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  • 2010-2014  (95)
  • 2010  (95)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (95)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Paris
  • Governance  (95)
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  • 2010-2014  (95)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264077256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development in the Middle East and North Africa
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Supporting investment policy and governance reforms in Iraq
    RVK:
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Investitionsrecht ; Internationales Investitionsrecht ; Korruption ; Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Irak ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Iraq ; Irak ; Investitionspolitik ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Internationale Politik
    Abstract: This publication reviews measures taken to support investment policy and governance reforms in Iraq. It finds that Iraqi parliamentary elections, held without major security incidents in March 2010, are the latest in a series of indicators suggesting that the country may be achieving greater stability in governance and security - a key prerequisite for foreign and domestic investment, growth and job creation. Furthermore, the business environment is gradually improving as a result of an ongoing institutional capacity building process supported by the international community. The MENA-OECD Initiative on Governance and Investment for Development is part of this effort, playing a key role in building the capacity of the National Investment Commission and its one-stop shop for investment licensing. The Initiative has helped raise awareness on corruption and bribery issues, provided training for the negotiators of international agreements, and advised on implementing regulations for the landmark Investment Law of 2006. This publication examines these issues, and MENA-OECD involvement in advancing them, for the period 2007-2008.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264084490
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Großbritannien ; Governance ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Regulierung ; Volkswirtschaft
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for the United Kingdom, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264058385
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governing Regional Development Policy; The Use of Performance Indicators
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport passe en revue les défis et les opportunités associés à la conception et à l’utilisation de systèmes d’indicateurs dans le contexte de la gouvernance pluriniveaux. Il met à profit l’expérience acquise par plusieurs pays de l’OCDE et consacre un examen plus poussé aux cas de l’Italie, du Royaume-Uni (Angleterre), des États-Unis et de l’Union européenne. Ce rapport s’appuie sur les précédents travaux de l’OCDE concernant la gouvernance des politiques de développement régional. Il applique aux systèmes d’indicateurs de performances les enseignements qu’on a pu tirer sur les relations contractuelles entre les différents niveaux d’administration.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076921
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Tax Expenditures in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation
    Abstract: Dans tous les pays de l’OCDE, l’administration collecte ses recettes par le biais de l’impôt et redistribue cet argent public, souvent sous la forme de dépenses obligatoires allouées à des programmes sociaux d’éducation ou de santé. Le système d’imposition inclut généralement des « dépenses fiscales » – c'est-à-dire des dispositions qui permettent à certaines catégories de contribuables, comme les dirigeants de petites entreprises, les retraités, les mères qui ont un emploi ou encore les personnes ayant réalisé certaines actions, telles que des dons à des œuvres caritatives, de payer moins d’impôts. L’usage des dépenses fiscales par les administrations se répand et croît. Alors que nous traversons une période où les budgets nationaux sont sous la menace du vieillissement des populations et d’évolutions cycliques défavorables, il devient urgent d’éviter les programmes publics inefficaces, dont certains peuvent recourir aux dépenses fiscales. Cet ouvrage étudie l’emploi des dépenses fiscales dans 10 pays de l’OCDE : Allemagne, Canada, Corée, Espagne, États-Unis, France, Japon, Pays-Bas, Suède et Royaume-Uni. Il aidera les hauts fonctionnaires et le public à mieux comprendre certaines des questions politiques et techniques qui sous-tendent le recours aux dépenses fiscales. Il met en lumière les tendances clés et les pratiques fructueuses, et traite d’un large éventail de questions budgétaires nationales telles que l’élaboration de la politique fiscale, l’efficacité des impôts et du budget, la responsabilisation budgétaire et l’établissement des règles.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264082205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Italy
    Abstract: This OECD review of risk management policies focuses on the Italian civil protection system and its means to prepare for and react to earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, landslides and even volcanoes. The Italian National Civil Protection Service can rapidly mobilise operational resources for emergency management and recovery both at home, throughout Europe and around the world. Its components constantly research known hazards to better understand and model vulnerabilities, while technical experts co-operate in real time to monitor events as they unfold and operate the early warning systems. These professionals are supported by a highly organised and motivated volunteer service unseen elsewhere in OECD countries. What makes these many parts of the civil protection system work as one effective whole, however, is its governance structure under the direct authority of the Italian Prime Minister. Recent years have seen a steep increase in the frequency and economic impacts of disasters, and Italy has been no exception. In addition to increased seasonal variance linked to climate change, the devastating earthquakes around L’Aquilla in 2009 make Italy a case study for policy-makers, emergency management practitioners, academics and international organisations who are searching for solutions, notably in the areas of disaster damage reduction policies. The Italian civil protection system offers a rich source of best practices for their consideration. The National Department of Civil Protection in particular, as the hub of the National Civil Protection Service, provides a model of professionalism and leadership. The review report also identifies many challenges facing the Italian civil protection system and areas where improvements are still needed.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264087828
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Schweden ; Governance ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Regulierung ; Schweden ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Sweden, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264082076
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Progress in public management in the Middle East and North Africa
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Neues Steuerungsmodell ; MENA-Staaten ; Governance ; Naher Osten ; Nordafrika ; Verwaltung
    Abstract: The MENA-OECD Governance Programme supports public sector reform in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. Since its inception in 2003, the programme has helped the region to improve institutions for good governance through continuous policy review and reform. The need to accelerate economic growth has been the primary impetus, but MENA governments are increasingly implementing reform to improve public sector performance and to meet citizens’ needs for higher quality education and health care, a safer and cleaner environment, and transparent and responsive government. Going forward, reforms will also be driven by equity and sustainability concerns. This report offers a perspective on the progress made in public management in the MENA region since 2005. It reviews achievements in implementing public governance reform in nine areas: human resource management, public finance, integrity, regulation and law drafting, administrative simplification, e-government, public-private partnerships, gender, and water resource management. The report presents case studies on key policy reforms and outlines common characteristics across the region as well as the specific conditions and circumstances in MENA countries and economies.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076549
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regions Matter; Economic Recovery, Innovation and Sustainable Growth
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Pourquoi certaines régions ont-elles une croissance plus rapide que d’autres qui ne se conforme pas toujours aux théories économiques ? Celles-ci sont des questions centrales dans le climat économique actuel où les décideurs cherchent des moyens pour stimuler une nouvelle croissance durable. L’analyse de l’OCDE suggère qu’il n’y a pas de modèle unique pour la politique régionale et donc les manières par lesquelles les régions se développent sont très variées. Pour assurer une croissance à long terme ce n’est pas suffisant de concentrer les ressources au bon endroit. S’appuyant sur des travaux récents de l’OCDE, notamment sur une analyse de données régionales, des examens des politiques et des études de cas, ce rapport soutient que ce sont à la fois la façon dont les investissements sont réalisés, les atouts régionaux utilisés et les synergies exploitées qui vont déterminer les différences entre régions. L’investissement public doit faire des priorités sur les impacts de la croissance de la productivité à plus long terme et associer les mesures de façon intégrée. Ceci souligne l’importance des régions et de la politique régionale dans la croissance économique et encourage une nouvelle approche des réformes économiques.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264086081
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Finland
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regierung ; Governance-Ansatz ; Finnland ; Governance ; Finland ; Finnland ; Politische Steuerung ; Verwaltung
    Abstract: Finland’s traditional Nordic model is under pressure: A rapidly ageing society, the global economic crisis and growing societal disillusionment require the public administration to be strategically agile in order to maintain fiscal sustainability and to respond to a complex and rapidly changing environment. The government’s capacity to act in these difficult times will depend on the public administration’s ability to work together – across all of the public administration at the state and local level, and with society as a whole – in order to sustain success and maintain its global position in the future. This report is the second in a series of OECD country reviews that look at governance and public management issues from a comprehensive perspective. These reviews help countries to identify how reforms can better reinforce each other in support of overall government objectives. They also examine reform strategies that have worked in other countries and provide advice as to which reforms can be appropriately adapted to a given country.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264090088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Standortfaktor ; Guangdong ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic ; Guangdong ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Standortfaktor
    Abstract: Located on the southern coast of China, Guangdong is the country’s most populous and rich province. It has 95.4 million inhabitants and provides one-eighth of the national GDP. A key development feature of Guangdong has been “processing trade”, which has allowed companies to profit from importing materials, assembling goods and exporting them via Hong Kong, China. The recent economic crisis has had a strong impact on the province, although Guangdong also faces in-depth structural problems. Growing labour costs and strain on land availability have increasingly challenged the province’s traditional model of development, as have new competitors in China and abroad. Meanwhile, regional disparities within the province have increased, with a high concentration of economic activities and foreign direct investment in the Pearl River Delta area, an agglomeration of nine prefectures of 47.7 million inhabitants that represents 79.4% of the province’s total GDP. This review assesses Guangdong’s current approach to economic development. The province is focusing on industrial policies primarily aimed at heavy manufacturing industries (e.g. automobile, shipbuilding, petrochemicals) and supported by investment in hard infrastructure transport projects and energy supply, along with the implementation of the “Double Relocation” policies intended to move lower value-added factories to lagging regions through incentive mechanisms like industrial parks. The review discusses how some principles of the OECD regional paradigm could help Guangdong. It also addresses the huge environmental challenges that the province is facing and explores the opportunity for developing a green growth strategy. Strategies to improve Guangdong’s governance are analysed as well, with particular attention paid to co-ordination issues within the Pearl River Delta. The Territorial Review of Guangdong is integrated into a series of thematic reviews on regions undertaken by the OECD Territorial Development Policy Committee. The overall aim of these case studies is to draw and disseminate horizontal policy recommendations for regional and national governments.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264085961
