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  • 1980-1984  (36)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1982  (36)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
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  • 1980-1984  (36)
  • 1970-1974
Jahr
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401097819
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (157 pages)
    Serie: Studies in Development Paediatrics Ser. v.4
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.3/2
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic books
    Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400977297
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (371 pages)
    Serie: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook Ser. v.6
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306/.45
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic books
    Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401169790
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 472 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: The Handbook of Electronics Packaging Design and Engineering has been writ­ ten as a reference source for use in the packaging design of electronics equip­ ment. It is designed to provide a single convenient source for the solution of re­ curring design problems. The primary consideration of any design is that the end product meet or exceed the applicable product specifications. The judicious use of uniform design practices will realize the following economies and equipment improvements: • Economics of design. Uniform design practices will result in less engineering and design times and lower costs. They will also reduce the number of changes that may be required due to poor reliability, maintainability, or producibility. • Improved design. Better designs with increased reliability, maintainability, and producibility will result from the use of uniform design practices. • Production economies. Uniform designs employing standard available tools, materials, and parts will result in the cost control of manufacturing. The Handbook is intended primarily for the serious student of electronics packaging and for those engineers and designers actively engaged in this vital and interesting profession. It attempts to present electronics packaging as it is today. It can be used as a training text for instructional purposes and as a reference source for the practicing designer and engineer
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Electronics Packaging Design and Engineering: Definition and purpose of electronics packaging and the role of the Designer and Engineer.2 Project Planning: Defining the task to be performed, estimating the documentation, labor, costs, and scheduling. -- 3 Human Factors Engineering: Designing the man-machine interface. Achieving success through the integration of the Human into the system. -- 4 Fabrication Processes: The Designer and Engineer must have a good knowledge of the manufacturing processes used in the production of electronics equipment. -- 5 Mechanical Fasteners: Reliability of available mechanical fastening devices and their applications, strength, and protective finishes. -- 6 Heat Transfer and Thermal Control: One of the most critical problems in electronics packaging is the removal of excessive heat. A simplified method of Thermal design. -- 7 Shock and Vibration Design: Shock and vibration become problems long before the equipment is installed. A quick empirical method of evaluating the mechanical stability of the equipment. -- 8 Subassemblies and Assemblies: Experience has shown that the so-called “scrambled” parts and wiring are not acceptable for reliable electronics equipment. -- 9 Design Considerations for Space Electronics: Equipment must be protected from the harsh environments of Space. Some of this data is useful in ground installations where severe environments may be encountered. -- 10 Environmental Protection: Methods and materials for the protection of equipment in harsh applications, including rain, dust, heat, salt water atmosphere, etc. -- 11 Radio Frequency and Electromagnetic Shielding: An ideal equipment would not radiate unwanted energy, nor would it be susceptable to unwanted radiations. Designing seals and enclosures for EMI/RFI environments. -- 12 Design and Development of Miniature Electronics Systems: The advantage of the miniaturized, compact equipment is the ease with which it can be ruggedized. In modern electronics space is often limited. -- 13 Wiring and Cabling: Conductors play an important role in reliable electronics equipment. Conductor variation have become as complex as the electronics they serve. -- 14 Materials and Processes: Material availability and the applications they serve. How and what to use in specific designs. -- 15 Safety: The design of every electronics equipment must employ features to protect the operating and maintenance personnel. Protection must also be enforced to prevent inadvertant damage to the machine. -- 16 Printed Circuits: Printed wiring can produce a more reliable and lower cost product. -- 17 Reference Tables and and Figures: Standard data of commercially available and military hardware. Engineering standards and measures. -- 18 Terminology: Terminology used in Engineering design and manufacturing. Communications.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401711395
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 160 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Political science.
    Kurzfassung: I Theory -- 1 The Problem: Economic Analysis and the Rise of New Regulation -- 2 Ideology: An Explanation for Public Policy Making -- 3 Roll Call Voting by Congress -- II Evidence -- 4 Public Interest Lobbies -- 5 Voting on Minimum Wages -- 6 Ideology and Logrolling -- 7 Empirical Estimation of the General Equilibrium Model -- III Contributions -- 8 A Comparison of the 1972 and 1978 Elections: Role of the PACs -- 9 Some Additional Effects of Contributions -- 10 Conclusions and Implications -- Appendix: Analysis of Econometric Models with Qualitative Dependent Variables -- References.
    Kurzfassung: In a sense, this book might seem like a strange undertaking for two economists. The material seems to be much closer to political science than to economics; our topic is the determinants of congressional voting. Legislatures and roll call voting are traditionally in the domain of political science. This introduction is intended to explain why we have found this book worth writing. Today the economy functions in a regulated framework. Whether or not there ever was a "golden age" of laissez faire capitalism is an issue for historians; such an age does not now exist. One implication of the high degree of politicization of the modern economy is that one cannot any longer study economics divorced from politics. The rise to prominence of the field of public choice is one strong piece of evidence about what many economists see as the significant influence of the political sector over what would seem to be purely economic variables. A more homey example may also be used to il­ lustrate the phenomenon of increased politicization of the economy. All economists have had the experience of lecturing on the unemployment­ creating effects of a minimum wage or on the shortage-creating implications of price controls, only to have a student ask: "But if that is so, why do we have those laws?" One way of viewing this book is as an attempt to answer that question.
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400973022
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social service. ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Community psychology.
    Kurzfassung: I The Social Psychological Approach -- 1 The Social Psychological Approach -- II The Nature of Social Psychology -- 2 The Character of Social Psychology -- 3 Relationships -- 4 Identity -- 5 Groups -- 6 Environment -- 7 Personal and Social Change -- 8 Central Tenets of SPA Explanation and Analysis -- III The Nature of Social Work -- 9 The Structure of Social Work -- 10 BASW and Social Work -- 11 Demands and Skills -- IV Theory Use -- 12 Levels of Analysis in Social Work -- 13 How to Use a Theory -- V The Spa in Practice -- 14 Disablement -- 15 Group Homes -- 16 Child Battering -- 17 Community Work -- 18 Mental Illness -- 19 Use of the SPA by the Client -- 20 Student Supervision -- VI Analyst, Analyse Thyself -- Preface -- 21 The Position of the Social Work Profession -- 22 The Position of the Individual Social Worker -- VII Theory into Action -- 23 Theory into Action: A Conclusion -- References.
    Kurzfassung: This book was created to describe the social psychological approach (SPA) to the social work process. It has long been asserted that social workers need to understand and use social psychology in their practice. Yet the literature avail· able to social workers has been limited. There have been no texts on social psychology specifically designed for social workers. Instead, social workers have been presented with various forms of individual psychology and macrosociol­ ogy. There is, however, an important contribution which social psychology, the study of the individual in a social context, can make to the social work process. This contribution is the central concern of this book. Consequently, the book is seen as filling a fundamental gap in the existing social work literature. The structure of the book is dictated by the belief that social workers and social psychologists should collaborate in evolving a social psychological model of social work practice. Such a model, the result of collaboration between a social worker and a social psychologist, is presented here. The book is addressed not simply to teachers and students of social work but also, specifically, to social work practitioners and to social psychologists besides all those who deal with social work problems. In addressing a wide audience, it is important to estab­ lish a lingua franca: social workers need to understand the basics of social psychology and social psychologists must understand the basis of social work practice.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I The Social Psychological Approach1 The Social Psychological Approach -- II The Nature of Social Psychology -- 2 The Character of Social Psychology -- 3 Relationships -- 4 Identity -- 5 Groups -- 6 Environment -- 7 Personal and Social Change -- 8 Central Tenets of SPA Explanation and Analysis -- III The Nature of Social Work -- 9 The Structure of Social Work -- 10 BASW and Social Work -- 11 Demands and Skills -- IV Theory Use -- 12 Levels of Analysis in Social Work -- 13 How to Use a Theory -- V The Spa in Practice -- 14 Disablement -- 15 Group Homes -- 16 Child Battering -- 17 Community Work -- 18 Mental Illness -- 19 Use of the SPA by the Client -- 20 Student Supervision -- VI Analyst, Analyse Thyself -- Preface -- 21 The Position of the Social Work Profession -- 22 The Position of the Individual Social Worker -- VII Theory into Action -- 23 Theory into Action: A Conclusion -- References.
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400977969
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (384p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 501
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Ecology
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Background and Some Current Problems of Theoretical EcologyA Succession of Paradigms in Ecology: Essentialism to Materialism and Probabilism -- A Note on Simberloff’s ‘Succession of Paradigms in Ecology’ -- Dialectics and Reductionism in Ecology -- Reply -- Reductionistic Research Strategies and Their Biases in the Units of Selection Controversy -- Ecology - A Mixture of Pattern and Probabilism -- Useful Concepts for Predictive Ecology -- The Domain of Laboratory Ecology -- Null Hypotheses in Ecology -- The Role of Theoretical Concepts in Understanding the Ecological Theatre: A Case Study on Island Biogeography -- Randomness and Perceived-Randomness in Evolutionary Biology -- Why Misunderstand the Evolutionary Half of Biology? -- Natural Kinds, Natural History and Ecology -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959101
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: General Considerations -- The phase rule -- The ternary space model -- 2 Systems Containing Two Phases -- 3 Systems Containing Three Phases -- Systems Containing Three Phases -- Systems containing a eutectic reaction L ?? + #x03B2; -- Systems containing a peritectic reaction L + ? ? #x03B2; -- Transition between eutectic and peritectic three-phase reactions -- Systems containing a monotectic reaction L1? L2 + ? -- Systems containing a solid state miscibility gap that closes within 36 the system -- 4 Systems Containing Four Phases -- Systems containing a ternary eutectic reaction -- 4.2 Fundamental (2,2) Two-Dimensional Lattice Structures -- 5 Reversible Logic: Fundamentals and New Results -- An intermediate phase stable up to its melting point (i.e. con- 66 gruently melting) exists in one of the binary systems -- An intermediate phase formed by a peritectic reaction exists in one of the binary systems -- More than one binary intermediate phase exists in the system -- Ternary intermediate phases are present -- 6 Reversible Lattice Structure -- Primary phase fields on a liquidus projection -- Curves on a liquidus projection -- Points on a liquidus projection -- Non-equilibrium cooling -- 7 Selected Case Studies of Ternary Systems -- C-Nb-ta -- As-Ga-Zn -- Au-Pb-Sn -- Al-Cr-Ni -- C-Cr-Fe, Cr-Fe-Ni and C-Cr-Fe-Ni -- Fe-O-S -- Ag-Pb-Zn -- Al203-MgO-Si02 -- Answers to Problems -- References -- Graph Paper for Calculations.
    Kurzfassung: INFORMATION concerning phase equilibria, such as can be represented by equilibrium diagrams is important in a number of fields of scientific study, and especially in metallurgy, ceramics, and chemistry. Materials of interest in these fields range through single-component to multi-component sys­ tems, the latter often being very complex. While many industrially im­ portant systems can be represented adequately by binary equilibrium diagrams, ternary diagrams provide a basis for studying a wide range of the more complex systems, such as are encountered in certain industrial alloys, and in slags and ceramics. A number of texts dealing with ternary systems are already available (see for example references 2-8). Some of these are very comprehensive and include many diagrams, and their use will take the student of the sub­ ject to an advanced and detailed level of understanding. The present mono­ graph is intended primarily as an introductory text, which it is hoped will prove useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students of metallurgy and ceramics, in particular. Special attention is given to the requirement of the metallurgist and ceramist to use phase diagrams as a means of under­ standing phase changes that occur during heating and cooling, as in solidi­ fication and heat treatment of alloys. This aspect is emphasized in terms of the principles of solidification reactions in relation to solid state constitu­ tion, particularly making use of liquidus and solidus projections.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: General ConsiderationsThe phase rule -- The ternary space model -- 2 Systems Containing Two Phases -- 3 Systems Containing Three Phases -- Systems Containing Three Phases -- Systems containing a eutectic reaction L ?? + #x03B2; -- Systems containing a peritectic reaction L + ? ? #x03B2; -- Transition between eutectic and peritectic three-phase reactions -- Systems containing a monotectic reaction L1? L2 + ? -- Systems containing a solid state miscibility gap that closes within 36 the system -- 4 Systems Containing Four Phases -- Systems containing a ternary eutectic reaction -- 4.2 Fundamental (2,2) Two-Dimensional Lattice Structures -- 5 Reversible Logic: Fundamentals and New Results -- An intermediate phase stable up to its melting point (i.e. con- 66 gruently melting) exists in one of the binary systems -- An intermediate phase formed by a peritectic reaction exists in one of the binary systems -- More than one binary intermediate phase exists in the system -- Ternary intermediate phases are present -- 6 Reversible Lattice Structure -- Primary phase fields on a liquidus projection -- Curves on a liquidus projection -- Points on a liquidus projection -- Non-equilibrium cooling -- 7 Selected Case Studies of Ternary Systems -- C-Nb-ta -- As-Ga-Zn -- Au-Pb-Sn -- Al-Cr-Ni -- C-Cr-Fe, Cr-Fe-Ni and C-Cr-Fe-Ni -- Fe-O-S -- Ag-Pb-Zn -- Al203-MgO-Si02 -- Answers to Problems -- References -- Graph Paper for Calculations.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959460
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Materials (A1) -- 1.1 Stress and strain -- 1.2 Hooke’s Law and Young’s Modulus -- 1.3 Testing of materials: load—extension graphs -- Exercises 1.1 -- 2. Heat -- 2.1 Linear and cubical expansion (B2) -- Exercises 2.1 -- 2.2 Sensible heat and latent heat (B3) -- 2.3 Specific heat capacity -- 2.4 Boiling point of liquids -- Exercises 2.2 -- 2.5 Elementary thermodynamics (B4) -- Exercises 2.3 -- 2.6 Compression ratios (B5) -- Exercises 2.4 -- 2.7 Engine power and efficiency (B6) -- Exercises 2.5 -- 2.8 Internal combustion engine cycles -- 2.9 Imep, bmep and mechanical efficiency -- Exercises 2.6 -- 2.10 Engine torque and brake power -- 2.11 Fuel consumption and thermal efficiency -- Exercises 2.7 -- 2.12 Engine testing and characteristic curves -- 2.13 Conservation of energy -- 2.14 Indicated power and mechanical efficiency -- Exercises 2.8 -- Exercises 2.9 -- 2.15 Fuel consumption and thermal efficiency -- 2.16 Ignition tests -- 2.17 Heat balance tests -- Exercises 2.10 -- 2.18 Fuels used in IC engines (B7) -- 3. Dynamics -- 3.1 Velocity and acceleration (C8) -- Exercises 3.1 -- 3.2 Free falling and projected bodies -- Exercises 3.2 -- 3.3 Angular and linear motion (C9) -- Exercises 3.3 -- 3.4 Friction and bearings (C10) -- Exercises 3.4 -- 3.5 Clutches -- Exercises 3.5 -- 3.6 Brakes -- Exercises 3.6 -- 4. Lubrication (D11) -- 4.1 Principles of bearings and their uses -- 4.2 Ball and roller bearings -- 4.3 Properties of lubricating oils -- 5. Statics -- 5.1 Triangle and polygon of forces (E13) -- 5.2 Piston, connecting rod and cylinder wall forces -- 5.3 Torque at the crankshaft -- 5.4 Piston displacement -- 5.5 Wheel balance -- Exercises 5.1 -- 5.6 Principle of moments (E14) -- 5.7 Centre of gravity -- Exercises 5.2 -- 5.8 Reaction of beam supports (E15) -- 5.9 Bending moments and shearing forces -- Exercises 5.3 -- 5.10 Springs and torsion bars (E16) -- Exercises 5.4 -- 5.11 Transmission and steering components (E17) -- Exercises 5.5 -- 6. Electricity (F18) -- 6.1 The secondary cell -- 6.2 Battery developments -- Exercises 6.1 -- 7. Miscellaneous exercises -- 7.1 Materials -- 7.2 Heat -- 7.3 Dynamics -- 7.4 Statics -- Answers to Exercises.
