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  • 2015-2019  (399)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (391)
  • London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group  (8)
  • Finance and Investment  (264)
  • Welt  (153)
Datasource
Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell ; 1.1979 -
    ISSN: 1467-9906 , 0735-2166 , 0735-2166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Journal of urban affairs
    Keywords: Stadtentwicklung ; Urbanistik ; USA ; Welt ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 25.07.2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 118
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Agrarpolitik ; Wertschöpfung ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Politische Reform ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report synthesises OECD work analysing agricultural policies, markets and trade. It highlights recent developments in agricultural markets and policies and considers how these have changed the source and nature of the gains from multilateral reform, and considers opportunities for further reforms. In large part, gains from further reform come from the opportunities to increase income and jobs through increasing agro-food sector participation in global and domestic value chains. Countries can enhance the overall competitiveness of their agro-food sectors though more open trade policies and reducing the impacts of measures that raise trade costs. This includes reducing distorting domestic support and market access barriers, including to agro-food imports; ensuring that non-tariff measures are appropriate, transparent, and science-based; and reducing barriers to services trade.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264463035 , 9789264894600 , 9789264773325
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Kroatien ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Croatia ; Kroatien ; Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik
    Abstract: This review was prepared in response to Croatia's 2015 request to adhere to the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. It assesses the climate for domestic and foreign investment in Croatia, its ability to comply with the principles of openness, transparency and non-discrimination and its policy convergence with the OECD Declaration, including responsible business conduct practices, and discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by the government of Croatia in its reform efforts. Capitalising on the OECD Policy Framework for Investment, this review includes chapters on foreign investment trends and performance, foreign investor entry and operations, the legal and institutional framework for investment protection, investment promotion and facilitation, public governance, and policies to promote and enable responsible business conduct.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264547858 , 9789264963818 , 9789264516939
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making blended finance work for water and sanitation
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Wohltätigkeit ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wasserversorgung ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung
    Abstract: Investments in water and sanitation are a prerequisite to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular on SDG 6 ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Blended finance can play an important role in strategically investing development finance to mobilise additional commercial finance needed to fill the current investment gaps. Thus far, however, blended finance has not reached scale in the water and sanitation sector. A greater evidence base is needed to better understand the current applications as well as the potential of blended models in the water and sanitation sector. This publication takes a commercial investment perspective and provides insights into three subsectors: (1) water and sanitation utilities, (2) small-scale off-grid sanitation and (3) multi-purpose water infrastructure and landscape-based approaches. The publication draws out recommendations for policy makers and practitioners to apply and scale innovative blended finance approaches where most appropriate.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264969445 , 9789264412309 , 9789264394407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fiscal resilience to natural disasters
    Keywords: Katastrophe ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Environment ; Governance ; Naturkatastrophe ; Soziale Kosten ; Finanzwirtschaft
    Abstract: Natural disasters continue to cause widespread damage and losses, with fast growing economies particularly exposed. Governments often shoulder a significant share of the costs of disaster recovery and reconstruction. This is true in OECD countries and even more so in developing economies, where private insurance markets are not as well developed. The fiscal impact of disasters on a government’s budget can be sizeable. Expenditures for the government arise from both explicit and implicit commitments to compensate for disaster losses. This report presents the results of a study that compares country practices in the management of the financial implications of disasters on government finances for a set of OECD member and partner countries particularly exposed to natural hazards.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264685437 , 9789264970199 , 9789264438217
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing innovation capacity in city government
    Keywords: Kommunalverwaltung ; Innovation ; Großstadt ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Cities are reinventing themselves to adapt and respond to their evolving contexts. One instrument that local government is leveraging is innovation. To understand how cities approach public sector innovation, the OECD and Bloomberg Philanthropies carried out a survey on innovation capacity across 89 cities in OECD countries and non-OECD economies. The focus of the survey was to unpack the capacity to innovate in the local public sector and explore the resources – human, financial, and institutional – and how they can work to boost innovation in a city. This report explores the approaches and goals, staffing and structure, data, financial resources, and evaluation efforts that local administrations are making to innovate. It also reviews the outcomes that are resulting from these measures, especially related to resident well-being.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264828438 , 9789264769298 , 9789264866928
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: The world’s 47 least developed countries (LDCs) are among those most at risk of being left behind. While official development assistance and domestic public resources remain essential for their development prospects, they alone will not be sufficient to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. With the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the international community acknowledged the need for significant additional public and private finance, and development partners are increasingly focusing on blended approaches. What are the trends in blended finance for LDCs? What can it achieve and how? The OECD and UNCDF are working together to shed new light on these issues. Building on a 2018 publication, this edition presents the latest data available on private finance mobilised in developing countries by official development finance, extending the previous analysis to cover 2016 and 2017 as well as longer-term trends from 2012 to 2017. It discusses the most recent international policy trends shaping the blended finance market, and what these might mean for LDCs. Stakeholders and practitioners also share their views on the challenges and opportunities in designing and implementing blended finance operations in LDCs.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264545199 , 9789264925434 , 9789264366039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 사회 속의 인공지능
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’intelligence artificielle dans la société
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Artificial intelligence in society
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesellschaft ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The artificial intelligence (AI) landscape has evolved significantly from 1950 when Alan Turing first posed the question of whether machines can think. Today, AI is transforming societies and economies. It promises to generate productivity gains, improve well-being and help address global challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity and health crises. Yet, as AI applications are adopted around the world, their use can raise questions and challenges related to human values, fairness, human determination, privacy, safety and accountability, among others. This report helps build a shared understanding of AI in the present and near-term by mapping the AI technical, economic, use case and policy landscape and identifying major public policy considerations. It is also intended to help co-ordination and consistency with discussions in other national and international fora.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264539082 , 9789264798397 , 9789264956391
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lives in crises
    Keywords: Humanitäre Hilfe ; Welt ; Development ; Afghanistan ; Bangladesh ; Haiti ; Iraq ; Lebanon ; Somalia ; Uganda
    Abstract: In May 2016, the World Humanitarian Summit represented a turning point for humanitarian policies. The Summit gave the impetus to seriously reflect on how to operate in environments where people’s needs don’t coincide anymore with existing mandates and sectors. The OECD believes that an effective humanitarian response is the one that addresses affected people’s needs in a timely and efficient manner. One way to measure effectiveness is to ask aid beneficiaries what they think about the aid they get. With this is mind, the OECD initiated a first round of surveys during the cycle 2016-2017 in six countries affected by different type of crisis : Lebanon, Afghanistan, Haiti, Iraq, Somalia and Uganda. Two years after the World humanitarian Summit, the OECD and Ground Truth Solutions took another round of surveys in the same countries, plus Bangladesh. The purpose of this second round of surveys is to assess whether the commitments made at the World Humanitarian Summit, including the Grand Bargain, are having a tangible impact on people’s lives in the most difficult contexts in the world. This paper provides some answers to this question.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264784185 , 9789264689626 , 9789264963399
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Unpacking e-commerce
    Keywords: Online-Handel ; Geschäftsmodell ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Electronic Shopping ; Online-Shop ; Geschäftsmodell
    Abstract: As digital transformation has accelerated, the e-commerce landscape has become increasingly dynamic. New players have emerged at the same time that established actors have taken on new roles; some barriers to e-commerce at the firm, individual and country levels have been overcome, while other barriers have emerged. Innovative business models have transformed buyer-seller relationships and pushed out the frontier of what is possible to buy and sell online. This report analyses new and emerging e-commerce business models, examines e-commerce trends along a range of dimensions, and offers new insights on the policies needed to exploit the opportunities and mitigate the challenges of unlocking the potential of e-commerce for all.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264987272 , 9789264805958 , 9789264550100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The space economy in figures
    Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Luftfahrtindustrie ; Welt ; Education ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Raumfahrt ; Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie
    Abstract: The space economy is expanding and becoming increasingly global, driven by the development of ever-more governmental space programmes around the world, the multiplication of commercial actors in value chains, durable digitalisation trends, and new space systems coming of age. This report describes these emerging trends using new and internationally comparable data and indicators. It highlights the growing importance of space activities for the economy, for developing country strategies (based on original official development assistance statistics), for the pursuit of knowledge and scientific discoveries, and for society in general. To get the most out of space investments and promote sustained socio-economic growth, this report provides some recommendations to countries in building up their statistical evidence on space actors and activities.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789282118436
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Safer City Streets: Global Benchmarking for Urban Road Safety
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Este documento tiene por objeto apoyar a las ciudades en el establecimiento de objetivos de seguridad vial y supervisar los avances en la mejora de la seguridad vial urbana. Los peatones, ciclistas y motociclistas representan casi el 80 % de las muertes por accidentes de tráfico urbanos. Por lo tanto, las ciudades deben intensificar sus esfuerzos para mejorar la seguridad de los usuarios vulnerables de la vía pública. Este documento presenta indicadores de seguridad vial para diferentes grupos de usuarios de la vía pública recolectados en 31 ciudades con el fin de facilitar la evaluación, la supervisión y la comparación de resultados de seguridad vial. Presta especial atención a la medición del riesgo de muerte en accidente de tráfico por unidad de distancia recorrida.