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Better Regulation in Europe; Germany 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Better Regulation in Europe: Germany 2010
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: Wie wichtig eine wirkungsvolle Rechtsetzung ist, zeigt sich heute, nach dem schwersten Konjunkturabschwung seit der Großen Depression, deutlicher denn je. Doch wie kann bessere Rechtsetzung die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Aussichten der Länder im Einzelnen verbessern, dauerhaftes Wachstum fördern und die Widerstandsfähigkeit der Volkswirtschaften stärken? Was genau ist wirkungsvolle Rechtsetzung? Wie sollte sich die Politik für bessere Rechtsetzung im kommenden Jahrzehnt gestalten und in welche Richtung sollte sie gehen? Um auf diese Fragen zu antworten, hat die OECD in Partnerschaft mit der Europäischen Kommission ein großes Projekt zur Prüfung der Bemühungen um bessere Rechtsetzung in 15 in der Europäischen Union vertretenen OECD-Ländern – darunter auch Deutschland – gestartet. In jedem Bericht werden die zentralen Elemente dargestellt und analysiert, die zusammengenommen für ein effektives Regulierungsmanagement sorgen, womit ein Rahmen für die künftige Entwicklung von Regulierungspolitik und -reform aufgezeichnet wird. Untersucht werden u.a. folgende Fragen: · Strategien und Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung des Regulierungsmanagements · Institutionelle Kapazitäten für wirkungsvolle Rechtsetzung und allgemeiner Kontext der politischen Entscheidungsfindung · Transparenz und Verfahren für wirkungsvolle Konsultation und Kommunikation mit der Öffentlichkeit · Verfahren für die Ausarbeitung neuer Rechtsvorschriften, wie z.B. Folgenabschätzungen, und für den Umgang mit dem Regelungsbestand, einschließlich der Frage der Bürokratielasten · Rechtsbefolgungsgrad, Rechtsvollzug und Rechtsmittel · Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen Verwaltungsebenen sowie zwischen nationalen und EU-Verfahren Die Teilnehmerländer sind: Belgien, Dänemark, Deutschland, Finnland, Frankreich, Griechenland, Irland, Italien, Luxemburg, Niederlande, Österreich, Portugal, Schweden, Spanien und Vereinigtes Königreich.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264084544
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: 환황해권은 중국 북부 해안지역(환발해만), 한국의 남해안과 서해안 지역, 일본 서남 해안지역(규슈)을 포괄한다. 1990년대 초반에 중국이 개방된 이후, 환황해권은 광범위한 제조·운송네트워크를기반으로동아시아에서가장급속도로경제성장을이룩하고있는지역이다 중국의다롄 칭다오 톈진과한국의부산 인천 그리고일본의후쿠오카 기타큐슈가이지역의발전을주도하고있다 그러나환황해권은보유한자산과성장잠재력을충분히활용하지못하고있다 지역내과도한경쟁과미흡한거버넌스시스템구축으로인하여경제통합은큰진전을보이지못하고있다 이지역의운송체제 특히컨테이너운송시장이통합되기위해서는구조적변화가필요하다 사회적·문화적네트워크강화도여전히풀어나가야할과제로남아있고 환경문제역시중요한의제로점차대두되고있다 본보고서는이러한요인들을분석하고 환황해권의경쟁력과통합향상을위한다양한정책을평가한다 본보고서는특히1990년대이후지역정책의핵심의제로떠오르고있는환황해권의초국경적거버넌스체계를검토한다 지역당국간화합은경제성장을도모하고역내다양한문제를해결하기위한전제조건이된다 유럽의OECD 회원국간초국경적협력과북미국가간초국경적협력에대한비교분석도부록에기술되어있다 본보고서는초국경적개발혹은아시아경제개발을목적으로활동하는정책입안자 연구원 비정부기구의관심을충족시켜줄것이다 환황해권내초국경적도시간협력에관한지역정책보고서는OECD 지역개발정책위원회(Territorial Development Policy Committee)가담당하는국가지역정책보고서프로그램의일부이다 지역정책보고서시리즈는국가중앙정부에실질적인정책조언을제공하는일을목적으로한다 과거초국경적협력사례연구로는외레순덴마크스웨덴 지역과비엔나브라티슬라바오스트리아슬로바키아가있다.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264079410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews Toronto, Canada 2009
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Standortfaktor ; Toronto (Region) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada ; Toronto Region ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Standortpolitik ; Standortfaktor
    Abstract: OECD's Territorial Review of Toronto, Canada. It finds that the Toronto region is one of the chief economic powerhouses of Canada, generating almost one-fifth of national GDP and 45% of Ontario’s GDP. The region is home to 40% of Canada’s business headquarters and is a main manufacturing hub, with major automotive, biomedical and electronics companies. Toronto is also one of the most diverse metropolitan regions in the world: half of its population is foreign born and it hosted 40% of all immigrants to Canada during 2001-2006. Nevertheless, the region’s current economic development model is under pressure and its economic performance has been mixed in recent years. From 1995 to 2005, GDP per capita and GDP growth rates were below the Canadian average while its annual economic and labour productivity growth were lower than the average for OECD metropolitan regions. During this period, population growth boosted demand in the construction, sales and retail, professional and financial services sectors. However, the recent decline in the area’s manufacturing jobs has illustrated the structural difficulties of some traditionally strong areas, such as the automotive and electronics industries. This Review proposes a new sustainable competitiveness agenda to enhance productivity, focusing on innovation, cultural diversity and infrastructure, as well as on green policies. To implement such an agenda, the Review proposes improving the current governance framework by intensifying strategic planning at the level of the Toronto region.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264083523
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews. Rapporto su Venezia Metropoli
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews Venice, Italy 2010
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsförderung ; Venedig ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: This Review of Venice, Italy, offers a comprehensive assessment of the city-region’s economy and the extent to which its land use, labour market and environmental policies embrace a metropolitan vision. A new understanding of the provinces of Padua, Treviso and Venice as an interconnected city-region of 2.6 million people guides this study. Venice ranks as among the most dynamic and productive city-regions in the OECD, with high employment levels and growth rates. Though it has thrived on a model of small firms and industrial clusters, it is undergoing a deep economic transformation. Venice confronts growing environmental challenges as a result of rising traffic congestion and costly infrastructure pressures, exacerbated by sprawl. Demographics are also changing, due to ageing inhabitants, immigrant settlement and the rapid depopulation of the historic city of Venice. This report offers a comparative analysis of these issues, utilising the OECD’s metropolitan database to benchmark productivity and growth. It draws on regional economics, urban planning, transportation studies and hydrology to throw light on the changes within the city-region. In light of planned inter-city rail extensions, the Review calls for programmes to increase economic synergies between Venice and its neighbours. It evaluates key tools for promoting economic growth and metropolitan governance and proposes enhanced co-ordination of land use policies, additional business development services for small and medium-sized businesses, and the enlargement of university-linked innovation. Given frequent flooding, the report appraises the quality of metropolitan water governance and Venice’s potential to become a powerful reference for climate change adaptation.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264048782
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als High-growth enterprises
    RVK:
    Keywords: KMU ; Unternehmenswachstum ; Innovationsmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Brazil ; Entrepreneurship ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Unternehmensentwicklung ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Innovationsförderung ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: The spectacular success of several well-known new ventures in technological fields, which in little more than a decade have jumped from the state of start-ups to that of top international businesses, has pointed to innovation as a key factor in the high growth of firms. These high-growth enterprises often drive job creation and innovation, so policy makers are increasingly making such companies a key focus. Specifically, how can government policy foster the creation of more high-growth enterprises; what are the growth factors, and how can they be leveraged; what are the appropriate ways to provide such support? To help answer these questions, this report presents findings from two new research studies: (1) reports from 15 countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Tunisia) that provide interesting insights into the operations of and challenges faced by high-growth enterprises; (2) a policy survey by the OECD Working Party on SMEs and Entrepreneurship, which reviewed more than 340 programmes that policy makers in 24 countries have put in place to support the growth of enterprises. Some of this report’s findings may surprise: any firm can be a growth company; growth is almost always a temporary phase; high-growth small firms are funded mostly by debt, not equity. These and many more insights are summarised and analysed, providing policy makers with ideas on how to power growth at the firm level.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264087026
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cutting Costs in Chemicals Management; How OECD Helps Governments and Industry
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cutting Costs in Chemicals Management: How OECD Helps Governments and Industry
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: L’industrie chimique, qui comprend les produits chimiques industriels, les produits pharmaceutiques, les pesticides, les additifs alimentaires et les cosmétiques, est l’un des plus grands secteurs industriels mondiaux. Nombre de produits chimiques font l’objet d’échanges internationaux. Des exigences différentes selon les pays peuvent être à l’origine d’efforts redondants et de coûts significatifs pour l’industrie chimique, et peuvent créer des obstacles aux échanges. En convenant de méthodes d’essais et de la qualité à atteindre en matière de données et en partageant la charge de travail que représentent les essais et évaluations de sécurité des produits chimiques, les pays obtiennent ensemble des résultats écologiquement durables et économiquement efficaces. Pour les essais d’hygiène et de sécurité non cliniques, par exemple, les résultats des études réalisées sur un produit chimique dans un pays de l’OCDE doivent être acceptés par les autres, du moment qu’elles ont été menées conformément aux Lignes directrices de l’OCDE pour les essais et aux Principes de l’OCDE relatifs aux bonnes pratiques de laboratoire. L’industrie chimique peut ainsi éviter les dépenses occasionnées par la duplication des essais pour des produits commercialisés dans plusieurs pays. Ce rapport analyse le système rigoureux et complet d’évaluation et de gestion des produits chimiques, qui aide les pouvoirs publics et les industriels à économiser près de 150 millions EUR par an grâce à un « partage de la charge de travail » auquel l’OCDE apporte son concours.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264073050
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Financial Crisis; Reform and Exit Strategies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Financial Crisis: Reform and Exit Strategies
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Suite à la crise financière, les gouvernements ont dû intervenir de façon draconienne sur leurs systèmes financiers. Cette publication énonce les priorités de réforme des avantages dont bénéficient les marchés financiers ainsi que les moyens d’éliminer progressivement ces mesures d’urgence.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264086968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux légiférer en Europe ; France 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux légiférer en Europe : France 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
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    Keywords: Regulierung ; Frankreich ; Governance ; France ; Frankreich ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for France, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264082052
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Catalonia, Spain
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    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Katalonien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Katalonien ; Innovationsförderung
    Abstract: This review of regional innovation assesses how to improve Catalonia's current strategy and actions in order to boost its innovation system through both its own programmes and those of Spain and the European Union. It finds that with over seven million inhabitants and a GDP of around EUR 204 billion, Catalonia is not only an important region within Spain, but within the OECD as well. Indeed, its economic output is similar to countries like Portugal and Norway. The region experienced massive population growth over the past decade, due to immigration, which in part drove GDP growth. However, Catalonia’s productivity is slipping, relative to other OECD regions, necessitating the transition to a productivity-driven growth model through a stronger regional innovation system. The region has successfully strengthened its research base, with investments in R&D having increased four-fold over the past decade. Catalonia is now mobilising actors across the innovation system in regional centres, such as Barcelona, to improve productivity and address social challenges.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264089754
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Cutting Red Tape
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pourquoi la simplification administrative est-elle si compliquée? ; Perspectives au-delà de 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pourquoi la simplification administrative est-elle si compliquée? : Perspectives au-delà de 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Why is administrative simplification so complicated?
