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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (357)
  • Germany
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reaching Climate Neutrality for the Hamburg Economy by 2040 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264613249 , 9789264719736 , 9789264485068
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Germany
    Abstract: Reaching climate neutrality requires economic transformations of unprecedented scale and speed. Immediate action from the business community can avoid unnecessary costs, create wellbeing co-benefits and prepare local businesses with a better competitive position in the future climate neutral economy. This report shows what reaching climate neutrality by 2040 means for Hamburg businesses and identifies key actions they need to undertake. It provides insights where the Hamburg economy and its businesses stand on the way to climate neutrality and on their needs to advance, drawing on a business survey. The study also shares insights from action plans of selected comparison cities. It points to cross-sector as well as to sector-specific challenges and opportunities for Hamburg businesses. This includes making better use of low-cost renewables, addressing energy efficiency in buildings as well as challenges and opportunities in activities in and around the port and in industry. It highlights Hamburg's potential as a hydrogen hub as well as the need to adopt circular economy practices. It illustrates that a regional and business perspective are necessary to achieve climate neutrality in prosperity, requiring individual and collective business action.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1e44672-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Europe : Insights from France, Germany and Poland (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264478763 , 9789264872738 , 9789264489943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Datensicherheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; IT-Kriminalität ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; France ; Germany ; Poland
    Abstract: In an increasingly digital world, the significance of cyber security for individuals, businesses, and governments has never been greater. Rising cyber attacks are challenging current defence and operational capabilities, highlighting a critical shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the demand for cyber security expertise by analysing online job postings in France, Germany and Poland in between 2018 and 2023. It examines trends in the demand for cyber security professionals, the geographical distribution of job opportunities, and the changing skill requirements in this field. Focusing on France, the report also explores cyber security education and training programmes, the characteristics of the programmes, the demographics of enrolled learners, and their outcomes. Additionally, it reviews French policies and initiatives aimed at broadening the cyber security workforce and enhancing educational opportunities in this field. This comprehensive analysis is part of a larger effort to understand the evolving landscape of cyber security policies and professional experiences worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1787/3673cd60-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Länderprofile Krebs: Deutschland 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264533226
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Germany 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Amtliche Publikation ; Statistik
    Abstract: Mit den Länderprofilen Krebs werden in Bezug auf die 27 EU-Mitgliedstaaten sowie Island und Norwegen Stärken, Herausforderungen und spezifische Maßnahmenbereiche aufgezeigt, die als Richtschnur für Investitionen und Interventionen auf EU-, nationaler und regionaler Ebene im Rahmen von Europas Plan gegen den Krebs dienen können. Jedes Länder-Krebs-Profil bietet eine kurze Synthese von: der nationalen Krebsbelastung, den Risikofaktoren für Krebs (wobei der Schwerpunkt auf verhaltensbedingten und umweltbedingten Risikofaktoren liegt) ; den Früherkennungsprogrammen ; den Leistungen der Krebsversorgung (wobei der Schwerpunkt auf Zugänglichkeit, Versorgungsqualität, Kosten und den Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf die Krebsversorgung lieg).
    DOI: 10.1787/435ea60e-de
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nordic Lessons for an Inclusive Recovery? Responses to the Impact of COVID-19 on the Labour Market (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264608245 , 9789264750579 , 9789264651715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Coronavirus ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Nordeuropa ; Employment ; Denmark ; Finland ; Iceland ; Norway ; Sweden
    Abstract: This report examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Nordic labour markets and the associated policy responses undertaken in the areas of unemployment benefits, job retention schemes, active labour market policies and skill development policies. The report discusses the details of these policy measures across Nordic countries and draws out the main lessons learned from their response to the crisis. Finally, the report provides a set of key recommendations in each policy area to enable Nordic countries to build more inclusive and resilient labour markets in the post-pandemic period.
    DOI: 10.1787/2aa7bcc1-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reshaping Decentralised Development Co-operation in Germany (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264395183 , 9789264978065 , 9789264908420
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Urban Studies
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Dezentralisierung ; Deutschland ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: German federal states and municipalities have engaged in decentralised development co-operation (DDC) since the 1950s. Germany provides over half of total official development assistance (ODA) in the world that is channelled as DDC. However, most of this support remains within German borders. To incentivise further international partnerships, the federal government has established dedicated programmes and financial support schemes for states and municipalities. This report presents key data on the DDC landscape in Germany and offers guidance on how to strengthen its role in enabling peer-to-peer learning and improve collaboration between German states and municipalities. It also showcases how to further raise awareness about the mutual benefits of DDC partnerships, including through better ODA data reporting and a harmonised approach to monitoring and evaluating its results across levels of government.
