the history of logic, methodology and philosophy of science. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science and logicians, as well as to all researchers interested in the foundations of their disciplines
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401583343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 284 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 237
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: At the turn of the century, Gottlob Frege and Edmund Husserl both participated in the discussion concerning the foundations of logic and mathematics. Since the 1960s, comparisons have been made between Frege's semantic views and Husserl's theory of intentional acts. In quite recent years, new approaches to the two philosophers' views have appeared. This collection of articles opens with the first English translation of Dagfinn Føllesdal's early classic on Husserl and Frege of 1958. The book brings together a number of new contributions by well-known authors and gives a survey of recent developments in the field. It shows that Husserl's thought is coming to occupy a central role in the philosophy of logic and mathematics, as well as in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science. The work is primarily meant for philosophers, especially for those working on the problems of language, logic, mathematics, and mind. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced courses in philosophy
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  • 8
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401582919
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 331 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Comparative Literature ; Germanic languages ; Romance languages ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Negation, Critical Theory, and Postmodern Textuality features 14 new essays by leading specialists in critical theory, comparative literature, philosophy, and English literature. The essays, which present wide-ranging historical considerations of negation in light of recent developments in poststructuralism and postmodernism, range over many of the siginificant texts in which negation figures prominently. The book includes a wide-ranging introductory chapter that examines how attention to negation -- the inescapable nescience that is posited in any and every linguistic expression -- enhances the hermeneutic possibilities present in language. In addition, the four sections of the book bring together major critical interventions on, among others, negative meaning, unrecognizability, elenctic negation, apocalypse, nihilism, negation and gender, and denegation. All the essays involve close attention to key texts by major authors, including William Shakespeare, Henry James, Federico García Lorca, Samuel Beckett, Thomas Bernhard, Walt Whitman, E.M. Forster, Mary Shelley, Margaret Atwood, Roland Barthes, Douglas Barbour, Paul de Man, bp Nichol, Jacques Derrida, and Dogen Kigen. The volume opens up new areas in critical theory, comparative literature, and the philosophy of language, and defines a major new area of inquiry in relation to notions of postmodern textuality. Critical theorists, students of comparative literature, English literature, and the history of ideas, and those interested in the hermeneutic implications of postmodernism will find this volume of substantial interest. Its extensive bibliographical apparatus and index make the collection a valuable reference tool for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students as well as for those seeking a variety of interpretive approaches to the problem of negation in literature
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789401107747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 420 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 234
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Statistics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Patrick Suppes is a philosopher and scientist whose contributions range over probability and statistics, mathematical and experimental psychology, the foundations of physics, education theory, the philosophy of language, measurement theory, and the philosophy of science. He has also been a pioneer in the area of computer assisted instruction. In each of these areas, Suppes has provided seminal ideas that in some cases led to shaping the direction of research in the field. The papers contained in this collection were commissioned with the mandate of advancing research in their respective fields rather than retrospectively surveying the contributions that Suppes himself has made. The authors form an interesting mixture of researchers in both formal philosophy of science and science itself all of whom have been inspired by his ideas. To maintain the spirit of constructive dialogue that characterizes Suppes's intellectual style, he has written individual responses to each article. In Volume 1: Probability and Probabilistic Causality, nineteen distinguished philosophers and scientists focus their attention on probabilistic issues. In Part I the contributors explore axiomatic representations of probability theory including qualitative and interval valued probabilities as well as traditional point valued probabilities. Belief structures and the dynamics of belief are also treated in detail. In Part II the rapidly growing field of probabilistic causation is assessed from both formal and empirical viewpoints. For probability theorists, statisticians, economists, philosophers of science, psychologists and those interested in the foundations of mathematical social science. In Volume 2: Philosophy of Physics, Theory Structure, and Measurement Theory, fifteen distinguished philosophers and scientists cover a wide variety of topics. Part III covers issues in quantum theory, geometry, classical mechanics, and computational physics. Part IV explores Suppes's well known set-theoretic account of scientific theories which has served him well throughout his career. Suppes's contributions to measurement theory have been widely used in mathematical psychology and elsewhere, and this material is the subject of Part V. For physicists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sicence, and philosophers of science. In Volume 3: Philosophy of Language and Logic, Learning and Action Theory, fourteen distinguished philosophers and scientists explore issues in the philosophy of languag ...
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401109369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 53
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Part I of this book presents a theory of modal metaphysics in the possible-worlds tradition. `Worlds' themselves are understood as structured sets of properties; this `Ersatzist' view is defended against its most vigorous competitors, Meinongianism and David Lewis' theory of existent concrete worlds. Related issues of essentialism and linguistic reference are explored. Part II takes up the question of lexical meaning in the context of possible-world semantics. There are skeptical analyses of analyticity and the notion of a logical constant; and an `infinite polysemy' thesis is defended. The book will be of particular interest to metaphysicians, possible-world semanticists, philosophers of language, and linguists concerned with lexical semantics
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789401720182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 390 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 230
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Never before, in any anthology, have contemporary epistemologists and philosophers of language come together to address the single most neglected important issue at the confluence of these two branches of philosophy, namely: Can we know facts from reliable reports? Besides Hume's subversive discussion of miracles and the literature thereon, testimony has been bypassed by most Western philosophers; whereas in classical Indian (Pramana) theories of evidence and knowledge philosophical debates have raged for centuries about the status of word-generated knowledge. `Is the response "I was told by an expert on the subject" as respectable as "I saw" or "I inferred" in answer to "How do you know?"' is a question answered in diverse and subtle ways by Buddhists, Vaisesikas and Naiyayikas. For the first time this book makes available the riches of those debates, translating from Sanskrit some contemporary Indian Pandits' reactions to Western analytic accounts of meaning and knowledge. For advanced undergraduates in philosophy, for researchers - in Australia, Asia, Europe or America - on epistemology, theory of meaning, Indian or comparative philosophy, as well as for specialists interested in this relatively fresh topic of knowledge transmission and epistemic dependence this book will be a feast. After its publication analytic philosophy and Indian philosophy will have no excuse for shunning each other
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  • 12
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581981
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 239 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 18
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Logic ; Administrative law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: Law is traditionally conceived as consisting of norms of conduct and power-conferring norms. This conception, however, is unable to account for a variety of elements of modern legal systems that differ significantly from the classical notions. This book concerns the problem of which results of human activity can obtain legal validity. The author makes use of recent findings in speech act theory, especially John R. Searle and Daniel Vanderveken's illocutionary logic. He sets out a theory of legal norms conceived as institutional legal facts resulting from performances of speech acts specified in power-conferring norms. The theory provides a classification of acts-in-the-law and of legal norms resulting from performances of these. Finally, the transition is made from institutional legal facts to legal institutions. The book is a contribution to the institutional theory of law as developed by N. MacCormick and O. Weinberger
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  • 13
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401117159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 455 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 50
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Humanities ; Logic ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse presents a novel framework and analysis of the ways we refer to abstract objects in natural language discourse. The book begins with a typology of abstract objects and related entities like eventualities. After an introduction to `bottom up, compositional' discourse representation theory (DRT) and to previous work on abstract objects in DRT (notably work on the semantics of the attitudes), the book turns to a semantic analysis of eventuality and abstract object denoting nominals in English. The book then substantially revises and extends the dynamic semantic framework of DRT to develop an analysis of anaphoric reference to abstract objects and eventualities that exploits discourse structure and the discourse relations that obtain between elements of the structure. A dynamic, semantically based theory of discourse structure (SDRT) is proposed, along with many illustrative examples. Two further chapters then provide the analysis of anaphoric reference to propositions VP ellipsis. The abstract entity anaphoric antecedents are elements of the discourse structures that SDRT develops. The final chapter discusses some logical and philosophical difficulties for a semantic analysis of reference to abstract objects. For semanticists, philosophers of language, computer scientists interested in natural language applications and discourse, philosophical logicians, graduate students in linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science and artificial intelligence
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401581615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 285 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 51
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Metaphysics ; Comparative linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: The Language of Propositions and Events offers a comprehensive theory of the relation between noun meaning and verb meaning. Two main theses are defended in this book. The first thesis is that an adequate account of the interpretation and distribution of nominals calls for a distinction between three types of entities in the domain of discourse: events, propositions, and states of affairs. It is argued that different types of nominals differ in their ability to denote entities of these types and that predicates differ in their ability to select for them. The second main thesis is that an adequate characterization of the relation between noun meaning and verb meaning can be given by taking account of the fact that situations may stand in the part of relation. Kratzer's semantics of situations is the basis for this analysis of nominalization. Moreover, the book addresses the issue of the argument structure of nominals and offers an analysis of the puzzling distribution of infinito sostantivato in Italian. For graduate students in semantics and syntax, theoretical linguists, philosophers of language, students of Romance linguistics
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  • 15
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401737128
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 273 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Yearbook of Morphology
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    Keywords: Phonology ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology.