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    Keywords: Verwaltungsreform ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; OECD ; Verwaltungsreform ; Verwaltungsvereinfachung
    Abstract: “Too much ‘red tape’!” is one of the most common complaints from businesses and citizens in OECD countries. Administrative simplification is a regulatory quality tool to review and reduce administrative and regulatory procedures. It has remained high on the agenda in most OECD countries over the last decade and continues to be so. Countries’ efforts to strengthen their competitiveness, productivity and entrepreneurship during the current recession have made simplification efforts even more urgent. Until now, efforts to reduce administrative burdens have primarily been driven by ambitions to improve the cost efficiency of administrative regulations, as these impose direct and indirect costs on regulated subjects. Many countries will finish their current projects over the next few years and must decide how to continue their efforts and how to make them more efficient. This report looks beyond 2010 and presents policy options for administrative simplification that are in line with current trends and developments. It provides policy makers with guidance on the available tools and explains common mistakes to be avoided when designing, undertaking and evaluating administrative simplification programmes.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264095113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux légiférer en Europe ; Luxembourg 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux légiférer en Europe : Luxembourg 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
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    Keywords: Regulierung ; Luxemburg ; Governance ; Luxembourg ; Luxemburg ; Wirtschaft ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Luxembourg, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264094772
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
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    Keywords: Regulierung ; Österreich ; Governance ; Austria ; Österreich ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Austria, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264087859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
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    Keywords: Regulierung ; Belgien ; Governance ; Belgium ; Belgien ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Belgium, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264095090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
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    Keywords: Regulierung ; Irland ; Governance ; Ireland ; Irland ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for the Ireland, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.45
    Keywords: Governance ; European Union
    Abstract: How do Member States regulate their national public procurement systems below the EU thresholds and in areas not regulated in detail by the EU Directives? This paper provides the reader with an overview of different national policies, rules and procedures and presents common features and patterns in the regulatory approach of the countries covered. It will help Sigma partner countries design efficient and sound legal frameworks also outside the scope of the EU Directives. It may as well be of interest to the Member States themselves and to the international procurement community at large.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264067264
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Italy
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    Keywords: Regulierung ; Italien ; Governance ; Italy ; Italien ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This review presents a general picture of the overall regulatory reform frameworks in Italy, examining quality regulation, competition policy and professional services. The review also offers a special focus on multi-level governance, where key issues include local public services, commercial distribution, local transport and energy. The review finds that Italy has made significant progress using regulatory reform since the first OECD review in 2001. Administrative simplification and the increasing role of competition policy, combined with devolution of state powers to regions, have helped. But there are still key challenges for regulatory policy and its implementation, including enforcement, capacity in the civil service, impact analysis for evidence-based decision-making, and building a culture of consultation. The current global economic crisis is an opportunity for Italy to further clarify how the state intervenes in the economy, to improve multi-level co-ordination, and to expand competition in specific sectors.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264096066 , 9789264079663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guide pour le développement des politiques de consommation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Consumer policy toolkit
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    Keywords: Verbraucherschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Verbraucherpolitik
    Abstract: The markets for goods and services have undergone significant changes over the past 20 years. Regulatory reform, global markets, new technologies and growth in the role of services in economic activity have driven the changes which, in many instances, have provided significant benefits to consumers. Relatively little attention has been paid to the challenges these developments have posed for consumers. More choice and more complexity in many markets have made it increasingly difficult for them to compare and assess the value of products and services. The challenges for consumers have raised similar challenges for the government authorities responsible for protecting them from unfair commercial practices and fraud. This book examines how markets have evolved and provides insights for improved consumer policy making. It explores, for the first time, how what we have learned through the study of behavioural economics is changing the way policy makers are addressing problems.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264031104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good governance for digital policies
    Keywords: Wissensgesellschaft ; Informationstechnik ; Digitale Spaltung ; Technologiepolitik ; Spanien ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Spain
    Abstract: Plan Avanza, Spain’s national Information Society strategy, has created a strong momentum for furthering information society (IS) policy in Spain, mobilising close to EUR 9 billion over four years from national, sub-national and non‑governmental stakeholders. But what have these important investments contributed to wider societal goals such as public sector modernisation and increasing citizens’ trust in government; creating job opportunities and preparing a future work force for a competitive, globalised economy; supporting economic reform; improving citizens’ welfare and promoting equity? This report takes inventory of the Plan’s main achievements thus far and its remaining challenges for the future, reflecting on how its next phase (2010-2015) can best serve society. In particular, the report looks at how Plan Avanza has helped integrate citizens, business and the public administration into the knowledge economy. It identifies areas on which Spain should continue to work: convergence with EU and OECD countries’ levels of access to and use of ICT; growth of the ICT sector; and development of e-government services. The experiences of Spain and other OECD countries suggest that building a strong policy and governance framework is key for the success of IS policies. Indeed, to increase the impact of IS strategies policy makers must continuously look for ways to improve the performance of these frameworks. This can include identifying potential co‑ordination gaps between stakeholders and leveraging existing institutions; ensuring that policy sequencing contributes to strategic objectives; strengthening funding mechanisms and incentive structures for stakeholders; and improving evaluation and oversight. Using Plan Avanza as a case study, this study highlights the importance of each of these factors in maximizing the impact, and improving cost-effectiveness, of IS strategies in times of growing fiscal constraints.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056664
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Gouvernement d'entreprise
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Accountability and Transparency; A Guide for State Ownership
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Accountability and Transparency: A Guide for State Ownership
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Corporate Governance ; Rechnungslegung ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Benchmarking ; Staatsaufsicht
    Abstract: Ce Guide a été élaboré pour faciliter la mise en œuvre concrète des Lignes directrices de l’OCDE sur le gouvernement d’entreprise des entreprises publiques dans les domaines de la transparence et de la reddition de comptes. Il propose aux responsables de l’action publique des solutions viables ainsi qu’une feuille de route décrivant pas à pas comment aborder les difficultés, les risques et les obstacles qu’ils sont susceptibles de rencontrer. Il contient en outre des exemples concrets de bonnes pratiques pouvant servir de référence et de source d’inspiration. Le Guide apportera une aide aux responsables gouvernementaux, aux entreprises dont l’État est actionnaire et à d’autres parties prenantes souhaitant évaluer les pratiques existantes et appuyer les réformes. Dans la plupart des pays, l’amélioration de la transparence et de la reddition de comptes dans les entreprises publiques soulève un certain nombre de défis complexes. Les relever, ce qui sera une tâche plus facile grâce à ce Guide, sera une étape décisive du processus visant à faire en sorte que les entreprises publiques soient convenablement dirigées et économiquement saines.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264086296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Making reform happen
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    Keywords: Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Economics ; Strukturreform ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Strukturwandel
    Abstract: OECD countries have made significant reform progress in recent decades, in fields as diverse as competition policy, health care and the environment. How have they done it? And why have reforms advanced in some places and stalled in others? This collection of essays analyses the reform experiences of the 30 OECD countries in nine major policy domains in order to identify lessons, pitfalls and strategies that may help foster policy reform in the future. While taking full account of the tremendous differences in the political and institutional settings in which these reforms were undertaken, the authors highlight a number of common challenges and potential solutions that hold good across both countries and issue areas. They show that the scope for cross-national policy learning is enormous. The importance of such reform lessons is all the greater in the wake of the global financial and economic crisis. As OECD governments confront the challenge of trying to restore public finances to health without undermining the recovery, they will need to pursue a careful mix of fiscal policies and growth-enhancing structural reforms. Designing, adopting and implementing such a policy mix will require the crafting of effective reforms and effective strategies for implementing them.
