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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1.725)
  • BVB  (9)
  • 2005-2009  (1.729)
  • World Bank  (1.103)
  • Safari, an O’Reilly Media Company.  (626)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 082137754X , 0821377558 , 9780821377543 , 9780821377550
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (104 pages) , color illustrations , 27 cm
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 332.1/75086942096
    Schlagwort(e): Banks and banking ; Financial services industry ; Microfinance
    Kurzfassung: Overview -- Banking the poor -- Starting to bank -- Adding customer services -- Building branchless banking -- Promoting access to banking -- Extending credit to entrepreneurs -- Increasing disclosure -- Data sources and methodology.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-76)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821376683 , 9780821376683
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 145 pages) , illustrations , 26 cm
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 337.611
    Schlagwort(e): Economic forecasting ; Tunisia Economic policy
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-145)
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  • 3
    ISBN: 0821378201 , 9780821378205
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 139 pages) , illustrations , 25 cm
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Developpement humain en Afrique
    Serie: Document de travail de la banque mondiale no. 157
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Education and state ; Education ; Educational planning
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-139)
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Glasgow : Collins | Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821376039 , 9780821376034
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 atlas (144 pages)) , col. illustrations, color maps , 25 cm
    Ausgabe: 2nd ed
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 338.9/0022/3
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development Statistics ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Statistics ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps
    Kurzfassung: Classification of economies -- Rich and poor -- People -- Education -- Health -- Economy -- Environment -- Statistics.
    Anmerkung: "... International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank; design HarperCollins Publishers"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 082137799X , 9780821377994
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 180 pages) , illustrations , 27 cm
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Economic forecasting ; Economic forecasting ; Economic history 1990- ; International economic relations ; Developing countries Economic conditions
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821376454 , 9780821378250
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxiii, 160 pages) , illustrations, maps , 27 cm
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Water resources development ; Water-supply
    Kurzfassung: Introduction -- Water scarcity in China : current situation -- Water resources management in China : an overview of determinant variables -- Improving water governance -- Deepening water rights administration and developing water markets -- Improving efficiency and equity in water pricing -- Protecting ecosystems in river basins through market-oriented eco-compensation instruments -- Controlling water pollution -- Preventing water pollution disasters -- Summary, action plan and issues for the future.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-152) and index
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : Banque mondiale
    ISBN: 9780821379288 , 9780821379301
    Sprache: Französisch , Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xciii, 234 pages) , illustrations , 26 cm
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Document de travail de la Banque mondiale no. 165
    Serie: Le developpement humain en Afrique
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Education and state ; Education
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : TSO | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9780113310609
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (166 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st edition
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic books ; local
    Kurzfassung: This publication has been designed to be a role specific handbook for senior managers and project board members, which describes how to oversee projects, The guide sets PRINCE2 in the wider context of project management (but still non-specific for industry sector) and describes or cross-references techniques which support the PRINCE2 method. being managed using PRINCE2.
    Anmerkung: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 16, 2009) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxix, 188 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: Online edition s.l.
    Serie: Latin American development forum series
    Serie: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 305.23109729
    Schlagwort(e): Child development / Caribbean Area ; Child development / Latin America ; Child welfare / Caribbean Area ; Child welfare / Latin America ; Children / Caribbean Area / Social conditions ; Children / Latin America / Social conditions
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-173) and index
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    ISBN: 0821377159 , 0821377175 , 9780821377154 , 9780821377178
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 98 pages) , illustrations , 23 cm
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Trends and policy options no. 6
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 333.793/2
    Schlagwort(e): Electric utilities Management ; Public utilities Management ; Evaluation ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Water utilities Management
    Anmerkung: "Helping to eliminate poverty through private involvement in infrastructure." , Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91) and index
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington DC : World Bank | Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0821377450 , 0821377469 , 0821377477 , 9780821377451 , 9780821377468 , 9780821377475
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 195 pages) , illustrations , 23 cm
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Latin American development forum series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 330.98
    Schlagwort(e): Children Government policy ; Children Government policy ; Equality ; Equality ; Caribbean Area Economic conditions 1945- ; Caribbean Area Social conditions 1945- ; Latin America Economic conditions 1982- ; Latin America Social conditions 1982-
    Kurzfassung: Inequality of opportunity : what it is, how it can be measured, and why it matters -- A human opportunity index for children -- Uses and policy applications of the human opportunity index -- Inequality of economic opportunity in seven Latin American countries -- Inequality of opportunity in educational achievement in five Latin American countries.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This note focuses on the deposit insurance scheme. An analysis of the Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA) is provided to the extent that it is relevant to the management of the deposit insurance scheme and no detail analysis of the other functions performed by the DIA, e.g. bank resolution, is included. Policy recommendations on the bank resolution are included in the Aide Memoire. DIA revenue sources are volatile and Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) related revenues are used to subsidize non-DIF related activities. The legal framework is ambiguous as to whether DIF resources can be used to cover running costs of the DIA. To improve transparency and ensure sustainability of the DIF, the legal framework should be amended to clarify the use of DIF resources and cap use for operating costs. The authorities should develop a medium term strategy for the DIA, including a funding strategy for non-DIF related activities
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : Banque Mondiale
    ISBN: 0821380117 , 9780821380116 , 9780821380154
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 125 pages) , illustrations , 26 cm
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Document de travail de la Banque mondiale no. 171
    Serie: Le developpement humain en Afrique
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Medical care Finance ; Medical economics ; Public health Finance
    Anmerkung: "Ce rapport a ete prepare par une equipe du Ministere de la Sante Publique et de Lutte contre le Sida du Burundi et par une equipe de la Banque mondiale"--P. vii , Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-125) , Foreword in French and English
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank | [Tunisia] : Infrastructure Consortium for Africa | [Washington, D.C.] : Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
    ISBN: 0821377302 , 0821377310 , 9780821377307 , 9780821377314
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 111 pages) , color illustrations , 23 cm
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 658.15/224
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments, Foreign ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104) and index
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4804
    Schlagwort(e): Banks and banking ; Privatization ; Banks and banking ; Privatization
    Kurzfassung: "Profitability improvements after the privatization of a large state-owned bank might come at the expense of reduced access to financial services for some groups, especially the rural poor. The privatization of Tanzania's National Bank of Commerce provides a unique episode for studying this issue. The bank was split into the "new" National Bank of Commerce, a commercial bank that assumed most of the original bank's assets and liabilities, and the National Microfinance Bank, which assumed most of the branch network and the mandate to foster access to financial services. The new National Bank of Commerce's profitability and portfolio quality improved although credit growth was slow, in line with privatization experiences in other developing countries. Finding a buyer for the National Microfinance Bank proved very difficult, although after years under contract management by private banking consultants, Rabobank of the Netherlands emerged as a purchaser. Profitability has since improved and lending has slowly grown, while the share of non-performing loans remains low. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4803
    Paralleltitel: Skoufias, Emmanuel Sources of welfare disparities across and within regions of Brazil
    Schlagwort(e): Household surveys ; Income distribution Regional disparities ; Poverty Regional disparities ; Household surveys ; Income distribution Regional disparities ; Poverty Regional disparities
    Kurzfassung: "Brazil's inequalities in welfare and poverty across and within regions can be accounted for by differences in household attributes and returns to those attributes. This paper uses Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions at the mean as well as at different quantiles of welfare distributions on regionally representative household survey data (2002-03 Household Budget Survey). The analysis finds that household attributes account for most of the welfare differences between urban and rural areas within regions. However, comparing the lagging Northeast region with the leading Southeast region, differences in returns to attributes account for a large part of the welfare disparities, in particular in metropolitan areas, supporting the presence of agglomeration effects in booming areas. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4799
    Schlagwort(e): Capitalism ; Capitalism ; China Economic conditions 2000- ; China Foreign economic relations ; China Economic conditions 2000- ; China Foreign economic relations
    Kurzfassung: "The process of development is full of uncertainties, especially if it is a process of transition from a planned economy to a market oriented one. Because of uncertainties and country specificity, development must be a process of learning, selective adaptation, and industrial upgrading. This paper attempts to distill lessons from China's reform and opening up process, and investigate the underlying reasons behind China's success in trade expansion and economic growth. From its beginnings with home-grown and second-best institutions, China has embarked on a long journey of reform, experimentation, and learning by doing. It is moving from a comparative advantage-defying strategy to a comparative advantage-following strategy. The country is catching up quickly through augmenting its factor endowments and upgrading industries; but this has been only partially successful. Although China is facing several difficult challenges - including rising inequality, an industrial structure that is overly capital and energy intensive, and related environmental degradation - it is better positioned to tackle them now than it was 30 years ago. This paper reviews the drivers behind China's learning and trade integration and provides both positive and negative lessons for developing countries with diverse natural endowments, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821377531 , 0821379399 , 9780821377536 , 9780821379394
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxii, 142 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Directions in development. Countries and regions
    DDC: 338/.0640951
    Schlagwort(e): Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Technology transfer ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Technology transfer ; Technological innovations ; Technology transfer
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-134) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9780821379585 , 9780821379592
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 127 p) , ill. (some col.) , 28 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.910962
    Schlagwort(e): World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Egypt ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981- ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981-
    Anmerkung: "Written by Ismail Arslan, with contributions by consultants Ataman Aksoy ... [et al.]"--P. vii , At head of title: IEG World Bank, IFC, MIGA , Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-127)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378564
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (232 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Development Indicators
    Kurzfassung: The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 is one of a series of pocket-sized books intended to provide a quick reference to development data on different topics. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 provides data for more than 20 key indicators on business environment and private sector development in a single page for each of the World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. These more than 200 country pages are supplemented by aggregate data for regional and income groupings
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378519
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (232 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Development Indicators
    Kurzfassung: This pocket-sized reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries includes key indicators on agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The volume helps establish a sound base of information to help set priorities and measure progress toward environmental sustainability goals
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378007 , 9780821378007
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 244 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 362.196/979200954
    Schlagwort(e): AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; Demography Statistics ; Developing Countries Statistics ; Financing, Government statistics & numerical data ; HIV Infections Statistics economics ; HIV Infections epidemiology ; AIDS (Disease) ; Demography ; Developing Countries ; Financing, Government ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Dynamics of the HIV epidemic in South Asia / David Wilson and Mariam ClaesonResponding to HIV in Afghanistan / Jed Friedman and Edit V. Velenyi -- Development impact of HIV and AIDS in South Asia / Markus Haacker -- Economic cost of HIV and AIDS in India / Sanghamitra Das, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay, and Tridip Ray -- The fiscal burden of AIDS treatment on South Asian health care systems / Mead Over -- Recurrent costs of India's free ART program / Indrani Gupta, Mayur Trivedi, and Subodh Kandamuthan.
