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  • 2005-2009  (1,322)
  • World Bank  (1,114)
  • Human Relations Area Files, Inc  (133)
  • NetLibrary, Inc
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379240 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821379240 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: Ill., col. map , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 0821379240
    Edition: ISBN 9780821379240
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 305.2350982
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821382073 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821382073 (pbk.)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 305.5/630982
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4803
    Parallel Title: Skoufias, Emmanuel Sources of welfare disparities across and within regions of Brazil
    Keywords: Household surveys ; Income distribution Regional disparities ; Poverty Regional disparities ; Household surveys ; Income distribution Regional disparities ; Poverty Regional disparities
    Abstract: "Brazil's inequalities in welfare and poverty across and within regions can be accounted for by differences in household attributes and returns to those attributes. This paper uses Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions at the mean as well as at different quantiles of welfare distributions on regionally representative household survey data (2002-03 Household Budget Survey). The analysis finds that household attributes account for most of the welfare differences between urban and rural areas within regions. However, comparing the lagging Northeast region with the leading Southeast region, differences in returns to attributes account for a large part of the welfare disparities, in particular in metropolitan areas, supporting the presence of agglomeration effects in booming areas. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 420 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online edition s.l.
    Series Statement: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 302.23
    Keywords: Democracy ; Journalism / Political aspects ; Mass media / Political aspects ; Press and politics ; Representative government and representation
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction : framing the debate. Evaluating media performance / Pippa Norris and Sina OdugbemiDiagnostic tools and performance indicators / Andrew Puddephatt -- The democratic roles of media systems : agenda setters, setting priorities. Media coverage of natural disasters and humanitarian crises / Susan D. Moeller -- Media agenda setting and donor aid / Douglas A. Van Belle -- Watchdogs : guarding governance. Corruption and the watchdog role of the news media / Sheila S. Coronel -- The media, government accountability, and citizen engagement / Katrin Voltmer -- Gate keepers : inclusive voices. Election campaigns, partisan balance, and the news media / Holli A. Semetko -- Limits on press freedom and regime support / Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart -- Media in the peace-building process : Ethiopia and Iraq / Monroe E. Price, Ibrahim Al-Marashi, and Nicole A. Stremlau -- Regional case studies of media roles. Central and Eastern Europe / Marius Dragomir -- Sub-Saharan Africa / Wisdom J. Tettey -- Latin America / Silvio Waisbord -- Arab States / Lawrence Pintak -- Asia / Angela Romano -- Conclusions : summing up the evidence, identifying effective policy options. Assessing the extent to which the news media act as watchdogs, agenda setters, and gatekeepers / Sina Odugbemi and Pippa Norris -- Policy recommendations / Sina Odugbemi and Pippa Norris.
    Note: "Originated with a workshop held in May 2007 at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government"--Pref. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 411-415) and index
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bedouins ; Bedouins--Saudi Arabia--Social life and customs ; Bedouins--Kuwait--Social life and customs ; Saudi Arabia--Social life and customs ; Kuwait--Social life and customs ; Beduine ; Beduine
    Abstract: This collection of five documents and a culture summary, all in English, cover historical and cultural information from about late-1880s to early 2000s. Two documents date back to the first quarters of the 20th century when most of the area was ruled by European colonialists. One is a chapter from a handbook compiled by the intelligence division of the British Navy, the other is a book written by H. R. P. Dickson, a British political agent who worked in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq in 1920s-1930s. Dickson's book provides a first hand account of Bedouin culture and society including the physical environment, material culture, seasonal movements, organization of tribes and lineages, cultural norms relating to visiting and hospitality, folklore, religious beliefs and practices, warfare, and inter-community relations. The remainder of the collection consists of three articles, all by professional anthropologists. Two discuss indigenous conflict resolution practices with particular emphasis on blood feuds and cattle raiding. The remaining article explores the effects of a wide variety of external and internal factors, notably colonialism, commercialization of pastoral production, occupational change and sedentarization, on Bedouin culture and identity. The Bedouin are Arabic-speaking people who earn their living primarily from animal husbandry by natural graze and browse of sheep, goats, and camels. Traditionally, the Bedouin lived in tents, formed scattered camping units that seasonally migrated over a vast area of the Middle East and North Africa influenced by availability of pasture and water. This way of life and social organization has been significantly affected by the creation of nation-states in the 20th century and the establishment national boundaries across customary migration routes. As a consequence, the Bedouin have begun to engage in new activities including tourism, commerce and wage labor
    Note: Culture summary: Bedouin - Dawn Chatty and William Young - 2009 -- - The Arab of the desert: a glimpse into Badawin life in Kuwait and Sau'di Arabia - by H. R. P. Dickson - 1951 -- - The Bedouin tribes: chapter 3 - Compiled by the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division, Naval Staff, Admiralty - 1920 -- - Where have the Bedouin gone? - Donald P. Cole - 2003 -- - Settlement of violence in Bedouin society - Sulayman N. Khalaf - 1990 -- - Camel raiding of north Arabian Bedouin: a mechanism of ecological adaptation - Louise E. Sweet - 1965
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Rwandans ; Ethnology Rwanda ; Social structure--Rwanda--History ; Patronage, Political--Rwanda--History ; Patron and client--Rwanda--History ; Political anthropology--Rwanda--History ; Rwanda--Politics and government ; Rwanda--Ethnic relations ; Tutsi (African people) ; Hutu (African people) ; Tutsi ; Tutsi
    Abstract: This collection of fifteen documents covers historical, cultural, and economic information on the Rwandans, circa 1895 to 2004. The Rwandan culture has its roots in the precolonial kingdom of Rwanda and encompasses both the population of the modern state of Rwanda and speakers of the Kinyarwanda language in the neighboring Congo and Uganda. The basic and most comprehensive sources in the collection were compiled by the Belgian ethnologist Jacques Maquet in 1949-1957. Maquet discusses the processes and rules that structured Rwandan society into a caste-like political system consisting of cattle owning ruling elites, Tutsi, a farming majority, Hutu, and a forest dwelling hunting minority, Twa. However, his arguments are strongly challenged by the works of three scholars, Mamdani, Catharine Newbury, and David Newbury, who do not view ethnicity as a primordial identity. The collection also includes four documents which, together, provide the earliest available firsthand information on the Rwandans: Czekanowski, who, in 1907-1909, collected a wide variety of information relating to history, language, and arts in the Mpororo region; the now classic work of John Roscoe, a European clergy who traveled extensively in central Africa; and van Hove, a Belgian colonial administrator and lawyer. Two documents from Christopher Taylor deal with ethnomedicine and diet, and the remaining three deal with the nature of the violence that swept Rwanda in 1994. The Rwandans encompass groups presently known as the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa
    Note: Culture summary: Rwandans - Timothy Longman - 2009 -- - Essay on the common law of Ruanda - J. Vanhove - 1941 -- - The kingdom of Ruanda - Jacques J. Maquet - 1954 -- - A Hamitic kingdom in the center of Africa: in Ruanda on the shores of Lake Kivu (Belgian Congo) - G. Pagés - 1933 -- - Investigations in the area between the Nile and the Congo: First volume: ethnography, the interlacustrine region of Mporo and Ruanda - Jan Czkanowski ; musical appendix by E. M. Hornbostel - 1917 -- - The Bagesu and other tribes of the Uganda Protectorate: the third part of the report of the Mackie ethnological expedition to central Africa - John Roscoe - 1924 -- - The premise of inequality in Ruanda:: a study of political relations in a central African kingdom - Jacques J. Maquet - 1961 -- - The cohesion of oppression: clientship and ethnicity in Rwanda, 1860-1960 - Catharine Newbury - 1988 -- , - The origins of Hutu and Tutsi - Mahmood Mamdani - 2001 -- - The clans of Rwanda: an historical hypothesis - David S. Newbury - 1980 -- - The harp that plays by itself - Christopher C. Taylor - 1992 -- - Loose women, virtuous wives, and timid virgins: gender and the control of resources in Rwanda - Villia Jefremovas - 1991 -- - Mutton, mud, and runny noses - Christopher C. Taylor - 2005 -- - Rwanda: the rationality of genocide - René Lemarchand - 1995 -- - Background to genocide: Rwanda - Catharine Newbury - 1995 -- - Genocide and socio-political change: massacres in two Rwandan villages - Timothy Longman - 1995
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Haven, Conn : Human Relations Area Files, Inc
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Tanala (Malagasy people) ; Ethnology--Madagascar ; Captain Marshall Field expedition to Madagascar, 1926-1927 ; Tanala ; Tanala
    Abstract: This collection consists of a culture summary and one book. The book, authored by Ralph Linton, is based on his field work conducted in 1926-1927 and sponsored by the Field Museum. Although Linton was only among the Tanala for two months, he spent about one year and a half traveling throughout Madagascar, and as a result presents data on various other tribes of the island in comparison with that on the Tanala. The work is presented as a standard ethnography, with sections on tribal identification, economy, social organization, government, religion, warfare, amusement, art, life cycle, folklore, and a brief history of tribal wars. The Tanala, also called Antanala, are a Malagasy speaking people living in southeastern Madagascar, an island nation located off the eastern coast of southern Africa
    Note: Culture summary: Tanala - Teferi Abate Adem - 2009 -- - The Tanala: a hill tribe of Madagascar - by Ralph Linton ... Marshall Field expedition to Madagascar, 1926 - 1933
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Haven, Conn : Human Relations Area Files, Inc
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Amish ; Amische ; Amische
    Note: Culture summary: Amish - John A. Hostetler - 2009 -- - Amish society - John A. Hostetler - 1980 -- - A peculiar people: Iowa's Old Order Amish - By Elmer Schwieder and Dorothy Schwieder - 1975
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ainu ; Ainu--Medicine ; Ainu ; Ainu
    Abstract: This collection about the Ainu consists of 8 documents, all in English, including three books which were translated from Japanese. The collection contains a variety of cultural and historical information from two widely contrasting time periods. The first covers the years 1877 to 1924 when most Ainu were living in their traditional homeland in southern Sakhalin. The second is from the 1960s-1970s after the Ainu almost disappeared as a distinct group following their relocation in the Hokkaidō Island by the Japanese government during World War II. The oldest materials in the collection were compiled by Batchelor, an English missionary who lived among the Ainu for fifty years in 1877-1924; Pilsudski, a German ethnologist who conducted fieldwork there from 1895-1905; and Munro, an English physician who lived in Japan in 1900-1942. These works provide firsthand accounts of pre-relocation Ainu culture and society, covering religion, ceremonials, mythology, folklore, economic activities, life cycles, and health issues. Three of the books in the collection were authored by Japanese scholars focusing on Japanese conquest and assimilation of the Ainu (Takakura), ecological and economic effects of relocation (Watanabe), and features of Ainu kinship system (Sugiura). The remaining two books are by Ohnuki-Tierney, an American anthropologist who, in 1965-1969, sought to retrospectively reconstruct the "Ainu way of life" through extensive ethnographic fieldwork among elderly informants in Sakhalin. Ohnuki-Tierney's works, which also provide extensive review of previous works on the Ainu in Sakhalin, Hokkaidō and the neighboring islands, are the most comprehensive sources. Ainu people who lived in Kurile and the other islands taken over by the USSR during World War II are not covered in the collection
    Note: Culture summary: Ainu - Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney - 2009 -- - The Ainu of northern Japan: a study in conquest and acculturation - [by] Shinichiro Takakura ; translated and annotated by John A. Harrison - 1960 -- - Ainu life and lore: echoes of a departing race - [by] John Batchelor - 1927 -- - Kinship organization of the Saru Ainu - [by] Kenichi Sugiura and Harumi Befu - 1962 -- - Ainu creed and cult - Edited with a pref. and an additional chapter by B.Z. Seligman. Introd. by H. Watanabe - 1963 -- - Pregnancy, birth and miscarriage among the inhabitants of Sakhalin Island (Gilyak and Ainu) - [by] Bronislaw Pilsudski - 1910 -- - The Ainu: a study of ecology and the system of social solidarity between man and nature in relation to group structure - [by] Hitoshi Watanabe - 1964 -- - The Ainu of the northwest coast of southern Sakhalin - Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney - 1974 -- - Illness and healing among the Sakhalin Ainu: a symbolic interpretation - Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney - 1981
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Maori (New Zealand people) ; Maori (New Zealand people)--Economic conditions ; Maori (New Zealand people)--Kinship ; Maori (New Zealand people)--Social conditions ; Family--New Zealand ; Kinship--New Zealand ; New Zealand--Social life and customs ; Maori ; Maori
    Note: Culture summary: Maori - Christopher Latham - 2009 -- - The Maori: volume 1 - by Elsdon Best - 1924 -- - The Maori: volume 2 - by Elsdon Best ... - 1924 -- - The coming of the Maori - by Te Rangi Hiroa, Sir Peter Buck - 1952 -- - Economics of the New Zealand Maori - Raymond William Firth ; with a pref. by R. H. Tawney - 1959 -- - The Maori: a study in acculturation - H.B. Hawthorn - [1944] -- - New growth from old: the Whanau in the modern world - Joan Metge ; illustrated by Toi Te Rito Maihi - 1995 -- - Conflicts of redistribution in contemporary Maori society: leadership and the Tainui settlement - Toon van Meijl - 2003 -- - Effecting change through electoral politics: cultural identity and the Maori franchise - Ann Sullivan - 2003 -- - References - Edited by Toon van Meijl and Michael Goldsmith - 2003 -- - The making of the Maori: culture invention and its logic - Allan Hanson - 1989
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Haven, Conn : Human Relations Area Files, Inc
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Carib Indians ; Indians of South America--Guyana ; Barama River Carib ; Barama River Carib
