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  • 2015-2019  (121)
  • 2017  (121)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (121)
  • Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
  • Environment  (121)
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  • 2015-2019  (121)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273528
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (309 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Edition: Revised version
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Investing in climate, investing in growth
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Wachstumspolitik ; G20-Staaten ; Internationaler Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Klimaänderung ; Wachstumspolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Investition ; Infrastruktur ; Strukturanpassung ; Finanzierung ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics ; Erde
    Abstract: This report provides an assessment of how governments can generate inclusive economic growth in the short term, while making progress towards climate goals to secure sustainable long-term growth. It describes the development pathways required to meet the Paris Agreement objectives and underlines the value of well-aligned policy packages in mobilising investment and social support for the transition while enhancing growth. The report also sets out the structural, financial and political changes needed to enable the transition.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264287761
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: tudes de l'OCDE sur la croissance verte
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la croissance verte
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Pour diverses raisons, la consommation d'énergie dans le secteur agroalimentaire continue d'augmenter et, dans de nombreux pays, dépend fortement des combustibles fossiles, contribuant ainsi de manière significative aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Il devient donc urgent d'examiner comment la chaîne d'approvisionnement alimentaire peut améliorer son efficacité énergétique. Ce rapport analyse les moyens d'améliorer l’efficacité d’utilisation de l’énergie dans le secteur agro-alimentaire, aussi bien pour les producteurs que pour les consommateurs, et propose un ensemble de recommandations d’action que les pouvoirs publics peuvent mettre en œuvre pour atteindre les objectifs de croissance verte et parvenir au développement durable.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264284159
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente ligne directrice pour les essais de produits chimiques décrit une méthode d’essai permettant d’obtenir des données sur la stabilité de dispersion des nanomatériaux manufacturés en milieu environnemental simulé. Cette ligne directrice a principalement pour objet l’évaluation de la capacité d’un nanomatériau à former une dispersion colloïdale et à conserver cet état de dispersion dans des conditions similaires à celles de l’environnement. La méthode d’essai comporte la dispersion du nanomatériau par une procédure de sonication calibrée, et la détermination de la concentration massique du nanomatériau dans une série de récipients d’essai au cours du processus d’homoagglomération et de sédimentation des particules dans des environnements présentant différentes caractéristiques hydrochimiques.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264269163
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: Les Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE sont des évaluations indépendantes des progrès accomplis par les pays pour tenir leurs objectifs environnementaux. Ces examens sont destinés à favoriser les échanges de bonnes pratiques, à aider les gouvernements à rendre compte de leurs politiques et à améliorer la performance environnementale, individuelle et collective, des pays. Les analyses s’appuient sur un large éventail de données économiques et environnementales. Au cours de chaque cycle d’examens environnementaux, l’OCDE passe en revue l’ensemble de ses pays membres ainsi que certains pays partenaires. Les derniers pays examinés sont le Brésil (2015), les Pays-Bas (2015) et la France (2016). Ce rapport est le deuxième examen environnemental du Chili. Il évalue ses progrès en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, avec un accent particulier sur le changement climatique et sur la conservation et l’exploitation durable de la biodiversité. Cette version française est une version abrégée de la version originale de la publication, OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Chile 2016. Elle inclut notamment l'avant-propos, le résumé et les recommandations qui donne une vue d'ensemble du rapport.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264284074 , 9789264283923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Tools
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Evidence-based policy making for youth well-being
    Keywords: Jugendpolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Education ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Jugendpolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: With 1.2 billion people, today’s youth population aged 15-24 represents the largest cohort ever to enter the transition to adulthood. Close to 90% of these young people live in developing countries, and the numbers will practically double in the least developed countries. These young people are the world’s next generation and a unique asset. If properly nurtured, they can act as engines for economic and social progress. Hence, the political will has grown among many national governments to develop comprehensive policy frameworks that better respond to young peoples’ needs and aspirations through national youth policies. This toolkit provides analytical tools and policy guidance, based on rigorous empirical evidence and international good practices, to countries that are developing, implementing or updating their youth policies. The toolkit includes step-by-step modules to carry out a youth well-being diagnosis and includes practical examples of common youth policies and programmes in the areas of employment, education and skills, health and civic participation.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264285712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water charges in Brazil
    Keywords: Wasserpreis ; Wassermarkt ; Wassermangel ; Wasserpolitik ; Brasilien ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Brazil ; Brasilien ; Wasserversorgung
    Abstract: This report examines the current system of water abstraction and pollution charges in operation in Brazil. It assesses the current system’s implementation challenges and provides possible solutions. The report explores how water charges can be both an effective means for dealing with water security issues, and a tool for enhancing economic growth and social welfare. Specific analysis is put forward for three case studies in the State of Rio de Janiero, the Paraiba do Sul River Basin and the Piancó-Piranhas-Açu River Basin. The report highlights that water charges need to operate in conjunction with an effective water regulatory regime and concludes with an Action Plan based on practical steps and recommendations for its implementation in the short, medium and long-term.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264294912 , 9789264268623 , 9789264268586
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Green growth indicators 2017
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Umweltökonomie ; Natürliche Ressourcen
    Abstract: Green growth policies need to be founded on a good understanding of the determinants of green growth and need to be supported with appropriate indicators to monitor progress. This book presents a selection of updated and new indicators that illustrate the progress that OECD and G20 countries have made since the 1990s. It updates the 2014 edition.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264277793
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Korea 2017
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Cette publication est la version abrégée du troisième Examen environnemental de la Corée. Elle contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, issues des trois chapitres sur les tendances et développements récents, la gouvernance, la croissance verte, ainsi que des deux chapitres détaillés sur les déchets, la gestion des matières et l’économie circulaire, et sur la justice environnementale. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264269552 , 9789264295360 , 9789264269545
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Online-Ressource)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The political economy of biodiversity policy reform
    Keywords: Artenschutz ; Politische Reform ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Frankreich ; Mauretanien ; Guinea-Bissau ; Island ; Biodiversität ; Naturschutz ; Finanzierung ; Politische Reform
    Abstract: This report provides insights on the political economy of biodiversity related policy reforms. It draws on existing literature and four new case studies covering the French tax on pesticides, agricultural subsidy reform in Switzerland, EU payments to Mauritania and Guinea-Bissau to finance marine protected areas via conservation trust funds, and individually transferable quotas for fisheries in Iceland. Each case study focusses on the drivers of reform, the types of obstacles encountered, key features of the policy reform, and the lessons learned from the reform experience.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264922341
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.92
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is the report of an OECD survey of member governments on their pesticide regulatory data requirements for product chemistry of active ingredients and end-use formulations. Product chemistry data are key information elements that are reviewed by governments during the process of registering pesticides. The aim of the survey was to identify the commonality and differences in core product chemistry data requirements across OECD governments, and to consider whether there is a need to address such differences through greater harmonisation.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264273542 , 9789264273566 , 9789264295810
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (324 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Extended Producer Responsibility: Updated Guidance for Efficient Waste Management
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Le présent rapport met à jour le manuel de 2001 pour les gouvernements sur la responsabilité élargie des producteurs (REP), qui donnait un aperçu des questions clés, fournissait des considérations générales ainsi qu’une discussion des bénéfices et coûts potentiels associés à la responsabilité des producteurs pour la gestion des déchets issus de leurs produits. Depuis lors, les politiques REP visant à améliorer le recyclage et à réduire la mise en décharge ont été largement adoptées dans la plupart des pays de l'OCDE; La couverture des produits a été élargie dans des secteurs clés comme l'emballage, l'électronique, les batteries et les véhicules; Et les programmes REP se répandent dans les économies émergentes en Asie, en Afrique et en Amérique du Sud, ce qui nécessite la prise en compte de contextes politiques différents dans les pays en développement. À la lumière des changements intervenus dans le contexte global, cette révision des lignes directrices examine quelques-uns des nouveaux défis et des nouvelles opportunités dans la conception et la mise en œuvre des politiques REP ; elle tient compte des efforts récents des gouvernements pour mieux évaluer les coûts et l’efficacité environnementale de la REP ainsi que son impact global sur le marché ; et elle aborde un certain nombre de questions spécifiques aux économies émergentes.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264272972