    Anmerkung: Errata slip inserted , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821381571 , 9780821381588
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xv, 200 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 307.1/2160981
    Schlagwort(e): Regional economics ; Regional planning ; Urban economics ; Regional economics ; Regional planning ; Urban economics ; Regional economics ; Regional planning ; Urban economics ; Brazil ; Brazil ; Brazil Economic policy 2003- ; Brazil Economic policy 2003-
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-190) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821382225 , 0821382233 , 9780821382226 , 9780821382233
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xx, 81 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 339.4/20947
    Schlagwort(e): Cost and standard of living ; Cost and standard of living ; Households Economic aspects ; Households Economic aspects ; Cost and standard of living ; Cost and standard of living ; Households Economic aspects ; Households Economic aspects ; Cost and standard of living ; Cost and standard of living ; Households ; Households ; Asia, Central ; Europe, Eastern ; Asia, Central Economic conditions 21st century ; Europe, Eastern Economic conditions 21st century ; Asia, Central Economic conditions 21st century ; Europe, Eastern Economic conditions 21st century
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378731
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (230 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Development Indicators
    Kurzfassung: This handy pocket guide is a quick reference for users interested in the gender statistics. It presents gender-disaggregated data for more than 200 countries in an easy country-by-country reference on demography, education, health, labor force, political participation and the Millennium Development Goals. The book's summary pages cover regional and income group aggregates
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821374443 , 9780821377406
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxiv, 308 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.1/042
    Schlagwort(e): Equality Health aspects ; Health services accessibility ; Poor Cross-cultural studies Medical care ; World health ; Equality Health aspects ; Health services accessibility ; Poor Cross-cultural studies Medical care ; World health ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Equality ; Health services accessibility ; Health aspects ; Poor ; World health ; Medical care ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Cross-cultural studies ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: An unacceptable realityApproaching a complex and persistent problem -- The importance of "listening" -- A menu of pro-poor policies -- Brazil, filling the cracks in universal coverage -- Cambodia: contracting with nongovernmental organizations to serve the poor -- Cambodia: health equity fund for the poor -- Chile: integrated services program for the poor -- Colombia: expanding health insurance for the poor -- India: community-based health care services -- Indonesia: health cards for the poor -- Kenya: expanding immunization reach through campaigns -- The Kyrgyz Republic: health financing reform and the poor -- Mexico: paying the poor to use health services -- Mexico: providing subsidized health insurance to the poor -- Nepal: participatory planning -- Rwanda: community-based health insurance -- Tanzania: social marketing for malaria prevention -- Vigilance.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-294) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821379820 , 9780821379837
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxi, 248 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.1/04257
    Schlagwort(e): Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; Rural Health Services ; Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; Rural Health Services
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: China's health challenges at the start of the new millenniumThe rural health reforms of the 2000s -- Looking toward a new decade : the big picture -- Financing rural insurance coverage -- Improving service delivery : a question of incentives -- Enhancing accountability and incentives in public health -- The longer-term reform agenda.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-238) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379992 , 082138001X , 9780821379998 , 9780821380017
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxxii, 150 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: A World Bank country study
    Schlagwort(e): Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Sierra Leone ; Sierra Leone Politics and government 1961- ; Sierra Leone Politics and government 1961-
    Kurzfassung: This publication addresses the question of whether political, fiscal, and administrative decentralization improves government effectiveness and the debate on whether it is a viable and desirable state-building strategy for post-conflict countries. The publication is a collection of eight papers written by authors who were closely involved in the decentralization reform process in Sierra Leone from 2003-07. During this period, Sierra Leone's government established elected district and urban councils across the country, transferred certain responsibilities for primary services and local investment and some financial resources to the new councils, and invested heavily in building the administrative infrastructure and capacity of the local councils. Compared to most other Sub-Saharan African countries that have embarked upon decentralization, Sierra Leone's progress in building local government capacity and restructuring the fiscal system is enviable. The authors conclude that improved security and public services are possible in a decentralizing country and Sierra Leone's progress would not have been possible without significant effort at fiscal decentralization and intensive investment in local government capacity building. The most critical ingredient for this reform process is the leadership team in charge of promoting the new institutional framework and their persistent effort to achieve quick improvement in the local government system and public services.--Publisher's description
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction / Yongmei ZhouEstablishing the legislative, political and administrative framework for local government and decentralization in Sierra Leone / Emmanuel Gaima -- Fiscal decentralization : building the financial capacity of local governments / Adams Sanpha Kargbo -- Administrative decentralization : building the non-financial capacity of local governments / Alhassan Kanu -- Decentralization in practice / Katherine Whiteside Casey -- Impact of decentralization on public services : evidence to date / Elizabeth Foster and Rachel Glennester -- Civic engagement in local governance / Yongmei Zhou and Ye Zhang -- Landscape of local authority in Sierra Leone : how traditional and modern justice and governance systems interact / Ryann Elizabeth Manning -- Reflections and conclusions on positives and problems resulting from devolution to date / Emmanuel Gaima.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 29
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    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4806
    Paralleltitel: Byrd, William A Public finance, security, and development
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development ; Finance, Public ; Internal security ; Economic development ; Finance, Public ; Internal security
    Kurzfassung: "Security is increasingly viewed as a key condition for economic growth and development. The authors argue that the work and impact of all development partners would be enhanced if the multiple linkages between public finance, security, and development were explicitly taken into account. At the extreme, in some cases better public finance management could have more impact on security than would more troops. The paper first outlines three core linkages between security and development-through the investment climate, human and social capital, and institutions. The authors then propose three complementary tools to analyze the security sector from the point of view of public finance management, service delivery, and governance. This conceptual framework is applied to the case of Afghanistan. The paper closes by drawing some conclusions about possible entry points for dialogue in this difficult area. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 30
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    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4808
    Paralleltitel: Gorodnichenko, Yuriy Globalization and innovation in emerging markets
    Schlagwort(e): Globalization ; Technological innovations ; Globalization ; Technological innovations
    Kurzfassung: "Globalization brings opportunities and pressures for domestic firms in emerging markets to innovate and improve their competitive position. Using data on firms in 27 transition economies, the authors test for the effects of globalization through the impact of increased competition and foreign direct investment on domestic firms' efforts to innovate (raise their capability) by upgrading their technology, improving the quality of their product or service, or acquiring certification. They find that competition has a negative effect on innovation, especially for firms further from the efficiency frontier, and we do not find support for an inverted U effect of competition on innovation. The authors show that the supply chain of multinational enterprises and international trade are important channels for domestic firms' innovation. They detect no evidence that firms in a more pro-business environment are more likely to display a positive or inverted U relationship between competition and innovation, or that they are more sensitive to foreign presence. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 31
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4814
    Paralleltitel: Chen, Dandan Vocational schooling, labor market outcomes, and college entry
    Schlagwort(e): Education, Secondary ; Vocational education ; Education, Secondary ; Vocational education