    Abstract: Recent years have seen a revival of interest in morphology. The Yearbook of Morphology series supports and enforces this upswing of morphological research and gives an overview of the current issues and debates at the heart of this revival. The Yearbook of Morphology 1993 focuses on prosodic morphology, i.e. the interaction between morphological and prosodic structure, on the semantics of word formation, and on a number of related issues in the realm of inflection: the structure of paradigms, the relation between inflection and word formation, and patterns of language change with respect to inflection. There is also discussion of the relevance of the notion `level ordering' for morphological generalizations. All theoretical and historical linguists, morphologists, and phonologists will want to read this volume
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  • 16
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401125000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 141
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 141
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is a collection of papers on philosophy of science, conceptual history of science, and sociology of science written by Taiwanese scholars. It is perhaps one of the best, written by Taiwanese, in all Chinese-speaking societies. Some works in it show Orientals study topics that are typically Western philosophy of science. Others show how traditional topics in the history of Chinese science (mathematics, optics, and geology) could be studied with high sensitivity to the philosophy and sociology of science. It also touches upon issues of the `autonomous' development of social sciences in Taiwan, a society whose academic researches are greatly influenced by the West. This collection will prove stimulating and valuable to general and scholarly readers alike who are interested in philosophy and history of science, especially as related to East Asia and the West. The book will interest scholars in philosophy of science, philosophy of language and psychology, studies of philosophy of science in the third world, history of Chinese science, history of science in East Asia, and history of mathematics
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789401119962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 123 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 3
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences ; History ; Comparative literature. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Passions of Rhetoric reveals Lessing's contribution to the history of rhetoric and his participation in the long-standing debate between philosophy and rhetoric. - Attempts a reassessment of the importance of rhetoric to argumentation in the 18th century. - Establishes that Lessing developed his own views on rhetoric and argumentation and that these views were opposed to the anti-rhetorical position of other 18th century intellectuals, including Kant. - The few treatments of Lessing's polemical writings that have appeared in the last few years concentrate on the practice of rhetoric and not on Lessing's own views on language and argument. Moore's work, on the other hand, combines both an interest in style of argument and the philosophy which informs it, a rich tradition going back to the ancient Greeks. The book is required reading for students of European rhetoric, 18th century German critical writing, 18th century polemics on theatre and theology. All quotations in German have been translated into English to inform a wider audience
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  • 18
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401737104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 294 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Yearbook of Morphology
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    Keywords: Phonology ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology.
    Abstract: A revival of interest in morphology has taken place during recent years and the subject is seen now as a relatively autonomous subdiscipline of linguistics. As one of the important areas of theoretical research in formal linguistics, morphology has attracted linguists to investigate its relations to syntax, semantics, phonology, psycholinguistics and language change. The aim of the Yearbook of Morphology, therefore, is to support and enforce the upswing of morphological research and to give an overview of the current issues and debates at the heart of this revival
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  • 19
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 313 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1993], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 1
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 1
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Development is the first Yearbook of the Vienna Circle Institute, which was founded in October 1991. The book contains original contributions to an international symposium which was the first public event to be organised by the Institute: `Vienna--Berlin--Prague: The Rise of Scientific Philosophy: The Centenaries of Rudolf Carnap, Hans Reichenbach and Edgar Zilsel.' The first section of the book - `Scientific Philosophy - Origins and Developments' reveals the extent of scientific communication in the inter-War years between these great metropolitan centres, as well as presenting systematic investigations into the relevance of the heritage of the Vienna Circle to contemporary research and philosophy. This section offers a new paradigm for scientific philosophy, one which contrasts with the historiographical received view of logical empiricism. Support for this re-evaluation is offered in the second section, which contains, for the first time in English translation, Gustav Bergmann's recollections of the Vienna Circle, and an historical study of political economist Wilhelm Neurath, Otto Neurath's father. The third section gives a report on current computer-based research which documents the relevance of Otto Neurath's `Vienna method of pictorial statistics', or `Isotypes'. A review section describes new publications on Neurath and the Vienna Circle, as well anthologies relevant to Viennese philosophy and its history, setting them in their wider cultural and political perspective. Finally, a description is given of the Vienna Circle Institute and its activities since its foundation, as well as of its plans for the future
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789401730662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 462 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 224
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Semantics ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This treatise, in its first part, moves from a consideration of behavior and ulterance through a definition of assertion as a kind of utterance to a consideration of statements, conceived of as products of assertion, to be represented by pairs of testing procedures of verification and falsification. The treatise, in its second part, identifies a small number of basic forms of testing procedures, affiliated to the syncategoremata of classical philosophy, and uses these to represent all distinguishable, humanly producible, forms of statement. This same apparatus is used, in the third part of the treatise, to explain our conception of an object of reference and of various constructions from such objects. Particular attention is given to bodies and to other things met with in space and time, where it is finally argued that bodies, as we have explained them, are our most fundamental objects of reference
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401127516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 297 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's Vaiyakarana-bhusana is a massive work on semantic theory written in India in the 17th century. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta belonged to the tradition of Sanskrit grammar and in this work he consolidated the philosophy of language developed in the Paninian tradition of Sanskrit grammar. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's work takes account of the philosophical debate which occurred in classical and medieval India among the philosophers and grammarians from about 500 B.C. to the 17th century A.D. Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's work primarily represents this debate between the traditions of Sanskrit grammar, Mi&mdotu;amsa, and Nyaya-Vaisesika. It discusses ontological, epistemological, and exegetical issues concerning the notion of meaning as it relates to the various components of language. The present book is a heavily annotated translation of the Namartha-nirnaya section of Kaun&ddotu;abhatta's Vaiyakarana-bhusana, with an extensive introduction. While there are several books that discuss Indian semantic theories in general terms, this book belongs to a small class of intensive, focused studies of densely written philosophical texts which examines each argument in its historical and philosophical context. It is of interest to all students of philosophy of language in general, and to students of Indian philosophy in particular
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401719803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 480 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 15
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Humanities ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: This book contains articles on the theory, acquisition and processing of island constraints. The book is unique in taking an interdisciplinary approach to a syntactic phenomenon that has been at the center of linguistic debates since the 1960s. Both transformational and non-transformational approaches to island constraints are represented. The papers in the volume show how data from empirical studies of the role of island constraints in processing and acquisition by normals and by special populations can contribute to our understanding of broad issues concerning the representation of linguistic structures in the mind, including the interplay between lexical, pragmatic and syntactic knowledge. In addition, they contribute vital data to specific on-going debates in processing and development, such as the emergence of movement rules in children's grammars and the temporal ordering of events in the analysis of discontinuous dependencies by the language processor. The papers in the volume exploit examples from a variety of languages and use a variety of experimental techniques to marshal arguments for specific models of the theory of island constraints and their deployment in real-time language acquisition and language processing
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401734257
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 10
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophers contributing new ideas are commonly caught within a received philosophical vocabulary and will often coin new, technical terms. Husserl understood himself as advancing a new theory of intentionality, and he fashioned the new vocabulary of `noesis' and `noema'. But Husserl's own statements regarding the noema are ambiguous. Hence, it is no surprise that controversy has ensued. The articles in this book elucidate and clarify the notion of the noema; the book includes articles which phenomenologically describe and analyze the noemata of various experiences as well as articles which undertake the `metaphenomenological' explication of the doctrine of the noema. These two enterprises cannot be isolated from one another. Any analysis of the noema of a particular type of experience will necessarily illustrate, at least by instantiating the general notion of noema. And any metaphenomenological account of the noema itself will guide particular researches into the noemata of particular experiences
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401126601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 180 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 221
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Anthropology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A volume of essays on the themes of tradition, oral communication versus literal communication, Wittgenstein, and computers. The later Wittgenstein is shown to be on the one hand a traditionalist, and on the other hand, along with Heidegger, a philosopher of postmodern -- secondary -- orality, yearning for bygone, premodern times -- the times of primary orality. Under conditions of primary orality traditions fulfilled the specific cognitive role of conserving information -- a role subsequently taken over by writing, and today by electronic data processing. The message of the volume is that the Western values of individuality and critical thinking are intimately bound up with the technology of writing. It offers arguments in favour of the standards and techniques of classical education even under conditions of, indeed as a foundation for, the emerging computer culture
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401722520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 457 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 13
