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  • 2010-2014  (191)
  • 2010  (191)
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Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    The Egyptian fertility survey, 1980 (1983-)
    Cairo : The Agency
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Book
    GBV
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public sentinel : news media & governance reform (2010)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821382004 (Sekundärausgabe) , 0821382012 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821382004 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821382011 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: Ill. , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 0821382004
    Edition: ISBN 0821382012 (electronic)
    Edition: ISBN 9780821382004
    Edition: ISBN 9780821382011 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 302.23
    Note: "Originated with a workshop held in May 2007 at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government"--Pref , Online-Ausg.:
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8200-4
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The global opportunity in IT-based services : assessing and enhancing country competitiveness (2010)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082138192X (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821381922 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: Ill. , 21 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 082138192X (pbk.)
    Edition: ISBN 9780821381922 (pbk.)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 303.48/33091724
    Note: "infoDev"--Cover , Online-Ausg.:
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8192-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The quality of life in Latin American cities : markets and perception (2010)
    Washington, DC : Inter-American Development Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821378376 (Sekundärausgabe) , 0821382136 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821378373 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821382134 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: Ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 0821378376 (pbk.)
    Edition: ISBN 0821382136 (electronic)
    Edition: ISBN 9780821378373 (pbk.)
    Edition: ISBN 9780821382134 (electronic)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    DDC: 306.09728/091732
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-7837-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The promise of early childhood development in Latin America and the Caribbean (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821381644 , 9780821381649 , 9780821377598 , 0821377590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxix, 188 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Palo Alto, Calif ebrary 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Vegas, Emiliana The promise of early childhood development in Latin America and the Caribbean
    DDC: 305.23109729
    Keywords: Child welfare ; Child development ; Child welfare ; Children Social conditions ; Children Social conditions ; Child development
    Description / Table of Contents: Machine generated contents note: 1.An Analytical Framework for Early Childhood Development2.Overview of Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean Today -- 3.Evidence on Early Childhood Interventions from Around the World -- 4.Early Childhood Development Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean -- 5.Increasing Early Childhood Development Program Coverage in the Region: The Need for Comprehensive Approaches -- 6.Conclusion.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-173) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-7759-8
    URL: Inhaltsbeschreibung der Sammlung und Zugangshinweise
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    GBV
    KOBV
    HeBIS
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The quality of life in Latin American cities : markets and perception (2010)
    Washington, DC ;s.l : Inter-American Development Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvii, 263 p) , ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: Online edition s.l.
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    Series Statement: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 306.09728/091732
    Keywords: Cities and towns / Latin America ; Quality of life / Latin America ; Latin America / Economic conditions ; Latin America / Social conditions
    Description / Table of Contents: Latin American cities: their origins, achievements, and problems / Eduardo LoraMeasuring quality of life in Latin America's urban neighborhoods: a summary of results from the city case studies / Andrew Powell and Pablo Sanguinetti -- Toward an urban quality of life index: basic theory and econometric methods / Bernard M.S. von Praag and Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell -- Well-being at the subcity level: the Buenos Aires neighborhood quality of life survey / Guillermo Cruces, Andrés Ham, and Martín Tetaz -- Quality of life in urban neighborhoods of Bogotá And Medellín, Colombia / Carlos Medina, Leonardo Morales, and Jairo Núñez -- Pricing amenities in urban neighborhoods of Costa Rica / Luis J. Hall, Juan Robalino, and Róger Madrigal -- Influence of individual, urban, and civil society spheres on quality of life in metropolitan Lima, Peru / Lorena Alcázar and Raúl Andrade -- Housing and neighborhood satisfaction in Montevideo, Uruguay / Zuleika Ferre, Néstor Gandelman, and Giorgina Piani.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7837-3
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    Online Resource
    München BSB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    BVB
    HBZ
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Armenia : Public Financial Management Reform Priorities (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The objective of this paper is to provide practical recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the public financial management system as inputs to the envisaged Armenian public financial management (PFM) reform strategy. The paper aims at providing a comprehensive analysis of most of the key elements of the financial management system thus supplementing existing analyses undertaken for each function in isolation. By doing so, the paper aims at contributing to the reaching of consensus among key stakeholders to public financial management and the financial management reform process in Armenia including within the Ministry of Finance, line ministries, elected officials, control agencies, the interested public and international partners. The report is structured as follows: chapter two provides a review of budget formulation processes. Chapter three assesses budget execution. Chapter four looks at capacity, organization and motivation and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) support issues. Finally, chapter five looks at reform scenarios, management and funding
    DOI: 10.1596/2909
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    El Salvador Financial Sector Assessment Program Update : Capital Market Development (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The capital markets in Salvador are small and relatively underdeveloped, and have played a very limited role in the economy. On average, institutional investors invest less than 10 percent of their total assets in capital market instruments. In 2009, there were only five new issuances of corporate bonds and three in the case of equity. Banks and pension funds are the main institutional investors. The current market architecture and the natural monopoly it grants to the exchange hamper market development and prevent the modernization of the regulatory framework. There is an urgent need to overhaul of the regulatory framework to promote sound market development in the short-to-medium term. The regulatory framework should guarantee a level playing field between bonds and bank deposits, which should be reflected in the investment guidelines for institutional investors. The exchange should reposition itself to become more competitive and strategic at the local and regional level. The investment funds law should be finally approved to broaden and diversify the investor base. The importance of this reform is paramount as the current reliance on just two main institutional investors (banks and pension funds), with investment limitations (35 percent each per issue), creates a major limitation for new issuances. In the medium -to long- run, it is recommended to explore gradually integrating the individual markets at the regional level. This paper is divided into following four parts: part one gives current market situation; part two gives regulatory and supervisory framework; part three gives recommendations; and part four is reference section
    DOI: 10.1596/27735
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Latvia Diagnostic Review of Consumer Protection and Financial Capability : Volume 2. Comparison Against Good Practices (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Diagnostic Review of Consumer Protection and Financial Capability in Latvia is the ninth report in a World Bank-sponsored pilot program to assess consumer protection in financial services in developing and middle-income countries. The publication of the Diagnostic Review for Latvia aims to enhance development of financial consumer protection both in Latvia and worldwide. The Review is presented in two volumes. Volume I notes the importance of consumer protection in financial services, describes the Government's policy strategy for financial consumer protection, provides statistics on the size and growth of the retail financial sector in Latvia, and sets out the key findings and recommendations of the Review. Volume II provides an assessment of the Latvian consumer protection institutional and legal framework and practices against the benchmark of Good Practices for six segments of the financial sector-banking, nonbanking credit institutions, securities, insurance, private pensions and credit reporting systems
    DOI: 10.1596/25904
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    State-Building : Key Concepts and Operational Implications in Two Fragile States--The Case of Sierra Leone and Liberia (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This paper aims to provide a very distilled summary of the concepts shaping the discourse around state-building in fragile, conflict-affected situations, and to explore some of the operational implications for international development practitioners working in these settings, drawing on experience from two post-conflict countries. The paper arises out of a collaboration between Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (UNDP) and the World Bank's Fragile and Conflict-Affected Countries Group to strengthen their analytical work and guidance to country offices in the area of state building, and to extend interagency cooperation at headquarters and field level. This paper, and the operational guidance it proposes, is a product of the missions to Sierra Leone and Liberia, and its principal audience is country office staff in fragile and conflict-affected settings. The material in this paper is organised around four themes:(i) Current concepts and theory on state-building; (ii) Our practical experience with applying a state-building lens to specific aspects of programming in Sierra Leone and Liberia; (iii) Some operational considerations on approaching statebuilding in fragile, conflict-affected settings; and (iv) Proposals for what an overworked country office can do to support state-building. This paper sits alongside a detailed report on, Donor Support for Capacity Development in Post-Conflict States: Reflections from Two Case Studies in West Africa, which was also developed as part of the UNDP-World Bank collaboration and field missions
    DOI: 10.1596/24780
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mongolia : Groundwater Assessment of the Southern Gobi Region (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The report looks critically at the water resources and the current and projected future water demands in the Southern Gobi Region (SGR) using the widely dispersed data and information that are currently available. An important conclusion of the report is that almost all the significant sources of groundwater in the SGR are 'fossil' or 'non-renewable', meaning that they are finite resources which cannot be replenished. Not only will that, but pumping water out of these fosil aquifers tend to cause a drop in the groundwater levels above them. The report proposes practical steps by which water resources development and management could be managed to best serve economic and infrastructure development while giving attention to environmental protection and service to communities in the SGR. The report also highlights the urgent need for more data. A more detailed picture of the distribution and quantity of the groundwater would give planners first, a better idea of both the limits to the growth of the SGR; and, second, of the future water demands, its spatial distribution, quality requirements, and the possibilities to increase water use efficiency and water re-use. Thus there is a need to bring all information and data together to form the basis for rational planning
    DOI: 10.1596/27855
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Madagascar Economic Update : Why Has the Malagasy Economy Not Yet Collapsed? (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Madagascar's economy has suffered but not collapsed since the beginning of the political crisis in early 2009. This resistance is viewed mainly as the combination of: 1) the modest rebound in private activities due to the quasi-absence of violence over the past few months; 2) the surge in informal activities pushed by the strong performance of the rural sector; and 3) official aid flows, still equivalent to 5 percent of Gross Domestic product (GDP), that have been directed to vulnerable population and communities
    DOI: 10.1596/27824
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Republic of Indonesia Financial Sector Assessment Program : CPSS-IOSCO Recommendations for Securities Settlement Systems--The Equity and Corporate Bonds Securities Settlement Systems (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This assessment forms part of the joint International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Bank Indonesia Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) which is being undertaken during 2009-2010. The assessment, which covers the private sector equity and corporate bonds securities system's observance of the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems / International Organization of Securities Commissions (CPSS/IOSCO) recommendations for securities settlement systems, was conducted during an ad hoc mission. The assessment focuses on two types of trades. First the clearing and settlement process is assessed as regards equity transactions traded on the stock exchange Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX), cleared through the Clearing and Guarantee Corporation (KPEI) clearing system (e-CLEARS) and settled through the Central Securities Depository for the Stock Exchange securities (KSEI) settlement system (C-BEST). In addition, the assessment focuses on corporate bond transactions, which are traded outside the exchange and settled through the KSEI settlement system (C-BEST)
    DOI: 10.1596/27739
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Life chances in Turkey : expanding opportunities for the next generation (2010)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821384007 (Sekundärausgabe) , 0821384015 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821384008 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821384015 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: Ill. , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 0821384007 (alk. paper)
    Edition: ISBN 0821384015
    Edition: ISBN 9780821384008 (alk. paper)
    Edition: ISBN 9780821384015
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 305.2309561/090511
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8400-8
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public sentinel : news media & governance reform (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821382011 , 9780821382004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 420 p) , ill
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Print version Public Sentinel : News Media and Governance Reform
    DDC: 302.23
    Keywords: Journalism Political aspects ; Mass media Political aspects ; Representative government and representation ; Democracy ; Press and politics ; Democracy ; Journalism ; Political aspects ; Mass media ; Political aspects ; Press and politics ; Representative government and representation ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to inform governance advisors about the vital role of the news media for governance reform. This book approaches the issue of news media and governance with three broad questions that it attempts to answer on the basis of quantitative data and case studies. First, a normative approach asks: What ideal roles should media systems play to strengthen democratic governance and thus bolster human development? Second, an empirical approach considers independent evidence derived from cross-national comparisons and from selected case studies, asking: Under what conditions d