    Kurzfassung: "This paper examines the differentiated outcomes of vocational and general secondary academic education, particularly in terms of employment opportunities, labor market earnings, and access to tertiary education in Indonesia. With data from a panel of two waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey in 1997 and 2000, the paper tracks a cohort of high school students in 1997 to examine their schooling and employment status in 2000. The findings demonstrate that: (1) attendance at vocational secondary schools results in neither market advantage nor disadvantage in terms of employment opportunities and/or earnings premium; (2) attendance at vocational schools leads to significantly lower academic achievement as measured by national test scores; and (3) There is no stigma attached to attendance at vocational schools that results in a disadvantage in access to tertiary education; rather, it is the lower academic achievement associated with attendance at vocational school that lowers the likelihood of entering college. The empirical approach of this paper addresses two limitations of the existing literature in this area. First, it takes into account the observation censoring issue due to college entry when evaluating labor market outcomes of secondary school graduates. Second, using an instrumental variable approach, the paper also treats endogeneity of household choice of vocational versus academic track of secondary education, teasing out the net effect of secondary school choice on labor market and schooling outcomes. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 32
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4812
    Paralleltitel: Kudo, Ines Measuring beginner reading skills
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Reading ; Education ; Reading
    Kurzfassung: "Based on analysis of reading performance data from 475 third-graders in Peru, this study makes recommendations on improving reading tests, choice of reading standards, and how to present the results at the school and individual levels. The paper reviews the literature on using reading skills measurement in the early grades to guide policymaking, strengthen accountability, and improve education quality. It uses data generated from the same students using two common approaches to measuring reading skills: an individually-administered oral fluency test, and a group-administered written comprehension test designed by the Ministry of Education for the 2006 universal standard test of second grade reading comprehension. These two approaches have sometimes been presented as competing alternatives, but the paper shows that it is better if they are used together, as complements. Based on psychometric analysis, the paper shows that both the oral and written tests adequately measured students' reading abilities. The results show that reading fluency and comprehension are correlated: fluent readers are more likely to understand what they read than non-fluent readers. The strength of the fluency-comprehension relationship depends on the level of fluency, the difficulty of the questions, and social characteristics of the school. The paper recommends using improved versions of both tests to evaluate early grade reading skills, as a central element of a system of accountability for results. It proposes a model for reporting test results desgned to highlight the importance of reading standards, mobilize the education community to reach them, track progress, and identify students in need of extra support. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 33
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4817
    Paralleltitel: Iarossi, Giuseppe The investment climate in 16 Indian states
    Schlagwort(e): Investments States ; Investments States
    Kurzfassung: "In this paper, the author attempts to identify the characteristics of the business climate in India that can help explain the different performance of individual states in terms of investment and growth. The paper develops a new Investment Climate Index aimed at summarizing the aspects of the business environment that entrepreneurs consider when deciding whether to invest. Using this index, the author explores the investment climate in several typologies of Indian states and identify the key features of a poor business environment in India. The analysis shows that infrastructure and institutions remain the main bottlenecks in the country's private sector development. More specifically, power, transportation, corruption, tax regulations, and theft are major factors explaining the poor business environment in some Indian states. Infrastructure appears to be the single most important constraint, as it is particularly binding in states that show low levels of domestic investment and GDP growth. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 34
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    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4821
    Paralleltitel: Wagstaff, Adam Social health insurance vs. tax-financed health systems
    Schlagwort(e): Health insurance ; Health insurance
    Kurzfassung: "This paper exploits the transitions between tax-financed health care and social health insurance in the OECD countries over the period 1960-2006 to assess the effects of adopting social health insurance over tax finance on per capita health spending, amenable mortality, and labor market outcomes. The paper uses regression-based generalizations of difference-in-differences and instrumental variables to address the possible endogeneity of a country's health system. It finds that adopting social health insurance in preference to tax financing increases per capita health spending by 3-4 percent, reduces the formal sector share of employment by 8-10 percent, and reduces total employment by as much as 6 percent. For the most part, social health insurance adoption has no significant impact on amenable mortality, but for one cause-breast cancer among women-social health insurance systems perform significantly worse, with 5-6 percent more potential years of life lost. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 35
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4822
    Paralleltitel: V. Del Carpio, Ximena Leveling the intra-household playing field
    Schlagwort(e): Child labor ; Transfer payments ; Child labor ; Transfer payments
    Kurzfassung: "This paper analyzes changes in the allocation of child labor within the household in reaction to exogenous shocks created by a social program in Nicaragua. The paper shows that households that randomly received a conditional cash transfer compensated for some of the intra-household differences, as they reduced child labor more for older boys who used to work more and for boys who were further behind in school. The results also show that households that randomly received a productive investment grant, in addition to the basic conditional cash transfer benefits, both targeted at women, show an increased specialization of older girls in nonagricultural and domestic work, but no overall increase in girls' child labor. The findings suggest that time allocation and specialization patterns in child labor within the household are important factors to understand the impact of a social program. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 36
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4826
    Paralleltitel: Schiff, Maurice W The regional dimension of North-South trade-related r&d spillover
    Schlagwort(e): Diffusion of innovations ; Industrial productivity. i ; International trade ; Diffusion of innovations ; Industrial productivity. i ; International trade
    Kurzfassung: "This paper examines the impact of trade with Japan, North America, and the European Union on technology diffusion and total factor productivity growth in Korea, Mexico, and Jordan. Measures of foreign research and development are constructed based on industry-specific research and development in the North, North-South trade patterns, and input-output relations in the South. The findings show that technology diffusion and productivity gains tend to be regional. Jordan benefits mainly from trade with the European Union, Korea from trade with Japan, and Mexico from trade with North America. In other words, the dynamic version of the "natural trading partners" hypothesis holds for these countries. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 37
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4829
    Paralleltitel: Hostland, Doug Low-income countries' access to private debt markets
    Schlagwort(e): Debts, External ; Loans, Foreign ; Debts, External ; Loans, Foreign
    Kurzfassung: "Private debt flows to developing countries surged to record levels over the period 2003-07. A few low-income countries have gained access to the international bond market but the bulk of the flows have continued to go to just a few large middle-income countries. Most low-income countries still heavily depend on concessional loans and grants from the official sector to meet their financing needs. The paper provides an overview of low-income countries' access to cross-border bank lending and bond issuance in the international market over the past few decades. It highlights some stylized facts that characterize salient features of low-income countries' experience in external borrowing from the private sector and discusses the various factors that influence governments' and corporations' decisions to seek external financing along with creditors' decisions to provide the financing. The paper concludes by assessing the prospects for low-income countries' access to private debt markets over the medium term. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 38
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    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4835
    Paralleltitel: Amin, Mohammad Democracy and reforms
    Schlagwort(e): Democracy ; Economic policy ; Democracy ; Economic policy
    Kurzfassung: "The authors use a sample of 147 countries to investigate the link between democracy and reforms. Democracy may be conducive to reforms, because politicians have the incentive to embrace growth-enhancing reforms to win elections. By contrast, authoritarian regimes do not have to worry as much about public opinion and may undertake reforms that are painful in the short run but bring future prosperity. This paper tests these hypotheses, using data on micro-economic reforms from the World Bank's Doing Business database. These data do not suffer the endogeneity issues associated with other datasets on changes in economic institutions. The results provide robust support for the claim that democracy is good for growth-enhancing reforms. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4840
    Paralleltitel: Lederman, Daniel The business of product innovation
    Schlagwort(e): New products ; Technological innovations ; New products ; Technological innovations
    Kurzfassung: "It is so widely recognized that innovation is a key driver of economic growth that it is cliche to say so. This article studies product innovation by firms with data from 68 countries, covering more than 25,000 firms in eight manufacturing sectors. The author assesses the predictions of inter-disciplinary research on innovation by firms. The econometric evidence suggests that globalization and local knowledge increase the likelihood that firms will introduce new products. By contrast, domestic regulatory impediments to competition are not robustly correlated with product innovation. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 40
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    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4846
    Paralleltitel: Das Gupta, Monica Is there an incipient turnaround in Asia's "missing girls" phenomenon ?