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Ce présent guide a pour objectif de formuler des orientations pour la promotion et le contrôle de la conformité, qui s’adressent notamment aux autorités chargées de la régelementation des pesticides, y compris à celles qui ne disposeraient pas de prescriptions, orientations, ou politiques propres dans ce domaine La conformité est d’une grande importance pour la réduction des risques liés aux pesticides et pour le bon fonctionnement des systèmes de réglementation des pesticides qui pourraient être compromis en cas de non-conformité. Le présent document traite des aspects suivants du cycle de vie des pesticides: fabrication et intégrité du produit, distribution (transport et vente compris), utilisation du produit, stockage du produit et le recyclage et élimination des contenants.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.230
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document presents a harmonized method for characterising, for assessment purposes, a specific subcategory of UVCBs (Substances of Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products or Biological materials): hydrocarbon solvent substances. The method presented in this document gives guidance on how hydrocarbon solvent substances can be characterised in a way that their composition is accurately and consistently reflected. This ensures that substances with the same chemical composition, manufactured in different countries, can be characterised with the same description for hazard assessment purposes. A common understanding and approach to characterising UVCBs would enable regulatory authorities to increase cooperation in the field of hazard assessment and help industry deal with regulatory requirements from multiple jurisdictions.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264274785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.212
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: In this document a strategy is presented to facilitate the ecological risk assessment of organometallic compounds (OM) and organic metal salts (OMS), outlining key steps that are based on elucidation of the fate of these substances in the environment. This document puts forth the recommendation that the initial determination of their fate in the environment is a primary factor for deciding how these substances should be assessed recognising that regulatory and program requirements will vary with each jurisdiction.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264275928
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce rapport explore les perspectives de croissance de l'économie de la mer, sa capacité à créer de l'emploi dans le futur et son rôle dans la gestion des défis mondiaux. Une attention particulière est accordée aux industries émergentes liées à la mer compte tenu de leur potentiel de croissance et d'innovation, et de leur contribution à résoudre les questions de sécurité énergétique, d'environnement, du changement climatique et de la sécurité alimentaire. Le rapport examine les risques et les incertitudes concernant le développement futur des industries liées à la mer, les innovations requises en science et technologie pour soutenir leur progression, leur contribution potentielle à la croissance verte et certaines implications pour la gestion des océans. Enfin, en examinant l'économie de la mer dans son ensemble, la publication explore les possibilités d'action susceptibles de stimuler les perspectives de développement à long terme, tout en gérant l'utilisation de la mer de manière responsable et durable.
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade and environment working papers 2017, 02
    Keywords: Environment ; Trade ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper discusses the nature and scope of international trade in environmentally related services, and analyses the implications that services trade restrictions have on the provisions of these services domestically and abroad. Numerous services appear crucial to the delivery and proper functioning of environmental goods and equipment be they a wastewater-treatment facility or a renewable power plant. By helping lower the costs of these services and improving access to world-class suppliers, trade policy can contribute alongside energy and environmental policy to the prevention and abatement of greenhouse-gas emissions and pollution in all its forms. Besides clarifying the role and scope of services related to the environment, the analysis undertaken in this paper suggests that the restrictions that countries impose on services trade may have a detrimental effect on the provision of environmental activities through the establishment by specialised firms of a commercial presence abroad, i.e. through mode 3 trade in services.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 116
    Keywords: Ökosystem ; Chemikalienrecht ; Gesundheit ; Menschen ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews and discusses the existing methods for placing a value on the effects of chemicals on human health and the environment. It surveys both methods and non-market methods, discussing their advantage and limitations. For example, when valuing non-fatal illnesses, the cost-of-illness approaches captures labour income lost to illness and medical expenditures undertaken to mitigate the illness, but fails to account for the value of the disutility of the illnesses. The paper also discusses mortality risk valuation, and the widely used metric termed the Value of a Statistical Life, the difficulties associated with estimating it, and the appropriateness of any adjustments for futurity, age, and the nature of the risk itself. Finally, the paper takes up the issue whether the source of the health risks (e.g., chemicals versus other forms of pollution versus others) affects how much the public values reducing those risks.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 118
    Keywords: Ökosystem ; Chemikalienrecht ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: OECD countries rely on regulatory tools to manage potential risks from exposure to targeted chemicals. Ex-ante regulatory impact assessment has a long tradition in many OECD countries, with established analytical steps and oversight as well as opportunities for public engagement to hold governments accountable for conducting analysis before regulations are issued. But ex-ante analyses necessarily depend on unverifiable assumptions and models of how the world would look absent the regulation, and how responses to regulatory requirements will alter those conditions. In essence, ex-ante analyses are hypotheses of the effects of regulatory actions. Better ex-post regulatory evaluation would allow agencies and others to test those hypotheses against actual outcomes. This would not only inform decisions related to the cost-effectiveness of existing policy, but would provide feedback that would improve future ex-ante analyses and future policies. However, ex-post analysis also poses challenges, especially when it comes to chemical risks. Once a regulation is in place, it is not always obvious what the world would have looked like without it. Measuring opportunity costs is not easy, and measuring regulatory benefits is often harder. Furthermore, once a regulation is in place, neither regulators nor regulatory entities have strong incentives for examining its actual impact. As a result of these methodological and incentive challenges, while ex-post evaluation has a long tradition in other areas (particularly in programmes financed through the fiscal budget), it has received little attention (and even fewer resources) in the regulatory arena, despite government guidelines requiring it. This paper attempts to address these challenges to evaluating regulatory outcomes and learning from those evaluations. Drawing on experience in OECD countries, it reviews the practices used to understand the likely impacts of regulations aimed at reducing chemical risks both before and after they are issued. It examines why efforts at retrospective review have lagged behind prospective regulatory analysis, and offers recommendations for addressing methodological and incentive challenges to better evaluation.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 124
    Keywords: Luftverschmutzung ; Umweltkosten ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Sterblichkeit ; Wert des Menschenlebens ; BRICS-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents updated results for the cost of ambient air pollution in 41 countries: the 6 major emerging economies known as the BRIICS – Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa – and the 35 member-countries of the OECD. It draws on the epidemiological evidence base assembled in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, in order to detail results for mortalities from ambient air pollution (AAP) – ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) and ambient ozone pollution (AOP) – in each of these 41 countries, at successive five-year intervals from 2000 to 2015.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Japan tragedy: Five years later
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Japan
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics ; Korea, Republic of
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics ; Trade
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Incertitudes climatiques
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282108116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report is the third and final output of a ten-year international research project studying the costs and viability of long-life road pavement surfacings. It describes the results of tests conducted with epoxy asphalt and high performance cementitious materials (HPCM) on real road sections in France, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The project was initiated to address a growing problem for road administrations and road users: frequent closures of roadways for repairs and repaving as a result of surface pavements that have improved but still barely kept up with increased loads and traffic density.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264284111
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264268951 , 9789264265264
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Boosting skills for greener jobs in Flanders, Belgium
    Keywords: Umweltberufe ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Flandern ; Energy ; Employment ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Belgium
    Abstract: The Flemish economy is extremely diversified with a number of value-added industries and a highly skilled workforce. The shift to a green economy will however require specific knowledge, values and attitudes from the Flemish workforce. This report analyses the skills dimension of the transition to a green economy at the local level, with specific reference to emerging needs in the agro-food, construction and chemicals sectors. It also provides recommendations for the development of green skills and occupational profiles at the organisational level, while advising policy makers on the best method of assisting firms to transition to a green economy.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264277809
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: New Zealand 2017
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; New Zealand
