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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (14)
  • Amaral, Alberto  (14)
  • Education  (14)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (14)
  • BSZ  (3)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9783030696917
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (245 p.)
    Keywords: Higher & further education, tertiary education ; Educational strategies & policy ; Education ; Politics & government
    Abstract: This book discusses and analyses global policies and practices aimed at promoting equity in higher education participation and attainment. Although the massification of higher education systems has facilitated the participation of students from deprived backgrounds, socioeconomic inequalities persist in access to the most prestigious institutions and programmes. Privileged students benefit from a number of advantages in the competition for selective and scarce places: access to information, lower aversion to debt, higher expectations, better previous schooling and higher academic achievement. The chapters present a critical analysis of equity policies in different countries – with or without affirmative action policies, within a context of neoliberal policies or within a social democratic model – and the reasons why they have failed to promote equity and fairness, preventing students from achieving their full educational potential. This is an open access book
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V
    ISBN: 9789400721357
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 427p. 43 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Keywords: Education, Higher ; History ; Education ; Education ; Education, Higher ; History
    Abstract: Alberto Amaral
    Abstract: A comprehensive, wide ranging and detailed account of the unfolding of higher education and higher education policy in Portugal from 1974 to 2009 by leading policy-makers and scholars, with the explicit purpose of showing how different disciplinary canons and perspectives contribute to the study of higher education and higher education policy including Law and Science Policy perspectives. Whilst focusing on one referential system, this book deals with current policy issues emerging in the wake of the post Bologna period. It also examines their long term historical origins in addition to the me
    Description / Table of Contents: Higher Education in Portugal 1974-2009; Preface; Contents; List of Contributors; About the Editors; About the Authors; Chapter 1: Introduction. On Exceptionalism: The Nation, a Generation and Higher Education, Portugal 1974-2009; Introduction; European Higher Education Policy as Eschatology; European Higher Education Policy as Ambition; European Higher Education Policy as Historical Paradox; A Watershed; New Vistas and Perspectives on Europe's Higher Education; Four Points in Justification; Time and Circumstance; The Place of Context and the Context of Place; Agendas: Inside and Outside
    Description / Table of Contents: PedagogyStructure and Rationale; Changes in European Higher Education Policy; Exceptionalism Shifting; Interlocking Developments; The Role of Convergence as a Policy Dynamic; Meaning Mutating; Plea for a Long-Term Perspective; Curious Analogues; A Generational Perspective; The Grand Narrative: An Unfashionable Genre; The Study of Higher Education: A Brief History; The Concept of 'System': A Seminal Point; 'Subject Parturition': A Constant Feature; Some Basic Dilemmas the Student of Higher Education Faces; Hubris; Portugal: Exception, Pioneer or Partner?; Techniques of Comparison
    Description / Table of Contents: … and Their CritiquePortugal as Pioneer: The Revolutionary Inheritance; First of the New or Last of the Old?; Thanks for the Memory; A Generation of Exception; Mobilising and the Mobilised; On the Road to Neoliberalism; Portuguese Perspectives on Neoliberalism; Anglo-Saxon Presumptions and Attitudes; The Tensions of Progress; Exquisite Dilemmas; Shift in Discourse as Handmaiden to Policy; Bonfire of the Vanities; A Rapid Flight over a Complex Terrain; Shaping the Nation; Shaping Higher Learning; Shaping the Institutional Fabric; Envoi; References; Part I: Shaping the Nation
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 2: National Identity and Higher Education: From the Origins till 1974National Identity, Nation, Nationalism; The Kingdom of Portugal in the Middle Ages and the Role of the Studium Generale; University During the Golden Age of Empire; The Enlightenment: Concerns of the Portuguese Nation and Its Educational Inertia; Higher Education in the Era of Nationalism; Educational Reform, Higher Education and the Republic; Higher Education, Authoritarian Nationalism and the New State; References; Chapter 3: University, Society and Politics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Revolution of 1974: How the Attempt to Create a 'Political University' FailedConstitution of 1976 and Its Contradictions in Education; Higher Education at the End of the Twentieth Century: The Change in Paradigm; Two in the Place of One; Under the Sign of Bologna; New Vocabulary, New Values, New Realities; Rankings, 'Faculty Strife' and the 'Cultural University'; A New Vision of the Political University?; References; Chapter 4: Cultural and Educational Heritage, Social Structure and Quality of Life; Introduction; Two Mathematical Concepts
    Description / Table of Contents: Economic Structure, Employment and Migration Movements
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 23, no. 1, p. 1-20
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1, p. 1-20
    Keywords: Education ; Brazil ; Portugal