    Kurzfassung: A motor vehicle technician has to attain high technological skills to enable him or her to diagnose faults and service modern transport vehicles and their components. Science is a branch of study concerned with the systematic investigation of observed facts, and forms an important foundation on which to build sound engineering practice. Such a background will stimulate personal development by increasing confidence and intellectual ability. This is the first of two books planned to cover the TEe U77/413 and 415 Motor Vehicle Science II and III Model programmes of study. Part 1 is intended to cover the requirements of Motor Vehicle Science II. The fundamental principles of engineering science have been applied to the motor vehicle in a systematic and progressive manner to enable the reader to follow most of the work on his or her initiative. The book is aimed mainly at the student who is attending a recognized college course leading to a Technician qualification. The importance of the college lecturer and his individual method of teaching the subject remains of prime importance to the student. The book is designed to become a valid source of information to assist the student both in and out of the classroom environment to attain his or her objective. Numerous fully worked and exercise examples are given. Plenty of practice in solving problems is an excellent way to gain knowledge of the subject, and improve confidence in preparation for an examination.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Materials (A1)1.1 Stress and strain -- 1.2 Hooke’s Law and Young’s Modulus -- 1.3 Testing of materials: load-extension graphs -- Exercises 1.1 -- 2. Heat -- 2.1 Linear and cubical expansion (B2) -- Exercises 2.1 -- 2.2 Sensible heat and latent heat (B3) -- 2.3 Specific heat capacity -- 2.4 Boiling point of liquids -- Exercises 2.2 -- 2.5 Elementary thermodynamics (B4) -- Exercises 2.3 -- 2.6 Compression ratios (B5) -- Exercises 2.4 -- 2.7 Engine power and efficiency (B6) -- Exercises 2.5 -- 2.8 Internal combustion engine cycles -- 2.9 Imep, bmep and mechanical efficiency -- Exercises 2.6 -- 2.10 Engine torque and brake power -- 2.11 Fuel consumption and thermal efficiency -- Exercises 2.7 -- 2.12 Engine testing and characteristic curves -- 2.13 Conservation of energy -- 2.14 Indicated power and mechanical efficiency -- Exercises 2.8 -- Exercises 2.9 -- 2.15 Fuel consumption and thermal efficiency -- 2.16 Ignition tests -- 2.17 Heat balance tests -- Exercises 2.10 -- 2.18 Fuels used in IC engines (B7) -- 3. Dynamics -- 3.1 Velocity and acceleration (C8) -- Exercises 3.1 -- 3.2 Free falling and projected bodies -- Exercises 3.2 -- 3.3 Angular and linear motion (C9) -- Exercises 3.3 -- 3.4 Friction and bearings (C10) -- Exercises 3.4 -- 3.5 Clutches -- Exercises 3.5 -- 3.6 Brakes -- Exercises 3.6 -- 4. Lubrication (D11) -- 4.1 Principles of bearings and their uses -- 4.2 Ball and roller bearings -- 4.3 Properties of lubricating oils -- 5. Statics -- 5.1 Triangle and polygon of forces (E13) -- 5.2 Piston, connecting rod and cylinder wall forces -- 5.3 Torque at the crankshaft -- 5.4 Piston displacement -- 5.5 Wheel balance -- Exercises 5.1 -- 5.6 Principle of moments (E14) -- 5.7 Centre of gravity -- Exercises 5.2 -- 5.8 Reaction of beam supports (E15) -- 5.9 Bending moments and shearing forces -- Exercises 5.3 -- 5.10 Springs and torsion bars (E16) -- Exercises 5.4 -- 5.11 Transmission and steering components (E17) -- Exercises 5.5 -- 6. Electricity (F18) -- 6.1 The secondary cell -- 6.2 Battery developments -- Exercises 6.1 -- 7. Miscellaneous exercises -- 7.1 Materials -- 7.2 Heat -- 7.3 Dynamics -- 7.4 Statics -- Answers to Exercises.
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959583
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Third Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Examples of random variation -- 1.2 One-dimensional frequency distributions -- 1.3 Summarizing quantities -- 1.4 Frequency distributions in two or more dimensions -- 1.5 Some illustrative examples -- 1.6 Populations, samples and probability -- 2 Probability and Probability Distributions -- 2.1 Probability -- 2.2 Addition law of probability -- 2.3 Conditional probability and statistical independence -- 2.4 Examples -- 2.5 Discrete random variables -- 2.6 Continuous random variables -- 2.7 Several random variables -- 3 Expectation and its Applications -- 3.1 Expectation -- 3.2 Variance -- 3.3 Higher moments -- 3.4 Dependence and covariance -- 3.5 Normal models -- 4 Sampling Distributions and Statistical Inference -- 4.1 Statistical inference -- 4.2 Pseudo random deviates -- 4.3 A sampling experiment -- 4.4 Estimation -- 4.5 Significance tests -- 5 Single Sample Problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Point estimates of µ and ?2 -- 5.3 Interval estimates for µ (?2 unknown) -- 5.4 Interval estimates for ?2 -- 5.5 Significance test for a mean -- 5.6 Significance test for a variance -- 5.7 Departures from assumptions -- 6 Two Sample Problems -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The comparison of two independent sample means -- 6.3 The comparison of two independent sample variances -- 6.4 Analysis of paired samples -- 6.5 An example -- 6.6 Departures from assumptions -- 7 Non-parametric Tests -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Normal approximation to the binomial distribution -- 7.3 The sign test -- 7.4 The signed rank (Wilcoxon one sample) test -- 7.5 Two sample rank (Wilcoxon) test -- 7.6 Discussion -- 8 The Analysis of Discrete Data -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Distributions and approximations -- 8.3 Inference about a single Poisson mean -- 8.4 Inference about a single binomial probability -- 8.5 The comparison of two Poisson variates -- 8.6 The comparison of two binomial variates -- 8.7 Comparison of proportions in matched pairs -- 8.8 Examination of Poisson frequency table -- 8.9 Examination of binomial frequency tables -- 8.10 Comparison of observed and expected frequencies -- 8.11 Contingency tables -- 8.12 A tasting experiment -- 9 Statistical Models and Least Squares -- 9.1 General points -- 9.2 An example -- 9.3 Least squares -- 10 Linear Regression -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Least squares estimates -- 10.3 Properties of ? and ? -- 10.4 Predictions from regressions -- 10.5 Comparison of two regression lines -- 10.6 Equally spaced x-values -- 10.7 Use of residuals -- 10.8 Discussion of models -- 11 Multiple Regression -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Theory for two explanatory variables only -- 11.3 Analysis of Example 11.2 -- 11.4 Discussion -- 12 Analysis of Variance -- 12.1 The problem -- 12.2 Theory of one-way analysis of variance -- 12.3 Procedure for analysis -- 12.4 Two-way analysis of variance -- 12.5 Linear contrasts -- 12.6 Randomized blocks -- 12.7 Components of variance -- 12.8 Departures from assumptions -- Miscellaneous Exercises -- Appendix One Notes on calculation and computing 307 -- Appendix Two Statistical tables -- Appendix Three Hints to the solution of selected exercises -- References -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: This book is mainly based on lectures given by Professor D. R. Cox and myself at Birkbeck College over a period of eight to nine years. It began as a. joint venture, but pressure of other work made it necessary for Professor Cox to withdraw early on. I have throughout received much valuable advice and encouragement from Professor Cox, but of course, I am solely responsible for the text, and any errors remaining in it. The book is intended as a first course on statistical methods, and there is a liberal supply of exercises. Although the mathematical level of the book is low, I have tried to explain carefully the logical reasoning behind the use of the methods discussed. Some of the exercises which require more difficult mathematics are marked with an asterisk, and these may be omitted. In this way, I hope that the book will satisfy the needs for a course on statistical methods at a range of mathematical levels. It is essential for the reader to work through the numerical exercises, for only in this way can he grasp the full meaning and usefulness of the statistical techniques, and gain practice in the interpretation of the results. Chapters 7 and 8 discuss methods appropriate for use on ranked or discrete data, and Chapters 9-12 do not depend on these chapters. Chapters 7 and 8 may therefore be omitted, if desired.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction1.1 Examples of random variation -- 1.2 One-dimensional frequency distributions -- 1.3 Summarizing quantities -- 1.4 Frequency distributions in two or more dimensions -- 1.5 Some illustrative examples -- 1.6 Populations, samples and probability -- 2 Probability and Probability Distributions -- 2.1 Probability -- 2.2 Addition law of probability -- 2.3 Conditional probability and statistical independence -- 2.4 Examples -- 2.5 Discrete random variables -- 2.6 Continuous random variables -- 2.7 Several random variables -- 3 Expectation and its Applications -- 3.1 Expectation -- 3.2 Variance -- 3.3 Higher moments -- 3.4 Dependence and covariance -- 3.5 Normal models -- 4 Sampling Distributions and Statistical Inference -- 4.1 Statistical inference -- 4.2 Pseudo random deviates -- 4.3 A sampling experiment -- 4.4 Estimation -- 4.5 Significance tests -- 5 Single Sample Problems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Point estimates of µ and ?2 -- 5.3 Interval estimates for µ (?2 unknown) -- 5.4 Interval estimates for ?2 -- 5.5 Significance test for a mean -- 5.6 Significance test for a variance -- 5.7 Departures from assumptions -- 6 Two Sample Problems -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The comparison of two independent sample means -- 6.3 The comparison of two independent sample variances -- 6.4 Analysis of paired samples -- 6.5 An example -- 6.6 Departures from assumptions -- 7 Non-parametric Tests -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Normal approximation to the binomial distribution -- 7.3 The sign test -- 7.4 The signed rank (Wilcoxon one sample) test -- 7.5 Two sample rank (Wilcoxon) test -- 7.6 Discussion -- 8 The Analysis of Discrete Data -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Distributions and approximations -- 8.3 Inference about a single Poisson mean -- 8.4 Inference about a single binomial probability -- 8.5 The comparison of two Poisson variates -- 8.6 The comparison of two binomial variates -- 8.7 Comparison of proportions in matched pairs -- 8.8 Examination of Poisson frequency table -- 8.9 Examination of binomial frequency tables -- 8.10 Comparison of observed and expected frequencies -- 8.11 Contingency tables -- 8.12 A tasting experiment -- 9 Statistical Models and Least Squares -- 9.1 General points -- 9.2 An example -- 9.3 Least squares -- 10 Linear Regression -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Least squares estimates -- 10.3 Properties of ? and ? -- 10.4 Predictions from regressions -- 10.5 Comparison of two regression lines -- 10.6 Equally spaced x-values -- 10.7 Use of residuals -- 10.8 Discussion of models -- 11 Multiple Regression -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Theory for two explanatory variables only -- 11.3 Analysis of Example 11.2 -- 11.4 Discussion -- 12 Analysis of Variance -- 12.1 The problem -- 12.2 Theory of one-way analysis of variance -- 12.3 Procedure for analysis -- 12.4 Two-way analysis of variance -- 12.5 Linear contrasts -- 12.6 Randomized blocks -- 12.7 Components of variance -- 12.8 Departures from assumptions -- Miscellaneous Exercises -- Appendix One Notes on calculation and computing 307 -- Appendix Two Statistical tables -- Appendix Three Hints to the solution of selected exercises -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 10
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400974555
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 210 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: One. Nature -- I Introduction: The Background -- II Matter -- III Universals: The Forms -- IV Universals: The Qualities -- V The Universe -- Two. Human Nature -- VI Man: Needs and Drives -- VII Man: Perversity -- VIII Mind: Perception -- IX Mind: Conception -- X Morality: The Good -- XI Morality: The Bad -- XII Rhetoric -- XIII Politics -- XIV Art -- XV Religion -- XVI Conclusion: The Foreground.