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; Foreword; About the Contributors; Preface and Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Part I Introduction: Framing the Debate; Figures; Tables; Part II The Democratic Roles of Media Systems; Part III Regional Case Studies of Media Roles; Part IV Conclusions: Summing Up the Evidence, Identifying Effective Policy Options; Bibliography; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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    GBV
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    World Bank engagement at the state level : the cases of Brazil, India, Nigeria, and the Russian Federation (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821382241 , 082138225X , 9780821382240 , 9780821382257
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 115 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: IEG study series
    DDC: 332.1/532
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic assistance Case studies ; Economic assistance Case studies ; World Bank ; Economic assistance
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionWhich states? Evolution of the Bank strategy -- The scope of Bank engagement -- Modalities of state-level engagement -- Summary of findings.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-115)
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8224-0
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterizing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa : time for strategic action (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821381377 , 9780821381373
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 282 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 614.5/9939200956
    Keywords: AIDS (Disease) ; AIDS (Disease) ; AIDS (Disease) ; AIDS (Disease) ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology ; HIV Infections epidemiology ; HIV Infections epidemiology ; HIV Infections transmission ; HIV Infections transmission ; Health Planning ; Health Planning ; Health Policy ; Health Policy ; Risk Factors ; Risk Factors ; AIDS (Disease) ; AIDS (Disease) ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; Health Planning ; Health Planning ; Health Policy ; Health Policy ; Risk Factors ; Risk Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: Characterizing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa : why and how?Injecting drug users and HIV -- Men who have sex with men and HIV -- Commercial sex and HIV -- Potential bridging populations and HIV -- General population and HIV -- Further evidence related to HIV epidemiology in MENA -- Condom knowledge and use and HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes -- HIV/AIDS and vulnerability settings -- Proxy biological markers of sexual risk behavior -- Analytical insights into HIV transmission dynamics and epidemic potential in MENA -- Snapshot on response to HIV epidemic in MENA : linking evidence with policy and programmatic action to avert the epidemic -- Summary of recommendations.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 248-263) and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8137-3
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Innovation policy : a guide for developing countries (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821382691 , 0821383019 , 9780821382691 , 9780821383018
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 408 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338/.064091724
    Keywords: Technological innovations ; Technology Economic aspects ; Technological innovations ; Technology Economic aspects ; Technological innovations ; Technology
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8269-1
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Little Data Book on Information and Communication Technology 2010 (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821384473
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: This Little Data Book presents at-a-glance tables for over 140 economies showing the most recent national data on key indicators of information and communications technology (ICT), including access, quality, affordability, efficiency,sustainability, and applications
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8248-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial services and preferential trading arrangements : lessons from Latin America (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082138273X , 9780821382738
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 318 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.1098
    Keywords: Financial services industry Government policy ; Financial services industry Government policy ; Financial services industry ; Latin America ; Latin America ; Latin America Commercial policy ; Latin America Commercial treaties ; Latin America Commercial policy ; Latin America Commercial treaties
    Description / Table of Contents: Financial services and trade agreements: an overviewArchitectural approaches to the treatment of trade and investment in financial services in selected preferential trade agreements -- Preparing for a bilateral negotiation in financial services -- Conducting a trade-related regulatory audit in financial services -- Trade in financial services: the case of Chile -- Financial services in the Colombia-U.S. free trade agreement -- The U.S.-DR-CAFTA negotiations on financial services: the experience of Costa Rica.
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8273-8
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Little Data Book 2010 (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821384459
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (235 p)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: Now in its eighth edition, this pocket-sized reference on key development data for over 200 countries provides profiles of each country with 54 development indicators about people, environment, economy, technology and infrastructure, trade, and finance. It is intended as a quick reference for users of World Development Indicators and the Atlas of Global Development
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8244-8
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  • 22
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    Online Resource
    Trade competitiveness of the Middle East and North Africa : policies for export diversification (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821380745 , 9780821380741 , 9780821380758
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 336 p) , ill. (some col.) , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Trade
    Keywords: Competition, International ; Exports ; Exports ; Foreign trade promotion ; Foreign trade promotion ; Competition, International ; Exports ; Exports ; Foreign trade promotion ; Foreign trade promotion ; Competition, International ; Exports ; Exports ; Foreign trade promotion ; Foreign trade promotion ; Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Africa, North Commerce ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Middle East Commerce ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration ; Africa, North Commerce ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Middle East Commerce ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration
    Description / Table of Contents: Trade reforms for export competitiveness : what are the issues for the Middle East and North Africa? / Ndiamé Diop, José R. López-Cálix, and Peter WalkenhorstFDI flows and export diversification : looking at extensive and intensive margins / Julien Gourdon -- Promoting new exports : experience from industry case studies / Claudia Nassif -- Export diversification in Algeria / Ricardo Hausmann, Bailey Klinger, and José R. López-Cálix -- Emerging export services : where does Tunisia stand? / Olivier Cattaneo, Ndiamé Diop, and Peter Walkenhorst -- Anchoring services reform : the European neighborhood policy and Morocco / Ndiamé Diop -- Services trade as an engine of development : situation and prospects in Algeria / Olivier Cattaneo ... [et al.] -- Economic growth in China and India : challenges and opportunities for the Middle East and North Africa / Elena Ianchovichina, Maros Ivanic, and Will Martin -- Globalization and competition from China and India : policy responses in the Middle East and North Africa / Paul Brenton, Lulu Shui, and Peter Walkenhorst -- Regional integration : status, developments, and challenges / Lulu Shui and Peter Walkenhorst -- Economic gains of regional agreements in the Maghreb : deeper versus wider integration / Paloma Anos Casero and Ganesh Kumar Seshan.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8074-1
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    Development as leadership-led change : a report for the Global Leadership Initiative (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821383957 , 9780821383957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 75 p) , ill , 25 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank study
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Leadership ; Organizational change ; Leadership ; Organizational change ; Leadership ; Organizational change
    Abstract: Development involves change, but many development initiatives produce unimpressive results. The authors ask why and consider how to close the gap between the intended change and what we actually see in the evidence. This paper presents the findings of a study, initiated by the multi-donor Global Leadership Initiative and led by the World Bank Institute, to examine leadership in the change processes of fourteen capacity development interventions in eight developing countries, through 140 in-depth structured interviews. It explores what it takes to make change happen and in particular, the role leadership plays in effecting change. The authors propose that leadership contributes to change when it builds "change space" by fostering acceptance for change, granting authority for change, introducing or freeing the abilities necessary to achieve change. This "change space" is required to ensure contextual readiness for change and foster progress through the difficult stages of the change process. An analytical framework is introduced to illustrate the dimensions of this "change space" and its limits in organizational and social change. The authors argue that a lack of "change space" in many development contexts may be overlooked, contributing to failure. The paper concludes that leadership manifests in different ways in different contexts, depending on the contextual readiness and factors that shape change and leadership opportunities; but the key characteristics of plurality, functionality, problem orientation and "change space" creation are likely to be common to all successful leadership-led change events
    Note: Includes bibliographical (p. 68-75) references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8395-7
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    Trade in services negotiations : a guide for developing countries (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821384104 , 9780821384107 , 9780821384114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 177 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 382/.45000917724
    Keywords: General Agreement on Trade in Services ; General Agreement on Trade in Services ; Foreign trade regulation ; Free trade ; Service industries Law and legislation ; Service industries ; Foreign trade regulation ; Free trade ; Service industries Law and legislation ; Service industries ; General Agreement on Trade in Services ; Foreign trade regulation ; (1994) ; Free trade ; Service industries ; Service industries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    Description / Table of Contents: The strategic development role of trade in services / Sebastián SáezNegotiating trade in services : a practical guide for developing countries / Mario Marconini and Pierre Sauvé -- The negotiation and management of regulations in the trade in services / Sebastián Sáez and Marcel Vaillant -- Liberalization in the trade in services : a negotiation exercise / Sebastián Sáez and Anna Lanoszka.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8410-7
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    Malnutrition in Afghanistan : scale, scope, causes, and potential response (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821384414 , 0821384422 , 9780821384411 , 9780821384428
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 210 p) , ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.196/39009581
    Keywords: Malnutrition ; Malnutrition ; Child Welfare ; Health Policy ; International Cooperation ; Malnutrition ; Maternal Welfare ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Malnutrition ; Child Welfare ; Health Policy ; International Cooperation ; Malnutrition ; Maternal Welfare ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: The current nutrition situation in AfghanistanThe determinants of undernutrition in Afghanistan -- Political economy and capacity to address undernutrition -- Current programs, gaps, and opportunities -- Recommendations.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8441-1
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    Strategic environmental assessment in policy and sector reform : conceptual model and operational guidance (2010)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821385593 , 0821385607 , 9780821385593 , 9780821385609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 222 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Environment and development
    DDC: 333.7/14
    Keywords: Environmental impact analysis ; Strategic planning Environmental aspects ; Environmental impact analysis ; Strategic planning Environmental aspects ; Environmental impact analysis ; Strategic planning
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8559-3
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    Restoring balance : Bangladesh's rural energy realities (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082137897X , 9780821378977
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 141 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 181
    DDC: 333.79095492
    Keywords: Energy consumption ; Rural public utilities ; Energy consumption ; Rural public utilities
    Note: "This study was conducted with the technical and financial support from the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), the collaborative efforts of the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) in Dhaka and the World Bank" --p. xi , Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-138)
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7897-7
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    Financing higher education in Africa (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821383345 , 9780821383346
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 170 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    Keywords: Education, Higher Finance ; Education, Higher Finance ; Education, Higher
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8334-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    The Little Data Book on External Debt 2010 (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821384671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on External Debt provides a quick reference for users interested in external debt stocks and flows, major economic aggregates, key debt ratios, and the currency composition of long-term debt for all countries reporting through the Debtor Reporting system. A pocket edition of Global Development Finance 2010, Summary and Country Tables, it contains statistical tables for 135 countries as well as summary tables for regional and income groups
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8246-2
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    The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821384480
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (233 p)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 is one of a series of pocket-sized books intended to provide a quick reference to development data on different topics. It provides data for more than 20 key indicators on business environment and private sector development in a single page for each of the World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. These more than 200 country pages are supplemented by aggregate data for regional and income groupings
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8247-9
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    Private health sector assessment in Kenya (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821383590 , 0821383639 , 9780821383599 , 9780821383636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 164 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 193
    DDC: 362.1096762
    Keywords: Health facilities, Proprietary ; Medical care ; Medical care surveys ; Medical economics ; Health facilities, Proprietary ; Medical care ; Medical care surveys ; Medical economics ; Health Care Surveys ; Health Planning ; Health Services ; Private Sector ; Quality Assurance, Health Care
    Description / Table of Contents: MethodologyAssessment findings and issues -- Recommendations.