    Abstract: Given that higher education systems everywhere have opened to the masses, this paper analyses to what extent this phenomenon has really been accompanied by an effective democratisation of access and success in Portugal and Brazil. It looks at the expansion of higher education and discusses how the political system and higher education institutions have responded to the need for better educated populations and increased demand for tertiary education. Equity of access is analysed by comparing the ratio of candidates from different socio-economic backgrounds to overall capacity. This indicates that the apparent democratisation of academic access is in fact only relative; on this basis, there are grounds for concern as disadvantaged social backgrounds seem to generate high rates of academic failure and dropout.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: There have been calls to increase the autonomy of higher education institutions in Europe for a number of years. They have been counterbalanced by demands for increasing accountability and a European quality assurance system. In London in 2007, the European ministers of education decided to implement a European register of accredited quality agencies, and defined standards for registration. Being part of the register requires “substantial compliance with all standards” instead of “full-compliance”. This might take into consideration the context of the national higher education system, the role of the agency in the quality assurance system, and even the national culture and traditions, allowing for different interpretations, some imprecision, and diverse degrees of flexibility and compliance. Indications from the United States suggest an emerging desire at the federal level to play a more visible role in regulating higher education through intervention in the accreditation system to ensure increased institutional accountability. This may have a parallel in the European situation. While in the United States the attempts at increased federal control have so far apparently failed, in Europe quality systems linked to higher education institutions were replaced with “independent” accrediting agencies. We analyse these changes and offer a possible interpretation for the differences on the two sides of the Atlantic. Accréditation supranationale, confiance et autonomie des établissements : Contrastes du développement de l’accréditation entre l’Europe et les États-Unis À l’échelon européen, certains soulignent depuis plusieurs années la nécessité de conférer une autonomie accrue aux établissements d’enseignement supérieur, alors même que d’autres exigent que ces derniers rendent davantage de comptes concernant leurs activités et leurs performances. À Londres en 2007, les ministres européens de l’éducation ont décidé la mise en place d’un registre européen où figureront les agences accréditées et où seront définies les normes auxquelles ces agences devront se plier pour être autorisées à y figurer. Les conditions à respecter pour pouvoir être inscrit au registre européen sont ainsi passées d’une « conformité totale à l’ensemble des normes » à une « large conformité ». L’interprétation de ces normes pourrait s’effectuer en tenant compte des spécificités propres à chaque système d’enseignement supérieur national, au rôle de chaque agence au sein du système d’assurance qualité, voire de la culture et des traditions nationales, laissant la voie ouverte à des divergences d’interprétation, à une certaine marge d’imprécision et à divers degrés de flexibilité et de conformité. Des indications provenant des États-Unis suggèrent l’émergence d’un souhait, au niveau fédéral, de jouer un rôle plus visible dans la régulation de l’enseignement supérieur, via l’intervention du système d’accréditation pour assurer un développement de la responsabilité institutionnelle. Cette tendance incite naturellement à établir un parallèle avec la situation observée en Europe. Tandis qu’aux États-Unis, les tentatives visant à renforcer le contrôle par les autorités fédérales semblent avoir échoué, en Europe, les systèmes de qualité liés aux établissements d’enseignement supérieur ont été remplacés par des agences d’accréditation « indépendantes ». Dans ce rapport, les auteurs proposent une analyse de ces changements et suggèrent une interprétation possible des différences existant des deux côtés de l’Atlantique.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Higher Education Dynamics 26
    Keywords: Education ; Education, Higher
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9781402089947
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (online resource)
    Series Statement: Higher Education Dynamics 24
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. From governance to identity
    Keywords: Education, Higher ; Education
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-14
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 15 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence, bien public et gouvernance institutionnelle : Analyses de l'expérience portugaise
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-14
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: The emergence of the market as a regulatory tool for the public sector and the promotion of competition among institutions are based upon the idea that they promote institutions’ responsiveness to society and a more efficient use of public funds. However, autonomous institutions forced to compete under market-like conditions may follow strategies aiming at “their own good”, especially when facing stringent financial conditions. This does not guarantee that the institutions’ strategic objectives will coincide or converge with the “public good” or with the government’s objectives. This opens the way for state intervention. In Portugal, the combined effect of the rapid expansion of the higher education system and the country’s decreasing birth rate has resulted in a situation where institutions compete strongly to attract students. This paper analyses the effect of this competition on the behaviour of both public and private institutions. It focuses on institutional policies for offering new study programmes and promoting the access of new students. It compares the behaviour of the public and private sectors to assess how far strong competition promotes similar attitudes from both sub-sectors, thus resulting in relaxing or even ignoring the pursuit of public good.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-15
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 16 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Market Competition, Public Good and Institutional Governance: Analyses of Portugal's Experience
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-15