    Note: Enth. 10 Beitr. - Literaturangaben
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264082175
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Rural Policy Reviews; Québec, Canada 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Québec, Canada 2010
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada
    Abstract: Dans le Québec rural, en moyenne, la population augmente, le revenu des ménages progresse et le tissu économique continue de se diversifier. L’occupation du territoire y est plus homogène que dans le reste du Canada, compte tenu des réseaux plus denses de petites et moyennes collectivités. Toutefois, à l’image de la situation nationale, la province affiche d’importantes disparités régionales, et la viabilité de certaines localités rurales, surtout si elles sont difficiles d’accès et tributaires des ressources naturelles, est menacée par le déclin démographique et économique. Aussi le Québec a-t-il élaboré une approche figurant parmi les plus abouties à l’échelle de l’OCDE, qui cadre avec le nouveau paradigme rural (NPR). Sans se limiter à des préoccupations sectorielles, la politique rurale provinciale vise l’autonomisation des collectivités et l’occupation du territoire. Pour optimiser la rentabilité de ses investissements en matière de politique rurale, le Québec doit intégrer plus résolument le développement social avec le développement économique et entrepreneurial, tout en redoublant d’efforts pour mettre l’échelon supralocal au coeur des stratégies de développement rural et territorial. Des mesures de stabilisation sont aussi à prévoir dans les zones en retard, moyennant l’accumulation de capital humain et un meilleur accès aux terres dans les territoires essentiellement ruraux. Face aux défis environnementaux, il importe de protéger les aménités naturelles dans les espaces périmétropolitains comme dans les zones reculées. Dans l’ensemble, le cas du Québec peut constituer un exemple pour les décideurs confrontés à des problèmes tels que l’éloignement, la dépendance des collectivités à l’égard des ressources naturelles et le développement des capacités dans les zones rurales. Ce cas intéressera également les universitaires et les étudiants.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264091375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cities and climate change
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    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Stadt ; Kommunalpolitik ; Kommunalverwaltung ; OECD-Staaten ; Klima ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Klima ; Klimakatastrophe ; Klimaveränderung ; Klimawandel ; Stadt ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: As the hubs of economic activity, cities drive the vast majority of the world’s energy use and are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Because they are home to major infrastructure and highly concentrated populations, cities are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels, warmer temperatures and fiercer storms. At the same time, better urban planning and policies can reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions and improve the resilience of urban infrastructure to climate change, thus shaping future trends. This book shows how city and metropolitan regional governments working in tandem with national governments can change the way we think about responding to climate change. The chapters analyse: trends in urbanisation, economic growth, energy use and climate change; the economic benefits of climate action; the role of urban policies in reducing energy demand, improving resilience to climate change and complementing global climate policies; frameworks for multilevel governance of climate change including engagement with relevant stakeholders; and the contribution of cities to “green growth”, including the “greening” of fiscal policies, innovation and jobs. The book also explores policy tools and best practices from both OECD and some non-member countries. Cities and Climate Change reveals the importance of addressing climate change across all levels of government. Local involvement through “climate-conscious” urban planning and management can help achieve national climate goals and minimise tradeoffs between environmental and economic priorities at local levels. The book will be relevant to policy makers, researchers, and others with an interest in learning more about urbanisation and climate change policy.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264084568
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
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    Keywords: Regulierung ; Niederlande ; Governance ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Regulierung ; Volkswirtschaft
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for the Netherlands, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264079687
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Consumer Policy Toolkit
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les marchés des biens et services ont beaucoup changé au cours des 20 dernières années. Les réformes des régulations, les marchés internationaux, de nouvelles technologies, et un rôle plus proéminent des services dans l’activité économique – tout cela a servi de moteur à des changements bien souvent bénéfiques pour les consommateurs. La variété et la complexité accrue de nombreux marchés font qu’il est de plus en plus difficile de comparer et de déterminer la valeur des biens et services. Les défis auxquels font face les consommateurs ont créé des défis similaires pour les autorités gouvernementales chargées de les protéger contre la fraude et les pratiques commerciales injustes. Cet ouvrage se penche sur l’évolution des marchés et donne un aperçu des améliorations possibles dans le domaine des politiques de consommation. Il étudie, pour la première fois, comment l’étude de l’économie du comportement est en train de transformer la manière dont les décideurs politiques abordent différents problèmes.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.46
    Keywords: Governance ; European Union
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore the most problematic aspects of information access legal regimes and to provide some guidelines to policy makers, including legislators, governments and public administrators. The analysis is based on the comparison of Freedom of Information Acts (FOIAs) and their administrative/judicial enforcement in 14 EU member states and the EU institutions.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264067189
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of regulatory reform Australia 2010
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    Keywords: Regulierung ; Australien ; Governance ; Australia ; Australien ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This review of regulatory reform in Australia comes at the right time to capture the attention of the OECD community. Australia has successfully weathered the worst effects of the current economic crisis. The resilience of the Australian economy, in the face of the deepest and most widespread recession in over fifty years in OECD countries, can in part be attributed to Australia’s current and past regulatory reforms. Australia has built strong governance foundations for the development of good regulatory management and competition policies, which are likely to be conducive to economic growth. It aims to reinvigorate a wide agenda of national reforms and to embed past reform achievements in new working arrangements between the Commonwealth and the States. This reform agenda is likely to yield substantial economic benefits for years to come, but demands joint participation and commitment from both the Commonwealth and all States. Maintaining the momentum for reform is a critical challenge, which requires a strategic vision as well as strenuous efforts to promote change and to establish a culture of continuous regulatory improvement. Australia is one of many OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its regulatory practices and reforms. This review presents a general picture , set within a macroeconomic context, of regulatory achievements and challenges, including regulatory quality at the Commonwealth level as well as across levels of government, competition policy and market openness. It also provides a special focus on Commonwealth-state relationships.
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  • 37
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Documents SIGMA no.45
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Public Procurement in EU Member States - The Regulation of Contract Below the EU Thresholds and in Areas not Covered by the Detailed Rules of the EU Directives
    Keywords: Governance ; European Union
    Abstract: Le nombre de marchés publics inférieurs aux seuils fixés par l'Union européenne ne cesse d’augmenter au point de représenter une part considérable de l'ensemble des marchés publics passés dans tous les États membres de l’UE. Il est de ce fait primordial d'encadrer et d'organiser l'adjudication de ces marchés de manière saine et efficace, en élaborant des politiques et des règles dédiées au niveau national.
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  • 38
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Documents SIGMA no.46
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Right to Open Public Administrations in Europe: Emerging Legal Standards
    Keywords: Governance ; European Union
    Abstract: La transparence administrative revêt de plus en plus d‘importance comme une question politique, sans que cela soit réellement nouveau. De longue date ; le Conseil de l'Europe et l'OCDE lui ont prêté attention. En même temps, au cours des dix dernières années, un nombre impressionnant de mesures législatives et de réformes administratives a été mis en place dans les États membres de l‘UE. Cette « accélération » récente a plusieurs origines. La transparence administrative a été reconnue par les juridictions, les constitutions et les traités comme étant un droit fondamental de l'individu. Elle a également été présentée en tant qu'une des libertés instrumentales principales, essentielle pour le développement économique et social et pour assurer la promotion de l'investissement international. De manière plus cruciale, la promotion du « droit de savoir » du peuple est de plus en plus perçue comme étant une composante essentielle d'une société démocratique.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056817
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; France
    Abstract: Les évolutions urbanistiques, démographiques, et même climatiques, ont un impact sur les questions auxquelles doivent répondre les pays de l’OCDE en matière de protection de la vie et du bien-être des citoyens ou de garantie de la continuité de l’activité économique. En France les plus grands risques naturels connus concernent les inondations. Alors que plusieurs politiques publiques sur la gestion des risques d’inondation sont adoptées, celles-ci sont mises en œuvre à différents niveaux administratifs. Dans cette étude de cas, le Programme de l'OCDE sur l’avenir analyse une gestion intégrée dans le bassin de la Loire et examine les défis rencontrés. Au nombre des questions les plus cruciales figurent la concertation des parties-prenantes, l’investissement dans l’entretien des digues et le changement climatique. Le Projet de l’OCDE sur l’avenir portant sur les politiques de gestion des risques identifie les principales difficultés de la gestion des risques au XXIe siècle et propose des solutions. Le projet met l’accent sur la cohérence des politiques de gestion des risques et sur leur capacité à faire face aux risques systémiques. Il couvre un vaste éventail de questions liées à la gestion des risques et s’attache à trois grandes thématiques : les catastrophes naturelles, les risques pour les infrastructures critiques et la protection de groupes sociaux particulièrement vulnérables.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264085930
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réduire les coûts de gestion des produits chimiques ; Comment l'OCDE aide les gouvernements et l'industrie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réduire les coûts de gestion des produits chimiques : Comment l'OCDE aide les gouvernements et l'industrie
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The chemicals industry - including industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, food and feed additives and cosmetics - is one of the world’s largest industrial sectors. Many chemical products are traded internationally. Varying national requirements can mean duplication of efforts and significant costs for the chemicals industry, as well as posing barriers to trade. By agreeing on test methods and data quality and sharing the workload of chemical safety testing and assessments, countries together achieve environmentally sustainable and cost-effective results. For non-clinical health and safety testing, for example, the results of such studies carried out on a chemical product in one OECD country must be accepted by the others as long as it was carried out in accordance with the OECD Test Guidelines and Principles of Good Laboratory Practice. This saves the chemicals industry the expense of duplicative testing for products that are marketed in more than one country. This report analyses the rigorous and comprehensive system for assessing and managing chemicals that helps governments and industry save about EUR 150 million each year, through “work sharing” facilitated by the OECD.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264056701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'emploi d'après mandat ; Bonnes pratiques en matière de prévention des conflits d'intérêts
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'emploi d'après mandat : Bonnes pratiques en matière de prévention des conflits d'intérêts
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Post-public employment
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Sektor ; Privatwirtschaft ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Verwaltung ; Arbeitnehmer ; Berufliche Mobilität ; Privatwirtschaft
    Abstract: The movement of personnel between employment in the public and private sectors, referred to as the “revolving door” phenomenon, raises particular attention in the context of the response of governments to the financial and economic crisis. This OECD survey of 30 member countries shows that the vast majority of countries have established basic standards for preventing post-public employment conflict of interest. But few have tailored these standards to address risk areas and professions such as regulators or public procurement officials. Enforcing standards and imposing suitable sanctions remains a challenge for many countries. The principles presented in this volume serve as a point of reference for policy makers and managers to review and modernise post-public employment policies. It is part of the pathfinding efforts of the OECD to promote public sector integrity for cleaner, fairer and stronger economies.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264082151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales; Québec, Canada 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales: Québec, Canada 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Québec, Canada