    Note: "Investment climate in health series"--P. iii , Includes bibliographical references (p. 162-164)
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8359-9
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    Achieving effective social protection for all in Latin America and the Caribbean : from right to reality (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821383981 , 082138399X , 9780821383988 , 9780821383995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 121 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 361.98
    Keywords: Economic assistance, Domestic ; Public welfare ; Social security ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Public welfare ; Social security ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Public welfare ; Social security
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8398-8
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    The changing wealth of nations : measuring sustainable development in the new millennium (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821384886 , 9780821385548
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 221 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Environment and development
    DDC: 338.9/27
    Keywords: Economic indicators ; Sustainable development
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8488-6
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    Making Infrastructure Work for Women and Men : A Review of World Bank Infrastructure Projects (1995-2009) (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report provides a gender review of a decade and a half of World Bank infrastructure lending for 1,246 projects. The objective of this review is to assess the status of and trends in gender integration in the World Bank infrastructure portfolio, and to establish a baseline for monitoring and enhancing gender integration in line with commitments made for the 2006 gender action plan. The portfolio review reveals important progress on gender integration in infrastructure operations. While an average of 14 percent of infrastructure projects in 1995 applied some attention to gender concerns in 1995, this climbed to 36 percent by 2009. The global average, moreover, hides large strides made over time in four regions. In 2009, East Asia and the Pacific, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, and Africa all included gender concerns in the design of at least 50 percent of their infrastructure projects. Hard work remains in consolidating and extending the gains in gender coverage across the infrastructure portfolio. This will require stronger management commitment, concerted efforts, a plan with targets to achieve sustainable results, resources, specialist staffing, and capacity enhancement of staff. The portfolio review repeatedly found that supporting gender equality and women's empowerment in infrastructure operations have large benefits for the communities; the actions not only increased women's opportunities but also enhanced project effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability
    DOI: 10.1596/28131
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    Economic Integration in the GCC (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This study discusses the status of economic integration of the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries among themselves, with the larger Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and globally. It also assesses the main challenges to further integration. The GCC is the most advanced example of sub regional integration in the MENA region, and its objectives are among the most ambitious in the developing world. It has evolved well beyond a focus on free trade in goods to embrace high levels of cross-national labor and capital mobility, and the progressive opening of many sectors within each economy to all member states. The GCC has made good progress on regional integration since its establishment in 1981. Integration efforts have gained considerable momentum following the ratification of the Unified economic agreement in 2001, the signing of the customs union agreement in 2003, and the adoption of the common market agreement in 2008. Under the customs union agreement, member countries have eliminated intraregional tariffs, unified external tariffs, and eased trade restrictions, bringing about a notable increase in the value of goods traded among member states
    DOI: 10.1596/27898
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    Reducing the Human and Environmental Risks of Obsolete Pesticides : A GIS-Based Tool for Priority-Setting (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Obsolete pesticide stocks have accumulated in most of the world's developing countries and economies in transition in recent decades. International organizations estimate that some 500,000 tons are stockpiled worldwide, about half of which are located in countries of the former Soviet Union. Across the African continent, obsolete stocks total about 50,000 tons, while Latin America has at least 30,000 tons. This report includes the following sections: section one includes overview, section two include risk assessment method for priority-setting. Section three includes setting cleanup priorities in Tunisia. Section four includes cleanup and safeguarding highlights in Africa. Finally, section five includes reducing the risk
    DOI: 10.1596/27844
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    Economic Integration in the Maghreb (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report reviews the status of Maghreb countries' economic integration with the world, with the Arab world, and within the Maghreb itself. It focuses on trade in goods and services, labor and capital flows, financial integration and cross-border infrastructure integration. It discusses the potential benefits of and key constraints to greater integration. The focus on trade liberalization with the European Union (EU) provides an opportunity for individual Maghreb countries to lock in policies that would eventually help them harmonize policies within their own region. The same argument can be made regarding accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Maghreb countries would reap significant additional benefits if, in parallel to reforms undertaken to improve trade liberalization with Europe, they improved conditions for streamlined trade among themselves. There is significant potential for trade in services in the financial sector, transportation and logistics, and communications and information, among other sectors. According to some studies, comprehensive services reforms that involve increased competition and regulatory streamlining would yield benefits that are at least twice the magnitude of those achieved through tariff removal alone
    DOI: 10.1596/27833
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    Globalized, Resilient, Dynamic : The New Face of Latin America and the Caribbean (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Latin America and Caribbean Semiannual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Many countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region, especially in South America, fared well during the global crisis and are now on a strong growth path. The region s recession in 2009 was relatively short lived and, with the notable exception of Mexico, remarkably mild. The current pace of economic recovery is exceeding expectations, with gross domestic product (GDP) projected to grow in the 5-6 percent range in 2010. This report discusses LAC's newfound resilience in the midst of financial globalization, examining key features of the cyclical behavior of LAC economies in comparison to other emerging economies and to its own past. Resilience is defined throughout this report in a broad sense to denote the ability of an economy to navigate with minimum disturbances through shocks, cushioning their negative spillovers in bad times, and recovering fast after a downturn. The report is structured as follows: first, it evaluates the relative performance of LAC countries during the contractionary period generated by the recent global crisis, to shed light on LAC's ability to shield its economies or soften the blow of a large external shock. Second, a similar exercise is conducted for the recovery phase of the cycle, when in the aftermath of an external shock more resilient countries will be expected to have a faster and more robust recovery. Third, it takes a deeper look at the different driving forces behind the recovery, including the role of domestic demand, commodity prices, and the connection to emerging Asia. Fourth, it provides evidence of the ability of different countries in LAC to conduct counter-cyclical policies in response to the global financial crisis. Lastly, a concluding section warns about the main macro-financial tensions and challenges lying ahead for the region
    DOI: 10.1596/27782
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    Outsourcing of Business Registration Activities : Lessons from Experience (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the private sector, outsourcing has become a recognized feature of the business scene. While there are various reasons for contracting out functions to external organizations, in general the justification relates to the potential cost-benefit from adopting this approach. This study set out to ascertain whether the same considerations applied to administrative procedures associated with starting a business. Did business registries outsource any or all of their functions? If so, did the same considerations apply as for the private sector? Were there lessons to be learned from their experience? Responses to these and other questions were received from 53 registries. This paper is not about global commerce, at least, not in the usual sense. It is about some of the more mundane administrative procedures that underpin the activities of the private sector, the basics that help it to function. Business registration is seen as a key factor in determining the investment climate of a country
    DOI: 10.1596/27884
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    Policy Framework Paper on Business Licensing Reform and Simplification (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper includes an overall introduction to the uses (and abuses) of business licenses, and to the way business licensing reforms can be organized. It also provides a broad overview and framework for licensing reforms. This paper is supported by more detailed case studies of licensing reform in particular sectors, and other guidance for facilities and field operations. This includes a detailed manual on 'how to' review and reform licenses and also information about how to apply effective and insightful Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) to licensing reviews and reforms. Part one of this paper provides a contextual overview of key issues associated with government regulation. The rationale for government regulation (including licensing) is discussed, along with a description of the benefits and features of good regulatory design. Part two discusses the features of business licenses, the potential advantages and disadvantages of licensing and a discussion of the use of licensing fees and charges. Part three provides an overview of 'how to' reform business licenses and licensing systems. It summarizes broad approaches to reform, such as using a comprehensive 'top-down' approach to reviewing the stock of existing licenses, or where appropriate using a more targeted approach which focuses on particular types or categories of licenses. Part four of this paper focuses on M&E of licensing reform and simplification programs. This includes developing an M&E framework and measuring the significance and effects (e.g., the frequency and administrative burdens) generated by different types of licenses
    DOI: 10.1596/27885
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    Tools and Approaches to Review Existing Regulations (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper looks at the existing tools and approaches most commonly used in developed and developing countries to review the stock of regulations. The tools reviewed can generate benefits in the short term, but they are most effective as part of a longer-term sustained initiative. This paper has a particular focus on the challenges that arise from their use in emerging and developing countries. The objectives of this paper include: 1) explaining the rationale for the use of these tools and approaches; 2) discussing each one of them in a succinct way; 3) considering the extent to which these tools can support more systemic regulatory reforms in the medium and long terms; and 4) considering the particular challenges and opportunities regarding their use in developing and emerging economies. Section one is a brief description of the rationale and context for applying tools and approaches to review the stock of regulation. It includes a reference to benefits and preconditions to make use of these tools. It also presents a categorization of the most commonly used tools and a comparative table on the way these tools can be applied. Section two presents a description of each of the different tools and approaches available, and discusses the way they are used and their main components. It includes references to international experiences in which these tools have been integrated into the regulatory reform process. Section three presents preliminary commentary about some of the potential advantages, disadvantages, and impacts of using these tools and approaches in developing countries. Some particular cases are presented to illustrate these trends. The section also includes a short description of the sequence observed in the use of some of these tools. Moreover, this section illustrates how these tools can (or cannot) generate gains in the short term and also provide a basis for further and broader regulatory reform programs
    DOI: 10.1596/27876
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    Better Regulation for Growth : Governance Frameworks and Tools for Effective Regulatory Reform (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Institutional and Governance Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Regulatory reform has emerged as an important policy area in developing countries. For reforms to be beneficial, regulatory regimes need to be transparent, coherent, and comprehensive. They must establish appropriate institutional frameworks and liberalized business regulations; enforce competition policy and law; and open external and internal markets to trade and investment. This report examines the institutional set-up for and use of regulatory policy instruments in Zambia. It is one of five reports prepared on countries in East and Southern Africa (the others are on Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania). The report is based on a review of public documents prepared by the government, donors, and the private sector, and on a limited number of interviews with key institutions and individuals
    DOI: 10.1596/27866
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    Indonesia Jobs Report : Towards Better Jobs and Security for All (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Indonesia has enjoyed a demographic dividend over the last forty years. The working population has been growing faster than the population of non-working dependents. This presents a major opportunity for economic growth and poverty reduction, provided that more jobs and better jobs are created to employ a workforce, which will grow by an estimated 20 million workers over the next ten years. Today's policy makers in Indonesia face a strategic challenge in identifying which policies and programs will spur the creation of good jobs while, at the same time, ensuring that workers are better protected from risks threatening their income security. Decisions about labor policies are particularly difficult because they can directly affect the well-being of workers, both inside and outside the formal jobs market, and the firms that are the main engines of job growth. Sound empirical data will help guide the debate around labor reform. The Indonesia jobs report, prepared by the World Bank in cooperation with the Government of Indonesia and local research partners, is the most comprehensive assessment of the country's labor market that has been carried out in the last decade. The report uses the most up-to-date data available to examine the performance of the labor market, changes in the supply of workers, and the effects of labor policies. The findings will help inform future policy directions and contribute towards evidence-based decision making. Stimulating the growth of better jobs requires a multi-pronged approach. This report recommends much needed reforms of labor policies and programs. Equally important, however, are reforms that accelerate job creation by improving infrastructure and the investment climate, alongside reforms that aim at improving the quality of education. Success will depend on working partnerships between the government, employer associations, labor unions and other civil society groups, with the support of Indonesia's think tanks and international development partners. This report helps reinvigorate policy dialogue about job creation and worker security. Learning from experiences and international best practices, Indonesia will be better prepared to navigate a course towards 'win-win' solutions that accelerate the creation of better jobs without sacrificing adequate protection for workers