    Kurzfassung: In the following pages I have endeavored to show the impact on philosophy of tech­ nology and science; more specifically, I have tried to make up for the neglect by the classical philosophers of the historic role of technology and also to suggest what positive effects on philosophy the ahnost daily advances in the physical sciences might have. Above all, I wanted to remind the ontologist of his debt to the artificer: tech­ nology with its recent gigantic achievements has introduced a new ingredient into the world, and so is sure to influence our knowledge of what there is. This book, then, could as well have been called 'Ethnotechnology: An Explanation of Human Behavior by Means of Material Culture', but the picture is a complex one, and there are many more special problems that need to be prominently featured in the discussion. Human culture never goes forward on all fronts at the same time. In our era it is unquestionably not only technology but also the sciences which are making the most rapid progress. Philosophy has not been very successful at keeping up with them. As a consequence there is an 'enormous gulf between scientists and philosophers today, a gulf which is as large as it has ever been. ' (1) I can see that with science moving so rapidly, its current lessons for philosophy might well be outmoded tomorrow.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: One. NatureI Introduction: The Background -- II Matter -- III Universals: The Forms -- IV Universals: The Qualities -- V The Universe -- Two. Human Nature -- VI Man: Needs and Drives -- VII Man: Perversity -- VIII Mind: Perception -- IX Mind: Conception -- X Morality: The Good -- XI Morality: The Bad -- XII Rhetoric -- XIII Politics -- XIV Art -- XV Religion -- XVI Conclusion: The Foreground.
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  • 11
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401180702
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 3. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) -- 4. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) -- 5. Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) -- 6. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud) -- 7. Jute (Corchorus capsularis L. and Corchorus olitorius L.) -- 8. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) -- 9. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) -- 10. Sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine) -- 11. Abaca (Manila hemp) (Musa textilis Née) -- 12. Summary -- References.
    Kurzfassung: It is often possible to identify fragments of plants by studying their microscopical characteristics. The recognition of a single feature very rarely establishes the plant's identity; more often, it is necessary to recognize a unique combination of characteris­ tics. For plant identification, the most valuable characteristics are those least likely to be affected by changes in environment; if the feature is uncommon as well as stable, it is even more useful. Good descriptions of the anatomy of plants are invaluable. For example, The Identifi­ cation of Hardwoods (Brazier and Franklin, 1961), together with its punched card key, is an excellent book which is useful in practice. Characters describing the sc1erenchyma account for only three places in this key. Using only these characters, it would be impossible to identify a timber. Is it possible then, to identify a species given only sc1erenchyma in the form of a commercial fibre? If it is possible, it is not easy. Although, for many purposes, plant fibres are being replaced by man-made fibres, vegetable fibres are still used, particularly in sacking and cordage and in some indus­ trial materials. Articles which must be examined in a forensic science laboratory are not always of recent manufacture and archaeologists and historians are interested in older materials. Therefore, it is still necessary for many workers to identify the plant species from which fibres have been extracted.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Introduction2. Materials and methods -- 3. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) -- 4. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) -- 5. Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) -- 6. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud) -- 7. Jute (Corchorus capsularis L. and Corchorus olitorius L.) -- 8. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) -- 9. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) -- 10. Sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine) -- 11. Abaca (Manila hemp) (Musa textilis Née) -- 12. Summary -- References.
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  • 12
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959385
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction to high performance liquid chromatography1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Nomenclature -- 1.3 Liquid Chromatography Modes -- 1.4 Scope of Techniques -- References -- 2 Chromatographic theory -- 2.1 The Process of Separation -- 2.2 Retention in Liquid Chromatography -- 2.3 Band Broadening-Origins -- 2.4 Band Broadening and the Plate Height Equation -- 2.5 Overall Plate Height Equation -- 2.6 Comparison with Gas Chromatography -- 2.7 Column Efficiency and Particle Diameter -- 2.8 Reduced Plate Height and Reduced Velocity -- 2.9 Extra-Column Band Broadening -- 2.10 Resolution -- 2.11 Resolution and Time for Analysis -- 2.12 Theory of Exclusion Chromatography -- References -- 3 Equipment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mobile Phase (Solvent) Reservoirs and Solvent Degassing -- 3.3 Pumping Systems -- 3.4 Flow Controllers -- 3.5 Solvent Flow Programming Equipment -- 3.6 Pulse Damping -- 3.7 Pressure Measurement -- 3.8 Filters -- 3.9 Sample Introduction Systems -- 3.10 Columns and Column Fittings -- 3.11 Column Thermostats -- 3.12 Liquid Chromatography Detectors -- 3.13 Flow rate Measurement -- 3.14 Fraction Collectors -- 3.15 Data Handling -- 3.16 Microprocessor Controlled HPLC -- References -- 4. Stationary phases in liquid chromatography -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Stationary Phase Types -- 4.3 Coltimn Packing Techniques -- 4.4 Liquid-Solid Chromatography -- 4.5 Liquid-Liquid Chromatography -- 4.6 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 4.7 Exclusion Chromatography -- 4.8 Care of Columns -- References -- 5. Mobile phases in liquid chromatography -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Solvent Qualities -- 5.3 liquid-Solid Chromatography -- 5.4 Liquid-Liquid Chromatography -- 5.5 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 5.6 Exclusion Chromatography -- 5.7 Gradient Elution -- References -- 6. Developing a chromatogram -- 6.1 Nature of the Problem -- 6.2 Choice of Chromatographic Mode -- 6.3 Selection of Stationary Phase and Mobile Phase -- 6.4 Choice of Detector -- 6.5 Chromatographic Separation -- 6.6 The General Elution Problem -- 6.7 Quantitative Analysis -- References -- 7. Preparative high performance liquid chromatography and trace analysis -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Stages in Preparative HPLC -- 7.3 Infinite Diameter Columns -- 7.4 Packing of a Preparative Column -- 7.5 Summary of Preparative HPLC -- 7.6 Trace Analysis -- References -- 8. Applications of high performance liquid chromatography -- 8.1 Pharmaceuticals -- 8.2 Biochemicals -- 8.3 Food Chemicals -- 8.4 Heavy Industrial Chemicals -- 8.5 Inorganic -- 8.6 Miscellaneous -- Compound Index.
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  • 13
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959330
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Measurement1.1 Measurement scales -- 1.2 Physical quantities -- 1.3 Accuracy and errors -- 1.4 Sampling -- 1.5 Further reading -- 2 Mathematics -- 2.1 Basic algebra -- 2.2 Vectors -- 2.3 Functions and graphs -- 2.4 Rate of change, gradients and limits -- 2.5 Differentiation -- 2.6 Maxima and minima: optimization -- 2.7 Partial differentiation -- 2.8 Anti-derivatives and integration -- 2.9 Equations of motion -- 2.10 Differential equations -- 2.11 Further examples of integration in mechanics -- 2.12 Further reading -- 3 Statistics -- 3.1 Describing data -- 3.2 Probability and the normal distribution -- 3.3 Hypothesis testing -- 3.4 Testing differences between means -- 3.5 The analysis of variance -- 3.6 The chi-square test -- 3.7 Correlation -- 3.8 Regression -- 3.9 Non-linear relationships -- 3.10 Multiple regression and correlation -- 3.11 Further statistics -- 3.12 Further reading -- 4 Computing -- 4.1 What are computers? -- 4.2 Using the computer -- 4.3 Data analysis using computers -- 4.4 Non-package computing -- 4.5 Glossary of computer terminology -- 4.6 Further reading -- 5 Laboratory techniques -- 5.1 Tools of the trade -- 5.2 Standard chemical techniques -- 5.3 Laboratory analysis of soils and sediments -- 5.4 Further reading -- 6 Microscopy -- 6.1 Components and operation of microscopes -- 6.2 Biological microscopy -- 6.3 Minerals in polarized light: the petrological microscope -- 6.4 The identification of minerals in thin section -- 6.5 Identification of detrital grains -- 6.6 Further reading -- 7 Remote sensing -- 7.1 Why remote sensing? -- 7.2 The electromagnetic spectrum -- 7.3 Remote sensing techniques -- 7.4 Viewing aerial photographs -- 7.5 Interpretation of aerial photographs -- 7.6 Further reading -- 8 Maps -- 8.1 World maps -- 8.2 Local maps -- 8.3 Map conventions -- 8.4 Measurements from maps -- 8.5 Geological maps -- 8.6 Weather maps -- 8.7 Further reading -- 9 Surveying -- 9.1 Instruments -- 9.2 Location of a point-resection -- 9.3 Location of points-traverses -- 9.4 Height measurement -- 9.5 Construction of a map -- 9.6 Organization and planning of a survey -- 9.7 Further reading -- 10 Social surveys -- 10.1 Types of social survey -- 10.2 Planning the survey -- 10.3 Questionnaire design -- 10.4 The selection of respondents -- 10.5 Carrying out the survey -- 10.6 After the survey -- 10.7 Further reading -- 11 Project evaluation -- 11.1 Cost benefit analysis -- 11.2 An example of cost benefit analysis -- 11.3 Environmental impact assessment -- 11.4 Impact assessment techniques -- 11.5 Further reading.
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  • 14
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959439
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVI, 398 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Materials (A) -- 1.1 Heat treatment -- 1.2 Materials and testing -- 1.3 Metal fatigue -- 1.4 Safety factor -- 1.5 Shear strain -- 1.6 Punching holes in a material -- 1.7 Bending and torsion -- Exercises -- 2. Engine indicator diagrams (B2) -- 2.1 Engine indicators -- 2.2 Converting an indicator diagram -- 2.3 Interpretation of indicator diagrams -- 3. Combustion processes (B3) -- 3.1 Specific heat capacity of a gas -- 3.2 Expansion and compression of gases -- 3.3 Engine temperature and pressure calculations -- 3.4 Efficiency of an engine -- 3.5 General comparison between petrol and compression ignition engines -- 3.6 Octane rating -- 3.7 Cetane number and diesel index -- 3.8 Detonation -- 3.9 Fuel additives -- 3.10 Volumetric efficiency -- Exercises -- 4. Air-fuel ratios and exhaust products (B4) -- 4.1 Air-fuel ratios: petrol engine -- 4.2 Air-fuel ratios: CI oil engine -- 4.3 Determination of air-fuel ratios -- 4.4 Mixture strength and side effects -- 4.5 Air-fuel ratio and power output -- 4.6 Combustion calculations -- 4.7 Consumption loop or hook curve -- Exercises -- 5. Archimedes’ Principle (B5) -- 5.1 Hydrostatics and hydraulics -- 5.2 Archimedes’ principle -- 5.3 Floating bodies -- Exercises -- 6. Fluids and energy (B6) -- 6.1 Pressure -- 6.2 The manometer -- 6.3 Energy of liquids -- 6.4 Bernoulli’s law -- 6.5 Quantity flow -- 6.6 The Venturi unit -- 6.7 Actual flow of liquids through an orifice -- 6.8 Gas velocities -- Exercises -- 7. Hydraulic mechanisms and machines (B7) -- 7.1 Hydraulic machines -- 7.2 Hydraulic intensifier -- 7.3 Hydraulic brakes -- 7.4 The law of a machine -- Exercises -- 8. Variable torque, force and work done (C8) -- 8.1 Variable torque -- 8.2 Work done -- 8.3 Couples -- Exercises -- 9. Angular motion (C9) -- 9.1 Angular velocity and angular acceleration -- 9.2 Power -- Exercises -- 10. Inertia force, mass and acceleration (C10) -- 10.1 Mass -- 10.2 Newton’s first and second laws of motion -- 10.3 Momentum -- 10.4 Braking efficiency and stopping distance -- 10.5 Newton’s third law of motion -- Exercises -- 11. Potential and kinetic energy (C11) -- 11.1 Potential energy -- 11.2 Kinetic energy -- 11.3 Conservation of energy -- 11.4 Conservation of momentum -- 11.5 Energy loss when bodies collide -- 11.6 Moment of inertia -- 11.7 Kinetic energy of a rotating body -- 11.8 Radius of gyration -- Exercises -- 12. Tractive effort and tractive resistance (C12) -- 12.1 Tractive effort -- 12.2 Tractive resistance -- 12.3 Undergeared and overgeared vehicles -- 12.4 Engine characteristics and gear ratios -- 12.5 Constant power and tractive-effort/road-speed curves -- 12.6 Data and methods for setting final drive and gearbox ratios -- Exercises -- 13. Centripetal force and balancing (C13) -- 13.1 Centripetal acceleration -- 13.2 Centripetal and centrifugal force -- 13.3 Balancing of rotating masses -- 13.4 Piston movement and inertia -- 13.5 Engine balance -- Exercises -- 14. Stability of vehicles in curved paths (C14) -- 14.1 Vehicle on curved level road -- 14.2 Vehicle on curved banked track -- 14.3 Vehicle on a reversed banked track -- 14.4 Arched or hump-back bridges -- 14.5 Road dip or depression -- Exercises -- 15. Transference of wheel loading (C15) -- 15.1 Vehicle weight transfer: retardation -- 15.2 Vehicle weight transfer: acceleration -- 15.3 Maximum possible acceleration: level road -- 15.4 Transferred weight: vehicle in curved path -- Exercises -- 16. Simple harmonic motion (C16) -- 16.1 The conical pendulum -- 16.2 The Watt centrifugal governor -- 16.3 The simple pendulum -- Exercises -- 17. Relative velocity (C17) -- 17.1 Definition and diagrams -- 17.2 Angular velocity of a link or lever -- 17.3 Relative velocity of points on a wheel -- Exercises -- Answers to Exercises.