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; Quebec (Provinz) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada ; Québec ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: OECD's review of rural policy in Quebec. It finds that in rural Québec, both population and personal income are growing, on average, and the province’s economic base continues to diversify. Land occupancy is more homogenous than in the rest of Canada, due to the presence of denser networks of small and medium-sized communities. However, mirroring the situation at the national level, the province displays large regional disparities. The sustainability of some rural communities, especially if remote and resource-based, is challenged by demographic and economic decline. In this context, Québec has developed one of the most advanced rural policy approaches in the OECD, closely in line with the framework suggested in the OECD’s New Rural Paradigm. The province’s rural policy does not have a sectoral focus, and aims at community empowerment and land occupancy. To maximize returns on its rural policy investments, Québec needs to integrate social development more strongly with economic and entrepreneurial development, and further strengthen the supra-local level of government as the centre for rural and territorial development strategies. This should be combined with stabilisation measures in lagging areas, through the accumulation of human capital and enhanced access to land in predominantly rural territories. To address environmental challenges, natural resources should be protected both in the outskirts of metropolitan zones and in remote areas.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264085626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Finnland ; Governance ; Finland ; Finnland ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Finland, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264095076
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Spanien ; Governance ; Spain ; Spanien ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Spain, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076907
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les dépenses fiscales dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. OECD Tax expenditures in OECD countries
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Tax expenditures OECD countries ; Governance ; Taxation ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Steuervergünstigung ; Steuerbefreiung ; Steuerpolitik ; Effizienz
    Abstract: In all OECD countries, governments collect revenues through taxes and redistribute this public money, often by obligatory spending on social programmes such as education or health care. Their tax systems usually include “tax expenditures” – provisions that allow certain groups of people, such as small businessmen, retired people or working mothers, or those who have undertaken certain activities, such as charitable donations, to pay less in taxes. The use of tax expenditures by governments is pervasive and growing. At a time when many government budgets are threatened by population ageing and adverse cyclical developments, there is a pressing need to avoid inefficient government programmes, some of which may utilise tax expenditures. This book sheds light on the use of tax expenditures, mainly through a study of ten OECD countries: Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. This book will help government officials and the public better understand some of the technical and policy issues behind the use of tax expenditures. It highlights key trends and successful practices, and addresses a broad range of government finance issues, including tax policy making, tax and budget efficiency, fiscal responsibility and rule making.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Les dépenses fiscales dans les pays de l'OCDE
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056640
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transparence et responsabilité ; Guide pour l'État actionnaire
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Accountability and transparency
    RVK:
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: Using this Guide will facilitate the practical implementation of the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in the areas of transparency and accountability. It provides viable policy options and a step-by-step road map on how to address typical difficulties, risks and hurdles that may be encountered. It also provides concrete examples of good practices that can serve as a reference and inspiration. The Guide will help governments, their ownership entities and other stakeholders to evaluate existing practices and support reforms. In most countries, improving transparency and accountability in state-owned enterprises entails a number of complex challenges. Addressing these, with the help of this Guide, is an important step in the process of establishing well-governed and economically sound state-owned enterprises
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264084759
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The OECD Innovation Strategy; Getting a Head Start on Tomorrow
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The OECD Innovation Strategy: Getting a Head Start on Tomorrow
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Innovation ; Strategische Planung ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Innover au moment opportun et de manière ciblée stimule la productivité, favorise la croissance économique et aide à résoudre les problèmes de société. Mais comment les gouvernements peuvent-ils encourager davantage de personnes à innover et accroître le temps consacré à l’innovation ? Et comment rendre les administrations elles-mêmes plus innovantes ? La Stratégie de l’OCDE pour l’innovation propose un ensemble de principes visant à encourager l’innovation par les individus (aussi bien dans le cadre de leur travail qu’en tant que consommateurs), dans les entreprises et au sein des administrations. Elle examine en profondeur l’évolution de l’innovation, son ampleur, sa géographie et ses modalités. À partir de recherches et de données récentes, elle propose un large cadre d’action en faveur de l’innovation. Pour en savoir plus Mesurer l’innovation : Un nouveau regard
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264092181
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Partenariat pour la gouvernance démocratique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Handbook on Contracting Out Government Functions and Services in Post-Conflict and Fragile Situations
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: L’externalisation des fonctions et des services à des prestataires externes est une pratique établie dans de nombreux pays développés et en développement. D’une part, l’externalisation peut offrir un soutien essentiel aux États qui doivent fournir d’urgence des services de base. D’autre part, elle risque de contourner les États et nuire à leur relèvement à long terme. Le Partenariat pour la gouvernance démocratique de l’OCDE a été formé en 2007 afin d’aborder dans une optique plus stratégique cette question majeure. Le guide ne prend pas position en faveur ou contre l’externalisation. Ce n’est pas non plus un manuel technique. Ce guide est destiné aux praticiens de terrain et aux décideurs des politiques publiques dans les États qui sortent d’un conflit ou qui sont considérés comme fragiles. Son but est d’aider les décideurs et les praticiens à faire des choix éclairés sur les types d’externalisation les mieux adaptés à leur pays. C’est un outil permettant aux décideurs d’évaluer la viabilité de l’externalisation — de façon temporaire ou sur le long terme — dans la prestation d’un service essentiel (tel que l’éducation de base, la santé, l’eau et l’assainissement) ou d’une fonction gouvernementale (telle que la gestion des finances publiques et les ressources humaines). Le guide illustre ces points à l’aide d’études de cas tirées des expériences acquises dans de nombreux États fragiles, allant de l’Afghanistan à Haïti et au Libéria.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264080331 , 9264080325
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Government at a Glance 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama des administrations publiques 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de las Administraciones Públicas 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Uno sguardo sulla pubblica amministrazione 2009
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Nach dem schwersten Konjunkturabschwung seit der Großen Depression ist eine wirkungsvolle Rechtsetzung wichtiger denn je. Doch wie kann bessere Rechtsetzung die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Aussichten verbessern, dauerhaftes Wachstum fördern und die Widerstandsfähigkeit der deutschen Volkswirtschaft stärken? Was genau ist wirkungsvolle Rechtsetzung? Deutsche Fassung der im Oktober 2009 erschienenen Publikation "Government at a Glance".
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264087170
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Better Regulation in Europe; France 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Better Regulation in Europe: France 2010
    Keywords: Governance ; France
    Abstract: L'importance d'une gouvernance réglementaire efficace n'a jamais été aussi claire qu'elle ne l'est aujourd'hui, dans le sillage de la pire crise économique depuis la Grande Dépression. Cependant, comment « mieux légiférer » permettra-t-il d’améliorer les perspectives pour une plus forte performance économique et une meilleure qualité de vie, pour promouvoir une croissance pérenne et renforcer la résilience des pays ? Qu'est-ce qu’une réglementation efficace ? Quelle doit être la forme et la direction de la politique de gouvernance réglementaire au cours de la prochaine décennie ? Pour répondre à ces questions, l'OCDE a lancé, en partenariat avec la Commission européenne, un projet pour examiner l’évolution de la gouvernance réglementaire dans 15 pays de l'OCDE, dont la France. Chaque rapport fait l’analyse des questions clés qui sont nécessaires pour dégager le cadre de référence futur pour une bonne gestion de la politique et des réformes de réglementation. Les questions examinées incluent la stratégie et les politiques d’amélioration de la gouvernance réglementaire, les capacités institutionnelles pour une gouvernance réglementaire, la transparence des réglementations et la mise en place d’une consultation réelle de l’opinion publique, la gestion et rationalisation des réglementations existantes, la conformité, la mise en application et les voies de recours, les relations entre les États membres et l’Union européenne, les relations entre l’administration centrale et les administrations infranationales. Les pays participants sont : l’Allemagne, l’Autriche, la Belgique, le Danemark, l’Espagne, la Finlande, la France, la Grèce, l’Irlande, l’Italie, le Luxembourg, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal, le Royaume-Uni et la Suède.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264091993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (165 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Partnership for Democratic Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guide sur l'externalisation des services et fonctions de l'État dans les situations post-conflit et de fragilité
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: The contracting out of government functions and services to external providers is an established practice in many developed and developing countries. On the one hand, it can offer essential support to states that have to deliver basic services urgently; on the other, it risks bypassing governments and undermining their long-term recovery. The OECD’s Partnership for Democratic Governance was formed in 2007 to gather evidence on this issue. This handbook does not take a view for or against contracting out; nor is it a technical manual. The handbook is for field practitioners and government policy makers in countries that are either emerging from conflict or are otherwise considered to be fragile. Its aim is to help them make more informed choices about the types of contracting that are best suited to their country. It is a tool to assess whether contracting out might be a possible way forward – either temporarily or over a longer period of time – for delivering a core service (such as basic education, healthcare, water and sanitation) or a government function (such as managing public finances and human resources). The handbook illustrates these points with the aid of case studies ranging from Afghanistan to Haiti and Liberia.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264084575
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Portugal ; Governance ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Regulierung ; Volkswirtschaft
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Portugal, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264084551
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Dänemark ; Governance ; Denmark ; Dänemark ; Regulierung ; Volkswirtschaft
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Denmark, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264085886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Better Regulation in Europe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bessere Rechtsetzung in Europa; Deutschland 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bessere Rechtsetzung in Europa: Deutschland 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Deutschland ; Governance ; Germany ; Deutschland ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Germany, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2010/01
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Globalisation and subsequent competition among cities have triggered a profound change in the mode of the governance of cities. It is often described as a shift from a managerial mode of governance, which had been primarily concerned with provision of social welfare services and control of private activities, to that of entrepreneurialism, strongly characterised by a pro-economic growth strategic approach. Subsequently, attractiveness has been increasingly regarded as a key factor for urban policies, since attractive cities are competitive and able to attract newly-emerging businesses and highly-skilled workforces that are the driving force in the global economy. Today, enhancing urban attractiveness is high on the agenda of urban policy in many OECD countries. A city?s attractiveness is determined by a wide range of elements. The OECD report “Competitive Cities: A New Entrepreneurial Paradigm in Spatial Development” (OECD, 2007) analysed various elements contributing to urban attractiveness (e.g. flagship redevelopment, cultural facilities, international events, etc.). Among various findings, it emphasises that it is important for a city to enhance its distinctiveness by identifying and building up urban assets that are unique to the city. In particular, many cities have recognised that attractive physical environment of cities can enhance their uniqueness and distinctiveness.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264064843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les unités consacrées aux partenariats public-privé ; Une étude des structures institutionnelles et de gouvernance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dedicated public-private partnership units
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; OECD ; Public Private Partnership