    DOI: 10.1596/27901
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    Timor-Leste : An Analysis of Early Grade Reading Acquisition (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report examines the status of reading acquisition in Timor-Leste's primary schools. It is written for education stakeholders and policy makers in Timor-Leste, including government officials, politicians, educators, parents, Timor-Leste's donor partners and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) active in the country. Because the report is aimed at those who are already familiar with the education system in Timor-Leste, it will not attempt to describe the education system, its history, or the issues, with one important exception, that policy makers and stakeholders are currently confronting. One issue in Timor-Leste, however, merits special mention in the context of this analysis. Approximately 30 percent of primary school age children in Timor-Leste are not enrolled in primary school because they never started school or have dropped out. This study assesses the reading ability only of those children who are in school. The findings show significant problems with reading acquisition for children in school. If those children who are not in school had been included in the sample, the results will be lower than those currently presented. In Timor-Leste, improving reading acquisition in the early grades is expected to lead to better learning outcomes, as well as to better access, reduced repetition and fewer drop outs
    DOI: 10.1596/27847
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  • 45
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    Poverty Status in Afghanistan : A Profile Based on National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 2007/08 (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Poverty reduction is one of the three key objectives of the Afghanistan national development strategy. The poverty profile is an important element in the information kit of the policymaker that helps focus policy to attain this objective. A poverty profile is standard methodology to describe the extent and nature of poverty in a country or region. It assesses the magnitude of poverty and its distribution across geographic and socioeconomic domains, provides information on the characteristics of the poor, illustrates the heterogeneity among the poor, and identifies correlates of poverty. The report describes the multidimensional nature of poverty by encompassing the nonmonetary dimensions of poverty, particularly education and health status, and vulnerability to shocks. Tables in the report are also disaggregated by region, income sources, gender, and many socioeconomic characteristics. In addition to providing a picture of the many dimensions of poverty, it is important to also recognize that the poverty estimates in this report are the first nationally representative, seasonally smoothed estimates of wellbeing for Afghanistan. Because previously no such existing estimates were available, the provision of these estimates in this report is new analysis that substantially fills key knowledge gaps in our understanding of the poverty situation in Afghanistan
    DOI: 10.1596/27827
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  • 46
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    Financing Public Environmental Expenditures in Mongolia (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Environmental Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Public environmental expenditure is an important policy matter for the Mongolian economy and society. Environmental expenditures include items related to protection of the environment that may be incurred by the public or private sectors. There are issues of coverage; in particular, some countries do not include natural resource sectors. Where an investment is made by industry, part of it may have the effect of reducing emissions. Rules for establishing environmental expenditure data were prepared by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the late 1970s and revised in 2001. This note reviews the financing of public environmental expenditures in Mongolia. The aim is to obtain more information on the trends in this sector with respect to levels of spending as well as the breakdown of that spending between different areas. The study also aims to shed light on the effectiveness of the expenditures and how this has been changing since 2000. Finally, it makes some recommendations for changes that could improve the management of this sector
    DOI: 10.1596/27825
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  • 47
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    Madagascar Investment Climate Assessment Update (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Given the need to improve the overall investment climate in the Republic of Madagascar, an Indian Ocean island nation located off the east coast of Africa, this Investment Climate Assessment Update (ICAU) evaluates trends and characteristics associated with firm, growth, and performance. More specifically, the ICAU examines firm level growth and productivity, and how they are related to firm characteristics and to certain obstacles facing firms in manufacturing and services during the period 2004-2007. The scope of this report is narrower than that of typical investment climate assessment. This is a result of political situation in Madagascar and data availability. The current political crisis will likely have significant consequences for incentives to invest, and on firm growth and performance in both the domestic and export markets. However, these impacts are hard to identify while the crisis is ongoing. In addition, the enterprise survey data used in this report are entirely pre-crisis (covering the period 2004-2007). Therefore, with the exception of parts of chapter one on the macroeconomic and political background, this report will focus on the pre-crisis period. Nevertheless, the analysis will focus on trends that author expect to be structural rather than cyclical and which therefore will be informative in terms of setting the basis for policy dialogue with the government of Madagascar when the crisis recedes
    DOI: 10.1596/27783
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  • 48
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    Egypt Economic Update, Fall 2010 (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Egypt's growth accelerated in the second half of FY10. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in FY10 reached 5.8 percent, up from 4.4 percent in FY09 and 4.8 percent in FY10, taking up overall GDP growth to an average of 5.3 percent for the full FY10. Egypt's macroeconomic outlook is stable. Assuming that domestic demand holds up, and Egyptian exports continue their observed recent trend, we expect that the Egyptian economy grows in the range of 6.0 to 6.2 percent in FY11. This is underpinned by strong commitment to maintain structural reforms momentum, and a relatively stable global economy. However, unemployment will remain a challenge as growth as high as 6 percent will barely absorb the increasing number of new entrants to the labor market. Unemployment will continue to be an overriding concern and will gradually fall to around 8.7 percent in FY11. Finally, inflationary pressures are expected to rise, as global prices are likely to filter to domestic consumer prices, domestic demand will gain more solid ground, and gradual adjustment of energy prices will be implemented. Interest rates are not thus expected to rise, yet real interest rates will remain low or negative. This outlook is consistent with that of standard and poor's ratings services which affirmed in 2010
    DOI: 10.1596/27775
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    India Economic Update, June 2010 (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: India's economic performance in FY2009/10 shows that the recovery from the slowdown during the global financial crisis is well underway. India's Gross domestic Product (GDP) growth in FY2009/10 has beaten expectations by reaching 7.4 percent compared with 6.7 percent in the previous year. In particular, agricultural sector growth was better than feared with a slightly positive growth rate despite the worst monsoon shortfall in three decades. Strong growth in the fourth quarter pushed annual GDP growth to 7.4 percent in 2009-10. Fourth quarter growth reached 8.6 percent (y-o-y), the highest quarterly growth rate since the end of FY2007/08. The industrial sector's robust recovery beat expectations. Growth in the last quarter of fiscal year FY2009/10 was an unexpectedly high 13.3 percent resulting in over 12 percent growth in the second half of year, nearly double the 6 percent growth witnessed in the first half. Higher inflation mars the bright picture, but there are clear indications of moderation. Inflation as measured by the wholesale price index (WPI) averaged 10 percent during February-May 2010. India's recovery after the slowdown seems well underway. Growth is projected to climb to 8-9 percent in the next two years. These growth rates are achievable without a renewed build-up of inflationary pressure as long as agricultural growth returns to trend, infrastructure constraints are alleviated, and international prices remain stable. Over the next year, sources of growth will shift from fiscal stimulus to manufacturing and, possibly a recovering agriculture
    DOI: 10.1596/27774
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  • 50
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    Health Provider Payment Reforms in China : What International Experience Tells Us (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper examines health provider payment reforms in China the present system and how it evolved, and changes that will improve it in the context of ongoing health reform. The paper begins with a brief introduction and background discussion followed by two substantive sections experiments with case-based payment systems, and experiments with alternative government budget payment methods. This is followed by an examination of what has worked in China and elsewhere. The concluding discussion considers lessons for China and next steps. Many policy instruments and reforms have been implemented to use National Cooperative Medical System (NCMS), Basic Medical Insurance (BMI), and government health budgets more efficiently. These include alternative payment systems, reduced drug prices, essential drug lists, controlled use of high technologies, and strengthening the primary healthcare system
    DOI: 10.1596/27721
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  • 51
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    The Path to Integrated Insurance Systems in China (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Since the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak, health care in China has become a leading national concern. Often highlighted by the popular phrase, kan-bing-nan, kan-bing-gui (seeking care is difficult and expensive), healthcare costs can be devastating. Prior to 2007, there were two formal insurance programs: the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) for the urban employed population, and the New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance (NRCMI) for rural residents. A third major group-urban resident without formal employment-was essentially left out of the state health security system. In July 2007, the State Council initiated a pilot experiment in 79 cities-the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI). The plan targeted urban residents without formal employment, especially the elderly and children (State Council 2007). The present health policy note provides an updated review of healthcare settings and policy reforms, focusing primarily on urban health financing. It discusses urban insurance in the context of universal coverage and how to harmonize insurance schemes across urban and rural areas. This discussion is placed in the context of global experience and emerging principles of best practices
    DOI: 10.1596/27719
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  • 52
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    Policy Options for Regulating Community Property and Community Protection Zones in Timor-Leste (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Ministry of Justice of the Government of Timor-Leste (GoTL) has requested assistance from the World Bank Justice for the poor program to develop policy options for the implementation of chapter five of the draft land law. The present paper has been developed in response to this request. It is intended as a work in progress and a contribution to the dialogue on the community land policy of Timor- Leste. This paper sets out policy options for the implementation of chapter five of the draft land law. Based on comparative research in similar environments, and case-based research and consultations in Timor-Leste, this paper lays out the issues that the regulation implementing chapter five will most likely need to address, and for each such issue sets out several policy options available to address the issue together with analysis of the strengths and weakness of those options. The paper seeks to identify potential risks relating to the process of formulating and implementing policy for chapter five, and to describe risk mitigation strategies that have proved useful in other settings. The paper seeks to describe policy options and analyze the bases for those options, rather than recommend adoption of particular options, so as to support a detailed discussion of potential options in Timor
    DOI: 10.1596/27718
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    Thailand Economic Monitor, November 2010 (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Growth has slowed down since the second quarter, but exceeded expectations. Considering the 1) political turmoil; 2) robust growth during the rebound; and 3) slowdown in advanced economies, the Thai economy was expected to contract by more than it did in the second and third quarters. The output of the manufacturing sector expanded in the second quarter, led by still-growing exports and robust private consumption. Demand indeed appears to have been higher than production, as some orders had to be filled by drawing down on inventories. However, a sharp contraction in tourism led Gross Domestic product (GDP) overall to contract in the quarter. The FY10 fiscal deficit was much smaller than initially feared when the budget was proposed. The budget for FY10 was prepared at the trough of the global financial crisis in February 2009 and anticipated only 1.35 trillion baht in revenues. Inflation levels have been low and stable but persistent increases in food prices could pose risks. Overall, slower growth in advanced economies will translate into lower GDP growth Thailand for the next two to three years. Notwithstanding a deceleration in the second half because of the waning global inventory cycle, year-on-year growth in 2010 is expected at 7.5 percent due to the low base of 2009 and the strong first half. Quarter-to-quarter growth will pick up modestly in 2011 to average over 4 percent, but the relatively high base in 2010 results in a year-on-year growth rate of 3.2 percent for 2011
    DOI: 10.1596/27708
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  • 54
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    Lao PDR Economic Monitor, May 2010 : Lao PDR Recent Economic Developments (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: 35 million during Oct 2009-Mar 2010 of which
    Abstract: 35 million during Oct 2009-Mar 2010 of which
    DOI: 10.1596/27767
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  • 55
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    Beyond the Sum of Its Parts : Combining Financial Instruments to Support Low-Carbon Development (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The world development report 2010 estimates that an additional
    DOI: 10.1596/27753
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  • 56