    Schlagwort(e): Sex of children, Parental preferences for ; Sex ratio ; Sex of children, Parental preferences for ; Sex ratio
    Kurzfassung: "The apparently inexorable rise in the proportion of "missing girls" in much of East and South Asia has attracted much attention amongst researchers and policy-makers. An encouraging trend was suggested by the case of South Korea, where child sex ratios were the highest in Asia but peaked in the mid-1990s and normalized thereafter. Using census data, we examine whether similar trends have begun to manifest themselves in the two large populous countries of this region, China and India. The data indicate that child sex ratios are peaking in these countries, and in many sub-national regions are beginning to trend towards less masculinization. This suggests that, with continuing vigorous efforts to reduce son preference, the "missing girls" phenomenon could be addressed in Asia. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 41
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4850
    Paralleltitel: Walque, Damien de The demographic and socio-economic distribution of excess mortality during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda
    Schlagwort(e): Genocide ; Mortality ; Genocide ; Mortality
    Kurzfassung: "There is an extensive literature on violent conflicts such as the 1994 Rwandan genocide, but few papers examine the profiles of victims and perpetrators, or more broadly the micro-level dynamics of widespread violence. This paper studies the demographic consequences of the Rwandan genocide and how the excess mortality due to the conflict was distributed in the population. Data collected by the 2000 Demographic and Health Survey indicate that although there were more deaths across the entire population, adult males were the most likely to die. Using the characteristics of the survey respondent as a proxy for the socio-economic status of the family dead, the results also show that individuals with an urban or more educated background were more likely to die. Over and above the human tragedies, a long-term cost of the genocide is the country's loss of productive skills. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 42
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4854
    Paralleltitel: Estache, Antonio (Un)bundling infrastructure procurement
    Schlagwort(e): Government purchasing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sanitation ; Water-supply ; Government purchasing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sanitation ; Water-supply
    Kurzfassung: "Competition in public procurement auctions in the water supply and sanitation sector is largely limited. This is partly because of high technical complexity and partly because of auction design flaws. The division of lot contracts is an important policy choice for auctioneers to achieve efficiency. In general, there is a tradeoff between competition in auctions and size of contracts. Larger works could benefit from economies of scale and scope, but large contracts might undermine competition. Using data on public procurement auctions for water and sewage projects in developing countries, this paper shows that bidder entry is crucially endogenous, especially because it is determined by the auctioneer's bundling and unbundling strategy. If water treatment plant and distribution network works are bundled in a single lot package, competition would be significantly reduced, and this adverse entry effect would in turn raise the public procurement costs of infrastructure. There is no evidence of positive scope economies in the bidder cost structure. It is important to account for the underlying cost structure for designing efficient auction mechanisms. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4858
    Paralleltitel: Lanjouw, Peter Poverty decline, agricultural wages, and non-farm employment in rural India
    Schlagwort(e): Agricultural laborers ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Poverty ; Rural poor ; Agricultural laborers ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Poverty ; Rural poor
    Kurzfassung: "The authors analyze five rounds of National Sample Survey data covering 1983, 1987/8, 1993/4, 1999/0, and 2004/5 to explore the relationship between rural diversification and poverty. Poverty in rural India declined at a modest rate during this period. The authors provide region-level estimates that illustrate considerable geographic heterogeneity in this progress. Poverty estimates correlate well with region-level data on changes in agricultural wage rates. Agricultural labor remains the preserve of the uneducated and also to a large extent of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Although agricultural labor grew as a share of total economic activity over the first four rounds, it had fallen back to the levels observed at the beginning of the survey period by 2004. This all-India trajectory masks widely varying trends across states. During this period, the rural non-farm sector grew modestly, mainly between the last two survey rounds. Regular non-farm employment remains largely associated with education levels and social status that are rare among the poor. However, casual labor and self-employment in the non-farm sector reveal greater involvement by disadvantaged groups in 2004 than in the preceding rounds. The implication for poverty is not immediately clear - the poor may be pushed into low-return casual non-farm activities due to lack of opportunities in the agricultural sector rather than being pulled by high returns offered by the non-farm sector. Econometric estimates reveal that expansion of the non-farm sector is associated with falling poverty via two routes: a direct impact on poverty that is likely due to a pro-poor marginal incidence of non-farm employment expansion; and an indirect impact attributable to the positive effect of non-farm employment growth on agricultural wages. The analysis also confirms the important contribution to rural poverty reduction from agricultural productivity, availability of land, and consumption levels in proximate urban areas. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 44
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    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4862
    Paralleltitel: Crespo-Cuaresma, Jesús Natural disasters and human capital accumulation
    Schlagwort(e): Education, Secondary ; Natural disasters ; Education, Secondary ; Natural disasters
    Kurzfassung: "The author assesses empirically the relationship between natural disaster risk and investment in education. Although the results in the empirical literature tend to be inconclusive, using model averaging methods in the framework of cross-country and panel regressions, this paper finds an extremely robust negative partial correlation between secondary school enrollment and natural disaster risk. This result is exclusively driven by geological disasters. Natural disaster risk exposure is a robust determinant of differences in secondary school enrollment between countries, but not within countries, which implies that the effect can be interpreted as a long-run phenomenon. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 45
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4866
    Paralleltitel: Bhattacharyya, Subhes C Energy demand models for policy formulation
    Schlagwort(e): Energy policy ; Energy policy
    Kurzfassung: "This paper critically reviews existing energy demand forecasting methodologies highlighting the methodological diversities and developments over the past four decades in order to investigate whether the existing energy demand models are appropriate for capturing the specific features of developing countries. The study finds that two types of approaches, econometric and end-use accounting, are used in the existing energy demand models. Although energy demand models have greatly evolved since the early 1970s, key issues such as the poor-rich and urban-rural divides, traditional energy resources, and differentiation between commercial and non-commercial energy commodities are often poorly reflected in these models. While the end-use energy accounting models with detailed sector representations produce more realistic projections compared with the econometric models, they still suffer from huge data deficiencies especially in developing countries. Development and maintenance of more detailed energy databases, further development of models to better reflect developing country context, and institutionalizing the modeling capacity in developing countries are the key requirements for energy demand modeling to deliver richer and more reliable input to policy formulation in developing countries. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
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    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4870
    Paralleltitel: Fernandes, Ana Margarida Professional services and development
    Schlagwort(e): Professional education ; Professions ; Professional education ; Professions
    Kurzfassung: "Professional skills are scarce in Mozambique, even by the standards of low-income countries. The solution, however, is not necessarily to create more Mozambican training institutions but to address market-specific problems. Where skills are already the binding constraint (for example, in auditing and engineering), policy action is indeed needed to remedy supply-side problems: capital market imperfections that inhibit investment in training institutions by entrepreneurs and in education by individuals; weakness in upstream school education, which handicaps Mozambican students in their pursuit of higher education; inadequacies in professional education and training, including curricula not attuned to industry needs; and a fragmentation of the regional education market by regulatory and language differences that prevent the emergence of regional institutions that can exploit economies of scale.Where skills may be limited but are not yet the binding constraint, the priority is to stimulate demand for appropriate skills. In this respect, the emergence of professional guilds offers opportunities, but also creates risks. The guilds can design, with government support, a regulatory framework, for example, in accounting and basic engineering, which is more attuned to the needs of Mozambican firms. They can also help make firms more aware of the benefits of professional help, for example, in accounting and information technology. The risk is that guilds will create unnecessary regulatory barriers to entry, particularly for foreign or foreign-trained professionals. Greater coherence between policies affecting professional services and international migration policy can help deal with both supply-side and demand-side problems. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4871
    Paralleltitel: Available in another form Wage subsidy and labor market flexibility in South Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Labor market ; Unskilled labor ; Labor market ; Unskilled labor
    Kurzfassung: "In this paper, the authors use a highly disaggregate general equilibrium model to analyze the feasibility of a wage subsidy to unskilled workers in South Africa, isolating and estimating its potential employment effects and fiscal cost. They capture the structural characteristics of the labor market with several labor categories and substitution possibilities, linking the economy-wide results on relative prices, wages, and employment to a micro-simulation model with occupational choice probabilities in order to investigate the poverty and distributional consequences of the policy. The impact of a wage subsidy on employment, poverty, and inequality in South Africa depends greatly on the elasticities of substitution of factors of production, being very minimal if unskilled and skilled labor are complements in production. The desired results are attainable only if there is sufficient flexibility in the labor market. Although the impact in a low case scenario can be improved by supporting policies that relax the skill constraint and increase the production capacity of the economy especially towards labor-intensive sectors, the gains from a wage subsidy are still modest if the labor market remains very rigid. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4875
    Paralleltitel: Markandya, Anil Economic modeling of income, different types of capital and natural disasters
    Schlagwort(e): Capital ; Natural disasters Economic aspects ; Capital ; Natural disasters Economic aspects
    Kurzfassung: "This paper provides empirical estimates of the impacts of natural disasters on different forms of capital (with a focus on human and intangible capital and natural capital), and on real gross domestic product per capita. The types of disaster considered are droughts, earthquakes, floods, and storms and their impacts are measured in terms of the number of people affected or people affected per capita. The authors find statistically significant reductions on the values of human and intangible capital and land capital as a consequence of the disasters, and these reductions are greater when the impacts last for longer periods. Based on the assumption that natural disasters indirectly affect the level of income via losses in capital, the authors estimate a Cobb-Douglas production function using the different forms of capital as inputs. The losses in income are found to vary across different countries and the type of natural disaster studied. However, a common finding is that the losses in income depend generally on two factors: the relative magnitude of impacts of a natural disaster and the values of different forms of capital. The estimates in this paper are national level figures and cannot be useful in predicting the cost of damages at the local level, where much larger amounts can be experienced per capita. Nevertheless, the estimates provide some indication of magnitudes for different disasters and for different groups of countries. More work and more data are needed to get a dynamic profile for the losses of capital and income. But given the study's results, the time profile is estimated to range typically between two and five years. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4878
    Paralleltitel: Irving, Jacqueline Local sources of financing for infrastructure in Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Financial institutions ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Financial institutions ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Kurzfassung: "With the exception of South Africa, local financial markets in sub-Saharan Africa remain underdeveloped and small, with a particular dearth of financing with maturity terms commensurate with the medium- to long-term horizons of infrastructure projects. But as financial market reforms gather momentum, there is growing awareness of the need to tap local and regional sources. Drawing on a comprehensive new database constructed for the purpose of this research, the paper assesses the actual and potential role of local financial systems for 24 African countries in financing infrastructure. The paper concludes that further development and more appropriate regulation of local institutional investors would help them realize their potential as financing sources, for which they are better suited than local banks because their liabilities would better match the longer terms of infrastructure projects. There are clear signs of positive change: private pension providers are emerging in Africa, there is a shift from defined benefit toward defined contribution plans, and African institutional investors have begun taking a more diversified portfolio approach in asset allocation. Although capital markets remain underdeveloped, new issuers in infrastructure sectors-particularly of corporate bonds-are coming to market in several countries, in some cases constituting the debut issue. More than half of the corporate bonds listed at end-2006 on these countries' markets were by companies in infrastructure sectors. More cross-border listings and investment within the region-in both corporate bonds and equity issues-including by local institutional investors, could help overcome local capital markets' impediments and may hold significant promise for financing cross-country infrastructure projects. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4882
    Paralleltitel: Amin, Mohammad Natural resources and reforms
    Schlagwort(e): Natural resources ; Natural resources
    Kurzfassung: "The authors use a sample of 133 countries to investigate the link between the abundance of natural resources and micro-economic reforms. Previous studies suggest that natural resource abundance gives rise to governments that are less accountable to the public and states that are oligarchic, and that it leads to the erosion of social capital. These factors are likely to hamper economic reforms. The authors test this hypothesis using data on micro-economic reforms from the World Bank's Doing Business database. The results provide a robust support for the "resource curse" view: a move from the 75th percentile to the 25th percentile on resource abundance equals 10.9 percentage points more reform. This is a large effect given that the mean probability of reform in the sample is 57.1 percent. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4896
    Paralleltitel: Calderón, César Does higher openness cause more real exchange rate volatility ?