    Abstract: Cette publication est la version abrégée du troisième Examen environnemental de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Elle contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, issues des trois chapitres sur les tendances et développements récents, la gouvernance, la croissance verte, ainsi que des deux chapitres détaillés sur la gestion des ressources en eau et le développement urbain durable. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264279728
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of transgenic organisms in the environment ; Volume 7
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Volume 7 of the Series compiles the OECD consensus documents for use in environmental risk assessment of transgenic organisms (biosafety) issued in 2016 and 2017. The first two chapters cover the biology of plant species (sorghum and tomato) and include elements of taxonomy, centres of origin, reproductive biology, genetics, outcrossing, crop production and cultivation practices, interactions with other organisms, main pests and pathogens, and biotechnological developments. The third chapter relates to Atlantic salmon, the first OECD biosafety publication to address an animal species. It describes the biology and ecology of wild salmon (including classification, life stages, reproduction, centres of origin, geographical distribution, population dynamics, interaction with other organisms) and of the farmed form (domestication, aquaculture rearing practices, biocontainment, interactions with the external environment). It also provides elements of genetics, research on genetically engineered salmon and resources for its risk assessment.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264268241 , 9789264268319 , 9789264294615
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE: Estonie 2017 (Version abrégée)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Estonia
    Abstract: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews provide independent assessments of countries’ progress towards their environmental policy objectives. Reviews promote peer learning, enhance government accountability, and provide targeted recommendations aimed at improving environmental performance, individually and collectively. They are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data, and evidence-based analysis. Each cycle of Environmental Performance Reviews covers all OECD countries and selected partner economies. The most recent reviews include Chile and France (2016). This report is the first Environmental Performance Review of Estonia. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on waste and materials management, and mining and the environment.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264279643
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ПОДДЕРЖКА ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ЧИСТОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ТРАНСПОРТА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ: ПРОГРАММА «ЗЕЛЕНЫХ» ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting clean urban public transportation and green investment in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Investitionspolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr ; Investitionspolitik ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: This report discusses the main results of a project on how to reduce air pollution from urban public transport in Kazakhstan, by providing an analysis for designing a green public investment programme in this sector. This sector represents an opportunity for Kazakhstan to address key objectives in its environmental and climate-related policies as part of the country’s ambitions to transition to a green economic path of development. The investment programme is also designed to support the modernisation of the urban transport fleet in the country and stimulate the domestic market to shift to modern buses powered by clean fuels. The programme is foreseen to be implemented in two phases: the first covers the cities of Kostanay and Shymkent and the second, all major urban centres in Kazakhstan. These investments are expected to result in significant air improvement.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264278530
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Améliorer l'efficacité énergétique dans la chaîne agroalimentaire
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving energy efficiency in the agro-food chain
    Keywords: Energieeinsparung ; Agroindustrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Energieeffizienz ; Energieversorgung ; Lebensmittelindustrie
    Abstract: For a variety of reasons, energy use in the agro-food sector continues to rise, and in many countries, is highly dependent on fossil fuels, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore becoming urgent to consider how the food supply chain can improve its energy efficiency. This report analyses ways of improving energy use in the agro-food sector in relation to both producers and consumers, and puts forward a set of policy recommendations that governments can introduce to meet green growth objectives and achieve sustainable development.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264276208
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Online-Ressource)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Marine protected areas
    Keywords: Meeresschutz ; Meerespolitik ; Umweltökonomik ; Artenschutz ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Economics ; Naturschutz ; Gewässerschutz ; Meeresschutzgebiet ; Umweltbezogenes Management
    Abstract: Intense exploitation of our oceans and seas is degrading marine biodiversity and ecosystems at an alarming rate. This report presents good practice insights for effectively managing marine protected areas (MPAs), one of the policy instruments available for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity and ecosystems. While global coverage of MPAs has been increasing over the past two decades, further efforts are required to meet the target under the Sustainable Development Goals and to ensure they are effective. Drawing on the literature and numerous examples from developed and developing countries, this book highlights how the environmental and cost effectiveness of MPAs can be enhanced. It covers issues including the benefits and costs of MPAs, the need for more strategic siting of MPAs, monitoring and compliance, sustainable finance for MPAs, and the need to embed these in a wider policy mix so as to address the multiple pressures on marine ecosystems.
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 114
    Keywords: Wasserversorgung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Wasserpolitik ; Fluss ; Georgien ; Aserbaidschan ; Environment ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study was one of the first attempts to evaluate and quantify the benefits of transboundary co-operation between Georgia and Azerbaijan. A specific framework for inventorying these benefits, taking into account all the different dimensions of transboundary water management, was built and applied to the major transboundary water bodies. Though a thorough assessment of the costs and benefits of transboundary co-operation in the two selected cases was not possible due to the lack of some quantitative and economic data, the assessment results highlighted the importance of promoting the integration of economic thinking in transboundary water management. The present and future prospects for transboundary co-operation on water management are still very positive: the two countries are working on a Transboundary Agreement, which will provide the necessary regulatory framework for co-operation and, most importantly, will set up a Joint Commission on Sustainable Use and Protection of the Kura River Basin. The outcomes of this study allowed for the identification of priorities for future work on transboundary co-operation between Georgia and Azerbaijan, and namely, support to developing guidelines on mechanisms to update databases, but also on new tools and systems.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 06 (January 2017)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.6
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This Policy Paper describes the relatively new phenomenon of publicly-capitalised green investment banks and examines why they are being created and how they are mobilising private investment. It draws on the OECD report “Green Investment Banks: Scaling up Private Investment in Low-carbon, Climate-resilient Infrastructure".
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Governance of Regulators
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Role of economic regulators in the governance of infrastructure
    Keywords: Aufsichtsbehörde ; Regulierung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Welt ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Infrastruktur ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Erschließung ; Regulierung ; Governance ; Datenaufbereitung ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Erde
    Abstract: Economic regulators are responsible for ensuring that infrastructure services are delivered efficiently, where competition on its own is unable to achieve this outcome. Based on a survey of 34 economic regulators covering 77 sectors and subsectors including energy, transport, communications and water, this report explores how economic regulators carry out this task, and suggests how this experience can be usefully applied in the governance of infrastructure more broadly.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264274693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.203
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guidance Document proposes an integrated approach on testing and assessment (IATA) for skin corrosion and irritation. It also provides consistent information on key characteristics of each of the individual information sources of the IATA, and relevant guidance on how to integrate information for decision making (including decisions on the need for further testing) for final decisions for classification and labelling.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264274846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Guidance on Corporate Governance for Process Safety draws attention to those at the top of industry to the need for high standards of corporate governance in relation to the management of high hazard industries. The Guidance encourages every director, CEO and President of a major hazard company and to check themselves against a set of self-assessment questions and evaluate their awareness and knowledge in process safety.
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade and environment working papers 2017, 03
    Keywords: Environment ; Trade ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report investigates the implications of regionalism for the interaction between trade and climate policy. It examines the implications of regional climate governance for international trade and conversely the implications of regional trade governance for climate change action. Regional approaches to climate change governance are discussed with a specific focus on the rise of “climate clubs” and their implications for international trade. Moreover, regional trade agreements and their current environmental provisions related to climate change are also examined. Building on these analyses, this report explores the various ways in which regional trade agreements could address climate change objectives, and draws lessons from recent developments in regional trade governance for the further evolution of such agreements.