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 144
    Keywords: Kohlekraftwerk ; Dauer ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltrecht ; Energierecht ; Welt ; 1962 - 2012 ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper assesses the effect of environmental regulations on plant survival and emissions using data on the extent of vintage differentiation of regulations (VDR5) regarding air pollution emission limit values for existing and new coal-fired power plants. Focussing on NOx and SOx emissions, the paper applies survival analysis techniques on a sample of generating units across 31 OECD and non-member countries between 1962 and 2012.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 124
    Keywords: 2004 - 2014 ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Agricultural sectors are increasingly integrated into international markets as global value chains (GVCs) expand. This integration is helping to drive value added growth in the sector, including the returns that flow to labour. This report explores the impact that trade and agro-food GVC participation has on labour returns and thereby employment not only within the agricultural sectors, but across other sectors of the economy. At the global level, trade and agro-food GVCs generated an average of between 20-26% of total agricultural workforce returns between 2004 and 2014, and labour returns were generated from both direct participation in trade and from indirect participation through other downstream sectors. This report finds that the impact on economy-wide labour returns is on average greater for countries specialising in direct exports of primary products as compared to those specialising in indirect agricultural exports. Evidence also shows that agricultural subsidies have a negative impact both on labour returns from primary sector exports and the returns generated indirectly from processing-sector exports.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264828865 , 9789264477599 , 9789264937567
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (308 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2018 assessment and analytical framework
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Schüler ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education
    Abstract: This report presents the conceptual foundations of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), now in its seventh cycle of comprehensive and rigorous international surveys of student knowledge, skills and well-being. Like previous cycles, the 2018 assessment covered reading, mathematics and science, with the major focus this cycle on reading literacy, plus an evaluation of students’ global competence – their ability to understand and appreciate the perspectives and world views of others. Financial literacy was also offered as an optional assessment. The framework also includes the questionnaires distributed to students and school principals used to elicit information about student backgrounds and the school learning environment, as well as some questionnaires distributed to parents and teachers to assess factors associated with student outcomes. Students in some countries also completed further questionnaires on their educational trajectory, familiarity with information and communications technology, and well-being.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264730441 , 9789264628342 , 9789264609228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (271 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sustainable infrastructure for low-carbon development in Central Asia and the Caucasus
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Zentralasien ; Kaukasus ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Mongolia ; Tajikistan ; Turkmenistan ; Uzbekistan ; Zentralasien ; Kaukasus ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: This report analyses planned infrastructure projects, decision-making frameworks related to infrastructure development and strategic planning documents in eight countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It compares current investment flows with countries' national development objectives to identify misalignments and provides policy-makers with recommendations to improve the integration of climate change and other environmental concerns into infrastucture development decision-making processes. The report presents a comprehensive overview of infrastructure investment, primarily in the transport and energy sectors, throughout the region and identifies the risks and opportunities emerging from current investment patterns.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264880498 , 9789264958616 , 9789264376823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Access to green finance for SMEs in Georgia
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Georgia ; Georgien ; Finanzwirtschaft
    Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in Georgia’s economy. SMEs provide more than 67% of employment and about 62% of gross value added. Although the environmental footprint of individual SMEs may be low, their aggregate impact in many respects exceeds that of large businesses. Commercial banks have an important role to play in providing access to green finance, particularly for SMEs. This report reviews the experience with green lending in the SME sector in Georgia. The analysis identifies the main challenges with lending to SMEs for green projects and discusses possible solutions. The report, in particular, looks at the role of the government and the policy instruments it can use to stimulate higher demand for green lending in the SME sector.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264865600 , 9789264608719 , 9789264935952
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Pension Systems
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of pensions systems
    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Lettland ; Peru ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Peru ; Peru ; Altersversorgung
    Abstract: This review assesses Peru’s pension system in its entirety, looking at both public and private, pay-as-you-go (PAYG) financed and funded pension provisions. The review then provides policy options to help tackle old-age poverty; establish a solid framework for the contributory pension system to meet its objectives; improve the coverage and level of pensions; and optimise the design and improve the regulation of the funded private pension component. A further goal of these proposals is to improve the Peruvian population’s trust that the country’s pension system will be able to deliver secure retirement income in old age. The review is the fifth in a series of country reviews of pension systems [Ireland (2014), Mexico (2016), Latvia (2018), and Portugal (2019)]. These reviews provide countries with policy options that will help them improve the functioning of their overall pension system. Tailored policy options are proposed based on the specificities of the national pension system, and on international best practices regarding reforms, design and regulation of pension systems.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282165911
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report considers the innovative use of existing infrastructure and the adoption of emerging digital technologies to optimise the use of road capacity. It focuses on using big data to identify the traffic bottlenecks in real-time and manage peak demand with innovative measures at the local and network levels. The report examines the effectiveness and efficiency of a range of instruments for active traffic demand management and also considers application issues. It includes a review of the latest road pricing technologies used in several Asian cities.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264402119 , 9789264650916 , 9789264541344
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Résultats de TALIS 2018 (Volume I) : Des enseignants et chefs d’établissement en formation à vie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als TALIS 2018 results ; volume I: Teachers and school leaders as lifelong learners
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Do teachers spend more time on actual teaching and learning in a typical lesson compared to previous years? Do they feel prepared to teach when they start teaching? What sort of continuous professional development programmes do they participate in and how does it impact their practice? This report looks first at how teachers apply their knowledge and skills in the classroom in the form of teaching practices, with an accompanying assessment of the demographic makeup of those classrooms and the school climate to provide context on learning environments. The volume then assesses the ways in which teachers acquired their knowledge and skills during their early education and training, as well as the steps they take to develop them through continuous professional development over the course of their career. Based on the voice of teachers and school leaders, the report offers a series of policy orientations to help strengthen the knowledge and skills of the teaching workforce to support its professionalism. The OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) is the largest international survey asking teachers and school leaders about their working conditions and learning environments, and provides a barometer of the profession every five years. Results from the 2018 cycle explore and examine the various dimensions of teacher and school leader professionalism across education systems.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264579187
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Blended Finance Work for the Sustainable Development Goals
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: La communauté mondiale s'est exprimée clairement : il faut mobiliser davantage de ressources pour mettre fin à l'extrême pauvreté et atténuer les effets du changement climatique. Les financements mixtes – qui mélangent différentes formes de capital – apparaissent de plus en plus comme une solution importante au problème de la mobilisation des ressources dont ont besoin les pays en développement pour atteindre les Objectifs de développement durables. Toutefois, faute d’une bonne compréhension des risques qui y sont associés, un recours accru aux financements mixtes pourrait avoir des conséquences imprévues pour les fournisseurs de coopération pour le développement. Ce rapport présente un état des lieux détaillé de ces financements mixtes et des actions prioritaires pour les mettre effectivement au service d’un développement plus durable. Il recense les concepts et les définitions, présente un aperçu des acteurs et des instruments et discute des leçons tirées des approches mixtes, sur la base de leur observation ainsi que des données et des évaluations disponibles. Ses conclusions et recommandations seront utiles aux décideurs comme aux praticiens. ‘Les financements mixtes contribueront à accélérer la croissance économique, mais pour y parvenir, il est essentiel que les donateurs alignent leurs pratiques.’ Martin Wolf, commentateur économique en chef chez Financial Times. ‘L’aide publique au développement reste un moyen essentiel de financer les efforts visant à éliminer l'extrême pauvreté. Cependant, les gouvernements ne peuvent relever seuls le défi. Nous devons tous penser, travailler, financer et réaliser le développement différemment, et mobiliser les ressources et les compétences du secteur privé afin d’aider les populations les plus pauvres et les plus vulnérables dans le monde. Le Canada continue de promouvoir des approches novatrices en matière de financement du développement et d’une croissance durable pour tous.’ L'honorable Marie-Claude Bibeau, ministre du Développement international et de la Francophonie du Canada.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264309555 , 9789264309548 , 9789264309531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (201 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Legal needs surveys and access to justice
    Keywords: Rechtsordnung ; Rechtspolitik ; Rechtsschutz ; Welt ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Weltbevölkerung ; Rechtsordnung ; Rechtspolitik ; Rechtsschutz
    Abstract: This report offers an empirical tool to help planners, statisticians, policy makers and advocates understand people's everyday legal problems and experience with the justice system. It sets out a framework for the conceptualisation, implementation and analysis of legal needs surveys and is informed by analysis of a wide range of national surveys conducted over the last 25 years. It provides guidance and recommendations in a modular way, allowing application into different types of surveys. It also outlines opportunities for legal needs-based indicators that strengthen our understanding of access to civil justice.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264534001
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-17
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente les estimations des volumes annuels de financement climatique fournis et mobilisés par les pays développés pour 2013-2017. Ces estimations incluent les finances publiques bilatérales et multilatérales, les crédits à l'exportation et les financements privés mobilisés. Le cadre comptable sous-jacent est conforme à celui utilisé par l'OCDE en 2015 pour produire des estimations du financement climatique pour les années 2013-2014, ainsi qu'à celui utilisé en 2016 pour produire des projections de financement climatique 2020. Il est également cohérent avec les résultats de la COP24 de la CCNUCC sur les modalités de comptabilisation des ressources financières fournies et mobilisées grâce aux interventions publiques.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264310032
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Politiques en faveur des PME : Moyen-Orient méditerranéen et Afrique du Nord 2018 : Évaluation intermédiaire des principales réformes en faveur des PME
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa 2018: Interim Assessment of Key SME Reforms
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: يقدم هذا التقرير تحليلاً معمقاً للإصلاحات الرئيسية التي أجريت بين 2014 و2018 التي تهدف إلى تشجيع تنمية المشاريع المتناهية الصغر والصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم في الجزائر ومصر وإسرائيل والأردن ولبنان والمغرب والأراضي الفلسطينية وتونس. يركز التقرير على خمس مجالات استراتيجية لصياغة سياسات المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم: تعاريف المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم والإحصاءات والمؤسسات المتعلقة بها؛ تحسين بيئات العمل للمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم ورواد الأعمال؛ تعزيز الوصول إلى التمويل؛ رعاية نمو الشركات الناشئة والمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم؛ وتنمية رأس المال البشري الريادي. يهدف التقرير إلى عرض الممارسات الجيدة والإشارة إلى المناطق التي تحتاج إلى بذل المزيد من الجهود. ويوفر إرشادات قيمة للحكومات ومنظمات القطاع الخاص والهيئات المتعددة الأطراف وغيرها من أصحاب المصلحة لتكثيف الجهود لدعم المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم كأدوات أساسية لخلق الوظائف والقدرة التنافسية. ويكتسي ذلك أهمية خاصة في منطقة تسعى إلى تعزيز التنوع الاقتصادي وخلق فرص العمل وإشراك الشباب والنساء في الاقتصاد. إن التقرير هو نتيجة لعملية تعاون وثيق بين الحكومات، ومنظمة التعاون والتنمية الاقتصادية، ومؤسسة التدريب الأوروبية والمفوضية الأوروبية
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264405110 , 9789264311428 , 9789264691445
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Business models for the circular economy
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Geschäftsmodell ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Geschäftsmodell ; Recycling ; Natürliche Ressourcen
    Abstract: Natural resources, and the materials derived from them, represent the physical basis for the economic system. Recent decades have witnessed an unprecedented growth in demand for these resources, which has triggered interest from policy makers in transitioning to a more resource efficient and circular economy. This report presents a typology of five circular business models that could support the transition to a more resource efficient and circular economy: circular supply, resource recovery, product life extension, sharing, and product service system models. It reviews the current market penetration and assesses the potential scalability of each business model. Environmental potential is also discussed, as well as risks and unintended consequences that could result from a more widespread adoption of these business models. The report provides a broad set of policy approaches that could help alleviate some of the barriers that currently hinder the widespread adoption of circular business models.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264303799 , 9789264306813 , 9789264305915
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Government at a glance Southeast Asia 2019