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: L’avènement du marché en tant qu’instrument de régulation du secteur public et l’incitation des établissements à la concurrence reposent sur l’idée que ces phénomènes favorisent la réceptivité des établissements à la société et une utilisation plus efficace des fonds publics. Toutefois, des établissements autonomes contraints à entrer en concurrence dans des conditions de marché pourraient bien adopter des stratégies favorisant « leur propre intérêt », tout particulièrement dans un contexte de restrictions budgétaires. Cela ne garantit en rien que les objectifs stratégiques de ces établissements coïncideront avec ou convergeront vers le « bien public » ou les objectifs gouvernementaux, ce qui ouvre la voie à l’ingérence de l’État. Au Portugal, les effets combinés de l’expansion rapide du système d’enseignement supérieur et de la baisse du taux de natalité national ont conduit à une situation de forte concurrence pour attirer les étudiants. Cet article analyse les effets de cette concurrence sur le comportement des établissements publics et privés sous l’angle des politiques d’offre de nouveaux programmes d’études et de promotion de l’accès à de nouveaux étudiants adoptées par les établissements en question. Le comportement des secteurs public et privé est ensuite comparé de manière à vérifier dans quelle mesure une forte concurrence favorise une attitude convergente des deux sous-secteurs, aboutissant à un relâchement des efforts de poursuite du bien public, voire à une ignorance totale de ce dernier.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 18, no. 1, p. 105-120
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'internationalisation de l'enseignement supérieur portugais : Comment les établissements d'enseignement supérieur font face à ce nouveau défi
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 18, no. 1, p. 105-120
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: Portuguese internationalisation policies essentially intend to promote an attitude favouring participation in internationalisation activities. However, as higher education institutions are autonomous, those policies aim at creating opportunities for development and management of these activities instead of imposing them. In this article we attempt to analyse Portuguese HEI responses to internationalisation. After reviewing briefly the recent changes in national and EU policies aiming at promotion of higher education internationalisation, we present the results of six organisational case studies, conducted with the goal of obtaining an answer to the question: how are Portuguese higher education institutions facing the internationalisation challenge? Based on the internationalisation profiles of the six institutions selected, we identify which factors foster and which factors impede the development of international activities at the organisational level in the Portuguese higher education system. Simultaneously we analyse the rationale explaining the different patterns of international activity between and within institutions.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 18, no. 1, p. 119-136
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 18 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Internationalisation of Portuguese Higher Education: How are Higher Education Institutions Facing this New Challenge?
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 18, no. 1, p. 119-136
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: Les politiques portugaises d’internationalisation visent essentiellement à promouvoir une attitude favorable à la participation dans des activités d’internationalisation. Toutefois, étant donné que les établissements d’enseignement supérieur sont autonomes, ces politiques visent à créer des possibilités de développement et de gestion de ce type d’activité, et non à les imposer. Nous efforçons dans cet article d’analyser les réactions des établissements portugais d’enseignement supérieur face à l’internationalisation. Après avoir passé rapidement en revue les récentes modifications des politiques nationales et européennes, en faveur de la promotion de l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur, nous exposons les résultats de six études de cas d’organisations, menées en vue d’apporter une réponse à la question suivante : comment les établissements portugais d’enseignement supérieur font face aux problèmes de l’internationalisation ? En nous fondant sur les profils d’internationalisation des six établissements retenus, nous recensons quels sont les facteurs qui encouragent ou qui entravent le développement d’activités internationales au niveau de l’organisation du système portugais d’enseignement supérieur. Parallèlement, nous analysons les raisons qui expliquent différentes structures des activités internationales entre les établissements et au sein de ces derniers.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9781402034114 , 1402034113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (361 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Higher education dynamics Volume 8
    Series Statement: Higher education dynamics
    Parallel Title: Print version Reform and Change in Higher Education : Analysing Policy Implementation
    DDC: 379.1214
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Comparative Education ; Education and state ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Hochschulreform
    Abstract: This volume offers a comprehensive discussion of implementation analysis in higher education and an extensive review of relevant recent literature. Coverage analyzes the effective and specific complexities of the implementation of higher education policies in several countries, including: Australia, Austria, Finland, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
    Abstract: Starting from the now classical book by Ladislav Cerych and Paul Sabatier (1986), the editors present a critical appreciation of that initial work and a review and critical appraisal of current empirical policy research in higher education. In the second part, a set of chapters analyses the effective and specific complexities of the implementation of higher education policies in several countries, offering a wide variety of situations both in terms of duration of implementation, legal objectives, adequacy of causal theories underlying the reforms, adequacy of financial resources and degree of commitment of the main actors of the process. Some of these chapters use alternative theoretical frameworks developed since the 1986 Cerych and Sabatier theorization to interpret the empirical results, and some national cases do not fall within the scope of Cerych and Sabatier s analysis. The national case studies are: Australia (2), Austria, Finland, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, Sweden, the UK and the USA.