    Abstract: This collection about the Barama River Carib consists of two documents and a cultural summary that covers cultural, ecological, and historical information collected by professional anthropologists from the 1920s to the 1970s. The Barama River Carib are a small group of indigenous people located in the North West District of Guyana. John Gillin explores relationships between ecology and dominant features of Barama River Carib's social organization and personality as observed in the 1930s. Kathleen Adams studied this community some forty years later. Her work gives particular emphasis to changes observed in Barama River Carib's demography, settlement pattern, and semi-nomadic adaptation to the rain forest as they were being integrated into a national political economy by the Guyanese government
    Note: Culture summary: Barama River Carib - Kathleen J. Adams - 2009 -- - The Barama River Caribs of British Guiana - John Gillin - 1936 -- - The Barama River Caribs of Guyana restudied: forty years of cultural adaptation and population change - Kathleen Joy Adams - 1973
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Tamil (Indic people) ; Agriculture and state-India-Chingleput (District) ; Agriculture and state-India-Tamil Nadu ; Land tenure-India-Chingleput (District) ; Chingleput, India (District)-Rural conditions ; Trawick, Margaret ; Tamil (Indic people)-Social life and customs ; Love ; Tamilen ; Tamilen
    Abstract: This collection of 23 documents about Indian Tamils, all in English, deal primarily with specific village surveys or regional studies in Tamil Nadu. No single document in the collection gives a general overview of all aspects of Tamil ethnography. Information regarding the caste and class organization of the Tamil is provided by Béteille, Sivetsen, Gough, Beck, and Mencher. Tamil economics is covered by Haswell and in the six south Indian village economic studies presented in Thomas, Ramakrishnan, Thirumalai, Natarajan, and Veeraraghaven. Also discussed are the status and powers of women in Tamil society, health and health policies in the village of Thaiyur, and social change in the village of Pulicat. The Tamil homeland is in southwestern India and is roughly equivalent to the modern state of Tamil Nadu. The Tamil comprise the vast majority of the population of Tamil Nadu and a good number of Indian Tamil also live in the small territory of Pondicherry, around the city of Bangalore, and elsewhere in India. The Tamil speak Tamil, a Dravidian language. Within villages, society is ordered by a hierarchy of castes
    Note: Caste in a Tanjore village - By E. Kathleen Gough - 1969 -- - Brahman kinship in a Tamil village - By E. Kathleen Gough - 1956 -- - Economics of development in village India - by M. R. Haswell ; foreword by Colin Clark - 1967 -- - Culture summary: Tamil - Clarence Maloney - 2009 -- - Caste, class, and power: changing patterns of stratification in a Tanjore village - By By André Béteille - 1971 -- - When caste barriers fall: a study of social and economic change in a south indian village - Dagfinn Sivertsen - 1963 -- - Pills against poverty: a study of the introduction of western medicine in a Tamil village - By Goran Djurfeldt and Staffan Lindberg - 1975 -- - Peasant society in Konku: a study of right and left subcastes in south India - Brenda E. F. Beck - 1972 -- - Dravidianization: a Tamil revitalization movement - Ebenezer Titus Jacob-Pandian - 1972 -- , - The smile of Murugan on Tamil literature of South India - Kamil V. Zvelebil - 1973 -- - Agriculture and social structure in Tamil Nadu: past origins, present transformations and future prospects - by Joan P. Mencher - 1978 -- - The tribulations of fieldwork - By André Béteille - 1975 -- - Viewing hierarchy from the bottom up - Joan P. Mencher - 1975 -- - Some south Indian villages: a resurvey with analysis and observations - Edited by P. J. Thomas and K. C. Ramakrishnan - 1940 -- - Vadamalaipuram: (Ramnad District) - By S. Thirumalai - 1940 -- - Gangaikondan: (Tinnevelly District.) - By B. Natarajan - 1940 -- - Palakkurichi: (Tanjore Dt.) - By S. Thirumalai - 1940 -- - Eruvellipet: (South Arcot Dt.) - By A. K. Veeraraghavan - 1940 -- - Dusi: (North Arcot Dt.) - By A. K. Veeraraghavan - 1940 -- - Notes on love in a Tamil family - Margaret Trawick - 1990 -- - On the meaning of sakti to women in Tamil Nadu - Margaret Egnor - 1991 -- - The auspicious married woman - Holly Baker Reynolds - 1991 -- - Marriage in Tamil culture: the problem of conflicting 'models' - Sheryl B. Daniel - 1991 -- - The paradoxical powers of Tamil women - Susan S. Wadley - 1991
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Abkhazians ; Family--Georgia (Republic)--Abkhazia ; Child rearing--Georgia (Republic)--Abkhazia ; Abkhazians--Social conditions ; Abkhazians--Social life and customs ; Centenarians--Georgia (Republic)--Abkhazia ; Abchasen ; Abchasen
    Abstract: This collection consists of a culture summary and four English language documents dealing with the people and culture of Abkhazia, covering approximately 1864 to 1979. The study by Paula Garb is based on the memories of centenarian informants and goes back in time to the middle or late nineteenth century. They recount the transition from czarist fuedalism to capitalist development, early Soviet government, the formation of collective farms, World War II, and their opinions of modern (late twentieth century) Abkhazian youth. Benet focuses on various environmental and biological factors leading to extreme longevity of a large number of individuals in Abkhaz society. Other ethnographic topics discussed are kinship and kinship terminology, women's roles, marriage, sexual behavior, child-rearing practices, funerals, religion, and folklore. Dzhanashvili and Dzhanashia both deal in large part with Abkhaz religion, including gods, ceremonies, spirits of the dead, and holidays. Dzhanashvili also presents some general ethnographic information on social life (marriage, the fosterage system of the upper class), and some notes on mortuary practices. The Abkhazians mostly live in the de facto autonomous republic of Abkhazia located between the southwestern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountains and a narrow strip along the Black Sea coast in the extreme northwest region of the Republic of Georgia
    Note: Culture summary: Abkhazians - B. George Hewitt - 2009 -- - Abkhazia and the Abkhaz - M. G. Dzhanashvili - 1894 -- - The Religious beliefs of the Abkhasians - N. S. Janashia - 1937 -- - Abkhasians: the long-living people of the Caucasus - By Sula Benet - [1974] -- - From childhood to centenarian - Paula Garb - 1984
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ethnology--Samoan Islands ; Samoa ; Samoan Islands ; Samoans ; Tubuai (French Polynesia) ; Girls--Samoan Islands ; Children--Samoan Islands ; Women, Samoan--Social life and customs ; Adolescence ; Samoan Islands--Social life and customs ; Western Samoa ; Ethnology--Samoa--Sala'ilua ; Sala'ilua (Samoa)--Social life and customs ; Samoans-Social conditions ; Samoans-Economic conditions ; Rural development-Samoa ; Developing countries-Economic conditions ; Samoaner ; Samoaner
    Abstract: This collection about the Samoans consists of 15 documents and a culture summary, covering a wide variety of cultural and historical information from the1830s to the 1990s. The Samoans are Polynesian people who live on a group of small islands in the Central Pacific which constitute the territories of American Samoa and (since 1962) the independent state of Western Samoa. The earliest descriptions of Samoan culture and history were compiled by the missionaries John B. Stair and George Turner, who lived in different parts of the island from 1838-1945 and 1840-1880, respectively. Five documents are ethnographic accounts and essays by Margaret Mead who, in 1925-1928, lived among Samoans villagers mostly in the Manuan group of islands in American Samoa. One document revisits some of the major arguments advanced in Mead's works, notably her portrayal of adolescent Samoan girls as sexually permissive. The remaining seven documents in the collection further enrich the historical and cultural information on Samoa with additional themes and in-depth analysis including plant resources and indigenous botanical knowledge, traditional material culture, a socio-political analysis of the modern history of American and Western Samoa, post-war reconstruction of Western Samoa, material culture and social change, structures and processes in the Western Samoan Sala'ilua village, and recent changes in the economic options of households and individuals in Vaega and Neiafu villages in Western Samoa
    Note: Samoan material culture - by Te Rangi Hiroa (P. H. Buck) - 1930 -- - Modern Samoa: its government and changing life - by Felix M. Keesing ... - 1934 -- - Ethnobotany of the Samoans - William Albert Setchell - 1924 -- - Culture summary: Samoans - Thomas Bargatzky - 2009 -- - Social organization of Manua - Margaret Mead - 1930 -- - Coming of age in Samoa: a psychological study of primitive youth for western civilisation - by Margaret Mead ... foreword by Franz Boas ... - 1928 -- - Western Samoa - W. E. H. Stanner - 1953 -- - The role of the individual in Samaon culture - Margaret Mead - 1928 -- - Samoan children at work and play - Margaret Mead - 1928 -- - Americanization in Samoa - Margaret Mead - 1929 -- , - Samoa, a hundred years ago and long before: together with notes on the cults and customs of twenty-three other islands in the Pacific - George Turner - 1884 -- - Old Samoa: or flotsam and jetsam from the Pacific Ocean - by the Rev. John B. Stair ; with an introd. by the Bishop of Ballarat - 1897 -- - Sala'ilua: a Samoan mystery - Bradd Shore - 1982 -- - Samoan planters: tradition and economic development in Polynesia - J. Tim O'Meara - 1990 -- - Ta'u: stability and change in a Samoan village - Lowell D. Holmes - 1958 -- - The history of Samoan sexual conduct and the Mead-Freeman controversy - Paul Shankman - 1996
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Haven, Conn : Human Relations Area Files, Inc
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Vedda (Sri Lankan people) ; Wedda ; Wedda
    Abstract: This collection consists of three documents, all in English, containing information about the Vedda during three periods of time: 1850s, mid-1910s, and late 1960s. The first comprehensive ethnographic account of Vedda in this collection was compiled by C. G. Seligmann and B. Z. Seligmann. It provides a first hand account of Vedda kinship, village life, economic activities, settlement patterns, life cycles, religion, music, language and perceptions as observed in 1907-1908. Seligmanns's account is supplemented by James Brow's study of kinship and caste system among the Vedda of Anuradhapura district in the Northern Central Province of Sri Lanka. The remaining book in the collection was authored by John Bailey, a British colonial government official, and he covers a variety of information relating to settlement pattern, economic activities and religion. The Vedda are a small group of indigenous people living in the center of Sri Lanka, an island off the southern tip of India
    Note: Culture summary: Vedda - James Brow and Michael Woost - 2009 -- - The Veddas - By C. G. Seligmann... and Brenda Z. Seligman. With a chapter by C.S. Myers ... and an appendix by A. Mendis Gunasekara ... - 1911 -- - An account of the wild tribes of the Veddahs of Ceylon: their habits, customs, and superstitions - John Bailey - 1863 -- - Vedda villages of Anuradhapura: the historical anthropology of a community in Sri Lanka - James Brow - 1978
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Tiwi (Australian people) ; Tiwi (Australian people)--Rites and ceremonies ; Art, Tiwi (Australia) ; Tiwi (Australian people)--Folklore ; Women, Tiwi (Australia) Tiwi (Australian people)--Social life and customs ; Tiwi ; Tiwi
    Abstract: This collection about the Tiwi consists of 11 documents and a culture summary, all in English. It covers a variety of historical, geographical, and cultural information from 1900 to the 1960s collected primarily by professional anthropologists and government officials. The Tiwi are aboriginal people inhabiting Melville and Bathurst Islands of northern Australia. Anthropologist Jane Goodale provides comprehensive firsthand ethnographic accounts of Tiwi society as observed in 1950s and 1960s. She describes major features of Tiwi society through detailed exposition of the experiences of individual women, men, and children in different groups (households, matrilineal sibs, phratries, and moieties) and a wide variety of social situations relating to puberty rites, marriage arrangements, and funeral ceremonies. Other anthropological studies included examine status manipulation and political behavior, art and religion, kinship and social organization, use of personal names, marriage contracts, puberty and initiation rites, economic activities, and division of labor by gender. There is little information on changes that might have occurred in Tiwi society after 1962 (the year Goodale visited the area for the last time) to the present
    Note: Culture summary: Tiwi - Jane C. Goodale - 2009 -- - The Tiwi of North Australia - by C. W. M. Hart and Arnold R. Pilling - 1960 -- - The Tiwi: their art, myth, and ceremony - Charles P. Mountford - 1958 -- - The Tiwi of Melville and Bathurst Islands - C. W. M. Hart - 1939-31 -- - Personal names among the Tiwi - C. W. M. Hart - 1930-31 -- - Notes on the natives of Bathurst Island, North Australia - Herbert Basedow - 1913 -- - Marriage contracts among the Tiwi - Jane C. Goodale - 1962 -- - Qualifications of manhood: Tiwi invoke the power of a yam - Jane C. Goodale - 1963 -- - 'Alonga Bush': a Tiwi hunt - Jane C. Goodale - 1957 -- - Life at Bathurst Island Mission - Arthur Barclay - 1939 -- - Tiwi wives: a study of the women of Melville Island, North Australia - [by] Jane C. Goodale - [1971] -- - Production and reproduction of key resources among the Tiwi of North Australia - Jane C. Goodale - 1982
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bedouins--Arabian Peninsula ; Arabian Peninsula--Description and travel ; Folklore--Arabian Peninsula ; Bedouins--Saudi Arabia ; Saudi Arabia--Social life and customs ; Beduine ; Beduine
    Abstract: This collection of three documents and a culture summary, all in English, cover historical and cultural information from about late-1900s to mid-1970s. Alois Musil, a Czech historical geographer, traveled with the Rwala Bedouins between 1908 and 1915 working for the Austro-Hungarian government. His book provides first hand accounts of daily life, ethical codes, social structures and religious practices of the Rwala when they were still living in the desert as nomadic pastoralists. Carl Reinhard Raswan, a German adventurer, spent 22 years off and on among the Rwala Bedouins from 1913-1935. He presents detailed information on Rwala code of honor and ethics, drought and patterns of migration, marriage practices and duties of village Sheiks. Anthropologist William Lancaster conducted extensive ethnographic fieldwork among various Rwala groups in Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia in 1972-1975. Lancaster's work explores how Rwala families, lineages and Sheiks have changed over the past several decades in response to external forces, notably the division of their traditional homeland among four newly emerged sovereign states (namely, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq) and the oil boom in the region. This work also deconstructs travelers' reports and European imaginations of the Bedouin which tend to romanticize their desert life and "exotic" lineage systems. The Rwala are nomadic pastoralists who live mainly in southeastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia. They speak Arabic and refer to themselves as "baduw," that is, people of the "desert." All Rwala are believed to be descended from a common but unknown Arab ancestor. Their access to grazing land has been altered by the creation of nation-states in the 20th century and the establishment national boundaries across their customary migration routes. Since 1970 the Rwala have made more money from commerce and wage labor than from pastoralism
    Note: Culture summary: Rwala Bedouin - William Young - 2009 -- - Black tents of Arabia - Carl R. Raswan - 1947 -- - The manners and customs of the Rwala Bedouins - by Alois Musil ... published under the patronage of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts and of Charles R. Crane - 1928 -- - The Rwala Bedouin today - William Lancaster - 1981