    Keywords: Öffentliche Finanzen ; Regierung ; Transparenz ; E-Government ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Südostasien ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Government at a Glance Southeast Asia 2019 is the first edition in the Government at a Glance series for the region. It provides the latest available data on public administrations in the 10 ASEAN member countries: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. This publication includes indicators on public finance and economics, public employment, budget practices and procedures, strategic human resources management, digital government, open government and citizen satisfaction with public services. Where possible, these data were compared against the OECD average and that of the neighbouring OECD member countries, such as Australia, Korea, Japan and New Zealand. Each indicator in the publication is presented in a user-friendly format, consisting of graphs and/or charts illustrating variations across countries and over time, brief descriptive analyses highlighting the major findings conveyed by the data, and a methodological section on the definition of the indicator and any limitations in data comparability.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311053
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 189 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy
    Keywords: Meeresnutzung ; Meeresschutz ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Welt ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Meeresnutzung ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: This new OECD report on the ocean economy emphasises the growing importance of science and technologies in improving the sustainable economic development of our seas and ocean. Marine ecosystems sit at the heart of many of the world’s global challenges: food, medicines, new sources of clean energy, climate regulation, job creation and inclusive growth. But we need to safeguard and improve the health of marine ecosystems to support our ever-growing use of marine resources. Innovation in science and technology will play a key role in reconciling these two objectives. This report identifies three priority areas for action based on a number of in-depth case studies: 1) approaches that produce win-win outcomes for ocean business and the ocean environment across a range of marine and maritime applications; 2) the creation of ocean-economy innovation networks; and 3) new pioneering initiatives to improve measurement of the ocean economy.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Acrobat Reader.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264657748 , 9789264388215 , 9789264313736
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Pension Systems
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of pensions systems
    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Portugal ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Altersversorgung
    Abstract: This review provides policy recommendations on how to improve the Portuguese pension system, building on the OECD’s best practices in pension design. It details the Portuguese pension system and identifies its strengths and weaknesses based on cross-country comparisons. The Portuguese pension system consists of an old-age safety net, a pay-as-you-go defined benefit scheme and voluntary private savings. The safety net includes an old-age social pension and a complement (the so-called Complemento Solidário para Idosos or CSI), both of which pursue similar objectives but have different eligibility criteria. The defined benefit scheme has two main components: the general social security scheme (regime geral da Segurança Social) and the civil-servant pension scheme (Caixa Geral de Aposentações or CGA). The latter has been closed to new entrants since 2006 with new civil servants contributing to the general scheme. Funded voluntary pensions make up a very small share of total pension entitlements. The OECD Reviews of Pension Systems: Portugal is the fourth in the series, after Ireland (2014), Mexico (2016) and Latvia (2018), with a fifth review on Peru under preparation.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264832701 , 9789264434738 , 9789264108905
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2019 Global Report
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: Over the past decade, the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) has consistently shown that governments need to look at discriminatory laws, social norms and practices to achieve gender equality and promote women’s empowerment. This 2019 global report provides an overview of the main outcomes of the SIGI in relation to women and the family, their physical integrity, access to productive and financial resources and their civic rights. Building on these outcomes, this report provides a set of policy recommendations to enhance governments’ efforts to deliver their gender-equality commitments through a three-pronged approach: starting with legal reforms and transformative gender policies, enforcing laws through community mobilisation and empowerment, and learning about the efficiency of policy through monitoring.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264892798 , 9789264402782 , 9789264414969
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als A policy maker's guide to privatisation
    Keywords: Privatisierung ; Corporate Governance ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Privatisierung
    Abstract: Policy makers and privatisation experts agree that it is critical to “get privatisation right.” A well-planned and executed transaction, backed by sound rationales, institutional and regulatory arrangements, good governance, and integrity can have consequences on future divestment activity by enhancing investor confidence while gaining the support of stakeholders and the public. Drawing on the internationally agreed OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises and decades’ worth of national experience across both OECD and Partner economies, this Policy Maker’s Guide to Privatisation provides practical advice to newcomers on key stages of the process from inception to post-privatisation. With global privatisation activity trending upwards and expected to rise, this Guide can support policy makers in their decision making process in the years to come.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264628267 , 9789264597044 , 9789264764361
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Biodiversity
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Finanzierung ; G7-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Artenreichtum ; Biodiversität ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: The Convention on Biological Diversity’s 15th Conference of the Parties (CBD COP15) in 2020 marks a critical juncture for one of the defining global challenges of our time: the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, which underpin nearly all of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Transformative changes are needed to ensure biodiversity conservation and sustainable use and the delivery of the ecosystem services upon which all life depends. This report sets the economic and business case for urgent and ambitious action on biodiversity. It presents a preliminary assessment of current biodiversity-related finance flows, and discusses the key data and indicator gaps that need to be addressed to underpin effective monitoring of both the pressures on biodiversity and the actions (i.e. responses) being implemented. The report concludes with ten priority areas where G7 and other countries can prioritise their efforts.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : OECD | Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264900844 , 9789264561724 , 9789264851702
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing climate change mitigation through agriculture
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Agrarpolitik ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Agrarpolitik ; Weltlandwirtschaft ; Klimaschutz
    Abstract: Agriculture, with its growing contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions and opportunities to mitigate emissions, can help close the gap between existing global mitigation efforts and those that are needed to keep global warming to between 1.5 °C and 2 °C by the end of the century. Global scale and farm scale analyses are used to evaluate both the effectiveness of different policy options to reduce agricultural emissions, and the impact on competitiveness, farm income, food security, and government finances. In order to contribute to global mitigation efforts, countries will need to design agricultural policy measures that can navigate these trade-offs within the context of their national policy priorities and objectives. As most countries have not yet implemented policies to reduce emissions from agriculture, the analyses provided here come at an opportune time to inform this policy development.
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264312906
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Diretrizes da OCDE sobre Governança Corporativa de Empresas Estatais, Edição 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Насоки на ОИСР за корпоративното управление на държавните предприятия: Издание 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitsätze zu Corporate Governance in staatseigenen Unternehmen, Ausgabe 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance des entreprises publiques, Édition 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Smjernice OECD-a za korporativno upravljanje u poduzećima u državnom vlasništvu: Izdanje iz 2015.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD国有企業(SOE)のコーポレートガバナンス・ガイドライン, 2015年版
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Directrices de la OCDE sobre el Gobierno Corporativo de las Empresas Públicas, Edición 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Metodické pokyny OECD pro správu a řízení státem vlastněných společností, vydáno 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hướng dẫn của OECD về Quản trị Công ty trong Do anh nghiệp Nh à nước: Ấn bản 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Нова редакція інструменту ОЕСР Керівні принципи корпоративного врядування на підприємствах державної форми власності пропонує міжнародно узгоджений базовий орієнтир, що допомагає органам державної влади оцінювати та вдосконалювати виконання наданих їм функцій держави-власника на держпідприємствах. Належне корпоративне врядування на підприємствах державної форми власності є важливим пріоритетом реформування у багатьох країнах. Підвищення рівня ефективності та прозорості в державному секторі врешті даватиме значні економічні вигоди, особливо в країнах, де права власності держави є важливим аспектом. Крім цього, створення рівних умов функціонування приватних і державних підприємств стимулюватиме сталість і конкурентоспроможність у сфері підприємництва. Ухвалена у 2005 році перша версія Керівних принципів подає низку прикладів належного застосування правових і регуляторних засад держпідприємств (ДП), професійного виконання функції держави-власника та системи корпоративного врядування ДП. Цю нову редакцію рекомендацій розроблено в світлі майже десятилітнього досвіду їх реалізації, після виконання низки тематичних і порівняльних досліджень, що були розроблені на базі попередньої версії Керівних принципів і продемонстрували та довели необхідність їх перегляду, зокрема, в частині розкриття інформації та прозорості, конкуренції державних і приватних підприємств, реалізації функцій Наглядової ради ДП, а також у сфері кредитно-фінансової діяльності підприємств державної форми власності.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311299
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social impact investment 2019
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; Soziale Folgen ; Welt ; Development ; Agrarweltmarkt ; Energieweltwirtschaft ; Soziale Probleme ; Weltbevölkerung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: This publication is a sequel to the OECD 2015 report on Social Impact Investment (SII), Building the Evidence Base, bringing new evidence on the role of SII in financing sustainable development. It depicts the state of play of SII approaches globally, comparing regional trends, and assesses its prospects, with a special focus on data issues and recent policy developments. Importantly, it provides new guidance for policy makers in OECD and non-OECD countries, as well as providers of development co-operation, development financers, social impact investment practitioners and the private sector more broadly, to help them maximise the contribution of social impact investing to the 2030 Agenda. In particular, it provides four sets of recommendations on financing, innovation, data and policy for delivering on the “impact imperative” of financing sustainable development.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264394155 , 9789264824607 , 9789264577411
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Delivering better policies through behavioural insights
    Keywords: Verhalten ; Politik ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: As behavioural insights (BI) become more widely used, countries are looking to expand the application of the methodology to new frontiers of policy making. This report tests behaviourally informed solutions to complex policy problems in the fields of competition, consumer protection, energy consumption and safety through a variety of theoretical and experimental approaches. The results give policy makers new ideas for tackling policy problems related to individual behaviour, as well as for changing the behaviour of organisations.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264612938 , 9789264503120 , 9789264969384
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Governance as an SDG accelerator
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Governance-Ansatz ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; OECD ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Governance
    Abstract: Delivering on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a formidable governance challenge for countries at all levels of development. It requires governments to co-ordinate, consult and work across policy areas – as well as with the businesses sector and civil society – in an unprecedented way. This report provides evidence from OECD countries and partner economies on how public governance practices can be strengthened to help implement the SDGs. It looks at whole-of-government co-ordination, policy coherence and integrity, stakeholder engagement and open government, and the strategic use of budgeting, procurement and regulatory tools. It discusses robust monitoring and evaluation systems for ensuring that public policies and resource allocations for SDG implementation result in meaningful outcomes. It also explores how governance frameworks to support equal access to justice and gender equality can help catalyse implementation across the entire 2030 Agenda.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264958982 , 9789264512900 , 9789264428225
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (376 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Global Outlook on Financing for Sustainable Development 2019: Time to Face the Challenge
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Afin de faire face aux problèmes mondiaux les plus urgents et atteindre les Objectifs de développement durable, la communauté internationale a promis d’unir les forces d’un nombre sans précédent d’acteurs financiers : entreprises, gouvernements, organisations philanthropiques ou encore particuliers transférant de l’argent vers leur pays d’origine. Pourtant le déficit en matière de financement du développement durable se creuse : alors que les besoins continuent d’augmenter, les ressources à la disposition des pays en développement restent limitées, voire régressent, comme en atteste la baisse de l’investissement direct étranger observée récemment. Il faut de nouveaux instruments financiers et de nouveaux modes d’interaction pour mobiliser les ressources qui font défaut. Or, malgré des avancées notables, nous ne parvenons pas à encore à cerner avec précision toutes les opportunités et tous les risques auxquels les acteurs de ce nouveau « marché » doivent se mesurer. Ce rapport tire la sonnette d’alarme. Pour concrétiser les engagements du Programme 2030, et sortir des centaines de millions d’êtres humains de l’extrême pauvreté, la communauté internationale doit non seulement mobiliser de nouvelles ressources, mais également accroître la contribution des financements existants à un développement réellement durable. Première édition d’une nouvelle série, ce rapport propose des options innovantes pour améliorer la mesure des flux de financements, la qualité des politiques publiques et la coordination des acteurs afin de réaliser ces objectifs ambitieux.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 121 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 218
    Keywords: Aluminium ; Wertschöpfung ; Metallmarkt ; Subvention ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report builds on the OECD’s longstanding work measuring government support in agriculture, fossil fuels, and fisheries in order to estimate support and related market distortions in the aluminium value chain. Results show that non-market forces, and government support in particular, appear to explain some of the recent increases in aluminium-smelting capacity. While government support is commonly found throughout the aluminium value chain, it is especially heavy in the People’s Republic of China and countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Looking across the whole value chain also shows subsidies upstream to confer significant support to downstream activities, such as the production of semi-fabricated products of aluminium. Overall, market distortions appear to be a genuine concern in the aluminium industry, and one that has implications for global competition and the design of trade rules disciplining government support.
