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  • 2015-2019  (967)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (967)
  • Education  (588)
  • Urban, Rural and Regional Development  (245)
  • Agriculture and Food  (174)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310544 , 9789264310568 , 9789264310551
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Linking the indigenous Sami people with regional development in Sweden
    Keywords: Saami ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Soziale Integration ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Schweden ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Schweden ; Samen ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: The Sami have lived for time immemorial in an area that today extends across the Kola Peninsula in Russia, northern Finland, northern Norway's coast and inland, and the northern half of Sweden. The Sami play an important role in these northern economies thanks to their use of land, their involvement in reindeer husbandry, agriculture/farming and food production, and connection with the region’s tourism industry. However, in Sweden, as in the other states where the Sami live, the connections with regional development are often inconsistent and weak, and could do more to support the preservation and promotion of Sami culture and create new employment and business opportunities. This study, together with the OECD’s broader thematic work on this topic, provides actionable recommendations on how to better include the Sami and other Indigenous Peoples in regional development strategies, learning from and incorporating their own perspectives on sustainable development in the process.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311756 , 9789264312241 , 9789264312234
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Getting skills right
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Erwachsenenbildung
    Abstract: With digitalisation, deepening globalisation and population ageing, the world of work is changing. The extent to which individuals, firms and economies can harness the benefits of these changes critically depends on the readiness of adult learning systems to help people develop relevant skills for this changing world of work. This report presents the key results from the Priorities for Adult Learning (PAL) Dashboard which facilitates comparisons between countries along seven dimensions of the readiness of adult learning systems to address future skill challenges. Based on the dashboard, the report highlights in which areas action is needed, and policy examples from OECD and emerging countries throughout the report illustrate how these actions could be implemented.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 119
    Keywords: 2004 - 2014 ; Agroindustrie ; Wertschöpfung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global value chains (GVCs) in agriculture and food sectors are becoming an important part of the agro-food trading landscape, influencing both the nature of the gains from trade and the impacts of trade policies. This study explores the changes in trade in value added that are occurring within agro-food GVCs and the implications that participation in agro-food GVCs has had on the agro-food sectors. It makes use of a database on trade in value added for 22 agro-food sectors derived from the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database. The study finds that between 2004 and 2014, agro-food sectors have been increasing their participation in GVCs and that the links created within these production networks have become more “global” in nature. At the same time, agro-food GVCs have become increasingly centred around hubs in the People’s Republic of China and Germany where large amounts of value added are funnelled before reaching the end consumer. The study also finds that participation in agro-food GVCs is beneficial for sector development and growth – both in aggregate terms and in terms of domestic value added from exports. Of key importance has been the use of foreign value added and access to a wide diversity of imported inputs. However, policies that restrict trade and limit market openness reduce participation and sector growth and development – including policies that create barriers to trade in agro-food products themselves. In addition, the study finds that the use of services value added in exports is an important factor that contributes to sector growth, which highlights the importance of the broader policy environment to enhance the benefits from agro-food GVCs.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 124
    Keywords: 2004 - 2014 ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Agricultural sectors are increasingly integrated into international markets as global value chains (GVCs) expand. This integration is helping to drive value added growth in the sector, including the returns that flow to labour. This report explores the impact that trade and agro-food GVC participation has on labour returns and thereby employment not only within the agricultural sectors, but across other sectors of the economy. At the global level, trade and agro-food GVCs generated an average of between 20-26% of total agricultural workforce returns between 2004 and 2014, and labour returns were generated from both direct participation in trade and from indirect participation through other downstream sectors. This report finds that the impact on economy-wide labour returns is on average greater for countries specialising in direct exports of primary products as compared to those specialising in indirect agricultural exports. Evidence also shows that agricultural subsidies have a negative impact both on labour returns from primary sector exports and the returns generated indirectly from processing-sector exports.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 128
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Wasserpolitik ; Wasserpreis ; Subvention ; Bewässerung ; Grundwasser ; Gewässerbelastung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report offers a guide on potential reform pathways towards sustainable agriculture water use, based on a thorough review of selected past water and agriculture reforms and extensive consultation with policy experts. A theory of change is developed that emphasises the importance of flexibility in the timing and design of reform processes to achieve practical and effective policy changes. Governments should prepare future reforms, via continued research, education, and governance efforts, to help take advantage of reform opportunities when the timing is right. Five necessary conditions are identified for a successful reform process: (i) support evidence-based problem definition, objective setting and evaluations; (ii) ensure that governance and institutions are aligned with the policy change; (iii) engage stakeholders strategically and build trust; (iv) rebalance economic incentives to mitigate short run economic losses; and (v) define an adjustable smart reform sequencing that provides flexibility in the long run. These conditions are found to be necessary to implement four challenging policy changes: charging water use in agriculture; removing subsidies that negatively impact water resources, regulating groundwater use and addressing nonpoint source pollution. But the relative effort that governments need to devote to fulfilling each of the five conditions will vary depending on the policy change.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264305823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Investing in Youth
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Keywords: Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Peru ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Peru
    Abstract: The present report on Peru is part of the series on "Investing in Youth", which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the areas of social, employment, education and training policies. Its main focus is on young people who are not in employment, education or training (the "NEETs"). Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017), and Norway (2018).
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 131
    Keywords: 1950 - 2050 ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Long-term Agricultural Outlook model (LAO) is a long-run partial equilibrium trade model developed by the OECD as a complementary modelling tool to AGLINK-COSIMO, a more detailed partial equilibrium model used to develop ten-year projections for agricultural markets, as reported in the annual OECD-FAO Agriculture Outlook publication. LAO describes the drivers of structural changes in global supply and demand, provides a baseline of real agricultural prices, and can be used to situate short and medium term price projections in a longer-term context. The model is also suitable for performing scenario analysis of long-term issues concerning agriculture, such as the links between food security and climate change. The model structure is similar to that of AGLINK-COSIMO, which enhances comparability, but much simpler, with highly aggregated commodity and regional groupings. The simplified structure makes it possible to make use of data on productivity growth in a way not possible in more complex models, and to investigate the role of long term drivers of productivity growth, in particular research spending. It also facilitates a focus on key macro-economic drivers of agricultural market developments. This report details the motivation, structure, and development of the model, alongside initial outputs. The baseline results indicate a lowering of real agricultural prices in the long run, as growth in global supply outpaces growth in global demand.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 134
    Keywords: Tierhaltung ; Antibiotika ; China ; Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The People’s Republic of China is an important player in international markets for animal products, antibiotics, as well as in global efforts to combat antibiotic resistance (AMR). This paper reviews use of antibiotics and the emergence of AMR in Chinese food animal production. The rapid growth in food, animal production, and the relatively poor animal production conditions as well as increasing production intensity led to a sharp increase in antibiotic use in both absolute and relative terms. This trend, however, has been reversed by recent government policies and public awareness of AMR. Four government policies are particularly important in attempting to decrease the use of antibiotics: the imposition of maximum residue levels, establishing a list of permitted antibiotics, the proper use of antibiotics during the withdrawal period, and establishing a list of prescription-only antibiotics use in animal production. Antibiotic use in China is more than five times higher than the international average. One of the main reasons for the relative higher antibiotic usage is the widespread misuse associated with growth promotion in the feed and veterinary use on broiler and pig farms. The relatively low cost of antibiotics, estimated at 1% to 3% of production costs, encourages such excess use in livestock production, but alternatives are often not available and more costly. This paper recommends a mix of economic and regulatory approaches to control the overuse of antibiotics in livestock production and limit the rise in antimicrobial resistance.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : OECD | Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264484580
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Edition: Launch version
    Series Statement: OECD health policy studies
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The heavy burden of obesity
    Keywords: Körpergewicht ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; OECD ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Körpergewicht ; Fettsucht ; Übergewicht
    Abstract: Almost one in four people in OECD countries is currently obese. This epidemic has far-reaching consequences for individuals, society and the economy. Using microsimulation modelling, this book analyses the burden of obesity and overweight in 52 countries (including OECD, European Union and G20 countries), showing how overweight reduces life expectancy, increases healthcare costs, decreases workers' productivity and lowers GDP. The report makes the urgent economic case to scale up investments in policies to promote healthy lifestyles and tackle this growing global public health problem. The book evaluates a number of policies which could significantly improve health outcomes while being an excellent investment for countries.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 243-252
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264959941
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Educating 21st century children
    Keywords: Kinder ; Kinderbetreuung ; Digitalisierung ; Sozialer Indikator ; Zufriedenheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: What is the nature of childhood today? On a number of measures, modern children’s lives have clearly improved thanks to better public safety and support for their physical and mental health. New technologies help children to learn, socialise and unwind, and older, better-educated parents are increasingly playing an active role in their children's education. At the same time, we are more connected than ever before, and many children have access to tablets and smartphones before they learn to walk and talk. Twenty-first century children are more likely to be only children, increasingly pushed to do more by “helicopter parents” who hover over their children to protect them from potential harm. In addition to limitless online opportunities, the omnipresent nature of the digital world brings new risks, like cyber-bullying, that follow children from the schoolyard into their homes. This report examines modern childhood, looking specifically at the intersection between emotional well-being and new technologies. It explores how parenting and friendships have changed in the digital age. It examines children as digital citizens, and how best to take advantage of online opportunities while minimising the risks. The volume ends with a look at how to foster digital literacy and resilience, highlighting the role of partnerships, policy and protection.
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 125
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Wertschöpfung ; Agraraußenhandel ; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Handelsabkommen ; CGE-Modell ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global value chains (GVCs) in agriculture and food sectors contribute to sector growth and development. However, agricultural trade is subject to significant distortions that limit trade which in turn impacts on its competitiveness world-wide. Using the OECD Metro model, this study analyses the impact of trade and domestic support policies on participation in agro-food GVCs and the benefits that flow from them. The results show that current market access barriers and distorting forms of domestic support have a negative effect not only on welfare, but also on the possible benefits from participation in agro-food GVCs. If barriers, i.e. tariffs and quotas, were removed this would offer the potential to increase welfare, increase exports of agro-food domestic value added from all countries, and promote trade by furthering GVC links through value added. This study also shows that regional trade agreements have the potential to deepen GVC linkages amongst members.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 132
    Keywords: Tierhaltung ; Antibiotika ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Antimicrobial drugs are used in food animal production for several purposes: to treat a disease outbreak, to prevent disease, and to enhance feed efficiency and animal growth. While the technical benefits of antimicrobial use in animal production are well documented, there is a major lack of information on the economic impact on farmers’ incomes. This report reviews evidence on the economic benefits and costs of antimicrobials for the major animal producing species across several OECD countries as well as in Brazil and China. The findings indicate that the economic benefits are modest in modern farming systems where good production facilities, biosecurity measures, and management practices are in place. In large food animal producing countries such as Brazil, the use of antimicrobials is an important input to enhance the competitiveness of the industry. In China, the largest producer and user of antibiotics in animal production, antibiotics are often used as a substitute for less sanitary animal production facilities and the lack of appropriate biosecurity on the farm. This report concludes with several key policy options and practices, in particular those that induce farmers to place a greater emphasis on the economic benefits and costs of antimicrobials and alternative interventions in production in order to stem the rise in antimicrobial resistance.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264735026
    Language: English , French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the Leeks Standard. This brochure illustrates the standard text and demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus, it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade of leeks.