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ethnology--Hmong (Asian people) ; Religion--Hmong (Asian people) ; Ethnology--China--Kweichow Province ; Hmong (Asian people)--China ; Hmong (Asian people)--China--Social life and customs ; Ethnic relations--Political aspects ; Miao ; Miao
    Abstract: This collection of ten documents, three translated from the Chinese, provide historical, economic and cultural information about the Miao, circa 1920-2000. Most are based on fieldwork with different Miao communities in China during the late 1930s and early 1940s at a time when many Miao farmers actively participated first in the liberation struggle against Japanese occupation and later on during the "Long March" with the victorious Red Army. The earliest and most basic sources in the collection are by Graham which, together, provide a variety of cultural information including language, mythology, subsistence, dwellings, family life, kinship, village government, arts, religion and ceremonials. His focus on the Miao of southern Szechwan is complimented by Rui who provides a brief description of a subgroup called Magpai Miao. Four documents focus on different Miao groups living in Kweichow, Hunan, and Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Based on ethnographic data collected in the 1980s and early 1990s, when the Chinese government gradually opened rural communities to Western researchers and travelers, the two remaining works discuss the ways in which the cultures and identities of the Miao (and other minority ethnic groups) have been constructed and deployed since the 1949 and especially in the context of China's post-Mao economic reforms. The Miao are one of 56 non-Han Chinese people officially recognized by the government as minority nationalities. They are distinguished by language, dress, historical traditions, and cultural practice from neighboring ethnic groups and the dominant Han Chinese
    Note: Culture summary: Miao - Norma Diamond - 2009 -- - A report on an investigation of the Miao of western Hunan - [by] Shun-sheng Ling and Yih-fu Ruey ; translation by Lien-en Tsao - 1947 -- - The Cowrie Shell Miao of Kweichow - [by] Margaret Portia Mickey - 1947 -- - Religious beliefs of the Miao and I tribes in An-shun Kweichow - [by] Kuo-chun Ch'en ; translation by Lien-en Tsao - 1942 -- - The customs of the Ch'uan Miao - [by] David Crockett Graham - 1937 -- - The ceremonies of the Ch'uan Miao - Translated from the Miao into Chinese by Hsiung Ts'ao-sung ; translated from the Chinese by David Crockett Graham, with the assistance of Hsiung Ts'ao-sung - 1937 -- - Songs and stories of the Ch'uan Miao - [by] David Crockett Graham - 1954 -- - Studies of Miao-I societies in Kweichow - [by] Che-lin Wu, Ch'en Kuo-chnn and others ; translation by Lien-en Tsao - 1942 -- , - Minority rules: the Miao and the feminine in China's cultural politics - Louisa Schein - 2000 -- - Ethnicity and the state: the Hua Miao of southwest China - Norma Diamond - 1993 -- - Magpie Miao of southern Szechuan - Ruey Yih-fu - 1960
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Haven, Conn : Human Relations Area Files, Inc
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Mapuche Indians ; Indian children-Chile ; Indian children--Argentina ; Indians of South America--Chile ; Indians of South America-Argentina ; Mapuche Indians-Social life and customs ; Indians of South America-Chile ; Mapuche Indians--Social life and customs ; Mapuche Indians--Religion ; Mapuche ; Mapuche
    Abstract: This collection consists of nine documents, all in English, about the Mapuche. Titiev gives a good overall picture of Mapuche culture with special emphasis on sociopolitical structure and acculturation but only covers the period from 1930 to the late 1940s. Cooper's writing, based on secondary documentation, supplements the data in Titiev, particularly in regard to diversity among the various tribal divisions, and adds more historical background information. Latcham's account of Mapuche culture as it existed in the late nineteenth century is poorly organized, but provides many useful details on Mapuche life. Although its major focus is on childhood and child-rearing practices, Hilger's piece provides a wealth of information on the life cycle, material culture, subsistence activities, religion, kinship, political organization, art, and culture history of both Chilean and Argentinian groups of Mapuche. Faron deals with Mapuche social structure, religion, and morals; Baccara discusses the Mapuche ethnic resurgence in post-dictatorship Chile; and Nakashima Degarrond describes female shamanism among the Mapuche of Chile. Historically, Mapuche or "people from the land" was the term used to designate the Mapuche occupying the south-central area of Chile but now is the term used for all Mapuche. The Mapuche speak a language called Mapudungun, composed of several dialects
    Note: Culture summary: Mapuche - Lydia Nakashima Degarrod - 2009 -- - Araucanian culture in transition - Mischa Titiev - 1951 -- - Ethnology of the Araucanos - Richard E. Latcham - 1909 -- - The Araucanians - John M. Cooper - 1946 -- - Araucanian child life and its cultural background - by Sister M. Inez Hilger - 1957 -- - Mapuche social structure: institutional reintegration in a patrilineal society of central Chile - Louis C. Faron ; foreword by Julian H. Steward - 1961 -- - Hawks of the sun: Mapuche morality and its ritual attributes - by Louis C. Faron - 1964 -- - The Mapuche people in post-dictatorship Chile - Guillaume Boccara - 2002 -- - Mapuche ceremonial landscape, social recruitment and resource rights - Tom D. Dillehay - 1990 -- - Female shamanism and the Mapuche transformation into Christian Chilean Farmers - Lydia Nakashima Degarrod - 1998
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kpelle (African people) ; Kpelle (African people)--Marriage customs and rites ; Kpelle (African people)--Economic conditions ; Kpelle (African people)--Social conditions ; Poro (Society) ; Kpelle (African people)--Rites and ceremonies ; Secrecy ; Liberia--Social life and customs ; Kpelle (African people)--Social life and customs ; Kpelle (African people)--Religion ; Folk classification--Liberia ; Children, Kpelle ; Socialization--Case studies ; Kpelle (African people)--Education ; Education--Liberia ; Children, Kpelle-Education ; Children, Kpelle-Games ; Children, Kpelle-Cultural assimilation ; Learning, Psychology of ; Child development-Liberia-Gbarngasuakwelle ; Child psychology-Liberia--Gbarngasuakwelle ; Gbarngasuakwelle (Liberia)-Social life and customs ; Kpelle ; Kpelle
    Abstract: This collection about the Kpelle consists of 10 documents, covering a variety of cultural information, from the 1910s to the 1980s. German ethnologist Diedrich H. Westermann describes Kpelle environment, economy, language, family, social organization, religion and arts as observed in 1914-1915. His work is the oldest and by far the largest in the collection, though Gibbs provides a more general social and cultural summary of Kpelle based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 1957-1958. The remaining 8 documents are results of research concerned with specific issues and the focus of most of these studies was on rural Kpelle communities in Liberia. Kpelle communities found in cities (e.g., Monorovia) and outside Liberia (e.g., Kpelle of Guinea or Guerzé) are not covered. The Kpelle are the largest ethnic group in the West African nation of Liberia and a significant group in neighboring Guinea
    Note: Culture summary: Kpelle - Gerald M. Erchak - 2009 -- - The Kpelle of Liberia - James L. Gibbs, Jr. - 1965 -- - Women and marriage in Kpelle society - Caroline H. Bledsoe - 1980 -- - The language of secrecy: symbols & metaphors in Poro ritual - By Beryl Larry Bellman - 1984 -- - Village of curers and assassins: on the production of Fala Kpelle cosmolotical categories - By Beryl Larry Bellman - 1975 -- - The Kpelle: a negro tribe in Liberia - Diedrich H. Westerman - 1921 -- - Full respect: Kpelle children in adaptation - Gerald Michael Erchak - 1977 -- - Marital instability among the Kpelle: towards a theory of epainogamy - James L. Gibbs - 1963 -- - Poro values and courtroom procedures in a Kpelle chiefdom - James L. Gibbs, Jr. - 1962 -- - The Kpelle moot: a therapeutic model for the informal settlement of disputes - James L. Gibbs, Jr. - 1963 -- - Playing on the mother-ground: cultural routines for children's development - David F. Lancy - 1996
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Yoruba (African people) ; Yoruba ; Yoruba
    Abstract: This collection of 31 documents about the Yoruba covers the time period from 1880 to the 1960s. The book by anthropologist William R. Bascom (1969) provides comprehensive first-hand ethnographic accounts of Yoruba culture as observed in 1937-1938, 1950-1951 and 1965. Articles by Bascom discuss aspects of Yoruba culture and society including social structure, cult groups and divination, functions of local credit institutions, and food and cooking. Other anthropological studies include both broad ethnographic surveys, and relatively short manuscripts examining specific themes including political structure, lineage groups, kinship and marriage, class and economic differentiation, craft organization, land tenure and tenancy, urbanization and change, and divination, cult groups, witchcraft and dynamics of gender and religion. Also included in the collection are reports by a senior colonial government official and two missionaries. The collection focuses largely on Yoruba communities in Nigeria, except Parrinder (1947) who provides a brief ethnographic survey of the Yoruba in Benin (formerly Dahomey). Readers will also find useful information in Matory and Bascom (1969) relating to the influences of Yoruba religion and art forms on the cultures of peoples of African origin in the Caribbean, Cuba, Brazil, and the United States
    Note: Culture summary: Yoruba - Sandra T. Barnes - 2009 -- - The Yoruba-speaking peoples of south-western Nigeria - Daryll Forde - 1951 -- - The sanctions of Ifa divination - William R. Bascom - 1941 -- - The laws and customs of the Yoruba people - by A. K. Ajisafe ; with a portrait of the author - 1924 -- - The principle of seniority in the social structure of the Yoruba - William R. Bascom - 1942 -- - Yoruba food - William R. Bascom - 1951 -- - Yoruba cooking - William R. Bascom - 1951 -- - The Yoruba lineage - Peter C. Lloyd - 1955 -- - Kinship and lineage among the Yoruba - William B. Schwab - 1955 -- - Craft organization on Yoruba towns - Peter C. Lloyd - 1953 -- - Some problems of tenancy in Yoruba land tenure - Peter C. Lloyd - 1955 -- - Land tenure in the Yoruba provinces - H. L. Ward Price - 1939 -- - The terminology of kinship and marriage among the Yoruba - William B. Schwab - 1958 -- , - The sociological role of the Yoruba cult-group - William R. Bascom - 1944 -- - Native administration in Nigeria - Margery Perham - 1937 -- - The traditional political system of the Yoruba - Peter C. Lloyd - 1954 -- - Social status, wealth and individual differences among the Yoruba - William R. Bascom - 1951 -- - Teh Esusu: a credit institution of the Yoruba - William R. Bascom - 1952 -- - Ifa divination - J. D. Clarke - 1939 -- - The integration of the new economic classes into local government in western Nigeria - P. C. Lloyd - 1953 -- - Yoruba-speaking peoples in Dahomey - Geoffrey Parrinder - 1947 -- - The Atinga cult among the south-western Yoruba: a sociological analysis of a witch-finding movement - P. Morton-Williams - 1956 -- - Native administration in the British African territories: part III, West Africa: Nigeria, Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Gambia - Lord Hailey - 1951 -- - Three Yoruba fertility ceremonies - J. D. Clarke - 1944 -- - Ifa Divination: comments on the paper by J. D. Clarke - William R. Bascom - 1942 -- , - Theistic beliefs of the Yoruba and Ewe peoples of West Africa - Geoffrey Parrinder - 1950 -- - Some modern changes in the government of Yoruba towns - Peter C. Lloyd - 1953 -- - The Yoruba of Nigeria - Peter C. Lloyd - 1965 -- - Indigenous Yoruba psychiatry - Raymond Prince - 1964 -- - Manners and customs - Samuel Johnson - 1921 -- - The Yoruba of Southwestern Nigeria - by William Bascom - [1969] -- - Sex and the empire that is no more: gender and the politics of metaphor in Oyo Yoruba religion - J. Lorand Matory - 1994
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Mossi (African people) ; Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)--Social conditions ; Mossi ; Mossi
    Abstract: This collection of 10 documents covers historical, cultural, and geographical information on the Mossi people from their first conquest by French colonialists in 1896/1897 to the emergence of Burkina Faso as an independent nation in 1961. The earliest account of pre-colonial Mossi culture and society in this collection was compiled by Mangin, a Catholic missionary who worked among the Mossi at the turn of the 20th century. Two documents focus on political and social structures as observed in 1908-1916 by Tauxier, a French colonial administrator with a long association with traditional Mossi leaders. The remaining seven documents were compiled by two American anthropologists, Skinner and Hammond, and are based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in Ouagadougou and other parts of Mossi country mostly in 1954-1957. In one document Skinner discusses urbanization and modernization issues based on data and interviews from ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the 1964-1965 and later on in 1966-1969 when the author served as the Ambassador of the United States to Burkina Faso. The Mossi are a Voltaic-speaking people located mostly in the West African nation of Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta). The Mossi are historically noted for their empire, which lasted for at least five centuries until conquest by the French at the end of the nineteenth century
    Note: Culture summary: Mossi - Gregory A. Finnegan - 2009 -- - Essay on the manners and customs of the Mossi people in the western Sudan - Eugène Mangin - 1921 -- - Economic change and Mossi acculturation - Peter B. Hammond - 1959 -- - The black population of the Sudan, Mossi and Gourounsi country, documents and analyses - Louis Tauxier - 1912 -- - The black population of Yatenga - L. Tauxier - 1917 -- - Christianity and Islam among the Mossi - Elliott P. Skinner - 1958 -- - Traditional and modern patterns of succession to political office among the Mossi of the Voltaic Republic - Elliott P. Skinner - 1960 -- - Mossi joking - Peter B. Hammond - 1964 -- - The Mossi of the Upper Volta - Elliott Percival Skinner - 1964 -- - Trade and market among the Mossi people - By Elliott P. Skinner - 1962 -- - African urban life: the transformation of Ouagadougou - by Elliott P. Skinner - [1974]
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  • 24
    ISBN: 0387893482 , 9780387893488
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 292 p.) , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Peace psychology book series
    DDC: 303.66
    RVK:
    Keywords: Peace ; Peace Psychological aspects ; Nonviolence ; Pacifism ; Electronic books ; Pazifismus ; Psychologie ; Konfliktregelung ; Gewaltlosigkeit ; Psychologie
    Abstract: Recent trends and events worldwide have increased public interest in nonviolence, pacifism, and peace psychology as well as professional interest across the social sciences. Nonviolence and Peace Psychology assembles multiple perspectives to create a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the concepts and phenomena of nonviolence than is usually seen on the subject. Through this diverse literature—spanning psychology, political science, religious studies, anthropology, and sociology—peace psychologist Dan Mayton gives readers the opportunity to view nonviolence as a body of principles, a system of pragmatics, and a strategy for social change. This important volume:Draws critical distinctions between nonviolence, pacifism, and related concepts.Classifies nonviolence in terms of its scope (intrapersonal, interpersonal, societal, global) and pacifism according to political and situational dimensions.Applies standard psychological concepts such as beliefs, motives, dispositions, and values to define nonviolent actions and behaviors.Brings sociohistorical and cross-cultural context to peace psychology.Analyzes a century’s worth of nonviolent social action, from the pathbreaking work of Gandhi and King to the Courage to Refuse movement within the Israeli armed forces.Reviews methodological and measurement issues in nonviolence research, and suggests areas for future study.Although more attention is traditionally devoted to violence and aggression within the social sciences, Nonviolence and Peace Psychology reveals a robust knowledge base and a framework for peacebuilding work, granting peace psychologists, activists, and mediators new possibilities for the transformative power of nonviolence.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction, Boulder, Colo : NetLibrary, 2009 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 25