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    Payments and Securities Settlement Systems in Pakistan (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The South Asia Payments and Securities Settlement Initiative (SAPI) objective is to describe and assess the payments and securities settlement systems of the countries of South Asia with a view to identifying possible improvement measures in their safety, efficiency and integrity. To assure quality and effectiveness, the SAPI includes two important elements. First, all studies are conducted with the active participation of country officials and the project builds on the existing work being undertaken in the respective countries. Second, the initiative draws on international and national expertise to provide guidance, advice and alternatives to current practices. This report, payments and securities settlement systems in Pakistan, is the first of the public reports in the SAPI series and was prepared with the active support of the State Bank of Pakistan. Economic developments in Pakistan during the last decade have-to a significant extent-been influenced by the Government's program for poverty reduction and the development of markets and the real economy. However, the economic development slowed down in 2008 and 2009, as the macroeconomic situation deteriorated significantly owing to adverse security developments, large price increase of some commodities such as oil and food, global financial turmoil, and national political and security issues. This strong macroeconomic performance resulted from the implementation of a series of important structural reforms. In the early 2000s, the government expanded the role of markets in the economy, privatized a number of large state-owned enterprises, established market-based regulatory bodies, and took steps to reduce the cost of doing business in Pakistan
    DOI: 10.1596/27571
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  • 57
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    Study on Gender Impacts of Land Titling in Post-Tsunami Aceh, Indonesia (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The tsunami that originated from the Indian Ocean in 2004 wreaked massive destruction, killing more than 130,000 people and displacing half a million individuals in Aceh, Indonesia. More than 800 kilometers of coastline was affected, and close to 53,795 land parcels were destroyed. The land administration system sustained significant damage because documentation of land ownership was washed away along with people's houses and other possessions in the affected communities. Physical boundary markers, including trees and fences, also disappeared. An additionally, close to one-third of the land office personnel perished. When the disaster struck, Aceh was reeling from three decades of civil strife. Five years later, in 2009, the province was still in the process of recovery not only from the devastation of the tsunami but also from years of unrest. The premise of this research study is that the gender aspects of women's access to land and property rights cannot be understood solely as an administrative or procedural issue, but should be considered a part of the broader social and cultural dimensions. These dimensions need to be understood in relation to development opportunities, constraints, and risks facing women and affecting their ability to participate in the process of reconstruction and development. Understanding the macro social and institutional processes is essential to influencing and supporting changes to enhance gender equity on land and property rights. The results of this study need to be appreciated within the following limitations: (a) it is affected by the absence of baseline information and gender-disaggregated data on land; (b) the scope of this study is limited to land and property rights only; and (c) by the time this study commenced, the Reconstruction of Aceh Land Administration System Project (RALAS) Grant had closed, and therefore the study served mainly to assess and document the experiences and lessons learned
    DOI: 10.1596/27583
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    Fertility Decline in Pakistan 1980-2006 : A Case Study (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Pakistan was selected as a case study because of its estimated 40 percent decline in fertility between 1980 and 2006. Pakistan's high fertility rate began to decline gradually after the late 1980s and has continued to fall since then, though progress has been uneven and there have been signs of a slowdown in recent years. Unlike the other four case study countries (Algeria, Botswana, Iran, and Nicaragua), the history of fertility reduction in Pakistan has not been an overwhelming success story but rather a story of challenges, partial responses, and shortcomings that offer abundant lessons for other high-fertility countries as well as planners in Pakistan
    DOI: 10.1596/27496
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  • 59
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    Determinants and Consequences of High Fertility : A Synopsis of the Evidence (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the six decades since 1950, fertility has fallen substantially in developing countries. Even so, high fertility, defined as five or more births per woman over the reproductive career, characterizes 33 countries. Twenty-nine of these countries are in Sub-Saharan Africa. High fertility poses health risks for children and their mothers, detracts from human capital investment, slows economic growth, and exacerbates environmental threats. These and other consequences of high fertility are reviewed in the first half of this paper. Recognizing these detrimental consequences motivates two inter-related questions that are addressed in the second half of the paper: Why does high fertility persist? And what can be done about it? The high-fertility countries lag in many development indicators, as reflected for example in their rate of progress toward achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). These countries have also received less development assistance for population and reproductive health than countries more advanced in their transitions to lower fertility, and the assistance they did receive increased only marginally from 1995 to 2007, a period during which commitments to both health and HIV/AIDS rose substantially
    DOI: 10.1596/27497
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  • 60
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    Sustainable Land Management for Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The climate change (CC) caused by increase in atmospheric concentration of CO2 and other Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), can be addressed through adaptation and mitigation strategies. Adaptation consists of strategies which minimize vulnerability to CC. The objective is to increase resilience of the ecosystems and communities through adoption of specific sustainable land management (SLM) techniques that have adaptive benefits. On the other hand, the goal of mitigation strategies is to enhance soil and vegetation (land) sinks for absorbing atmospheric CO2 and to minimize net emissions. In the context of the resource-poor and small landholders of the developing countries, adaptation to CC is essential. Adaptation strategies are needed to enhance the positive and reduce the negative effects of CC. Adaptation is also needed because complete mitigation of CC may never occur. The strategy is to adopt those SLM technologies which have both adaptation and mitigation impacts at multiple scales (household, community, and watershed, national, global). There are four major areas in the tropics and sub-tropics where adoption of SLM technologies can help to both adapt to and mitigate CC: (i) tropical forest ecosystems (TFEs), (ii) tropical savannah and rangeland ecosystems (TSREs), (iii) world cropland soils, and (iv) salinized and degraded/desertified lands. Nonetheless, adoption of SLM technologies in the temperate regions (North America, Europe, Australia, Japan) is also important to adapting to CC. However, this report focuses on SLM options for developing countries of the tropics and sub-tropics
    DOI: 10.1596/27491
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  • 61
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    Fertility Decline in Nicaragua 1980-2006 : A Case Study (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Nicaragua, a largely urban country (56 percent of the population lives in urban areas), is one of the least populous (5.53 million) and poorest countries in CentralAmerica. Following reforms in the 1980s, Nicaragua made remarkable progress in gender equity in education and the labor force, while the wide availability of primary health care initiated in the 1970's, including family planning services, led to improvements in infant and child mortality rates. Several lessons emerge from Nicaragua's success at reducing fertility. The government was committed to gender equity and female empowerment through educating girls and women and recruiting women into the labor force. Family planning services were provided within a well functioning primary health care system, including an extensive, efficient contraceptive distribution network that works with international donors, and international and national Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to offer women a good mix of options. Demand must be created through a timely public education campaign. Success requires civic engagement with stakeholders, which may initially mean avoiding unnecessary confrontation and publicity of services for addressing the concerns of more conservative stakeholders
    DOI: 10.1596/27495
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    Gender and governance in rural services : insights from India, Ghana, and Ethiopia (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821376586 , 0821381563 , 9780821376584 , 9780821381564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xlii, 332 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Agriculture and rural development
    DDC: 307.1/412091724
    Keywords: Rural development Case studies Government policy ; Rural development Case studies Government policy ; Rural development Case studies Government policy ; Rural development projects Case studies ; Rural development projects Case studies ; Rural development projects Case studies ; Rural women Case studies Services for ; Rural women Case studies Services for ; Rural women Case studies Services for ; Rural women Case studies Social conditions ; Rural women Case studies Social conditions ; Rural women Case studies Social conditions ; Rural development Case studies Government policy ; Rural development Case studies Government policy ; Rural development Case studies Government policy ; Rural development projects Case studies ; Rural development projects Case studies ; Rural development projects Case studies ; Rural women Case studies Services for ; Rural women Case studies Services for ; Rural women Case studies Services for ; Rural women Case studies Social conditions ; Rural women Case studies Social conditions ; Rural women Case studies Social conditions ; Rural development ; Rural development ; Rural development ; Rural development projects ; Rural development projects ; Rural development projects ; Rural women ; Rural women ; Rural women ; Rural women ; Rural women ; Rural women
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7658-4
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    Global Development Finance 2010 : External Debt of Developing Countries (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821382301
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (317 p)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: Global Development Finance: External Debt of Developing Countries (GDF)-the World Bank’s annual report on debt financing of developing countries-includes comprehensive data for 128 countries that report under the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System, as well as summary data for regions and income groups. The GDF is available in print or electronically. The print edition includes an overview section focusing on trends in financial flows as well as trends in external debt for developing countries in 2008. It also highlights support from the World Bank Group to developing countries and the developments in debt restructuring in 2008. Together with this review of major financial developments in the previous year, you can find summary tables of regional and income group aggregates, and country tables. The electronic version contains the complete time-series database and is available as a CD-ROM or through an online subscription -- GDF Online.Data can be downloaded for further analysis from either the CD-ROM* or Online editions. Both include more than 200 historical time series from 1970 to 2008. The database covers external debt stocks and flows and their components, foreign direct investment, and equity flows along with key debt ratios, providing a detailed, country-by-country picture of the debt of developing countries. The mapping and charting functions included on both the CD-ROM and Online editions allow users to visualize the data and save images for use in other applications. These features plus data export options in standard formats like Excel make GDF the most comprehensive and detailed source of economic data on external debt and financial flows. Users of GDF Online may also choose their preferred language interface: English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, or Chinese. In previous editions, Global Development Finance: External Debt of Developing Countries was published as Global Development Finance: Volume 2
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8229-5
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    Local and community driven development : moving to scale in theory and practice (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821381946 , 0821381954 , 9780821381946 , 9780821381953
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 248 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: New frontiers of social policy
    DDC: 307.1/4091724
    Keywords: Community development ; Economic development ; Local government ; Community development ; Economic development ; Local government ; Community development ; Economic development ; Local government
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8194-6
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    Managing urban expansion in Mongolia : best practices in scenario-based urban planning (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821383148 , 9780821383155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 106 p) , ill., maps , 28 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 307.1/216095173
    Keywords: City planning ; City planning ; City planning
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8314-8
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    Demanding good governance : lessons from social accountability initiatives in Africa (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821383809 , 0821383833 , 9780821383803 , 9780821383834
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxv, 236 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 320.6096
    Keywords: Social accounting Case studies ; Social accounting Case studies ; Social accounting
    Description / Table of Contents: Social accountability in Africa : an introduction / Carmen Malena and Mary McNeilParticipatory budgeting in Fissel, Senegal / Bara Gueye -- Civic participation in policy and budgetary processes in Ilala municipal council, Tanzania / Renatus Kihongo and John Lubuva -- Tracking the Ghana district assemblies common fund / Charles Abbey, Vitus Azeen, and Cuthbert Baba Kuupiel -- Enhancing civil society capacity for advocacy and monitoring : Malawi's poverty reduction strategy budget / Dalitso Kingsley Kubalasa and Limbani Bartholomew Elia Nsapato -- Gender-sensitive and child-friendly budgeting in Zimbabwe / Bob Libert Muchabaiwa -- The Nigeria extractive industries transparency initiative and publish what you pay in Nigeria / Dauda S. Garuba and John G. Ikubaje -- Citizen control of public action : the social watch network in Benin / Cyrille Chabi Eteka and Anne Floquet -- Social accountability in Africa : an analysis / Mary McNeil and Carmen Malena.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8380-3
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    Discovering the real world : health workers' career choices and early work experience in Ethiopia (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821383566 , 0821383574 , 9780821383568 , 9780821383575
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 55 p) , ill
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa human development series
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 191
    DDC: 362.1/042570963
    Keywords: Medical personnel ; Medical personnel Statistics ; Medical personnel ; Medical personnel Statistics ; Career Choice Statistics ; Cohort Studies Statistics ; Emigration and Immigration statistics & numerical data ; Health Manpower statistics & numerical data ; Rural Health Services manpower ; Urban Health Services manpower ; Medical personnel ; Medical personnel ; Career Choice ; Cohort Studies ; Emigration and Immigration ; Health Manpower ; Rural Health Services ; Urban Health Services ; Ethiopia ; Ethiopia Statistics, Medical ; Ethiopia Statistics, Medical
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8356-8
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    Trade and transport facilitation assessment : a practical toolkit for country implementation (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821384120 , 9780821384121
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 93 p) , 26 cm.