    Note: Text Englisch und Französisch
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 136
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The bio-economy is gaining increasing prominence in the policy debate, with several countries developing bio-economy strategies to decouple economic growth from dependence on fossil fuel, as well a pathway to supporting some of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and commitments under the Paris Climate Agreement. This report analyses the opportunities and policy challenges facing the bio-economy in transitioning to a more sustainable agro-food system. It provides an overview of national bio-economy- strategies based on a literature review and information provided by governments in response to a questionnaire.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264985971
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bergseng, Benedicte Vocational education and training in Bulgaria
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Bulgarien ; Education ; Employment ; Bulgaria ; Bulgarien ; Berufsausbildung
    Abstract: Over recent years, Bulgaria has shown great willingness to reform its vocational education and training (VET). Significant challenges remain, however, relating notably to the system’s responsiveness to labour market needs and its capacity to ensure equitable outcomes for learners. This report is a focused review of two predefined issues, the governance and funding of VET. These are two fundamental elements within the delivery of skilled VET graduates. The report assesses the strengths of the Bulgarian VET system and the challenges it faces when it comes to governance and funding and suggests policy responses for how these challenges can be addressed. Four specific challenges are identified linked to the governance of the VET system: decision-making powers and capacity; the use of data and evidence to inform policy decisions; social partner engagement; and, oversight of adult VET learning provision. With regard to VET funding, both school level financial autonomy, and the capacity to act upon increased flexibilities, are currently modest. The report argues that potential exists to strengthen collaboration between schools and employers to achieve increased cost-sharing between government and private firms. Finally, more can be done to improve equity in VET delivery through Bulgaria’s funding formula.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264606784
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews on local job creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Indigenous employment and skills strategies in Australia
    Keywords: Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Indigene Völker ; Australien ; Education ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Australia ; Australien ; Indigenes Volk ; Beschäftigungsstruktur ; Fähigkeit
    Abstract: Innovative ways of working with Indigenous Australians are needed to improve their employment prospects, especially as many work in jobs that are most likely to be impacted by digitalisation and automation in the future. This report considers both quantitative and qualitative data regarding employment, skills, and entrepreneurship opportunities for Indigenous Australians. A number of case studies were undertaken with employment and training providers in the cities of Sydney and Perth to gain insights into the delivery of employment and skills programmes targeted to Indigenous Australians. The report highlights critical success factors to better link Indigenous Australians to high quality jobs while also providing recommendations regarding future employment and skills programming.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 137
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: What is the role of government policies in encouraging healthier food choices to fight the current overweight and obesity epidemics? This report briefly examines the evidence base on unhealthy diets, including the associated burden on health systems. It then takes stock of current knowledge on the effectiveness of policy instruments to tackle unhealthy diets and proposes a four-track policy approach to encourage healthier food choices that is consistent with wider objectives for the food and agriculture sector. This policy approach includes demand side public interventions, voluntary collaboration with the food industry at the supply-demand interface, firmer regulations when public-private incentives are misaligned, and fiscal measures. This report underscores the importance of a robust evidence base for developing effective policies, which in turn requires investments in effective data systems. The Annex takes stock of how well developed food data systems are currently across a range of OECD countries and provides some recommendations on how to move forward.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264332829 , 9789264799004 , 9789264811072
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Skills matter
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Arbeitskräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Algeria ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States ; OECD ; Arbeitnehmer ; Berufliche Qualifikation
    Abstract: In the wake of the technological revolution that began in the last decades of the 20th century, labour-market demand for information-processing and other high-level cognitive and interpersonal skills have been growing substantially. Based on the results from the 33 countries and regions that participated in the 1st and 2nd round of the Survey of Adult Skills in 2011-12 and in 2014-15, this report describes adults’ proficiency in three information-processing skills, and examines how proficiency is related to labour-market and social outcomes. It also places special emphasis on the results from the 3rd and final round of the first cycle of PIAAC in 2017-18, which included 6 countries (Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States). The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some of these key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in three information-processing skills: literacy, numeracy and problem-solving in technology-rich environments.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264626980 , 9789264875234 , 9789264313033
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making decentralisation work
    Keywords: Dezentralisierung ; Kommunalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; OECD ; Dezentralisation ; Kommunalpolitik
    Abstract: This report offers a comprehensive overview of decentralisation policies and reforms in OECD countries and beyond. Sometimes called a “silent” or “quiet” revolution, decentralisation is among the most important reforms of the past 50 years. The report argues that decentralisation outcomes – in terms of democracy, efficiency, accountability, regional and local development – depend greatly on the way it is designed and implemented. Making the most of decentralisation systems is particularly crucial in the context of a “geography of discontent” and growing divides between places that feel left behind by globalisation and technological change and those that may benefit from the opportunities offered by megatrends. The report identifies 10 guidelines for making decentralisation work and allowing it to be conducive to regional development. Beyond the guidelines, the report proposes concrete tools for policy-makers, including detailed sets of recommendations, checklists, pitfalls to avoid and examples of good practices, both in unitary and federal countries.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264828865 , 9789264477599 , 9789264937567
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (308 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2018 assessment and analytical framework
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Schüler ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education
    Abstract: This report presents the conceptual foundations of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), now in its seventh cycle of comprehensive and rigorous international surveys of student knowledge, skills and well-being. Like previous cycles, the 2018 assessment covered reading, mathematics and science, with the major focus this cycle on reading literacy, plus an evaluation of students’ global competence – their ability to understand and appreciate the perspectives and world views of others. Financial literacy was also offered as an optional assessment. The framework also includes the questionnaires distributed to students and school principals used to elicit information about student backgrounds and the school learning environment, as well as some questionnaires distributed to parents and teachers to assess factors associated with student outcomes. Students in some countries also completed further questionnaires on their educational trajectory, familiarity with information and communications technology, and well-being.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264833913 , 9789264422421 , 9789264342064
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovation, productivité et durabilité dans le secteur agricole et alimentaire : Principales conclusions des examens par pays et leçons pour l’action publique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, productivity and sustainability in food and agriculture
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Wissenschaft ; Technologie ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Markets that function well within a stable regulatory and policy environment are key to improving the productivity and sustainability of the food and agriculture sector. This report contains the main findings and policy lessons gained from a series of wide-ranging country reviews on how government policies can improve sectoral productivity and sustainability through their impact on innovation, structural change, natural resource use, and climate change. Improving the policy environment would require rolling back those policies that distort markets the most and retain farmers in uncompetitive and low-income activities, harm the environment, stifle innovation, slow structural and generational change, and weaken resilience. Agriculture policy should focus instead on measures that facilitate the uptake of technologies and practices that use resources more efficiently and sustainably, and which contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Of equal importance are: a more collaborative approach, more effective governance systems, the development of long-term strategies, strengthened linkages between national and international actors, and comprehensive and coherent evaluation procedures. Public funding of food and agricultural research is also crucial, and private efforts need to be strengthened, including through public-private partnerships. Finally, improving overall policy coherence would contribute to building trust, and to increasing policy effectiveness at each step of the food and agriculture chain.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 118
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Agrarpolitik ; Wertschöpfung ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Politische Reform ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report synthesises OECD work analysing agricultural policies, markets and trade. It highlights recent developments in agricultural markets and policies and considers how these have changed the source and nature of the gains from multilateral reform, and considers opportunities for further reforms. In large part, gains from further reform come from the opportunities to increase income and jobs through increasing agro-food sector participation in global and domestic value chains. Countries can enhance the overall competitiveness of their agro-food sectors though more open trade policies and reducing the impacts of measures that raise trade costs. This includes reducing distorting domestic support and market access barriers, including to agro-food imports; ensuring that non-tariff measures are appropriate, transparent, and science-based; and reducing barriers to services trade.
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 121
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; Fischereirecht ; Fischereiressourcen ; Ressourcennutzung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) are the primary mechanism for co-operation between fishing countries and coastal states to ensure sustainable fishing globally. This paper aims to inspire and guide RFMO secretariats and member countries in how to focus their effort and investment to step up the contribution of RFMOs to the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. It does so by measuring the extent to which RFMOs apply best practices against IUU fishing and pointing to the remaining gaps. Information gathered from RFMOs’ resolutions and recommendations introducing conservation and management measures (CMMs), other publicly available sources and direct communication with RFMOs’ secretariats was analysed and summarised into five indicators reflecting the most important management tools targeting IUU fishing at the disposal of RFMOs. Indicators show overall progress among RFMOs, but discrepancies remain, suggesting scope for improvement by learning from best performers.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 122
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: How are new opportunities to create and share information shaping the digital transformation of the agriculture and food system, and thus potentially fostering its reorganisation? This report focuses on cross-border trade aspects along the global agriculture and food value chain, and looks at how changes brought about by digital technologies can influence who participates in the value chain, where value added is created, and how value is distributed between actors in the chain. However, it is not only changes in the agriculture and food sector from digital technologies that matters, but also the digital transformation of other actors in the global value chain (GVC) such as support services, logistics and governments. Digital technologies present a potential to reduce trade and transaction costs, including those related to identifying and negotiating a deal, proving compliance with standards and to delivering products across borders quickly and efficiently.
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 126
    Keywords: Agraraußenhandel ; Handelspräferenzen ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; WTO-Recht ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Preferential trading agreements are becoming a more common feature of the global agro food trading environment, a trend that has increased since the early 2000s. While they increasingly cover the majority of trade worldwide, there remains a question as to the extent to which their treatment of agriculture has changed over time, and whether the liberalising elements contained in these agreements are increasingly addressing distortions in world agro-food markets. This paper presents findings on the evolution of the treatment of agriculture within preferential trade agreements. Changes in various aspects of liberalisation achieved through these agreements have been explored, such as provisions related to market access, export competition and domestic support. The report finds that agriculture appears to be increasingly treated in a similar manner to other goods trade, with expansion in the scope of agreements extending to agriculture. Agreements are delivering reduced tariffs among members across the majority of agricultural commodities – however, heterogeneity of rules of origin between agreements is likely to be undermining these benefits. Reflecting multilateral rules, provisions related to Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures and Technical Barriers to Trade have become a standard feature of agreements. Overall, preferential trade agreements are strongly influenced by the multilateral framework.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 130
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Agrarsubvention ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Artenvielfalt ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The relationship between agricultural support policies (adapted from the OECD Producer Support Estimate (PSE) classification) and a selection of environmental impacts are analysed in a range of country settings, using a farm-level and a market-level model. Based on the methods and environmental indicators used, market price support and payments based on unconstrained variable input use were the most environmentally harmful among the various PSE measures. Decoupled support payments based on non-current crop area were the least harmful, even when considering their impacts on the behaviour of risk averse farmers. The impacts of support policies that clearly change the competitiveness of one production activity in relation to another, such as payments based on current crop area or on animal numbers, were more equivocal. Support payments subject to environmental constraints can improve environmental outcomes compared to coupled support without restrictions, however, they can also have unintended environmental impacts.