    Abstract: Dedicated public-private partnership (PPP) units are organisations set up with full or partial aid of the government to ensure that the skills needed to handle third-party provision of goods and services are made available and clustered together within government. Such units enhance the capacity of government to successfully manage the risks associated with a growing number and value of PPPs. Although a relatively recent phenomenon, in 2009 more than half of all OECD countries reported the existence of a dedicated unit of some kind. This book provides an overview of dedicated PPP units in OECD countries, including case studies covering: the State of Victoria (Australia), Germany, Korea, South Africa (an OECD enhanced engagement country), and the United Kingdom. It examines the functions and locations of dedicated PPP units, the role they play in the procurement process and the lessons learned for other countries that have already established or are considering establishing a dedicated PPP unit. Further reading Public-Private Partnerships: In Pursuit of Risk Sharing and Value for Money (OECD, 2008)
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264082939
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Risk and regulatory policy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Risikoanalyse ; Politische Steuerung
    Abstract: We expect governments to protect citizens from the adverse consequences of hazardous events. At the same time it is not possible or necessarily in the best interest of citizens for all risks to be removed. A risk-based approach to the design and implementation of regulation can help to ensure that regulatory approaches are efficient, effective and account for risk/risk tradeoffs across policy objectives. Risk-based approaches to the design of regulation and compliance strategies can improve the welfare of citizens by providing better protection, more efficient government services and reduced costs for business. Across the OECD there is great potential to improve the operation of risk policy as few governments have taken steps to develop a coherent risk governance policy for managing regulation. This publication presents recent OECD research and analysis on risk and regulatory policy. The chapters discuss core challenges today. They offer measures for developing, or improving, coherent risk governance policies. Topics include: challenges in designing regulatory policy frameworks to manage risks; different cultural and legal dimensions of risk regulatory concepts across OECD; analytical models and principles for decision making in uncertain situations; key elements of risk regulation and governance institutions; the use of management-based regulation to help firms make risk-related behavioural changes; an analysis of the risk-based frameworks of regulators in five OECD countries (Australia, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal, United Kingdom) and across four sectors: environment, food safety, financial markets and health and safety; and the elements for designing formal guidelines for risk prioritisation, assessment, management and communication.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264086449
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Series Statement: Value for Money in Government
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public administration after "New Public Management"
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regierung ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Neues Steuerungsmodell ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Management ; Verwaltung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Public administration has entered a new age. In the 1980s, “less” government was the prevailing idea; in the 1990s and early 21st century, “New Public Management” was the dominant theme. Today, public administration is moving in new directions. Reforms are focusing on the quality of services for citizens and businesses and on the efficiency of administration (the “back office” of government). The OECD is studying these new trends in a multi-annual, cross-country project called “Value for Money in Government”. This is the first report in a new OECD series on the topic. The book examines four themes in nine OECD countries: the development of shared service centres, the steering and control of agencies, automatic productivity cuts, and spending review procedures. In addition, it contains a quantitative analysis of the size of employment in central government. The countries studied are Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The book pays particular attention to the case of the Netherlands, the country that first proposed an OECD study on value for money in government.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264082229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Human Resource Management in Government
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Avaliação da Gestão de Recursos Humanos no Governo - Relatório da OCDE; Brasil; Governo Federal (Portuguese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of human resource management in government
    DDC: 658.3
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regierung ; Personalmanagement ; Brasilien ; Employment ; Governance ; Brazil ; Brasilien ; Regierung ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Personalpolitik
    Abstract: This review of human resource management (HRM) in the federal government of Brazil provides a detailed diagnosis of the management of government employees, and solutions for improving it. The assessments and the recommendations are based on the lessons learned from the experience of OECD member countries. This review assesses whether: the federal government is managing the size, skills, and competencies of its workforce in a sustainable manner; the HRM system in government is strategic and performance oriented; there is a balance between the flexibility and consistency of HRM practices; the values promoted by the government are consistent with management rules and practices.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264083479
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'innovation ; Pour prendre une longueur d'avance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD The OECD innovation strategy
    DDC: 601.12
    Keywords: Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; Innovation ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Well-timed and targeted innovation boosts productivity, increases economic growth and helps solve societal problems. But how can governments encourage more people to innovate more of the time? And how can government itself be more innovative? The OECD Innovation Strategy provides a set of principles for fostering innovation in people (workers and consumers), in firms and in government. It takes an in-depth look at the scope of innovation and how it is changing, as well as where and how it is occurring. The result is the formulation of far-reaching policies for innovation using recent research and data. "a thoughtful new report on how governments can do better at spurring and measuring innovation." The Economist
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264083868
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Dedicated Public-Private Partnership Units; A Survey of Institutional and Governance Structures
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Les unités consacrées aux partenariats public-privé (PPP) sont des organismes créés en totalité ou en partie avec l’aide de l’État, pour veiller à ce que les compétences requises pour gérer la fourniture de biens et de services par des tiers existent et soient regroupées au niveau du gouvernement. Ces unités renforcent la capacité de l’État à gérer les risques liés à l’augmentation du nombre de partenariats public-privé et de la valeur qu’ils représentent. Alors que ces unités spécialisées sont considérées comme un phénomène relativement nouveau, plus de la moitié des pays membres de l’OCDE indiquaient, en 2009, l’existence d’une unité consacrée aux PPP sous une forme ou une autre. Le présent ouvrage donne une vue d’ensemble des unités consacrées aux PPP dans les pays de l’OCDE et comprend cinq études de cas qui concernent l’Afrique du Sud (pays partenaire de l’engagement renforcé de l’OCDE), l’Allemagne, la Corée, le Royaume-Uni et l’État de Victoria (Australie). Il pose les questions suivantes : quelles sont les fonctions et la localisation de leurs unités consacrées aux PPP ? Dans le cadre de ces fonctions, quel est le rôle joué par ces unités dans le processus d’exécution ? Quels enseignements peuvent en tirer les autres pays qui ont déjà créé ou envisagent de créer une unité spécialisée ?
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  • 62
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264083967
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strategies to improve rural service delivery
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ländlicher Raum ; Dienstleistungssektor ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Ländlicher Raum ; Dienstleistungssektor
    Abstract: The service sector, in aggregate, now dominates total employment and value-added in OECD countries, accounting for more than 70% of these two measures, and continues to increase in importance. While services may play a slightly smaller role in rural regions than in urban areas, they are the dominant component of the rural economy. It is clear that a vibrant service sector is both vital for a prosperous local economy and crucial for meeting the needs of rural citizens.  This book provides an overview of the underlying problems in delivering services to rural regions.  It contains a conceptual structure for thinking about rural service delivery problems and a strategy for thinking about the role of government in service delivery, as well as a discussion of the role that innovation and public management tools like co-design and co-delivery can play in designing better service delivery approaches.  Also included are examples of different, successful policy strategies drawn from OECD countries.   Also available The New Rural Paradigm: Policies and Governance (2006) OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Germany (2007) OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Mexico (2007) OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Finland (2008) OECD Rural Policy Reviews: The Netherlands (2008) OECD Rural Policy Reviews: China (2009) OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Italy (2009) OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Spain (2009)   OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Québec, Canada (forthcoming)  
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264086098
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (270 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Human Resource Management in Government; Brazil 2010; Federal Government
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Human Resource Management in Government: Brazil 2010: Federal Government
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Brazil
    Abstract: Esta avaliação da gestão de recursos humanos (GRH) no governo federal do Brasil visa a oferecer um diagnóstico detalhado e propor soluções para aperfeiçoar a administração de servidores públicos federais. As avaliações e as recomendações estão baseadas nas lições apreendidas da experiência dos países-membros da OCDE. Este livro tem por objetivo avaliar se o governo federal está administrando a dimensão, as habilidades e as competências de sua força de trabalho de maneira sustentável, se o sistema de GRH no governo é estratégico e orientado para o desempenho, se há um equilíbrio entre a flexibilidade e a consistência de práticas de GRH e, finalmente, se os valores adotados pelo governo são consistentes com as regras e as práticas de gestão.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264087118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Denmark
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: E-Government ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Dänemark ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Denmark ; Dänemark ; E-Government ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Effizienz
    Abstract: This review is the first to analyse e-government at the country level using a revised framework designed to capture the new challenges faced by countries today. It highlights the richness of initiatives and actions taken by Denmark in relation to a number of areas, including the impact of e-government on public sector modernisation and efficiency efforts, the impact of e-government organisational structure and arrangements on e-government development and administration, the need to address issues related to user take-up and the assessment of benefits realisation of e-government projects. As these are not unique to Denmark, but are commonly shared by a number of OECD countries, the study provides useful tools to support e-government policy making in all OECD countries.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264094611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Education ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Governments are seeking to channel research funds into universities and other institutions in ways that support high-quality research in strategically important areas and bolster effective knowledge diffusion. These issues of steering and funding have even more relevance in light of the current financial crisis and economic downturn which have seen severe fiscal pressures fall on many countries. This publication presents a collection of papers presented at an OECD workshop on performance-based funding of public research in tertiary education institutions. It takes stock of current thinking and practice around performance-based funding of public research in tertiary education institutions, as a tool to help governments meet their research goals. These funding models are essentially systems of ex-post evaluation of research outputs and outcomes from universities and other tertiary institutions, and are generally based on peer review, bibliometric or other quantitative indicators. Their results are used to inform government decisions about how much and which institutions to fund.
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  • 66
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 75-125
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 75-125
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated improving competition in real estate transactions in February 2007. Real estate transactions are subject to a variety of potential limitation of competition that can have significant effects on ordinary consumers. In fact, because of the annual volume of transactions and the fact that real estate expenses (mortgage payments and rent) constitute a significant portion of spending out of available revenue to spend (often exceeding 25%), the impacts of anti-competitive action i this sector may have larger financial value than in most other sectors. Practices of real estate agents vary significantly across countries, but a common trend appears to be the introduction of listing services that may provide a platform for anti-competitive practices to spread, at the same time as the Internet potentially provides improved opportunities for real estate sellers to reach buyers directly. In many countries, the operation of transferring legal title to properties is subject to cartel-like prices. Competitive problems have also been identified in the mortgage markets, with cartel activity having been found in a least one case and a lack of non-bank sources of finance in some countries.