    Kurzfassung: A motor vehicle technician has to attain high technological skills to enable him or her to diagnose faults and service transport vehicles and their components. Science is a branch of study concerned with the systematic investigation of observed facts, and forms an important foundation on which to build sound engineering practice. Such a background will stimulate personal development by increasing confidence and intellectual ability. This is the second of two books which have been planned to cover the TEe U77/413 and 415 Motor Vehicle Science II and III Model programmes of study. Part 2 covers the requirements of Motor Vehicle Science III. The fundamental principles of engineering science have been applied to the motor vehicle in a systematic and progressive manner to enable the reader to follow most of the work on his or her own initiative. Emphasis has again been placed on the provision of many fully worked examples, some having more than one method of solution. These together with a large number of exercise examples enable the student to improve subject knowledge and gain that vital confidence so necessary for examinations. The book is aimed mainly at the student who is attending a recognized college course leading to full Technician qualification. It is designed to become a valid source of information to assist the student both in and out of the classroom environment, but the importance of the college lecturer and his or her individual method of teaching the subject remains of prime importance to the student.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Materials (A)1.1 Heat treatment -- 1.2 Materials and testing -- 1.3 Metal fatigue -- 1.4 Safety factor -- 1.5 Shear strain -- 1.6 Punching holes in a material -- 1.7 Bending and torsion -- Exercises -- 2. Engine indicator diagrams (B2) -- 2.1 Engine indicators -- 2.2 Converting an indicator diagram -- 2.3 Interpretation of indicator diagrams -- 3. Combustion processes (B3) -- 3.1 Specific heat capacity of a gas -- 3.2 Expansion and compression of gases -- 3.3 Engine temperature and pressure calculations -- 3.4 Efficiency of an engine -- 3.5 General comparison between petrol and compression ignition engines -- 3.6 Octane rating -- 3.7 Cetane number and diesel index -- 3.8 Detonation -- 3.9 Fuel additives -- 3.10 Volumetric efficiency -- Exercises -- 4. Air-fuel ratios and exhaust products (B4) -- 4.1 Air-fuel ratios: petrol engine -- 4.2 Air-fuel ratios: CI oil engine -- 4.3 Determination of air-fuel ratios -- 4.4 Mixture strength and side effects -- 4.5 Air-fuel ratio and power output -- 4.6 Combustion calculations -- 4.7 Consumption loop or hook curve -- Exercises -- 5. Archimedes’ Principle (B5) -- 5.1 Hydrostatics and hydraulics -- 5.2 Archimedes’ principle -- 5.3 Floating bodies -- Exercises -- 6. Fluids and energy (B6) -- 6.1 Pressure -- 6.2 The manometer -- 6.3 Energy of liquids -- 6.4 Bernoulli’s law -- 6.5 Quantity flow -- 6.6 The Venturi unit -- 6.7 Actual flow of liquids through an orifice -- 6.8 Gas velocities -- Exercises -- 7. Hydraulic mechanisms and machines (B7) -- 7.1 Hydraulic machines -- 7.2 Hydraulic intensifier -- 7.3 Hydraulic brakes -- 7.4 The law of a machine -- Exercises -- 8. Variable torque, force and work done (C8) -- 8.1 Variable torque -- 8.2 Work done -- 8.3 Couples -- Exercises -- 9. Angular motion (C9) -- 9.1 Angular velocity and angular acceleration -- 9.2 Power -- Exercises -- 10. Inertia force, mass and acceleration (C10) -- 10.1 Mass -- 10.2 Newton’s first and second laws of motion -- 10.3 Momentum -- 10.4 Braking efficiency and stopping distance -- 10.5 Newton’s third law of motion -- Exercises -- 11. Potential and kinetic energy (C11) -- 11.1 Potential energy -- 11.2 Kinetic energy -- 11.3 Conservation of energy -- 11.4 Conservation of momentum -- 11.5 Energy loss when bodies collide -- 11.6 Moment of inertia -- 11.7 Kinetic energy of a rotating body -- 11.8 Radius of gyration -- Exercises -- 12. Tractive effort and tractive resistance (C12) -- 12.1 Tractive effort -- 12.2 Tractive resistance -- 12.3 Undergeared and overgeared vehicles -- 12.4 Engine characteristics and gear ratios -- 12.5 Constant power and tractive-effort/road-speed curves -- 12.6 Data and methods for setting final drive and gearbox ratios -- Exercises -- 13. Centripetal force and balancing (C13) -- 13.1 Centripetal acceleration -- 13.2 Centripetal and centrifugal force -- 13.3 Balancing of rotating masses -- 13.4 Piston movement and inertia -- 13.5 Engine balance -- Exercises -- 14. Stability of vehicles in curved paths (C14) -- 14.1 Vehicle on curved level road -- 14.2 Vehicle on curved banked track -- 14.3 Vehicle on a reversed banked track -- 14.4 Arched or hump-back bridges -- 14.5 Road dip or depression -- Exercises -- 15. Transference of wheel loading (C15) -- 15.1 Vehicle weight transfer: retardation -- 15.2 Vehicle weight transfer: acceleration -- 15.3 Maximum possible acceleration: level road -- 15.4 Transferred weight: vehicle in curved path -- Exercises -- 16. Simple harmonic motion (C16) -- 16.1 The conical pendulum -- 16.2 The Watt centrifugal governor -- 16.3 The simple pendulum -- Exercises -- 17. Relative velocity (C17) -- 17.1 Definition and diagrams -- 17.2 Angular velocity of a link or lever -- 17.3 Relative velocity of points on a wheel -- Exercises -- Answers to Exercises.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789400976368
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (190p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The conceptual bases of plant morphology -- Commentary on Dr. Cusset’s paper -- Principles in plant morphogenesis -- Commentary on Dr. Mohr’s paper: Deterministic and probabilistic approaches to plant development -- A morphogenetic basis for plant morphology -- Mathematical models of plant morphogenesis -- Rules of growth: Some comments on Erickson’s models of plant growth -- Chance and design in the construction of plants -- Commentary on Dr. Tomlinson’s paper.
    Kurzfassung: This volume presents the proceedings of a symposium which I organised for the Developmental Section of the Xlllth International Botanical Congress at Sydney, Australia on August 26, 1981. The paper by Professor T. Sachs, which was received too late for inclusion into the symposium at Sydney, was added to these proceedings because of its direct relevancy and importance. The aim of the symposium was to state in an explicit and comprehensive fashion the most basic axioms and principles of plant morphology and morphogenesis. An awareness of these axioms and principles is of paramount importance since they form. the foundations as well as the goal of structural developmental botany. Both teaching and research are predicated on them. The Introduction by the editor briefly examines the meaning of the concepts "axiom", "principle", and "plant construction". The comprehensive paper by Dr. G. Cusset, a unique historical overview, explicates 37 principles of 5 major conceptual systems and many subsystems. The extensive analysis includes a genealogy of ideas and ways of thinking of major authors ranging from philosophers and naturalists of antiquity to recent investigators of plant form and structure. The bibliography of Dr. Cusset I s paper comprises ca. 700 references. The contribution by Professor H. Mohr focusses on modern principles of morphogenesis and provides a penetrating analysis of scientific explanation in developmental biology. The universal principles (laws) described in this paper apply to all living systems, whereas the more specific principles are limited to plants or only higher plants. Professor T.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The conceptual bases of plant morphologyCommentary on Dr. Cusset’s paper -- Principles in plant morphogenesis -- Commentary on Dr. Mohr’s paper: Deterministic and probabilistic approaches to plant development -- A morphogenetic basis for plant morphology -- Mathematical models of plant morphogenesis -- Rules of growth: Some comments on Erickson’s models of plant growth -- Chance and design in the construction of plants -- Commentary on Dr. Tomlinson’s paper.
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  • 16
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400957268
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Background and outline -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History of research on modern offshore tidal current sedimentation -- 1.3 A depositional surface for late Holocene deposits -- 1.4 Limits and outline of the book -- 2. Tidal currents of the continental shelf -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Tide generating forces and the ocean’s response -- 2.3 Tidal currents in shelf seas -- 2.4 Net sand transport caused by tidal current asymmetries -- 2.5 Flow near the sea floor -- 2.6 Internal tides -- 2.7 Tides past -- 2.8 Main conclusions -- 3. Bedforms -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Relevant flume bedforms -- 3.3 Transverse bedforms of the continental shelf 34 -- 3.4 Longitudinal bedforms of the continental shelf -- 3.5 Relationship between bedforms -- 3.6 Aeolian equivalents -- 3.7 Main conclusions -- 4. Sand transport -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Relation of sand transport rate to tidal current speed -- 4.3 Geographical variation in sand transport rate -- 4.4 Net sand transport by tidal currents -- 4.5 Temporal variations of sand transport rate and direction in a tidal sea -- 4.6 Growth, migration and decay of sand waves in the Southern Bight of the North Sea by total water movements -- 4.7 Local sand transport on modern sand banks -- 4.8 Main conclusions -- 5. Offshore tidal deposits: sand sheet and sand bank facies -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Late Holocene sand and gravel sheet facies -- 5.3 Sand bank facies -- 5.4 Sediment and faunal indicators of shape, depth and exposure of continental shelves -- 5.5 Longer term evolution of the deposits -- 5.6 Sand and gravel deposits of non-tidal marine currents -- 5.7 Main conclusions -- 6. Shelly faunas associated with temperate offshore tidal deposits -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Faunal associations -- 6.3 Bioturbation -- 6.4 Topics and areas excluded -- 6.5 Temperate water regions studied and their geological importance -- 6.6 Faunas in shallow nearshore waters -- 6.7 Faunas of the middle and outer continental shelf -- 6.8 Faunas of a bed-load parting -- 6.9 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Western English Channel -- 6.10 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Bristol Channel -- 6.11 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Southern North Sea -- 6.12 Faunas associated with bedform zones on the Atlantic continental shelf between Brittany and Scotland -- 6.13 Faunas of active sand banks -- 6.14 Faunal evidence for stability of sand waves -- 6.15 Faunas as environmental indicators -- 6.16 Factors determining the faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels -- 6.17 Age of temperate water carbonates -- 6.18 Relative proportions of the major carbonate producers in death assemblages of continental shelf carbonates -- 6.18.1 Faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels in the strong current areas, Western English Channel and Celtic Sea -- 6.18.2 Faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels on the continental shelf west of Scotland -- 6.19 Temporal changes in the faunal composition of shell gravels -- 6.20 Long term evolution of temperate shelf carbonates -- 6.21 Applications to the fossil record -- 6.22 Main conclusions -- 7. Ancient offshore tidal deposits -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Recognition of ancient offshore tidal current activity -- 7.3 Structures preserved in ancient offshore tidal current deposits -- 7.4 Tidal currents aided by storm processes -- 7.5 Factors controlling the structure and composition of offshore tidal sediments through geological time -- 7.6 Some possible palaeotidal regimes -- 7.7 Sedimentology of a tidal sea: the Lower Greensand of southern England -- 7.8 Tidal currents through geological time: implications for future studies -- 7.9 Main conclusions -- REFERENCES.
    Kurzfassung: In the early 1970s a start was made on a broad review of what was known or could be surmised about sedimentation by strong tidal currents on modern continental shelves. This task was initiated because of the need to define the next phase of research in this field by the Marine Geology Group of the Institute of Oceano­ graphic Sciences. Related indications of the longer term evolution of the deposits were sought by close reference to the nature of modern tidal currents and the supposedly offshore tidal deposits of ancient seas. As the review grew in completeness it became of increasing relevance to a wider audience so it was amalgamated with the new results and shaped as a book. The fruits of the long-continued discussions within and outside the Geology Group have served to improve understanding of the processes and products of offshore tidal current sedimentation. On the other hand, the discussions have blurred the parts played by the people concerned. This applies to all chapters in varying degrees, but is especially true for Chapters 3, 4 and 5. The authorship attributed to each chapter therefore seeks to reflect those who were most con­ cerned with it.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Background and outline1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History of research on modern offshore tidal current sedimentation -- 1.3 A depositional surface for late Holocene deposits -- 1.4 Limits and outline of the book -- 2. Tidal currents of the continental shelf -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Tide generating forces and the ocean’s response -- 2.3 Tidal currents in shelf seas -- 2.4 Net sand transport caused by tidal current asymmetries -- 2.5 Flow near the sea floor -- 2.6 Internal tides -- 2.7 Tides past -- 2.8 Main conclusions -- 3. Bedforms -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Relevant flume bedforms -- 3.3 Transverse bedforms of the continental shelf 34 -- 3.4 Longitudinal bedforms of the continental shelf -- 3.5 Relationship between bedforms -- 3.6 Aeolian equivalents -- 3.7 Main conclusions -- 4. Sand transport -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Relation of sand transport rate to tidal current speed -- 4.3 Geographical variation in sand transport rate -- 4.4 Net sand transport by tidal currents -- 4.5 Temporal variations of sand transport rate and direction in a tidal sea -- 4.6 Growth, migration and decay of sand waves in the Southern Bight of the North Sea by total water movements -- 4.7 Local sand transport on modern sand banks -- 4.8 Main conclusions -- 5. Offshore tidal deposits: sand sheet and sand bank facies -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Late Holocene sand and gravel sheet facies -- 5.3 Sand bank facies -- 5.4 Sediment and faunal indicators of shape, depth and exposure of continental shelves -- 5.5 Longer term evolution of the deposits -- 5.6 Sand and gravel deposits of non-tidal marine currents -- 5.7 Main conclusions -- 6. Shelly faunas associated with temperate offshore tidal deposits -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Faunal associations -- 6.3 Bioturbation -- 6.4 Topics and areas excluded -- 6.5 Temperate water regions studied and their geological importance -- 6.6 Faunas in shallow nearshore waters -- 6.7 Faunas of the middle and outer continental shelf -- 6.8 Faunas of a bed-load parting -- 6.9 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Western English Channel -- 6.10 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Bristol Channel -- 6.11 Faunas associated with bedform zones in the Southern North Sea -- 6.12 Faunas associated with bedform zones on the Atlantic continental shelf between Brittany and Scotland -- 6.13 Faunas of active sand banks -- 6.14 Faunal evidence for stability of sand waves -- 6.15 Faunas as environmental indicators -- 6.16 Factors determining the faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels -- 6.17 Age of temperate water carbonates -- 6.18 Relative proportions of the major carbonate producers in death assemblages of continental shelf carbonates -- 6.18.1 Faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels in the strong current areas, Western English Channel and Celtic Sea -- 6.18.2 Faunal composition of death assemblages in shell gravels on the continental shelf west of Scotland -- 6.19 Temporal changes in the faunal composition of shell gravels -- 6.20 Long term evolution of temperate shelf carbonates -- 6.21 Applications to the fossil record -- 6.22 Main conclusions -- 7. Ancient offshore tidal deposits -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Recognition of ancient offshore tidal current activity -- 7.3 Structures preserved in ancient offshore tidal current deposits -- 7.4 Tidal currents aided by storm processes -- 7.5 Factors controlling the structure and composition of offshore tidal sediments through geological time -- 7.6 Some possible palaeotidal regimes -- 7.7 Sedimentology of a tidal sea: the Lower Greensand of southern England -- 7.8 Tidal currents through geological time: implications for future studies -- 7.9 Main conclusions -- REFERENCES.