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy of mind ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Many metaphors go beyond pionting to the existing similarities between two objects -- they create the similarities. Such metaphors, which have been relegated to the back seat in most of the cognitive science research, are the focus of attention in this study, which addresses the creation of similarity within an elaborately laid out interactive framework of cognition. Starting from the constructivist views of Nelson Goodman and Jean Piaget, this framework resolves an apparent paradox in interactionism: how can reality not have a mind-independent ontology and structure, but still manage to constrain the possible worlds a cognitive agent can create in it? A comprehensive theory of metaphor is proposed in this framework that explains how metaphors can create similarities, and why such metaphors are an invaluable asset to cognition. The framework is then applied to related issues of analogical reasoning, induction, and computational modeling of creative metaphors
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789401579599
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 337 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 48
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    Keywords: Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The grammatical phenomenon of control subsumes a variety of cases where an understood argument of a complement or adjunct clause is related to an explicit element occurring elsewhere in the sentence. The control phenomenon, though familiar from many languages, and widely discussed, has remained a persistent and controversial topic in grammatical analysis. This volume presents nine new, theoretical studies of control. The authors explore the subject matter across a range of languages and constructions, in several different frameworks, and from a variety of perspectives including syntax, semantics, psycholinguistics and historical linguistics. The articles in this collection offer a stimulating introduction to the spectrum of issues in control theory and their bearing on theoretical linguistics today. The contributors include: Steven Franks, Kenneth Hale, James Higginbotham, Norbert Hornstein, James Huang, Pauline Jacobson, Brian Joseph, Howard Lasnik, Kenneth Wexler, and Edwin Williams
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789401131742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 431 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 131
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 131
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: One -- 1 / On the Objects of Our Subjective Knowledge -- 2 / Human Knowledge and Human Interaction -- 3 / Indeterminacy of Translation: A Non-Quinean Function of Content-Indeterminacy -- 4 / On the Impossibility of any Enterprise Concerning Self-Knowledge within Traditional Epistemology -- Two -- 5 / Methodological Essentialism in Science and in Philosophy -- 6 / Of Variance and Invariance in Science: Empirical Science as an Enterprise ComprisingNFCPSSystems -- 7 / Falsifiability and Methodological Invariance in Science -- 8 / The Methodology of Theory-Problem Interactive Systems -- 9 / The Resolving Power of a Scientific Theory as a Basis of its Epistemic Appraisal -- 10 / Epilogue -- Notes -- Index of Symbols -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: For a philosopher with an abiding interest in the nature of objective knowledge systems in science, what could be more important than trying to think in terms of those very subjects of such knowledge to which men like Galileo, Newton, Max Planck, Einstein and others devoted their entire lifetimes? In certain respects, these systems and their structures may not be beyond the grasp of a linguistic conception of science, and scientific change, which men of science and philosophy have advocated in various forms in recent times. But certainly it is wrong-headed to think that one's conception of science can be based on an identification of its theories with languages in which they may be, my own alternatively, framed. There may be more than one place in book (1983: 87) where they may seem to get confused with each other, quite against my original intentiens. The distinction between the objec­ tive knowledge systems in science and the dynamic frameworks of the languages of the special individual sciences, in which their growth can be embedded in significant ways, assumes here, therefore, much impor­ tance. It must be recognized that the problems concerning scientific change, which these systems undergo, are not just problems concerning language change.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789401133463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 335 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodolgy, and Philosophy of Science 216
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 216
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Aspects of the Theory of Definition -- I / Preliminary Considerations -- Real and Nominal Definitions -- Primitive Concepts: Habits, Conventions, and Laws -- II / Definitional Desiderata -- Vagueness and the Desiderata for Definition -- Definition in a Quinean World -- III / Formal Developments -- Definitions and Definability -- Towards a General Theory of Identifiability -- IV / Epistemic Dimensions -- Epistemic Terms and the Aims of Epistemology -- Rational Definitions and Defining Rationality -- V / Specialized Conceptions -- Idealized Definitions in Physics and Idealized Dispositions -- Inverted Definitions and Their Uses -- VI / Disciplinary Conceptions -- Definitions in Law -- Defining the Divine -- Philosophical Analyses: An Explanation and Defense -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789401132602
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 245 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 13
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: The Analogy between Logic and Dialogic of Law -- Analogy as Legal Reasoning - The Hermeneutic Foundation of the Analogical Procedure -- Milking the Meter - On Analogy, Universalizability and World Views -- The Function of Analogy in Law: Return to Kant and Wittgenstein -- Analogy in Legal Science: Some Comparative Observations -- Legal Analogy between Interpretive Arguments and Productive Arguments -- Legal Knowledge and Meaning (The Example of Legal Analogy) -- Analogical Reasoning and Legal Institutions -- Analogy in the Law.
    Abstract: 3 of law as an object that has always already been there, systematic and com­ plete. Quite the contrary. Some, indeed practically all of us, reject this sort of epistemology of law, and where the hypothesis of the coherence of the legal universe is put forward, this is in order to define it in very noticeably different terms from those traditionally used in legal scholarly accounts. If this referent, the law presented as a full discourses, runs through all of the contributions, this is because reasoning by analogy has to be found its specific place within this legal culture. It is the place to locate the problem of "lacunae" in law, which at bottom allows our various contributions to be classified. With Zaccaria and Maris, the question of lacunae is accepted as such (this is, we might say, the "traditionalist" aspect of these two articles, which is counterbalanced by - keeping to the same terminology - "modernist" emphases, sometimes Dworkinian in nature), and becomes the backdrop for considerations of purely hermeneutic type, in Zaccaria, ex­ tended in Maris to the field of ethics. The papers from Lenoble and Jackson, the former philosophical and the latter semiological, take as their main tar­ get this legal knowledge where the theory of lacunae finds its place.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401132442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 247 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 49
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 49
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On (the x) (x = Lambert) -- Five Easy Pieces -- The Cartesian Cogitos -- Undefined Definite Descriptions -- Maximum Entropy Updating and Conditionalization -- Leibniz on Ens and Existence -- Colours, Corners and Complexity: Meinong and Wittgenstein on Some Internal Relations -- Atomic Sentences as Singular Terms in Free Logic -- EPR-Situation and Bell’s Inequality -- On Being Spread Out in Time: Temporal Parts and the Problem of Change -- Stability and Chance -- A Reason for Explanation: Explanations Provide Stable Reasons -- The Systems of Plato and Aristotle Compared as to Their Contributions to Physics -- A Note on Aristotle’s Theory of Definition and Scientific Explanation -- Actualism, Free Logic and First-Order Supervaluations -- Bibliography Of Karel Lambert.
    Abstract: This collection of essays is dedicated to 'Joe' Karel Lambert. The contributors are all personally affected to Joe in some way or other, but they are definitely not the only ones. Whatever excuses there are - there are some -, the editors apologize to whomever they have neglected. But even so the collection displays how influential Karel Lambert has been, personally and through his teaching and his writings. The display is in alphabetical order - with one exception: Bas van Fraassen, being about the earliest student of Karel Lambert, opens the collection with some reminiscences. Naturally, one of the focal points of this volume is Lambert's logical thinking and (or: freed of) ontological thinking. Free logic is intimately connected with description theory. Bas van Fraassen gives a survey of the development of the area, and Charles Daniels points to difficulties with definite descriptions in modal contexts and stories. Peter Woodruff addresses the relation between free logic and supervaluation semantics, presenting a novel condition which recovers desirable metatheoretic properties for free logic under that semantics. Terence Parsons shows how free logic can be utilized in interpreting sentences as purporting to denote events (true ones succeed and false ones fail) and how this helps to understand natural language.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 199 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 46
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: 2: The Problem of Sentential Unity -- 2.1 The Asymmetry Thesis -- 2.2 The Related Designation Theory -- 2.3 The Two Views Compared -- 3: The Sense-Reference Distinction -- 3.1 The Sense-Reference Distinction -- 3.2 The Sense-Reference Distinction In Pr?bh?kara -- 3.3 The Sense-Reference Distinction In Buddhist Philosophy Of Language -- 3.4 Related Designation And apoha Semantics -- 4: Talk About the Non-Existent -- 4.1 Are Absences Perceived Or Inferred? -- 4.2 Conceptual Constructions -- 4.3 Affirmation, Denial, And Reference -- 4.4 Talking About The Non-Existent -- 4.5 Objections And Replies -- 4.6 The Alternatives -- References.
    Abstract: What can the philosophy of language learn from the classical Indian philosophical tradition? As recently as twenty or thirty years ago this question simply would not have arisen. If a practitioner of analytic philosophy of language of that time had any view of Indian philosophy at all, it was most likely to be the stereotyped picture of a gaggle of navel­ gazing mystics making vaguely Bradley-esque pronouncements on the oneness of the one that was one once. Much work has been done in the intervening years to overthrow that stereotype. Thanks to the efforts of such scholars as J. N. Mohanty, B. K. Matilal, and Karl Potter, philoso­ phers working in the analytic tradition have begun to discover something of the range and the rigor of classical Indian work in epistemolgy and metaphysics. Thus for instance, at least some recent discussions of personal identity reflect an awareness that the Indian Buddhist tradition might prove an important source of insights into the ramifications of a reductionist approach to personal identity. In philosophy of language, though, things have not improved all that much. While the old stereotype may no longer prevail among its practitioners, I suspect that they would not view classical Indian philoso­ phy as an important source of insights into issues in their field. Nor are they to be faulted for this.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 241 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemolog Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: “Ma vie en bref” -- “Indeterminism or Instability, Does It Matter?” -- “Covariance and the Non-Preference of Coordinate Systems” -- “Kant’s ‘Platonic’ Argument in Behalf of the A Priori Character of the Representation of Space” -- “The Sense of the A Priori Method in Leibniz’s Dynamics” -- “Méthode axiomatique et idée de système dans l’oeuvre de Jules Vuillemin” -- “Algebra, Constructibility, and the Indeterminate” -- “On Whether an Answer to a Why-Question Is an Explanation If and Only If It Yields Scientific Understanding” -- “Some Revisionary Proposals About Belief and Believing” -- “Quantification, Modality, and Semantic Ascent” -- “Temporal Necessity, Time and Ability: a philosophical commentary on Diodorus Cronus’ Master Argument as given in the interpretation of Jules Vuillemin” -- “Replies” -- List of the Publications of Jules Vuillemin, 1947–1989.