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 135
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Brazil ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of meat and animal products. This report compiles information and data on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals in Brazil. Antimicrobials are used in food producing animals, mainly as a growth promoter. While the use of antibiotics is estimated to be falling, there is concern amongst livestock producers as to the possible rise in production costs resulting from the withdrawal of these antibiotics, and they are currently exploring alternative interventions and their likely economic impact on their incomes. Recent regulatory and policy changes, including the implementation of the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture, are aimed at limiting the use of antibiotics in livestock production and containing the rise in antimicrobial resistance.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264397569 , 9789264969414 , 9789264478749
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 201 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Stadtwachstum ; Stadtentwicklung ; Ballungsraum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Die Metropolregion Hamburg (MRH) ist mit etwa 8% der Landesfläche die zweitgrößte Metropolregion in Deutschland. Der erste OECD-Bericht zur Regionalentwicklung, der sich mit Deutschland befasst, untersucht die MRH unter dem Blickwinkel ihrer Wettbewerbs- und Innovationsfähigkeit sowie einer nachhaltigen Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264406940
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting skills right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Financial incentives to promote adult learning in Australia
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Anreiz ; Australien ; Education ; Employment ; Australia ; Australien ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Bildungsfinanzierung
    Abstract: Australia requires a strong system of adult learning to position firms and workers to succeed as skill demand changes. The country has scope to improve the coverage and inclusiveness of its adult learning system as coverage has declined since 2012, and several vulnerable groups are under-represented. Financial incentives, if carefully designed, can raise participation in adult learning by addressing cost and time barriers. This report summarises the advantages and disadvantages with various financial incentives to promote adult learning based on international and Australian experience. Drawing from these insights, as well as analysis of individual and firm-level barriers, the report provides policy recommendations for how Australia could reform its financial incentives to boost participation.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264293595 , 9789264574021 , 9789264929722
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: This report focuses on the local level integration of migrants in Rome, and provides information on the national framework for integration in Italy. While the study assumes that local authorities are at the forefront of migrant integration - providing information and essential services, ensuring access to education and the labour market, overcoming the barriers for full inclusion in the host society, and managing conflicts - local authorities are not alone. This report stresses the importance of multi-level governance of migrant integration, highlighting the key role of third sector enterprises, NGOs, business, faith-based organisations and unions. It identifies and shares selected local actions and governance practices to manage the short- and long-term effects of migration flows, and provides an international comparative of practices implemented by other EU cities, highlighting the most effective measures and lessons learned
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264723016 , 9789264406964 , 9789264634312
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kuhl, Patricia, 1946 - Developing minds in the digital age
    DDC: 016.403
    Keywords: Bildung ; Digitalisierung ; Learning, Psychology of ; Learning Social aspects ; Educational technology ; Educational Technology ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Psychologie de l'apprentissage ; Apprentissage - Aspect social ; Technologie éducative ; Educational technology ; Learning, Psychology of ; Learning - Social aspects ; Computerunterstütztes Lernen
    Abstract: This book highlights new scientific research about how people learn, including interdisciplinary perspectives from neuroscience, the social, cognitive and behavioural sciences, education, computer and information sciences, artificial intelligence/machine learning, and engineering. These new developments offer fascinating new perspectives, based on technological advances, which enable a re-examination of longstanding problems in learning, raise new questions, and offer new approaches to the study of learning. This report seeks to catalyse discussions on the implications of these research findings for education practice and policy, and in turn, on how knowledge and experience from real-world education practice and policy could challenge and inform research agendas and theory building.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264603806 , 9789264311879 , 9789264685840
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Agricultural Policies in Argentina
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Argentina
    Abstract: Las Revisiones de Políticas Agroalimentarias proporcionan una evaluación exhaustiva de las políticas agrícolas de cada país y el cálculo de un conjunto de indicadores desarrollados por la OCDE. Estos indicadores se utilizan regularmente en el análisis de la agricultura y sector alimentario en los países de la OCDE y de varias economías emergentes. Este informe incluye el análisis y los indicadores correspondientes a Argentina, integrando los principales aspectos de la política agroalimentaria como la política comercial, la innovación, la sostenibilidad, la gestión de riesgos y las cadenas de valor, y proporciona recomendaciones de política. El sector agropecuario de Argentina ha experimentado un proceso de innovación notable en las últimas dos décadas. Esta transformación ha sido liderada principalmente por un sector privado dinámico y proactivo, a pesar de estar sujeto a políticas de apoyo negativo tales como las restricciones y los impuestos a la exportación. La rápida adopción de tecnologías como las semillas mejoradas y la siembra directa, e innovaciones organizacionales han contribuido a aumentar la Productividad Total de los Factores en los cultivos. Los apoyos presupuestarios se han centrado en la prestación de servicios generales tales como investigación, extensión y sanidad agropecuaria, facilitando la innovación y la gestión proactiva de los riesgos. Las presiones ambientales están en aumento con el crecimiento del uso de pesticidas y la deforestación. Las producciones fuera de la región pampeana acumulan un retraso en productividad e innovación.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264383203 , 9789264393509 , 9789264769359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting clean urban public transportation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Stadtverkehr ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Kasachstan ; Kirgisistan ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: This report presents the objectives, methodology, procedures and main findings of the OECD project "Strengthening public finance capacity for green investments in the EECCA countries". Between 2016-19, the project aimed to help set the partner countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova) on a sustainable path of development by reducing the energy and carbon intensity of their economies. Working with the relevant ministry in each country, the project designed public investment programmes in line with good international practices. These programmes sought to address key objectives of the countries' environmental and climate-related policies. The Clean Public Transport Programmes focus specifically on reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the target sector, primarily in large urban areas. They aim to demonstrate how to use scarce public funds to encourage private sector investment in projects that generate significant environmental and socio-economic benefits alike.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264834392 , 9789264433854 , 9789264716735
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (137 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio multidimensional de Paraguay : Volumen 3. Del Análisis a la Acción
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Paraguay ; volume 3: From analysis to action
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Paraguay
    Abstract: Paraguay has set itself ambitious development goals for 2030. To achieve them, it will have to tackle two major challenges: buttressing sources of sustainable economic prosperity and putting the country on a more inclusive development path. Progressing towards a more inclusive society will require a broad and vigorous reform agenda. First, the country’s healthcare system requires systemic reform to widen its coverage, reduce Paraguayans’ vulnerability in the face of health risks and increase the efficiency of health service provision. Second, the social protection system needs to overcome its fragmentation and become more effective in delivering the right services and risk management tools to citizens according to their needs. In particular, the pension system requires reforms to increase its coverage and become more equitable and more sustainable. Third, the quality and the inclusiveness of its education and training system need to be strengthened to generate the skills the economy needs, and provide opportunities to all. Based on the analysis and recommendations undertaken in Volumes 1 and 2 of this Multi-dimensional country review, this report identifies key areas for action and presents targeted action plans to kick-start reform. The report also provides a dashboard of monitoring indicators to support the reform agenda in the country.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264772632 , 9789264860896 , 9789264359505
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gobernanza del Agua en Argentina
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water governance in Argentina
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Argentinien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Argentina ; Argentinien ; Wasserversorgung
    Abstract: Ensuring long-term water security is essential in the pathway towards sustainable development in Argentina. Floods cause 60% of all critical events in the country and are responsible for 95% of economic losses. Severe droughts, in a country where the agricultural sector accounts for 6.4% of GDP as compared to a global average of 3.6%, have a strong impact in the economy. The country is also home to some of the most polluted basins worldwide. Furthermore, climate change will likely shift further water availability, uses and demand. The report is the result of a policy dialogue with more than 200 stakeholders at different levels in Argentina. It assesses water governance in Argentina, identifies several key challenges to effective, efficient and inclusive water policies, and provides a set of policy recommendations to enhance water governance as a means to address relevant societal challenges, both within the scope of water management and beyond. In particular, ways forward for Argentina include strengthening the co-ordination between national and provincial water policies, setting up a multilevel water planning and investment framework, improving basin management practices, and enhancing economic regulation for water services.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264355637 , 9789264553392 , 9789264543676
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Applying the OECD principles on water governance to floods
    Keywords: Überschwemmung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Überschwemmung ; Wasserversorgung ; Politik
    Abstract: This report uses the OECD Principles on Water Governance as a tool for multi-stakeholder policy dialogue and practical assessment of the performance of flood governance systems. It applies the Principles to flood-prone contexts to help strengthen governance frameworks for managing the risks of “too much” water. By 2050, 1.6 billion people will be at risk of flooding, affecting nearly 20% of the world’s population at an increasing rate and many times over with dire social, economic and environmental consequences. In this report, a checklist is proposed as a self-assessment tool for stakeholders in flood management, based on lessons learned from 27 case studies that feature practical experiences and highlight common features and key challenges in flood governance.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264640139
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (370 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe PISA 2018 Results (Volume I): What Students Know and Can Do
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe PISA 2018 Ergebnisse (Band I): Was Schülerinnen und Schüler wissen und können
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Le Programme international de l’OCDE pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) analyse les connaissances des élèves en compréhension de l’écrit, en mathématiques et en sciences ainsi que leur capacité à utiliser ces connaissances. Cette évaluation internationale des acquis des élèves est à ce jour la plus complète et la plus ri-goureuse qui soit. Les résultats de l’enquête PISA révèlent la qualité et l’équité de l’apprentissage à travers le monde, et donnent aux professionnels de l’éducation et aux responsables politiques la possibilité de découvrir les politiques et pratiques d’autres pays et de s’en inspirer. Ce volume est le premier des six qui présentent les résultats de l’évaluation PISA de 2018, la septième édition de cette enquête triennale. Le Volume I, Savoirs et savoir-faire des élèves, examine de manière approfondie la performance des élèves en compréhension de l’écrit, en mathématiques et en sciences, et décrit l’évolution de leur performance depuis les évaluations PISA précédentes.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : OECD, UNDP | Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264580213
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Keywords: Education ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Development ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: As the world's premier forum for international economic co-operation, the G20 plays a critical role in helping to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Based on robust evidence and available data, this report examines how the G20's contributions to the global goals across key sectors are already making a difference, while also suggesting where it could go further in leading by example to support the global goals. Collectively, G20 members account for around 85% of global gross domestic product, 75% of world trade and 80% of global carbon dioxide emissions – to name just a few areas of the G20's influence. This report, commissioned by the Government of Japan in support of its 2019 G20 Presidency, takes stock of the G20's progress to date against its Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : OECD | Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264900844 , 9789264561724 , 9789264851702
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing climate change mitigation through agriculture
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Agrarpolitik ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Agrarpolitik ; Weltlandwirtschaft ; Klimaschutz
    Abstract: Agriculture, with its growing contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions and opportunities to mitigate emissions, can help close the gap between existing global mitigation efforts and those that are needed to keep global warming to between 1.5 °C and 2 °C by the end of the century. Global scale and farm scale analyses are used to evaluate both the effectiveness of different policy options to reduce agricultural emissions, and the impact on competitiveness, farm income, food security, and government finances. In order to contribute to global mitigation efforts, countries will need to design agricultural policy measures that can navigate these trade-offs within the context of their national policy priorities and objectives. As most countries have not yet implemented policies to reduce emissions from agriculture, the analyses provided here come at an opportune time to inform this policy development.