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  • 17
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400957787
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- References to Preface and Chapter 1 -- I: Methods -- 2 Extraction of Organic Acids from Physiological Fluids -- 3 Derivatives of Organic Acids -- 4 Separation, Quantification and Identification -- 5 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- 6 Volatile Carboxylic Acids -- References to Part I -- II: Organic Acids in Physiological Fluids from Normal Subjects -- 7 Organic Acids in Blood and Urine from Normal Healthy Adults and Children -- 8 Organic Acids in Physiological Fluids Other than Urine and Blood -- References to Part II -- III: Organic Acids in Human Metabolic Diseases (The Organic Acidurias) -- 9 Organic Acids in the Study of Metabolic Diseases -- 10 Disorders of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism -- 11 Disorders of Propionate and Methylmalonate Metabolism -- 12 Specific Causes of Congenital Keto Acidosis in Infants -- 13 Disorders of l-Lysine Metabolism -- 14 The Dicarboxylic Acidurias -- 15 Congenital Lactic Acidurias and Disorders of Pyruvate Metabolism -- 16 Organic Acidurias due to Disorders in Other Metabolic Pathways -- Appendix of Mass-Spectrometric and Gas-Chromatographic Data.
    Kurzfassung: The writing of this book was prompted by the need for a comprehensive of current data on organic acids suitable for both newcomers and collection established researchers in this field. The only previous text of the kind was the excellent review by Nordmann and Nordmann (1961), and at that time the main method of analysis was paper chromatography with liquid chromatography being used in a limited way. Only three diseases in which organic acids accumulate were known (primary hyperoxaluria, phenylketonuria and alcaptonuria). Since then, with the development of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the further development ofliquid chromatography, knowledge concerning the nature of the organic acids in physiological fluids has been greatly extended. At the same time, the number of organic acidurias has increased dramatically, there being now some 40-50 known diseases of this type. During the past 15 years or so, there have been several reviews, dealing with either specific diseases or groups of diseases (Gompertz, 1972, 1974; Tanaka, 1975), or presenting the proceedings of symposia (Stern and Toothill, 1972) or workshops (Marner et al. , 1974). This present text deals comprehensively and in detail with the organic acids in human physiological fluids in health and in disease states, and is particularly concerned with the methods necessary for their separation, determination and indentification.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 IntroductionReferences to Preface and Chapter 1 -- I: Methods -- 2 Extraction of Organic Acids from Physiological Fluids -- 3 Derivatives of Organic Acids -- 4 Separation, Quantification and Identification -- 5 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- 6 Volatile Carboxylic Acids -- References to Part I -- II: Organic Acids in Physiological Fluids from Normal Subjects -- 7 Organic Acids in Blood and Urine from Normal Healthy Adults and Children -- 8 Organic Acids in Physiological Fluids Other than Urine and Blood -- References to Part II -- III: Organic Acids in Human Metabolic Diseases (The Organic Acidurias) -- 9 Organic Acids in the Study of Metabolic Diseases -- 10 Disorders of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism -- 11 Disorders of Propionate and Methylmalonate Metabolism -- 12 Specific Causes of Congenital Keto Acidosis in Infants -- 13 Disorders of l-Lysine Metabolism -- 14 The Dicarboxylic Acidurias -- 15 Congenital Lactic Acidurias and Disorders of Pyruvate Metabolism -- 16 Organic Acidurias due to Disorders in Other Metabolic Pathways -- Appendix of Mass-Spectrometric and Gas-Chromatographic Data.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789401744430
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 446 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Conflict of laws. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Private international law.
    Kurzfassung: Last year I addressed the Netherlands Comparative Law Asso­ ciation with the following question: 'Does Comparative Law Exist At All?' (My intention then was to flog the dead (?) horse of the merger of comparative law and the sociology of law. ) In presenting this voluminous collection of Netherlands national reports to the eleventh congress of the Internatio­ nal Academy of Comparative Law I feel my misgivings giving way to the suspicion, that comparative law indeed exists. Of course national reports do not, as such, prove the exist­ ence of comparative law. It is the general reports together with the national reports, which embody the comparative effort. That is why the Netherlands Comparative Law Associa­ tion took the initiative to propose the publishing of the materials on a subject to subject basis instead of publish­ ing collections of national reports. From a comparative legal point of view, it is the topic that should form the basis of the publication, and not the origin of the materials. The general reporter for each topic should be prepared to take up the responsabilities of editing the volume, and would have to be given the right to select those national reports which he considers to be useful both in regard to their quality and the relevance of the material to the basic problems in the questionnaire. This proposal met with very favourable comments from the na­ tional committees and general reporters of some fifteen coun­ tries.
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  • 19
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400958913
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Quantitative Approaches in Bryophyte Ecology2 Life-forms of Bryophytes -- 3 Tropical Forest Bryophytes -- 4 Desert Bryophytes -- 5 Bryophyte Vegetation in Polar Regions -- 6 Alpine Communities -- 7 Epiphytes and Epiliths -- 8 The Ecology of Sphagnum -- 9 Bryophytes and Invertebrates -- 10 Physiological Ecology: Water Relations, Light and Temperature Responses, Carbon Balance -- 11 Mineral Nutrition -- 12 Responses of Bryophytes to Air Pollution -- 13 Quaternary Bryophyte Palaeo-ecology -- Author Index.
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  • 20
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400958869
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Multiple Forms of Enzymes and the Emergence of the Isoenzyme Concept -- 2. Origins and Structures of Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Origins of isoenzymes -- Structural differences between isoenzymes and their investigation -- Non-isoenzymic multiple forms of enzymes -- 3. Differences in Properties between Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Catalytic differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Physicochemical differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Immunochemical differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Properties of multiple forms of enzymes: general considerations -- 4. Distribution and Biological Functions of Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Distribution of enzymes determined by multiple gene loci -- Physiological function of multiple forms of enzymes -- 5. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Phylogeny and Genetics -- Gene duplication and the evolution of multiple loci -- Genetics of isoenzymes -- 6. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Ontogeny -- Changes during normal development -- Changes associated with abnormal development -- 7. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Diagnostic Enzymology -- Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes -- Creatine kinase isoenzymes -- Multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase -- Acid phosphatase isoenzymes -- Other isoenzymes -- References.
    Kurzfassung: The increased interest in multiple forms of enzymes that began with the application of new methods of fractionation to preparations of enzymes and other proteins some 25 years ago led quickly to an appreciation that the existence of enzymes in multiple forms, or isoenzymes, is a general phenomenon. The results of pioneering studies and those which followed in the early years of isoenzyme research consisted, not surprisingly, mainly of descriptions of the existence and characteristics of hetero­ geneity in various enzyme systems. Summaries of these results were provided in books such as J . H. Wilkinson's I soenzymes, the first edition of which appeared in 1965. Some clearer ideas of the nature of the phenomena had become apparent by the time that the second edition of Isoenzymes was called for in 1970, and a limited use of the word isoenzymes itself, to describe only certain of the various categories of enzyme multiplicity then recognized, was already being proposed. Nevertheless, a largely enzyme-by-enzyme oTganization of the contents of the book was still appropriate. Considerable advances, both experimental and conceptual, were made in isoenzyme research in the 1970s, and in 1977 Professor Wilkinson suggested to the present author that these should be taken into account in a joint revision of Isoenzymes. Professor Wilkinson's untimely death put. an end to this project and the present book is therefore the work of a single author.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Multiple Forms of Enzymes and the Emergence of the Isoenzyme Concept2. Origins and Structures of Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Origins of isoenzymes -- Structural differences between isoenzymes and their investigation -- Non-isoenzymic multiple forms of enzymes -- 3. Differences in Properties between Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Catalytic differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Physicochemical differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Immunochemical differences between multiple forms of enzymes -- Properties of multiple forms of enzymes: general considerations -- 4. Distribution and Biological Functions of Multiple Forms of Enzymes -- Distribution of enzymes determined by multiple gene loci -- Physiological function of multiple forms of enzymes -- 5. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Phylogeny and Genetics -- Gene duplication and the evolution of multiple loci -- Genetics of isoenzymes -- 6. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Ontogeny -- Changes during normal development -- Changes associated with abnormal development -- 7. Multiple Forms of Enzymes in Diagnostic Enzymology -- Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes -- Creatine kinase isoenzymes -- Multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase -- Acid phosphatase isoenzymes -- Other isoenzymes -- References.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789401164627
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Criminal Law
    Kurzfassung: — Prologue -- One — Summary Notes on the Criminal Law of Canada -- One — Introduction -- Two — Canadian Common Law -- Three — Dutch Civil Law -- Four — Legislative Powers in Canada -- Five — The Judiciary -- Six — Sources of Canadian Criminal Law -- Seven — Basic Notions -- Eight — The Qualifying Factors -- Nine — The Disqualifying Factors Grounds for Impunity -- Ten — Negligence -- Eleven — Causality -- Twelve — Reasonable Attribution of Liability -- Thirteen — Criminal Liability -- Two — On Reasonaple Liability -- One — Strict Liability -- Two — Strict Liability in Dutch Criminal Law -- Three — Some Fictions in Common Law -- Four — Strict Responsibility and Penal Offences -- Five — An Aside with Respect to Evidence -- Six — The Res Ipsa Argument -- Seven — Justification of Punishment for Negligence -- Eight — The Case in Favor and Against Strict Responsibility -- Nine — Separating the Strict from the Absolute -- Ten — The Halfway House Doctrine -- Eleven — Due Diligence Before the Courts -- Twelve — In Defence of Due Diligence -- Thirteen — The AVAS Defence -- Fourteen — The Defence of Due Diligence in Canadian Criminal Law -- - Epilogue -- - Samenvatting -- - Footnotes -- Table of Cases -- Common Law Cases -- Dutch Case Law -- Curriculum Vitae.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: - PrologueOne - Summary Notes on the Criminal Law of Canada -- One - Introduction -- Two - Canadian Common Law -- Three - Dutch Civil Law -- Four - Legislative Powers in Canada -- Five - The Judiciary -- Six - Sources of Canadian Criminal Law -- Seven - Basic Notions -- Eight - The Qualifying Factors -- Nine - The Disqualifying Factors Grounds for Impunity -- Ten - Negligence -- Eleven - Causality -- Twelve - Reasonable Attribution of Liability -- Thirteen - Criminal Liability -- Two - On Reasonaple Liability -- One - Strict Liability -- Two - Strict Liability in Dutch Criminal Law -- Three - Some Fictions in Common Law -- Four - Strict Responsibility and Penal Offences -- Five - An Aside with Respect to Evidence -- Six - The Res Ipsa Argument -- Seven - Justification of Punishment for Negligence -- Eight - The Case in Favor and Against Strict Responsibility -- Nine - Separating the Strict from the Absolute -- Ten - The Halfway House Doctrine -- Eleven - Due Diligence Before the Courts -- Twelve - In Defence of Due Diligence -- Thirteen - The AVAS Defence -- Fourteen - The Defence of Due Diligence in Canadian Criminal Law -- - Epilogue -- - Samenvatting -- - Footnotes -- Table of Cases -- Common Law Cases -- Dutch Case Law -- Curriculum Vitae.
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  • 22
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    ISBN: 9789401174572
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Kurzfassung: 1 Pleasure-seeking and the aetiology of dependence -- 2 Legislation on drug control and drug abuse -- 3 British experience in the management of opiate dependence -- 4 The antagonist analgesic concept -- 5 Cannabis and dependency -- 6 Alcohol dependence: the ‘lack of control’ over alcohol and its implications -- 7 Dependence and psychoactive drugs -- 8 The nature and treatment of cigarette dependence -- 9 Compulsive overeating.
    Kurzfassung: ... there is scarcely any agent which can be taken into the body to which some individuals will not get a reaction satisfactory or pleasurable to them, persuading them to continue its use even to the point of abuse ... Eddy (1965) Dependence is one of the major problems of our modern society both in industrialized and developing nations. There is, however, nothing new in man's dependence on drugs. For many centuries past, there can be few people throughout the world who do not 'overuse', 'misuse' or 'abuse' some drugs. For many the drugs that are 'overused' are caffeine [from tea or coffee), nicotine [from tobacco) or alcohol [from beer, wine or spirits), all socially accepted normal ingredients of everyday life in most communities. For a prescribed medical smaller group 'misuse' concerns commonly substances, such as barbiturates, amphetamines. For an even smaller group there is the less socially acceptable 'abuse' of specific drugs such as morphine and related analgesics, cannabis, or hallucinogens.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Pleasure-seeking and the aetiology of dependence2 Legislation on drug control and drug abuse -- 3 British experience in the management of opiate dependence -- 4 The antagonist analgesic concept -- 5 Cannabis and dependency -- 6 Alcohol dependence: the ‘lack of control’ over alcohol and its implications -- 7 Dependence and psychoactive drugs -- 8 The nature and treatment of cigarette dependence -- 9 Compulsive overeating.