    Additional Material: 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4in.)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank study
    DDC: 657/.45
    Keywords: International trade Auditing ; Transportation Auditing ; International trade Auditing ; Transportation Auditing ; International trade ; Transportation
    Abstract: The Trade and Transport Facilitation audit toolkit provides a simple and cost-effective instrument to analyze bottlenecks in international supply chains and to prepare corrective measures. Its key insight is that considerable knowledge can be easily obtained by interviewing key participants in the commercial or procedural transactions that combine to form international supply chains. These participants include private service providers such as freight forwarders, exporters, transporters and bankers as well as public agencies such as customs, port authorities, and transport regulators. The first chapters introduce the conceptual framework and some of the reasons for conducting an audit. The third describes the implementation of the audit including planning and scheduling, resource requirements and organization of the analysis and preparation of the reports. The annexes provide additional information on the concept, the methodology and content of the audit. The Interview Guides provides the scope for the meetings and checklists for all categories of interviewees and field visits
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-92) , The first version of the Toolkit was developed by John Raven and Marc Juhel in 2001
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8412-1
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    Tackling HIV-related stigma and discrimination in South Asia (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082138449X , 0821384511 , 9780821384497 , 9780821384510
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 205 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 362.196/979200954
    Keywords: AIDS (Disease) ; Stigma (Social psychology) ; AIDS (Disease) ; Stigma (Social psychology) ; HIV Infections psychology ; HIV Infections psychology ; Health Education standards ; Health Education standards ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Promotion standards ; Health Promotion standards ; International Cooperation ; International Cooperation ; Prejudice ; Prejudice ; AIDS (Disease) ; Stigma (Social psychology) ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; Health Education ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Promotion ; Health Promotion ; International Cooperation ; International Cooperation ; Prejudice ; Prejudice
    Description / Table of Contents: MethodsProgram findings -- Capacity strengthening efforts and lessons learned -- Recommendations for action -- Using theater to reduce stigma and discrimination against men who have sex with men in rural south India -- Fighting internalized stigma among injecting drug users in Bangladesh: a combination program to support economic and social reintegration -- The gateway to public opinion: harnessing local journalists to fight stigma and discrimination in Bangladesh -- Taking it to the village: reducing stigma through traditional street theater in Tamil Nadu -- Celebrating those who care: a radio program by HIV-positive journalists in Maharashtra -- Ensuring dignity and rights among female sex workers in Bangalore: a community-led advocacy campaign to reduce stigma and discrimination -- Afghanistan -- Bangladesh -- India -- Nepal -- Pakistan -- Sri Lanka.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8449-7
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    Berg water project : communication practices for governance and sustainability improvement (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821384147 , 0821384341 , 9780821384145 , 9780821384343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 116 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 199
    DDC: 333.910096873
    Keywords: Integrated water development ; Water resources development ; Water-supply Management ; Integrated water development ; Water resources development ; Water-supply Management
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-116)
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8414-5
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    What can we learn from nutrition impact evaluations? : lessons from a review of interventions to reduce child malnutrition in developing countries (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821384066 , 0821384074 , 9780821384060 , 9780821384077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 88 p) , ill , 28cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; World Bank ; Children Nutrition ; Evaluation ; Malnutrition in children Prevention ; Children Nutrition ; Evaluation ; Malnutrition in children Prevention ; Child ; Developing Countries Evaluation Studies ; Infant ; International Agencies Evaluation Studies ; Malnutrition Evaluation Studies prevention & control ; World Bank ; World Bank ; Developing countries ; Children ; Malnutrition in children ; Child ; Nutrition ; Developing countries ; Developing Countries ; Infant ; Developing countries ; Prevention ; Evaluation ; Evaluation Studies ; International Agencies ; Malnutrition
    Note: "IEG, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank, IFC, MIGA"--Cover , Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-88)
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8406-0
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    The education system in Malawi (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821381989 , 9780821381984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (lxviii, 340 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 182
    DDC: 370.96897
    Keywords: Education ; Education
    Description / Table of Contents: Demographics, social development, and macroeconomic conditionsEnrollment patterns -- Education expenditure and financing -- Internal efficiency, learning outcomes, and management issues -- Equity and disparities -- Technical, entrepreneurial, and vocational education and training -- Higher education -- External efficiency.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8198-4
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    Fiscal space for health in Uganda (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082138290X , 0821382950 , 9780821382905 , 9780821382950
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 76 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa human development series
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 186
    DDC: 362.1096761
    Keywords: Medical economics ; Public health ; Medical economics ; Public health ; Cost Control economics ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Sector organization & administration ; Health Expenditures ; Medical economics ; Public health ; Cost Control ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Sector ; Health Expenditures
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76)
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8290-5
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    Migration and poverty : toward better opportunities for the poor (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821384368 , 0821384376 , 9780821384367 , 9780821384374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 154 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Poverty
    DDC: 325.086/942
    Keywords: Poverty Case studies ; Poverty Case studies ; Poverty ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Case studies Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Developing countries Emigration and immigration ; Government policy ; Developing countries Case studies Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Developing countries Emigration and immigration ; Government policy
    Description / Table of Contents: OverviewPatterns of migration in Tanzania / Kathleen Beegle, Joachim De Weerdt, Stefan Dercon -- Work-related migration and poverty reduction in Nepal / Michael Lokshin, Mikhail Bontch-Osmolovski, Elena Glinskaya -- The evolution of Albanian migration and its role in poverty reduction / Carlo Azzarri ... [et al.] -- Migration choices, inequality of opportunities and poverty reduction in Nicaragua / Edmundo Murrugarra, Catalina Herrera -- How can developing country governments facilitate international migration for poverty reduction? / John Gibson, David McKenzie.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8436-7
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    The Great Recession and developing countries : economic impact and growth prospects (2010)
    Washington DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821385135 , 9780821385142
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 634 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.9172/4
    Keywords: Economic development Case studies ; Economic forecasting Case studies ; Financial crises Case studies ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Economic development Case studies ; Economic forecasting Case studies ; Financial crises Case studies ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Economic development ; Economic forecasting ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic conditions 21st century ; Developing countries Economic conditions 21st century
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8513-5
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    Lesotho Highlands water project : communication practices for governance and sustainability improvement (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821384155 , 082138435X , 9780821384152 , 9780821384350
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 40 p) , ill., map , 26 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 200
    DDC: 333.910096885
    Keywords: Integrated water development ; Water resources development ; Water-supply Management ; Integrated water development ; Water resources development ; Water-supply Management
    Description / Table of Contents: BackgroundIntroduction -- Governance -- Sustainability -- Communication -- Phase II feasibility study -- Progressive learning approach used in the LHWP -- Comments by civil society -- Findings.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8415-2
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    Moving up, looking East (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821383889 , 9780821384046
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 78 p) , col. maps , 28 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: South Asia ; South Asia ; South Asia Economic conditions ; South Asia Economic policy ; South Asia Economic conditions ; South Asia Economic policy
    Note: "ISSN: 2079-8903 , Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-78) , Includes statistical tables
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8388-9
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    Investment Climate in the Kyrgyz Republic as Seen by Small and Medium Enterprises (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report examines the key challenges faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Kyrgyz Republic, in an attempt to identify the issues and areas in most urgent need of reform. The IFC Study of Investment Climate as seen by Small and Medium Enterprises in the Kyrgyz Republic is the first survey of the investment climate in the Kyrgyz Republic conducted by IFC. One of the key objectives of the IFC Study of Investment Climate as seen by Small and Medium Enterprises in the Kyrgyz Republic is to identify precisely those areas in greatest need of reform, in order to reduce the regulatory burden and enable policy makers in the Kyrgyz Republic to establish priorities to encourage new business development and growth, resulting in higher employment and reducing poverty. Data contained in the Survey provide a basis on which the most viable potential reforms might be assessed. The introductory chapter to this report paints a general picture of the macro-economic situation in the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as providing a data-driven description of each of the three categories of enterprises covered in the Survey - individual entrepreneurs, small and medium companies, and farmers. Chapters 3 through 8 provide a detailed examination of Survey findings on a variety of key topics, and each chapter begins with an explanation of the legal and regulatory framework of that issue. Chapter 9 provides an overview of the survey methodology. Finally, the Data Annex presents additional findings on issues covered under Access to Finance and Foreign Trade
    DOI: 10.1596/28424
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    Marching Together with a Citywide Sanitation Strategy (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water and Sanitation Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This book contains the principles a municipal government should consider before developing a citywide sanitation strategy. In this context, this strategy refers to a city's strategic mid-term sanitation development plan, which incorporates vision, missions, objectives and targets as well as specific strategies to improve sanitation services. Chapter one starts with an introduction of the background, objectives, concept, and the process of a city sanitation development, followed by a description of the position of the citywide sanitation strategy within the sanitation development planning process. The remaining chapters describe the steps to develop a citywide sanitation strategy. Chapter's two to six explain the five major steps of the process: a) establishing a working group, b) city sanitation mapping, c) defining a sanitation development framework, d) preparing a strategy for sanitation services development, and e) preparing a strategy for development of non-technical aspects. Finally, chapter seven concludes the book with a series of follow-up activities for implementation upon approval of the citywide sanitation strategy
    DOI: 10.1596/27922
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    Water and Sewerage Services in Karachi : Citizen Report Card-Sustainable Service Delivery Improvements (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water and Sanitation Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report discusses the key findings and recommendations emerging from a pilot Citizen Report Card (CRC) on water, sanitation, and sewerage services in Karachi. This initiative comes, on one hand, in the wake of deteriorating services, weakened community interfaces and accountability structures, poor revenue generation and dysfunctional governance structures and, on the other, an emergent consensus to bring in far-reaching institutional reforms that should move beyond financial and technical imperatives. The CRC, pioneered by the Public Affairs Center (PAC), Bengaluru, is a simple but powerful tool to provide public agencies with systematic feedback from users of public services. CRC gains such feedback through sample surveys on aspects of service quality that users know best, and enable public agencies to identify strengths and weaknesses in their work. A CRC on public services is not just one more opinion poll; it reflects the actual experiences of people with a wide range of public services. The survey on which a report card is based covers only those individuals who have had experiences in the use of specific services, and interactions with the relevant public agencies
    DOI: 10.1596/27926