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264675957 , 9789264897373 , 9789264513549
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Human Acceleration of the Nitrogen Cycle: Managing Risks and Uncertainty
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: Cette publication examine les risques associés au rejet d'azote en excès dans l'environnement (changement climatique, appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone, pollution de l'air, pollution de l'eau, perte de biodiversité, détérioration de la qualité des sols). Le rapport examine également l'incertitude associée à la capacité de l'azote de passer d'un écosystème à un autre et de provoquer des « effets en cascade ». Outre une meilleure gestion des risques liés à l'azote au niveau local, il faut considérer les risques au niveau global liés à l’augmentation continue des concentrations d’hémioxyde d’azote et prévenir l’excès d’azote sous toutes ses formes en élaborant des stratégies efficaces au regard de leurs coûts pour toutes les sources. La publication fournit des indications sur l’utilisation des instruments de politique relative à l’azote et sur la manière d’assurer la cohérence avec des objectifs tels que la sécurité alimentaire, la sécurité énergétique et les objectifs environnementaux autres que la réduction de la pollution par l’azote.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264952010 , 9789264720220 , 9789264892736
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als A flying start
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Berufsbildung ; Education
    Abstract: Addressing teacher education in all its complexity is fundamental to ensuring that all students reach their potential in today’s increasingly diverse classrooms and rapidly changing environment. This report provides insight into key features of selected teacher preparation systems by analysing the information collected in the OECD Initial Teacher Preparation (ITP) study. The ITP study investigated the policy environments of the first phase of continuous teacher learning in seven countries to identify challenges, strengths and innovations: Australia, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, the United States and Wales (United Kingdom). A Flying Start: Improving Initial Teacher Preparation Systems describes the challenges of designing and sustaining initial teacher preparation systems and proposes strategies for different levels of the system (policy, teacher education institutions and schools), based on both international evidence and practices identified in the study. The report can therefore act as a resource for policy makers, teacher educators, educational leaders, teachers and the research community.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264581890
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (326 p.) , 17 x 24cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quelle école pour demain ? : Bâtir un système scolaire pour le XXIe siècle
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Primera Clase : Cómo construir una escuela de calidad para el siglo XXI
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe World Class: How to Build a 21st-Century School System
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Weltklasse: Schule für das 21. Jahrhundert gestalten
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Num mundo em que as coisas que são fáceis de ensinar e testar também se tornaram fáceis de digitalizar e de serem automatizadas, será a nossa imaginação, nossa consciência e nosso senso de responsabilidade que nos ajudarão a aproveitar as oportunidades do século 21 para transformar o mundo num lugar melhor. As escolas de amanhã terão de ajudar os alunos a pensar por si mesmos e a se juntarem a outros, com empatia, no trabalho e na cidadania. Elas terão que ajudar os alunos a desenvolver um forte senso de certo e errado, e também sensibilidade para com as reivindicações de outros. De que as escolas vão precisar para conseguirem tornar isso realidade? Andreas Schleicher, criador do PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), um programa da OCDE, e uma autoridade internacional em política educacional, acompanhou líderes educacionais em mais de 70 países em seus esforços para criar e implementar políticas e práticas voltadas para o futuro. Embora as melhoras na educação sejam mais fáceis de proclamar que de serem atingidas, neste livro Schleicher examina os muitos casos de sucesso a partir dos quais há algo a aprender. Isso não tem nada a ver com copiar e colar soluções de outras escolas ou países, e sim com olhar seriamente e com serenidade para boas práticas em nossos próprios países ou em outros, para compreender o que funciona e em que contextos. Especialista em Física, Schleicher oferece uma perspectiva única na reforma da educação: ele argumenta, de forma convincente, que ela não deveria deixar de ser arte, mas ser principalmente uma ciência. “Ninguém no mundo sabe mais sobre Educação que Andreas Schleicher. Ponto final. Pela primeira vez, ele compilou 20 anos de patrimônio intelectual em um só lugar. A leitura de Primeira classe deveria ser obrigatória para os formuladores de políticas públicas e qualquer pessoa que queira saber como nossas escolas podem se adaptar ao mundo moderno – e ajudar todas as crianças a aprenderem por si mesmas.” Amanda Ripley, author of The Smartest Kids in the World, um bestseller do New York Times “[Schleicher]…compreende as questões mais importantes, e o faz encostando o ouvido no chão e descobrindo soluções conjuntamente a uma variedade de líderes de todos os níveis do sistema e em diversas sociedades.” Michael Fullan, Diretor da Global Leadership, New Pedagogies for Deep Learning “Todos os líderes visionários que encaram com seriedade o aprimoramento da aprendizagem escolar deveriam incluir este livro, totalmente baseado em evidências – Primeira Classe: Como construir um sistema educacional para o século 21 – no topo de sua lista de leituras.” Jeb Bush, 43º Governador da Flórida, e fundador e Presidente da Fundação pela Excelência em Educação “…um livro que precisa ser lido por aqueles que desejam criar um futuro no qual as oportunidades econômicas possam ser compartilhadas por todos.” Klaus Schwab, Fundador e Presidente Executivo do Fórum Econômico Mundial “Neste livro oportuno e visionário, um dos educadores mais capacitados do mundo se baseia em dados impressionantes, observações argutas e considerável sensatez para indicar os caminhos de uma educação efetiva para todos os jovens.” – Howard Gardner, Diretor Senior do Projeto Zero, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação de Harvard
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264799752 , 9789264887565 , 9789264632080
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Individual Learning Accounts: Panacea or Pandora's Box?
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: In einer Zeit, in der strukturelle Veränderungen Umschulungen und Höherqualifizierungen notwendig machen, steht die Weiterbildungspolitik aufgrund der in vielen Ländern beobachteten Zunahme atypischer Beschäftigungsformen und der stärkeren Fragmentierung beruflicher Laufbahnen vor neuen Herausforderungen. Individuelle Weiterbildungskonten stoßen bei den Politikverantwortlichen derzeit erneut auf Interesse, da sie die Möglichkeit bieten, Weiterbildungsansprüche von einem Arbeitsplatz oder Erwerbsstatus auf einen anderen zu übertragen. Dieser Bericht untersucht frühere und bestehende individuelle Weiterbildungskonten und andere individuelle Programme zur Finanzierung weiterführenden Lernens und stützt sich dabei auf die vorhandene Fachliteratur sowie auf sechs neue Fallstudien, die von der OECD in Auftrag gegeben wurden: das oberösterreichische Bildungskonto, das französische Compte Personnel de Formation, die schottischen Individual Learning Accounts/Individual Training Accounts, der singapurische SkillsFuture Credit, die toskanische Carta ILA und die Individual Training Accounts in Michigan und Washington in den Vereinigten Staaten. Der Bericht beschreibt die mit diesen Programmen gemachten Erfahrungen, benennt ihre Vor- und Nachteile sowie die wichtigsten Zielkonflikte und Fragen, die es bei der Konzeption eines erfolgreichen Programms zu beachten gilt, insbesondere Zielgruppenorientierung, Finanzierung, Beteiligung unterrepräsentierter Gruppen und Qualität.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264332485 , 9789264497627 , 9789264842342
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Individuelle Weiterbildungskonten: Allheilmittel oder Büchse der Pandora?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Individual learning accounts
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment
    Abstract: A rise in non-standard work in many countries and an increased fragmentation of worker careers have created new challenges for training policies at a time when structural transformation is creating a need for both re- and up-skilling. Individual learning accounts have received renewed attention from policy makers, due to their ability to make training rights “portable” from one job or employment status to another. This report examines past and existing individual learning accounts and other individual schemes to finance training, based on a review of the existing literature as well as six new case studies commissioned by the OECD: The Upper Austrian Bildungskonto, the French Compte Personnel de Formation, the Scottish Individual Learning Accounts/Individual Training Accounts, the Singapore SkillsFuture Credit, the Tuscan Carta ILA, and the Individual Training Accounts in Michigan and Washington in the United States. The report takes stock of these experiences and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of such schemes, as well as the key trade-offs and questions to consider in designing a successful scheme, including targeting, funding, participation of under-represented groups and quality issues.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264308138 , 9789264390973 , 9789264814479
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD review of higher education, research and innovation
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Innovation ; Technologie ; Hochschulpolitik ; Produktivität ; Portugal ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Hochschule ; Innovation ; Technologie ; Hochschulpolitik
    Abstract: Portugal aims to develop a more innovative, inclusive and productive economy, and to ensure that the ensuing benefits are widely distributed, regionally and socially. This report assesses the extent to which Portugal’s higher education, research and innovation system is well configured to help Portugal achieve its vision of inclusive innovation, and identify which policy options might help it achieve its goals. The assessment and the related recommendations focus on: 1) governance, strategy and funding in higher education, research and innovation; 2) the missions, profiles and use of resources of higher education institutions; 3) undergraduate and master’s level education activities; 4) doctoral training activities; 5) academic careers; 6) high-skill employment and business innovation.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264987272 , 9789264805958 , 9789264550100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The space economy in figures
    Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Luftfahrtindustrie ; Welt ; Education ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Raumfahrt ; Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie
    Abstract: The space economy is expanding and becoming increasingly global, driven by the development of ever-more governmental space programmes around the world, the multiplication of commercial actors in value chains, durable digitalisation trends, and new space systems coming of age. This report describes these emerging trends using new and internationally comparable data and indicators. It highlights the growing importance of space activities for the economy, for developing country strategies (based on original official development assistance statistics), for the pursuit of knowledge and scientific discoveries, and for society in general. To get the most out of space investments and promote sustained socio-economic growth, this report provides some recommendations to countries in building up their statistical evidence on space actors and activities.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264890855 , 9789264940543 , 9789264986053
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Decentralisation Work: A Handbook for Policy-Makers
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport traite des tendances actuelles des politiques de décentralisation des pays de l’OCDE et au-delà, et de la marche à suivre pour réussir la décentralisation. Parfois qualifiée de révolution « silencieuse » ou « discrète », la décentralisation compte parmi les réformes les plus importantes de ces cinquante dernières années. Les résultats que la décentralisation produit – en termes de démocratie, d’efficience, de transparence, de développement régional et local – dépendent pour une large part de la manière dont la décentralisation est pensée et mise en œuvre. Il est d’autant plus crucial de mettre autant que possible les avantages de la décentralisation au service du développement régional qu’il existe actuellement une « géographie du mécontentement » et une fracture grandissante entre les territoires qui se sentent les laissés pour compte de la mondialisation et des évolutions technologiques, et ceux qui peuvent profiter des possibilités offertes par les opportunités liées à la mondialisation. Ce rapport livre 10 principes directeurs pour une décentralisation efficace et propice au développement régional. Outre ces principes, il propose des outils pratiques à l’intention des décideurs, dont des ensembles de recommandations détaillées, des outils d'auto-évaluation, des indications sur les écueils à éviter et des exemples de bonnes pratiques, dans les pays à structure unitaire et fédérale.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264584273 , 9789264385535 , 9789264930810
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovation, Productivity and Sustainability in Food and Agriculture: Main Findings from Country Reviews and Policy Lessons
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Des marchés qui fonctionnent bien dans un environnement réglementaire et de politique publique stable sont essentiels pour améliorer la productivité et la durabilité du secteur alimentaire et agricole. Cela permettrait au secteur de répondre à la demande croissante d'aliments sains, sûrs et nutritifs sans endommager les ressources naturelles, ainsi que de faire face aux défis croissants imposés par le changement climatique. Le présent rapport contient les principales conclusions et leçons tirées d’une série d’examens par pays sur la manière dont les politiques publiques peuvent améliorer la productivité et la durabilité sectorielles grâce à leurs effets sur l’innovation, les changements structurels, l’utilisation des ressources naturelles et le changement climatique. Pour améliorer l'environnement de l’action publique, il faudrait supprimer les politiques qui faussent le plus les marchés et retiennent les agriculteurs dans des activités peu compétitives et à faible revenu, nuisent à l'environnement, freinent l'innovation, ralentissent les changements structurels et générationnels et affaiblissent la capacité de résilience. La politique agricole devrait plutôt s’orienter vers des mesures facilitant l'adoption de technologies et de pratiques qui utilisent les ressources de manière plus efficace et durable, et qui contribuent à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Comme indiqué dans toutes les revues, il est important que les systèmes d'innovation agricole soient davantage collaboratifs et répondent mieux aux besoins réels. Cela nécessite souvent des systèmes de gouvernance plus efficaces, incluant l'élaboration de stratégies à long terme, le renforcement des liens entre les acteurs nationaux et internationaux et la mise au point de procédures d'évaluation complètes et cohérentes. Le financement public de la recherche alimentaire et agricole est crucial et les efforts du secteur privé doivent être renforcés, notamment par le biais de partenariats public-privé. Les systèmes de conseil et de vulgarisation agricoles doivent inclure des prestataires publics et privés compétitifs qui répondent à l’ensemble des besoins. Enfin, l'amélioration de la cohérence globale des politiques contribuerait à renforcer la confiance et à accroître l'efficacité des politiques à chaque étape de la chaîne alimentaire et agricole.