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  • 67
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 173-203
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 173-203
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; El Salvador
    Abstract: The OECD has been active in promoting competition policy among countries in Latin America and the Caribbean and formed a partnership with the Inter-American Development Bank to further this aim. The principal feature of this partnership has been the annual Latin American Competition Forum (LACF), at which senior officials from countries in the region discuss, in roundtable fashion, issues of competition policy of interest to them. Each of the first four Forums featured a peer review of one country in the region. At the fifth Forum held in 2007, work focused on the four Latin American peer review reports which had been produced in the framework of the Latin American Competition Forum (Brazil, Chile, Peru and Argentina) as well as the peer review of Mexico held in the OECD Competition Committee. This work assessed the impact that the peer reviews have had on competition policy and on the competition agencies in the countries concerned. “Peer review” is a core element of OECD work. The mechanisms of peer review vary, but it is founded upon the willingness of a country to submit its laws and policies to substantive questioning by other members of the international community. This process provides valuable insights to the reviewed country and promotes transparency and mutual understanding for the benefit of all.There is an emerging consensus on best practices in competition law enforcement and in applying competition policy principles to regulatory systems. Countries now co-operate regularly in such areas as anticartel enforcement and international mergers. Peer reviews are an important part of this process. The OECD and the IDB are pleased to have participated in this partnership for the promotion of competition policy in Latin America and the Caribbean. This work is consistent with the policies and goals of both organisations. Sound competition policy will promote economic growth and prosperity, bringing benefits to consumers in the region and substantially improving the business climate. Both organisations would like to thank the Government of El Salvador for volunteering to be peer reviewed at the sixth LACF meeting, held in Panama, on 10-11 September 2008. Finally, we want to thank Mr. John Clark, the author of the report, and the many competition officials whose written and oral contributions to the Forum have been so important to its success.
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  • 68
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 7-67
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 7-67
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated concessions in February 2006. Governments have long been engaged in providing goods or services to their citizens that could, in some form, be provided by the private sector. The trend over the past few decades, however, has been to transfer these functions, and the state-owned assets used to provide them, to private hands. The most common method, and the one usually preferred, is privatisation, or outright sale or transfer of ownership of the relevant assets to one or more private parties. Another method is concessions. Concessions are often viewed as a substitute for privatisation when the latter is not feasible for political or legal reasons. Concessions are not substitutes for regulation. Where there is a need for regulation, as in a situation of natural monopoly, a regulatory regime may be created along with the concession.
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  • 69
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-14
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-14
    Keywords: Governance ; Austria
    Abstract: In December 2007 and December 2009, Austria’s Federal Parliament decided on a far-reaching, comprehensive budget reform package. The introduction of a legally binding medium-term expenditure framework, of accrual budgeting and accounting as well as performance budgeting marks a decisive change, not only in steering the budget, but even more so in the Austrian administrative and political culture. Both legislative decisions were finally taken unanimously. This article describes the respective change management and gives an overview of the main Austrian reform elements.
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  • 70
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This article discusses the economic crisis that has ravaged the budgets of many developed countries, and whether conditions have sufficiently stabilised to permit governments to introduce next-generation fiscal rules. The article examines a series of issues that may arise as governments re-engineer or introduce fiscal rules. Discussion of each issue begins with lessons from existing rules and concludes with observations on the design of new rules. The final section considers the role of budgeting in designing and implementing fiscal rules.
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  • 71
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 153-171
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 153-171
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated issues related to the Construction Industry in June 2008. This roundtable addressed the special characteristics of the construction industry as they relate to competition law and policy. Construction is a critical sector in OECD economies because it builds and maintains the structures and infrastructure on which almost every other industry depends. Unfortunately, the construction industry has also tended to suffer from cartel activity, as shown by a spate of well - publicised recent matters from around the world. The roundtable includes an examination of why this industry seems to be more prone to cartel formation than other industries. It also looked into the complications that may arise when multiple construction firms use the same bid calculation software. Finally, the Committee discussed the arguments – occasionally made by industry advocates – that competition is either irrelevant or “ruinous” in the construction industry. Neither argument was found to be persuasive, as there are no distinguishing features of the construction sector that reduce the benefits that competition brings to consumer welfare.
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  • 72
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 7-90
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 82 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 7-90
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated energy security and competition policy in February 2007. This roundtable examined the links between competition policy and energy security, with a focus on natural gas. The discussion began by addressing the questions of the meaning and importance of energy security; and the determinants of energy security, particularly as they relate to competition policy. It continued in dealing with gas supply, transportation, and distribution, addressing five aspects that relate to different aspects of energy security: (1) the role of substitutes for natural gas in fostering competitive gas supply; the role of regulation in promoting or inhibiting infrastructure investment; (2) how to promote an adequate level of infrastructure investment; (3) the role of unbundling in fostering competition and promoting energy security; (4) the role of storage capacity in system efficiency and buyer bargaining position; (5) and the determinants of entry into merchant sales of natural gas.
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  • 73
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 133-183
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 133-183
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Bulgaria’s budget management has seen a series of structural and procedural reforms, including in budget execution, treasury functions, internal audit, and programme and medium-term budgeting. This article discusses the use of modern budgeting techniques in Bulgaria such as top-down budgeting, multi-year budgeting perspectives and the use of performance information in the budget process, and makes recommendations for budget formulation, the role of Parliament, budget execution and management (including organisational questions and the role of municipalities), and accounting and audit.
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  • 74
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 1-14
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 1-14
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Budgeting is fundamentally altered, if only temporarily, by pressures that overwhelm established policies and practices. This article discusses conventional and non-conventional responses to crisis, and how crisis impacts on the budget process. Just as crisis has mobilised governments to take global actions that spill beyond national boundaries, the aftermath of crisis will spur them to harmonise and integrate budget policies that affect the international financial system.
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  • 75
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-24
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-24
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Some ways of budgeting for disasters have the potential to increase welfare by increasing national savings, reducing exposure to risk and promoting mitigation prior to a loss. Those ways can also contribute to aggregate fiscal stability over the long term. The power of budgeting, however, can be misdirected to increase losses and lead to fiscal instability. This paper describes the potential for gain from alternative budgetary treatments of policies aimed at reducing the effects on consumption of random shocks to income and wealth. It identifies a critical difference between alternatives: budgetary recognition of expected costs of relief and recovery before the loss event. We classify those different methods as ex ante and ex post budgeting. We also consider some budgetary mechanisms that can promote effective recognition and constrain opportunistic behavior by elected officials. Finally, this paper describes related budgetary practices in some OECD countries. Many have instituted policies consistent with ex ante budgeting, but we have insufficient information to determine their effectiveness.
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  • 76
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 69-151
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 83 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 69-151
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated competition in bidding markets in October 2006. Competition authorities become interested in auctions by a number of routes. In competition advocacy, they may advise other parts of government on how to design auctions in order to improve their efficiency—the degree of competition. They may evaluate mergers and agreements between firms that operate in auction markets. And they may be concerned with collusion and abuse of a dominant position in auctions. Because their formal rules reduce “noise” and make communication among rivals easier, auctions can promote collusion, compared with ordinary “posted-price” markets. But an auction can be designed to reduce collusion or concerted practices or to promote participation. Thus, the design of an auction can be the object of lobbying pressure. Auctioneers can also behave strategically, choosing auction formats or practices that favour competition. Two fundamental prescriptions for effective auction design follow from the theoretical literature: Induce bidders to truthfully reveal their valuations by making what they pay not depend entirely on what they bid, and maximize the information available to each participant before he bids.
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  • 77
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 177-230
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 177-230
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; Peru
    Abstract: The Competition Peer Review Report of Peru is the fourth one of a non-OECD country. South Africa and Russia were reviewed at meetings of the OECD Global Forum on Competition (GFC). Chile, and now Peru, were reviewed at meetings of the Latin American Competition Forum (LACF), organised by the OECD and the Inter- American Development Bank (IDB). All four reviews confirm that the peer review process is an extremely useful means of promoting co-operation and voluntary convergence among OECD and non-OECD economies, providing both transparency and a candid discussion of what constitutes “best practice” in different situations.
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  • 78
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-42
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-42
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This paper describes the particular impacts of the financial and economic crisis on Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries; studies pro-cyclicality of fiscal policies; discusses the impact of the crisis on fiscal policy; and takes a look at the policy response of various governments. After drawing some lessons for fiscal policy from previous emerging market crises, the paper concludes with some thoughts on the appropriate policy response from a more normative perspective. The key message of the paper is that the crisis should be used as an opportunity to introduce reforms to avoid future pro-cyclical fiscal policies, to increase the quality of budgeting and to increase credibility. These reforms should include fiscal responsibility laws comprising medium-term fiscal frameworks, fiscal rules and independent fiscal councils. When fiscal consolidation is accompanied by fiscal reforms that increase credibility, non-Keynesian effects may offset the contraction caused by the consolidation to some extent. JEL classification: C32, E62, H60 Keywords: Crisis, budget policy, fiscal policy, Central and Eastern Europe, CEE, CESEE
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  • 79
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    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-53
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-53
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: The institutional features of the budget process in Moldova are in a permanent flux, because of ambitious reform programmes that have been adopted in recent years and that are planned for the future. This article examines the Moldovan budget formulation process, the role of parliament, budget execution and budget discipline, the supply side of the budget process (public administration and service delivery), and accounting and audit. JEL classification: H610.
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  • 80
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-10
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 10 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-10
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: A new and novel approach to controlling regulatory costs is the concept of the regulatory budget. This concept would require that governments account for regulatory expenditures in a similar way to fiscal expenditures. This article argues that there are analogies between fiscal and regulatory budgets as they both divert resources from the private sector, albeit by different policy instruments. Given that budgeting is universally used to manage fiscal resources, the article outlines the pros and cons of developing regulatory budgets to manage regulatory resources. JEL classification: H300, H610.
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  • 81
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    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Philippines
    Abstract: This profile offers a general overview of the Philippine system of budgeting at national level. Special characteristics of the Philippine budget process are examined, such as a commitment to fiscal discipline and the national planning function. The three steps of the annual budget formulation cycle are described: the development of economic assumptions and revenue forecasts; the use of a medium-term expenditure framework to assess the continuing costs of existing programmes; and identifying the resultant “fiscal space” through the Paper on Budget Strategy. The process for allocating resources is then described, including the “Budget Call”, the submission and review of proposals, the role of the central ministry and the line ministries, and finally the role of Congress, constitutional restrictions, and the nature of executive-legislative relations.
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  • 82
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 7-73
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 7-73
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated competitive effects of land use restrictions in February 2008. Land use restrictions often serve valuable social purposes. The benefits of particular policies for land use must be balanced against the costs, though. The social harms that can arise when land use restrictions create “entry barriers” are rarely considered explicitly. Land use restrictions can raise the price and reduce supply of a broad range of real estate and, by preventing new and innovative stores from opening, reduce shopping options available to consumers. More careful integration of policy on land use restrictions with competition policy could benefit consumers and many entrepreneurs and reduce the likelihood that public or private restrictions will lead to supply scarcity. This roundtable examines competition problems affecting commercial construction and use permits, geographic density tests, adverse impact tests, access condition to rights of ay and private restrictions on land use. Steps are identified for improving public policies towards land use restrictions.