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 117
    Keywords: Chemikalie ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Risiko ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The purpose of this working paper is to review existing chemical risk assessment methods in the context of supporting socio-economic cost-benefit analysis, focusing on more “typical” risk assessments that may not have strong epidemiologic data and/or were not originally designed to support socio-economic analyses. A number of case studies of such “typical” chemical risk assessments were reviewed with respect to their suitability for supporting socio-economic analyses.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 120
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; Risikomanagement ; Umweltbelastung ; Schadenversicherung ; Kolumbien ; Senegal ; Environment ; Colombia ; Senegal ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Developing countries are disproportionately affected by the rising trend of losses from climate-related extreme events. These losses are projected to continue to increase in future, driven by climate change and the accumulation of people and assets in high-risk areas. Effective climate change policies are needed to reduce the accumulation of risk, combined with instruments and tools to help retain, share or transfer financial losses if an extreme event occurs. These tools and instruments, collectively known as financial protection, can help people cope with the impacts of climate-related disasters, reduce costs of recovery and reconstruction, and encourage risk reduction. Linking financial protection and climate adaptation in development planning and policy has the potential to increase the resilience of affected communities. This paper uses case studies of Colombia and Senegal to examine how countries are using financial protection as part of their approaches to managing climate risks. The paper identifies emerging
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281936
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The governance of land use in the Czech Republic
    Keywords: Städtische Flächennutzung ; Ballungsraum ; Tschechien ; Prag ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Czech Republic ; Tschechien ; Raumordnungspolitik ; Prag ; Landnutzung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Flächennutzungsplanung
    Abstract: Prague is a vibrant and growing city facing significant land-use pressures related to rapid peri-urban growth. This report examines land use and governance trends in Prague and the broader metropolitan area, including the formal elements of the planning system and broader governance arrangements such as rural-urban partnerships. It provides a number of recommendations to ensure the sustainable development of regional transportation and infrastructure, affordable housing and quality public amenities.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273887
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Traiter les problèmes environnementaux avec l'aide des sciences comportementales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tackling environmental problems with the help of behavioural insights
    Keywords: Umweltschutz ; Umweltbelastung ; Verhalten ; Entscheidung ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Umweltbelastung ; Verhaltensökonomie
    Abstract: Behavioural insights can help policy makers obtain a deeper understanding of the behavioural mechanisms contributing to environmental problems, and design and implement more effective policy interventions. This report reviews recent developments in the application of behavioural insights to encourage more sustainable consumption, investment and compliance decisions by individuals and firms. Drawing on interventions initiated by ministries and agencies responsible for environment and energy, as well as cross-government behavioural insights teams, it portrays how behavioural sciences have been integrated into the policy-making process. The report covers a variety of policy areas: energy, water and food consumption, transport and car choice, waste management and resource efficiency, compliance with environmental regulation and participation in voluntary schemes. It shows what has proven to work – and what has not – in policy practice in OECD countries and beyond.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264284241 , 9789264280977
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Tackling Environmental Problems with the Help of Behavioural Insights
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Les enseignements des sciences comportementales peuvent aider les décideurs à mieux comprendre les mécanismes comportementaux qui concourent aux problèmes d’environnement et leur permettre d’élaborer et de mettre en œuvre des réponses plus efficaces. Ce rapport passe en revue les applications récentes des enseignements des sciences comportementales qui visent à orienter les individus et les entreprises vers des décisions de consommation, d’investissement et de mise en conformité plus durables. En s’appuyant sur les interventions mises en place par les ministères et organismes chargés des questions d’environnement et d’énergie et sur le travail des équipes intergouvernementales d’étude des enseignements des sciences comportementales, le rapport décrit comment les sciences comportementales ont été intégrées dans les processus d’élaboration des politiques. Différents domaines d’action sont abordés : consommation d’énergie, d’eau et de produits alimentaires, choix du mode de transport et du véhicule, gestion des déchets et efficacité d’utilisation des ressources, respect de la réglementation environnementale et participation à des programmes volontaires. Le rapport met en lumière ce qui a marché – ou pas – dans les pratiques mises en œuvre dans les pays de l’OCDE et ailleurs.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264945425
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.36
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of non-volatile chemicals used in textile dyes. The document focuses primarily on the application of dyes to fibers, yarns and fabrics by batch or continuous processes. The document presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to non-volatile chemicals used in dye formulations.
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2017/05
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Accounting for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement is needed to allow Parties to track individual progress towards their own mitigation-related NDC targets, understand others’ NDC targets and their progress toward them, and assess collective progress towards the long-term mitigation goal. This paper aims to assist Parties and stakeholders in framing thinking around the nature of accounting for mitigation targets given the diversity of target types in NDCs, and also to discuss how accounting guidance could be applied at various stages in the NDC cycle. It provides a summary and unpacking of the key accounting provisions under the Paris Agreement and Decision text, discusses the implications of the range of NDC target types, then discusses the particular issues of accounting for co-operative approaches and for the land sector. It then explores how accounting guidance may be applied within the NDC cycle.
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2016/05
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Article 13 of the Paris Agreement, agreed at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2015, calls for the adoption of an enhanced transparency framework for both mitigation action and support. This note presents a possible structure for the modalities, procedures and guidelines for the mitigation-related aspects of the enhanced transparency framework. The scope of the note includes reporting, technical expert review and multilateral consideration of progress, taking into account lessons learned from experience with reporting, review and other relevant processes under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. The note aims to serve as a helpful reference for UNFCCC transparency negotiators, by flagging issues that will need to be addressed when Parties develop modalities, procedures and guidelines in this area, and by providing links to existing provisions or guidance for each topic.
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2017/01
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are currently developing the operational elements of the Paris Agreement, including guidance for information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding (CTU) when Parties communicate their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Drawing on Party submissions from 2016 and April 2017, and discussions held during the CCXG Global Forum on the Environment and Climate Change in March 2017, this paper synthesises and discusses views on guidance for CTU in four areas: the purpose of the guidance; where further guidance is needed; the elements of the guidance; and the relationship between guidance for CTU and other operational elements of the Paris Agreement. The paper then suggests ways for Parties to consider selected issues, namely: the structure and content of the guidance; its status; the scope of NDCs; and links between sets of guidance, including timing issues.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe An uncertain climate
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le Japon, cinq ans après la tragédie
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Japan
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'eau : c'est tout ou rien
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics ; Thailand
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264283138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Peru
    Abstract: The Environmental Performance Review programme of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provides independent assessments of countries’ progress in achieving their domestic and international environmental policy commitments, together with policy-relevant recommendations. The reviews are conducted to promote peer learning, enhance governments’ accountability to each other and to the public, and to improve countries’ environmental performance, individually and collectively. The OECD has been conducting these reviews since 1992, supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data. Each cycle of the Environmental Performance Reviews covers all OECD member countries and selected partner countries. The most recent reviews include: Colombia (2014), Spain (2015), Brazil (2015) and Chile (2016). The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) has promoted environmental reviews in Latin America and the Caribbean, in cooperation with the OECD, and has undertaken similar assessments in the states of Amazonas and Acre in Brazil. Part I. Progress toward sustainable development Chapter 1. Background and key environmental trends Chapter 2. Policy-making environment Chapter 3. Economy and the environment Chapter 4. Society and environment Chapter 5. International co-operation and commitments Part II. Environmental quality of life Chapter 6. Air quality management Chapter 7. Management of waste and chemicals Chapter 8. Water resources Chapter 9. Biodiversity Part III. Use of natural resources base Chapter 10. Farming and forestry Chapter 11. Fisheries Chapter 12. Mining sector Annex I: Selected Data
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264284036
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode qui permet d’évaluer les effets d’un produit chimique sur l’activité phagocytaire de boues activées contenant des organismes protozoaires, dans des conditions pré-déterminées, dans une gamme de concentrations croissantes du produit chimique testé. Le principe d’une station de traitement biologique des eaux usées est de transformer la matière organique des eaux usées entrantes en biomasse microbienne, qui est séparée à son tour du liquide pour donner un effluent purifié. L’objectif de cet essai est de générer des données sur les effets des produits chimiques testés sur les protozoaires ciliés vivant dans les stations d’épuration qui, se nourissant de bactéries, assure la clarification des eaux usées et, par conséquent, la transparence, c’est-à-dire la faible charge organique des eaux de sortie.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264284135