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.193
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Curriculum plays an important role in ensuring continuity and progression from early childhood education and care (ECEC) to primary education. The alignment of curricula and standards across these settings shapes children’s early experiences with education systems, with implications for children’s relationships and engagement in both ECEC and primary school, as well as longer-term learning and well-being outcomes. Governments can achieve curricular continuity in various ways, ranging from high-level alignment of goals across multiple curriculum documents to full integration of the curriculum into a single document that covers both ECEC and primary school. The broader contexts of education systems, such as organisation and governance, the training of staff and teachers who work in these settings, matter for curricular continuity – and an integrated curriculum alone does not guarantee a continuous experience for children. International data and in-depth case studies from seven jurisdictions (Japan, Luxembourg, New Jersey [United States], New Zealand, Norway, Scotland [United Kingdom] and Victoria [Australia]) provide insights to these different approaches to curricular alignment.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Diversité culturelle dans les établissements : Quelles sont les approches qui sont adoptées dans les systèmes d’éducation ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Today’s multicultural learning environments are both a challenge and an opportunity for countries. Education systems not only play a critical role in the integration of students from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds, but should also aim to have all students value diversity and contribute to the building of a diverse yet inclusive society as global citizens. TALIS 2018 survey questions on diversity are centred on the context of students’ experiences at both the school and classroom level. Therefore, this data is an opportunity to compare teachers’ and schools’ capacities to respond to these objectives, as well as to supplement the body of existing research on student outcomes and achievement. The insights from this data are one-of-a-kind, as they address a critical information gap in educational policy making.
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.194
    Keywords: Education ; Sweden
    Abstract: Within OECD countries, Sweden has historically welcomed large numbers of migrants, in particular migrants seeking humanitarian protection. Since 2015, this large influx of new arrivals with multiple disadvantages has put a well-developed integration system under great pressure and highlighted a number of challenges for education policy given current institutional frameworks. PISA 2015 shows that immigrant students fare considerably worse than native students in terms of academic and well-being outcomes also after accounting for differences in social-economic background. The OECD has identified four priority areas for Sweden for closing the gap between immigrant and native students: (1) Facilitating the access of immigrants to school choice, (2) Building teaching capacity, (3) Providing language training and (4) Strengthening the management of diversity. The findings in this Spotlight Report are based on existing OECD work in the area of immigrant integration in education, OECD and national data, a questionnaire on the range of policies and practices in Sweden and good practice examples for the integration in the education system in peer-learner countries and regions [Austria, Germany, the Netherlands and North America (Canada and the United States)], which were identified of particular relevance for Sweden. The report also includes policy pointers on what policies and practices Sweden could adopt to respond to the current integration challenges in the four priority areas.
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  • 52
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.93
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Why don’t more girls choose to pursue a science career?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Chaque nouvelle publication de données PISA est l’occasion pour des chercheurs du monde entier de se lancer dans de nouvelles analyses afin d’apporter un nouvel éclairage sur des questions de toutes sortes. Parmi celles-ci, l’une reste pour l’instant sans réponse : comment expliquer la sous-représentation des femmes dans les professions en rapport avec les sciences, la technologie, l’ingénierie et les mathématiques (STIM) ? À partir des données du Programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA), Gijsbert Stoet et David Geary se sont intéressés à la nature des écarts entre les sexes dans les domaines des STIM. Ils ont analysé les données de 67 pays et économies ayant participé au cycle 2015 de l’enquête PISA, analyse que sont venus compléter des indicateurs nationaux d’égalité entre les sexes (indice global d’égalité entre les sexes) et le pourcentage de femmes diplômées en STIM. Et leurs travaux se sont avérés des plus fructueux…
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.200
    Keywords: Education ; Austria
    Abstract: Prepared for a CERI (Centre for Educational Research and Innovation) Strategic Education Governance Learning Seminar, this working paper analyses an ongoing reform in Austria to change the traditional sector-specific “supervision” of different school types to a system of quality management of all schools in the region and to introduce a new external school evaluation body. The paper identifies four pertinent areas for lasting success of the reform: a new focus on quality management and monitoring; a restructuring of existing sector-specific school supervision bodies; creating a shared vision of quality and educational goals; and ensuring reliable and useful knowledge. Employing a complexity perspective to governance, the paper highlights that long-term sustainability of the reform requires a compelling narrative clarifying how school supervision supports education improvement and how supervision fits into wider education policy. The analysis further underlines the principle of co-creation in developing quality frameworks and establishing the methodology for the new external school evaluation body; and also for school leaders and school supervisors to drive the development of their new professional identities. Finally, to provide useful knowledge for schools and the system, the new external evaluation body should focus on the improvement of teaching and learning.
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  • 54
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.96
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How are school-choice policies related to social diversity in schools?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dans la quasi-totalité des systèmes scolaires, l’affectation des élèves dans les établissements d’enseignement publics se fait, au moins en partie, sur la base de leur lieu de résidence. Les élèves se voient ainsi en général affectés dans l’établissement d’enseignement le plus proche de leur domicile. L’objectif principal pourrait être d’éviter aux élèves des trajets longs et coûteux entre leur maison et l’école. Toutefois, ces dernières décennies, de nombreux pays ont adopté des réformes élargissant les possibilités de choix d’établissement à disposition des familles en assouplissant le lien entre lieu de résidence et affectation scolaire. Quel est l’impact de ces réformes sur la composition sociale des établissements d’enseignement ?
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  • 55
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.64
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How decentralised are education systems, and what does it mean for schools?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Le renforcement de l’autonomie des établissements d’enseignement est une mesure populaire, qui peut toutefois aussi s’avérer complexe et parfois même sujette à controverse. Nombre de systèmes d’éducation ont renforcé l’autonomie des établissements d’enseignement dans l’espoir de gagner en efficacité et de mieux répondre aux besoins locaux. Dans certains pays, toutefois, le renforcement de cette autonomie soumet les établissements d’enseignement et les acteurs locaux à une pression accrue. Pour porter ses fruits, le renforcement de l’autonomie des établissements d’enseignement doit se fonder sur un ensemble d’éléments clés : un cadre national solide et une vision stratégique claire ; des programmes de formation bien adaptés pour les chefs d’établissement et les enseignants ; de solides dispositifs de responsabilisation ; et l’instauration d’un climat de collaboration, tant entre les établissements d’enseignement qu’au sein de ceux-ci.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (101 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.212
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This systematic review investigates the relevance of general pedagogical knowledge for successful teaching. It synthesises the empirical evidence of 10 769 teaching professionals and 853 452 students from primary to tertiary education in 21 countries. The meta-analysis of 20 quantitative studies revealed significant effects for teaching quality and student outcomes (Cohen’s d = .64 and .26), indicating that more knowledgeable teachers achieve a three-month additional progress for students. The three themes emerging from 31 qualitative studies underline that general pedagogical knowledge is a crucial resource for teaching. Results also show that teaching requires knowledge about a range of topics, specific skills and other competences to transform knowledge into practice. Teachers need training and practical experience to acquire knowledge, which they apply according to the pedagogical situation at hand. The results allow for important conclusions for policy, practice and research.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.70
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comment la comparabilité des statistiques relatives à l’éducation et à l’accueil des jeunes enfants peut-elle être améliorée ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The types of services available to children and their parents vary significantly across OECD countries. This makes international comparisons of ECEC more challenging. The revision of ISCED in 2011 was a significant first step towards better identifying the education component of ECEC programmes and capturing information about ECEC services designed for children under the age of 3. Extending this typology to ECEC services that are considered an integral part of countries’ ECEC provision but do not comply with all the ISCED 0 criteria, offers opportunities to better understand enrolment statistics. While much progress has been made in recent years, additional efforts are needed to pursue the development of ECEC indicators to take into account other characteristics that affect the interpretation and comparability of statistics across countries.