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    Bridging the Gap : Improving Capabilities and Expanding Opportunities for Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This brief summarizes some of the significant constraints women in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) face: limited labor market mobility, a mismatch between skills acquired in school and what is in demand in the labor market, and legal or institutional factors related to cultural norms, all of which inhibit the transition from school to work. The brief identifies various policy options and outlines the World Bank's strategy for supporting governments in achieving gender parity in the region. Rigorous analytical work, experimental policy pilots and lending operations with a strong gender focus all form part of the Bank's strategy towards reducing gender gaps in economic opportunities
    DOI: 10.1596/27834
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    Economic Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation Projects : Approaches for the Agricultural Sector and Beyond (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper identifies key challenges and solutions for carrying out project-level economic analysis of adaptation to climate change, both stand-alone and integrated into broader development projects. Very few projects addressing adaptation thus far have been subject to in-depth and rigorous economic analysis for a variety of reasons, including a lack of guidance on how to deal with assessments of the impacts of climate change, as well as with estimating costs and benefits of adaptation under uncertainty. The paper focus is on the agricultural sector, where the impacts of climate change have the potential to disrupt the livelihoods of rural populations in many regions and where adaptation must be given urgent consideration. Nevertheless, some of the approaches discussed are suitable to projects in other sectors as well. Finally, robust decision making (RDM) can provide an alternative quantitative decision analytic method that avoids subjective probability assessments and scenario predictions. RDM creates hundreds or thousands of plausible futures, in the judgment of the analyst, that are then used to systematically evaluate the performance of alternative actions. This approach facilitates identifying the set of conditions under which any particular alternative adaptation performs well or poorly, according to various evaluation criteria based on the decision maker's judgment. The decision maker can identify 'robust' alternatives that, compared to other alternatives, perform reasonably well across a wide range of plausible futures
    DOI: 10.1596/27752
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    Crisis within a Crisis? : How the Financial Crisis Highlights Power Sector Vulnerabilities in Europe and Central Asia Region (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The global financial crisis severely affected economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA). Currencies depreciated across the region. Government tax revenues declined sharply leading to high budget deficits and rising levels of public debt. Tightening credit supply and deteriorating financial conditions have limited the ability to borrow in the public and private sector. The financial crisis slowed demand enough to delay an imminent energy shortage by a few years. In this sense, the financial crisis bought ECA countries some time. This report analyzes the impacts of the global financial crisis on power sectors in five countries in the ECA region: Armenia, Kyrgyz Republic, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine. It estimates the investment gap and proposes a prioritization of critical investments in each country. The report also proposes actions needed to mobilize financing for the sector, including a continued commitment to legal, regulatory and policy reform in the sector. The global financial crisis has created a window of opportunity to meet investment needs and avert a potential power shortage, but Governments need to recognize and act on this opportunity. This report serves as a starting point to facilitate further World Bank engagement in the region that can help Governments make timely, critical investments and foster sustainable investment in the sector over the long-term
    DOI: 10.1596/27850
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    From Global Collapse to Recovery : Economic Adjustment and Growth Prospects in Latin America and the Caribbean (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Latin America and Caribbean Semiannual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The global crisis is now in the rear view mirror and world growth is being restored. In sharp contrast with past episodes of global turmoil, this time the recovery is led by the periphery, specifically by the larger and more dynamic emerging markets (Brazil, China, India, South Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand). For this group of emerging markets (EMs), the contraction in economic activity was much smaller than that of rich countries, the recovery started earlier, and the rebound has been much steeper. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are second among emerging regions, after Asia, in the strength of the recovery. The first part of the report focuses on macroeconomic and financial aspects, emphasizing the outlook going forward. Finally, the second part examines some aspects of the adjustment in labor markets during this crisis in comparison to previous ones
    DOI: 10.1596/27811
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  • 85
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    Regulatory Capacity Review of Tanzania (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Institutional and Governance Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Regulatory reform has emerged as an important policy area in developing countries. For reforms to be beneficial, regulatory regimes need to be transparent, coherent, and comprehensive. They must establish appropriate institutional frameworks and liberalized business regulations; enforce competition policy and law; and open external and internal markets to trade and investment. This report analyses the institutional set-up and use of regulatory policy instruments in Tanzania. It is one of five reports prepared on countries in East and Southern Africa (the others are on Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Zambia), and represents an attempt to apply assessment tools and the framework developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in its work on regulatory capacity and performance to developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/27867
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  • 86
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    Madagascar : Reforming Land Administration and Management for Equitable Growth and Social Cohesion (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: A well-functioning land administration and management system is crucial for Madagascar's economic and social future. Land is implicated in Madagascar's ongoing economic development and social transformation in many important ways, as key a factor in its quest for economic growth, urbanization, transparent decision-making on land-related foreign investments, environment protection, vibrant and sustainable rural communities, political stability, and social cohesion. Striking a balance among different, and sometimes even competing, roles played by land in the economic and social development process is a daunting challenge facing the Government. It is not an exaggeration to argue that soundness of land administration and management system will play a crucial role in determining the shape and trajectory of Madagascar's economic and social future. Madagascar's quest for overall economic growth, urbanization, sustainable rural development, environment protection, and social cohesion calls for a transparent, inclusive, equitable, efficient, and service-oriented land administration and management system. This policy note presents six policy recommendations aiming to help the Government to continue and deepen land tenure reform. All these six policy recommendations are made based on a review of the history of the Malagasy land institution, an assessment on the implementation of the national land tenure reform program since 2005, and an examination on the major remaining land-related challenges. International experiences have also been introduced whenever they are relevant. It is believed that now is a good time for the Government of Madagascar to tackle these challenges and consider these policy recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/27894
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  • 87
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    Regulatory Governance in Developing Countries (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The purpose of this report is to introduce and present key components of the regulatory governance agenda, and to discuss its relevance for developing countries. The paper identifies failings and knowledge gaps relevant to the implementation of regulatory governance initiatives, and it discusses how lessons already learned can guide reformers and donor organizations in their continued efforts to promote sustainable growth and private sector development through better and more efficient regulation. Following the executive summary and this introduction, the paper is divided into the following sections: regulatory governance - what is it? This section defines and introduces basic concepts of regulatory governance. Regulation and economic growth - in this section, the links between regulatory governance reforms and economic growth are clarified. Major building blocks of a regulatory governance system - this section explores the main building blocks of a regulatory governance system and highlights elements of relevance for developing countries. Application of regulatory governance tools and approaches in developing countries. This section summarizes the pros and cons for applying regulatory governance tools in developing countries, and summarizes the recorded results and experiences with regulatory governance tools in three developing countries. Looking ahead: should donors and governments invest more in regulatory governance? The paper concludes with the lessons learned and not yet learned, and challenges ahead for the regulatory governance agenda in developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/27881
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  • 88
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    Of Taps and Toilets : Evaluating Community Demand-Driven Projects in Rural India (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The study is conducted in two states with different geographic, public health, and socioeconomic characteristics, together spanning a range of conditions in rural India: Maharashtra and Orissa. The secondary objectives of the study were to develop proxy indicators for routine monitoring of the health impact of water and sanitation projects. A proxy is an easy-to-measure indicator for a hard to- measure impact. Here the goal is to identify the intermediate outcomes (for example coverage of toilets and taps) that are causally linked to the policy or intervention and to the outcome. The success of the analysis in establishing such links will determine the salience of the proxy indicators. Finally, World Bank also evaluate the broader impacts of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions on rural livelihoods, such as savings in time, materials, and money invested in coping activities; improvements in convenience and privacy; and indirect benefits to caregivers (for example gains in work efficiency, and time and work reallocation within the household)
    DOI: 10.1596/27733
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  • 89
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    Burkina Faso Accounting and Auditing (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Accounting and Auditing Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This aim of this report is to assess the accounting and financial auditing standards and practices in Burkina Faso in the private and semipublic sectors, using as benchmarks International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and taking into account the good practices noted in the international sphere in these two areas. The main objective of this assessment is to make recommendations aimed at strengthening accounting, financial auditing, and financial transparency practices in the private sector and semipublic enterprises in Burkina Faso. The development objectives associated with these recommendations are as follows: (i) stimulating private investment and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises; (ii) improving governance in the private market and semipublic sector; and (iii) achieving greater integration of the Burkinabe economy at the regional and international levels
    DOI: 10.1596/27704
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  • 90
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    Philippines Quarterly Update, September 2010 : Stepping Up Reforms to Sustain Growth (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Philippine economy recovered strongly from the global recession owing to a combination of transitory and permanent, as well as global and idiosyncratic factors. Similar to its regional peers, the recovery was partly driven by the rebound in global trade and domestic consumption linked to sharp increases in consumer confidence. In the Philippines, growth was also spurred by two domestic and temporary factors-continued fiscal policy easing and election-related spending-and a structural one, namely the acceleration in global outsourcing which benefited the country's business process outsourcing sector and associated sectors such as construction. The economy is projected to grow by 6.2 percent in 2010 and by 5 percent in 2011, with large but broadly balanced risks. While inflation expectations are under control, the prospects of large short-term capital inflows partly linked to renewed quantitative easing by key G7 central banks are complicating monetary policy at a time when the economy no longer needs accommodative monetary policy. The first budget of the Aquino government could be a turning point for the Philippines in the public finance area. The 2011 budget changes current dynamics in two critical areas: the (structural and cyclical) fiscal policy stance and the quality of public finances. This "reform budget" renews the fiscal consolidation effort-albeit modestly and contains significant reform measures aimed at improving spending efficiency, transparency and accountability of the budget. For the 2011 budget to indeed turn the country away from a weak fiscal position, inconsistent spending efficiency, and significant gaps in public expenditure and financial accountability, efforts initiated in this budget will have to both be sustained over time and expanded. Strengthening revenue mobilization-through a modern tax system with efficiency and equity at its core-would enable future budgets to scale up spending needed to generate inclusive growth
    DOI: 10.1596/27764
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  • 91