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice est une méthode d’essai en laboratoire destinée à évaluer la toxicité aiguë par voie orale des pesticides et d’autres produits chimiques pour des bourdons ouvriers adultes. Des bourdons ouvriers adultes sont exposés à une solution de saccharose à 50% en poids par unité de volume (500g/l), contentant le produit chimique testé. L’essai dure au minimum 48 heures. La mortalité est notée tous les jours et comparée avec les valeurs des témoins. On analyse les résultats afin de calculer la DL50 et la DSEO, si possible, à 24 heures et à 48 heures et, au cas où l’étude est prolongée, à 72 heures et à 96 heures.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264286047
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Цель настоящего доклада заключается в освещении того, каким образом страны ВЕКЦА и их партнеры по сотрудничеству в целях развития ведут совместную работу по финансированию усилий, направленных на смягчение последствий изменения климата и адаптацию к изменению климата, с использованием базы данных Комитета ОЭСР по помощи в целях развития для анализа потоков климатического финансирования в разбивке по секторам, поставщикам финансирования, финансовым инструментам, каналам и т.д. В 2013 и 2014 годах одиннадцати странам ВЕКЦА был выделен значительный объем финансирования из международных институциональных источников (3,3 миллиарда долларов США в год), однако масштабы этого финансирования значительно варьируются от страны к стране и не являются достаточными для достижения или превышения плановых показателей в области климата, которые были заявлены ими в предполагаемых определяемых на национальном уровне вкладах (ПОНУВ), представленных к 21-й Конференции сторон РКИК ООН. Хотя странами ВЕКЦА уже разработан целый ряд стратегий, связанных с климатом, вопрос о том, насколько эффективно осуществляются эти стратегии и в какой степени они способствуют дальнейшей мобилизации климатического финансирования, остается открытым. В связи с этим настоящий документ предлагает вопросы, отвечая на которые правительства стран ВЕКЦА смогут самостоятельно оценить свою готовность к использованию возможностей доступа к увеличивающимся объемам климатического финансирования из государственных, частных, международных и внутренних источников.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264286214
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Brazil
    Abstract: O relatório tem como principal foco a cobrança pelo uso de recursos hídricos no Brasil. Avalia o seu estado atual e os desafios de implementação. Proporciona orientações para o avanço da implementação da cobrança no País como instrumento econômico e financeiro de gestão, visando prevenir e responder a situações de conflito pelo uso da água e de poluição, contribuindo para a segurança hídrica, e, consequentemente, favorecendo o crescimento econômico e o bem-estar social. O relatório evidencia a necessidade de informações, a aproximação da cobrança ao planejamento da bacia e a aplicação eficiente dos recursos arrecadados. O relatório inclui uma avaliação de três estudos de caso: o Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a Bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e a Bacia do rio Piancó-Piranhas-Açu. Conclui com um plano de ação com etapas de implementação prática e delimitação de funções: quem pode fazer o quê para implementar as recomendações a curto, médio e longo prazo.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264275966
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Estonia
    Abstract: Les Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE sont des évaluations indépendantes des progrès accomplis par les pays pour tenir leurs objectifs environnementaux. Ces examens sont destinés à favoriser les échanges de bonnes pratiques, à aider les gouvernements à rendre compte de leurs politiques et à améliorer la performance environnementale, individuelle et collective, des pays. Les analyses s’appuient sur un large éventail de données économiques et environnementales. Au cours de chaque cycle d’examens environnementaux, l’OCDE passe en revue l’ensemble de ses pays membres ainsi que certains pays partenaires. Les derniers pays examinés sont la France et le Chili (2016).
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264279674 , 9789264279667 , 9789264296572
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rapporto dell'OCSE sulle performance ambientali: Svizzera 2017 (Versione abbreviata)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE: Suisse 2017
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Umweltprüfbericht: Schweiz 2017 (Kurzfassung)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Industry and Services ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Switzerland has taken steps to improve the environmental performance of its agricultural, energy and transport sectors. The country is a top OECD performer in terms of greenhouse gas emissions intensity and it should be commended for its innovative approach towards rehabilitation of its river system. Yet unsustainable consumption patterns and high levels of municipal waste generation, as well as high percentages of threatened species, are areas of concern. As a major financial centre, Switzerland has a key role to play in promoting green finance. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of Switzerland. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with special features on: water management and biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264279612 , 9789264279629 , 9789264296565
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Canada 2017
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada
    Abstract: Canada, the world's second largest country by area, has abundant natural resources. Its vast territory includes large tracts of undisturbed wilderness. However, urbanisation and agriculture are putting pressure on the natural asset base. Since 2000, Canada has made progress in decoupling economic growth from air pollution, energy consumption and GHG emissions, but it remains one of the most energy- and emissions-intensive economies in the OECD. Further progress is needed to transition to a green, low-carbon economy. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of Canada. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with special features on climate change mitigation and urban wastewater management.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264283251 , 9789264283244
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Canada 2017
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada
    Abstract: Canada, le deuxième pays le plus vaste du monde, possède d'abondantes richesses naturelles. Son immense territoire comprend de vastes étendues de nature intacte. Cependant, l'urbanisation et l'agriculture font pression sur les richesses naturelles du pays. Depuis 2000, le Canada a progressé dans le découplage de la croissance économique par rapport à la pollution de l'air, la consommation d'énergie et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, mais il demeure l'une des économies à plus haute intensité d'énergie et d'émissions de l'OCDE. De plus amples efforts sont nécessaires pour passer à une économie verte, à bas carbone. Ce rapport est le troisième examen environnemental du Canada. Il évalue ses progrès en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, avec des chapitres détaillés sur le changement climatique et le traitement des eaux usées urbaines.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264268265 , 9789264268302 , 9789264294622
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Corée 2017 (Version abrégée)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews provide independent assessments of countries’ progress towards their environmental policy objectives. Reviews promote peer learning, enhance government accountability, and provide targeted recommendations aimed at improving environmental performance, individually and collectively. They are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data, and evidence-based analysis. Each cycle of Environmental Performance Reviews covers all OECD countries and selected partner economies. The most recent reviews include Chile and France (2016). This report is the third Environmental Performance Review of Korea. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on waste and materials management, and environmental justice.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272392
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Online-Ressource)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Building food security and managing risk in Southeast Asia
    Keywords: Ernährungssicherung ; Unterernährung ; Klimawandel ; Agrarpolitik ; Fischereipolitik ; ASEAN-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Südostasien ; Lebensmittelversorgung
    Abstract: This report explores effective policy solutions to the current and future challenges related to food security in the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). While robust GDP growth, rising agricultural productivity and output, and strong growth in agricultural incomes have all contributed to vast improvements in the food security of the region, 60 million people remain undernourished. ASEAN governments have therefore justifiably kept food security as a policy priority. The regional policy architecture set out in ASEAN frameworks provides sound guidance, yet some of the current policies adopted by members are not helping to address food insecurity and its causes, including the formidable challenges related to climate change and the need for continued growth in sustainable food production to feed growing populations. This report puts forward a number of policy recommendations to ensure that the ASEAN agricultural and fisheries sectors contribute effectively and efficiently to ensuring regional food security.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264269064
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Diffuse pollution, degraded waters
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gewässerbelastung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; OECD ; Wasserverschmutzung ; Kontrolle ; Wassergüte
    Abstract: After decades of regulation and investment to reduce point source water pollution, OECD countries still face water quality challenges (e.g. eutrophication) from diffuse agricultural and urban sources of pollution, that is disperse pollution from surface runoff, soil filtration and atmospheric deposition. The relative lack of progress reflects the complexities of controlling multiple pollutants from multiple sources, their high spatial and temporal variability, associated transactions costs, and limited political acceptability of regulatory measures. This report outlines the water quality challenges facing OECD countries today, presents a range of policy instruments and innovative case studies of diffuse pollution control, and concludes with an integrated policy framework to tackle diffuse water pollution. An optimal approach will likely entail a mix of policy interventions reflecting the basic OECD principles of water quality management – pollution prevention, treatment at source, the polluter pays and beneficiary pays principles, equity, and policy coherence.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274204
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Climate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics
    Abstract: The outcome of COP21 urged developed countries to scale up their level of financial support, over and above their initial finance pledges, with a concrete roadmap to achieve their USD 100 billion a year commitment by 2020. This note provides analytical support to country preparation of such a roadmap, assessing the scale of future climate finance as well as identifying and discussing some key uncertainties. It sets out the resulting projections for climate finance in 2020 along with the underlying assumptions and methodologies.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264274815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.250