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 122
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: How are new opportunities to create and share information shaping the digital transformation of the agriculture and food system, and thus potentially fostering its reorganisation? This report focuses on cross-border trade aspects along the global agriculture and food value chain, and looks at how changes brought about by digital technologies can influence who participates in the value chain, where value added is created, and how value is distributed between actors in the chain. However, it is not only changes in the agriculture and food sector from digital technologies that matters, but also the digital transformation of other actors in the global value chain (GVC) such as support services, logistics and governments. Digital technologies present a potential to reduce trade and transaction costs, including those related to identifying and negotiating a deal, proving compliance with standards and to delivering products across borders quickly and efficiently.
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 123
    Keywords: Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Dienstleistung ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global value chains (GVCs) in agriculture and food sectors have the potential to influence trading relationships and the gains from trade for different sectors along the value chain. This report explores the way in which value from trade and GVC participation is created for the agriculture sector. It examines differences in returns to the sector from participation in GVCs and trade either directly in contrast to participation that relies on downstream domestic processing. The study makes use of a database on trade in value added for 22 agro-food sectors derived from the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that aggregate value to the agriculture and to the economy overall from direct participation in trade and GVCs generates at least as much value as participation that relies on domestic downstream processing. Similar overall gains from primary exports are associated with greater volumes and the value created from ‘value addition’ to these exports – the embodied service and other inputs. Indeed, countries that specialise in primary exports have higher shares of service value added in these exports, with this also being a determinant of value growth for middle-income countries.
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 224
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Handelsabkommen ; Gravitationsmodell ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Cutting trade costs, especially those stemming from non-tariff measures, is a growing priority for policy makers. One way to achieve this is for countries to improve their co-operation on regulatory matters. An avenue open to governments is to include provisions related to international regulatory co-operation (IRC) into preferential trade agreements (PTAs). However, there exists little empirical evidence of the benefits of these co-operative mechanisms. This paper provides this evidence, in the context of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) provisions. It measures the effect of IRC mechanisms on trade flows using the latest developments in the gravity literature and the most recent data sources. The work distinguishes between different forms of co-operation implemented between countries within PTAs while also accounting for the level of commitment between partners. The estimation results suggest that PTAs including SPS and TBT measures have a significant and positive effect on trade flows, with the legal enforceability of IRC mechanisms having the strongest and most robust impact on trade flows. This result holds even when WTO-related provisions and dispute settlement procedures are controlled for, implying that binding commitments are important in maximizing post-PTA trade flows. The work shows that transparency and co-operation are significant and robust factors in increasing trade. It also reinforces the view that the impact takes some time to materialise, which is important when evaluating the effectiveness of deep IRC mechanisms.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 226
    Keywords: Outsourcing ; Auslandsverlagerung ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Strukturwandel ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: About 40% of employment in manufacturing is in services functions. This paper develops a measure of narrow outsourcing, matching services functions performed by workers inside manufacturing firms to the same services functions provided by outside suppliers. The measure allows us to analyse the competition that, say, workers at the IT services desk in manufacturing firms face from outside IT suppliers. Narrow outsourcing is entered into labour demand functions where labour is broken down on business functions using OECD data combined with the 2016 releases of the World Input Output Database (WIOD). On average, a one percentage point increase in narrow local outsourcing of services reduces manufacturing employment in the same services function by between 1.5% (R&D) and 3% (transport). The impact of offshoring on manufacturing labour demand is small on average, but depends strongly on the complexity of the value chain, the policy environment and technology. Manufacturing employment is more services intensive the longer the value chain. In-house IT functions complement and support offshored IT functions, while offshored R&D functions tend to replace in-house R&D. Tentatively, technology as measured by IT maturity and the length of the value chain is more important for employment in services functions in manufacturing than is offshoring.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264434738
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (229 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2019 Global Report
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264626980 , 9789264875234 , 9789264313033
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making decentralisation work
    Keywords: Dezentralisierung ; Kommunalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; OECD ; Dezentralisation ; Kommunalpolitik
    Abstract: This report offers a comprehensive overview of decentralisation policies and reforms in OECD countries and beyond. Sometimes called a “silent” or “quiet” revolution, decentralisation is among the most important reforms of the past 50 years. The report argues that decentralisation outcomes – in terms of democracy, efficiency, accountability, regional and local development – depend greatly on the way it is designed and implemented. Making the most of decentralisation systems is particularly crucial in the context of a “geography of discontent” and growing divides between places that feel left behind by globalisation and technological change and those that may benefit from the opportunities offered by megatrends. The report identifies 10 guidelines for making decentralisation work and allowing it to be conducive to regional development. Beyond the guidelines, the report proposes concrete tools for policy-makers, including detailed sets of recommendations, checklists, pitfalls to avoid and examples of good practices, both in unitary and federal countries.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264790476 , 9789264865747 , 9789264638860
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Ministerial Conference on SMEs (3. : 2018 : Mexiko, Stadt) Strengthening SMEs and entrepreneurship for productivity and inclusive growth
    Keywords: KMU ; Entrepreneurship ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Gründungsförderung ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 2018 ; OECD ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Mittelstandsförderung
    Abstract: SMEs that grow have a considerable positive impact on employment creation, innovation, productivity growth and competitiveness. Digital technologies and global value chains offer new opportunities for SMEs to participate in the global economy, innovate and strengthen productivity. Yet SMEs are lagging behind in the digital transition and are disproportionately affected by market failures, trade barriers, policy inefficiencies and the quality of institutions. A cross-cutting approach to SME policy can enhance SME innovation and scale-up, as well as their contributions to inclusive growth. This includes a business environment conducive to risk-taking and experimentation by entrepreneurs, as well as access to entrepreneurship competencies, management and workforce skills, technology, innovation, and networks.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264874862
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: ITF roundtable reports no. 180
    Keywords: Verkehrspolitik ; Regulierung ; Welt ; Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report outlines good practice for regulatory impact assessment (RIA) in transport. It describes the rationale and the benefits of RIA frameworks and offers guidance for the practical implemention of RIA in the transport sector. The report also contains recommendations for governments seeking to implement RIA within their jurisdictions.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264466531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Climate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal
    Keywords: 2013-2017 ; Klimaschutz ; Finanzierung ; Industrieländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report presents OECD estimates of annual volumes of climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries in 2013-17. These estimates include bilateral and multilateral public finance, official-supported export credits and mobilised private finance. The underpinning accounting framework is consistent with the one used by the OECD in 2015 to produce estimates of climate finance for the years 2013-14, as well as that used in 2016 to produce 2020 climate finance projections. Furthermore, it is also consistent with the outcome of the UNFCCC COP24 on modalities for the accounting of financial resources provided and mobilised through public interventions.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : OECD, UNDP | Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264580213
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Keywords: Education ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Development ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: As the world's premier forum for international economic co-operation, the G20 plays a critical role in helping to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Based on robust evidence and available data, this report examines how the G20's contributions to the global goals across key sectors are already making a difference, while also suggesting where it could go further in leading by example to support the global goals. Collectively, G20 members account for around 85% of global gross domestic product, 75% of world trade and 80% of global carbon dioxide emissions – to name just a few areas of the G20's influence. This report, commissioned by the Government of Japan in support of its 2019 G20 Presidency, takes stock of the G20's progress to date against its Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264578630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Joint Audit 2019
    Keywords: Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Taxation ; OECD ; Finanzverwaltung ; Grenzüberschreitende Kooperation
    Abstract: Improved dispute prevention and dispute resolution are key concerns for both business and tax administrations by creating incentives for low-risk behaviour among taxpayers and helping tax administrations to better match resources to tax risks. Joint Audits are an essential element in the Tax Certainty Agenda and allow tax administrations to operate efficiently and effectively in an increasingly global environment, co-operating ever more closely and frequently with each other to ensure compliance, tackle base erosion and profit shifting, and minimise the probability of costly and time-consuming disputes. The report sets out the most advanced form of audit-related tax co-operation, provides best practices and identifies possible areas of improvement and future work, not limited to the OECD Forum on Tax Administration.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264492332
    Language: Bulgarian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Diretrizes da OCDE sobre Governança Corporativa de Empresas Estatais, Edição 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitsätze zu Corporate Governance in staatseigenen Unternehmen, Ausgabe 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance des entreprises publiques, Édition 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Smjernice OECD-a za korporativno upravljanje u poduzećima u državnom vlasništvu: Izdanje iz 2015.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD国有企業(SOE)のコーポレートガバナンス・ガイドライン, 2015年版
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Directrices de la OCDE sobre el Gobierno Corporativo de las Empresas Públicas, Edición 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Metodické pokyny OECD pro správu a řízení státem vlastněných společností, vydáno 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hướng dẫn của OECD về Quản trị Công ty trong Do anh nghiệp Nh à nước: Ấn bản 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe КЕРІВНІ ПРИНЦИПИ ОЕСР ЩОДО КОРПОРАТИВНОГО ВРЯДУВАННЯ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ФОРМИ ВЛАСНОСТІ, РЕДАКЦІЯ 2015 РОКУ
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Новите Насоки на ОИСР за корпоративното управление на държавните предприятия осигуряват международно съгласуван показател за сравняване, който да помогне на правителствата при оценката и подобряването на начина, по който упражняват функциите си за собственост в държавните предприятия. Доброто корпоративно управление на държавните предприятия е ключов приоритет на реформата в много страни. Повишената ефективност и по-добрата прозрачност в държавния сектор ще доведат до значителни икономически ползи, особено в страни, в които държавната собственост е важна. Освен това създаването на равни условия за частните и държавните предприятия ще насърчи стабилен и конкурентен бизнес сектор. Насоките, приети през 2005 г., представят набор от добри практики относно правната и регулаторна рамка за държавните предприятия, професионализирането на функцията за държавната собственост и организацията на корпоративното управление на държавните предприятия. Настоящата нова версия на препоръката беше разработена с оглед на почти десетгодишния опит с нейното прилагане и редица тематични и сравнителни проучвания, разработени въз основа на по-ранната версия на Насоките, които показаха необходимостта и подкрепиха тяхното преразглеждане, включително в области като оповестяване и прозрачност, конкуренция между публичния и частния сектор, практики на съвета и финансиране и финансова обезпеченост на държавните предприятия.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264686823 , 9789264943124 , 9789264353343
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 사회 속의 인공지능
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Artificial Intelligence in Society
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Le paysage technique de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) s’est métamorphosé depuis 1950, lorsqu’Alan Turing s’interrogeait pour la première fois sur la capacité des machines à penser. Aujourd’hui, l’IA transforme les économies et les sociétés. Elle promet de générer des gains de productivité, d’améliorer le bien-être et de contribuer à apporter des solutions aux défis mondiaux que sont, par exemple, le changement climatique, l’épuisement des ressources et les crises sanitaires. Cependant, à l’heure où ces applications sont adoptées à travers le monde, leur utilisation soulève un certain nombre d’interrogations et de difficultés ayant trait, entre autres, aux valeurs humaines, à l’équité, à la détermination humaine, à la protection de la vie privée, à la sécurité et à la responsabilité. Le présent rapport contribue à faire émerger une compréhension commune de l’IA, sous sa forme actuelle et dans son évolution à court terme, à travers des relevés du paysage technique, économique, pratique et réglementaire de l’IA et la mise en évidence de grandes considérations de politique publique. Il contribue également à un débat coordonné et cohérent entre les diverses enceintes nationales et internationales.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264755024 , 9789264765078 , 9789264827837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tax morale
    Keywords: Steuermoral ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Development ; Steuermoral
    Abstract: Unlocking what drives tax morale – the intrinsic willingness to pay tax – can greatly assist governments in the design of tax policies and their administration, particularly in developing countries where compliance rates are low. This report builds on previous OECD research to identify some of the key socio-economic and institutional drivers of tax morale across developing countries, and seeks to test for evidence of the social contract by examining the impact of public services on tax morale. It also uses new data on tax certainty as an entry point to explore tax morale in businesses, where existing research is very limited. Finally, the report identifies a range of factors related to the tax system that may affect business decision making, how they vary across regions, and suggests some areas for future research. Overall, the report provides a range of suggestions for further work, and how tax morale considerations can be integrated into holistic tax compliance strategies.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307452
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global material resources outlook to 2060
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Rohstoffvorkommen ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Umweltökonomik ; Umweltbelastung ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Agrarweltmarkt ; Energieweltwirtschaft ; Rohstoffreserve ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: This report presents global projections of materials use and their environmental consequences, providing a quantitative outlook to 2060 at the global, sectoral and regional levels for 61 different materials (biomass resources, fossil fuels, metals and non-metallic minerals). It explains the economic drivers determining the decoupling of economic growth and materials use, and assesses how the projected shifts in sectoral and regional economic activity influence the use of different materials. The projections include both primary and secondary materials, which provides a deeper understanding of what drives the synergies and trade-offs between extraction and recycling. The report projects a doubling of global primary materials use between today and 2060. Population and converging per capita income growth drive the growth in materials use. However, structural change, especially in non-OECD countries, and technology improvements partially dampen that growth. Metals and non-metallic minerals are projected to grow more rapidly than other types of materials.