    ISBN: 082137818X , 9780821378182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 67 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 166
    DDC: 362.1
    Keywords: Health promotion ; Integrated delivery of health care ; World health ; Health promotion ; Integrated delivery of health care ; World health ; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated ; World Health
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionMethodology -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-67)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
    ISBN: 0821378023 , 9780821378021
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 271 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 362.1
    Keywords: Medical economics ; Public health personnel Salaries, etc ; Medical economics ; Public health personnel Salaries, etc ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Medical economics ; Public health personnel ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits
    Description / Table of Contents: OverviewBackground country study for Kenya -- Background country study for Zambia -- Background country study for Rwanda -- Background country study for the Dominican Republic.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 27
    ISBN: 0821377760 , 9780821377765
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvii, 187 p) , col. ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Orientations in development series
    DDC: 337.56051
    Keywords: Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Africa, North ; China ; China ; India ; India ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Africa, North Commerce ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commerce ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Commerce ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; Africa, North Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; India Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Commerce ; Middle East Foreign economic relations ; Middle East Foreign economic relations
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-177) and index , Report prepared by a team led by Miria Pigato , Statement of responsibility from cover
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: This new addition to the 'Little DataBook' series presents at-a-glance tables for over 140 economies showing the most recent national data on key indicators of information and communications technology (ICT), including access, quality, affordability, efficiency,sustainability, and applications
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380230 , 0821380249 , 9780821380239 , 9780821380246
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 117 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available online
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 338.6/420984
    Keywords: Industrial productivity ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business Management ; Industrial productivity ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business Management ; Industrial productivity ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business
    Abstract: This book presents qualitative and quantitative analyses on Bolivia's informal sector, the reasons why firms are informal, and the impact of normalization on their profitability. The analysis finds that the impact of tax registration on profitability depends on firm size and the ability to issue tax receipts, and presents a set of prioritized policy implications for policy makers. In the short term, the first priority should be to increase the benefits of formalization through training, access to credit and markets, and business support. The second is to increase information on how to formalize and its benefits. In the medium term, the priority is to simplify formalization, regulatory and taxation procedures and reduce their costs. Increasing even-handed enforcement of taxation and regulation is also important but not a priority for micro and small firms. Measures to boost the productivity of micro and small firms in general will both help overall economic growth, employment, and, formalization.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction : increasing formality and productivity of Bolivian firmsThe informal sector in Bolivia today -- The productivity of micro and small firms -- Informality and profitability in micro and small firms -- Policy recommendations.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378786 , 9780821379370
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 194 p) , ill. , col. maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests Management ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests Management ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests
    Description / Table of Contents: The historic and environmental contextThe advent of forest reform -- Objectives and content of the reforms -- A summary of impacts -- In-depth analysis of impacts -- Ten years of forest sector reform.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 31
    ISBN: 0821378740 , 0821378759 , 9780821378748 , 9780821378755
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 451 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 336.3/435091724
    Keywords: Debt relief ; Debt relief ; Debt relief
    Note: "This book is the outcome of a conference titled 'Debt relief and beyond: a World Bank conference on debt and development,' held in October 2008 at the World Bank in Washington, D.C."--Preface , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : Africa Region Human Development Department/World Bank
    ISBN: 0821381245 , 0821381253 , 9780821381243 , 9780821381250
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 45 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa human development series
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 175
    DDC: 344.67/074
    Keywords: Education, Higher Law and legislation ; Private universities and colleges Law and legislation ; Education, Higher Law and legislation ; Private universities and colleges Law and legislation ; Education, Higher ; Private universities and colleges
    Note: "William Saint and Christine Lao, March 2009 : This paper expands on an initial survey completed by Christine Lao in April 2007. Both authors served as consultants to the Africa Region Human Development Department of the World Bank. However, the findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or of the governments they represent"---publisher's galley , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380060 , 0821380079 , 9780821380062 , 9780821380079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxix, 167 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 338.4/33621009598
    Keywords: Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Reform economics ; Insurance, Health economics ; National Health Programs economics ; Population Dynamics ; Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; National Health Programs ; Population Dynamics
    Description / Table of Contents: Socioeconomic and health systems contextIndonesia's health financing system -- Assessment of health financing performance -- Key policy issues, options, and costs -- Policy options : finding resources for health -- Conclusions and next steps.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-159) and index
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821381472
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: The World Bank Annual Report 2009, Year in Review, explores the impact of the global financial and economic crisis in developing countries, and fast-track funding and programs that can help member countries withstand the debacle. In addition, new and ongoing programs and projects in health, climate change, infrastructure, and several other areas are highlighted. A new feature this year is personal-impact stories for each region, relaying the positive effects of World Bank assistance on individuals
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  • 35
    ISBN: 0821381679 , 0821381687 , 9780821381670 , 9780821381687
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 106 p) , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 179
    DDC: 333.3/24
    Keywords: Petroleum Prospecting ; Petroleum industry and trade ; Petroleum Prospecting ; Petroleum industry and trade
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [100]-106)
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  • 36
    ISBN: 0821381261 , 082138127X , 9780821381267 , 9780821381274
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 114 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Environment and development
    DDC: 363.738/74
    Keywords: Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management
    Description / Table of Contents: The world bank and biodiversity conservation: a contribution to action for climate changeNatural ecosystems and mitigation -- Ecosystem-based adaptation: reducing vulnerability -- Biodiversity conservation and food, water, and livelihood security: emerging issues -- Implementing ecosystem-based approaches to climate change.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821382225 , 0821382233 , 9780821382226 , 9780821382233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 81 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 339.4/20947
    Keywords: Cost and standard of living ; Cost and standard of living ; Households Economic aspects ; Households Economic aspects ; Cost and standard of living ; Cost and standard of living ; Households Economic aspects ; Households Economic aspects ; Cost and standard of living ; Cost and standard of living ; Households ; Households ; Asia, Central ; Europe, Eastern ; Asia, Central Economic conditions 21st century ; Europe, Eastern Economic conditions 21st century ; Asia, Central Economic conditions 21st century ; Europe, Eastern Economic conditions 21st century
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77)
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4827
    Parallel Title: Docquier, Frédéric Measuring skilled migration rates
    Keywords: Brain drain States, Small ; Migration, Internal ; States, Small Emigration and immigration ; Brain drain States, Small ; Migration, Internal ; States, Small Emigration and immigration
    Abstract: "Recent changes in information and communication technologies have contributed to a dramatic increase in the degree of integration and interdependency of countries, markets, and people. Against this background, one aspect of particular concern for small states is the international movement of people. This paper focuses on this particularly important aspect of globalization, with emphasis on the movement of skilled people and its relationship with country size. In addition to overall skilled migration, it provides evidence that controls for migration age in order to distinguish between those educated in the home country and those educated abroad. The authors discuss the growth implications of the brain drain from small countries and policies that may help control it. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4829
    Parallel Title: Hostland, Doug Low-income countries' access to private debt markets
    Keywords: Debts, External ; Loans, Foreign ; Debts, External ; Loans, Foreign
    Abstract: "Private debt flows to developing countries surged to record levels over the period 2003-07. A few low-income countries have gained access to the international bond market but the bulk of the flows have continued to go to just a few large middle-income countries. Most low-income countries still heavily depend on concessional loans and grants from the official sector to meet their financing needs. The paper provides an overview of low-income countries' access to cross-border bank lending and bond issuance in the international market over the past few decades. It highlights some stylized facts that characterize salient features of low-income countries' experience in external borrowing from the private sector and discusses the various factors that influence governments' and corporations' decisions to seek external financing along with creditors' decisions to provide the financing. The paper concludes by assessing the prospects for low-income countries' access to private debt markets over the medium term. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4831
    Parallel Title: Hou, Xiaohui Wealth
    Keywords: Child labor ; Education ; Wealth ; Child labor ; Education ; Wealth
    Abstract: "The relationship between wealth and child labor has been widely examined. This paper uses three rounds of time-series, cross-sectional data to examine the relationship between wealth and child labor and schooling. The paper finds that wealth is crucial in determining a child's activities, but that this factor is far from being a sufficient condition to enroll a child in school. This is particularly the case for rural girls. Nonparametric analysis shows a universal increase in school enrollment for rural girls from 1998 to 2006. This increase is independent of wealth (measured by per capita expenditure). Multinomial logit regression further shows that wealth is insignificant in determining rural girls' activity decisions. Thus, interventions to increase school enrollment should incorporate broad-targeted, demand-side interventions as well as supply-side interventions. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4832
    Parallel Title: L. Cropper, Maureen Valuing mortality and morbidity in the context of disaster risks
    Keywords: Disasters ; Mortality ; Disasters ; Mortality
    Abstract: "Benefit-cost analyses of disaster risk reduction (DRR) projects are an important tool for evaluating the efficiency of such projects, and an important input into decision making. These analyses, however, often fail to monetize the benefits of reduced death and injury. The authors review the literature on valuing reduced death and injury, and suggest methods for calculating order-of-magnitude estimates of these benefits. Because few empirical estimates of the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) are available for developing countries, methods for transferring estimates from high income to middle and low income countries are reviewed. The authors suggest using the range of values implied by an income elasticity of 1.0 and an elasticity of 1.5. With regard to injury valuation they discuss arguments for and against monetizing Quality Adjusted Life Years, and provide shortcuts to valuing injuries that may be used to assess their importance in DRR benefit-cost analyses. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4839
    Parallel Title: Fink, Guenther Determinants of international emergency aid
    Keywords: Disaster relief ; Natural disasters ; Disaster relief ; Natural disasters
    Abstract: "The authors use an original data set covering more than 400 recent natural disasters to analyze the determinants of international emergency aid. Although humanitarian need is a major determinant of emergency relief payments, the results imply that political and strategic factors play a crucial role in the emergency aid allocation. On average, donor governments favor smaller, geographically closer, and oil exporting countries, and display significant biases in favor of politically less aligned countries as well as toward their former colonies. The authors also test and reject the independence of donors' aid decisions, finding strong evidence for bandwagon effects in humanitarian assistance. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4841
    Parallel Title: Anós Casero, Paloma What drives firm productivity growth ?