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: OECD member countries have been making efforts to expand the use of alternative methods in assessing chemicals. The OECD has been developing guidance documents and tools for the use of alternative methods such as (Q)SAR, chemical categories and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) as a part of Integrated Approaches for Testing and Assessment (IATA). There is a need for the investigation of the practical applicability of these methods/tools for different aspects of regulatory decision-making, and to build upon case studies and assessment experience across jurisdictions. The objective of the IATA Case Studies Project is to increase experience with the use of IATA by developing case studies, which constitute examples of predictions that are fit for regulatory use. The aim is to create common understanding of using novel methodologies and the generation of considerations/guidance stemming from these case studies. This document reports the learnings and lessons obtained from the review experience of the four case studies submitted to the 2015 review cycle of the IATA Case Studies project. The topics discussed in this document include the strongest aspects and uncertainties of each case study, and the document identifies areas for developing further guidance on IATA.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 119
    Keywords: Ökosystem ; Chemikalienrecht ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews and discusses existing methodologies for transferring and extrapolating the economic value of health and environmental impacts across chemicals, and identifies challenges with such value transfer and when it can be suitable. The value transfer methodologies describes can be used to estimate the economic benefits of chemical management regulatory frameworks as a whole, as well as in cost-benefit analyses (CBAs) of risk management measures for individual chemicals. For economic valuation of mortality risks from chemicals, the OECD database of Stated Preference (SP) studies of Value of Statistical Life (VSL) , which should be continuously updated with new valuation studies, has a sufficient number of primary studies internationally to conduct value transfer using meta-analytic regressions. However, the empirical evidence on acute and chronic morbidity endpoints, especially concerning all costs components of chronic illnesses, seems to be scarce. The same is true for chemical-related environmental impacts, especially related to ecosystem services, for the multitude of chemicals. Thus, the main methodological and informational challenge for valid value transfer of environmental and health impacts from chemical regulations seems to be new primary valuation studies of morbidity and ecosystem services impacts caused by exposure to (groups of) chemicals. These new primary valuation studies should be designed with value transfer in mind, and cover several countries, in order to extrapolate and generalise the economic values to evaluate international chemical regulations in CBAs. These new primary studies should ideally cover all relevant scales of the impacts, in order to develop generalised adjustment factors for differences in scale of the impacts between the study sites and the policy site. This would improve the spatial transfer of values. The same is true for the combination of Geographical Information System (GIS) data with existing primary studies of impacts at different scales. Furthermore, these new primary studies should be repeated over time in order to provide more information about how values for the relevant impacts change over time; as preferences, scarcity of the public good and the real income of the affected population change. This would improve temporal transfer.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 122
    Keywords: Landnutzung ; Verkehr ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Objektorientierte Programmierung ; CGE-Modell ; Mikrosimulation ; Environment ; Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper describes MOLES 1.0, an integrated land-use and transport model developed with Object-Oriented Programming principles in order to combine selected characteristics from Spatial Computable General Equilibrium and microsimulation models.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2016/04
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: An enhanced transparency framework will be a central component of the post-2020 international climate policy regime under the Paris Agreement, underpinning the dynamic process of updating nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and providing input to the global stocktakes of progress towards the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement. The enhanced transparency framework will apply to all Parties, with flexibility in light of capacities. This paper highlights lessons learned from the existing transparency framework for mitigation that can help inform the development of modalities, procedures and guidelines for the enhanced transparency framework under the Paris Agreement. It outlines how clearer and more detailed reporting guidelines could be developed for communication of the mitigation components of NDCs and reporting on progress in their implementation and achievement, based on NDC type.
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2017/06
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The future enhanced transparency framework outlined in the Paris Agreement and its accompanying Decision is to build on, enhance and eventually supersede the existing measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) system established under the Cancún Agreements. This paper explores the issues of “building on” and “enhancing” as they relate to the biennial reporting of information on mitigation and finance, by drawing lessons from the existing MRV system and examining the Paris Agreement’s provisions. It examines four areas: greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories, reporting on progress with the mitigation component of nationally determined contributions (NDCs), finance provided and mobilised, and financial support received and needed. The paper also highlights the challenges met by Parties while reporting information for these areas to date, and provides suggestions on how forthcoming modalities, procedures and guidelines (MPGs) might reduce these difficulties.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2016/03
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: An enhanced transparency framework will be a central component of the post-2020 international climate policy regime under the Paris Agreement. This paper explores the issue of transparency of climate finance information in the context of climate finance goals under the United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The transparency framework of the Paris Agreement covers only a subset of climate finance, i.e. finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries, climate finance provided and mobilised by “other” countries for developing countries, as well as climate finance received by developing countries. This paper focuses on data collection, reporting and review of these elements, and explores how the transparency of information on climate finance provided and mobilised could be improved from current arrangements in order to meet the aims set out in the Paris Agreement.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2017/03
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Adaptation monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is an important step of the process of adapting to climate change, by enabling Parties to learn from climate risks and the effectiveness of adaptation measures, and increase accountability. While relatively few countries have designed and implemented a national M&E system for adaptation, a number of countries have indicated in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) that they are developing one or plan to do so. National systems for M&E of adaptation are tailored to domestic circumstances, priorities and capacities. Several bilateral and multilateral support channels aim to address information gaps and capacity and resource constraints, which can be limiting factors to building national M&E systems for adaptation. The processes and results of such systems may help provide relevant information to assess progress towards the global goal on adaptation under the UNFCCC.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Water: It’s all or nothing
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics ; France
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 125
    Keywords: 2010 - 2015 ; Klimawandel ; Messung ; Umweltkosten ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Umweltpolitik ; Private Investition ; Schätzung ; Südafrika ; Environment ; South Africa ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study estimates and analyses publicly-mobilised private finance for climate action in South Africa, between 2010 and 2015. The mobilisation effect of public climate finance on private finance is first estimated through an analysis and attribution of project-level co-finance data. A pilot-methodology (the investor perspective) then expands the analysis to also incorporate the mobilisation effect of financial support provided by South African policies in two sectors: renewable energy and energy efficiency. Results suggest that, in the South African context, domestic public actors play the major mobilisation role by providing support through targeted policies, and to a lesser extent by committing project-level co-finance.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 126
    Keywords: Naturschutz ; Naturschutzgebiet ; Artenvielfalt ; Ökosystem ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper details a methodology for calculating the extent of terrestrial and marine protected areas recorded in the World Database on Protected Areas by country, type and IUCN management categories. The method allows the data on protected areas to be summarised in a harmonised and more detailed way than is currently available, without requiring any additional reporting by countries. When used in combination with other information about protected areas, this new indicator can help better understand the extent and focus of countries’ conservation efforts.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing | Bern : Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
    ISBN: 9789264265998
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Umweltprüfberichte
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Industry and Services ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Die Schweiz hat Schritte unternommen, um ihre Umweltleistungen im Landwirtschafts-, Energieund Verkehrsbereich zu verbessern. In Bezug auf die Treibhausgasemissionen zählt sie zu den Spitzenreitern unter den OECD-Ländern und sie verdient Anerkennung für ihren innovativen Ansatz zur Revitalisierung ihrer Fliessgewässer. Problematisch sind hingegen nicht nachhaltige Konsummuster und das hohe Siedlungsabfallaufkommen ebenso wie die hohen Anteile von gefährdeten Arten. Als wichtiges Finanzzentrum kommt der Schweiz zudem eine Schlüsselrolle in der Förderung von grünen Investitionen zu. Bei diesem Bericht handelt es sich um den dritten OECD-Prüfbericht für die Schweiz. Darin werden die Fortschritte in Bezug auf nachhaltige Entwicklung und umweltverträgliches Wachstum bewertet, wobei die Schwerpunkte auf der Wasserbewirtschaftung, der Erhaltung der Artenvielfalt und der nachhaltigen Nutzung von Ökosystemen liegen.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing | Bern : Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
    ISBN: 9789264286474
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.)