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  • 54
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Why Finland’s running circles around us: Finland is leading the way in developing a circular economy, and drawing valuable lessons too.
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Employment ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310544 , 9789264310568 , 9789264310551
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Linking the indigenous Sami people with regional development in Sweden
    Keywords: Saami ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Soziale Integration ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Schweden ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Schweden ; Samen ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: The Sami have lived for time immemorial in an area that today extends across the Kola Peninsula in Russia, northern Finland, northern Norway's coast and inland, and the northern half of Sweden. The Sami play an important role in these northern economies thanks to their use of land, their involvement in reindeer husbandry, agriculture/farming and food production, and connection with the region’s tourism industry. However, in Sweden, as in the other states where the Sami live, the connections with regional development are often inconsistent and weak, and could do more to support the preservation and promotion of Sami culture and create new employment and business opportunities. This study, together with the OECD’s broader thematic work on this topic, provides actionable recommendations on how to better include the Sami and other Indigenous Peoples in regional development strategies, learning from and incorporating their own perspectives on sustainable development in the process.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264485938
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (282 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio de la evaluación de competencia de la OCDE: México 2019
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Mexico
    Abstract: This review analyses regulatory barriers to competition in the gas sector in Mexico, with the goal of helping Mexican authorities make regulation more pro-competitive while fostering long-lasting growth. This report is based on a competition assessment of laws and regulations conducted by the OECD developing recommendations to promote the competitive and efficient functioning of markets under review. It also includes estimates of how the implementation of certain recommendations could impact the economy.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264468528
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (295 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Competition Assessment Reviews: Mexico 2019
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Mexico
    Abstract: Este estudio analiza las barreras regulatorias a la competencia en el sector del gas en México, con el objetivo de ayudar a las autoridades mexicanas a hacer que la regulación sea más pro-competitiva, fomentando así un crecimiento duradero. Este estudio se basa en una evaluación de las leyes y regulaciones en materia de competencia realizada por la OCDE que desarrolla recomendaciones para promover el funcionamiento competitivo y eficiente de los mercados bajo revisión. También incluye estimaciones de cómo la aplicación de determinadas recomendaciones podría afectar a la economía.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9780367875350
    Language: English
    Pages: xviii, 423 Seiten , Illustrationen , 25 cm
    Series Statement: Culture, economy and the social
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Infrastructures and social complexity
    DDC: 306.3
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Sozialforschung ; Komplexe Systeme ; Anthropologie ; Welt ; Infrastructure (Economics) Social aspects ; Economic development Social aspects ; Technological complexity Social aspects ; Social systems ; Infrastructure (Economics) Social aspects ; Economic development Social aspects ; Technological complexity Social aspects ; Social systems ; Economic development ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Social systems ; Technological complexity ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Infrastruktur ; Entwicklungsökonomie ; Soziales System ; Komplexität
    Abstract: Contemporary forms of infrastructural development herald alternative futures through their incorporation of digital technologies, mobile capital, international politics and the promises and fears of enhanced connectivity. In tandem with increasing concerns about climate change and the anthropocene, there is further an urgency around contemporary infrastructural provision: a concern about its fragility, and an awareness that these connective, relational systems significantly shape both local and planetary futures in ways that we need to understand more clearly. Offering a rich set of empirically detailed and conceptually sophisticated studies of infrastructural systems and experiments, present and past, contributors to this volume address both the transformative potential of infrastructural systems and their stasis. Covering infrastructural figures; their ontologies, epistemologies, classifications and politics, and spanning development, urban, energy, environmental and information infrastructures, the chapters explore both the promises and failures of infrastructure. Tracing the experimental histories of a wide range of infrastructures and documenting their variable outcomes, the volume offers a unique set of analytical perspectives on contemporary infrastructural complications. These studies bring a systematic empirical and analytical attention to human worlds as they intersect with more-than-human worlds, whether technological or biological
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: Infrastructural complications / Atsuro Morita -- pt. I Development infrastructures -- 2. Keyword: infrastructure: How a humble French engineering term shaped the modern world / Ashley Carse -- 3. Surveying the future perfect: Anthropology, development and the promise of infrastructure / Kregg Hetherington -- 4. Containment and disruption: The illicit economies of infrastructural investment / Penny Harvey -- 5. Infrastructure reform in Indigenous Australia: From mud to mining to military empires / Tess Lea -- 6. Becoming a city: Infrastructural fetishism and scattered urbanization in Vientiane, Laos / Miki Namba -- pt. II Urban infrastructures -- 7. On pressure and the politics of water infrastructure / Nikhil Anand -- 8. Infrastructuring new urban common worlds?: On material politics, civic attachments, and partially existing wind turbines / Anders Blok -- 9. Remediating infrastructure: Tokyo's commuter train network and the new autonomy / Michael Fisch -- 10. generic city: Examples from Jakarta, Indonesia, and Maputo, Mozambique / Abdoumaliq Simone -- 11. Ecologies in beta: The city as infrastructure of apprenticeships / Adolfo Estalella -- pt. III Energy infrastructures -- 12. Living with the earth: More-than-human arrangements in seismic landscapes / Brit Ross Winthereik -- 13. Revolutionary infrastructure / Dominic Boyer -- 14. Infrastructure and the earth / Andrew Barry -- 15. Off the grid: Infrastructure and energy beyond the mains / Jamie Cross -- pt. IV Environmental infrastructures -- 16. River basin: The development of the scientific concept and infrastructures in the Chao Phraya Delta, Thailand / Atsuro Morita -- 17. Multinatural infrastructure: Phnom Penh sewage / Casper Bruun Jensen -- 18. Burial and resurrection in the Anthropocene: Infrastructures of waste / Myra J. Hird -- 19. Evidence, infrastructure and worth / Richard Rottenburg -- pt. V Infrastructural figures -- 20. When infrastructures fail: An ethnographic note in the middle of an Aegean crisis / Sarah Green -- 21. Infrastructure as gesture / Gisa Weszkalnys -- 22. black list: On infrastructural indeterminacy and its reverberations / Madeleine Reeves -- 23. Infrastructural inversion and reflexivity: A "postcolonial" biodiversity databasing project in India / Moe Nakazora -- 24. Survivals as infrastructure: Twenty-first-century struggles with household and family in formal computations / Jane I. Guyer -- pt. VI Digital infrastructures -- 25. Downscaling: From global to local in the climate knowledge infrastructure / Paul N. Edwards -- 26. problem of action: Infrastructure, planning and the informational environment / Hannah Knox -- 27. Machinic operations: Data structuring, healthcare and governmentality / Andrew Goffey -- 28. Infrastructures in name only?: Identifying effects of depth and scale / Adrian Mackenzie -- 29. How knowledge infrastructures learn / Geoffrey C. Bowker.
    Note: Enthält 29 Beiträge
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264458246
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (362 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l’OCDE pour l’évaluation de l’impact sur la concurrence: Tunisie
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Tunisia
    Abstract: This review analyses regulatory barriers to competition in the sectors of freight transport and retail and wholesale trade in Tunisia, with the goal of helping Tunisian authorities make regulation more pro-competitive while fostering long-lasting growth. This report is based on a competition assessment of laws and regulations conducted by the OECD developing recommendations to promote the competitive and efficient functioning of markets under review. It also includes estimates of how the implementation of certain recommendations could impact the economy.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264866607
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (416 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Competition Assessment Reviews: Tunisia
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse les barrières réglementaires à la concurrence dans le secteurs du transport de marchandises et du commerce de gros et de détail en Tunisie, afin d'aider les autorités tunisiennes à rendre la réglementation plus favorable à la concurrence tout en favorisant une croissance durable. Ce rapport est basé sur une évaluation des lois et réglementations en matière de concurrence menée par l'OCDE. Il élabore des recommandations visant à promouvoir un fonctionnement concurrentiel et efficace des marchés examinés. Il comprend également des estimations de l'impact que la mise en œuvre de certaines recommandations pourrait avoir sur l'économie.
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  • 61
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    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 11-40 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:3 | day:13 | month:12 | pages:11-40
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 11-40
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:11-40
    Keywords: health system ; subnational ; Decentralisation ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This article sheds light on the role of subnational governments in health systems across OECD countries. The views in this article show a move away from traditional measures of decentralisation, such as the share of subnational government expenditure of total expenditure, to measures capturing a range of responsibilities in the health sector. The data comes from the 2017 OECD Survey on Performance Measurement Systems in the Health Sector and Responsibilities across Levels of Government. The results show that despite health representing a large sector of subnational government expenditure, central governments still have considerable decision-making power. This power applies to key policy-making and budgeting decisions.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 95-121
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:95-121
    Keywords: health sector ; Europe ; Asia ; Budgeting practices ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This article presents the findings of the OECD Survey of Senior Budget Officials on Budgeting Practices from a 2017 survey covering the Asia and Oceania, and Central, Eastern and South Eastern European regions. The survey is part of the ongoing engagement between health and budget officials in the OECD’s regional networks and provides an comparable set of data to analyse and benchmark good practices in health budgeting. The results of the survey point to an increasing use of budgeting tools from developed countries and support continued engagement to improve budget activities and to meet future challenges of health systems.
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  • 63
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    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 41-66 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:3 | day:13 | month:12 | pages:41-66
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 41-66
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:41-66
    Keywords: health system ; measurement ; Performance ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This article looks at the application of performance measurement systems in the health sector across OECD countries. The data comes from the 2017 OECD Survey on Performance Measurement Systems in the Health Sector and Responsibilities across Levels of Government. The results show that the majority of countries have national performance measurement systems in place, covering multiple aspects of the health system. Despite varying objectives, measurement systems are usually aimed at improving performance of the health system, rather than at containing costs.