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  • 23
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401766579
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XX, 316 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition with an Introduction by P.E. de Josselin de Jong
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
    Serie: Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Regional planning ; Religion (General) ; Religion. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789401768047
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 191 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Social legislation ; International law.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789401197281
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Dosage Design — Past, Present and Future -- 2. Radiopharmaceutical Targeting in Nuclear Medicine -- 3. Data Handling and Computation in Radionuclide Studies -- 4. Choice of Radionuclides for Scintigraphy -- 5. Formulation of Radiopharmaceuticals -- 6. Quality Control of Radiopharmaceuticals -- 7. Radiopharmaceutical Distribution Studies in the Rat -- 8. Studies of Radiolabelled Preparations in the Rabbit -- 9. The Utilisation of Short-Lived Radionuclides in the Assessment of Formulation and In Vivo Disposition of Drugs -- 10. Gastrointestinal Transit of Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide Labelled Preparations -- 11. Use of Multiple Pinhole External Scintigraphy to Monitor Tablet Disintegration in Vivo -- 12. Spreading Characteristics of Proprietary Rectal Steroid Preparations -- 13. In Vivo Radioimmunodetection of Cancer -- 14. Therapeutic Aerosol Deposition -- 15. The Evaluation of Parenterally Administered Emulsion Formulations -- 16. In Vivo Distributions of 99mTc-Labelled Liposomes -- 17. Factors Influencing the Clearance Rates of Colloidal Particles from the Rabbit Knee Joint -- 18. The Distribution of Radiolabelled Drug in Animals Infected with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Comparison of Free and Liposome-Bound Sodium Stibogluconate -- 19. Poster Abstracts -- 19.1 (1-11C)-Acetate — An Agent for the Tomographic Study of Myocardial Metabolism -- 19.2 Bone Scanning in Breast Cancer: Identification of the High-Risk Patient to Increase Positive Yield -- 19.3 Analysis of Gastric Emptying: a Standardised Technique -- 19.4 Intestinal Transit Time of 51Cr-Labelled Pellets of Different Densities -- 19.5 Deposition of Cobalt-57 in the Rat -- 19.6 Studies on the Systemic Bioavailability of Buprenorphine by Various Routes of Administration -- 19.7 The Clearance of Liposomes Administered by the Intramuscular Route -- 19.8 The Clearance of Polystyrene Microspheres from an Intramuscular Injection Site -- 19.9 The Clearance of Albumin Microspheres from an Intramuscular Injection Site -- 19.10 Gastric Emptying of Oils in the Rat -- 19.11 Evaluation of an Oral Sustained-Release Preparation by Gamma Scintigraphy -- 19.12 Spreading of Suppository Bases Assessed with Histological and Scintigraphic Techniques -- 19.13 Studies on Microencapsulation using Radionuclides.
    Kurzfassung: The use of gamma-emitting radionuclides for diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine has been established for many years. Sophisticated gamma ray detecting camera systems and computer links enable the clinical investigator to image different regions of the body and to quantify organ function. Parallel developments have also occurred in the field of radiopharmaceuticals, and today a wide range of products is available that will exhibit specific uptake within target tissues following parenteral administration. For example, radioiodide is taken up by the thyroid and iodinated fatty acids can be used to image the myocardium. Labelled antibodies have been used with success to target certain tumours. The concept of targeting has also been considered by pharmaceutical scientists who wish to deliver drugs rather than radionuclides to specific sites in the body. The systems that have been employed are often physically similar to those used as radiopharmaceuticals (for example colloids, aerosols and liposomes). Furthermore, pioneering work by Digenis and others in the United States States and by Alpsten and co-workers (1976)in Sweden had demonstrated the potential of gamma scintigraphy for investigating the fate of tablets and capsules in the gastrointestinal tract of man in a non­ invasive way. In 1979, the Biopharmaceutics Research Group at Nottingham together with academic pharmacists from Manchester held a one-day syffiposium at Nottingham University to discuss how radio­ nuclides could be used in drug formulation studies to provide better approaches for the delivery of drugs to their sitesof action.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Dosage Design - Past, Present and Future2. Radiopharmaceutical Targeting in Nuclear Medicine -- 3. Data Handling and Computation in Radionuclide Studies -- 4. Choice of Radionuclides for Scintigraphy -- 5. Formulation of Radiopharmaceuticals -- 6. Quality Control of Radiopharmaceuticals -- 7. Radiopharmaceutical Distribution Studies in the Rat -- 8. Studies of Radiolabelled Preparations in the Rabbit -- 9. The Utilisation of Short-Lived Radionuclides in the Assessment of Formulation and In Vivo Disposition of Drugs -- 10. Gastrointestinal Transit of Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide Labelled Preparations -- 11. Use of Multiple Pinhole External Scintigraphy to Monitor Tablet Disintegration in Vivo -- 12. Spreading Characteristics of Proprietary Rectal Steroid Preparations -- 13. In Vivo Radioimmunodetection of Cancer -- 14. Therapeutic Aerosol Deposition -- 15. The Evaluation of Parenterally Administered Emulsion Formulations -- 16. In Vivo Distributions of 99mTc-Labelled Liposomes -- 17. Factors Influencing the Clearance Rates of Colloidal Particles from the Rabbit Knee Joint -- 18. The Distribution of Radiolabelled Drug in Animals Infected with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Comparison of Free and Liposome-Bound Sodium Stibogluconate -- 19. Poster Abstracts -- 19.1 (1-11C)-Acetate - An Agent for the Tomographic Study of Myocardial Metabolism -- 19.2 Bone Scanning in Breast Cancer: Identification of the High-Risk Patient to Increase Positive Yield -- 19.3 Analysis of Gastric Emptying: a Standardised Technique -- 19.4 Intestinal Transit Time of 51Cr-Labelled Pellets of Different Densities -- 19.5 Deposition of Cobalt-57 in the Rat -- 19.6 Studies on the Systemic Bioavailability of Buprenorphine by Various Routes of Administration -- 19.7 The Clearance of Liposomes Administered by the Intramuscular Route -- 19.8 The Clearance of Polystyrene Microspheres from an Intramuscular Injection Site -- 19.9 The Clearance of Albumin Microspheres from an Intramuscular Injection Site -- 19.10 Gastric Emptying of Oils in the Rat -- 19.11 Evaluation of an Oral Sustained-Release Preparation by Gamma Scintigraphy -- 19.12 Spreading of Suppository Bases Assessed with Histological and Scintigraphic Techniques -- 19.13 Studies on Microencapsulation using Radionuclides.
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  • 26
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401511643
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. The Biology of Mycoplasmas -- 2. Plant and Arthropod Mycoplasmas: A Historical Perspective -- 3. The ‘Yellows’ Plant Diseases: Plant Hosts and their Interaction with the Pathogens -- 4. Light and Electron Microscopy -- 5. Chemical Treatment for Control of Plant Mycoplasma Diseases -- 6. Media and Methods for Culture of Spiroplasmas -- 7. Culture of Other Microorganisms from Yellows- diseased Plants -- 8. Serological Characterisation of Spiroplasmas and Other Mycoplasmas -- 9. Physicochemical Characterisation of Plant and Insect Mycoplasmas -- 10. Insect Vectors -- 11. Miscellaneous Methods -- Notes on Contributors.
    Kurzfassung: Only 14 years have passed since the first publication appeared which implicated mycoplasmas as agents of plant disease. The diseases them­ selves have been known for much longer; indeed clover phyllody, a typical example, was described in the seventeenth century, well before any animal mycoplasma diseases had been documented. The early history of plant mycoplasmas is described in Chapter 2 and one obvious conclusion to be drawn from the frustrating experiences of the earlier workers is that the experimental methods at their disposal were simply inadequate for the task. Progress in science depends critically upon the development of new methods. Although important advances have been made in plant and insect mycoplasmology, notably in the discovery of spiroplasmas, many intractable problems remain. Most plant myco­ plasmas cannot yet be cultured in vitro, and their natural plant habitat, the phloem, is one of the most difficult plant tissues for the experi­ menter to handle, placing severe restrictions on the type of experiments which can be performed in vivo. It is clear that radically new methods may be required to solve these problems. A survey of the progress which has been made shows that application of techniques from a wide range of disciplines has been necessary. A successful individual or group of workers must possess the skills of a plant pathologist, a plantsman, a plant physiologist, a light-and electron microscopist, a bacteriologist, a biochemist, an immunologist, an ento­ mologist, a virologist and a molecular geneticist.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. The Biology of Mycoplasmas2. Plant and Arthropod Mycoplasmas: A Historical Perspective -- 3. The ‘Yellows’ Plant Diseases: Plant Hosts and their Interaction with the Pathogens -- 4. Light and Electron Microscopy -- 5. Chemical Treatment for Control of Plant Mycoplasma Diseases -- 6. Media and Methods for Culture of Spiroplasmas -- 7. Culture of Other Microorganisms from Yellows- diseased Plants -- 8. Serological Characterisation of Spiroplasmas and Other Mycoplasmas -- 9. Physicochemical Characterisation of Plant and Insect Mycoplasmas -- 10. Insect Vectors -- 11. Miscellaneous Methods -- Notes on Contributors.
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  • 27
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959187
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Glass Formation -- 1.1 General Aspects -- 1.2 Glass Formers -- 1.3 Atomistic Hypotheses of Glass Formation -- 1.4 Kinetic Approach to Glass Formation -- 2 Phase Transformations in Glass -- 2.1 Crystallization -- 2.2 Liquid -Liquid Phase Separation -- 2.3 Glass-Ceramics -- 3 Physical Properties -- 3.1 Density of Glasses -- 3.2 Partial Molar Volume of Constituent Oxides in Glasses and Melts -- 3.3 Refractive Index of Glasses -- 3.4 Thermal Expansion of Glasses -- 3.5 Viscosity of Glasses -- 3.6 Surface Tension of Glasses -- 3.7 Electrical Properties of Glasses -- 4 Chemical Durability of Glass -- 4.1 Mechanism of Reactions of Glasses with Aqueous Solution -- 4.2 Factors Affecting Chemical Durability Measurements of a Glass -- 4.3 Effect of Glass Composition -- 4.4 Effect of pH of the Solution on Chemical Durability of SiO2 (quartz) -- 4.5 Solubility of Silica in Aqueous Solutions -- 4.6 Glass Electrodes -- 5 Oxidation-Reduction Equilibrium in Glass -- 5.1 General -- 5.2 Activity Corrections -- 5.3 Oxidation -Reduction in Glass -- 5.4 Theory of Redox Reactions in Solutions -- 6 Acid-Base Concepts in Glass -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Acid-Base Relationships in Glasses -- 6.3 Oxygen Ion Activity -- 6.4 Transition Metal Ions as Acid-Base Indicators in Glass -- 6.5 Oxidation-Reduction Equilibrium in Glass -- 6.6 Filled Shell Ions with ns2 Configuration as an Acid-Base Indicator in Glass -- 6.7 Vanadylion as an Acid-Base Indicator in Glass -- 7 Coloured Glasses -- 7.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Classification of Transition Metals -- 7.2 Theories of Chemical Bonding in Transition Metal Complexes -- 7.3 Application of Bonding Theories in Interpreting d-d Absorption Spectra -- 7.4 Absorption Spectra of Transition Metal Ions -- 7.5 Charge-Transfer Bands -- 7.6 Anionic Substitution in Glass -- 7.7 Photosensitive Glasses -- 7.8 Copper Ruby Glasses -- 7.9 Measurement of Colour, Colour Diagram and Tristimulus Values -- 8 Polymetric Nature of Glass Melts.