    Series Statement: Rapporto sulle performance ambientali
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Industry and Services ; Switzerland
    Abstract: La Svizzera ha fatto dei passi avanti verso il miglioramento delle performance ambientali dei settori agricolo, energetico e dei trasporti. Il Paese si è affermato tra i migliori Paesi dell’OCSE in termini d’intensità delle emissioni di gas serra e può essere lodato per il suo approccio innovativo nella rivitalizzazione della rete idrografica. Tuttavia, si possono constatare anche ambiti problematici, quali le abitudini di consumo non sostenibili, la produzione di un elevato volume di rifiuti urbani e le alte percentuali di specie minacciate. Quale importante piazza finanziaria, la Svizzera gioca un ruolo fondamentale nella promozione della finanza verde. Questo è il terzo rapporto sulle performance ambientali della Svizzera. Valuta i progressi compiuti verso uno sviluppo sostenibile e una crescita verde, con particolare riferimento alla gestione delle acque come pure alla conservazione e all’uso sostenibile della biodiversità.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288423
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Brazil
    Abstract: O relatório tem como principal foco a cobrança pelo uso de recursos hídricos no Brasil. Avalia o seu estado atual e os desafios de implementação. Proporciona orientações para o avanço da implementação da cobrança no País como instrumento econômico e financeiro de gestão, visando prevenir e responder a situações de conflito pelo uso da água e de poluição, contribuindo para a segurança hídrica, e, consequentemente, favorecendo o crescimento econômico e o bem-estar social. O relatório evidencia a necessidade de informações, a aproximação da cobrança ao planejamento da bacia e a aplicação eficiente dos recursos arrecadados. O relatório inclui uma avaliação de três estudos de caso: o Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a Bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e a Bacia do rio Piancó-Piranhas-Açu. Conclui com um plano de ação com etapas de implementação prática e delimitação de funções: quem pode fazer o quê para implementar as recomendações a curto, médio e longo prazo.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281554 , 9789264284296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Groundwater allocation
    Keywords: Grundwasser ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Grundwasser
    Abstract: Groundwater allocation determines who is able to use groundwater resources, how, when and where. It directly affects the value (economic, ecological, socio-cultural) that individuals and society obtain from groundwater, today and in the future. Building on the 2015 OECD publication Water Resources Allocation: Sharing Risks and Opportunities, this report focuses on groundwater and how its allocation can be improved in terms of economic efficiency, environmental effectiveness and social equity. Drawing on an analysis of groundwater’s distinctive features and nine case studies of groundwater allocation in a range of countries, the report provides practical policy guidance for groundwater allocation in the form of a "health check". This health check can be used to assess the performance of current arrangements and manage the transition towards improved allocation.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264284142
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This test guideline describes a test procedure to gain information on dispersion stability of manufactured nanomaterials in simulated environmental media. The main purpose of this guideline is to assess the ability of a nanomaterial to attain a colloidal dispersion and to conserve this dispersion under environmentally relevant conditions. The test procedure involves a dispersion of the nanomaterial with the aid of a calibrated sonication procedure and the determination of the mass concentration of the nanomaterial in a set of test vials while the particles undergo homoagglomeration and settling in environments of different hydrochemistry
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264284166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from short-term exposure to a test chemical by inhalation. It is a principle of the method that only moderately toxic concentrations are used so that ‘evident toxicity’, rather than death/moribundity is used as an endpoint, and concentrations that are expected to be lethal are avoided. Groups of animals of a single sex are exposed for a short period of time to the test chemical in a stepwise procedure using the appropriate fixed concentrations for vapours, dusts/mists (aerosols) or gases. Further groups of animals may be tested at higher concentrations in the absence of signs of evident toxicity or mortality at lower concentrations. This procedure continues until the concentration causing evident toxicity or no more than one death/ moribund animal is identified, or when no effects are seen at the highest concentration or when deaths/ moribundity occur at the lowest concentration. A total of five animals of one sex will normally be used for each concentration level investigated. The results of this study include: measurements (weighing at least weekly) and daily detailed observations, as well as gross necropsy. The method provides information on the hazardous properties and allows the substance to be classified for acute toxicity according to the Globally Harmonised System of classification and labelling of chemicals.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264284197
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette méthode fournit des informations sur le danger pour la santé humaine résultant de l’exposition à court terme à un produit chimique. Le principe de la méthode est que, dans l'étude principale, seules des concentrations modérément toxiques sont employées, et l'administration des concentrations supposées mortelles devrait être évitée. Des groupes d'animaux d'un même sexe sont exposés pendant une courte période au produit chimique d'essai suivant une procédure séquentielle, avec les concentrations prédéterminées appropriées pour les vapeurs, les poussières/brouillards (aérosols) ou gaz. D'autres groupes d'animaux peuvent être testés à des concentrations supérieures si aucun signe de toxicité manifeste n'est observé à une concentration moindre. Ce mode opératoire est poursuivi jusqu'à ce que soit atteinte une concentration qui provoque une toxicité manifeste ou la mort/l'état moribond d'un seul animal, lorsqu'aucun effet n'est observé à la concentration maximale, ou encore si des morts/états moribonds sont observés à la concentration la plus basse. Un total de cinq animaux d'un seul sexe est normalement employé pour chaque niveau de concentration étudié. Les résultats de cette étude incluent une pesée au moins une fois par semaine et des observations quotidiennes détaillées, de même qu’une autopsie générale. La méthode fournit des informations sur les propriétés dangereuses et permet à la substance d'être classée pour la toxicité aiguë selon le Système Général Harmonisé de Classification et d'Étiquetage des Produits Chimiques.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264284098
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice est une méthode d’essai en laboratoire destinée à évaluer la toxicité chronique par contact pendant une période d’exposition de 10 jours pour des ouvrières adultes. De jeunes abeilles (âgées de deux jours au maximum) sont nourries en continu et ad libitum avec une solution aqueuse de saccharose contenant le produit chimique d’essai pendant 10 jours. La mortalité et les comportements anormaux sont observés et notés quotidiennement. Les effets chroniques du produit chimique testé sont évalués en comparant les résultats du groupe traité à ceux du groupe témoin. Les effets suivants sont déterminés : la CL50 (concentration létale médiane) et de la LDD50 (dose alimentaire létale médiane) après 10 jours d’exposition ; la CSEO (concentration sans effet observé) et DASEO (dose alimentaire sans effet observé).