    Abstract: Deservedly so, Jules Vuillemin is widely respected and greatly admired. It is not simply that he has produced a large body of outstanding work, in many different areas of philosophy. Or that he combines to an unusual degree rigorous standards with a very wide perspective. Or even that in his path-breaking accounts of algebra, of !)escartes, of Kant and of Russell, he showed in new and profound ways how the histories of science and philosophy could be used to illuminate each other. It is also that he has pursued the application of formal techniques and the defense of liberal institutions with a rare singlemindedness and courage. In a time and place where the former were generally ignored and the latter often attacked, he carried on, at some personal cost, embodying a traditional and ideal conception of the philosophical life, bridging national differences. Those who know him also treasure his friendship. Always curious, he delights in new facts and new experiences, and continually heightens the perception of those around him. Almost yearly, at the College de France he introduced brand new courses always with fresh and fruitful inSights. Exceptionally solicitous, he follows the lives of the families around him in great detail. The devotion of his students is legend. His personal energy is also legend. Many of us have followed him bounding up the stairs two at a time or through the gardens of the Luxembourg, his wit and irony apace.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789401134941
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 202 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Reason and Argument 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I—Puzzles Problems and Paradoxes -- One Conceptions of Vagueness -- 2 Linguistic Behaviour -- 3 Approaches to Vagueness -- II—The Sorites Paradox -- 4 The Paradox -- 5 Responses to the Paradox -- 6 A Solution to the Paradox -- 7 Further Problems and Puzzles -- 8 Vagueness and Perception -- 9 Conclusions.
    Abstract: This work is in two parts. It began as a general investigation of vagueness in natural languages. The Sorites Paradox came to dominate the work however, and the second part of the book consists in an discussion ofthat puzzle and related problems. The first part contains a general discussion ofthe nature ofvagueness and its sources. I discuss various conceptions of vagueness in chapter 1 and outline some of the problems to do with the conception of vagueness as a linguistic phenomenon. The most interesting of these is the Sorites paradox, which occurs where natural languages exhibit a particular variety of borderline case vagueness. I discuss some sources of vagueness of the borderline case variety, and views of the relation between linguistic behaviour and languages which are vague in this sense. I argue in chapter 2 that these problems are not to be easily avoided by statistical averaging techniques or attempts to provide a mathematical model of consensus in linguistic usage. I also consider in chapter 3 various approaches to the problem of providing an adequate logic and semantics for vague natural languages, and argue against two currently popular approaches to vagueness. These are supervaluation accounts which attempt to provide precise semantic models for vague languages based on the notion of specification spaces, and attempts to replace the laws ofclassical logic with systems offuzzy logic.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789401137386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 130 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On Truth -- Introduction: Logical Values -- I. The Nature of Truth -- II. The Coherence Theory of Truth -- III. Judgment -- IV. Knowledge and Opinion -- V. Judgment and Time -- Appendix I: Older Draft Versions -- Introductory -- I. The Nature of Truth -- II. The Coherence Theory of Truth -- III. Judgment -- V. Judgment and Time -- Appendix II: Supplemental Material -- 1. The Nature of Proportions (1921) -- 2. “On Justifying Induction”: Paper to the Society (1922) -- 3. “The Long and Short of It” -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The present publication forms part of a projected book that F. P. Ramsey drafted but never completed. It survived among his papers and ultimately came into the possession of the University of Pittsburgh in the circumstances detailed in the Editor's Introduction. Our hope in issuing this work at this stage - some sixty years after Ramsey's premature death at the age of 26 - is both to provide yet another token of his amazing philosophical creativity, and also to make available an important datum for the still to be written history of the development of philosophical analysis. This is a book whose appearance will, we hope and expect, be appreciated both by those interested in linguistic philosophy itself and by those concerned for its historical development in the present century. EDITORS'INTRODUCTION 1. THE RAMSEY COLLECTION Frank Plump ton Ramsey (22 February 1903 -19 January 1930) was an extra­ ordinary scholarly phenomenon. Son of a distinguished mathematician and President of Magdalene College, Cambridge and brother of Arthur Michael, eventual Archbishop of Canterbury, Ramsey was closely connected with Cambridge throughout his life, ultimately becoming lecturer in Mathematics in the University. Notwithstanding his great mathematical talent, it was primarily logic and philosophy that engaged his interests, and he wrote original and important contributions to logic, semantics, epistomology, probability theory, philosophy of science, and economics, in addition to seminal work in the foundations of mathematics.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920897
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 214
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. On the Origin of the Philosophical Investigations -- 2. Language-Games as Context of Meaning -- 1. The psychological theory of meaning -- 2. Horizontal and vertical language-games -- 3. Agreement in Forms of Life -- 1. Internal relations -- 2. Justifications without end, end without justification.. -- 3. Forms of life and constitutive rules -- 4. My Mind: First Person Statements -- 1. Robinson Crusoe and private language -- 2. Four misleading analogies -- 3. Description of one’s inner -- 5. Other Minds: Third Person Statements -- 1. The asymmetry of observation and expression -- 2. The hidden inner -- 3. ‘Einstellung zur Seele’ -- 4. ‘Menschenkenntnis’ and indeterminacy -- 6. The Meaning of Aspects -- 1. ‘Meaning-theory’ versus ‘Gestalt-theory’ -- 2. Seeing-as and organization -- 3. Seeing-as and interpretation -- 4. Seeing and thinking -- 5. Secondary meaning and aspect -- 7. The Grammar of Psychological Concepts -- 1. Sensations and impressions -- 2. Emotions -- 3. Images and fancies -- 4. Inner states’ and expecting -- 5. Feelings of tendency -- 6. Willing -- 8. Conclusion: Wittgenstein and the Turing Test -- Appendix of German Quotations.
    Abstract: Wittgenstein's aphoristic style holds great charm, but also a great danger: the reader is apt to glean too much from a single fragment and too little from the fragments as a whole. In my first confron­ tations with the Philosophical Investigations I was such a reader, and so, it turned out, were most of the writers on Wittgenstein's later philosophy. Wittgenstein's remarkable ability to bring together many facets of his thought in one fragment is fully exploited in the critical literature; but hardly any attention is paid to the connection with other fragments, let alone to the many hitherto unpublished manuscripts of which the Philosophical Investigations is the final product. The result of this fragmentary and ahistorical approach to Wittgenstein's later work is a host of contradictory interpretations. What Wittgenstein really wanted to say remains insufficiently clear. Opinions are also strongly divided about the value of his work. Some authors have been encouraged by his aphorisms and rhetorical questions to dismiss the whole Cartesian tradition or to halt new movements in linguistics or psychology; others, exasperated, reject his philo­ sophy as anti-scientific conceptual conservatism. After consulting unpublished notebooks and manuscripts which Wittgenstein wrote between 1929 and 1951, I became a very different reader. Wittgenstein turned out to be a kind of Leonardo da Vinci, who pursued a form from which every sign of chisel­ ling, every attempt at improvement, had been effaced.
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  • 36
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920972
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 40
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophical self-portrait -- Review-article: T Kotarbi?ski’s Elements of the Theory of Knowledge, Formal Logic and Methodology of the Sciences -- Psychologism and the principle of relevance in semantics -- Names in Kotarbi?ski’s Elementy -- Consistent reism -- A note about reism -- Puzzles of existence -- On the dramatic stage in the development of Kotarbi?ski’s pansomatism -- Semantic reasons for ontological statements: the argumentation of a reist -- Philosophical and methodological foundations of Kotarbi?ski’s praxiology -- Kotarbi?ski’s theory of genuine names -- Kotarbi?ski’s theory of pseudo-names -- On the phases of reism -- Philosophy of the concrete -- Kotarbi?ski, many-valued logic, and truth -- Concerning reism -- The voice of the past in Kotarbi?ski’s writings -- References -- Index of names -- Index of subjects.
    Abstract: Tadeusz Kotarbinski is one of towering figures in contemporary Polish philosophy. He was a great thinker, a great teacher, a great organizer of philosophical and scientific life (he was, among others, the rector of the Uni versi ty of t6dz, the president of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the president of the International Institute of Philosophy), and, last but not least, a great moral authority. He died at the age of 96 on October 3, 1981. Kotarbinski was active in almost all branches of philosophy. He made many significant contributions to logic, semantics, ontology, epistemology, history of philosophy, and ethics. He created a new field, namely praxiology. Thus, using an ancient distinction, he contributed to theoretical as well as practical philoso~hy. Kotarbinski regarded praxiology as his major philosophical "child". Doubtless, praxiology belongs to practical philosophy. This collection, howewer, is mainly devoted to Kotarbinski' s theoretical philosophy. Reism - Kotarbinski' s fundamental idea of ontology and semantics - is the central topic of most papers included here; even Pszczolowski' s essay on praxiology considers its ontological basis. ,Only two papers, namely that of Zarnecka-Bialy and that of Wolenski, are not linked with reism. However, both fall under the general label "Kotarbinski: logic, semantics and ontology". The collection partly consists of earlier published papers.