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  • 83
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 1-28
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 1-28
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This article examines how the Chinese government came to endorse the concept of performance management, and analyses the experiments with performance management since the early 1990s (mainly at the local level). The incentives are examined, especially the performance-based reward and promotion system. The article discusses China’s experience with performance management in various sectors, including organisational restructuring and human resource management in the civil service, performance and results management and the “objective responsibility system”, and the attempts to improve accountability and performance in the delivery of public services. Citizen participation in performance management is also examined, and case studies of local practice.
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  • 84
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 127-165
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 127-165
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; Chinese Taipei
    Abstract: This report, prepared by the Secretariat of the OECD was the basis for a peer review examination of Chinese Taipei at the OECD’s Global Forum on Competition on 9 February, 2006. Competition law in Chinese Taipei has been an important element of the program of economic reforms that moved the economy from centrally directed emphasis on manufacturing and exports to a market-driven emphasis on services and high technology. The competition law follows mainstream practice about restrictive agreements, monopolies and anticompetitive mergers, with a particularly clear statutory basis for concentrating enforcement attention on horizontal collusion. The rules about market deception and unfair practices connect the competition law to consumer interests. There is a risk, though, that rules based on a cultural tradition of fairness might lead to interventions to correct differences in bargaining power, which could dampen competition rather than promote it. The competition enforcement agency, the Fair Trade Commission (FTC), is now a stable, experienced administrative agency. It followed an appropriate sequence in introducing competition policy, emphasising transparency and guidance to encourage compliance before undertaking stronger enforcement measures. General reforms are in process that would clarify the independence of the FTC. To improve enforcement against hard-core cartels, a leniency programme should be adopted, and the special treatment for agreements among small businesses should be limited. Some other aspects of the enforcement tool-kit should be revised, such as the cap on fines and the use of market share as a merger notification test. The most visible regulatory reforms to promote competition have been in telecoms, although an independent regulator for that sector is just now being set up. The government retains holdings in privatised firms that could have implications for market competition, so FTC vigilance about the risk of cross-subsidy or other distortion remains warranted.
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  • 85
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 91-131
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 91-131
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated competition issues in vertical relations for gasoline retailing in October 2008. Gasoline retailing has changed dramatically over the last 25 years. While refiners often still have extensive networks of gasoline retailers, there is also a large independent sector in many countries; A study of the effects of entry by large general retailers finds benefits to consumers; There has been a vigorous debate about whether vertical separation between gasoline stations and upstream entities should be required. It appears that mandating vertical separation is linked with price increases to the ultimate consumers. On the other hand, mandated separation may promote the development of more independent stations. Policy makers often raise concerns about vertical integration in the supply of gasoline. These concerns should be moderated in markets with large independent segments. Even in markets with small independent segments, there are reasons to believe prices will be lower with vertical integration, as this eliminates a double mark-up.
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  • 86
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-117
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 111 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-117
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Long-term fiscal projections provide a basis to discuss the sustainability of current public policies over an extended period (ten years or more) against select fiscal indicator(s). They do so by modelling future government expenditures and revenues based upon a number of explicit demographic, macroeconomic, microeconomic, and other assumptions. Such projections have been considered best practice for budget/ fiscal transparency for nearly a decade, yet their use is still limited to a relatively small number of industrialised countries. This article extrapolates evidence from 12 OECD countries of the role of fiscal projections in balancing political pressures for short-term spending against fiscal pressures and risks over an extended time horizon. The article makes recommendations concerning three aspects of fiscal projections: their frequency; their analytical quality; and their institutional quality.
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  • 87
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 1-14
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 1-14
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: As part of the growing search for more transparency and accountability in government finance, this article suggests guidelines for the production and dissemination of a citizens’ guide to the budget. Examples from a variety of countries help to illustrate why governments should publish an annual guide, what the contents and characteristics of a good guide should be, and how such a guide should be made accessible. JEL classification: H500, H600. Keywords: effective public accountability, transparent budgeting, open budgets, fiscal transparency, civil society, citizen participation, public oversight, public debate, access to information.
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  • 88
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-5
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-5
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This article, originally presented as a keynote speech at the June 2009 meeting of the OECD Working Party of Senior Budget Officials, explores the state of new public management from the perspective of current political theory and presents relevant findings from a 2009 OECD comparative study, “Value for Money”. JEL classification: H830. Keywords: New public management; NPM; public administration; Dunleavy; public governance reform; value for money.
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  • 89
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-27
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1-27
    Keywords: Governance ; Portugal
    Abstract: Over the last few decades, public-private partnerships have been increasingly used by governments around the world to finance and manage complex operations. Doubts about their efficiency have been raised, however. Criticism of public-private partnerships reflects the fact that governments tend to use them as “off-budget” operations, to avoid fiscal constraints. Do they generate “value for money” to the public sector? The literature is less than unanimous. How one assesses value for money in these types of arrangements has become extremely important for public managers.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264095168
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Better Regulation in Europe; Luxembourg 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Better Regulation in Europe: Luxembourg 2010
    Keywords: Governance ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: L’importance d’une gouvernance réglementaire efficace n’a jamais été aussi claire qu’elle ne l’est aujourd’hui, dans le sillage de la pire crise économique depuis la Grande Dépression. Cependant, comment « mieux légiférer » permettra-t-il d’améliorer les perspectives pour une plus forte performance économique et une meilleure qualité de vie, pour promouvoir une croissance pérenne et renforcer la résilience des pays ? Qu’est-ce qu’une réglementation efficace ? Quelle doit être la forme et la direction de la politique de gouvernance réglementaire au cours de la prochaine décennie ? Pour répondre à ces questions, l’OCDE a lancé, en partenariat avec la Commission européenne, un projet pour examiner l’évolution de la gouvernance réglementaire dans 15 pays de l’OCDE, dont le Luxembourg. Chaque rapport fait l’analyse des questions clés qui sont nécessaires pour dégager le cadre de référence futur pour une bonne gestion de la politique et des réformes de réglementation. Les questions examinées incluent : • La stratégie et les politiques d’amélioration de la gouvernance réglementaire.• Les capacités institutionnelles pour une gouvernance réglementaire.• La transparence des réglementations et la mise en place d’une consultation réelle de l’opinion publique.• La gestion et rationalisation des réglementations existantes. • La conformité, la mise en application, et les voies de recours. • Les relations entre les États membres et l’Union européenne. • Les relations entre l’administration centrale et les administrations infranationales. Les pays participants sont : l’Allemagne, l’Autriche, la Belgique, le Danemark, l’Espagne, la Finlande, la France, la Grèce, l’Irlande, l’Italie, le Luxembourg, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal, le Royaume-Uni et la Suède.
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  • 91
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 133-176
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 133-176
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The Global Forum of the OECD Competition Committee debated the Interface between Competition and Consumer Policies in February 2008. The two policies share a common goal: the enhancement of consumer welfare. In this way they are highly complementary. Applied properly, they reinforce one another; Aside from their different approaches to markets, however, there are other differences between competition and consumer policies. These differences present both opportunities and challenges. Applied consistently, each policy ill each make the other more effective, especially in situations of evolving markets. The challenge comes in coordinating them, and in ensuring that they do not work at cross purposes. Institutional design is an important factor in providing effective public policy. With the increasing recognition of the importance of integrating competition policy and consumer policy, there is debate about how to design the most effective institutions for that purpose. Housing the two functions in a single agency offers several advantages, including more centralised control, operational efficiencies and cross-fertilisation between the two disciplines. There could be disadvantages as well, however.
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  • 92
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-36
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-36
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Lithuania
    Abstract: This report covers the budget process in Lithuania. It discusses the four phases in separate sections: budget preparation, legislative approval, budget execution, and accounting and audit. Each section ends with a list of recommendations. The new strategic planning process should strengthen the policy focus of the budget at the level of the line ministries and could be accompanied by a more robust medium.term fiscal framework. All public.private partnerships (PPPs) should be subject to approval by the Ministry of Finance, and municipal use of PPPs should be closely monitored. Parliament operates a well.designed and orderly review process but parliamentary involvement can be further developed. Budget execution is based on sound rules and procedures, and the full development of the programme structure could be accompanied by more flexibility. The shift towards accruals in accounting and financial reporting will enhance transparency and should strengthen fiscal discipline. JEL classification: H610.
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  • 93
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: National leaders under pressure are often tempted to consider shifting costs to other levels of government and to satisfy new demands for public services by passing mandates and costs to other levels of governments to finance new programmes. These new mandates take a variety of forms but have one central feature: they permit the national government leaders to claim credit without paying for the costs of their own initiatives. This article examines intergovernmental relationships and the various forms of mandates including direct-order mandates, grants, pre-emptions, and tax policy. The article discusses the arguments for mandates, trends in their use, and reforms to curb them. The roles of agency cost-benefit analysis and legislative information and deliberation are particularly important. JEL classification: H200, H300, H540, H710, H810.
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  • 94
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 185-227
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 185-227
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Latvia
    Abstract: At the time of this review, fiscal policy in Latvia was in considerable turmoil as a consequence of the world-wide financial crisis. Thus, some of the usual budget rules and procedures were not followed during budget preparation 2009 and 2010 and budget execution 2009. This review examines the usual budget rules and procedures that were followed until 2008 and also the major institutional revisions that were discussed in 2009. The instability of fiscal policy is a major problem for Latvia and there is an urgent need to bring more stability to the budget process.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-39
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-39
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Turkey
    Abstract: The effective and efficient use of public resources has vital importance for Turkey. To serve this purpose, public financial management was reformed and a performance budgeting system was launched in Turkey. This article assesses the current situation of the implementation of the performance budgeting system in Turkey from the perspective of public administrations under the general budget. It examines all stages of the performance budgeting process (strategic planning, performance programming, budgeting, accountability reporting and auditing) as well as all elements of the system (legislation, methodology, co.ordination, guidance, ownership, implementation, and factors affecting the process). It identifies the strengths of the system and the problems faced. JEL classification: H110, H610.
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