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.209
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper describes and evaluates a multistage adaptive testing (MSAT) design that was implemented for the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 main survey for the major domain of Reading. Through a simulation study, recovery of item-response theory model parameters and measurement precision were examined. The PISA 2018 MSAT design resulted in a parameter recovery as good as the operational benchmark, and measurement precision was improved by 4 to 5% with gains up to 10% at the extreme performance levels.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Education ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finland
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Education ; Economics ; Finland
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Observer Roundtable on Finland
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Education ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finland
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264429208 , 9789264580145 , 9789264924338
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: The German vocational education and training (VET) system is admired around the world for its ability to prepare young people for skilled employment. In Germany, VET smooths transitions into work and is closely aligned with labour market demand. This report focuses on an unprecedented test of the German VET system: how to respond to the significant increase in migrants who arrived in the country in 2015-16. The study explores both the opportunities and the challenges presented by migration. Germany has already devoted significant attention to VET as a mechanism for enabling integration – and for good reason. Work-based learning assists integration because it demonstrably gives learners skills that employers want in real-world settings. The report assesses the barriers faced by learners in their journeys into and through VET, exploring how such challenges can be addressed. In addition, the study looks at system-wide issues in relation to how VET provision and integration policy is governed. Lastly, it explores opportunities for increased flexibility in the German VET system of relevance to all youth at risk of not succeeding in VET. In responding to migrant needs, German VET can become more inclusive without reducing quality
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveroeffentlichers)
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264446106 , 9789264807808 , 9789264558045
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Revisión de Políticas Nacionales de Educación
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Future of Mexican Higher Education: Promoting Quality and Equity
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: Este estudio se realizó a solicitud de las autoridades mexicanas para revisar la política de educación superior en México como una contribución al nuevo gobierno que tomaría posesión de la administración nacional a partir del 1 de diciembre de 2018. Dicha revisión, efectuada por la secretaría de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), en cooperación con tres peritos internacionales, hace un balance del estado del sector de la educación superior en México así como de las políticas públicas clave implementadas por los gobiernos federal y estatales. Dicho balance reporta los avances en la materia desde la última revisión realizada por la propia OCDE en el año 2008. La OCDE examina las estructuras administrativas nacionales y de cooperación para ofrecer guías al sistema de educación superior en aspectos como la relevancia de las estrategias nacionales existentes, el financiamiento público para las instituciones, la regulación y el aseguramiento externo de la calidad, la equidad social y la innovación de los modelos educativos. Las recomendaciones clave están relacionadas con necesidades como: determinar las responsabilidades sobre las políticas de educación superior y su gestión entre niveles de gobierno; desarrollar una interpretación más responsable de la autonomía universitaria; diseñar y aplicar mecanismos más transparentes y sostenibles del financiamiento público; fortalecer la regulación de la oferta educativa del sector privado al ampliar la cobertura del aseguramiento externo de la calidad en todo el sistema, así como mejorar las medidas públicas para apoyar la equidad (acceso y finalización exitosa). Con los resultados aquí expuestos se tiene el propósito de ofrecer información útil para el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo del nuevo gobierno y su Programa de Educación Sectorial correspondiente. Este informe complementa además otro proyecto más específico titulado Educación superior en México. Resultados y relevancia para el mercado laboral.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264651272 , 9789264882560 , 9789264625976
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (242 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Li, Richard Ruochen OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Georgien ; Education ; Governance ; Georgia ; Georgien ; Bildungswesen
    Abstract: Georgia has made remarkable progress in expanding education access and improving education quality. Nevertheless, the majority of children in Georgia leave school without mastering the basic competencies for life and work. Moreover, students’ background is becoming a greater influence on their achievement. This review, developed in partnership with UNICEF, provides Georgia with recommendations to strengthen its evaluation and assessment system to focus on helping students learn. It will be of interest to countries that wish to strengthen their own evaluation and assessment systems and, in turn, improve educational outcomes.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264499348 , 9789264924062 , 9789264653474
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: This report discusses the main results of a project on how an influx of funds could spur development of cleaner public transport, and reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in large urban centres in Moldova, by providing an analysis for designing a green public investment programme in this sector. This sector represents an opportunity for Moldova to address key objectives in its environmental and climate-related policies as part of the country’s ambitions to transition to a green economic path of development. The investment programme is also designed to support the modernisation of the urban transport fleet in the country and stimulate the domestic market to shift to modern buses powered by clean fuels. The programme is foreseen to be implemented in two phases: the first covers the cities of Chisinau and Balti and the second extends to areas outside of the initial pilot city centres (pilot city suburbs as well as inter-city transport). These investments are expected to result in significant environmental, public service and socio-economic benefits.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264583436 , 9789264716810 , 9789264631939
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The governance of land use in Korea
    Keywords: Städtische Flächennutzung ; Stadterneuerung ; Südkorea ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Stadtentwicklung ; Landnutzung ; Bürgerbeteiligung
    Abstract: This report examines land-use trends, policies and practices in Korea, in particular in the city of Busan, through the lens of urban regeneration and citizen participation. Land-use planning is critical for the efficient and inclusive management of cities, pursuing sustainable and balanced development and improving quality of life and regional competitiveness. Korea has benefitted from comprehensive and well-structured, hierarchical land-use planning and urban regeneration frameworks. However, faced with a series of demographic and economic challenges, together with geographic factors and historical developments, Korea needs to re-evaluate land-use management and urban regeneration to leverage inclusive growth and boost competitiveness in Korean cities. This report argues that involving citizens in land-use planning and urban regeneration is essential to collect better quality information as a basis for plans, decisions and outcomes. This report is of relevant to urban planners, land use especialists, and city managers who work on urban regeneration projects and citizens’ participation.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264845930 , 9789264565388 , 9789264574397
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regions in industrial transition
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Regionalentwicklung ; Industrieregion ; Alte Industrieregion ; Regionalpolitik ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Regionale Wirtschaftsplanung ; Regionale Wirtschaftsförderung ; Industriepolitik
    Abstract: This report offers guidance on how to manage industrial transition and is directed towards all policymakers seeking to improve the “what” and “how” of policies that promote industrial change. It identifies how regions in industrial transition can become more competitive and more resilient in the context of major shifts brought about by globalisation, decarbonisation and ongoing technological change. It takes stock of discussions emanating from a series of peer-learning workshops jointly organised in 2018 by the European Commission and the OECD. The report presents a number of implementation tools that policymakers have at their disposal to activate regional innovation potential to help tackle these challenges and the often accompanying ones such as an unsuitable skills base, unemployment due to deindustrialisation, and limited investment opportunities. Bringing together economic analysis and regional and country practice from the participating regions and countries on the topics of the future of work, entrepreneurship, innovation, transitioning to a climate-neutral economy and inclusive growth, the report identifies cross-cutting lessons to help policy-makers better design the next generation of smart specialisation and regional innovation strategies.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264375376 , 9789264312838 , 9789264530188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Large and persistent inequalities in regional economic performance within countries exist throughout the OECD. The 2019 Regional Outlook discusses the underlying causes of economic disparities across regions and highlights the need for place-based policies to address them. The report makes the case that place-based policies are especially important in light of growing public discontent with the economic, social and political status quo in many regions. The geographical patterns of public discontent are closely related to the degree of regional inequalities and policies to address public discontent need to have a place-based dimension. Place-based policies will become even more important in the future due to several technological, demographic and environmental megatrends. This Regional Outlook emphasises that all regions will be affected by these megatrends, but their effects will vary from region to region, even within the same country. Appropriate policy responses need to take this diversity into account and should be tailored to the region-specific impacts of global megatrends. Insofar as possible, this Regional Outlook presents steps that policy makers can take today to make the next generation of regional policies fit for the future.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264662643 , 9789264638105 , 9789264378216
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport a pour objectif d’apporter une contribution pour l'amélioration des statistiques territoriales en Tunisie afin de soutenir une croissance inclusive et repartie équitablement sur l'ensemble du territoire national. Le rapport propose, en premier lieu, une classification statistique des territoires tunisiens qui permet les comparaisons internationales avec les pays de l’OCDE en termes de tendances socio-économiques dans les zones urbaines et rurales. Ces classifications ainsi qu’un ensemble d’indicateurs statistiques sont ensuite utilisés pour analyser le développement régional en Tunisie et aider à identifier les principaux défis et opportunités de le rendre plus fort et inclusif. Le rapport examine également les aspects de la gouvernance du système des statistiques en Tunisie et propose des recommandations pour une meilleure gouvernance dudit système et améliorer sa capacité à fournir des statistiques territoriales robustes et à jour.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264842441 , 9789264783195 , 9789264573925
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Seven Questions about Apprenticeships: Answers from International Experience
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'apprentissage et l'alternance en sept questions : Leçons des expériences internationales
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Nachdem betriebliche Ausbildungen und andere Formen des arbeitsplatzbasierten Lernens in vielen Ländern eine gewisse Zeit relativ vernachlässigt worden sind, gewinnen sie nun wieder an Bedeutung. Dabei wird zunehmend gewürdigt, dass sie nicht nur den Übergang von der Schule ins Erwerbsleben erleichtern, sondern auch für die Wirtschaft von Nutzen sind. Es ist allerdings nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung, Auszubildende, Ausbildungsbetriebe, Sozialpartner sowie Bildungs- und Ausbildungssysteme in das arbeitsplatzbasierte Lernen einzubinden. Vor diesem Hintergrund enthält Sieben Fragen zur betrieblichen Ausbildung Anregungen zur Ausgestaltung und Umsetzung hochwertiger betrieblicher Ausbildungen unter Verwendung von Material aus dem OECD-Projekt Lernen am Arbeitsplatz in der beruflichen Bildung. Dieser Bericht liefert Antworten auf sieben Fragen, die sich die einzelnen Länder und Politikverantwortlichen häufig stellen, wenn es darum geht, Ausbildungssysteme für junge Menschen und/oder ältere Arbeitskräfte einzuführen oder zu reformieren. Können betriebliche Ausbildungen in jedem Land einen sinnvollen Beitrag leisten? Sollten Unternehmen finanzielle Ausbildungsanreize erhalten? Wie sieht eine angemessene Ausbildungsvergütung aus und wie lange sollte eine betriebliche Ausbildung dauern? Wie lassen sich gute Lernerfahrungen im Betrieb gewährleisten? Wie kann die betriebliche Ausbildung auf förderungsbedürftige junge Menschen ausgerichtet werden? Und wie kann das Interesse potenzieller Auszubildender geweckt werden? Ausgehend von neuen Analysen und konkreten Beispielen aus der ganzen Welt stellt diese Studie Grundregeln für ein erfolgreiches Praxishandeln vor.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264312210 , 9789264312227 , 9789264305380
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018: Concepts, Standards, Definitions and Classifications
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Depuis plus de vingt ans, l’OCDE développe et publie chaque année dans Regards sur l’Éducation une large gamme d’indicateurs comparatifs qui fournissent un aperçu du fonctionnement des systèmes éducatifs. Ces outils donnent accès à des informations essentielles sur la participation et le progrès par l’éducation, les ressources humaines et financières investies, et les retombées économiques et sociales liées au niveau de formation. Grâce à un ensemble harmonisé d’indicateurs et de définitions, ils donnent à chaque pays la possibilité de voir son système éducatif à la lumière des résultats, des pratiques et des ressources des autres pays. Les concepts, définitions, classifications et méthodologies, qui ont été élaborés pour guider les statistiques et les indicateurs, sont essentiels à la crédibilité et à la compréhension de ces comparaisons. Ce guide rassemble ces méthodologies en un seul volume de référence, fournissant un outil inestimable aux utilisateurs de Regards sur l’éducation. Ce faisant, le guide vise à faciliter une meilleure compréhension des statistiques et des indicateurs de l’OCDE et permet donc une plus grande efficacité d‘utilisation aux fins d’analyse politique. De la même manière, il constitue une référence facilement utilisable sur les conventions et les standards internationaux afin que d’autres acteurs puissent continuer la collecte et l’assimilation des données sur l’éducation. Cette édition est une mise à jour du Guide de l'OCDE pour l'établissement de statistiques internationalement comparables dans le domaine de l'éducation, publié en 2017.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264751064
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Good Practice for Good Jobs in Early Childhood Education and Care
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Die Gewinnung und Bindung von Fachkräften stellt im Bereich der frühkindlichen Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung (FBBE) seit geraumer Zeit eine Herausforderung dar. Den OECD-Ländern ist es zunehmend wichtig, dass FBBE-Fachkräfte ein hohes Qualifikationsniveau besitzen, doch führen Niedriglöhne, ein geringes Ansehen, fehlende öffentliche Anerkennung, schlechte Arbeitsbedingungen und begrenzte berufliche Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten dazu, dass die Personalgewinnung und -bindung sich häufig schwierig gestalten. Was können die einzelnen Länder tun, um einen Bestand an hochqualifizierten und gut ausgebildeten FBBE-Fachkräften aufzubauen? Welches ist der beste Weg, um die Kompetenzen der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter zu erhöhen, ohne dabei den Fachkräftemangel zu verstärken? Wie können die Länder angesichts begrenzter Ressourcen die Löhne anheben und die Arbeitsbedingungen verbessern? Auf der Grundlage früherer Arbeiten der OECD zum Thema frühkindliche Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung und Erfahrungen aus OECD-Ländern stellt dieser Bericht bewährte Maßnahmen für bessere FBBE-Arbeitsplätze und den Ausbau des Bestands hochqualifizierter Arbeitskräfte vor.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264704541 , 9789264980709 , 9789264779822
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ¿Cómo va la vida en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als How's life in the province of Córdoba, Argentina?