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  • 37
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921399
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 41
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    Keywords: Linguistics Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Multiple Indexing -- 1 A basic intensional language -- 2 ‘Now’ and ‘then’ -- 3 ‘Actually’ -- 4 Indices and world variables -- 5 Mediated relations -- 6 A second-order treatment -- II Ontological Commitment -- 7 Possibilist quantification -- 8 Possibilities -- 9 Intersentential operators -- 10 Substitutional quantification -- 11 Modality and supervenience -- 12 Counterpart theory -- III Indexical Quantification -- 13 Generalized quantifiers -- 14 Quantifiers as indexical operators -- 15 Time and world quantifiers -- 16 Context and indices.
    Abstract: In ordinary discourse we appear to ta1k about many things that have seemed mysterious to philosophers. We say that there has been a hitch in our arrangements or that the solution to the problem required us to examine all the probable outcomes of our action. So it would seem that we speak as if in addition to eloeks, mountains, queens and grains of sand there are hitches, arrangements, solutions, probiems, and probable outcomes. It is not immediately obvious when we must take such ta1k as really assuming that there are such to develop tests for things, and one of the tasks in this book is discerning what has eome to be called ontological commitment, in naturallanguage. Among the entities that natural language appears to make reference to are those connected with temporal and modal discourse, times, possibilities, and so on. Such entities play a crueial role in the kind of semantieal theories that I and others have defended over many years. These theories are based on the idea that an essential part of the meaning of a sentence is constituted by the conditions under whieh that sentenee is true. To know what a sentence says is to know what the world would have to be !ike for that sentence to be true.
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  • 38
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 49
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: 1: Approaches to Natural Language -- 1. Sentences and Saying -- 2. Saying and Semantics -- 3. Saving Sentences, and What Is Said -- 4. Sentences and Propositions -- 2: Indexicality -- 1. Indexical Expressions -- 2. Some Examples -- 3. Too Many Indexicals? -- 4. The Eliminability of Indexicals -- 5. Russell’s Theory of Descriptions -- 3: Alternate Approaches -- 1. The Role of Context -- 2. Donnellan, Sentence Meaning and Speaker Meaning -- 3. The Demonstrative ’The’ -- 4: Prolegomenon to a Theory of Speaker Reference -- 1. Two Approaches to Reference -- 2. Desiderata For A Theory of Speaker References -- 3. The Causal Theory -- 4. A Further Constraint -- 5: Speaker Reference -- 1. Two Unsatisfactory Intention-Based Views -- 2. A Fresh Start -- 3. Objections to the Sufficiency of the Conditions -- 4. Objections to the Necessity of the Conditions -- 5. Utterances Involving More Than One Hearer, and in the Absence of An Audience -- 6: Predication, and What is Said -- 1. Speaker Predication -- 2. A Theory of Speaker Predication -- 3. What Is Said -- 4. An Objection -- 5. Brevity and Sentence Fragments -- 6. Unusual But Important Cases -- 7: Concerning Fiction and Fictions -- 1. What Is To Be Explained -- 2. How Not To Explain It -- 3. A Better Explanation -- 4. Some Complications Concerning Fictions -- 8: Further Implications -- 1. Epistemology and the Philosophy of Language -- 2. Methodological Solipsism -- 3. The Intentional Fallacy, and Deconstruction -- 4. What If This Is All Wrong? -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The notion of what someone says is, perhaps surprisingly, some­ what less clear than we might be entitled to expect. Suppose that I utter to my class the sentence 'I want you to write a paper reconciling the things Russell claims about propositions in The Philosophy of Mathematics for next week'. A student who was unable to get up in time for class that day asks another what I said about the assignment. Several replies are in the offing. One, an oratio recta or direct speech report, is 'He said, "I want you to write a paper reconciling the things Russell claims about propositions in The Philosophy of Mathematics for next week. '" Another, an oratio obliqua or indirect speech report, consists in the response 'He said that he wants us to write a paper reconciling . . . '. Yet another, reflecting a perhaps accurate estimate of the task involved, editorializes: 'He said he wants us to do the impossible'. Or, aware of both this and my quaint custom of barring those who have not successfully completed the assignment from the classroom, one might retort 'He said he doesn't want to meet next week'. Since 'says' is construable in these various ways, it is at best unhelpful to write something like 'Alice said "Your paper is two days late", thereby saying that Tom's paper was two days late.
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  • 39
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400906396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 6
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Cogito and Hermeneutics -- 1. Hermeneutics in contemporary philosophy -- 2. Critique of the subject and interpretation of the cogito. Heidegger and Ricoeur -- 3. Ricoeur. Phenomenology of the will and “unquietness” of the Subject -- 4. Paradox and mediation in Ricoeur’s philosophical anthropology -- 5. Crisis of the Philosophie de l’esprit. Human sciences, “methodic” hermeneutics -- 6. The destruction of the illusions of consciousness. Psychoanalysis as language theory -- 7. The challenge of semiology and the phenomenology of language. The reinterpretation of phenomenology as language theory -- 8. Concrete reflexion and the intersubjectivity question. Towards a hermeneutics of the I am -- 9. “Originary Affirmation,” philosophies of negativity, problematics of the subject. Nabert and Thévenaz -- 10. Ricoeur and Heidegger. The cogito and hermeneutics -- II Text, Metaphor, Narrative -- 1. The history of hermeneutics. Text theory -- 2. Hermeneutic phenomenology -- 3. Living metaphor -- 4. Towards a poetics of freedom -- Afterword -- Time, sacrality, narrative: interview with Paul Ricoeur -- Abbreviations -- Notes -- Bibliographical note -- Index of names -- Index of subjects.
    Abstract: by Paul Ricoeur It is already a piece of good fortune to find oneself understood by a reader who is at once demanding and benevolent. It is an even greater fortune to be better understood by another than by one's own self. In effect, when I look back, I am rather struck by the discontinuity among my works, each of which takes on a specific problem and apparently has little more in common with its predecessor than the fact of having left an overflow of unanswered questions behind it as a residue. On the contrary, Domenico Jervolino's interpretation of my works, which extend over more than forty years, stresses their coherence, in spite of the gap in time between my present, soon to be issued work--Temps et Recit--and my first, Philosophie de la Volonte: Ie Volontaire et l'lnvolontaire. Our friend finds the principle of coherence first of all in the recurrence of a problem: the destiny of the idea of subjectivity, caught in the cross-fire between Nietzsche and Heidegger on one side and semiology, psychoanalysis and the critique of ideology on the other. He finds it likewise in the insistence on a method: the mediating role played by interpretation, mainly of texts, with regard to reflexion on self.