    Keywords: Industrial productivity ; Industrial productivity
    Abstract: "This paper presents new evidence on the causal links between changes in the business environment and firm productivity growth. It contributes to the literature in three important aspects. First, it constructs a unique database merging information from two large firm-level databases. The samples of both databases are merged on four criteria-country, sub-national location, firm size, and year-producing a panel of 22,004 firms in eight economies of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia,, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine. Second, the paper addresses shortcomings of earlier studies, namely reverse causation, multicollinearity, and unreliable productivity estimates. Firm productivity growth is estimated drawing on corporate financial data from manufacturing firms included in the AMADEUS database. Changes in the business environment are estimated from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys conducted in 2002 and 2005. Multicollinearity problems in the full model regression are mitigated by constructing a set of six aggregate indicators of the business environment (using principal component analysis). The paper finds that, over the period 2001 to 2004, an increase of one standard deviation in infrastructure quality, financial development, governance, labor market flexibility, labor quality, and market competition raises the total factor productivity of the average firm by 9.8, 7.8, 3.2, 3.4, 5.8, and 3 percent, respectively. Lastly, the paper decomposes firm productivity growth and ranks the relative impact of changes in these six aspects of the business environment by country, by firm size, and by industry. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4847
    Parallel Title: Rogers, F. Halsey No more cutting class?
    Keywords: Education ; Teachers Leaves of absence ; Education ; Teachers Leaves of absence
    Abstract: "Expanding and improving basic education in developing countries requires, at a minimum, teachers who are present in the classroom and motivated to teach, but this essential input is often missing. This paper describes the findings of a series of recent World Bank and other studies on teacher absence and incentives for performance. Surprise school visits reveal that teachers are absent at high rates in countries such as India, Indonesia, Uganda, Ecuador, and Zambia, reducing the quality of schooling for children, especially in rural, remote, and poor areas. More broadly, poor teacher management and low levels of teacher accountability afflict many developing-country education systems. The paper presents evidence on these shortcomings, but also on the types of incentives, management, and support structures that can improve motivation and performance and reduce avoidable absenteeism. It concludes with policy options for developing countries to explore as they work to meet Education for All goals and improve quality. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4849
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Global income distribution and poverty in the absence of agricultural distortions
    Abstract: "This paper assesses the potential impacts of the removal of agriculture trade distortions using a newly developed dataset and methodological approach for evaluating the global poverty and inequality effects of policy reforms. It finds that liberalization of agriculture and food could increase global extreme poverty (US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4851
    Parallel Title: Ianchovichina, Elena Inclusive growth analytics
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Zambia Economic conditions 1964- ; Zambia Economic conditions 1964-
    Abstract: "This paper argues that inclusive growth analytics has a distinct character focusing on both the pace and pattern of growth. Traditionally, applied country-specific poverty and growth analyses have been done separately. This paper describes the conceptual elements for an analytical strategy aimed to integrate these two strands of analyses, and to identify and prioritize country-specific constraints to sustained and inclusive growth. The authors apply the framework to the case of Zambia. The analysis suggests that income growth in Zambia is constrained by poor access to domestic and international markets, inputs, extension services, and information. High indirect costs - mostly attributable to infrastructure service-related inputs in production including energy, transport, telecom, water, but also insurance, marketing, and professional services - undermine Zambia's competitiveness, limit job creation, and therefore serve as a major constraint to inclusive growth. Improving the quality and access to secondary and tertiary education is essential if the poor are to benefit from future growth of the non-farm economy. Weak governance and, in particular, poor government effectiveness are factors behind the market coordination failures and the identified government failures, and are as such major obstacles to inclusive growth in Zambia. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4852
    Parallel Title: Toto Same, Achille Transforming natural resource wealth into sustained growth and poverty reduction
    Keywords: Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy
    Abstract: "Oil and mineral revenues raise national savings and hence facilitate investment, capital accumulation, and sustained growth; thus, there are benefits of owning large natural resources. There can be a significant spillover effect from the oil sector to the non-oil sector particularly if governments are committed to bridge the infrastructure gap and promote the non-oil economy and foremost the non-oil tradable sector. Consequently, the capacity for coordinated policy formulation and execution is fundamental as well as sound windfall management mechanisms and institutions. This conceptual framework uses the case of Indonesia and the example of Norway to argue that the resource paradox is avoidable. Abundance should not be a curse, but rather a blessing for Sub-Saharan Africa's oil and mineral exporting countries. The country context and political economy matter a great deal but should not be the main driving forces behind windfall management, to avoid excessive rent-seeking activities, inefficiency, and wasteful spending. The EITI++ implementation can contribute to make a difference, mostly through capacity building, implementation assistance, and coordination support. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4864
    Parallel Title: Lloyd, P. J How do agricultural policy restrictions to global trade and welfare differ across commodities ?
    Keywords: Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state
    Abstract: "For decades the world's agricultural markets have been highly distorted by national government policies, but very differently for different commodities. Hence a weighted average across countries of nominal rates of assistance or consumer tax equivalents for a product can be misleading as an indicator of the trade or welfare effects of policies affecting that product's global market. This is especially the case when some countries tax and others subsidize its production or consumption. This article develops a new set of more-satisfactory indicators for that purpose, drawing on the recent literature on trade restrictiveness indexes. It then exploits a global agricultural distortions database recently compiled by the World Bank to generate the first set of estimates of those two indicators for each of 28 key agricultural commodities from 1960 to 2004, based on a sample of 75 countries that together account for more than three-quarters of the world's production of those agricultural commodities. These reveal the considerable extent of reforms in agricultural policies of developing as well as high-income countries over the past two decades. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4866
    Parallel Title: Bhattacharyya, Subhes C Energy demand models for policy formulation
    Keywords: Energy policy ; Energy policy
    Abstract: "This paper critically reviews existing energy demand forecasting methodologies highlighting the methodological diversities and developments over the past four decades in order to investigate whether the existing energy demand models are appropriate for capturing the specific features of developing countries. The study finds that two types of approaches, econometric and end-use accounting, are used in the existing energy demand models. Although energy demand models have greatly evolved since the early 1970s, key issues such as the poor-rich and urban-rural divides, traditional energy resources, and differentiation between commercial and non-commercial energy commodities are often poorly reflected in these models. While the end-use energy accounting models with detailed sector representations produce more realistic projections compared with the econometric models, they still suffer from huge data deficiencies especially in developing countries. Development and maintenance of more detailed energy databases, further development of models to better reflect developing country context, and institutionalizing the modeling capacity in developing countries are the key requirements for energy demand modeling to deliver richer and more reliable input to policy formulation in developing countries. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4870
    Parallel Title: Fernandes, Ana Margarida Professional services and development
    Keywords: Professional education ; Professions ; Professional education ; Professions
    Abstract: "Professional skills are scarce in Mozambique, even by the standards of low-income countries. The solution, however, is not necessarily to create more Mozambican training institutions but to address market-specific problems. Where skills are already the binding constraint (for example, in auditing and engineering), policy action is indeed needed to remedy supply-side problems: capital market imperfections that inhibit investment in training institutions by entrepreneurs and in education by individuals; weakness in upstream school education, which handicaps Mozambican students in their pursuit of higher education; inadequacies in professional education and training, including curricula not attuned to industry needs; and a fragmentation of the regional education market by regulatory and language differences that prevent the emergence of regional institutions that can exploit economies of scale.Where skills may be limited but are not yet the binding constraint, the priority is to stimulate demand for appropriate skills. In this respect, the emergence of professional guilds offers opportunities, but also creates risks. The guilds can design, with government support, a regulatory framework, for example, in accounting and basic engineering, which is more attuned to the needs of Mozambican firms. They can also help make firms more aware of the benefits of professional help, for example, in accounting and information technology. The risk is that guilds will create unnecessary regulatory barriers to entry, particularly for foreign or foreign-trained professionals. Greater coherence between policies affecting professional services and international migration policy can help deal with both supply-side and demand-side problems. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4874
    Parallel Title: López, Ramón Natural disasters and the dynamics of intangible assets
    Keywords: Human capita ; Intangible property ; Natural disasters Economic aspects ; Human capita ; Intangible property ; Natural disasters Economic aspects
    Abstract: "Empirical evidence suggests that the higher-order effects of natural disasters, which affect intangible assets, may be even more important than the material inter-industry effects. However, most existing general equilibrium models ignore higher order effects concerning human capital. Moreover, it is recognized that natural resource dependence increases vulnerability to natural disasters. Recent studies have indeed shown the potential importance of subsistence traps caused by asset losses in low-income economies from a partial equilibrium perspective. This paper presents an analysis that allows for endogenous investments in real assets (physical capital) as well as in human capital, explicitly considering the potential for subsistence traps arising from minimum consumption and minimum natural resource irreversibility thresholds. The general equilibrium ramifications of subsistence traps are developed. The main issue is that the economy may be subject to hysteresis: A temporary shock such as a natural disaster may leave permanent consequences for the economy. An obvious permanent effect of a one-time disaster shock is that physical man-made and natural assets owned especially by poor households may end up completely wiped out. The disaster may not be the direct cause; it may be that poor households would have to obtain minimum subsistence consumption out of depleted assets. However, not all permanent effects of a one-time shock are negative. Under certain conditions, the destruction of man-made physical and natural capital may have general equilibrium effects that increase the incentives to invest in human capital and may even propel a formerly stagnating economy into a virtuous path of continuing growth. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4877
    Parallel Title: Jack, William Health investments and economic growth
    Keywords: Economic development Health aspects ; Health Social aspects ; Medical economics ; Economic development Health aspects ; Health Social aspects ; Medical economics
    Abstract: "This paper reviews the correlations and potential links between health and economic growth and summarizes the evidence on the role of government in improving health status. At the macroeconomic level, the evidence of an impact of health on growth remains ambiguous due both to difficulties in measuring health, and to the methodological challenges of identifying causal links. The evidence on the micro linkages from health investments to productivity and income are robust. Progress in life expectancy over the past two centuries has been spectacular, fueled by: improved agriculture that has increased food quantity; knowledge of disease transmission, and effective public health interventions that have controlled communicable diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and hookworm; and, most recently and importantly, investments in very young children that pay off in healthier and more productive adults. Whether public investments in medical care affect health hinges on the quality of health institutions. In much of the developing world, factors such as chronic absenteeism among public providers, poor budget execution, ineffective management, and virtually no accountability weaken public efforts. Institutional issues are central in efforts to enhance public health investments, which in turn have a direct impact on the population's welfare and, perhaps over the long term, improvements in national income. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4894
    Parallel Title: Fernandes, Ana Margarida Does tougher import competition foster product quality upgrading ?
    Keywords: Imports ; Quality of products ; Imports ; Quality of products
    Abstract: "Over the past two decades, globalization, and more specifically the increased exposure to competition from low-price producers in China and India, has created a new economic environment for other emerging economies. The most advantageous way for manufacturing firms in those economies to position themselves in domestic and international markets is to offer upgraded and differentiated rather than "mundane" labor-intensive products. This paper investigates whether increased competitive pressure from imports forces firms to improve the quality of their products. The econometric analysis relies on a rich dataset of Chilean manufacturing plants and their products. Product quality is measured with unit values (average prices) and industry-level transport costs are used as an exogenous measure of import competition. The authors find a positive and robust effect of import competition on product quality. This effect is found to be particularly strong for non-exporting plants. The results also show that increased import competition from less advanced economies is the major cause for the positive impact on quality upgrading. The overall evidence points to the benefits of trade openness for product innovation but demonstrates at the same time that competitive pressure alone will not enable local plants to catch up with leading world producers. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4896
    Parallel Title: Calderón, César Does higher openness cause more real exchange rate volatility ?