    Keywords: Lebensqualität ; Sozialer Indikator ; Regionalökonomik ; Stadtökonomik ; Cordoba (Argentinien, Provinz) ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Argentina
    Abstract: This report assesses well-being in the four largest urban agglomerations of the province of Córdoba and provides policy recommendations to strengthen regional development practices, and ultimately improve people’s well-being. Using around 30 statistical indicators, the report analyses the performance of Córdoba’s agglomerations in 12 well-being dimensions in comparison with 391 regions of 36 OECD countries and 98 regions of Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Costa Rica. The report also documents the well-being inequalities between Córdoba’s four agglomerations and suggests three priorities areas which the province should focus on to tackle well-being challenges: i) Ensure that well-being indicators guide future decision-making; ii) Continue strengthening and modernising the provincial statistical system to expand the evidence-base; and, iii) Strengthen governance arrangements for more effective, efficient and inclusive regional development policy outcomes.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264313835 , 9789264613645 , 9789264546431
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Stratégie 2019 de l'OCDE sur les compétences : Des compétences pour construire un avenir meilleur
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estrategia de Competencias de la OCDE 2019 : Competencias para construir un futuro mejor
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy 2019
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Skills Strategy provides a strategic and comprehensive approach for ensuring that people and countries have the skills to thrive in a complex, interconnected and rapidly changing world. The updated 2019 OECD Skills Strategy takes account of the lessons learned from applying the original skills strategy in 11 countries since 2012, while also incorporating new OECD evidence about the skills implications of megatrends, such as globalisation, digitalisation, population ageing, and migration. The Strategy also incorporates new learning from across the OECD about skills policies that work in these three broad components: developing relevant skills over the life course, using skills effectively in work and society, and strengthening the governance of skills systems.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264313859 , 9789264762121 , 9789264487604
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Skills Strategy 2019: Skills to Shape a Better Future
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estrategia de Competencias de la OCDE 2019 : Competencias para construir un futuro mejor
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Economics
    Abstract: La Stratégie de l’OCDE sur les compétences propose une approche stratégique et globale afin que les peuples et les pays puissent se doter de compétences leur permettant de s’épanouir dans un monde complexe, interconnecté et en pleine évolution. La nouvelle Stratégie 2019 de l’OCDE sur les compétences tient compte depuis 2012 des enseignements tirés de la mise en œuvre initiale de la stratégie des compétences de l’OCDE dans 11 pays, et intègre également es récentes constatations des effets des mégatendances sur les compétences, telles que la mondialisation, la transformation numérique, le vieillissement de la population et les migrations. La Stratégie tient également compte des nouvelles connaissances de l’OCDE sur les politiques en matière de compétences efficacesqui reposent sur ces trois grands axes: acquérir des compétences utiles tout au long de la vie, utiliser efficacement les compétences dans le cadre professionnel et social et, renforcer la gouvernance des systèmes de compétences.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.204
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Recent decades have revealed a gap between promises and realities of accountability in education governance, as well as further afield. Despite efforts identifying and analysing cautionary tales of accountability interventions, a systematic approach to support progressive improvements for managing accountability in complex education systems is yet to be widely adopted. This review of the interdisciplinary literature leverages the complexity paradigm to address the extant lack of clarity in theory and practice surrounding accountability. Central to this are recent research efforts that embrace accountability’s foundations as a relational exchange of accounts. The approach enables distancing accountability from misconceptions arising from its patchy track record in practice and the rhetorical usage of the term. The review discusses implications for understanding and managing accountability within contemporary strategic governance. In such an environment, this means rethinking the management of accountability stresses by practitioners as a new normal to be grappled with – and where possible attenuated – rather than the object of tractable solutions, as has been mistakenly conceived in the past.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.92
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quel lien entre la motivation des élèves, leur performance et leur anxiété ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PISA has extensively measured student achievement for over 15 years. But cognitive performance is only one aspect of success at school; another is general well-being. The PISA 2015 questionnaire included a comprehensive section on student well-being designed to understand students’ mental health, satisfaction with life, aspirations and socialisation. This PISA in Focus examines two of these aspects: motivation and anxiety.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.95
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Problems associated with the environment loom large over the future well-being of young generations. A previous issue of PISA in Focus (PISA in Focus 87) shows that in 2015 many 15-year-old students believed that the future – their future – was going to be worse, environmentally, than the present. In particular, only a minority of students (fewer than one in five, on average across OECD countries) believed that problems related to air pollution, the extinction of plants and animals, clearing forests for land use, water shortages and nuclear waste would improve over the next 20 years. But are teenagers more or less pessimistic than their parents?
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  • 79
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.97
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Does greater social diversity in schools have an impact on equity in learning outcomes?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les résultats scolaires des élèves sont influencés par leurs caractéristiques personnelles, mais aussi, entre autres facteurs, par celles des autres élèves de leur établissement. Les camarades d’école peuvent se motiver et s’entraider pour surmonter les difficultés d’apprentissage ; mais ils peuvent aussi perturber les cours, nécessiter une attention disproportionnée de la part des enseignants et devenir une source d’inquiétude. Les modalités d’affectation des élèves dans les établissements, et la mesure dans laquelle elles entraînent un creusement des différences socio-économiques ou académiques (stratification) entre les établissements, peuvent donc avoir une incidence sur les résultats d’apprentissage au niveau national. Parmi les pays et économies participant à l’enquête PISA, quels sont ceux où les élèves se concentrent particulièrement dans certains établissements en fonction de leurs niveaux scolaires ou de leur statut socio-économique ? Quel lien existe-t-il entre la ségrégation socio-économique entre les établissements et les écarts de performance entre les élèves de statuts socio-économiques différents ?
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.195
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Children in the 21st century are avid users of technology - more so than generations past. This rise in use has led to much attention on the consequences of technology use, and how this impacts children’s brains and their socio-emotional, cognitive and physical development. Much of the research in these fields, especially brain-based research, is in its infancy. Furthermore, it often shows very small correlations between technology use and child outcomes; whether technology causes these outcomes is unclear, and small effect sizes bring questions about real-life implications for children. Despite these issues, policy-makers in various countries have set guidelines for technology use in children, which are often restriction-focused. This paper explores some of the literature on the effects of technology use on children in terms of their brain, cognitive, socio-emotional and physical development, and summarises what is clearly demonstrated in the literature. It also highlights where more quality research is needed to better understand the impact of technology on children, and support the development of effective, evidence-based guidelines.
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  • 81
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.98
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Do parents of 15-year-olds know many of their child’s school friends and their parents?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les parents tissent souvent des relations enrichissantes avec les enseignants, les élèves et d’autres parents d’élèves dans les établissements scolaires de leur enfant. Ils peuvent ainsi nouer de nouvelles amitiés et contribuer au parcours scolaire de leur enfant, mais peuvent surtout contribuer indirectement à un environnement favorable dans l’établissement, en édifiant des normes de comportement plus strictes, en communiquant des informations importantes, en favorisant la confiance et en créant des passerelles entre l’établissement et la collectivité dans son ensemble. Lors de l’enquête PISA, il a été demandé aux parents des dix-huit pays et économies ayant administré le questionnaire « Parents » d’indiquer le nombre de camarades de leur enfant dont ils connaissent le nom et le nombre de parents de ces camarades qu’ils connaissent. Dans les établissements dans lesquels les parents connaissent les camarades de leur enfant et leur famille, les élèves sont davantage susceptibles de perfectionner leurs compétences, d’améliorer leurs attitudes en matière de collaboration et de se sentir plus heureux et plus en sécurité à l’école.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: Les compétences des adultes à la loupe no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How much time do adults spend on the PIAAC assessment and why does it matter?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les fichiers journaux de l’évaluation informatisée peuvent contribuer à mieux comprendre les comportements des répondants et les stratégies cognitives qu’ils adoptent. L’analyse des données du PIAAC relatives au temps met en évidence d’importants écarts concernant le temps que consacrent les participants pour répondre aux items d’évaluation ainsi que des différences majeures au niveau des pays s’agissant du pourcentage de répondants qui consacrent le temps minimum nécessaire pour comprendre un item. Ces différences dans l’intensité des efforts déployés par les répondants offrent un complément utile à l’analyse des écarts de compétences à l’échelle internationale.
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.99
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: During the past century, access to education increased in countries all over the world. Up until the early decades of the 20th century, people attended school for only a few years. Towards the end of the century, adults in high-income countries completed 12 years of schooling, on average. Today in OECD countries, a larger share of the population than ever before completes tertiary education. For many, especially socio-economically disadvantaged students whose parents had attained only low levels of education, this expanded access to education has led to upward educational mobility – attaining a higher level of education than their parents did. But just as economic growth does not necessarily reduce income inequality, so the expansion of access to education does not automatically result in greater equity in educational attainment. For that to happen, disadvantaged students need to benefit as much as or more than advantaged students. A recent PISA report, Equity in Education, explores how upward educational mobility has changed over recent decades. It finds that, despite the expansion of access, socioeconomic disparities in the completion of tertiary education remain large. However, the report also shows that when students with low-educated parents perform at high levels by age 15, as measured by PISA, their chances of completing tertiary education improve considerably.
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.94
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The rural education landscape once consisted of one-room schools where a single teacher educated, took care of and supervised students of diverse ages. While multi-grade teaching is still common in many schools, particularly in primary education, increased government spending, better transport networks and higher social expectations have given way, in many instances, to larger schools with several classrooms, teachers and grades, and a greater variety of learning opportunities. Have these changes attenuated the traditional rural-urban gap in academic performance? Are students in rural schools still less likely to go into higher education than students in urban schools? And what makes rural schools different from urban schools more generally?
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.199
    Keywords: Education ; Belgium
    Abstract: Prepared for a Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) Strategic Education Governance Learning Seminar, this working paper analyses the functioning of accountability mechanisms in the Flemish school system from a complexity perspective, particularly accountability of equity funding in primary and secondary education. The paper shows that accountability mechanisms are not highly developed, specifically to the Flemish government and to the public. As a result, it proved hard to examine if resources were used effectively and efficiently. The paper argues that a long-term perspective and step-by-step approach is needed to create a culture of evaluation and accountability. It is emphasised that a long-term strategy should start with building horizontal and more specifically professional accountability mechanisms, based on a clear picture of how accountability relates to the overall aims and vision of education. The paper suggests furthermore to strengthen the use of knowledge, both tacit knowledge among others from students, as well as knowledge from research.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.68
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Caractéristiques de la filière professionnelle du deuxième cycle de l’enseignement secondaire
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Vocational education and training can play a central role in preparing young people for work and responding to the labour market needs of the economy. While often neglected in the past, an increasing number of countries are recognising that high-quality vocational education and training can make a major contribution to economic competitiveness. In an unpredictable future where jobs will either disappear or transform, vocational education and training, together with work-based learning, can respond to this challenge by offering an excellent opportunity to nurture the skills employers require.
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.201
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Large-scale surveys such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), and the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competences (PIAAC) use advanced statistical models to estimate scores of latent traits from multiple observed responses. The comparison of such estimated scores across different groups of respondents is valid to the extent that the same set of estimated parameters holds in each group surveyed. This issue of invariance of parameter estimates is addressed in model fit indices which gauge the likelihood that one set of parameters can be used across all groups. Therefore, the problem of scale invariance across groups of respondents can typically be framed as the question of how well a single model fits the responses of all groups. However, the procedures used to evaluate the fit of these models pose a series of theoretical and practical problems. The most commonly applied procedures to establish invariance of cognitive and non-cognitive scales across countries in large-scale surveys are developed within the framework of confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. The criteria that are commonly applied to evaluate the fit of such models, such as the decrement of the Comparative Fit Index in confirmatory factor analysis, work normally well in the comparison of a small number of countries or groups, but can perform poorly in large-scale surveys featuring a large number of countries. More specifically, the common criteria often result in the non-rejection of metric invariance; however, the step from metric invariance (i.e. identical factor loadings across countries) to scalar invariance (i.e. identical intercepts, in addition to identical factor loadings) appears to set overly restrictive standards for scalar invariance (i.e. identical intercepts). This report sets out to identify and apply novel procedures to evaluate model fit across a large number of groups, or novel scaling models that are more likely to pass common model fit criteria.