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  • 40
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920453
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: 1: Modularity in Underlying Structure -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 On Defining Grammatical Relations in a Modular Theory -- 1.3 What is a Lexical Entry? -- 1.4 The Organization of Argument Structure: the Thematic Hierarchy -- 1.5 Case Theory and the Lexicon -- 1.6 S and S?: Extended X-bar Theory and the Lexical Clause Hypothesis -- 1.7 Dominance, Precedence and Phrase Markers -- Notes -- 2: Syntactic Projection and Licensing -- 2.1 Preliminaries: Licensing, the UTAH, the Projection Principle and the Theta Criterion -- 2.2 X-bar Theory and the Projection of Heads -- 2.3 Licensing Non-head Daughters: Thematic Grids and Thematic Relations -- 2.4 Functional Categories and Licensing -- 2.5 Summary -- Notes -- 3: On Configurationality Parameters -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Parametric Variation in D-Structure Principles -- 3.3 What is a Nonconfigurational Language? -- 3.4 The Empirical Evidence for D-Structure Variation -- 3.5 Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- 4: Projection, Pronouns, and Parsing in Navajo Syntax -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 An Overview of Navajo Syntax and Morphology -- 4.3 Parsing, Null Arguments, and Grammatical Relations in Navajo -- 4.4 On Navajo Nominals as Adjuncts -- 4.5 Navajo Agreement and Incorporated Pronouns -- 4.6 Conclusion: Projection from the Lexicon in Navajo -- Notes -- 5: Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789400905054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Primary Sources in Phenomenology 3
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Brentano and Marty on Content: A Synthesis suggested by Brentano -- 1 Brentano’s Final View -- 2 Attribution in Modo Recto and in Modo Obliquo -- 3 Object and Content -- 4 Other Intentional Attitudes -- 5 Immanent Objects and Transcendent Objects -- 6 Conclusion -- Marty’s Philosophical Grammar -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Descriptive Psychology of Meaning: Linguistic Functions -- 3 Propositions Show What would be the Case were they True -- 4 Vagueness -- 5 Meaning Change, Inner Form and Universals -- 6 Marty and Wittgenstein: Two Conceptions of Philosophical Grammar -- Meaning and Expression: Marty and Grice on Intentional Semantics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Philosophy of Language as a General Theory -- 3 Natural and Non-Natural Meaning -- 4 Primary and Secondary Intentions -- 5 Auto-Semantic Language Devices -- 6 Conclusion -- Marty on Form and Content in Language -- 1 Inner Speech Form in some of Marty’s Early Works -- 2 Logic, Grammar and Psychology -- 3 Form and Content in Marty’s Later Works -- 4 Some Fundamental Tenets of Universal Grammar -- Why a Proper Name has a Meaning: Marty and Landgrebe vs. Kripke -- 1 Preliminaries -- 2 Kripke’s View -- 3 The Question of the Semantic Status of Proper Names -- 4 Meaning and Lexical Meaning -- 5 Reference and Meaning in Marty -- 6 Ambiguity and Vagueness -- 7 Landgrebe’s Solution -- 8 Conclusion -- The Categorical and the Thetic Judgement Reconsidered -- 1 Marty and Transformational Grammar -- 2 Categorical and Thetic Judgements -- 3 Reinterpreting the Categorical-Thetic Distinction -- 4 Conclusion -- Classical and Modern Work on Universals: The Philosophical Background and Marty’s Contribution -- 1 Categories of Meaning vs. Categories of Expression -- 2 Relativism and Colour -- 3 Natural Non-Absolute Universals -- Marty and Magnus on Colours -- Brentano and Marty: An Inquiry into Being and Truth -- 1 Aristotle and Brentano -- 2 Existence and Reality -- 3 Bases and Operations -- 4 Collectives are Non-Real -- 5 Relations are Non-Real -- 6 Space is Non-Real -- 7 States of Affairs are Non-Real -- 8 On the Origins of our Concepts of Existence and Truth -- 9 A Correspondence Theory of Intentionality -- 10 The Ontology of Truth -- 11 Wertverhalte or Value-Contents -- 12 A Postscript on Martian Aesthetics -- Marty on Grounded Relations -- Marty on Time -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tasks of a Philosophy of Time -- 3 Marty on the Ontology of Time -- 4 Marty on the Consciousness of Time -- 5 Conclusion -- Marty’s Theory of Space -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Marty’s Two Basic Metaphysical Theses -- 3 A Sketch of Marty’s Argument -- 4 Conclusion -- Judgement-Contents -- 1 Preliminary Remark -- 2 Conceptual Framework -- 3 Marty’s Judgement-Contents -- 4 Comments -- 5 Final Remark -- of Consciousness and States of Affairs: Daubert and Marty -- 1 Phenomenologists and Brentanists -- 2 Marty on Subjectless Sentences -- 3 Daubert’s Discussion of Marty -- 4 Shortcomings in Marty -- 5 Marty’s Theory in Phenomenological Perspective -- Marty and the Lvov-Warsaw School -- Two Letters from Marty to Husserl -- A Bibliography of Works by and on Anton Marty -- 1 Works by Marty -- 2 Works on Marty -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 42
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922136
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (692p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 30
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Elementary set theory accustoms the students to mathematical abstraction, includes the standard constructions of relations, functions, and orderings, and leads to a discussion of the various orders of infinity. The material on logic covers not only the standard statement logic and first-order predicate logic but includes an introduction to formal systems, axiomatization, and model theory. The section on algebra is presented with an emphasis on lattices as well as Boolean and Heyting algebras. Background for recent research in natural language semantics includes sections on lambda-abstraction and generalized quantifiers. Chapters on automata theory and formal languages contain a discussion of languages between context-free and context-sensitive and form the background for much current work in syntactic theory and computational linguistics. The many exercises not only reinforce basic skills but offer an entry to linguistic applications of mathematical concepts. For upper-level undergraduate students and graduate students in theoretical linguistics, computer-science students with interests in computational linguistics, logic programming and artificial intelligence, mathematicians and logicians with interests in linguistics and the semantics of natural language
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  • 43
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925939
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 197 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 202
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Foreword — The Modernity of Rhetoric -- Formal Logic and Informal Logic -- Logic and Argumentation -- To Reason While Speaking -- Organization and Articulation of Verbal Exchanges: Question-Response Exchange in Polemical Contexts -- Argumentativity and Informativity -- Saying and Knowing -- Dialectic, Rhetoric and Critique in Aristotle -- Toward an Anthropology of Rhetoric -- Rhetoric-Poetics-Hermeneutics -- Rhetoric and Literature -- The Figure and the Argument -- Rhetoric and Politics.
    Abstract: by the question in its being an answer, if only in a circumstantial (i. e. inessential) manner. One indeed must question oneself in order to remember, says Plato, but the dialectic, which would be scientific, must be something else even if it remains a play of question and answer. This contradiction did not escape Aristotle: he split the scientific from the dialectic and logic from argumentation whose respective theories he was led to conceive in order to clearly define their boundaries and specificities. As for Plato, he found in the famous theory of Ideas what he sought in order to justify knowledge as that which is supposed to hold its truth only from itself. What do Ideas mean within the framework of our approach? In what consists the passage from rhetoric to ontology which leads to the denaturation of argumentation? When Socrates asked, for example, "What is virtue?", he thought one could not answer such a question because the answer refers to a single proposition, a single truth, whereas the formulation of the question itself does not indicate this unicity. For any answer, another can be given and thus continuously, if necessary, until eventually one will come across an incompatibility. Now, to a question as to what X, Y, or Z is, one can answer in many ways and nothing in the question itself prohibits multiplicity. Virtue is courage, is justice, and so on.
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  • 44
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (576p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 204
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I - The Elements for Interpreting Kant -- 1 - Space and Time -- 2 - Thought -- 3 - Substance -- 4 - The World -- 5 - The Rework Hypothesis -- II - The Early View -- 1 - The Early Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of the Early View -- 3 - The Break-Up of the Early View -- III - The Middle View -- 1 - The Middle Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of the Middle View -- IV - The Transition to the Late View — The Mathematical Antinomies -- 1 - The Break-Up of the Middle View over the Second Antinomy -- 2 - The Argument of the Antinomies Against the Middle View -- V - The Late View -- 1 - The Late Theory of Thought -- 2 - The Text of The Late View.
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  • 45
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 45
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Investigating our Mental Powers -- 1.1 Hume: Thinking versus feeling -- 1.2 Reid: Conception versus sensation -- 1.3 Laws of our constitution and epistemologically prior principles -- 1.4 How to arrive at laws of nature -- 1.5 Scientific study of the mind? -- II: The Ideal Hypothesis -- 2.1 Ideas as objects of perception -- 2.2 Perception and impressions on the mind -- 2.3 Perception by way of perceiving images -- 2.4 Is the table we see an image? -- 2.5 The role of sensation in perception -- III: The Epistemological Role of Perception -- 3.1 Is there fallacy of the senses? -- 3.2 The appearance of objects to the eye -- 3.3 Reliance on the senses -- IV: The Constituents of Reality -- 4.1 The testimony of the senses and the world of material bodies -- 4.2 Primary versus secondary qualities -- 4.3 Colour versus shape -- 4.4 Are there other minds than mine? -- 4.5 An intelligent Author of Nature? -- V: What Words Signify -- 5.1 Locke’s theory of signification -- 5.2 What proper names and general words signify according to Reid -- 5.3 Individual and general conceptions -- 5.4 Whether proper names signify attributes -- 5.5 The variety of objects of conception -- 5.6 Conceiving the real and the unreal -- 5.7 Attributions to conceivable individuals -- 5.8 Things objectively in my mind -- VI: Active Power -- 6.1 Knowingly giving rise to new actions -- 6.2 Locke on active power -- 6.3 Reid’s account of active power -- 6.4 Difficulties within Reid’s account -- 6.5 Divine prescience and active power -- 6.6 Is every future event already determined? -- 6.7 Moral attributions and active power -- VII; Causality -- 7.1 Concerning some criticisms of Hume’s view of the causal principle -- 7.2 No proof of the causal principle available within Hume’s philosophy -- 7.3 Past instances and the uniformity of nature -- 7.4 Presupposition and the authority of experience -- 7.5 Reid’s notion of cause -- 7.6 Wisdom, prudence and causal law -- VIII: Identity and Continuity -- 8.1 The sameness of a person -- 8.2 Amnesia and the same person -- 8.3 The Brave Officer paradox -- 8.4 The sameness of plants and artefacts -- 8.5 What is found on entry into the self -- 8.6 Consciousness and awareness of self -- 8.7 Memories and personal identity -- IX: Of Common Sense and First Principles -- 9.1 How to detect first principles -- 9.2 First principles and modes of argument -- 9.3 Our faculties are not fallacious -- 9.4 The first principles to be employed in the investigation of the mind -- 9.5 Accounting for beliefs -- 9.6 First principles and judgments -- 9.7 Providential Naturalism -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book is meant to serve as an introduction to the philosophy of Thomas Reid by way of a study of certain themes central to that philosophy as we find it expounded in his extensive and influential published writings. The choice of these themes inevitably reflects philosophical interests of the author of this book to some extent but a main consideration behind their selection is that they are extensively treated by Reid in response to treatments by certain of his predecessors in an identifiable tradition called by Yolton 'The Way ofIdeas'. My interest in Reid's philosophy was first awakened by the brilliant writings of A.N. Prior, and in particular by Part II of his posthumous 'Objects of Thought' called 'What we think about' together with his suggestion that Reid was a precursor of Mill on the signification of proper names. It is my hope that the standard of exegesis and of discussion throughout the book, and especially in the case of these topics, is a not unworthy tribute to that thinker.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789400909878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (552p) , digital