    Schlagwort(e): Foreign exchange rates ; Foreign exchange rates
    Kurzfassung: "The "New Open Economy Macroeconomics" argues that: (a) non-monetary factors have gained importance in explaining exchange rate volatility, and (b) trade and financial openness may have a potential role of mitigating and/or amplifying real and nominal shocks to real exchange rates. The goal of the present paper is to examine the ability of trade and financial openness to exacerbate or mitigate real exchange rate volatility. The authors collected information on the real effective exchange rate, its fundamentals, and (outcome and policy measures of) trade and financial openness for a sample of industrial and developing countries for the period 1975-2005. Using instrumental variables techniques, the analysis finds that: (a) High real exchange rate volatility is the result of highly volatile productivity shocks, and sharp oscillations in monetary and fiscal policy shocks. (b) Countries more integrated with international markets of goods and services tend to display more stable real exchange rate fluctuations. (c) Financial openness seems to amplify the fluctuations in real exchange rates. (d) The composition of trade and capital flows plays a role in explaining the smoothing properties of trade and financial openness. Although the former is mainly driven by manufacturing trade, the latter depends on the share of debt (and equity) in total foreign liabilities. (e) Financial openness would attenuate (magnify) real exchange rate volatility, the greater the share of equity (debt) in foreign liabilities. (f) The composition of flows also matters for explaining the smoothing properties of trade and financial openness in periods of currency crisis. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 52
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4900
    Paralleltitel: Mendola, Mariapia International migration and gender differentials in the home labor market
    Schlagwort(e): Sex role in the work environment ; Sex role in the work environment ; Albania Emigration and immigration ; Albania Emigration and immigration
    Kurzfassung: "This paper examines the role of male-dominated international migration in shaping labor market outcomes by gender in migrant-sending households in Albania. Using detailed information on family migration experience from the latest Living Standards Measurement Study survey, the authors find that male and female labor supplies respond differently to the current and past migration episodes of household members. Controlling for the potential endogeneity of migration and for the income (remittances) effect, the estimates show that having a migrant abroad decreases female paid labor supply and increases unpaid work. However, women with past family migration experience are significantly more likely to engage in self-employment and less likely to supply unpaid work. The same relationships do not hold for men. These findings suggest that over time male-dominated Albanian migration may lead to women's empowerment in access to income-earning opportunities at the origin. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4904
    Paralleltitel: Beegle, Kathleen Frame-of-reference bias in subjective welfare regressions
    Schlagwort(e): Household surveys ; Household surveys
    Kurzfassung: "Past research has found that subjective questions about an individuals' economic status do not correspond closely to measures of economic welfare based on household income or consumption. Survey respondents undoubtedly hold diverse ideas about what it means to be "poor" or "rich." Further, this heterogeneity may be correlated with other characteristics, including welfare, leading to frame-of-reference bias. To test for this bias, vignettes were added to a nationally representative survey of Tajikistan, in which survey respondents rank the economic status of the theoretical vignette households, as well as their own. The vignette rankings are used to reveal the respondent's own scale. The findings indicate that respondents hold diverse scales in assessing their welfare, but that there is little bias in either the economic gradient of subjective welfare or most other coefficients on covariates of interest. These results provide a firmer foundation for standard survey methods and regression specifications for subjective welfare data. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4908
    Paralleltitel: Carletto, Calogero Moving up the ladder?
    Schlagwort(e): Occupational mobility ; Return migration ; Occupational mobility ; Return migration
    Kurzfassung: "The contribution of return migrants to economic development in source countries can be significant. Overseas savings of returnees may lead to improvements in household welfare and provide liquidity for investments in the face of credit market failures. Labor market experience and skills acquired abroad may also lead migrants to find occupations higher in the skill and remuneration spectrum upon return. This study uses the 2005 Albanian Living Standards Measurement Study Survey and estimates the impact of international migration experience on the occupational mobility of return migrants vis a vis working-age Albanian residents that never migrated. Controlling for the non-random nature of international migration and return, the results show that past migration experience increases the likelihood of upward occupational mobility. Exploring the heterogeneity of impact by host country indicates that the positive effect of past migration experience on upward occupational mobility is driven by past migration experience in Italy and countries further a field, while past migration experience in Greece does not exert any significant impact on mobility outcomes. The results, which are consistent across different sample specifications and outcome variables measuring occupational mobility, hint at the link between migration and human/financial capital formation among migrants and foster optimism concerning the positive effect of return migration on economic development. This insight is particularly important since remittances from permanent migrants, which have fueled the impressive growth performance of the country in the recent era, may taper off in the medium to long term with the decline in out-migration and growing global economic woes. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4912
    Paralleltitel: Yepes, Tito Making sense of Africa's infrastructure endowment
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Kurzfassung: "The paper's objective is to explain factors underlying Africa's weak infrastructure endowment and to identify suitable infrastructure goals for the region based on benchmarking against international peers. The authors use a dataset covering the stocks of key infrastructure-including information and communication technology (ICT), power, roads, and water-across 155 developing countries over the period 1960 to 2005. The paper also examines subregional differences within Africa. They make use of regression techniques to control for a comprehensive set of economic, demographic, geographic, and historic conditioning factors, as well as adjusting for potential endogeneities. Results show that Africa lags behind all other regions of the developing world in its infrastructure endowment, except in ICT. By far the largest gaps arise in the power sector, with generating capacity and household access to electricity at half the levels observed in South Asia. While it is often assumed that Africa's infrastructure deficit is largely a reflection of its relatively low income levels, the authors find that African countries have much more limited infrastructure than income peers in other parts of the developing world. Countries that face the most challenging environment, with low population density, weak governance, and history of conflict, have the poorest infrastructure endowments. At the outset of the data series, Africa was doing significantly better than other developing regions for road density, generation capacity, and fixed-line telephones, but Africa's relative position has deteriorated over time. The most dramatic loss of ground has come in electrical generating capacity, which has stagnated since 1980. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 56
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4910
    Paralleltitel: Yamauchi, Futoshi Natural disasters, self-insurance and human capital investment
    Schlagwort(e): Human capital ; Natural disasters ; Human capital ; Natural disasters
    Kurzfassung: "This paper examines the impacts of disasters on dynamic human capital production using panel data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Malawi. The empirical results show that the accumulation of biological human capital prior to disasters helps children maintain investments in the post-disaster period. Biological human capital formed in early childhood (long-term nutritional status) plays a role of insurance with resilience to disasters by protecting schooling investment and outcomes, although disasters have negative impacts on investment. In Bangladesh, children with more biological human capital are less affected by the adverse effects of floods, and the rate of investment increases with the initial human capital stock in the post-disaster recovery process. In Ethiopia and Malawi, where droughts are rather frequent, exposure to highly frequent droughts in some cases reduces schooling investment but the negative impacts are larger among children embodying less biological human capital. Asset holdings prior to the disasters, especially the household's stock of intellectual human capital, also helps maintain schooling investments at least to the same degree as the stock of human capital accumulated in children prior to the disasters. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 57
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4914
    Paralleltitel: Calderón, César Infrastructure and growth in Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Kurzfassung: "The goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of infrastructure development on growth in African countries. Based on econometric estimates for a sample of 136 countries from 1960-2005, the authors evaluate the impact on per capita growth of faster accumulation of infrastructure stocks and of enhancement in the quality of infrastructure services for 39 African countries in three key infrastructure sectors: telecommunications, electricity, and roads. Using an econometric technique suitable for dynamic panel data models and likely endogenous regressors, the authors find that infrastructure stocks and service quality boost economic growth. The growth payoff of reaching the infrastructure development of the African leader (Mauritius) is 1.1 percent of GDP per year in North Africa and 2.3 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa, with most of the contribution coming from more, rather than better, infrastructure. Across Africa, infrastructure contributed 99 basis points to per capita economic growth, versus 68 points for other structural policies. Most of the contribution came from increases in stocks (89 basis points), versus quality improvements (10 basis points). The findings show that growth is positively affected by the volume of infrastructure stocks and the quality of infrastructure services; simulations show that our empirical findings are significant statistically and economically. Identifying areas of opportunity to generate productivity growth, the authors find that African countries are likely to gain more from larger stocks of infrastructure than from enhancements in the quality of existing infrastructure. The payoffs are largest for telephone density, electricity-generating capacity, road-network length, and road quality. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 58
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4911
    Paralleltitel: Abe, Kazutomo Weathering the storm
    Schlagwort(e): Harbors ; Harbors
    Kurzfassung: "The world economic crisis of 2008 presents clear challenges to prospects for economic growth in developing countries. This is particularly true for emerging economies in East Asia that have relied to a great extent over the past decade on export-led growth. What steps to facilitate trade promise a relatively strong return on investment for East Asia to help sustain trade and growth? The authors examine how port infrastructure affects trade and the role of transport costs in driving exports and imports for the region. They find that port congestion has significantly increased the transport costs to East Asia from both of the United States and Japan. The analysis suggests that cutting port congestion by 10 percent could cut transport costs in East Asia by up to 3 percent. This translates into a 0.3 to 0.5 percent across-the-board tariff cut. In addition, the estimates suggest that the trade cost reduction of investment in port infrastructure in East Asia that translates into higher consumer welfare would far outweigh the cost for physical expansion of the ports in the region. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4915
    Paralleltitel: Kessides, Ioannis Nicolaos Toward defining and measuring the affordability of public utility services
    Schlagwort(e): Public utilities ; Public utilities
    Kurzfassung: "This paper reviews the progress made in the literature toward defining and measuring the affordability of utilities. It highlights the relative merits of alternate affordability metrics; the practical challenges to their operationalization, including the underlying data requirements; and their implications for the design, evaluation, and implementation of appropriate affordability programs. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4919
    Paralleltitel: Bell, Clive AIDS and dualism
    Schlagwort(e): AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects
    Kurzfassung: "An AIDS epidemic threatens Ethiopia with a long wave of premature adult mortality, and thus with an enduring setback to capital formation and economic growth. The authors develop a two-sector model with three overlapping generations and intersectorally mobile labor, in which young adults allocate resources under rational expectations. They calibrate the model to the demographic and economic data, and perform simulations for the period ending in 2100 under alternative assumptions about mortality with and without the epidemic. Although the epidemic does not bring about a catastrophic economic collapse, which is hardly possible in view of Ethiopia's poverty and high background adult mortality, it does cause a permanent, downward displacement of the path of output per head, amounting to 10 percent in 2100. An externally funded program to combat the disease is socially very profitable. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4925
    Paralleltitel: Beine, Michel International migration, transfers of norms and home country fertility
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Migration ; Soziale Norm ; Fertilität ; Bildungsverhalten ; Migranten ; Welt ; Emigration and immigration ; Fertility, Human ; Emigration and immigration ; Fertility, Human
    Kurzfassung: "This paper examines the relationship between international migration and source country fertility. The impact of international migration on source country fertility may have a number of causes, including a transfer of destination countries' fertility norms and an incentive to acquire more education. It provides provide a rigorous test of the diffusion on of fertility norms using original and detailed data on migration. The results provide evidence of a significant transfer of fertility norms from migrants to their country of origin: a one percent decrease in the fertility norm to which migrants are exposed reduces home country fertility by about 0.3 percent for origin countries. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4940
    Paralleltitel: Norgaard, Kari Marie Cognitive and behavioral challenges in responding to climate change
    Schlagwort(e): Climatic changes Government policy ; Climatic changes Public opinion ; Global warming ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Climatic changes Public opinion ; Global warming
    Kurzfassung: "Climate scientists have identified global warming as the most important environmental issue of our time, but it has taken over 20 years for the problem to penetrate the public discourse in even the most superficial manner. While some nations have done better than others, no nation has adequately reduced emissions and no nation has a base of public citizens that are sufficiently socially and politically engaged in response to climate change. This paper summarizes international and national differences in levels of knowledge and concern regarding climate change, and the existing explanations for the worldwide failure of public response to climate change, drawing from psychology, social psychology and sociology. On the whole, the widely presumed links between public access to information on climate change and levels of concern and action are not supported. The paper's key findings emphasize the presence of negative emotions in conjunction with global warming (fear, guilt, and helplessness), and the process of emotion management and cultural norms in the construction of a social reality in which climate change is held at arms length. Barriers in responding to climate change are placed into three broad categories: 1) psychological/conceptual, 2) social and cultural, and 3) structural (political economy). The author provides policy considerations and summarizes the policy implications of both psychological and conceptual barriers, and social and cultural barriers. An annotated bibliography is included. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4941
    Paralleltitel: Meadowcroft, James Climate change governance
    Schlagwort(e): Climatic changes Government policy ; Climatic changes Government policy
    Kurzfassung: "Climate change governance poses difficult challenges for contemporary political/administrative systems. These systems evolved to handle other sorts of problems and must now be adapted to handle emerging issues of climate change mitigation and adaptation. This paper examines long-term climate governance, particularly in relation to overcoming "institutional inertia" that hampers the development of an effective and timely response. It argues that when the influence of groups that fear adverse consequences of mitigation policies is combined with scientific uncertainty, the complexity of reaching global agreements, and long time frames, the natural tendency is for governments to delay action, to seek to avoid antagonizing influential groups, and to adopt less ambitious climate programs. Conflicts of power and interest are inevitable in relation to climate change policy. To address climate change means altering the way things are being done today - especially in terms of production and consumption practices in key sectors such as energy, agriculture, and transportation. But some of the most powerful groups in society have done well from existing arrangements, and they are cautious about disturbing the status quo. Climate change governance requires governments to take an active role in bringing about shifts in interest perceptions so that stable societal majorities in favor of deploying an active mitigation and adaptation policy regime can be maintained. Measures to help effect such change include: building coalitions for change, buying off opponents, establishing new centers of economic power, creating new institutional actors, adjusting legal rights and responsibilities, and changing ideas and accepted norms and expectations. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379879 , 9780821379875
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxi, 417 p) , col. ill., col. maps , 27 cm
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Schlagwort(e): Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Environmental aspects ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Economic geography
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Overview: Changing the climate for development. 1. Understanding the links between climate change and development.2. Reducing human vulnerability: Helping people help themselves. -- 3. Managing land and water to feed nine billion people and protect natural systems. --- 4. Energizing development without compromising the climate. -- 5. Integrating development into the global climate regime. -- 6. Generating the funding needed for mitigation and adaptation. -- 7. Accelerating innovation and technology diffusion. -- 8. Overcoming behavioral; and institutional inertia.
    Anmerkung: " ... a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank."--Verso of title page , Includes bibliographic references and index
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  • 65
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: One of the objectives of a GFDRR funded project in Armenia (Institutional Arrangements on Disaster Risk Management and Reduction) is awareness building among the decision makers, professional engineering and construction community, and local self-governments on the modern, anti-seismic technologies successfully developed and implemented in Armenia. To raise awareness on the seismic isolation technology it was decided to first evaluate the functioning of all seismic isolation systems in the already constructed buildings in Armenia. Then based on the carried out observations to analyze the results, to draw lessons from the findings and to present the conclusions and recommendations to the wider engineering and construction community, as well as to the decision makers in the construction industry. For that purpose monitoring and evaluation of the technical conditions of the seismic isolation systems in the buildings which were seismically isolated for more than a decade ago was carried out. This initiative was very useful, as it helped to answer to the frequently asked questions and concerns on the sustainability and effectiveness of the technology, of the seismic isolators. It also helped to draw lessons and recommend solutions for improving their construction and maintenance practices
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Over the years, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) social and economic development group has regularly compiled briefs on the status and progress of women in the region for internal and external use. This is the third compendium and its content is drawn from existing data banks, records, statistics, and sources found in the public domain. The compendium includes a regional gender overview, country gender profiles covering all MENA countries, individual country gender briefs for Djibouti, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, West Bank and Gaza, and the Republic of Yemen. In addition, the compendium provides information on research carried out in the area of gender and transport as there is an increased interest in the role of infrastructure in women's economic empowerment, as well as research on attitudes regarding gender roles based on the world values survey
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  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: High labor tax wedges and slow formal employment growth have combined to make labor tax reform an important economic policy issue in Turkey. This synthesis report presents the results of a series of empirical studies of the impact of a labor tax reform. The analysis was undertaken before the social contribution reforms that were introduced as part of the 2008 employment package. Using data from firms, households, and social insurance files, the research finds that employment does respond to changes in labor costs at levels that are comparable to those found in other middle-income and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The results show that reducing labor costs could significantly boost registered employment. However, the actual effect of lower taxes on employment would be diluted because a significant portion of the reduced tax will be captured by workers through higher wages rather than by employers through lower labor costs. As a result, tax cuts targeted towards low-wage labor would be more cost-effective than across-the-board reductions. To achieve overall fiscal neutrality, compensating additional revenues from other sources or reduced expenditures will be needed to accompany lower contribution rates
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  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Public Sector Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The devolution of procurement responsibilities to local levels of government is increasingly occurring across South Asia. This trend is significant because increasingly localized decision-making better enables communities to hold government authorities accountable for the effectiveness of public spending, which can lead to various improved development outcomes, such as improvements in quality of service delivery; greater empowerment and understanding by end-users services supplied through public procurement processes; and improved oversight and accountability of service delivery agencies. The objective of this report is to set out an overview of the strategic approach developed by World Bank Institute (WBI) as a component of the Norwegian governance trust fund (NTF) program `procurement and service delivery: establishing effective collaboration between government and beneficiaries on monitoring procurement outcomes`. WBI received funds under the NTF to facilitate the development of context and audience-specific knowledge products by recognized practitioners and civil society organizations in South Asia as part of a broader effort to create a practical curriculum on social accountability in procurement
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  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Infrastructure Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This report is concerned with the development of the infrastructure which is required in order to support proposed mines in Southern Mongolia. In order for the mines to be developed, it will be necessary to provide towns for the new inhabitants, road and rail links to provide supplies and to transport the mines' products to markets, and electricity for the mines' operations. Water resources need to be investigated and supplied to the mines and towns. And as all of the development advances, consideration needs to be given to mitigating any negative environmental and social impacts. The geographic focus of the report varies according to the particular topic. The mines are all located in a region which this report defines as 'Southern Mongolia', and which includes the images of Omnogovi, Dornogovi, Govisumber and Dundgovi. The majority of the important new mines are located in Omnogovi, and the analysis of housing and social impacts is concentrated in areas close to these mines. In terms of time, the report concentrates on the most important priorities for government action up to 2015. Nevertheless, consideration is given to a longer time-horizon when considering the potential environmental and water resource demands likely to arise as a result of the region's development. The report is not concerned with the longer-term actions required for broader economic development of the region, including the development of value-added industries associated with the mining industry. To get to long-term objectives, it is necessary to start with the short term. This report assumes that the Government will permit development of the mines in the near future