    Keywords: Foreign exchange rates ; Foreign exchange rates
    Abstract: "The "New Open Economy Macroeconomics" argues that: (a) non-monetary factors have gained importance in explaining exchange rate volatility, and (b) trade and financial openness may have a potential role of mitigating and/or amplifying real and nominal shocks to real exchange rates. The goal of the present paper is to examine the ability of trade and financial openness to exacerbate or mitigate real exchange rate volatility. The authors collected information on the real effective exchange rate, its fundamentals, and (outcome and policy measures of) trade and financial openness for a sample of industrial and developing countries for the period 1975-2005. Using instrumental variables techniques, the analysis finds that: (a) High real exchange rate volatility is the result of highly volatile productivity shocks, and sharp oscillations in monetary and fiscal policy shocks. (b) Countries more integrated with international markets of goods and services tend to display more stable real exchange rate fluctuations. (c) Financial openness seems to amplify the fluctuations in real exchange rates. (d) The composition of trade and capital flows plays a role in explaining the smoothing properties of trade and financial openness. Although the former is mainly driven by manufacturing trade, the latter depends on the share of debt (and equity) in total foreign liabilities. (e) Financial openness would attenuate (magnify) real exchange rate volatility, the greater the share of equity (debt) in foreign liabilities. (f) The composition of flows also matters for explaining the smoothing properties of trade and financial openness in periods of currency crisis. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4902
    Parallel Title: Braun, Matías Banking on politics
    Keywords: Bank directors ; Banking law ; Bank directors ; Banking law
    Abstract: "This paper presents new data from 150 countries showing that former cabinet members, central bank governors, and financial regulators are many orders of magnitude more likely than other citizens to become board members of banks. Countries where the politician-banker phenomenon is more prevalent have higher corruption and more powerful yet less accountable governments, but not better functioning financial systems. Regulation becomes more pro-banker where this happens more often. Furthermore, a higher fraction of the rents that are created accrue to bankers, former politicians are not more likely to be directors when their side is in power, and banks are more profitable without being more leveraged. Rather than supporting a public interest view, the evidence is consistent with a capture-type private interest story where, in exchange for a non-executive position at a bank in the future, politicians provide for beneficial regulation. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4906
    Parallel Title: Lin, Justin Yifu Development strategy, viability, and economic distortions in developing countries
    Keywords: Economics ; Government holding companies ; Economics ; Government holding companies
    Abstract: "This paper presents a three-sector static model to explore the rationale for a series of institutional distortions in developing countries. The authors argue that, after World War II, motivated by a belief in the development of state-of-the-art industries as a means for nation building, the majority of developing country governments attempted to accelerate the growth of advanced capital-intensive industries. However, since developing countries are relatively rich in labor or natural resource endowments but not in capital endowment, advanced capital-intensive industries were not adapted to the endowment structures of these developing countries at the time. Enterprises in those industries were non-viable in open, competitive markets and could not survive without government subsidization or protection. The model shows that, in order to mobilize resources into the capital-intensive, advanced sectors, it is necessary for governments to use distortionary policies such as taxes and subsidies, distortions of factor prices, directive allocation of resources, and nationalization of enterprises. Such distortions enable developing countries to set up advanced, capital-intensive industries in the early stage of their development. However, they also tend to suppress incentives, misallocate resources, and make the economy inefficient. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4907
    Parallel Title: Das Gupta, Monica How can donors help build global public goods in health ?
    Keywords: Medical assistance ; Medical assistance
    Abstract: "Aid to developing countries has largely neglected the population-wide health services that are core to communicable disease control in the developed world. These mostly non-clinical services generate "pure public goods" by reducing everyone's exposure to disease through measures such as implementing health and sanitary regulations. They complement the clinical preventive and treatment services which are the donors' main focus. Their neglect is manifested, for example, in a lack of coherent public health regulations in countries where donors have long been active, facilitating the spread of diseases such as avian flu. These services can be inexpensive, and dramatically reduce health inequalities. Sri Lanka spends less than 0.2% of GDP on its well-designed population-wide services, which contribute to the country's high levels of health equity and life expectancy despite low GDP per head and civil war. Evidence abounds on the negative externalities of weak population-wide health services. Global public health security cannot be assured without building strong national population-wide health systems to reduce the potential for communicable diseases to spread within and beyond their borders. Donors need greater clarity about what constitutes a strong public health system, and how to build them. The paper discusses gaps in donors' approaches and first steps toward closing them. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4910
    Parallel Title: Yamauchi, Futoshi Natural disasters, self-insurance and human capital investment
    Keywords: Human capital ; Natural disasters ; Human capital ; Natural disasters
    Abstract: "This paper examines the impacts of disasters on dynamic human capital production using panel data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Malawi. The empirical results show that the accumulation of biological human capital prior to disasters helps children maintain investments in the post-disaster period. Biological human capital formed in early childhood (long-term nutritional status) plays a role of insurance with resilience to disasters by protecting schooling investment and outcomes, although disasters have negative impacts on investment. In Bangladesh, children with more biological human capital are less affected by the adverse effects of floods, and the rate of investment increases with the initial human capital stock in the post-disaster recovery process. In Ethiopia and Malawi, where droughts are rather frequent, exposure to highly frequent droughts in some cases reduces schooling investment but the negative impacts are larger among children embodying less biological human capital. Asset holdings prior to the disasters, especially the household's stock of intellectual human capital, also helps maintain schooling investments at least to the same degree as the stock of human capital accumulated in children prior to the disasters. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4912
    Parallel Title: Yepes, Tito Making sense of Africa's infrastructure endowment
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The paper's objective is to explain factors underlying Africa's weak infrastructure endowment and to identify suitable infrastructure goals for the region based on benchmarking against international peers. The authors use a dataset covering the stocks of key infrastructure-including information and communication technology (ICT), power, roads, and water-across 155 developing countries over the period 1960 to 2005. The paper also examines subregional differences within Africa. They make use of regression techniques to control for a comprehensive set of economic, demographic, geographic, and historic conditioning factors, as well as adjusting for potential endogeneities. Results show that Africa lags behind all other regions of the developing world in its infrastructure endowment, except in ICT. By far the largest gaps arise in the power sector, with generating capacity and household access to electricity at half the levels observed in South Asia. While it is often assumed that Africa's infrastructure deficit is largely a reflection of its relatively low income levels, the authors find that African countries have much more limited infrastructure than income peers in other parts of the developing world. Countries that face the most challenging environment, with low population density, weak governance, and history of conflict, have the poorest infrastructure endowments. At the outset of the data series, Africa was doing significantly better than other developing regions for road density, generation capacity, and fixed-line telephones, but Africa's relative position has deteriorated over time. The most dramatic loss of ground has come in electrical generating capacity, which has stagnated since 1980. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4918
    Parallel Title: Grun, Rebekka E Exit and save
    Keywords: Saving and investment ; Saving and investment ; Colombia Emigration and immigration ; Colombia Emigration and immigration
    Abstract: "This paper examines how households trade off migration and savings when subject to exogenous violence. The authors propose that households under violence decide jointly on migration and saving, because a higher asset-stock is more difficult to carry to a new place. When confronted with exogenous violence, households are expected to consider migration, and reduce their assets, both in order to reduce their exposure to violence, and to make migration easier. In some cases, after a migration decision has been taken, savings can increase as a function of violence to ensure a minimum bundle to carry. Empirical evidence from rich Colombian micro-data supports the conceptual framework for violence that carries a displacement threat, such as guerrilla attacks. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4919
    Parallel Title: Bell, Clive AIDS and dualism
    Keywords: AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects
    Abstract: "An AIDS epidemic threatens Ethiopia with a long wave of premature adult mortality, and thus with an enduring setback to capital formation and economic growth. The authors develop a two-sector model with three overlapping generations and intersectorally mobile labor, in which young adults allocate resources under rational expectations. They calibrate the model to the demographic and economic data, and perform simulations for the period ending in 2100 under alternative assumptions about mortality with and without the epidemic. Although the epidemic does not bring about a catastrophic economic collapse, which is hardly possible in view of Ethiopia's poverty and high background adult mortality, it does cause a permanent, downward displacement of the path of output per head, amounting to 10 percent in 2100. An externally funded program to combat the disease is socially very profitable. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4923
    Parallel Title: Khandker, Shahidur R Poverty and income seasonality in Bangladesh
    Keywords: Income ; Poverty ; Income ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Seasonal poverty in Bangladesh, locally known as monga, refers to seasonal deprivation of food during the pre-harvest season of Aman rice. An analysis of household income and expenditure survey data shows that average household income and consumption are much lower during monga season than in other seasons, and that seasonal income greatly influences seasonal consumption. However, lack of income and consumption smoothing is more acute in greater Rangpur, the North West region, than in other regions, causing widespread seasonal deprivation. The analysis shows that agricultural income diversification accompanied by better access to micro-credit, irrigation, education, electrification, social safety net programs, and dynamic labor markets has helped reduce seasonality in income and poverty in regions other than Rangpur in the recent past. Hence, government policies should promote income diversification through infrastructure investments and provide income transfers to the targeted poor to contain income seasonality and poverty in this impoverished part of Bangladesh. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4927
    Parallel Title: Finger, J. M A special safeguard mechanism for agricultural imports and the management of reform
    Abstract: "The records of traditional safeguard provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization provides useful information about how a special agricultural safeguard might be made effective. The success of existing safeguard or flexibility provisions to sustain long-run liberalization programs stems from their requiring objective, transparent, and participatory decisions on the application of the import restrictions they allow. The proposed special agricultural safeguard expands by arithmetic formula the bounds within which a Member may impose a new import restriction. Analysis reported here suggests that the formulas provide a poor guide for policy, indicating that they would frequently prescribe action that is not needed and fail to prescribe action when it would be appropriate. Analysis of the existing agricultural safeguard, to which the special agricultural safeguard is similar, indicates that it has functioned not as an allowance for occasional response to unusual situations but as an expansion of the limits Members have accepted through tariff bindings. To be useful, the special agricultural safeguard should do more than provide formulas for import restrictions. It should provide for objective and participatory processes that would bring forward relevant information and guide an objective and balanced accounting of the interests at play. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4929
    Parallel Title: Keefer, Philip When do legislators pass on "pork"?
    Keywords: Economic development projects Finance ; India ; Economic development projects Finance ; India
    Abstract: "The authors examine a unique public spending program that is proliferating across developing countries, the constituency development fund, to investigate when legislators exert more effort on behalf of their constituents. Using data from India, they find that legislator effort is significantly lower in constituencies where voters are more attached to political parties. They are also lower in constituencies that are reserved for members of socially disadvantaged groups (lower castes), specifically in those reserved constituencies that are candidate strongholds. This result is robust to controls for alternate explanations and implies that legislators pass on pork when voters are more attached to political parties or influenced by identity issues. These findings have implications for the evaluation of constituency development funds. They also provide a new answer to a central issue in political economy, the conditions under which legislators seek to "bring home the pork" to constituents, that attaches great importance to the role of political parties. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4938
    Parallel Title: MacCracken, Michael C Beyond mitigation
    Keywords: Climatic changes Risk management ; Environmental geotechnology ; Greenhouse gases ; Climatic changes Risk management ; Environmental geotechnology ; Greenhouse gases
    Abstract: "Global climate change is occurring at an accelerating pace, and the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are forcing climate change continue to increase. Given the present pace of international actions, it seems unlikely that atmospheric composition can be stabilized at a level that will avoid "dangerous anthropogenic interference" with the climate system, as called for in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Complicating the situation, as GHG emissions are reduced, reductions in the offsetting cooling influence of sulfate aerosols will create an additional warming influence, making an early transition to climate stabilization difficult. With significant reductions in emissions (mitigation) likely to take decades, and with the impacts of projected climate change-even with proactive adaptation-likely to be quite severe over the coming decades, additional actions to offset global warming and other impacts have been proposed as important complementary measures. Although a number of possible geoengineering approaches have been proposed, each has costs and side effects that must be balanced against the expected benefits of reduced climate impacts. However, substantial new research is needed before comparison of the relative benefits and risks of intervening is possible. A first step in determining whether geoengineering is likely to be a useful option is the initiation of research on four interventions to limit the increasing serious impacts: limiting ocean acidification by increasing the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and upper ocean; limiting the increasing intensity of tropical cyclones; limiting the warming of the Arctic and associated sea level rise; and sustaining or enhancing the existing sulfate cooling influence. In addition, in depth consideration is needed regarding the governance structure for an international geoengineering decision-making framework in the event that geoengineering becomes essential. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4939
    Parallel Title: Foa, Roberto Social and governance dimensions of climate change
    Keywords: Climatic changes ; Natural disasters ; Climatic changes ; Natural disasters
    Abstract: "This paper addresses two vital concerns in the debate on adaptation to climate change. First, how can countries prepare to manage the impact of climate-change induced natural disasters? Second, how can countries ensure that they have the governmental institutions required to manage the phenomenal challenge of adaptation to climate change? A range of economic and institutional measures are tested for their potential effects on natural disaster resilience and the quality of environmental governance. The findings suggest an important role is played by social and political institutions in determining the ability of countries to adapt to climate change and respond to natural disasters, in particular in the degree to which countries have succeeded in gender empowerment and the development of a robust civil society and nonprofit sector. As the climate change challenge moves from that of "proving the facts" to that of "implementing change," the authors suggest that international policymakers, donors, and activists must increasingly focus on building domestic policy environments that are conducive to the delivery of more effective environmental legislation, for example through implementation of gender quotas and provision of support to civil society groups. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4942
    Parallel Title: Monga, Célestin Uncivil societies
    Keywords: Civil society ; Economic development ; Civil society ; Economic development
    Abstract: "In times of crises, it is always useful to revisit some of the paradigms that underlie collective thinking and action. For nearly 200 years, most social science has relied on the assumption that the emergence of strong and nurturing social capital through a vibrant civil society yields all kind of positive externalities to society. Following intuition and anecdotal observations from Alexis de Tocqueville, a large body of theoretical and empirical research has attempted to confirm that societies strive politically and economically when they are able to build strong non-state actors and community organizations. Many disciplines-mainly political science, economics, law, and international relations-have constructed influential analytical frameworks in support of that general proposition. This paper examines the philosophical foundations of conventional wisdom and observes that it often fails to take into account the dark side of some civil society groups, from the mafia to Al Qaeda. While acknowledging the potential contribution of civil society to the development process, the paper also cautions again the rush to circumvent the state, which sometimes sustains community-based initiatives in poor countries. It suggests the possibility of the production of negative social capital by non-state actors. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4934
    Parallel Title: De Mel, Suresh Innovative firms or innovative owners?