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264252202
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving domestic financial support mechanisms in Moldova's water and sanitation sector
    Keywords: Wasserwirtschaft ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Wasserpolitik ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Moldova, Republic of ; Moldawien ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Abwasserbeseitigung ; Entsorgungswirtschaft
    Abstract: The water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in Moldova is not financially sustainable: tariffs do not typically cover operational costs and capital investments are heavily funded by external development partners. This report analyses several options for streamlining and strengthening domestic financial support mechanisms (DFSMs) in terms of both supply and demand, discusses different scenarios and recommends a number of actions to ensure effective DFSM implementation, notably: 1) sufficient investment for the implementation of targets and obligations set in the national strategies, the Association Agreement with the EU, as well as Moldova’s international commitments (water-related Sustainable Development Goals, and the “Water-to-all” commitment); 2) the financial sustainability of operators; and 3) the affordability of WSS services for end-users, especially low-income segments of the population.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mobilising bond markets for a low-carbon transition
    Keywords: Emissionshandel ; EU-Emissionshandel ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Bericht ; Weltwirtschaft ; Kohlendioxidemission ; Reduktion ; Kreditmarkt
    Abstract: This report describes the development of the green bond market as an innovative instrument for green finance, and provides a review of policy actions and options to promote further market development and growth. Since 2007-08, so-called “green bonds” have emerged and the market has risen from USD 3 billion in 2011 to USD 95 billion in issuance in 2016. For policy makers, the report proposes a framework for understanding potential directions of bond market evolution, increased convergence of rules and definitions, and quantitative analysis of the potential contribution that bond markets can make to a low-carbon transition.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264268203 , 9789264268296 , 9789264294608
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE: Nouvelle-Zélande 2017 (Version abrégée)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; New Zealand
    Abstract: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews provide independent assessments of countries’ progress towards their environmental policy objectives. Reviews promote peer learning, enhance government accountability, and provide targeted recommendations aimed at improving environmental performance, individually and collectively. They are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data, and evidence-based analysis. Each cycle of Environmental Performance Reviews covers all OECD countries and selected partner economies. The most recent reviews include Chile and France (2016). This report is the third Environmental Performance Review of New Zealand. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on water resources management and sustainable urban development.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264271159 , 9789264271036 , 9789264295483
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (440 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La prochaine révolution de la production : Conséquences pour les pouvoirs publics et les entreprises
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The next production revolution
    Keywords: Produktionstechnik ; Produktionsprozess ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Welt ; Employment ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Bericht ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Produktinnovation
    Abstract: This publication examines the opportunities and challenges, for business and government, associated with technologies bringing about the “next production revolution”. These include a variety of digital technologies (e.g. the Internet of Things and advanced robotics), industrial biotechnology, 3D printing, new materials and nanotechnology. Some of these technologies are already used in production, while others will be available in the near future. All are developing rapidly. As these technologies transform the production and the distribution of goods and services, they will have far-reaching consequences for productivity, skills, income distribution, well-being and the environment. The more that governments and firms understand how production could develop in the near future, the better placed they will be to address the risks and reap the benefits.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264274792
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.229
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: In this document the importance of mechanistic consideration in quantitative structure-activity relationship ((Q)SAR) analysis, the critical role of mechanistic consideration in improving various (Q)SAR approaches and possible integrative approaches of combining chemoinformatics and bioinformatics are discussed, mainly using carcinogenicity as an illustrative toxicity endpoint. The principles and issues described in this document are general and may also be used for various types of chemical assessment. The intended target of readership is for global chemical hazard/risk assessors in regulatory agencies, industries, non-governmental organization and academia who require reliable and scientifically supportable (Q)SAR information and predictions in their assessments as well as for developers/researchers who endeavour to produce scientifically reliable (Q)SAR predictive models and tools.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274679
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.194
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This guidance document is part of the OECD effort to provide guidance for assessing the hazards of chemical substances while gaining efficiencies and improving animal welfare. The approach described in this guidance document is to consider closely related chemicals as a group, or category, rather than as individual chemicals. While the first edition was published in 2007, This edition has been augmented with experience and examples encountered in the OECD Cooperative Chemicals Assessment Programme, formerly the HPV Chemicals Programme since 2007, the second edition also intends to introduce new or revised guidance on: elaborating the analogue and category approach, quantitative and qualitative read-across, justifying read-across, using bioprofiling results for grouping chemicals, and specific types of category approaches (e.g. chemicals of variable composition, and metals).
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789264274822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.255
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: With a view to assisting the evaluation of integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) in regulatory decision-making within OECD Member Countries, this guidance document provides a set of principles for reporting defined approaches to testing and assessment that can be used as one of the components within IATA. Templates are also provided to enable a structured approach to their documentation in order to facilitate their evaluation. A defined approach to testing and assessment consists of a fixed data interpretation procedure (DIP) applied to data generated with a defined set of information sources to derive a result that can either be used on its own, or together with other information sources within an IATA, to satisfy a specific regulatory need. Thus, a defined approach to testing and assessment can be used to support the hazard identification, hazard characterisation and/or safety assessment of chemicals. This guidance is intended to be used alongside similar guidance aimed at harmonising the reporting of other IATA components such as QSARs, grouping and read-across strategies, and non-guideline in vitro methods.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade and environment working papers 2017, 01
    Keywords: Environment ; Trade ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report provides an analysis of how climate change damages may affect international trade in the coming decades and how international trade can help limit the costs of climate change. It analyses the impacts of climate change on trade considering both direct effects on infrastructure and transport routes and the indirect economic impacts resulting from changes in endowments and production. A qualitative analysis with a literature review is used to present the direct effects of climate change. The indirect impacts of climate change damages on trade are analysed with the OECD’s ENV-Linkages model, a dynamic computable general equilibrium model with global coverage and sector-specific international trade flows. By building on the analysis in the OECD (2015) report "The Economic Consequences of Climate Change", the modelling analysis presents a plausible scenario of future socioeconomic developments and climate damages, to shed light on the mechanisms at work in explaining how climate change will affect trade.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 115
    Keywords: Wasser ; Infrastrukturversorgung ; Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In this paper, the term multi-purpose water infrastructure (MPWI) encompasses all man-made water systems, including dams, dykes, reservoirs and associated irrigation canals and water supply networks, which may be used for more than one purpose (for economic, social and environmental activities). While MPWI plays a significant role in the socio-economic development and ensuring water, food and energy security of many countries (not least in water-stressed Central Asia), many MPWI projects face various challenges. These including unsustainability of business models for financing, operation and maintenance, lower-than-expected performance or the emergence of unforeseen risks and negative externalities. This paper explores the complexity in designing, financing, regulating and managing MPWI projects, with the objective to inform policy and decision-making. It attempts to identify key issues related to managing MPWI, lessons learned from international experience and possible solutions to the challenges. It examines several principles, approaches and instruments to enhance the sustainability of MPWI, drawing on international experience. Finally, the paper identifies knowledge and experience gaps, needs for further research and possible areas of future work.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 121
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Risikomanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Climate change will affect all types of infrastructure, including energy, transport and water. Rising temperatures, increased flood risk and other potential hazards will threaten the reliable and efficient operation of these networks, with potentially large economic and social impacts. Decisions made now about the design, location and operation of infrastructure will determine how resilient they will be to a changing climate. This paper provides a framework for action aimed at national policymakers in OECD countries to help them ensure new and existing infrastructure is resilient to climate change. It examines national governments’ action in OECD countries, and provides recent insights from professional and industry associations, development banks and other financial institutions on how to make infrastructure more resilient to climate change.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 95 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 123
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; G20-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper undertakes econometric analysis to assess the impacts of climate mitigation policies and the quality of the investment environment on investment and innovation in renewable power in OECD and G20 countries. It also assesses how countries’ investment environments interact with climate mitigation policies to influence investment and patent activity in renewable power. The paper gathered and tested data across OECD and G20 countries on more than 70 explanatory variables, which were analysed using two Poisson-family regression models: one to investigate determinants of investment flows in renewable power from 2000 until 2014; and one to investigate determinants of patent counts in renewable-power technologies from 2000 until 2012. Results of the econometric analysis are consistent with the main hypothesis in this paper that beyond setting climate mitigation policies, policy makers need to strengthen the general investment environment and align it with climate mitigation policies in order to mobilise investment and innovation in renewable power across OECD and G20 countries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264781955
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.90
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides guidance to both industry and regulatory authorities on how procedures and data requirements can be applied to facilitate the submission of a complete data package/dossier for botanical active substances used in plant protection products, and the subsequent evaluation of this data package/dossier by the regulatory authorities. The document additionally provides a summary of the legal frameworks and registration procedures for botanical active substances as plant protection products in several OECD member countries.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264891043
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.260
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The OECD has been developing guidance documents and tools for the use of alternative methods such as (Q)SAR, chemical categories and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) as a part of Integrated Approaches for Testing and Assessment (IATA). However, there is a need for a systematic framework to characterise the individual biological and toxicological relevance of alternative methods in assessing chemicals in predicting toxicological endpoints. This framework could also inform their potential use in combination with other tools and methods to benefit from an integrated approach by applying mechanistic knowledge and understanding. This document outlines an approach for the use of the AOP concept in developing IATA. It builds upon the workshop held in 2014 on a framework for the development and use of IATA and experience to date with the development of IATA.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2017/04
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Discussions relating to the 2018 Facilitative Dialogue (FD2018), mandated under the Paris Agreement, are on-going. These discussions are on the scope, inputs, and modalities of the FD2018 as well as any outputs or outcomes from the FD2018. While the mandate of the FD2018 does not explicitly call for outputs or outcomes, identifying outcomes and outputs ex ante could be useful in focusing discussions and inputs to the facilitative dialogue, as well as in shaping its modalities. The objective of this paper is to highlight the implications of agreeing and identifying specific outputs and outcomes ex ante, and exploring what type of outputs and outcomes would best serve the interests of the FD2018. This document also identifies key questions that could guide decision-making on what modalities would be appropriate for the FD2018; however, identification of options for specific modalities of FD2018 are out of the scope of this paper.
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