    Edition: 1
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 206
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Critial Essays -- Is Science Really Inductive? -- Bolzano’s Theory of Induction -- Cellular Space Models: New Formalism for Simulation and Science -- Some Reflections on Logical Truth as A Priori -- Semantics and Ontology: Arthur Burks and the Computational Perspective -- Names and Attitudes -- Machines and Behavior -- Finite Automata and Human Beings -- On Guiding Rules -- Actuality and Potentiality -- Burks’s Logic of Conditionals -- Presuppositions and the Normative Content of Probability Statements -- Arthur Burks on the Presuppositions of Induction -- Taking Physical Probability Seriously -- Presuppositions of Induction -- Scientific Objectivity and the Evaluation of Hypotheses -- II: The Philosophy of Logical Mechanism -- The Philosophy of Logical Mechanism Replies by Arthur W. Burks -- Bibliography of Works by Arthur W. Burks -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This work is divided into two parts. Part I contains sixteen critical es­ says by prominent philosophers and computer scientists. Their papers offer insightful, well-argued contemporary views of a broad range of topics that lie at the heart of philosophy in the second half of the twen­ tieth century: semantics and ontology, induction, the nature of prob­ ability, the foundations of science, scientific objectivity, the theory of naming, the logic of conditionals, simulation modeling, the relatiOn be­ tween minds and machines, and the nature of rules that guide be­ havior. In this volume honoring Arthur W. Burks, the philosophical breadth of his work is thus manifested in the diverse aspects of that work chosen for discussion and development by the contributors to his Festschrift. Part II consists of a book-length essay by Burks in which he lays out his philosophy of logical mechanism while responding to the papers in Part I. In doing so, he provides a unified and coherent context for the range of problems raised in Part I, and he highlights interesting relationships among the topics that might otherwise have gone un­ noticed. Part II is followed by a bibliography of Burks's published works.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789400924178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 207
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction: Language as Calculus vs. Language as the Universal Medium -- 1. Continental and Analytical Philosophy -- 2. The Interpretational Framework -- 3. Some Qualifications and the Main Theses of this Study -- II: Husserl’s Phenomenology and Language as Calculus -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Formalism—Threat and Temptation—The Emergence of Language as Calculus in the Early Writings -- 3. Defending the Accessibility of Semantics Against Psychologistic Relativism: The Logical Investigations -- 4. Transcendental Phenomenology and the Calculus Conception -- 5. Summary of Husserl’s Notion of Language as Calculus -- III: Heidegger’s Ontology and Language as the Universal Medium -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Heidegger as Adherer to the Conception of Language as Calculus in his Early Writings -- 3. The World as a ”Closed Whole”—The Period of Being and Time -- 4. ”Language is the House of Being”—Language as the Universal Medium in Heidegger’s Later ”Thought” -- 5. Summary of Heidegger’s Conception of Language as the Universal Medium -- IV: Between Scylla and Charybdis—Gadamer’s Hermeneutics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tradition and the Return of the Subject—Why Heidegger had Reason to Dislike the ”Effective-Historical Consciousness” -- 3. Language as Universal Adumbration -- Notes to Part I -- Notes to Part II -- Notes to Part III -- Notes to Part IV -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: I first became interested in Husserl and Heidegger as long ago as 1980, when as an undergraduate at the Freie Universitat Berlin I studied the books by Professor Ernst Tugendhat. Tugendhat's at­ tempt to bring together analytical and continental philosophy has never ceased to fascinate me, and even though in more recent years other influences have perhaps been stronger, I should like to look upon the present study as still being indebted to Tugendhat's initial incentive. It was my good fortune that for personal reasons I had to con­ tinue my academic training from 1981 onwards in Finland. Even though Finland is a stronghold of analytical philosophy, it also has a tradition of combining continental and Anglosaxon philosophical thought. Since I had already admired this line of work in Tugendhat, it is hardly surprising that once in Finland I soon became impressed by Professor Jaakko Hintikka's studies on Husserl and intentionality, and by Professor Georg Henrik von Wright's analytical hermeneu­ tics. While the latter influence has-at least in part-led to a book on the history of hermeneutics, the former influence has led to the present work. My indebtedness to Professor Hintikka is enormous. Not only is the research reported here based on his suggestions, but Hintikka has also commented extensively on different versions of the manuscript, helped me to make important contacts, found a publisher for me, and-last but not least-was a never failing source of encouragement.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400929098
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 363 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Analytic philosophy is alive and in good health, as this collection of twenty, previously unpublished essays most ably demonstrates. The reader will find here assembled some of the finest writings of modern analytic philosophers at the top of their form. Matthews discusses Plato's attempt to deal with the problem of false belief about identities. Parson evaluates Russell's early theory of denoting phrases. Chisholm exhibits the utility of thirteen epistemic categories. Plantinga criticizes Chisholm's account of justification. Conee argues that solving the Gettier Problem is important, and Ginet proposes a solution to it. Lehrer criticizes an argument based on the simplicity of our belief in material objects and other minds. R. Feldman defends an account of having evidence. F. Feldman defends a propositional account of pleasure. Van Fraassen criticizes Garber's solution to the problem of old evidence. Castañeda investigates the nature of negation. McKay argues that de se analyses of belief do not account for belief de re. Richard argues that no Fregean semantics for belief attribution will succeed. Ryckman suggests that the Millian theory of names has little to do with the theory of belief is no threat to God's omniscience. Dunn investigates constraints imposed on non-classical modal logics by extensionality. Fitch argues that singular propositions perform important functions in modal logic. Jubien evaluates arguments for and against possible worlds. Ratzsch argues that there must be a deeper source of nomicality than ordinary subjunctives, and Stalnaker argues that there is room for determinancy of identity and indeterminacy in reference
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789400926479
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 200
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Essay 1. Is Alethic Modal Logic Possible? -- Essay 2. Reasoning About Knowledge in Philosophy: The Paradigm of Epistemic Logic -- Essay 3. Are There Nonexistent Objects? Why Not? But Where Are They? -- Essay 4. On Sense, Reference, and the Objects of Knowledge -- Essay 5. Impossible Possible Worlds Vindicated -- Essay 6. Towards a General Theory of Individuation and Identification -- Essay 7. On the Proper Treatment of Quantifiers in Montague Semantics -- Essay 8. The Cartesian cogito, Epistemic Logic and Neuroscience: Some Surprising Interrelations -- Essay 9. Quine on Who’s Who -- Essay 10. How Can Language Be Sexist? -- Essay 11. On Denoting What? -- Essay 12. Degrees and Dimensions of Intentionality -- Essay 13. Situations, Possible Worlds and Attitudes -- Essay 14. Questioning as a Philosophical Method -- Erratum -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Names.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400933811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, formerly Synthese Language Library 31
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Noun Phrases, Generalized Quantifiers and Anaphora -- Towards a Computational Semantics -- Preliminaries to the Treatment of Generalized Quantifiers in Situation Semantics -- There-Sentences and Generalized Quantifiers -- Unreducible n-ary Quantifiers in Natural Language -- Generalized Quantifiers and Plurals -- Natural Language and Generalized Quantifier Theory -- Collective Readings of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases -- Noun Phrase Interpretation in Montague Grammar, File Change Semantics, and Situation Semantics -- Branching Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language -- List of Contributors -- Bibliography for Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Some fifteen years ago, research on generalized quantifiers was con­ sidered to be a branch of mathematical logic, mainly carried out by mathematicians. Since then an increasing number of linguists and philosophers have become interested in exploring the relevance of general quantifiers for natural language as shown by the bibliography compiled for this volume. To a large extent, the new research has been inspired by Jon Barwise and Robin Cooper's path-breaking article "Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language" from 1981. A concrete sign of this development was the workshop on this topic at Lund University, May 9-11, 1985, which was organized by Robin Cooper, Elisabet Engdahl, and the present editor. All except two of the papers in this volume derive from that workshop. Jon Barwise's paper in the volume is different from the one he presented in connection with the workshop. Mats Rooth's contribution has been added because of its close relationship with the rest of the papers. The articles have been revised for publication here and the authors have commented on each other's contributions in order to integrate the collection. The organizers of the workshop gratefully acknowledge support from the Department of Linguistics, the Department of Philosophy and the Faculty of Humanities at Lund University, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (through the Wallenberg Foundation), the Swedish Institute, and the Letterstedt Foundation.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400937635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 8
    Series Statement: Profiles 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One -- Self-Profile -- Two -- Constituents -- Surface Information and Analyticity -- Hintikka on Quantifying In and On Trans-World Identity -- Game-Theoretical Semantics and Logical Form -- Hintikka’s Inductive Logic -- Hintikka’s Epistemic Logic -- Hintikka’s Theory of Questions -- What Is a “Perceptually Well-Defined Individual”? Hintikka’s Views on Perception -- On Objects and Worlds of Thought in the Philosophy of Hintikka -- Hintikka on Modalities and Determinism in Aristotle -- Hintikka’s Ontology -- Replies and Comments -- Three -- Bibliography of Jaakko Hintikka -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathematicians, students, teachers, publishers, etc. ) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and logic. PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the results of already outstanding personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of philosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library of Living Philosophers edited by P. A. Schilpp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very little of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division of labor and increasing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of what happens in the profession. PROFILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s) will summarize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of significant contribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant his to rial and/or biographical data, an up-to-date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, references to significant reviews and discussion will also be included.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400937376
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 36
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. The Problem -- 2. Beginning Assumptions -- 1 Descriptions -- 1. Indeterminate Descriptions -- 2. The Referential/Attributive Distinction -- 2 Names and Indexicals -- 1. Rigid Designators -- 2. Names and Essences -- 3. Indexicals -- 4. The Meaning of Names -- 3 Singular Propositions -- 1. Propositional Roles -- 2. Propositions and Worlds -- 3. Propositions and Times -- 4. Possible Worlds -- 4 Believing -- 1. Problems with Belief -- 2. Direct and Indirect Attribution -- 3. Two Aspects of Believing -- 4. A Solution to Frege’s Problem -- 5 Empty Names, Semantics, and the A Priori -- 1. Truth Conditions and Propositions -- 2. Empty Names and Beliefs -- 3. Necessary A Posteriori Truths -- 4. Conclusions -- 1. Formal Description -- 2. Remarks -- Notes -- References.