    DOI: 10.1787/afedb776-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Germany 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264596863 , 9789264665897 , 9789264369009
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Umweltprüfberichte: Deutschland 2023
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Deutschland ; Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Germany
    Abstract: Germany has continued to improve its environmental performance over the past decade. It has ambitious climate targets with the aim to reach climate neutrality by 2045 and achieve negative emissions after 2050. Nevertheless, Germany will need to further accelerate climate action, particularly in the buildings and transport sectors, and address the triple crisis of energy, climate and biodiversity in an integrated and holistic manner. As part of its energy crisis response, Germany has taken a series of measures, which are historic in size and scope. They are set to massively accelerate its green energy transition in the coming years. It is also scaling up its engagement on climate change adaptation across all government levels and has initiated an ambitious programme to foster investments in nature-based solutions. This is the fourth OECD Environmental Performance Review of Germany. It provides 28 recommendations to help Germany further improve its environmental performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/f26da7da-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    Assessing and Anticipating Skills for the Green Transition : Unlocking Talent for a Sustainable Future (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264621640 , 9789264982536 , 9789264838819
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Keywords: Fachkräfte ; Qualifikation ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Bildungspolitik ; Australien ; Österreich ; Frankreich ; Norwegen ; Schweden ; Education ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; France ; Norway ; Sweden
    Abstract: Policies aimed at reducing the environmental impact of human activities have important consequences for labour markets, jobs, and skills. As employment is shifting towards more sustainable activities, workers are increasingly expected to have skills that support the transition to a greener economy. Assessing and anticipating emerging skill needs is crucial to avoid bottlenecks and sustain the green transition. This report sheds light on existing methods to measure changes in skill demand and supply related to the green transition through an in-depth review of practices in five OECD countries (Australia, Austria, France, Norway and Sweden). It also identifies best practice on how to feed information on changing skill needs into policies, notably in the areas of employment, career guidance, education and adult learning.
    DOI: 10.1787/28fa0bb5-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    EU Country Cancer Profile: Norway 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264640443
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Landprofil om kreft: Norge 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Norwegen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Norway as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/0fcf5d28-en
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  • 9
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    The impact of AI on the workplace: Main findings from the OECD AI surveys of employers and workers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.288
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Austria ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: New OECD surveys of employers and workers in the manufacturing and finance sectors of seven countries shed new light on the impact that Artificial Intelligence has on the workplace —an under-researched area to date due to lack of data. The findings suggest that both workers and their employers are generally very positive about the impact of AI on performance and working conditions. However, there are also concerns, including about job loss—an issue that should be closely monitored. The surveys also indicate that, while many workers trust their employers when it comes to the implementation of AI in the workplace, more can be done to improve trust. In particular, the surveys show that both training and worker consultation are associated with better outcomes for workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea0a0fe1-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A territorial approach to the Sustainable Development Goals in Rhine-Neckar, Germany (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.40
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; Rhein-Neckar-Gebiet ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: To achieve its vision to become one of the most attractive and competitive regions in Europe by 2025, the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region put in place eleven fields of action that promote sustainability across policy areas, such as sustainable and needs-based mobility, regional innovation promotion, regional energy transition and education of the future. This report offers guidance on how the metropolitan region could harness the SDGs as an integrated framework to address its main challenges, including climate change, the impacts of digitalisation on the labour market, territorial disparities among urban and rural areas as well as the co-ordination of actors and policies across three different federal states, notably on funding.
    DOI: 10.1787/7705cc09-en
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  • 11
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    The Road to LGBTI+ Inclusion in Germany : Progress at the Federal and Länder Levels (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264946477
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Homosexualität ; Geschlecht ; Gleichstellungspolitik ; Soziale Integration ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Germany
    Abstract: This report is the first country review undertaken as part of the OECD work on LGBTI+ inclusion. It explores legal and policy progress towards LGBTI+ equality in Germany at both the national and subnational levels, and identifies good practices. The report first investigates the life situation of LGBTI+ Germans by presenting the most up-to-date data on the share of Germans who self-identify as LGBTI+, evaluating the extent to which LGBTI+ Germans face discrimination and violence, and assessing how this population fares in terms of well-being, mental and physical health. The report then examines whether laws critical to achieving LGBTI+ equality have been passed and how LGBTI+ equality in Germany could be further improved through legislation. Finally, beyond laws, the report focuses on policy achievements towards LGBTI+ equality, by distinguishing between remedial policies, aimed at enforcing antidiscrimination and anti-violence laws, and preventive policies, aimed at fostering a culture of equal treatment of LGBTI+ individuals at school, in the workplace, and in healthcare.