    Kurzfassung: 'The preface ... either serves for the explanation of the purpose of the book, or for justification and as an answer to critics'. Lermontov This book is based mainly on the lectures on the Chemistry of Glasses which I gave at the University of Sheffield to the final year honours and postgraduate students of Glass Technology and Materials Science. Most books reflect the interests and enthusiasm of their authors, and the present one is no exception. The chemistry of glass is a rapidly developing field because the frontiers of advanced chemistry and advanced physics are merging together and con­ sequently this book will soon require considerable amplification and modification. However, my experience in teaching the chemistry of glasses for more than a decade has shown me that there is much need for a good text-book on the subject. This book is therefore intended to be a stop-gap which, until it receives that new revision. may serve as a useful reference work for students and research workers alike. I gratefully acknowledge the influence on my thinking of many of those colleagues at Sheffield with whom I have been in contact during the past twenty years or so. In addition to these personal influences, other published works have had considerable influence in modifying my approach. especially Cotton and Wilkinson's Advanced inorganic Chemistry. Dr Peter James helped me in writing Chapter 2, and Professor Peter McMillan not only read the whole manuscript but also made a number of most helpful suggestions.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Glass Formation1.1 General Aspects -- 1.2 Glass Formers -- 1.3 Atomistic Hypotheses of Glass Formation -- 1.4 Kinetic Approach to Glass Formation -- 2 Phase Transformations in Glass -- 2.1 Crystallization -- 2.2 Liquid -Liquid Phase Separation -- 2.3 Glass-Ceramics -- 3 Physical Properties -- 3.1 Density of Glasses -- 3.2 Partial Molar Volume of Constituent Oxides in Glasses and Melts -- 3.3 Refractive Index of Glasses -- 3.4 Thermal Expansion of Glasses -- 3.5 Viscosity of Glasses -- 3.6 Surface Tension of Glasses -- 3.7 Electrical Properties of Glasses -- 4 Chemical Durability of Glass -- 4.1 Mechanism of Reactions of Glasses with Aqueous Solution -- 4.2 Factors Affecting Chemical Durability Measurements of a Glass -- 4.3 Effect of Glass Composition -- 4.4 Effect of pH of the Solution on Chemical Durability of SiO2 (quartz) -- 4.5 Solubility of Silica in Aqueous Solutions -- 4.6 Glass Electrodes -- 5 Oxidation-Reduction Equilibrium in Glass -- 5.1 General -- 5.2 Activity Corrections -- 5.3 Oxidation -Reduction in Glass -- 5.4 Theory of Redox Reactions in Solutions -- 6 Acid-Base Concepts in Glass -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Acid-Base Relationships in Glasses -- 6.3 Oxygen Ion Activity -- 6.4 Transition Metal Ions as Acid-Base Indicators in Glass -- 6.5 Oxidation-Reduction Equilibrium in Glass -- 6.6 Filled Shell Ions with ns2 Configuration as an Acid-Base Indicator in Glass -- 6.7 Vanadylion as an Acid-Base Indicator in Glass -- 7 Coloured Glasses -- 7.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Classification of Transition Metals -- 7.2 Theories of Chemical Bonding in Transition Metal Complexes -- 7.3 Application of Bonding Theories in Interpreting d-d Absorption Spectra -- 7.4 Absorption Spectra of Transition Metal Ions -- 7.5 Charge-Transfer Bands -- 7.6 Anionic Substitution in Glass -- 7.7 Photosensitive Glasses -- 7.8 Copper Ruby Glasses -- 7.9 Measurement of Colour, Colour Diagram and Tristimulus Values -- 8 Polymetric Nature of Glass Melts.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789400969346
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: Changes in the socio-economic status of the Belgian nobility in the nineteenth century -- Industrialization and economic growth in the Netherlands during the nineteenth century: an integration of recent studies -- A ‘New’ and an ‘Old Trend’. Military thinking in the Netherlands and the Dutch East around the turn of the century -- Van Karnebeek’s break with tradition -- A cheque drawn on a failing bank: the address delivered by Queen Wilhelmina on 6th/7th December 1942 -- The Great Strike of 1960–61: its economic and socio-political background -- Survey of recent historical works on Belgium and the Netherlands published in Dutch -- Authors and Translators.
    Kurzfassung: The present volume, number 15 of the Acta Historiae Neerlandicae - which have been appearing since 1978 under the title The Low Countries History Yearbook - is the last of the series. Economic reasons force the publishers to discontinue it. This is a matter for regret. Both the editors of the Yearbook and the board of the Nederlands Historisch Genootschap, under the auspices of which it has been published, are con­ vinced that the books serve a useful purpose. We hope that in the future more favour­ able circumstances will enable Dutch and Flemish historians to start a second series. We feel, however, that the Yearbook should not be allowed to disappear com­ pletely. In our opinion, one of its most attractive features has been the 'Survey of recent historical works on Belgium and the Netherlands published in Dutch.' It is the intention of the Nederlands Historisch Genootschal'. to seek means to continue this in another form, probably in that of pamphlets appearing every two years and written by the same, or a similar, group of experts. In that way we may be able to provide a useful service to our colleagues abroad.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Changes in the socio-economic status of the Belgian nobility in the nineteenth centuryIndustrialization and economic growth in the Netherlands during the nineteenth century: an integration of recent studies -- A ‘New’ and an ‘Old Trend’. Military thinking in the Netherlands and the Dutch East around the turn of the century -- Van Karnebeek’s break with tradition -- A cheque drawn on a failing bank: the address delivered by Queen Wilhelmina on 6th/7th December 1942 -- The Great Strike of 1960-61: its economic and socio-political background -- Survey of recent historical works on Belgium and the Netherlands published in Dutch -- Authors and Translators.
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  • 29
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    ISBN: 9789400978195
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (212p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in the History of Modern Science 12
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; History ; Evolution (Biology).
    Kurzfassung: I Knowledge of Birds in the Eighteenth Century -- II Brisson and Buffon: Ornithology 1760–1780 -- III New Data 1780–1830 -- VI Loci of New Data: Collections 1786–1830 -- V Ornithological Publications: 1780–1800 -- VI Focus on Classification: Ornithology 1800–1820 -- VII The Emergence of a Discipline: Ornithology 1820–1850 -- VIII The Significance of the Emergence of Ornithology as a Scientific Discipline -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: A number of years ago I began a project to derme and evaluate the impact of Buffon's Histoire naturelle on the science of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. My attention, however, was soon diverted by the striking difference between the highly literary natural history of Buffon and the duller, but more rigor­ ous, zoology of his successors, and I began to try to understand this transformation of natural history into a set of separate scientific disciplines (geology, botany, ornithology, entomology, ichthyology, etc. ). Historical literature on the emergence of the biological sciences in the early nineteenth century is, unfortunately, scant. ! Indeed the entire issue of the emergence of scientific disciplines in general is poorly documented. A recent collection of articles on the subject states: One reason for this is, of course, that scientific development is a highly com­ plex process. Consequently, there has been a tendency for those engaged in its empirical study to select for close attention one strand or a small number of strands from the complicated web of social and intellectual factors at work. Many historians, for example, have dealt primarily with the internal development of scientific knowledge within given fields of inquiry. Sociologists, in contrast, have tended to concentrate on the social processes associated with the activities of scientists; but at the same time 2 they have largely ignored the intellectual content of science.
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  • 30
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400959491
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Biological membranes -- 2.1 Components of biological membranes -- 2.2 The phospholipid bilayer -- 2.3 Fluidity of the bilayer -- 2.4 Reservations on the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure -- References -- 3 Membrane lipids -- 3.1 Fatty acyl chains -- 3.2 Phase transitions -- 3.3 Trans-bilayer asymmetry -- References -- 4 Membrane proteins -- 4.1 Integral membrane proteins -- 4.2 Peripheral membrane proteins -- References -- 5 Membrane biosynthesis -- 5.1 Membrane lipid synthesis -- 5.2 Membrane protein synthesis -- 5.3 Integral protein synthesis -- 5.4 Peripheral membrane proteins -- 5.5 Factors affecting intracellular localization -- 5.6 Membrane turnover -- References.
    Kurzfassung: The student of biological science in his final years as an undergraduate and his first years as a graduate is expected to gain some familiarity with current research at the frontiers of his discipline. New research work is published in a perplexing diversity of publications and is inevitably concerned with the minutiae of the subject. The sheer number of research journals and papers also causes confusion and difficulties of assimilation. Review articles usually presuppose a background knowledge of the field and are inevitably rather restricted in scope. There is thus a need for short but authoritative introductions to those areas of modern biological research which are either not dealt with in standard introductory textbooks or are not dealt with in sufficient detail to enable the student to go on from them to read scholarly reviews with profit. This series of books is designed to satisfy this need. The authors have been asked to produce a brief outline of their subject assuming that their readers will have read and remembered much of a standard introductory textbook of biology. This outline then sets out to provide by building on this basis, the conceptual framework within which modern research work is progressing and aims to give the reader an indication of the problems, both conceptual and practical, which must be overcome if progress is to be maintained.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction2 Biological membranes -- 2.1 Components of biological membranes -- 2.2 The phospholipid bilayer -- 2.3 Fluidity of the bilayer -- 2.4 Reservations on the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure -- References -- 3 Membrane lipids -- 3.1 Fatty acyl chains -- 3.2 Phase transitions -- 3.3 Trans-bilayer asymmetry -- References -- 4 Membrane proteins -- 4.1 Integral membrane proteins -- 4.2 Peripheral membrane proteins -- References -- 5 Membrane biosynthesis -- 5.1 Membrane lipid synthesis -- 5.2 Membrane protein synthesis -- 5.3 Integral protein synthesis -- 5.4 Peripheral membrane proteins -- 5.5 Factors affecting intracellular localization -- 5.6 Membrane turnover -- References.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789401164917
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (V, 398 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Glacial Models1 The Evolution of the Rocky Mountain Glacial Model -- 2 Processes and Patterns of Glacial Erosion -- 3 A Glacial Process-Form Model -- 4 The Morphologic Sequence Concept and Deglaciation of Southern New England -- 2 Glacial Landforms -- 5 Morphometry in Glacial Geomorphology -- 6 Rates of Formation of Glacial Features in Glacier Bay, Alaska -- 7 Origin of Drumlins -- 8 Reappraisal of the Glaciated Appalachian Plateau -- 3 Other Terrain Considerations -- 9 Ice-Wedge Polygons of Northern Alaska -- 10 History of Glacial Lake Wawarsing, Southeast New York -- 11 The Relationship of River Terrace Formation to Glaciation in the Shoshone River Basin, Western Wyoming -- 12 Glacial Grooves and Periglacial Features in the Saharan Ordovician -- 4 Practical Applications -- 13 Buried Glacial Geomorphology -- 14 Glacial Landforms and Civil Engineering -- 15 Glacial Geology in Rural Land Use Planning and Zoning -- Author Index.
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  • 32
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    ISBN: 9789401159784
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction — What are metamorphic rocks? -- What does a metamorphic rock look like? -- The make-up of metamorphic rocks -- Metamorphic rock textures -- Metamorphic reactions -- Field relations of metamorphic rocks -- Uses of metamorphic rocks -- What this book is about -- Summary -- Exercise -- 2 How rocks are changed — The factors controlling metamorphism -- The Earth’s heat -- Where does the heat come from? -- How does the heat travel? -- Heat flow -- The geothermal gradient -- Pressure in the Earth -- What is pore-fluid pressure? -- Stress and strain in the crust -- The driving force for metamorphic reactions -- Equilibrium in metamorphic reactions -- Crystal growth during metamorphism -- Diffusion during metamorphism -- Recrystallisation during metamorphism -- Metamorphism and crustal processes -- Plate tectonics and metamorphic rocks -- Metamorphic grades, zones and facies -- Classifying metamorphic processes -- Summary page -- Exercises -- 3 Metamorphic terrains I -- Contact metamorphism -- Dynamic metamorphic rocks -- Summary -- Exercises -- 4 Metamorphic terrains II -- Regional metamorphism -- Metamorphic rocks in Precambrian shields -- High-pressure—low-temperature regional metamorphism -- Summary -- Exercises -- 5 Mountain building and metamorphic rocks -- Continental collision zones -- Continent/ocean collision zones -- Metamorphic belts through time -- Heat flow with time -- Evolution of the Earth’s crust -- Metamorphic rocks and the early history of the Earth -- Summary -- Exercises -- 6 The timing of metamorphic events -- Metasomatism — bulk chemical change -- Further reading -- Answers to exercises.
    Kurzfassung: This book is about metamorphic rocks: the processes involved in their formation and the reasons why they occur at particular places on the continents. It has been written to serve as an elementary text on the subjects of metamorphism and mountain building for non-specialist stu­ dents of geology. It will be equally useful where geology is either the main or subsidiary subject and could be used by students intending to advance further in geology (the list of advanced texts in the further reading section would be more appropriate to such students). My inten­ tion in writing this book has been to try to dispel the notion that metamorphism comprises the 'haunted wing' of geology. Admittedly, there are rather a large number of technical terms in the book, but I hope that after working through it you will not find metamorphism an unduly difficult or obscure aspect of geology. Throughout, I have emphasised the strong links between mountain building, plate tectonics and metamorphic processes. The book introduces metamorphic rocks by considering their textures and field relations, then moves on to deal with the factors controlling metamorphism. Case studies of areas of metamorphic rocks are then presented in the context of modern theories of the Earth's activity, and the place of metamorphic rocks in the formation of ancient and young mountain belts is analysed. New technical terms and concepts are explained in context as they are introduced, important terms being emphasised in bold print.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction - What are metamorphic rocks?What does a metamorphic rock look like? -- The make-up of metamorphic rocks -- Metamorphic rock textures -- Metamorphic reactions -- Field relations of metamorphic rocks -- Uses of metamorphic rocks -- What this book is about -- Summary -- Exercise -- 2 How rocks are changed - The factors controlling metamorphism -- The Earth’s heat -- Where does the heat come from? -- How does the heat travel? -- Heat flow -- The geothermal gradient -- Pressure in the Earth -- What is pore-fluid pressure? -- Stress and strain in the crust -- The driving force for metamorphic reactions -- Equilibrium in metamorphic reactions -- Crystal growth during metamorphism -- Diffusion during metamorphism -- Recrystallisation during metamorphism -- Metamorphism and crustal processes -- Plate tectonics and metamorphic rocks -- Metamorphic grades, zones and facies -- Classifying metamorphic processes -- Summary page -- Exercises -- 3 Metamorphic terrains I -- Contact metamorphism -- Dynamic metamorphic rocks -- Summary -- Exercises -- 4 Metamorphic terrains II -- Regional metamorphism -- Metamorphic rocks in Precambrian shields -- High-pressure-low-temperature regional metamorphism -- Summary -- Exercises -- 5 Mountain building and metamorphic rocks -- Continental collision zones -- Continent/ocean collision zones -- Metamorphic belts through time -- Heat flow with time -- Evolution of the Earth’s crust -- Metamorphic rocks and the early history of the Earth -- Summary -- Exercises -- 6 The timing of metamorphic events -- Metasomatism - bulk chemical change -- Further reading -- Answers to exercises.