    Abstract: The relationship between thought, language, and the world is an intimate one. When we have an idea or thought about the world and we wish to express that idea or thought to others we utter a sentence or make a statement. If the statement correctly describes the world then it is true. Moreover, it seems as though our ability to have more complex or sophisticated thoughts about the world increases as the complexity of our language or our ability to use the language increases. Understanding the complex relationship between language, thought, and the world is one of the central aims of philosophy. This book is an attempt to increase our understanding of this complex relationship by focusing on certain philosophical issues that arise from our ability to refer to objects in the world though the use of language. In particular, it is an attempt to solve the puzzles of reference and belief that Frege and Russell presented within the context of a theory of direct reference for proper names.
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  • 53
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Language Library, Text and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 25
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: I. The Semantic Variability of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 1. Introduction to Free Adjuncts and Absolutes in English -- 2. Traditional Thoughts on the Semantic Variability of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 3. Plan of Discussion -- 4. Some Syntactic Conventions -- Footnotes -- II. Modality and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 1. The Semantic Bifurcation of Free Adjuncts in Modal Contexts -- 2. Explaining the Entailment Properties of Strong and Weak Adjuncts in Modal Contexts -- 3. A Semantic Correlate of the Distinction between Strong and Weak Adjuncts -- 4. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- III. Tense and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. The Temporal Reference of Free Adjuncts -- 3. Frequency Adverbs and the Distinction between Strong and Weak Adjuncts -- 4. A Generalization Operator -- 5. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- IV. Aspect and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 1. The Perfect Tense and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 2. An Argument for Free Adjuncts as Main Tense Adverbs -- 3. The Progressive Aspect and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 4. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- V. The Formal Semantics of Absolutes -- 1. Modality and the Interpretation of Absolutes -- 2. Tense and the Interpretation of Absolutes -- 3. Absolutes as Main Tense Adverbs -- 4. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- VI. Inference and the Logical Role of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 1. Summary of the Proposed Semantic Analysis of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 2. The Role of Inference in the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 3. On the Possibility of Deriving Absolute Constructions from Adverbial Subordinate Clauses -- 4. On the Possibility that the Logical Role of an Absolute Construction is Always Inferred -- 5. Theoretical Implications -- Footnotes -- Appendix - A Formal Fragment for Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 1. Intensional Logic -- 2. Syntax and Translation Rules for a Fragment of English -- 2.1. Syntax -- 2.2. Translation -- References -- Index of Names -- General Index.
    Abstract: The goal of this book is to investigate the semantics of absolute constructions in English; specifically, my object is to provide an explanation for the semantic variability of such constructions. As has been widely noted in traditional grammatical studies of English, free adjuncts and absolute phrases have the ability to playa number of specific logical roles in the sentences in which they appear; yet, paradoxically, they lack any overt indication of their logical connection to the clause which they modify. How, then, is the logical function of an absolute construction determined? In attempting to answer this question, one must inevitably address a number of more general issues: Is the meaning assigned to a linguistic expression necessarily determined by linguistic rules, or can the grammar of a language in some cases simply underdetermine the interpretation of expressions? Are the truthconditions of a sentence ever sensitive to the inferences of language users? If so, then is it possible to maintain the validity of any really substantive version of the Compositionality Principle? These are, of course, issues of great inherent interest to anyone concerned with the formal syntax and semantics of natural language, with the philosophy of language, or with language processing. The descriptive framework assumed throughout is the semantic theory developed by Richard Montague (1970a, 1970b, 1973) and his followers. (For a very thorough introduction to Montague semantics, the reader may refer to Dowty, Wall and Peters (1981 ).
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789400954106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 26
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction to Game-Theoretical Semantics -- 1. General -- 2. Formal first-order languages -- 3. Equivalence with Tarski-type truth-definitions -- 4. Translation to higher-order languages -- 5. Partially ordered quantifiers -- 6. Subgames and functional interpretations -- 7. Extension to natural languages -- 8. Similarities and differences between formal and natural languages -- 9. Competing ordering principles -- 10. Atomic sentences -- 11. Further rules for natural languages -- 12. Explanatory strategies -- Notes to Part I -- II: Definite Descriptions -- 1. Russell on definite descriptions -- 2. Prima facie difficulties with Russell’s theory -- 3. Can we localize Russell’s theory? -- 4. Game-theoretical solution to the localization problem -- 5. Anaphoric “the” in formal languages -- 6. Applications -- 7. Epithetic and counterepithetic the-phrases -- 8. Vagaries of the alleged head-anaphor relation -- 9. The anaphoric use of definite descriptions as a semantical phenomenon -- 10. The quantifier-exclusion phenomenon in natural languages -- 11. Inductive choice sets -- 12. Other uses of “the” -- 13. The Russellian use -- 14. The generic use motivated -- 15. Conclusions from the “pragmatic deduction” -- Notes to Part II -- III: Towards a Semantical Theory of Pronominal Anaphora -- I: Different Approaches to Anaphora -- II: A Game-Theoretical Approach to Anaphora -- III: The Exclusion Principle -- IV: General Theoretical Issues -- V: GTS expalains Coreference Restrictions -- VI: Comparisons with Other Treatments -- Notes to Part III -- Name Index.
    Abstract: I n order to appreciate properly what we are doing in this book it is necessary to realize that our approach to linguistic theorizing differs from the prevailing views. Our approach can be described by indicating what distinguishes it from the methodological ideas current in theoretical linguistics, which I consider seriously misguided. Linguists typically construe their task in these days as that of making exceptionless generalizations from particular examples. This explanatory strategy is wrong in several different ways. It presupposes that we can have "intuitions" about particular examples, usually examples invented by the linguist himself or herself, reliable and sharp enough to serve as a basis of sharp generalizations. It also presupposes that we cannot have equally reliable direct access to general linguistic regularities. Both assumptions appear to me extremely dubious, and the first of them has in effect been challenged by linguists like Dwight Bol inger. There is also some evidence that the degree of unanimity among linguists is fairly low when it comes to less clear cases, even in connection with such relatively simple questions as grammaticality (acceptability). For this reason we have tried to rely more on quotations from contemporary fiction, newspapers and magazines than on linguists' and philosophers' ad hoc examples. I also find it strange that some of the same linguists as believe that we all possess innate ideas about general characteristics of humanly possible grammars assume that we can have access to them only via their particular consequences.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Adverbs and Events -- II / Adverbs of Space and Time -- III / Interval Semantics and Logical Words -- Appendix to Chapter III (1985) -- IV / Prepositions and Points of View -- V / Interval Semantics for Some Event Expressions -- VI / Adverbs of Causation -- VII / Adverbial Modification in Situation Semantics -- Bibliographical Index -- General Index.
    Abstract: Adverbial modification is probably one of the least understood areas of linguistics. The essays in this volume all address the problem of how to give an analysis of adverbial modifiers within truth-conditional semantics. Chapters I-VI provide analyses of particular modifiers within a possible­ worlds framework, and were written between 1974 and 1981. Original publication details of these chapters may be found on p. vi. Of these, all but Chapter I make essential use of the idea that the time reference involved in tensed sentences should be a time interval rather than a single instant. The final chapter (Chapter VII) was written especially for this volume and investigates the question of how the 'situation semantics' recently devised by Jon Barwise and John Perry, as a rival to possible-worlds semantics, might deal with adverbs. In addition I have included an appendix to Chapter III and an introduction which links all the chapters together.
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