    Keywords: Small business ; Technological innovations ; Small business ; Technological innovations
    Abstract: "Innovation is key to technology adoption and creation, and to explaining the vast differences in productivity across and within countries. Despite the central role of the entrepreneur in the innovation process, data limitations have restricted standard analysis of the determinants of innovation to consideration of the role of firm characteristics. The authors develop a model of innovation that incorporates the role of both owner and firm characteristics, and use this to determine how product, process, marketing, and organizational innovations should vary with firm size and competition. They then use a new, large, representative survey from Sri Lanka to test this model and to examine whether and how owner characteristics matter for innovation. The survey also allows analysis of the incidence of innovation in micro and small firms, which have traditionally been overlooked in the study of innovation, despite these firms comprising the majority of firms in developing countries. The analysis finds that more than one-quarter of the microenterprises are engaging in innovation, with marketing innovations the most common. As predicted by the model, firm size has a stronger positive effect, and competition a stronger negative effect, on process and organizational innovations than on product innovations. Owner ability, personality traits, and ethnicity have a significant and substantial impact on the likelihood of a firm innovating, confirming the importance of the entrepreneur in the innovation process. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4935
    Parallel Title: Demirgüç-Kunt, Aslı Entrepreneurship in post-conflict transition
    Keywords: Entrepreneurship ; Self-employed ; Entrepreneurship ; Self-employed
    Abstract: "The authors examine the factors affecting the transition to self-employment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, using the World Bank Living Standard Measurement Survey panel household survey for the years 2001-2004. In the beginning of the sample, the country changed its legal framework, with the primary aim to promote labor market flexibility and to encourage entrepreneurial activity. The analysis identifies individuals that switched to self-employment (employers and own account) during the sample period and the viability of this transition, in terms of business survival for more than one year. The results suggest an important role for financing constraints. Specifically, wealthier households are more likely to become entrepreneurs and survive in self-employment. After controlling for household wealth, having an existing bank relationship increases the likelihood of starting a business with hired employees and increases the chances of survival for the new entrepreneur. By contrast, overseas - and in some cases domestic - remittances decrease the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 0821379003 , 9780821379004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 98 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 162
    DDC: 362.1094
    Keywords: Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Consumer Satisfaction ; Data Collection ; Health Services ; Quality of Life ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: Key factors affecting satisfaction with life in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet UnionEmployment, sources of income, and the poor in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union -- Satisfaction with publicly-provided health services in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821377825 , 0821377833 , 9780821377826 , 9780821377833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 171 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Health, nutrition, and population series
    DDC: 362.109597
    Keywords: Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care Finance ; Medical policy ; Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care Finance ; Medical policy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Costs ; Health Care Reform ; Health Expenditures ; Health Policy ; Insurance, Health ; Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Costs ; Health Care Reform ; Health Expenditures ; Health Policy ; Insurance, Health
    Description / Table of Contents: Vietnam's health system since DOI MOIRecent trends in Vietnam's health sector performance -- Health insurance -- Reforming health insurance -- Service delivery -- Reforming service delivery -- Decentralization and government stewardship.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-164) and index
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  • 72
    ISBN: 0821375407 , 0821375415 , 9780821375402 , 9780821375419
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiv, 251 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Development practice in education
    DDC: 372.12/06
    Keywords: Education and state Case studies ; Education, Elementary Case studies Costs ; School enrollment Case studies ; Education and state Case studies ; Education, Elementary Case studies Costs ; School enrollment Case studies ; Education and state ; Education, Elementary ; School enrollment
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (434 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: Looking for accurate, up-to-date data on development issues? 'World Development Indicators' is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. This indispensable statistical reference allows you to consult over 900 indicators for some 150 economies and 14 country groups in more than 80 tables. It provides a current overview of the most recent data available as well as important regional data and income group analysis in six thematic sections: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. World Development Indicators 2009 presents the most current and accurate development data on both a national level and aggregated globally. It allows you to monitor the progress made toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations. These goals, which focus on development and the elimination of poverty, serve as the agenda for international development efforts
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  • 74
    ISBN: 0821379194 , 0821379232 , 9780821379196 , 9780821379233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvii, 163 p) , ill., col. map , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 163
    DDC: 332/.042
    Keywords: Foreign workers Legal status, laws, etc ; Foreign workers, Haitian ; Foreign workers, Jamaican ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Foreign workers Legal status, laws, etc ; Foreign workers, Haitian ; Foreign workers, Jamaican ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378533
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on External Debt provides a quick reference for users interested in external debt stocks and flows, major economic aggregates, key debt ratios, and the currency composition of long-term debt for all countries reporting through the Debtor Reporting system. A pocket edition of the Global Development Finance 2009, Volume II: Summary and Country Tables, it contains statistical tables for 135 countries as well as summary tables for regional and income groups
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 is one of a series of pocket-sized books intended to provide a quick reference to development data on different topics. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 provides data for more than 20 key indicators on business environment and private sector development in a single page for each of the World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. These more than 200 country pages are supplemented by aggregate data for regional and income groupings
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821379820 , 9780821379837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 248 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.1/04257
    Keywords: Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; Rural Health Services ; Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; Rural Health Services
    Description / Table of Contents: China's health challenges at the start of the new millenniumThe rural health reforms of the 2000s -- Looking toward a new decade : the big picture -- Financing rural insurance coverage -- Improving service delivery : a question of incentives -- Enhancing accountability and incentives in public health -- The longer-term reform agenda.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-238) and index
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9780821379585 , 9780821379592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 127 p) , ill. (some col.) , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.910962
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Egypt ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981- ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981-
    Note: "Written by Ismail Arslan, with contributions by consultants Ataman Aksoy ... [et al.]"--P. vii , At head of title: IEG World Bank, IFC, MIGA , Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-127)
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378406 , 0821378422 , 9780821378403 , 9780821378427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v. 〈1〉) , ill., tables , 28 cm
    Edition: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 336.3/435/091724
    Keywords: Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External ; Finance ; International finance ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Statistics ; Investments, Foreign
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1: Review, analysis, and outlookv. 2: Summary and country tables.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379992 , 082138001X , 9780821379998 , 9780821380017
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxii, 150 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    Keywords: Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Sierra Leone ; Sierra Leone Politics and government 1961- ; Sierra Leone Politics and government 1961-
    Abstract: This publication addresses the question of whether political, fiscal, and administrative decentralization improves government effectiveness and the debate on whether it is a viable and desirable state-building strategy for post-conflict countries. The publication is a collection of eight papers written by authors who were closely involved in the decentralization reform process in Sierra Leone from 2003-07. During this period, Sierra Leone's government established elected district and urban councils across the country, transferred certain responsibilities for primary services and local investment and some financial resources to the new councils, and invested heavily in building the administrative infrastructure and capacity of the local councils. Compared to most other Sub-Saharan African countries that have embarked upon decentralization, Sierra Leone's progress in building local government capacity and restructuring the fiscal system is enviable. The authors conclude that improved security and public services are possible in a decentralizing country and Sierra Leone's progress would not have been possible without significant effort at fiscal decentralization and intensive investment in local government capacity building. The most critical ingredient for this reform process is the leadership team in charge of promoting the new institutional framework and their persistent effort to achieve quick improvement in the local government system and public services.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Yongmei ZhouEstablishing the legislative, political and administrative framework for local government and decentralization in Sierra Leone / Emmanuel Gaima -- Fiscal decentralization : building the financial capacity of local governments / Adams Sanpha Kargbo -- Administrative decentralization : building the non-financial capacity of local governments / Alhassan Kanu -- Decentralization in practice / Katherine Whiteside Casey -- Impact of decentralization on public services : evidence to date / Elizabeth Foster and Rachel Glennester -- Civic engagement in local governance / Yongmei Zhou and Ye Zhang -- Landscape of local authority in Sierra Leone : how traditional and modern justice and governance systems interact / Ryann Elizabeth Manning -- Reflections and conclusions on positives and problems resulting from devolution to date / Emmanuel Gaima.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379348 , 0821379550 , 9780821379349 , 9780821379554
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 282 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.1209172/4
    Keywords: International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade ; Labor ; Labor market ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview: the promises and perils of globalization / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.]A review of the globailization literature: implications for employment, wages, and labor standards / Drusilla Brown -- Globalization and working conditions : a framework for county studies / Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Cambodia / Samsen Neak and Raymond Robertson -- The effect of globalization on working conditions: El Salvador, 1995-2005 -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Honduras / Douglas Marcouiller and Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions: evidence from Indonesia / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.] -- Export processing zones in Madagascar: the impact of the dismantling of clothing quotas on employment and labor standards / Jean-Pierre Cling, Mireille Razafindrakoto, and François Roubaud.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 82
    ISBN: 0821380176 , 0821380192 , 9780821380178 , 9780821380192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xlix, 311 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 337.1/729
    Keywords: Free trade ; Free trade ; Free trade ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy
    Abstract: The main objective of this report is to help policymakers in the Caribbean design an agenda of policy actions to accelerate trade integration and growth, and to reduce poverty. Each part of the report focuses on a key question and provides an in-depth analysis of the issues raised, laying the foundations for policy recommendations described in the last chapter of the report. Part I asks whether the Caribbean's economic and trade system are sound enough to sustain the new era of its global trade relations. Part II addresses the opportunities and challenges that the new trade environment offers to the Caribbean. Part III assesses the impact of the recently-negotiated Economic Partnership Agreement on growth and poverty reduction using two types of macroeconomic models. The report concludes with policy priorities for accelerating Caribbean integration into the world economy and for reaping the benefits of global competition.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. Overview of economic and trade system context. Macroeconomic and structural constraints on trade reform in the CaribbeanCaribbean regional and global trading relations -- Trade patterns and flows, and competitiveness issues -- pt. 2. Challenges and new opportunities. New areas of opportunities and challenges -- Capitalizing on a changing international environment -- pt. 3. Quantifying the impact of trade reform on growth, job creation, and poverty. Quantifying the gains from global trade integration : a dynamic macroeconomic analysis -- From diagnosis to policy recommendations.