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.96
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quels liens entre les politiques de libre choix des établissements et la mixité sociale à l’école ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In almost all school systems, students are assigned to public schools based, at least partly, on their home address. Through this policy, students are typically assigned to the school closest to their home. The main objective may be to avoid long and costly commutes to and from school. However, over the past few decades, many countries have implemented reforms that provide more school options to families by loosening the link between home address and school. How do these reforms affect the social composition of schools?
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: Les compétences des adultes à la loupe no.11
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Investing in the skills of adult immigrants
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: L’apprentissage tout au long de la vie est particulièrement important pour les immigrés, qui sont souvent défavorisés sur le plan de la langue et des compétences valorisées sur le marché du travail de leur pays d’accueil. Cependant, les adultes nés à l’étranger sont moins susceptibles, en comparaison avec leurs pairs autochtones, de participer à des formations et se heurtent à des obstacles financiers et non financiers plus importants pour prendre part à ces formations. Il convient de déployer des efforts politiques visant non seulement à multiplier les possibilités de formation mais aussi à éliminer les obstacles empêchant la participation à ces activités.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trois atouts qui doivent permettre à la Finlande de garder une longueur d’avance
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Education ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe En route vers une nouvelle mobilité
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe When the going gets easier
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264920583 , 9789264826151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD mining regions and cities case study
    Keywords: Bergbau ; Regionalentwicklung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Outokumpu ; Karelien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Finland ; Nordkarelien ; Bergbaugebiet ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: This report identifies 12 recommendations that can assist the municipality of Outokumpu and the region of North Karelia in Finland to become key players in the national mining strategy and attain sustainable economic growth by: focusing on mobilising the potential of the local mining value chain, diversifying and developing new sources of economic growth, and improving governance co-ordination. It is part of a project that is building a platform for knowledge sharing and co-operation on increasing productivity and enhancing the well-being of cities and regions with a specialisation in the mining and extractive sector (metals, minerals, and energy resources).
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264923751 , 9789264715165 , 9789264444676
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (233 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe TALIS 2018 Results (Volume I): Teachers and School Leaders as Lifelong Learners
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les enseignants consacrent-ils davantage de temps à l’enseignement et à l’apprentissage dans un cours type par rapport aux années précédentes? Se sentent-ils préparés à enseigner lorsqu’ils débutent dans le métier? À quel type de programmes de développement professionel continu participent-ils et quel en est l’impact sur leur pratique? Ce rapport examine tout d’abord comment les enseignants appliquent leurs connaissances et leurs compétences dans la classe sous forme de pratiques pédagogiques, et s’accompagne d’une analyse de la composition démographique de ces classes et du climat de l’établissement en vue de fournir un contexte sur les environnements d’apprentissage. Le volume étudie ensuite la manière dont les enseignants acquièrent leurs connaissances et leurs compétences au cours de leurs études et formation, ainsi que les moyens qu’ils prennent pour les développer par le biais du développement professionnel continu au cours de leur carrière. Ce rapport, qui s’appuie sur les voix des enseignants et des chefs d’établissement, offre une série d’orientations stratégiques visant à renforcer les connaissances et les compétences du corps enseignant à l’appui de sa professionnalisation. L’Enquête internationale sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage de l’OCDE (TALIS) est la seule enquête de cette envergure qui interroge les enseignants et les chefs d’établissement sur leurs conditions de travail et leurs environnements d’apprentissage, et agit comme un baromètre de la profession tous les cinq ans. Les résultats du cycle 2018 explorent et examinent les diverses dimensions du professionnalisme de l’enseignant et du chef d’établissement dans les systèmes éducatifs.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264402119 , 9789264650916 , 9789264541344
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Résultats de TALIS 2018 (Volume I) : Des enseignants et chefs d’établissement en formation à vie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als TALIS 2018 results ; volume I: Teachers and school leaders as lifelong learners
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Do teachers spend more time on actual teaching and learning in a typical lesson compared to previous years? Do they feel prepared to teach when they start teaching? What sort of continuous professional development programmes do they participate in and how does it impact their practice? This report looks first at how teachers apply their knowledge and skills in the classroom in the form of teaching practices, with an accompanying assessment of the demographic makeup of those classrooms and the school climate to provide context on learning environments. The volume then assesses the ways in which teachers acquired their knowledge and skills during their early education and training, as well as the steps they take to develop them through continuous professional development over the course of their career. Based on the voice of teachers and school leaders, the report offers a series of policy orientations to help strengthen the knowledge and skills of the teaching workforce to support its professionalism. The OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) is the largest international survey asking teachers and school leaders about their working conditions and learning environments, and provides a barometer of the profession every five years. Results from the 2018 cycle explore and examine the various dimensions of teacher and school leader professionalism across education systems.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264806306
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les grandes mutations qui transforment l'éducation 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trends Shaping Education 2019
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Haben Sie sich je gefragt, wie die Bildung ihren Teil dazu beitragen kann, unsere Gesellschaften auf das Zeitalter der künstlichen Intelligenz vorzubereiten? Oder welche Folgen der Klimawandel für unsere Schulen, Familien und unser gesamtes Lebensumfeld haben könnte? In Bildung, Trends, Zukunft werden große wirtschaftliche, politische, soziale und technologische Trends untersucht, die sich auf den Bildungssektor auswirken. Diesen klar gegebenen Trends stellt der Bericht eine Reihe offener Fragen gegenüber. So will er strategisches Denken unterstützen und Diskussionen über die Herausforderungen für – und Möglichkeiten von – Bildung im Kontext dieser Trends anstoßen. Dazu wird ein breites Themenspektrum rund um Globalisierung, Demokratie, Sicherheit, Bevölkerungsalterung und moderne Lebensformen betrachtet. Für die Ausgabe 2019 wurden die Inhalte aktualisiert und um zahlreiche neue Indikatoren erweitert. Die Kapitel zu den Trends und ihren Zusammenhängen mit Bildungsfragen werden durch einen neuen Abschnitt ergänzt, der sich von Methoden der strategischen Vorausschau inspiriert mit Zukunftsfragen auseinandersetzt. Dieses Buch soll Politikverantwortlichen, Wissenschaftlern, Bildungsverantwortlichen, Schulverwaltungen und Lehrkräften belastbare, nicht fachspezifische Vergleichsdaten zu internationalen Trends bieten, die sich auf die Bildung auswirken – in Schule, Studium oder Weiterbildung. Damit dürfte diese Publikation auch für Studierende, Eltern und die breite Öffentlichkeit von Interesse sein.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264749115 , 9789264644311 , 9789264859111
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2019
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les nouvelles Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les PME et l’entrepreneuriat présentent les dernières tendances en matière de performance des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), ainsi que de l'entrepreneuriat et des conditions d’affaires pour les PME. L’édition de cette année présente des données comparatives sur le dynamisme des entreprises, la croissance de la productivité, les écarts de salaires et les exportations par taille d’entreprise dans les pays de l’OCDE et les économies émergentes. Il explore les implications potentielles de la numérisation et de la mondialisation sur les conditions de marché et l'accès des PME aux infrastructures et à des ressources stratégiques telles que le financement, les compétences, la technologie, les données et d'autres actifs de l'innovation. Le rapport fournit une analyse comparative des cadres réglementaires et des politiques visant à uniformiser les règles du jeu pour les PME et les entrepreneurs, et offre une perspective prospective sur les défis auxquels ceux-ci sont confrontés dans leurs affaires et activités. Il contient également des profils de pays décrivant les derniers développements en matière de performance et de conditions de marché pour les PME, les profils pays étant disponibles en version plus détaillée en ligne.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264944152 , 9789264915039 , 9789264446014
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (235 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Higher Education in Mexico: Labour Market Relevance and Outcomes
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Mexico
    Abstract: El número de estudiantes de educación superior en México se duplicó en la década pasada y cada año más de medio millón de egresados de este nivel se incorporan al mercado laboral. Encontrar empleo adecuado es difícil y un gran número de jóvenes egresados universitarios trabajan en puestos para los cuales están sobrecalificados o consiguen empleos sin seguridad social ni cobertura de pensión. México no es el único país en esta situación. En muchas naciones de la OCDE, los resultados de la educación superior, menores a lo esperado, son una desilusión para los graduados y sus familias, quienes desearían obtener empleos de buena calidad y con buenos ingresos como respuesta a su inversión formativa. La baja rentabilidad es también una preocupación para los gobiernos, que gastan en el desarrollo de competencias para impulsar la productividad y la innovación a escalas nacional y regional. Para responder a estas inquietudes, la OCDE ha emprendido un análisis exhaustivo de los resultados y la relevancia de los sistemas de educación superior para el mercado laboral. El objetivo es ayudar a los países a mejorar las políticas públicas y las prácticas institucionales mediante un conocimiento más amplio de las capacidades y los obstáculos existentes, y las recomendaciones que ayuden a cerrar esas brechas. México fue una de las primeras naciones en sumarse a este ejercicio, junto con Noruega y Estados Unidos de América.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264995833
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Settling In 2018: Indicators of Immigrant Integration
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trouver ses marques 2018 : Les indicateurs de l'intégration des immigrés
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Diese Gemeinschaftspublikation von OECD und Europäischer Kommission bietet einen vergleichenden Überblick über die Integrationsergebnisse von Migranten und ihren Kindern in sämtlichen EU- und OECD-Ländern sowie ausgewählten G20-Ländern. Sie basiert auf 74 Indikatoren zu 3 Themenbereichen: Beschäftigung und Kompetenzen, Lebensbedingungen sowie bürgerschaftliches Engagement und soziale Integration. Detaillierte Daten zu den Merkmalen der Zuwandererbevölkerung und der Zuwandererhaushalte ermöglichen die bessere Einordnung dieses Vergleichs. In drei Sonderkapiteln geht es um geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei der Integration der Zugewanderten, junge Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und Drittstaatsangehörige in der Europäischen Union.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264948716 , 9789264800380 , 9789264941083
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gute Strategien für gute Berufe in der frühen Bildung
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good practice for good jobs in early childhood education and care
    Keywords: Sozialberufe ; Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Qualifikation ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Kleinkinderziehung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Sozialberuf ; Qualifikation
    Abstract: Recruiting and retaining skilled staff is a long-standing challenge for the early childhood education and care (ECEC) sector. OECD countries are increasingly demanding that ECEC staff be highly skilled and highly qualified, but a combination of low wages, a lack of status and public recognition, poor working conditions, and limited opportunities for professional development mean that recruitment and retention are frequently difficult. What can countries do to build a highly qualified and well-trained ECEC workforce? What is the best route to increasing staff skills without exacerbating staff shortages? How can countries boost pay and working conditions in the context of limited resources? Building on past OECD work on early childhood education and care, and drawing on the experience of OECD countries, this report outlines good practice policy measures for improving jobs in ECEC and for constructing a high-quality workforce.
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