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  • 33
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401163842
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Preliminaries -- 1.0 Motivation -- 1.1 Vectors—algebra -- 1.2 Vectors—calculus -- 1.3 Matrices -- 1.4 Statics—equilibrium -- 1.5 Summation convention and index notation -- 1.6 Elements of beam theory -- 1.7 Conclusions -- 2. Statics and Kinematics of Plate Bending -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 The stress resultants -- 2.2 Principal values -- 2.3 The moment circle -- 2.4 Equilibrium equations—rectangular coordinates -- 2.5 Plate bending kinematics—rectangular coordinates -- 2.6 Equilibrium equations—polar coordinates—radial symmetry -- 2.7 Plate bending kinematics—polar coordinates—radial symmetry -- 2.8 Conclusions -- 3. Elastic Plates -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Elastic theory of plate bending—moment/curvature relations -- 3.2 Elastic theory of plate bending—governing equation -- 3.3 Circular plates—radial symmetry -- 3.4 Some simple solutions for circular plates -- 3.5 Simple solutions for problems in rectangular coordinates -- 3.6 Further separation of variable features—rectangular plates -- 3.7 Solution by finite differences -- 3.8 Some other aspects of plate theory -- 3.9 Stability of plates -- 3.10 Conclusions -- 4. Plastic Plates -- 4.0 Introduction -- A. Solid metal plates -- B. Reinforced concrete plates -- 5. Optimal Plates -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Problem formulation -- 5.2 Constant curvature surfaces and principal directions -- 5.3 Basic results—corners -- 5.4 Some complete results -- 5.5 Moment volumes -- 5.6 Some theory -- 5.7 Conclusions -- 5.8 Exercises -- 6. Bibliography and Exercises -- 6.0 Bibliography -- 6.1 Exercises -- Appendix Geometry of Surfaces -- A.0 The need for geometry -- A.1 Geometry of a plane curve—curvature -- A.2 Length measurement on a surface—first fundamental form -- A.3 The normal to a surface -- A.4 Normal curvature—second fundamental form -- A.5 The derivatives of n—the Weingarten equations -- A.6 Directions on a surface -- A.7 The principal curvatures -- A.8 Principal directions -- A.9 Curvature and twist along the coordinate lines -- A.10 The curvature matrix -- A.11 The curvature circle -- A.12 Continuity requirements -- A.13 Special surfaces -- A.14 Summary—the geometrical quantities required for the construction of a plate theory.
    Kurzfassung: Adding another volume, even if only a slim one, to the technical books already published requires some justification. Mine is, firstly, that plate theory is not well represented in the available elementary texts, and secondly that no existing text adequately covers modern applications. The present account is intended to be elementary (though this is a relative term) while still providing stimulation and worthwhile experience for the reader. Special features of interest will I hope be the treatment of geometry of surfaces and the attempts around the end of the work to speculate a little. The detailed treatment of geometry of surfaces has been placed in an appendix where it can readily be referred to by the reader. My interest in plate theory extends back many years to the energetic and stimulating discussions with my supervisor, Professor R. W. Tiffen, at Birkbeck College, London, and a debt to him remains. Interest was rekindled for me by Dr R. E. Melchers when I supervised him in Cambridge some ten years ago, and more recently my stay at Strathclyde University and encouragement and stimulation in the Civil Engineering Department led me to undertake the present work. The typescript was prepared by Ms Catherine Drummond and I thank her warmly for this and other assistance, always cheerfully offered. My thanks also to the publishers and the referees for useful comments and advice. P.G.L.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Preliminaries1.0 Motivation -- 1.1 Vectors-algebra -- 1.2 Vectors-calculus -- 1.3 Matrices -- 1.4 Statics-equilibrium -- 1.5 Summation convention and index notation -- 1.6 Elements of beam theory -- 1.7 Conclusions -- 2. Statics and Kinematics of Plate Bending -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 The stress resultants -- 2.2 Principal values -- 2.3 The moment circle -- 2.4 Equilibrium equations-rectangular coordinates -- 2.5 Plate bending kinematics-rectangular coordinates -- 2.6 Equilibrium equations-polar coordinates-radial symmetry -- 2.7 Plate bending kinematics-polar coordinates-radial symmetry -- 2.8 Conclusions -- 3. Elastic Plates -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Elastic theory of plate bending-moment/curvature relations -- 3.2 Elastic theory of plate bending-governing equation -- 3.3 Circular plates-radial symmetry -- 3.4 Some simple solutions for circular plates -- 3.5 Simple solutions for problems in rectangular coordinates -- 3.6 Further separation of variable features-rectangular plates -- 3.7 Solution by finite differences -- 3.8 Some other aspects of plate theory -- 3.9 Stability of plates -- 3.10 Conclusions -- 4. Plastic Plates -- 4.0 Introduction -- A. Solid metal plates -- B. Reinforced concrete plates -- 5. Optimal Plates -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Problem formulation -- 5.2 Constant curvature surfaces and principal directions -- 5.3 Basic results-corners -- 5.4 Some complete results -- 5.5 Moment volumes -- 5.6 Some theory -- 5.7 Conclusions -- 5.8 Exercises -- 6. Bibliography and Exercises -- 6.0 Bibliography -- 6.1 Exercises -- Appendix Geometry of Surfaces -- A.0 The need for geometry -- A.1 Geometry of a plane curve-curvature -- A.2 Length measurement on a surface-first fundamental form -- A.3 The normal to a surface -- A.4 Normal curvature-second fundamental form -- A.5 The derivatives of n-the Weingarten equations -- A.6 Directions on a surface -- A.7 The principal curvatures -- A.8 Principal directions -- A.9 Curvature and twist along the coordinate lines -- A.10 The curvature matrix -- A.11 The curvature circle -- A.12 Continuity requirements -- A.13 Special surfaces -- A.14 Summary-the geometrical quantities required for the construction of a plate theory.
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  • 34
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401160032
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: I The Physicochemical Processes of Pedogenesis -- and definitions -- 1 Weathering and clay formation -- 2 The dynamics of organic matter -- 3 The movement of material within soils -- 4 General principles of the origin and development of soils -- II Pedogenesis: The Basis of Soil Classification -- 5 Soil classification -- 6 Immature soils and soils with little profile differentiation -- 7 Calcimagnesian soils -- 8 Soils with matured humus: isohumic soils and vertisols -- 9 Brunified soils -- 10 Podzolised soils -- 11 Hydromorphic soils -- 12 Sesquioxide-rich soils -- 13 Salsodic soils.
    Kurzfassung: This book is the first of two volumes intended to replace the old and now out of print Precis de pedologie, the previous three editions of which were pro­ duced by the same publisher in 1960, 1965 and 1970. It was apparent that the term 'precis', which means that the text was neces­ sarily condensed and summarised, no longer corresponded with the present day situation, for pedology has developed considerably in the past 10 years and it now makes use of the most modern and varied research techniques. It has become an entirely separate discipline and has assumed, at least in certain countries, considerable importance. In addition, different schools of thought have developed and their sometimes contradictory viewpoints are presented at many international conferences, which, if valid conclusions are to be reached from them, required considerable space for discussion. Thus, even by being very concise it was no longer possible to deal with the whole of soil science within the space of one volume, so that a two volume format became a necessity. As soil science is known to have two fundamentally distinct aspects, it has been easy to determine the contents of each volume and also to give each an identity and unity, as well as enabling a different kind of presentation to be made in each case.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I The Physicochemical Processes of Pedogenesisand definitions -- 1 Weathering and clay formation -- 2 The dynamics of organic matter -- 3 The movement of material within soils -- 4 General principles of the origin and development of soils -- II Pedogenesis: The Basis of Soil Classification -- 5 Soil classification -- 6 Immature soils and soils with little profile differentiation -- 7 Calcimagnesian soils -- 8 Soils with matured humus: isohumic soils and vertisols -- 9 Brunified soils -- 10 Podzolised soils -- 11 Hydromorphic soils -- 12 Sesquioxide-rich soils -- 13 Salsodic soils.
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  • 35
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401168595
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Science.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 The Immune System -- 2.1 Humoral immunity -- 2.2 Antibody structure and synthesis -- 2.3 Cell-mediated immunity -- 2.4 Histocompatibility antigens -- 2.5 Immune tolerance -- 2.6 Immunological techniques -- 3 Immunology and Reproduction in Male Mammals -- 3.1 Structure of the male reproductive system -- 3.2 Are sperm antigenic? -- 3.3 Antigenicity of the seminal plasma -- 3.4 Autoimmunity in the male -- 3.5 Spontaneous autoimmune reactions and infertility -- 4 Reproduction and Immunity in the Female -- 4.1 Reproduction in female mammals -- 4.2 Immune response in the female genital tract -- 4.3 Spermatozoa and semen within the female genital tract -- 4.4 Immunology and infertility in women -- 5 Immunological Implications of Pregnancy -- 5.1 Relations between mother and fetus -- 5.2 How might the fetus survive? -- 5.3 Immune response of the oviduct and uterus to embryos -- 5.4 Depression of the mother’s immune response -- 5.5 Is the fetus antigenic? -- 5.6 Is there a barrier between mother and fetus? -- 6 The Nature of the Mother’s Response -- 6.1 Humoral antibody responses to the fetus -- 6.2 Cell-mediated responses to the fetus -- 6.3 Interactions between cellular and humoral immunity -- 6.4 Suppressor cells -- 6.5 Further interactions between mother and fetus: the importance of being different -- 6.6 The role of the placenta -- 6.7 Harmful immune reactions against the fetus -- 7 Passive Transfer of Immunity -- 7.1 Routes of transfer -- 7.2 Prenatal transmission of immunity -- 7.3 Passive transfer of immunity after birth -- 8 Immunological Contraception -- 8.1 Strategies -- 8.2 Immunization against gamete-specific antigens -- 8.3 Immunization against reproductive hormones.
    Kurzfassung: Until quite recently, the field of reproductive immunology was very much a neglected area of biology, seen by most reproductive physiologists as of only peripheral importance. It was generally acknowledged as curious that a female mammal tolerated the intrusion of alien sperm and the persisting presence of an alien fetus, while reserving the prerogative of rejecting grafts of tissue, even when these were from her own mate. Several theories were advanced to explain this paradox, each with some supporting evidence: all were eventually shown to be inadequate. And there the matter was, on the whole, permitted to rest. In the last few years, the situation has changed dramatically, and the neglected area of overlap between immunology and reproduction has again become densely populated by research workers. As a symptom of this resurgence of interest, a specialist journal (the Journal of Reproductive Immunology) has been launched to supply what had rapidly been perceived as a need.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction2 The Immune System -- 2.1 Humoral immunity -- 2.2 Antibody structure and synthesis -- 2.3 Cell-mediated immunity -- 2.4 Histocompatibility antigens -- 2.5 Immune tolerance -- 2.6 Immunological techniques -- 3 Immunology and Reproduction in Male Mammals -- 3.1 Structure of the male reproductive system -- 3.2 Are sperm antigenic? -- 3.3 Antigenicity of the seminal plasma -- 3.4 Autoimmunity in the male -- 3.5 Spontaneous autoimmune reactions and infertility -- 4 Reproduction and Immunity in the Female -- 4.1 Reproduction in female mammals -- 4.2 Immune response in the female genital tract -- 4.3 Spermatozoa and semen within the female genital tract -- 4.4 Immunology and infertility in women -- 5 Immunological Implications of Pregnancy -- 5.1 Relations between mother and fetus -- 5.2 How might the fetus survive? -- 5.3 Immune response of the oviduct and uterus to embryos -- 5.4 Depression of the mother’s immune response -- 5.5 Is the fetus antigenic? -- 5.6 Is there a barrier between mother and fetus? -- 6 The Nature of the Mother’s Response -- 6.1 Humoral antibody responses to the fetus -- 6.2 Cell-mediated responses to the fetus -- 6.3 Interactions between cellular and humoral immunity -- 6.4 Suppressor cells -- 6.5 Further interactions between mother and fetus: the importance of being different -- 6.6 The role of the placenta -- 6.7 Harmful immune reactions against the fetus -- 7 Passive Transfer of Immunity -- 7.1 Routes of transfer -- 7.2 Prenatal transmission of immunity -- 7.3 Passive transfer of immunity after birth -- 8 Immunological Contraception -- 8.1 Strategies -- 8.2 Immunization against gamete-specific antigens -- 8.3 Immunization against reproductive hormones.
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  • 36
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401160124
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Electronics. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Combinational logic -- Binary Inputs and Outputs -- Truth Tables; Boolean Notation -- Electronic Combinational Logic -- Propagation Delay -- Summary -- Problems for Chapter 2 -- Appendix to Chapter 2 -- 3 Sequential Logic -- Memory Devices: Flip-flops and Registers 59 General Properties of Sequential Circuits: -- Counters and Sequencers -- Design of Counters -- Summary -- Problems for Chapter 3 -- 4 Analogue/Digital Conversion -- Digital to Analogue Conversion -- Analogue to Digital Conversion -- Sample-and-hold Devices -- Multiplexers -- A Complete Analogue-to-digital Interface System -- Summary -- Problems for Chapter 4 -- 5 Digital Components and Systems -- A Simple Memory -- Random-access Memory (RAM) -- Read-only Memory (ROM) -- Introducing the Microprocessor -- A Microprocessor System Configuration -- Problems for Chapter 5 -- Appendix A -- Appendix B.
    Kurzfassung: This book is an edited version of part of the teaching text used for the Open University's undergraduate course 'T283 Introductory Electronics', first presented in 1980. The original text was pro­ duced by a course team of nine authors and nine support staff. The team was also responsible for student experimental kits, television and radio programmes. The approach adopted by the course team was to try and teach, where possible, through specification of the problem rather than through discussion of the operation of a selection of available devices and components; since this leads more naturally to modem design strategies such as 'top-down'. The emphasis in the book on the solution of combinational and sequential logic problems by the truth tables and ROMs, rather than logic gates and mapping techniques, illustrates this approach. The book covers topics ranging from logic to microprocessor memory systems and is intended for students with a background in analogue electronics who wish to update their knowledge to include digital electronic systems. Chapter 2 introduces the basic ideas of combinational logic design; truth tables, ROMs, logic gates and Boolean algebra. Chapter 3 deals with sequential logic, and shows how one can design binary and decimal counters and use these to produce a system controller. Chapter 4 examines the system elements needed to interconnect analogue and digital systems.
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