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  • 64
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 131-150 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:3 | day:13 | month:12 | pages:131-150
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 131-150
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:131-150
    Keywords: measurement ; productivity ; United Kingdom ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: Measuring health care productivity is important as health is a large sector of the economy and with the majority of funding coming from public sources, the outlook for productivity growth is a critical factor in the debate about fiscal sustainability. The UK has over 20 years’ experience of measuring health care productivity. The UK measure of productivity is relatively comprehensive; measuring hospital, mental health and primary care services. It compares changes in the volume of quality-adjusted output with changes in the volume of quality-adjusted inputs. The productivity measure plays a role in budget setting, fiscal risk assessment and within the health system, hospital reimbursement. The UK experience has considerable strengths but also highlights some of the challenges of health care productivity measurement. Robust productivity measurement requires high quality, comprehensive data collected on a consistent basis over time. Even in a national health service this is challenging. The emerging evidence on allocative efficiency also highlights the importance of shifting the focus from the outputs of healthcare to outcomes. But, however productivity is measured, for fiscal sustainability the critical issue is how to realise potential productivity gains within the healthcare system and the mix of policy and managerial support needed to help the system optimise the trend rate of efficiency growth.
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  • 65
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    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 123-130 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:3 | day:13 | month:12 | pages:123-130
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 123-130
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:123-130
    Keywords: performance ; hospitals ; budgeting ; Norway ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: In this article we give a presentation of the Norwegian quality based financing (QBF) mechanism and our experiences with this financing mechanism. The article outlines the main features of the Norwegian health care system, and its financing mechanisms. We then focus in on the QBF with a description of the system and the main considerations on which the system is based. We give a short theoretical framework on how to design quality based financing systems, and show how the consequences can vary depending on the design of the system. The Norwegian system has been evaluated, and the main findings of this evaluation is discussed together with some tentative predictions about the future developments.
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  • 66
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    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 67-93 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:3 | day:13 | month:12 | pages:67-93
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 67-93
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:67-93
    Keywords: Budgeting ; performance ; Latin America and Caribbean ; health sector ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This article presents the main findings of two OECD Surveys of Senior Budget and Health Officials conducted in the Latin American and Caribbean region. The surveys help to understand the approaches to budgeting, and take account of the prominent role of agents in the health system across the region, including social health insurance agencies and subnational governments. The focus, however, is on the application of performance-orientated reforms to budgeting, and the extent to which countries in the region have adopted such reforms to improve the efficiency of health expenditure to achieve universal health coverage. The findings point to the use of performance and results-based budgeting in the region, along with new models of provider payment systems integrating performance measures.
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  • 67
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    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 151-167 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:3 | day:13 | month:12 | pages:151-167
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 151-167
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:151-167
    Keywords: sustainability ; measurement ; budgeting ; Performance ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: In light of the many discussions advocating the use of pay-for-performance and performance budgeting, this paper argues that discouraging experience with both approaches should temper expectations that performance measurement can be a reform that will make health care systems more "sustainable" or even more efficient. The link between sustainability and efficiency is tenuous, and attention to performance is not new. Measurement's accuracy tends to be overstated and its costs understated or ignored. Nor does it easily lead to changed behaviour. Yet some measurement is useful for managing any complex activity. In particular, there are situations in which measures are more accurate and the proper responses to shortfalls are generally agreed. Policymakers should look for those conditions and encourage the more limited, targeted improvement that measures then can make possible.
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1473
    Keywords: Zahlungsbilanz ; Außenwirtschaftliches Gleichgewicht ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Handelshemmnisse ; Wechselkurs ; Sparen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global trade imbalances narrowed in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. They have remained at a lower level but are still of concern to policy makers because of the risks they pose to individual economies, as well as globally. However, the ultimate causes of these imbalances are not fully clear. Current account positions reflect the gap between national saving and investment, which are in turn affected by policy distortions, including in trade policy. Simulations of the OECD’s METRO model show liberalisation of existing trade distortions would modestly narrow aggregate trade imbalances in the medium term for some countries. Reducing tariffs, non-tariff measures and the combined market access and productivity-enhancing effects of pro-competitive measures in services all have some rebalancing potential. Liberalisation would also offer economically significant income gains for all countries. By contrast, narrowing trade imbalances using trade restrictions would come at disproportionately high economic costs for all countries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 111
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Ökosteuer ; Landwirtschaft ; Produktivität ; Klimapolitik ; Agrarversicherung ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper develops theoretical and quantitative analysis to identify the potential synergies and trade-offs inherent in various policy instruments that address agricultural productivity, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and water quality objectives. The theoretical model used describes crop production choices made by farmers given different sets of government policies and whereby crop yields can be impacted by climate change. Quantitative results on the basis of Finnish data show that decoupled area payment appears to provide more trade-offs than other policy instruments as it increases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nutrient runoff, and decrease total factor productivity and social welfare relative to a situation with no policy. Nitrogen fertiliser tax, a soil GHG emission tax, and a subsidy for green set-aside perform well with respect to all other objectives with the exception of adaptation to climate change. These policy instruments significantly reduce GHG emissions and nutrient runoff, and thus their social welfare performance is high.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1511
    Keywords: 1982 - 2012 ; Erdölvorkommen ; Export ; Rohstoffreichtum ; Ölpreis ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Wechselkurs ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the “resource curse” phenomenon, i.e. the negative impact of oil abundance on long-term economic growth, for a set of oil exporting countries. It distinguishes between two potential drivers of resource courses: oil dependence and oil price volatility, and it investigates whether the resource curse depends on a country’s institutional and macroeconomic environment. The empirical analysis relies on a panel of 24 oil exporters between 1982 and 2012 and an error correction model. The paper provides robust evidence in favour of the resource curse hypothesis, and there is no evidence that higher quality institutions could mitigate the curse. Oil price shocks appear to have an asymmetric impact in the short run: the growth effect is positive when oil prices rise, while no statistically significant effect is observed when they fall. There is also indirect evidence that the impact of an oil price shock is partly offset by fiscal policies, particularly in countries with high oil dependence. In the long run, oil price volatility does not appear to have a statistically significant impact on GDP. Finally, exchange rate regimes seem to play a role: countries allowing their currencies to float seem to gain from positive oil price shocks in the short run, but in the long run a fixed exchange rate regime is associated with higher GDP, probably owing to active stabilisation by sovereign wealth funds.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 71
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making blended finance work for the Sustainable Development Goals
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: The global community has spoken loud and clear: more resources must be mobilised to end extreme poverty and mitigate the effects of climate change. Blended finance - an approach to mix different forms of capital in support of development - is emerging as an important solution to help raise resources for the Sustainable Development Goals in developing countries. But scaling up blended finance without a good understanding of its risks could have unintended consequences for development co-operation providers. This report presents a comprehensive assessment of the state and priorities for blended finance as it is being used to support sustainable development in developing countries. It describes concepts and definitions, presents an overview of actors and instruments, and discusses lessons learned from blending approaches, tracking and data, and monitoring and evaluation. Its findings and recommendations are useful for policy makers and practitioners. 'Blended finance will contribute to faster economic growth, but to achieve this it is vital to get donors into alignment.' Martin Wolf, Chief Economics Commentator, Financial Times 'Official development assistance continues to be a key way to finance efforts aimed at eradicating extreme poverty. However, the challenge is more than governments alone can manage. We must all think, work, finance and deliver development differently to mobilize private-sector resources and expertise to help the world’s poorest and most vulnerable people. Canada continues to promote innovative approaches to finance development and achieve sustainable growth for everyone.' The Honourable Marie-Claude Bibeau, Canada's Minister of International Development and La Francophonie.
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  • 72
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264301672
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (125 p.)
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Dans le cadre de l’initiative de l’OCDE relative aux Nouvelles approches face aux défis économiques (NAEC), des experts de l’Organisation et des personnalités extérieures ont été invités à examiner la théorie de la complexité. Celle-ci permet de mieux comprendre le caractère interdépendant des tendances et influences qui façonnent notre environnement socio-économique. Dans leurs contributions, rassemblées dans cette publication, ces experts examinent les hypothèses, les points forts et les failles des modèles analytiques traditionnels. Ils proposent aussi des pistes pour construire de nouveaux modèles qui prennent en compte des dimensions comme la psychologie, l’histoire et la culture. Les auteurs s’intéressent à la science économique en tant que telle, au système financier et aux applications de la théorie de la complexité à l’élaboration des politiques publiques et à la gouvernance. Un nouveau regard sur la science économique s’impose. Il devrait prendre en compte les espérances, les valeurs, les attitudes et comportements des individus, au même titre que les faits et les données que les économistes ont davantage l’habitude de traiter.
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  • 73
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307827 , 9789264308268 , 9789264308251
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Developing robust project pipelines for low-carbon infrastructure
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Projektmanagement ; Welt ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Klimaschutz
    Abstract: This report aims to provide policy makers with a comprehensive examination of “project pipelines”, a common concept in infrastructure planning and investment discussions, and one which has become a focal point in countries’ efforts to implement their climate commitments. The analysis is structured around some basic but important guiding questions, including: What is meant by project pipelines? How can we characterise them? What concrete approaches and actions can governments and other public institutions take to develop project pipelines and mobilise private finance into these projects? This close look at pipelines suggests that they can only be as robust as the investment-ready and bankable projects that constitute them, as effective as institutions that deliver them, and as ambitious as the objectives to which they are linked. Through a series of case studies, the report highlights that while governments and public institutions are already taking actions to develop robust pipelines in a range of country settings, these pipelines nevertheless need to be strengthened significantly to meet long-term climate mitigation objectives. Good practices pioneered by the countries and actors in the case studies can provide models for governments to adapt and bolster their own efforts.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264304161 , 9789264306653 , 9789264306646
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SME Policy Index
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا المتوسطية 2018: التقييم المرحلي للإصلاحات المتعلقة بالمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Politiques en faveur des PME : Moyen-Orient méditerranéen et Afrique du Nord 2018 : Évaluation intermédiaire des principales réformes en faveur des PME
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa 2018
    Keywords: 2018 ; KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; MENA-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; MENA-Region ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Reform
    Abstract: This report provides an in-depth analysis of major reforms undertaken between 2014 and 2018 to promote micro, small and medium-sized enterprise development in Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority and Tunisia. The report focuses on five strategic areas for SME policy making: SME definitions, statistics and institutions; improving business environments for SMEs and entrepreneurs; fostering access to finance; nurturing start-ups and SME growth; and the development of entrepreneurial human capital. The report aims to showcase good practices and to point to areas where more efforts are needed. It provides valuable guidance for governments, private sector organisations, multilateral bodies and other stakeholders to intensify their efforts to support SMEs as essential vehicles for jobs and competitiveness. This is particularly relevant in a region striving to boost economic diversification, employment creation and the inclusion of youth and women in the economy. The report is the result of a process of close collaboration among governments, the OECD, the European Training Foundation and the European Commission.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264292833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reforma subvențiilor energetice în Republica Moldova: Accesibilitatea la energie, impactul fiscal și de mediu
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy subsidy reform in the Republic of Moldova
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Subvention ; Reform ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Umweltökonomik ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: This report looks at the fiscal, environmental and social impacts of energy subsidy reform in Moldova with a particular focus on energy affordability. Reduced value added tax (VAT) rate on natural gas consumption and a VAT exemption on electricity and heat consumption by domestic users represent the largest fossil-fuel consumer subsidies in Moldova. Reforming these will imply an increase of the VAT rate, which will lead to an increase of gas, electricity and heat tariffs for households, and will in turn affect household consumption levels, related expenditures and energy affordability. If reform measures are to work, they will need to be accompanied by a carefully-designed social policy to protect poor households.