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This report provides an overview of the challenges and opportunities in addressing road safety in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. It presents information on the size, characteristics, and causes of the problem; presents evidence on the effectiveness of measures that countries world-wide have adopted to improve road safety; briefly describes current international road safety policy; and discusses a range of strategies and actions that could be undertaken by the World Bank in coordination and partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), multilateral development banks, other international agencies and donors, as well as with private and civil society institutions. A primary audience of this report is internal-particularly managers and staff of the World Bank working in the transport, health, education, and governance sectors, to raise awareness about the multisectoral nature of the road safety challenge and of effective options to address it. It proposes ways that the World Bank might engage more to support ECA countries in tackling this issue, working in partnership with other international agencies and donors. The secondary audience is external policymakers, senior analysts, program managers, and their advisers in the governments of ECA countries, private sector officials, and civil society and international organizations working in this field. The goal is to support discussion on appropriate choices and instruments for advancing the road safety agenda as a top development priority over the short and medium term
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This report is a part of larger welfare and social policy work agenda which the Turkish State Planning Organization and the World Bank are carrying out collaboratively. The work agenda includes the preparation of a number of conceptualized, and in part of co-authored, analytical studies on topics ranging from examines the equity determinants to investigating the links between poverty, employment creation, and growth. Further, the work agenda comprises a number of human development dialogues for which we are inviting international experts and practioners to share their experiences about social policy reforms with the Turkish government and the wider academic and non-governmental public. This report examines life chances. Life chances for today Turkish people, most importantly future generation, today's children. The results presented in this report show that life chances differ in important dimensions today, and that Turkey could immensely improve its human and economic development potential by maximizing such opportunities
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  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821377825 , 0821377833 , 9780821377826 , 9780821377833
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xi, 171 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Health, nutrition, and population series
    DDC: 362.109597
    Schlagwort(e): Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care Finance ; Medical policy ; Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care Finance ; Medical policy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Costs ; Health Care Reform ; Health Expenditures ; Health Policy ; Insurance, Health ; Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Costs ; Health Care Reform ; Health Expenditures ; Health Policy ; Insurance, Health
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vietnam's health system since DOI MOIRecent trends in Vietnam's health sector performance -- Health insurance -- Reforming health insurance -- Service delivery -- Reforming service delivery -- Decentralization and government stewardship.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-164) and index
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  • 73
    ISBN: 0821377906 , 0821379143 , 9780821377901 , 9780821379141
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 100 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Agriculture and rural development
    DDC: 338.3/727
    Schlagwort(e): Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Global trends in fisheriesThe economic performance of world marine capture fisheries -- Estimate of net economic loss in the global marine fishery -- Results -- The way forward.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-94) and index
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  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378023 , 9780821378021
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 271 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 362.1
    Schlagwort(e): Medical economics ; Public health personnel Salaries, etc ; Medical economics ; Public health personnel Salaries, etc ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Medical economics ; Public health personnel ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: OverviewBackground country study for Kenya -- Background country study for Zambia -- Background country study for Rwanda -- Background country study for the Dominican Republic.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 75
    ISBN: 0821378155 , 9780821378151
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxii, 321 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.4/73621
    Schlagwort(e): Medical economics ; Medical fees ; Medical economics ; Medical fees ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; National Health Programs ; Rate Setting and Review methods ; Reimbursement Mechanisms ; Reimbursement, Incentive ; Medical economics ; Medical fees ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; National Health Programs ; Rate Setting and Review ; Reimbursement Mechanisms ; methods ; Reimbursement, Incentive
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Overview : what, how, and who : an introduction to provider payment systemsPrimary health care per capita payment systems -- Case-based hospital payment systems -- Hospital global budgeting -- A primer on contracting -- Health management information systems : linking purchasers and providers.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378406 , 0821378422 , 9780821378403 , 9780821378427
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (v. 〈1〉) , ill., tables , 28 cm
    Ausgabe: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 336.3/435/091724
    Schlagwort(e): Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External ; Finance ; International finance ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Statistics ; Investments, Foreign
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: v. 1: Review, analysis, and outlookv. 2: Summary and country tables.
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378786 , 9780821379370
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xviii, 194 p) , ill. , col. maps , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Schlagwort(e): Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests Management ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests Management ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The historic and environmental contextThe advent of forest reform -- Objectives and content of the reforms -- A summary of impacts -- In-depth analysis of impacts -- Ten years of forest sector reform.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380516 , 0821380524 , 9780821380512 , 9780821380529
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 88 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available online
    Serie: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 362.5/820982
    Schlagwort(e): Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Argentina ; Argentina ; Argentina Economic policy ; Argentina Social policy ; Argentina Economic policy ; Argentina Social policy
    Kurzfassung: Argentina approaches its bicentennial as an independent republic and has a window of opportunity in social protection policy. Following the most serious economic crisis in its history during 2001-02, the country mobilized an effort to provide income support to the population in need. Now, as growth has returned and social indicators have recovered to pre-crisis levels, there is an opening to move from emergency income support programs to a more comprehensive, long-term, and sustainable strategy for social protection. The emergency response was effective, as it helped the country to overcome the worst of the crisis. The centerpiece of the strategy, plan Jefes y Jefas, provided benefits to nearly two million households during a period when poverty affected more than half the population and unemployment reached record levels. The number of beneficiaries slowly declined beginning in 2003, and was at nearly one-third of its maximum value by early 2008. This reduction was achieved by the reentry of beneficiaries into the formal labor market, the loss of eligibility, and the shift of beneficiaries to familias and seguro de capacitacion y empleo (Seguro), the successor programs to Jefes. Now that the crisis has passed, the policy debate has shifted toward the future of social protection over the longer term. The improvement in overall economic conditions since 2003 has resulted in a decline in unemployment, poverty, and inequality, and a recovery of formal employment and real salaries to pre-crisis levels. These positive trends have generated opportunities to consider longer-term and structural issues, including a debate over the future of whether this new type of noncontributory social policies, based on income transfers to households and individuals, should continue.--Publisher's description
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Income transfer programs and social protectionIncome support policies in Argentina : origins and development -- Opinions and preferences toward income support -- Income support and the role of the provinces -- Policy options and future challenges -- Reflections, challenges, and policy considerations.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821379615
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (80 p) , col. ill , 30 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Schlagwort(e): Business Statistics Costs ; Business Statistics Costs ; Business ; Cambodia ; Cambodia ; Cambodia Commerce ; Cambodia Commercial policy ; Cambodia Commerce ; Cambodia Commercial policy
    Anmerkung: Cover title
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378740 , 0821378759 , 9780821378748 , 9780821378755
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxii, 451 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 336.3/435091724
    Schlagwort(e): Debt relief ; Debt relief ; Debt relief
    Anmerkung: "This book is the outcome of a conference titled 'Debt relief and beyond: a World Bank conference on debt and development,' held in October 2008 at the World Bank in Washington, D.C."--Preface , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : Africa Region Human Development Department/World Bank
    ISBN: 0821381245 , 0821381253 , 9780821381243 , 9780821381250
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xiii, 45 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Africa human development series
    Serie: World Bank working paper no. 175
    DDC: 344.67/074
    Schlagwort(e): Education, Higher Law and legislation ; Private universities and colleges Law and legislation ; Education, Higher Law and legislation ; Private universities and colleges Law and legislation ; Education, Higher ; Private universities and colleges
    Anmerkung: "William Saint and Christine Lao, March 2009 : This paper expands on an initial survey completed by Christine Lao in April 2007. Both authors served as consultants to the Africa Region Human Development Department of the World Bank. However, the findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or of the governments they represent"---publisher's galley , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 82
    ISBN: 0821381652 , 0821381660 , 9780821381656 , 9780821381663
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xvii, 76 p) , ill. (some col.) , 28 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9009172/4
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Economic development ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Economic development ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic conditions 21st century ; Developing countries Economic conditions 21st century
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: IntroductionThe crisis -- Questioning the growth strategies -- Openness and financial development -- Resilience -- Concluding thoughts.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 83
    ISBN: 0821380176 , 0821380192 , 9780821380178 , 9780821380192
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xlix, 311 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 337.1/729
    Schlagwort(e): Free trade ; Free trade ; Free trade ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy
    Kurzfassung: The main objective of this report is to help policymakers in the Caribbean design an agenda of policy actions to accelerate trade integration and growth, and to reduce poverty. Each part of the report focuses on a key question and provides an in-depth analysis of the issues raised, laying the foundations for policy recommendations described in the last chapter of the report. Part I asks whether the Caribbean's economic and trade system are sound enough to sustain the new era of its global trade relations. Part II addresses the opportunities and challenges that the new trade environment offers to the Caribbean. Part III assesses the impact of the recently-negotiated Economic Partnership Agreement on growth and poverty reduction using two types of macroeconomic models. The report concludes with policy priorities for accelerating Caribbean integration into the world economy and for reaping the benefits of global competition.--Publisher's description
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: pt. 1. Overview of economic and trade system context. Macroeconomic and structural constraints on trade reform in the CaribbeanCaribbean regional and global trading relations -- Trade patterns and flows, and competitiveness issues -- pt. 2. Challenges and new opportunities. New areas of opportunities and challenges -- Capitalizing on a changing international environment -- pt. 3. Quantifying the impact of trade reform on growth, job creation, and poverty. Quantifying the gains from global trade integration : a dynamic macroeconomic analysis -- From diagnosis to policy recommendations.