    Note: This book contains some of the contributions made to the 2003 Conference of the Consortium of Higher Education Researchers
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9781402028359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 355 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Higher Education Dynamics 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Management science. ; International education . ; Comparative education. ; Education. ; Economics. ; Education ; Comparative Education ; Economics
    Abstract: Markets in Higher Education: Do They Promote Internal Efficiency? -- Cost-Sharing and Equity in Higher Education: Implications of Income Contingent Loans -- Transparency and Quality in Higher Education Markets -- Regulation and Competition in Higher Education -- The Evaluation of Welfare Under Alternative Models of Higher Education Finance -- Higher Education Policy as Orthodoxy: Being One Tale of Doxological Drift, Political Intention and Changing Circumstances -- Market Coordination of Higher Education: The United States -- ‘Madly off in All Directions’: Higher Education, Marketisation and Canadian Federalism -- Australian Higher Education: National and Global Markets -- The Higher Education Market in the United Kingdom -- Rapid Expansion and Extensive Deregulation: The Development of Markets for Higher Education in the Netherlands -- Is There a Higher Education Market in Portugal? -- Higher Education and Markets in France -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This volume presents the most comprehensive international discussion of the role of markets in higher education ever published. It reflects on both the political and economic implications of the rising trend towards introducing market elements in higher education. The book draws together many leading international scholars in the economic and policy analysis of higher education to explore different theoretical perspectives and present new empirical evidence on market mechanisms in higher education in several Western countries. The authors present a dispassionate and ideologically neutral view of the advantages and disadvantages of the introduction of market-mechanisms in higher education and of its effects in terms of access, equity, quality of provision, student learning, research and scholarship, and so on. And they balance the performance of markets in higher education against the alternative of more, or a different kind of, governmental intervention.
    Note: Contains edited versions of papers presented at a seminar "Markets in Higher Education", held as the 3rd of the Douro Seminars of Higher Education Research , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401000727
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Higher Education Dynamics 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Industrial management ; Education ; Economic policy ; Management.
    Abstract: This book offers a unique comparative analysis of the emergence of managerialism in eleven different countries. It examines the response and adaptation of higher education institutions to their external environments. The authors address the key question of how changes in management thinking and practice are affecting internal institutional dynamics in different countries. They share a common view that managerialism as an ideology has not imposed a single, convergent model of behaviour on higher education systems and their institutions. Governments have espoused managerialism, whether as ideology or as practice, to differing degrees and institutions have responded in very different ways largely influenced by their historical, economic, social and cultural backgrounds. The Higher Education Managerial Revolution? is relevant to scholars and students of higher education as well as to institutional managers, government officials, university administrators and university board members
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401599467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXI, 299 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Higher Education Dynamics 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Industrial management ; Higher education. ; Education, Higher ; Political science. ; Management. ; Sociology. ; School management and organization. ; School administration.
    Abstract: The most comprehensive international discussion of higher education governance ever published, this volume presents a critical analysis of governance issues and reforms in nine countries, including Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The authors share a common view that higher education governance has become an important issue as systems and institutions struggle to deal with new external and internal demands, but each chapter presents a unique perspective in the analysis of national systems and recent reforms. The book draws together many of the leading international scholars in higher education to explore different theoretical perspectives and present new empirical evidence on system and institutional governance issues. In the concluding chapter, the common things emerging from these national perspectives are presented and analysed, and an agenda for future research is discussed
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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