    Note: "Document of the World Bank and the Organization of American States, co-produced with the Governments of CARIFORUM Countries , Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-311)
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380516 , 0821380524 , 9780821380512 , 9780821380529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 88 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available online
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 362.5/820982
    Keywords: Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Argentina ; Argentina ; Argentina Economic policy ; Argentina Social policy ; Argentina Economic policy ; Argentina Social policy
    Abstract: Argentina approaches its bicentennial as an independent republic and has a window of opportunity in social protection policy. Following the most serious economic crisis in its history during 2001-02, the country mobilized an effort to provide income support to the population in need. Now, as growth has returned and social indicators have recovered to pre-crisis levels, there is an opening to move from emergency income support programs to a more comprehensive, long-term, and sustainable strategy for social protection. The emergency response was effective, as it helped the country to overcome the worst of the crisis. The centerpiece of the strategy, plan Jefes y Jefas, provided benefits to nearly two million households during a period when poverty affected more than half the population and unemployment reached record levels. The number of beneficiaries slowly declined beginning in 2003, and was at nearly one-third of its maximum value by early 2008. This reduction was achieved by the reentry of beneficiaries into the formal labor market, the loss of eligibility, and the shift of beneficiaries to familias and seguro de capacitacion y empleo (Seguro), the successor programs to Jefes. Now that the crisis has passed, the policy debate has shifted toward the future of social protection over the longer term. The improvement in overall economic conditions since 2003 has resulted in a decline in unemployment, poverty, and inequality, and a recovery of formal employment and real salaries to pre-crisis levels. These positive trends have generated opportunities to consider longer-term and structural issues, including a debate over the future of whether this new type of noncontributory social policies, based on income transfers to households and individuals, should continue.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Income transfer programs and social protectionIncome support policies in Argentina : origins and development -- Opinions and preferences toward income support -- Income support and the role of the provinces -- Policy options and future challenges -- Reflections, challenges, and policy considerations.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 082138077X , 9780821380772
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxx, 100 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 363.8/56
    Keywords: Malnutrition ; Nutrition policy ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition policy ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Health Resources economics ; Malnutrition economics ; Malnutrition prevention & control ; Nutrition Policy economics ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition policy ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Health Resources ; Malnutrition ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition Policy
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction : why scale up?Methodology : estimating the costs -- What will it cost and what are the potential benefits? -- Phasing the scale-up.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-92) and index
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821381571 , 9780821381588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 200 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 307.1/2160981
    Keywords: Regional economics ; Regional planning ; Urban economics ; Regional economics ; Regional planning ; Urban economics ; Regional economics ; Regional planning ; Urban economics ; Brazil ; Brazil ; Brazil Economic policy 2003- ; Brazil Economic policy 2003-
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-190) and index
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  • 86
    ISBN: 0821378503 , 9780821378502
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxix, 127 p) , ill. (some col.), map , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Energy policy Environmental aspects ; Environmental policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Energy policy Environmental aspects ; Environmental policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; World Bank ; Climatic changes ; Climatic changes ; Economic development ; Energy policy ; Environmental policy ; Economic aspects ; Government policy ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation
    Note: "Kenneth Chomitz was the evaluation manager and main author for this study"--P. xiii , At head of title: IEG World Bank , Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-127)
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  • 87
    ISBN: 0821377205 , 0821377213 , 9780821377208 , 9780821377215
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 257 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa human development series
    DDC: 372.16096
    Keywords: Community organization ; Education Parent participation ; Education, Primary Aims and objectives ; Rural development projects ; School buildings Design and construction ; Community organization ; Education Parent participation ; Education, Primary Aims and objectives ; Rural development projects ; School buildings Design and construction ; Community organization ; Education ; Education, Primary ; Rural development projects ; School buildings
    Note: "Education For All Fast Track Initiative , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4806
    Parallel Title: Byrd, William A Public finance, security, and development
    Keywords: Economic development ; Finance, Public ; Internal security ; Economic development ; Finance, Public ; Internal security
    Abstract: "Security is increasingly viewed as a key condition for economic growth and development. The authors argue that the work and impact of all development partners would be enhanced if the multiple linkages between public finance, security, and development were explicitly taken into account. At the extreme, in some cases better public finance management could have more impact on security than would more troops. The paper first outlines three core linkages between security and development-through the investment climate, human and social capital, and institutions. The authors then propose three complementary tools to analyze the security sector from the point of view of public finance management, service delivery, and governance. This conceptual framework is applied to the case of Afghanistan. The paper closes by drawing some conclusions about possible entry points for dialogue in this difficult area. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4809
    Parallel Title: Urdapilleta, Eduardo Banking in Brazil
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Banks and banking
    Abstract: " The objective of this paper is to analyze the industry structure of banking services in Brazil in order to shed light on financial performance and its drivers at a disaggregated level. The study illustrates how differences across market segments - which tend to be averaged out in aggregate analysis - need to be taken into account when analyzing performance and designing public policy for the banking sector. In particular, retail banking is found to be less sensitive to price competition and to exhibit considerably higher returns than corporate banking. The authors identify and discuss the factors underlying revenues, costs, and risks in each market segment, and conclude with policy implications. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4810
    Parallel Title: Münich, Daniel Unemployment and worker-firm matching
    Keywords: Unemployment ; Unemployment ; Unemployment ; Unemployment
    Abstract: "The paper tests three hypotheses about the causes of unemployment in the Central-East European transition economies and in a benchmark market economy (Western part of Germany). The first hypothesis (H1) is that unemployment is caused by inefficient matching. Hypothesis 2 (H2) is that unemployment is caused by low demand. Hypothesis 3 (H3) is that restructuring is at work. Our estimates suggest that the west and east German parts of Germany, Czech Republic and Slovakia are consistent with H2 and H3. Hungary provides limited support to all three hypotheses. Poland is consistent with H1. The economies in question hence contain one broad group of countries and one or two special cases. The group comprises the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovak Republic and (possibly) East Germany. These countries resemble West Germany in that they display increasing returns to scale in matching and unemployment appears to be driven by restructuring and low demand. The East German case is complex because of its major active labor market policies and a negative trend in efficiency in matching. In some sense, East Germany resembles more Poland, which in addition to restructuring and low demand for labor appears to suffer from a structural mismatch reflected in relatively low returns to scale in matching. Finally, our data provide evidence that goes counter to one of the main predictions of the theories of transition, namely that the turnover (inflow) rate in the transition countries would rise dramatically at the start of the transition, be temporarily very high and gradually decline and approach the level observed in otherwise similar market economies such as West Germany. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4813
    Parallel Title: Lokshin, Michael Month of birth and children's health in India
    Keywords: Childbirth ; Children Health and hygiene ; Childbirth ; Children Health and hygiene
    Abstract: "The authors use data from three waves of the India National Family Health Survey to explore the relationship between the month of birth and the health outcomes of young children in India. They find that children born during the monsoon months have lower anthropometric scores compared with children born during the fall and winter months. The authors propose and test four hypotheses that could explain such a correlation. The results emphasize the importance of seasonal variations in affecting environmental conditions at the time of birth and determining the health outcomes of young children in India. Policy interventions that affect these conditions could effectively impact the health and achievement of these children, in a manner similar to nutrition and micronutrient supplementation programs. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4815
    Parallel Title: Zaidi, Salman Main drivers of income inequality in Central European and Baltic countries
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "Present levels of income inequality in Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia remain considerably higher than their pre-transition levels, although the relative pace of change over time has varied quite a bit across countries. Using data from the 2006 European Union Survey of Income and Living Conditions, this paper finds that prevailing levels of income inequality in these countries continue to be low by international standards, and that this is in large part due to the very high redistributive impact of direct taxes and public transfers. In addition to the instrumental role of tax and transfer policies in redistributing income, the paper highlights the important role played by differences in education levels and labor market participation rates in explaining observed inequalities across people and across different regions (although not in explaining observed differences across countries). The paper includes an analysis of key factors that help explain observed variation across countries in the level of public support for redistribution, including peoples' economic background and relative success in life, whether they perceive poverty to be associated with factors within or outside the control of those it afflicts (for example, laziness/lack of willpower vs. injustice in society). "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4817
    Parallel Title: Iarossi, Giuseppe The investment climate in 16 Indian states
    Keywords: Investments States ; Investments States
    Abstract: "In this paper, the author attempts to identify the characteristics of the business climate in India that can help explain the different performance of individual states in terms of investment and growth. The paper develops a new Investment Climate Index aimed at summarizing the aspects of the business environment that entrepreneurs consider when deciding whether to invest. Using this index, the author explores the investment climate in several typologies of Indian states and identify the key features of a poor business environment in India. The analysis shows that infrastructure and institutions remain the main bottlenecks in the country's private sector development. More specifically, power, transportation, corruption, tax regulations, and theft are major factors explaining the poor business environment in some Indian states. Infrastructure appears to be the single most important constraint, as it is particularly binding in states that show low levels of domestic investment and GDP growth. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4819
    Parallel Title: Mitra, Pradeep Convergence in institutions and market outcomes
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics
    Abstract: "This paper uses firm-level data from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys to study the process of convergence of transition countries with developed market economies. The study focuses on competition and market structure, finance and the structure of lending to firms, and how firms respond to the economic environment by restructuring. The authors find substantial evidence of convergence in a number of dimensions. The pattern of growth at the country, sector, and firm levels shows rapid growth of the new private sector and of the micro and small-firm sectors, with the size distribution of firms moving toward the pattern observed in the surveys of developed market economies. In finance, increasing reliance on retained earnings in transition countries reflects a maturation of the sector as new firms come to rely less on informal and family sources of finance. The authors find evidence of an inverse-U pattern, with the peak of restructuring activity taking place in 2002, the middle of the period analyzed. Throughout, the regional patterns suggest greater convergence in the transition countries that joined the European Union in 2004 than in the other, lower-income transition economies. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4825
    Parallel Title: Obermaier, Andreas J Cross-border purchases of health services
    Keywords: Medical care ; Medical care ; Medical care ; Medical care
    Abstract: "This paper explores the structure of cross-border health purchasing between Austria and Hungary and determines the size of this phenomenon as well as the barriers to a further increase. Austrian patients may receive health care treatment in Hungary in three different ways. First, patients may receive benefits in the context of the European Community Regulations 1408/71 and 574/72 (Category I patients). Second, outside those regulatory structures, Austrian patients travel to Hungary to receive medical treatment, especially dental treatment, and then seek reimbursement from their Austrian insurance (Category II patients). Third, some patients receive medical treatment in Hungary outside both schemes (Category III patients). There are about 42,500 Category I patients per year; and 58,000 Category II patients world-wide per year. An unknown but supposedly greater number of patients travel to Hungary to receive mainly dental treatment and cosmetic surgery (Category III). Most health actors in both Austria and Hungary do not regard cross-border purchasing of health services as having cost-saving effects. They put forward major legal, institutional, political, and psychological barriers, which inhibit public and private Austrian providers, to facilitate trade in health care and which inhibit individual patients to realize cost savings through capitalizing on lower health care prices in Hungary. Therefore, for the time being, trade in health care and patient mobility between Austria and Hungary is a circumscribed phenomenon in terms of quantities, and it will most probably remain so in the near future. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4855
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Bidders' entry and auctioneer's rejection
    Abstract: "Limited competition has been a serious concern in infrastructure procurement. Importantly, however, there are normally a number of potential bidders initially showing interest in proposed projects. This paper focuses on tackling the question why these initially interested bidders fade out. An empirical problem is that no bids of fading-out firms are observable. They could decide not to enter the process at the beginning of the tendering or may be technically disqualified at any point in the selection process. This paper applies the double selection model to procurement data from road development projects in developing countries and examines why competition ends up restricted. It shows that bidders are self-selective and auctioneers also tend to limit participation depending on the size of contracts. Therefore, limited competition would likely lead to high infrastructure procurement costs. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/5/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4859
    Parallel Title: Khandker, Shahidur R Welfare impacts of rural electrification
    Keywords: Income ; Rural electrification ; Income ; Rural electrification
    Abstract: "Lack of access to electricity is one of the major impediments to growth and development of the rural economies in developing countries. That is why access to modern energy, in particular to electricity, has been one of the priority themes of the World Bank and other development organizations. Using a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2005 of some 20,000 households in rural Bangladesh, this paper studies the welfare impacts of households' grid connectivity. Based on rigorous econometric estimation techniques, this study finds that grid electrification has significant positive impacts on households' income, expenditure, and educational outcomes. For example, the gain in total income due to electrification can be as much as 30 percent and as low as 9 percent. Benefits go up steadily as household exposure to grid electrification (measured by duration) increases and eventually reach a plateau. This paper also finds that rich households benefit more from electrification than poor households. Finally, estimates also show that income benefits of electrification on an average exceed cost by a wide margin. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4858
    Parallel Title: Lanjouw, Peter Poverty decline, agricultural wages, and non-farm employment in rural India
    Keywords: Agricultural laborers ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Poverty ; Rural poor ; Agricultural laborers ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Poverty ; Rural poor
    Abstract: "The authors analyze five rounds of National Sample Survey data covering 1983, 1987/8, 1993/4, 1999/0, and 2004/5 to explore the relationship between rural diversification and poverty. Poverty in rural India declined at a modest rate during this period. The authors provide region-level estimates that illustrate considerable geographic heterogeneity in this progress. Poverty estimates correlate well with region-level data on changes in agricultural wage rates. Agricultural labor remains the preserve of the uneducated and also to a large extent of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Although agricultural labor grew as a share of total economic activity over the first four rounds, it had fallen back to the levels observed at the beginning of the survey period by 2004. This all-India trajectory masks widely varying trends across states. During this period, the rural non-farm sector grew modestly, mainly between the last two survey rounds. Regular non-farm employment remains largely associated with education levels and social status that are rare among the poor. However, casual labor and self-employment in the non-farm sector reveal greater involvement by disadvantaged groups in 2004 than in the preceding rounds. The implication for poverty is not immediately clear - the poor may be pushed into low-return casual non-farm activities due to lack of opportunities in the agricultural sector rather than being pulled by high returns offered by the non-farm sector. Econometric estimates reveal that expansion of the non-farm sector is associated with falling poverty via two routes: a direct impact on poverty that is likely due to a pro-poor marginal incidence of non-farm employment expansion; and an indirect impact attributable to the positive effect of non-farm employment growth on agricultural wages. The analysis also confirms the important contribution to rural poverty reduction from agricultural productivity, availability of land, and consumption levels in proximate urban areas. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4862
    Parallel Title: Crespo-Cuaresma, Jesús Natural disasters and human capital accumulation
    Keywords: Education, Secondary ; Natural disasters ; Education, Secondary ; Natural disasters
    Abstract: "The author assesses empirically the relationship between natural disaster risk and investment in education. Although the results in the empirical literature tend to be inconclusive, using model averaging methods in the framework of cross-country and panel regressions, this paper finds an extremely robust negative partial correlation between secondary school enrollment and natural disaster risk. This result is exclusively driven by geological disasters. Natural disaster risk exposure is a robust determinant of differences in secondary school enrollment between countries, but not within countries, which implies that the effect can be interpreted as a long-run phenomenon. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4865
    Parallel Title: Lloyd, P. J Global distortions to agricultural markets
    Keywords: Agricultural prices ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural prices ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and state
    Abstract: "Despite recent reforms, world agricultural markets remain highly distorted by government policies. Traditional indicators of those price distortions can be poor guides to the policies' economic effects. Recent theoretical literature provides indicators of trade and welfare-reducing effects of price and trade policies which this paper builds on to develop more-satisfactory indexes. The authors exploit a new Agricultural Distortion database to generate estimates of them for developing and high-income countries over the past half century. These better approximations of the trade and welfare effects of sector policies are generated without a formal model of global markets or even price elasticity estimates. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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