    Anmerkung: "Document of the World Bank and the Organization of American States, co-produced with the Governments of CARIFORUM Countries , Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-311)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 84
    ISBN: 0821379003 , 9780821379004
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (ix, 98 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Bank working paper no. 162
    DDC: 362.1094
    Schlagwort(e): Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Consumer Satisfaction ; Data Collection ; Health Services ; Quality of Life ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Key factors affecting satisfaction with life in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet UnionEmployment, sources of income, and the poor in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union -- Satisfaction with publicly-provided health services in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380486 , 9780821380482
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xvi, 222 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.951/132
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Beijing (China) ; Shanghai (China) ; Beijing (China) Economic policy ; Shanghai (China) Economic policy ; Beijing (China) Economic policy ; Shanghai (China) Economic policy
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction and overviewChina's development and its megacities -- Manufacturing industry: locomotive for innovation and growth -- Pitfalls of early deindustrialization -- Economic composition, resources, and the emerging innovation potentials in Beijing and Shanghai -- Making industries innovative.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821381261 , 082138127X , 9780821381267 , 9780821381274
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xii, 114 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Environment and development
    DDC: 363.738/74
    Schlagwort(e): Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The world bank and biodiversity conservation: a contribution to action for climate changeNatural ecosystems and mitigation -- Ecosystem-based adaptation: reducing vulnerability -- Biodiversity conservation and food, water, and livelihood security: emerging issues -- Implementing ecosystem-based approaches to climate change.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380869 , 0821381776 , 9780821380864 , 9780821381779
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (x, 36 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Bank working paper no. 174
    DDC: 363.325/16
    Schlagwort(e): Terrorism Finance ; Terrorism Prevention ; Terrorism Finance ; Terrorism Prevention
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: IntroductionValue card systems -- Mobile phone financial services -- Online banking and payment services -- Digital currency -- Conclusions.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-36)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 88
    ISBN: 0821381393 , 9780821381397
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xvi, 76 p) , ill., maps (some col.) , 25 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Bank working paper no. 177
    DDC: 332/.042
    Schlagwort(e): Emigrant remittances ; Finance ; Hondurans Finance ; Emigrant remittances ; Finance ; Hondurans Finance ; Honduras Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Honduras Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects
    Anmerkung: "On behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development , Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378304
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (434 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Development Indicators
    Kurzfassung: Looking for accurate, up-to-date data on development issues? 'World Development Indicators' is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. This indispensable statistical reference allows you to consult over 900 indicators for some 150 economies and 14 country groups in more than 80 tables. It provides a current overview of the most recent data available as well as important regional data and income group analysis in six thematic sections: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. World Development Indicators 2009 presents the most current and accurate development data on both a national level and aggregated globally. It allows you to monitor the progress made toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations. These goals, which focus on development and the elimination of poverty, serve as the agenda for international development efforts
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 90
    ISBN: 0821379194 , 0821379232 , 9780821379196 , 9780821379233
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxvii, 163 p) , ill., col. map , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Bank working paper no. 163
    DDC: 332/.042
    Schlagwort(e): Foreign workers Legal status, laws, etc ; Foreign workers, Haitian ; Foreign workers, Jamaican ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Foreign workers Legal status, laws, etc ; Foreign workers, Haitian ; Foreign workers, Jamaican ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances ; Migrant remittances
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378533
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (146 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Development Indicators
    Kurzfassung: The Little Data Book on External Debt provides a quick reference for users interested in external debt stocks and flows, major economic aggregates, key debt ratios, and the currency composition of long-term debt for all countries reporting through the Debtor Reporting system. A pocket edition of the Global Development Finance 2009, Volume II: Summary and Country Tables, it contains statistical tables for 135 countries as well as summary tables for regional and income groups
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378880 , 0821379437 , 9780821378885 , 9780821379431
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxii, 338 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.109172/4
    Schlagwort(e): Health services accessibility ; Medical care ; Public health ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care ; Public health ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developing Countries ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Services ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Health services accessibility ; Medical care ; Public health ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing Countries ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Services ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Review of strategies to strengthen health servicesReview of strategies to strengthen the performance of health organizations -- Review of strategies to improve health care provider performance -- Review of community empowerment strategies for health -- Analysis of cross-country changes in health services -- Institutional context of health services -- Evaluation of changes in health results in World Bank-assisted health projects -- Seven country case studies -- From evidence to learning and doing.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 93
    ISBN: 0821379968 , 0821379976 , 9780821379967 , 9780821379974
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (vi, 42 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Bank working paper no. 167
    DDC: 330
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Economic development ; Informal sector (Economics)
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
    ISBN: 0821381679 , 0821381687 , 9780821381670 , 9780821381687
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xiv, 106 p) , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: World Bank working paper no. 179
    DDC: 333.3/24
    Schlagwort(e): Petroleum Prospecting ; Petroleum industry and trade ; Petroleum Prospecting ; Petroleum industry and trade
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. [100]-106)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 95
    ISBN: 0821377205 , 0821377213 , 9780821377208 , 9780821377215
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xviii, 257 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Serie: Africa human development series
    DDC: 372.16096
    Schlagwort(e): Community organization ; Education Parent participation ; Education, Primary Aims and objectives ; Rural development projects ; School buildings Design and construction ; Community organization ; Education Parent participation ; Education, Primary Aims and objectives ; Rural development projects ; School buildings Design and construction ; Community organization ; Education ; Education, Primary ; Rural development projects ; School buildings
    Anmerkung: "Education For All Fast Track Initiative , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4809
    Paralleltitel: Urdapilleta, Eduardo Banking in Brazil
    Schlagwort(e): Banks and banking ; Banks and banking
    Kurzfassung: " The objective of this paper is to analyze the industry structure of banking services in Brazil in order to shed light on financial performance and its drivers at a disaggregated level. The study illustrates how differences across market segments - which tend to be averaged out in aggregate analysis - need to be taken into account when analyzing performance and designing public policy for the banking sector. In particular, retail banking is found to be less sensitive to price competition and to exhibit considerably higher returns than corporate banking. The authors identify and discuss the factors underlying revenues, costs, and risks in each market segment, and conclude with policy implications. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4813
    Paralleltitel: Lokshin, Michael Month of birth and children's health in India
    Schlagwort(e): Childbirth ; Children Health and hygiene ; Childbirth ; Children Health and hygiene
    Kurzfassung: "The authors use data from three waves of the India National Family Health Survey to explore the relationship between the month of birth and the health outcomes of young children in India. They find that children born during the monsoon months have lower anthropometric scores compared with children born during the fall and winter months. The authors propose and test four hypotheses that could explain such a correlation. The results emphasize the importance of seasonal variations in affecting environmental conditions at the time of birth and determining the health outcomes of young children in India. Policy interventions that affect these conditions could effectively impact the health and achievement of these children, in a manner similar to nutrition and micronutrient supplementation programs. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4816
    Paralleltitel: Ravallion, Martin The developing world's bulging (but vulnerable) "middle class
    Schlagwort(e): Middle class ; Middle class
    Kurzfassung: "The "developing world's middle class" is defined here as those who are not poor when judged by the median poverty line of developing countries, but are still poor by US standards. The "Western middle class" is defined as those who are not poor by US standards. Although barely 80 million people in the developing world entered the Western middle class over 1990-2002, economic growth and distributional shifts allowed an extra 1.2 billion people to join the developing world's middle class. Four-fifths came from Asia, and half from China. Most of the new entrants remained fairly close to poverty, with incomes now bunched up just above
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4819
    Paralleltitel: Mitra, Pradeep Convergence in institutions and market outcomes
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: "This paper uses firm-level data from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys to study the process of convergence of transition countries with developed market economies. The study focuses on competition and market structure, finance and the structure of lending to firms, and how firms respond to the economic environment by restructuring. The authors find substantial evidence of convergence in a number of dimensions. The pattern of growth at the country, sector, and firm levels shows rapid growth of the new private sector and of the micro and small-firm sectors, with the size distribution of firms moving toward the pattern observed in the surveys of developed market economies. In finance, increasing reliance on retained earnings in transition countries reflects a maturation of the sector as new firms come to rely less on informal and family sources of finance. The authors find evidence of an inverse-U pattern, with the peak of restructuring activity taking place in 2002, the middle of the period analyzed. Throughout, the regional patterns suggest greater convergence in the transition countries that joined the European Union in 2004 than in the other, lower-income transition economies. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Serie: Policy research working paper 4823
    Paralleltitel: Kenny, Charles Why do people die in earthquakes?
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquakes ; Earthquakes
    Kurzfassung: "Every year, around 60,000 people die worldwide in natural disasters. The majority of the deaths are caused by building collapse in earthquakes, and the great majority occurs in the developing world. This is despite the fact that engineering solutions exist that can almost completely eliminate the risk of such deaths. Why is this? The engineering solutions are both expensive and technically demanding, so that the benefit-cost ratio of such solutions is often unfavorable compared with other interventions designed to save lives in developing countries. Nonetheless, a range of public disaster risk-reduction interventions (including construction activities) are highly cost effective. The fact that such interventions often remain unimplemented or ineffectively executed points to a role for issues of political economy. Building regulations in developing countries appear to have limited impact in many cases, perhaps because of limited capacity and the impact of corruption. Public construction is often of low quality - perhaps for similar reasons. This suggests approaches that emphasize simple and limited disaster risk regulation covering only the most at-risk structures and that (preferably) can be monitored by non-experts. It also suggests a range of transparency and oversight mechanisms for public construction projects. "--World Bank web site
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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