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    El Salvador Financial Sector Assessment Program Update : Financial Inclusion (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Financial service provision has expanded since the 2004 financial sector assessment program (FSAP) update, but access to financial services can expand greatly through mobile banking. An estimated 47 percent of adults in El Salvador have deposit accounts at a regulated financial institution, similar to the Latin American average. Although a range of range of bank and non-bank institutions serve the micro and Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) finance market, significant financial services provision is occurring outside of the regulatory perimeter. Improvements in credit information systems, simplification of credit documentation processes, and a strengthened legal framework for factoring can help facilitate SMEs access to credit. Issues of financial transparency and consumer protection are of increasing importance to the Salvadoran authorities, although resources for enforcement are limited. Both public and private entities are engaging in educational activities to promote financial literacy have the potential to play an important role in curbing over indebtedness. However, the consumer defense agency (Defensoria al Consumidor) lacks sufficient resources for enforcement of consumer protection laws. This paper is divided into following six parts: first part gives overview of financial access and usage patterns; the second part gives information on funding and savings products commercialized; the third part gives market participants; fourth part is legal and regulatory impediments to credit; fifth part deals with supervisory and regulatory perimeter issues; and sixth part is transparency, consumer protection, and financial literacy
    DOI: 10.1596/27768
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  • 92
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    Ghana's Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Recent Economic Development in Infrastructure
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Infrastructure contributed just over one percentage point to Ghana's improved per capita growth performance during the 2000s, though unreliable power supplies held growth back by 0.5 percentage points. Raising the country's infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost annual growth by more than 2.7 percentage points. Today, Ghana has a very advanced infrastructure platform when compared with other low-income countries in Africa. But as the country approaches the middle-income threshold, it will need to focus on upgrading its infrastructure indicators in line with this benchmark. The Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD) has gathered and analyzed extensive data on infrastructure in more than 40 Sub-Saharan countries, including Ghana. The results have been presented in reports covering different areas of infrastructure, including ICT, irrigation, power, transport, water, and sanitation, and different policy areas, including investment needs, fiscal costs, and sector performance. This report presents the key AICD findings for Ghana and allows the country's infrastructure situation to be benchmarked against its African peers. Given that Ghana is a relatively well-off low-income country well on its way to reaching middle-income status, two sets of African benchmarks will be used to evaluate Ghana's situation. Detailed comparisons will also be made with immediate regional neighbors in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). As on the rest of the continent, West Africa's growth performance improved markedly in the 2000s. The overall improvement in per capita growth rates has been estimated at around 2 percent, of which 1.1 percent is attributable to better structural policies and 0.9 percent to improved infrastructure. During the five years from 2003 to 2007, Ghana's economy grew at an average annual rate of 5.6 percent, which accelerated to 7.3 percent in 2009. Ghana's infrastructure improvements added just over one percentage point to the per capita growth rate for the period 2003 to 2007
    DOI: 10.1596/27760
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  • 93
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    A City-Wide Approach to Carbon Finance (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Urbanization and climate change will define much of the 21st century. Urbanization leads to improvement in standards of living, and through the increased density and service delivery efficiency of cities, higher growth can be achieved with lower greenhouse gas emissions. Cities and urban agglomerations house more than 50 percent of the global population and contribute more than 70 percent of Global greenhouse (GHG) emissions. As the share of urban population grows, sustainable urban development emerges as an essential component in addressing climate change. Mitigation often comes at a significant cost. Carbon finance has an important role to play in reducing these costs. Carbon finance is accessible through regulated mechanisms, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) under the Kyoto Protocol, and through voluntary markets, using the voluntary carbon standard and climate exchanges. City authorities, however, have not been able to fully access market mechanisms for carbon credits
    DOI: 10.1596/27573
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
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    Haiti Coffee Supply Chain Risk Assessment (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Coffee is an ecologically and economically significant crop for Haiti. It is not only the main source of income for more than 100,000 farmers, but the coffee ecosystem also sustains a large part of the remaining tree cover (currently at less than 1.5 percent of land) of the country. This report does not aim to detail the structural constraints impacting upon the Haitian coffee sub-sector. Instead, it describes the risks affecting the existing supply chain in terms of their potential impact and prioritizes the risks and areas requiring attention for risk management, investment, and capacity building. The Haitian coffee industry is constrained by significant systemic problems which have contributed to its decline over the years. Some of these major constraints include: (1) the structure of the coffee creole garden which contributes to low on-farm coffee productivity; (2) a land tenure system which inhibits long term investment; (3) poor transportation and logistics infrastructure; (4) limited access to credit and high interest rates; (5) aging coffee trees and farmers; (6) waning government interest and support for the coffee sub-sector; (7) lack of industry level coordination; and (8) a lack of international and domestic promotion of the Haitian coffee industry
    DOI: 10.1596/27600
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 95
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    Financing, Pricing, and Utilization of Pharmaceuticals in China : The Road to Reform (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper examines the financing, pricing, and utilization of pharmaceuticals in China the pharmaceutical system as it has evolved, and some changes that would improve it in the context of the national health reform process. The present paper builds upon earlier critical reviews and other papers published in the series china health policy notes. The paper is divided into four parts. The first section provides an overview of the Chinese pharmaceutical market: how the sector has grown; China's position in the global market; and size, composition, and trends in the domestic market. The second section examines the evolution and status of China's system of essential medicines, an area emphasized in the government's health reform plan announced in April 2009. It shows how the use of essential medicines has evolved over the two decades since the idea was formally adopted, and discusses why practice has fallen far short of the ideal. The third section looks at the issue that dominates today's debate: managing high pharmaceutical costs. It reviews the components of drug pricing, underscoring the argument that there is considerable scope for reducing prices. It looks at government attempts to control drug prices, and suggests why they did not succeed. Finally, the fourth section suggests measures to re-chart the path to reform
    DOI: 10.1596/27598
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  • 96
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    Strategic Assessment of Bhutan's E-Governance Program (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report reviews the status, opportunities and constraints of the Royal Government of Bhutan's e-Governance program, and recommends actions to enhance and accelerate it. The report is structured as follows: Part II is a strategic view and executive summary of the present situation, opportunities, constraints and suggested strategy for acceleration of e-Governance in Bhutan. Parts III through VII look at the various dimensions of the strategy, namely human resources (Part III), institutional framework (Part IV), e-governance architecture (Part V), interoperability framework (Part VI) and implementation roadmap (Part VII). The Appendices expand upon various aspects of the report and provide complementary information. Appendix (VIII) subsection F, describes an alternative strategy suggested by an external peer reviewer of the final report, which can enable the rapid rollout of e-Government in the Bhutanese context using a commercial Enterprise Resource Planning system purpose built for the public sector, albeit with certain limitations and costs which need to be evaluated in further detail
    DOI: 10.1596/27599
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  • 97
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    Thailand Economic Monitor, June 2010 (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Thai economy runs on a single engine: external demand. The economic roller coaster since the onset of the global financial crisis can be overwhelmingly attributed to fluctuations in the output of three sectors most sensitive to external demand: manufacturing, logistics (transportation and storage), and tourism (hotels and restaurants). As global trade contracted between the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, Thailand's real gross domestic product (GDP) fell 6.3 percent, before rebounding 6.9 percent through the end of 2009 on a revival in actual and expected external demand. At the end of 2009, real GDP was back to pre-crisis levels, as measured in seasonally adjusted terms. For 2009 as a whole, however, real GDP fell 2.2 percent. The dominance of sectors linked to external demand over Thailand's growth dynamics is not new. Both sets of sectors grew at about the same pace prior to the 1997 financial crisis. However, a structural break took place in the aftermath of the crisis, when sectors linked to external demand grew an average of 6.1 percent between 2001 and 2007 compared to a 4.3 percent growth rate of other sectors. While the sectors linked to external demand are expected to grow below the historical average in the near term due to lower growth in demand from advanced economies, a reversal of the structural change observed since 1998 is unlikely. This will require an acceleration of the growth of the sectors linked to domestic demand. But the constraints that limited the growth of these sectors in the past not only remain but have been compounded in the near term by the escalation of the political conflict. This will ensure that growth rates in sectors linked to domestic demand will also remain below their (already low) historical averages and the dominance of external demand on the economy will continue to increase
    DOI: 10.1596/27547
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  • 98
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    Improved Cookstoves and Better Health in Bangladesh : Lessons from Household Energy and Sanitation Programs (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of this study is to identify lessons for improving cookstoves in Bangladesh through an evaluation of existing programs, the international experience on improved stoves, and the lessons from successes in the sanitation sector. Bangladesh's new renewable energy policy endorses creating a better environment for renewable energy technologies and promoting market development for improved cookstoves (Government of Bangladesh 2009). This study supports this policy direction by examining possible strategies to move forward the development of markets for improved stoves in Bangladesh. The study consists of several components: a national review of household energy programs; an evaluation of national sanitation programs; and an examination of improved cookstove programs from around the world, including China, Guatemala, Haiti, Mongolia, Nepal, and Uganda. The study is based on published literature, consultations with organizations throughout Bangladesh, site visits, and structured discussions with beneficiaries and other stakeholders
    DOI: 10.1596/27594
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 99
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    Fertility Decline in the Islamic Republic of Iran 1980-2006 : A Case Study (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Despite its volatile history, the Islamic Republic of Iran has performed well on social indicators, especially in providing basic services such as health care and education. Iran's fertility decline may have proceeded in two stages, the first beginning in the late 1960s. The Iranian government introduced a family planning program during the 1960s with explicit health and demographic objectives. Between 1967 and 1977, fertility declined-mainly in urban areas-to an average of 4 children per woman. Although the family planning program continued after the 1979 Islamic revolution, it was suspended after war broke out with Iraq in 1980. During the war, the government pursued a pronatalist population policy, including incentives for childbearing. The fertility decline coincided with improvements in primary and secondary education, possibly affecting the rapid decline in adolescent fertility during 1997-2006, especially when compared to other Middle East and North Africa region countries. Today regional disparities in fertility exist with higher fertility in less developed districts. Yet Iran's example shows how good public policy interventions in health (including family planning) and education can reduce fertility and contribute to human development
    DOI: 10.1596/27494
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
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    Implications of Climate Change for Fresh Groundwater Resources in Coastal Aquifers in Bangladesh (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of this study is to improve understanding of the implications of climate change for the groundwater systems in coastal Bangladesh. This is achieved by: (a) obtaining available geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical information on coastal aquifers of Bangladesh; (b) developing groundwater flow and salt transport models representing general features and conditions along the coast of Bangladesh; and (c) simulating potential changes in the groundwater systems due to various aspects of human activity and climate change. The simulation analysis will focus on both the pattern and response time of the saltwater-freshwater distribution in subsurface aquifers, with a view towards sustainability of current and future water use under stress due to climate change. The study is aimed at understanding processes and rates of change for systems representative of a range of conditions in coastal Bangladesh, but it is expected that regional and local differences occur. Thus, only general conclusions and guidance should be drawn from this work
    DOI: 10.1596/27489
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