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  • 76
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264306721
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Hungary 2018
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Hungary
    Abstract: La Hongrie a notablement progressé dans le découplage des principales pressions environnementales par rapport à la croissance de la production, ce qui tient en grande partie à la mise en œuvre des directives de l’UE. Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont toutefois reparties à la hausse sous l’effet du récent rebond de l’activité économique. Il n’y a pas eu d’amélioration significative de la qualité de l’air, et des risques continuent de peser sur la qualité de l’eau. D’importantes difficultés institutionnelles font obstacle à une application plus efficace du droit et des politiques de l’environnement. La Hongrie pourrait accélérer la transition vers une économie plus verte et bas carbone, notamment en investissant dans l’efficacité énergétique du secteur résidentiel et dans la gestion rationnelle des déchets et des matières, ainsi qu’en assurant une prise en compte plus systématique de la protection de la biodiversité dans les politiques économiques sectorielles. Ceci est le troisième Examen environnemental de la Hongrie. Il évalue les avancées du pays en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, et comporte des chapitres spéciaux consacrés aux déchets, à la gestion des matières et à l’économie circulaire, ainsi qu’à la biodiversité. Cette version abrégée contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, issues des trois chapitres sur les tendances et développements récents, la gouvernance, la croissance verte, ainsi que des deux chapitres détaillés sur les déchets, la gestion des matières et l’économie circulaire, et sur la biodiversité. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264300026
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (472 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD competition assessment reviews ; volume I: Inland and maritime transports and ports
    Keywords: Wettbewerb ; Verkehrssektor ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Portugal ; Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Verkehrssektor ; Wettbewerb
    Abstract: Portugal’s services markets remain among the most heavily regulated in the OECD. Inland and maritime transports in Portugal are a vital part of the business environment, ensuring the movement of goods and passengers and inputs for the business sector. Regulatory restrictions limit the ability of firms to effectively compete in the markets, whether as providers or customers, while hampering innovation, efficiency and productivity. Against this backdrop, this report analyses Portuguese regulations for road, railway and maritime transport, and many ancillary services (such as vehicle inspection centres), as well as Portugal’s ports. The report examines 1 064 pieces of legislation and makes 417 individual recommendations for amending or removing restrictive provisions to improve competition, and makes a detailed inventory of the analysis underlying the work. Analysis of Portuguese legislation was complemented by research into international experiences and wide consultations with public and private sector stakeholders. The OECD recommendations aim to remove or modify the provisions to benefit businesses and consumers alike. This report identifies the sources of those benefits and gives estimates of their impact. Provided all recommendations are fully implemented, the benefit to the economy from lifting the barriers in the land and maritime transport sectors is estimated to be around EUR 250 million a year.
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  • 78
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310193 , 9789264308367 , 9789264310186
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Concentration in seed markets
    Keywords: Saatgut ; Unternehmenskonzentration ; Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Finance and Investment ; Saatgutmarkt ; Unternehmenskonzentration
    Abstract: Recent mergers in the seed industry have led to concerns about market concentration and its potential effects on prices, product choice, and innovation. This study provides new and detailed empirical evidence on the degree of market concentration in seed and GM technology across a broad range of crops and countries, and analyses the causes and potential effects of concentration. It also explains how competition authorities have responded to mergers, and suggests policy options to help safeguard and stimulate competition and innovation in plant breeding by avoiding unnecessary regulatory barriers, by facilitating access to genetic resources and intellectual property, as well as by stimulating public and private R&D. As this study shows, policy makers have several levers besides competition policy to ensure an innovative and competitive seed industry.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 211-232
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  • 79
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307742 , 9789264307759 , 9789264305366
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The economic effects of public stockholding policies for rice in Asia
    Keywords: Ernährungssicherung ; Reis ; Reispolitik ; Agrarproduktion ; Asien ; Agriculture and Food ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics ; Trade ; Asien ; Agrarproduktion ; Lebensmittelversorgung ; Reis
    Abstract: This report examines how public stockholding policies related to rice in Asia can influence domestic and international markets. Following a review of the working of rice public stockholding programmes in eight Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, the Philippines and Thailand), the report examines the impacts of these programmes over the medium term (2018-2030) and analyses how these impacts would change should the selected countries collectively set their public stocks to either a low or high level. Results show that the strongest impacts would occur during the three-year transition period when countries adjust their public stocks to the new levels, but that there would also be structural impacts over the medium term, although at a lower intensity, on procurement, domestic and international prices, availability, private stock levels, and public expenditure. In the event of a global production shock, the model projects that the immediate impact on prices and availability would be less severe under the high public stock scenario, but that recovery would be faster and public expenditure lower when countries hold smaller public stocks.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264301016
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving markets for recycled plastics
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Kunststoff ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Umweltpolitik ; Welt ; Environment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Welt ; Kunststoff ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Recycling ; Umweltpolitik ; Welt ; Kunststoff ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Recycling ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Plastics have become one of the most prolific materials on the planet: in 2015 we produced about 380 million tonnes of plastics globally, up from 2 million tonnes in the 1950s. Yet today only 15% of this plastic waste is collected and recycled into secondary plastics globally each year. This report looks at why this is the case and what we can do about it, as the pervasiveness of plastics is becoming an urgent public health and planetary problem. Not only is the diffusion of waste plastics into the wider environment creating hugely negative impacts, but plastics production emits approximately 400 million tonnes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions annually as a result of the energy used in their production, transport, and final waste treatment. Improved plastics collection and recycling represents a promising solution to these concerns.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264303911 , 9789264304826 , 9789264304819
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Australian services trade in the global economy
    Keywords: Dienstleistungshandel ; Australien ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade ; Australia
    Abstract: This book presents an in depth analysis of the contribution of services to the Australian economy, the regulatory environment of the services sector and its performance in an international context. The analysis highlights the importance of co-ordinated domestic policy action, priorities for promoting behind-the-border regulatory reforms in strategic international markets, and the benefits of an ambitious bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral trade policy agenda that contributes to rules-based certainty and predictability in services trade globally.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300385 , 9789264301375 , 9789264301368
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Divided cities
    Keywords: Stadtsoziologie ; Stadtentwicklung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This report provides an assessment of spatial inequalities and segregation in cities and metropolitan areas from multiple perspectives. The chapters in the report focus on a subset of OECD countries and non-member economies, and provide new insights on cross-cutting issues for city neighbourhooods, such as the patterns of segregation across income groups, migrant concentration and diversity across cities of different sizes, the role of public transport accessibility in widening intra-city inequalities, and the expected path dependency on outcomes related to segregation. The report also discusses methodological alternatives for measuring different dimensions of inequality and segregation across cities, and highlights the role of public policies in bridging urban divides and the relevance of the scale of analysis in order to make sound international comparisons.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264306929 , 9789264309739 , 9789264309722
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Financial incentives and retirement savings
    Keywords: Private Altersvorsorge ; Anreiz ; Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Are tax incentives the best way to encourage people to save for retirement? This publication assesses whether countries can improve the design of financial incentives to promote savings for retirement. After describing how different countries design financial incentives to promote savings for retirement in funded pensions, the study calculates the overall tax advantage that individuals may benefit from as a result of those incentives when saving for retirement. It then examines the fiscal cost of those incentives and their effectiveness in increasing retirement savings, and looks into alternative approaches to designing financial incentives. The study ends with policy guidelines on how to improve the design of financial incentives to promote savings for retirement, highlighting that depending on the policy objective certain designs of tax incentives or non-tax incentives may be more appropriate.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264302884
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (308 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Maroc est l'un des premiers pays, et le seul au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord, à bénéficier d'un Programme-pays de l'OCDE. Cet outil stratégique offre un cadre de collaboration privilégié et renforcé entre le Maroc et l’OCDE. Signé le 15 juin 2015, le Programme-pays comprend 16 projets incluant des revues de politiques publiques, des examens par les pairs, des activités de renforcement des capacités et l'inclusion à des outils statistiques de l'OCDE. Il prévoit également une participation renforcée aux activités de 9 comités, et l'adhésion à 9 instruments juridiques de l'OCDE. Le Dialogue Maroc-OCDE sur les politiques de développement régional, projet phare du programme pays Maroc, a accompagné la mise en œuvre de la régionalisation avancée entre 2016-2017. Il a mobilisé plus de 800 parties prenantes marocaines autour de quatre priorités: (i) la métropolisation, à travers la gouvernance de métropolitaine de Casablanca ; (ii) les liens urbain-rural, dans les provinces de Taounate et de Berrechid ; (iii) le renforcement des capacités pour la production, l’usage et la gouvernance des indicateurs territoriaux ; et (iv) la gouvernance de l’investissement public entre niveaux de gouvernement pour accompagner l’adhésion du Maroc à la Recommandation de l’OCDE sur l’Investissement Public Efficace entre Niveaux de Gouvernement.
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 22 (July 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.22
    Keywords: 2016 ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Szenariotechnik ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents long-run economic projections for 46 countries, extending the short-run projections of the Spring 2018 OECD Economic Outlook. It first sets out a baseline scenario under the assumption that countries do not carry out institutional and policy reforms. This scenario is then used as a reference point to illustrate the potential impact of structural reforms in alternative scenarios, including better governance and educational attainment in the large emerging-market economies and competition-friendly product market and labour market reforms in OECD economies. Flexibility-enhancing labour market reforms not only boost living standards but, by raising the employment rate, also help alleviate fiscal pressures associated with population ageing. Another scenario illustrates the potential positive impact of linking the pensionable age to life expectancy on the participation rate of older workers, and in particular that of women. Additional scenarios illustrate the potential economic gains from raising public investment and spending more on research and development. A final ‘negative’ scenario shows how slipping back on trade liberalisation – returning to 1990 average tariff rates – might depress standards of living everywhere.
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 213
    Keywords: Dienstleistungshandel ; GATS ; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Handelsabkommen ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Internationaler Markteintritt ; WTO-Recht ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper looks at market access and national treatment commitments for services in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and in 95 regional trade agreements (RTAs) involving the countries that are covered in the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI). The objective is to quantify the impact of legal bindings on trade in services that result from a reduction in the uncertainty faced by exporters. Bilateral bindings indices are created for five broad service sectors (professional services, computer services, telecoms, financial services and transport services). They indicate how close the sector is from a fully bound regime with no possibility to introduce any new trade barrier, by comparing commitments with the actual trade regime. These bilateral indices are then tested over the period 2000-2014 in a structural gravity model. Despite differences across sectors, the results confirm that the legal bindings typically found in services trade agreements tend to have a positive impact on exports even if no actual liberalisation takes place.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2018, 03
    Keywords: Stadtwachstum ; Stadtentwicklung ; Urbanistik ; Bibliometrie ; Welt ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Most developed countries now pursue policies that implicitly or explicitly aim at promoting compact urban form. This report analyses more than 300 academic papers that study the effects of compact urban form, and finds that 69% of the papers reviewed find positive effects associated with compact urban form. Over 70% of studies find positive effects of economic density (the number of people living or working in an area). A smaller majority of studies attribute positive effects to mixed land use (58%) and the density of the built environment (56%). These averages hide significant variation across specific dimensions of urban development. In order to understand the effects of compact urban form, the report estimates the monetary per capita value of the change in 15 outcomes in response to a 10% change in economic density. The major benefits of economic density arise from improved productivity and better access to jobs and services. Further benefits are generated through the preservation of urban green space, greater energy efficiency, pollution reduction and safer urban environments. The major costs of higher economic density are related to congestion, health and well-being. Increasing compactness can also contribute to higher land values and housing costs, which are borne disproportionately by renters and first-time buyers. Increasing economic density therefore requires accompanying policy interventions to maximise the benefits and minimise the costs associated with compactness. In particular, policymakers need to facilitate large-scale investment in housing supply and public transport networks to ensure efficient and equitable access to housing, services and jobs in compact cities.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1494
    Keywords: Governance-Ansatz ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Staatsbankrott ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides robust empirical evidence that government effectiveness is a key determinant of sovereign defaults. Government effectiveness is measured by a broad-based perception index of the Worldwide Governance Indicators database (WGI) disseminated by the World Bank. Public debt and sovereign default data cover both external and internal government debt. In a systematic and demanding robustness check with any possible sub-sample of a large set of control variables, the effect of government effectiveness is almost always robust. In addition, the effects of the five other main indicators of the WGI database on default risk are also investigated, showing that the rule of law, regulatory quality, control of corruption and voice and accountability are also robustly linked with default risk. Regressions with the mortality of settlers as an instrument indicate a causal effect from government effectiveness to sovereign default.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300163 , 9789264085190 , 9789264300156
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Private philanthropy for development
    Keywords: Wohltätigkeit ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Welt ; Development
    Abstract: Philanthropy’s role in advancing sustainable development attracts a lot of attention. This report calls into question long-held assumptions about the volume, nature and potential of foundations’ engagement in developing countries, and the role they can play to support the SDGs. It presents ground-breaking data and analysis that capture previously non-existent global and comparable quantitative and qualitative data on how foundations support development. The report examines philanthropic resource flows for development purposes, as well as foundations’ priorities, practices and partnering behaviours. It presents fresh perspectives and action-oriented recommendations to optimise philanthropy’s role in support of sustainable development. This report offers practical insights for government policy makers and decision makers in civil society organisations, social enterprises and foundations. It results from close co-operation between the OECD Development Centre’s Network of Foundations Working for Development (netFWD) and the OECD Development Co-operation Directorate.
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 109 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 135
    Keywords: Erzbergbau ; Metallindustrie ; Subvention ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Welt ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Public support for metal extraction and processing has received little attention relative to that for the agriculture, energy, or fisheries sectors. That is perhaps surprising given the potentially environmental harmful character of metal extraction and processing, and the emerging interest in transitioning to a more resource efficient and circular economy. This report addresses this knowledge gap by mapping out the most common forms of support provided for primary metals (produced from mineral ores) and secondary metals (produced from scrap).
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 10
    Keywords: 1820 - 2010 ; Lebensqualität ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Vergleich ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper describes development patterns beyond GDP in a long-term historical perspective. It revisits the discussion on the goals of development in light of the current discussions on ‘Beyond GDP’, provides evidence on GDP and well-being outcomes since 1820 in a broad range of developing and emerging countries, and compares the experience of early industrialising countries and more recently emerging ones.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264305274
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA for development assessment and analytical framework
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Schüler ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; PISA-Studie ; Lesefähigkeit ; Mathematikunterricht ; Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht
    Abstract: “What is important for citizens to know and be able to do?” The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) seeks to answer that question through the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student knowledge and skills. As more countries join its ranks, PISA is evolving to successfully cater for a larger and more diverse group of participants. The OECD launched the PISA for Development initiative in 2014 to support evidence-based policy making globally and offer universal tools in monitoring progress towards the Education Sustainable Development Goal. Spanning six years, this unique pilot project aims to make the assessment more accessible and relevant to a wider range of countries, while maintaining the overall PISA framework and accordance with PISA’s technical standards and usual practices. The PISA for Development Assessment and Analytical Framework presents the conceptual foundations of the project, and covers reading, mathematics and science. PISA for Development has a school-based component and an out-of-school one. For the school-based component, a questionnaire about students’ background is distributed to all participating students. School principals complete a school questionnaire that describes the school, its students and teachers, and the learning environment. Teachers also complete a questionnaire about themselves, the school’s resources, their teaching practice and their students. The out-of-school respondents complete a background questionnaire, and their parent (or person most knowledgeable about them) answers a questionnaire about the youth’s background and childhood experiences. A household observation questionnaire is completed by the interviewer, and information about the location of the household is collected by PISA for Development National Centres. Nine countries participated in the PISA for Development assessment: Bhutan, Cambodia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Senegal and Zambia.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264282957
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (412 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Vietnam ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: This review uses the OECD Policy Framework for Investment to present an assessment of the investment climate in Viet Nam and to discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by the government of Viet Nam in its reform efforts. It includes chapters on foreign investment trends and performance, the entry and operations of foreign investors, the legal framework for investment, corporate governance and competition policy, tax reforms, investment promotion and facilitation, infrastructure connectivity, investment framework for green growth and policies to promote and enable responsible business conduct.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264302440 , 9789264302273 , 9789264302433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Обзор системы социальной защиты Кыргызстана
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social protection system review of Kyrgyzstan
    Keywords: Soziale Sicherheit ; Kirgisistan ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Kyrgyzstan
    Abstract: Social protection is at the heart of Kyrgyzstan’s development and is a priority of public policy. Pension coverage among today’s elderly is universal and a large number of contributory and non-contributory programmes are in place to cover a wide range of risks. Kyrgyzstan has succeeded in maintaining the entitlements dating from the Soviet era while introducing programmes appropriate for its transition to a market economy. However, severe fiscal constraints have limited the coverage of these new arrangements and their capacity to adapt to challenges such as poverty, pervasive informality and emigration.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307599 , 9789264311398 , 9789264311404
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stemming the superbug tide
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Antibiotika ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Amtliche Publikation ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Antibiotikum
    Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a large and growing problem with the potential for enormous health and economic consequences, globally. As such, AMR has become a central issue at the top of the public health agenda of OECD countries and beyond. In this report, OECD used advanced techniques, including machine learning, ensemble modelling and a microsimulation model, to provide support for policy action in the human health sector. AMR rates are high and are projected to grow further, particularly for second- and third-line antibiotics, and if no effective action is taken this is forecasted to produce a significant health and economic burden in OECD and EU28 countries. This burden can be addressed by implementing effective public health initiatives. This report reviews policies currently in place in high-income countries and identifies a set of ‘best buys’ to tackle AMR that, if scaled up at the national level, would provide an affordable and cost-effective instrument in the fight against AMR.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289727
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mobilising finance for climate action in Georgia
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Klimapolitik ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Finanzierung ; Georgien ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Georgia
    Abstract: This report discusses key issues surrounding finance mobilisation for achieving Georgia’s climate change and green growth targets, and new investment opportunities for developing its capital market. The report focuses particularly on finance for climate change mitigation from various sources – private and public, national and international – but remains relevant for other issues around the country’s green growth agenda, such as energy productivity, air pollution prevention, climate change adaptation, better waste management, conservation of natural resources, and the technologies and innovations that help tackle these issues.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264304864 , 9789264308701 , 9789264308718
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Subnational public-private partnerships
    Keywords: Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Regionalentwicklung ; Kommunale Investition ; Großbritannien ; Frankreich ; Virginia ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This report focuses on the challenges of governing infrastructure investment and public-private partnerships (PPPs) at the subnational level. Subnational governments – cities and regions – play a vital role in the infrastructure landscape. Infrastructure needs in energy, transport, water and telecommunications are substantial, estimated at USD 6.3 trillion per year between 2016 and 2030. In a tight fiscal environment, it is critical to diversify sources of financing for infrastructure investment and PPPs represent an alternative to traditional government procurement with the potential to improve value for money. However, PPPs are complex and sometimes risky arrangements that require capacity that is not always readily available in government, in particular at the subnational level. This report examines the challenges of using PPPs at the subnational level and ways to address them. It does so by focusing on three case studies: subnational PPPs in France, local Private Finance Initiative (PFI) projects in the United Kingdom, and PPPs in Virginia (United States).
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789282116234
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Calles más seguras : Benchmarking mundial de seguridad vial urbana
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This document aims to support cities in setting road safety targets and to monitor progress in improving urban road safety. Pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists account for nearly 80% of urban traffic fatalities. Cities should thus intensify efforts to improve the safety of vulnerable road users. This document presents traffic safety indicators for different road user groups collected in 31 cities to facilitate the evaluation, monitoring and benchmarking of road safety outcomes. It places a particular attention on measuring the risk of fatality per unit distance travelled.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264311916 , 9789264311909 , 9789264308831
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multilateral development finance
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsorganisation ; Nichtregierungsorganisation ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: This report contributes to the broader international debate on why we need multilateralism and how to make it more effective to achieve the 2030 Agenda. At a time when the value of multilateralism is being questioned, the report provides new evidence and recommendations for a new “pact” on multilateralism. This pact would be founded on recognition of the mutual responsibility of sovereign states and multilateral institutions to create a stronger, more effective multilateral system. The report offers a detailed overview of official development assistance (ODA) spending through the multilateral system. This year’s edition introduces three innovations. First, it examines the growing role of China, other sovereign states, philanthropy and the private sector as funders of multilateral organisations. Second, it analyses concessional and non-concessional spending by multilateral institutions, and discusses how multilateral action needs to adapt to the new development agenda. Third, it presents a new multi-dimensional metrics to measure the quality of multilateral funding, using financing to the World Health Organisation as a case study. Building on this evidence, the report outlines policy recommendations that provide a sound basis for principles of good multilateral donorship to deliver on the 2030 Agenda.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264306288
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Access to Private Finance for Green Investments: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Financing in Ukraine
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Development ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Цей звіт являє собою цільове дослідження успішного досвіду кредитування сталої енергетики в Україні. Перед тим, як розглянути у подробицях роль та спроможності банківського сектора, у роботі аналізується макроекономічний та політичний контекст для "зелених" інвестицій в Україні. Це дослідження є частиною більш масштабного проекту ОЕСР щодо розширення доступу до приватного фінансування для "зелених" інвестицій у країнах Східного партнерства ЄС і є продовженням регіонального аналізу, здійсненого у 2015 році. Ця робота є частиною Програми "Екологізація економіки в країнах Східного партнерства Європейського Союзу", метою якої є надання сприяння шести країнам Східного партнерства у їх просуванні в напрямку екологічної економіки шляхом очищення економічного зростання від погіршення екологічної ситуації та виснаження природних ресурсів.
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