    DOI: 10.1787/977b463a-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
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    Exploring Norway's Fertility, Work, and Family Policy Trends (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264591424 , 9789264431911 , 9789264648630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Fertilität ; Familienpolitik ; Familie-Beruf ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Norwegen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway
    Abstract: Like other Nordic countries Norway has been investing heavily in family policy to enable combining work and family life. Nevertheless, between 2009 and 2022 the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Norway dropped from 2 children to 1.4 children per woman. What is happening, and why? Can Norwegian parents still reconcile work and family commitments? What role do demographic trends play for the future of the Norwegian society? Should we worry? These are some of the questions that this study addresses. It illustrates various aspects of fertility trends, as well as changes in the Norwegian labour market as well as in Norway’s comprehensive system of public family support. The study also looks at social attitudes and how these might be affecting family formation and fertility trends. The final chapter projects demographic, economic, fiscal and social outcomes under different fertility trend scenarios.
    DOI: 10.1787/f0c7bddf-en
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  • 13
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    The demand for language skills in the European labour market : Evidence from online job vacancies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.294
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Croatia ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Netherlands ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper investigates the demand for language skills using data on online job vacancies in 27 European Union member countries and the United Kingdom in 2021. Evidence indicates that although Europe remains a linguistically diverse labour market, knowing English confers unique advantages in certain occupations. Across countries included in the analyses, a knowledge of English was explicitly required in 22% of all vacancies and English was the sixth most required skill overall. A knowledge of German, Spanish, French and Mandarin Chinese was explicitly demanded in between 1% and 2% of all vacancies. One in two positions advertised on line for managers or professionals required some knowledge of English, on average across European Union member countries and across OECD countries in the sample. This compares with only one in ten positions for skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers and among elementary occupations.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1a5abe0-en
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  • 14
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    The adoption of innovation in international development organisations : Lessons for development co-operation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.112
    Keywords: Entwicklungsorganisation ; Innovationsakzeptanz ; Development ; France ; Germany ; Korea, Republic of ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Addressing 21st century development challenges requires investments in innovation, including the use of new approaches and technologies. Currently, many development organisations prioritise investments in isolated innovation pilots that leverage a specific approach or technology rather than pursuing a strategic approach to expand the organisation’s toolbox with innovations that have proven their comparative advantage over what is currently used. This Working Paper addresses this challenge of adopting innovations. How can development organisations institutionalise a new way of working, bringing what was once novel to the core of how business is done? Analysing successful adoption efforts across five DAC agencies, the paper lays out a proposed process for the adoption of innovations. The paper features five case-studies and concludes with a set of lessons and recommendations for policy makers on innovation management generally, and adoption of innovation in particular.
    DOI: 10.1787/21f63c69-en
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  • 15
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    Reaching net zero while safeguarding competitiveness and social cohesion in Germany (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1768
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: Germany intends to reach climate neutrality in 2045, tripling the speed of emission reductions that was achieved between 1990 and 2019. Soaring energy prices and the need to replace Russian energy imports have amplified the urgency to act. Various policy adjustments are needed to ensure implementation and achieve the transition to net zero cost-effectively. Lengthy planning and approval procedures risk slowing the expansion of renewables, while fossil fuel subsidies and generous tax exemptions limit the effectiveness of environmental policies. Germany should continue to rely on carbon pricing as a keystone of its mitigation strategy and aim to harmonise prices across sectors and make them more predictable. Carbon prices will be more effective if complemented by well-designed sectoral regulations and subsidies, especially for boosting green R&D, expanding sustainable transport and electricity network infrastructure, and decarbonising the housing sector. Subsidies for mature technologies and specific industries should be gradually phased out. Using carbon tax revenue to compensate low-income households and improve the quality of active labour market policies would help to support growth and ensure that the transition does not weaken social cohesion.
    DOI: 10.1787/5bf13192-en
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  • 16
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    Not lost in translation : The implications of machine translation technologies for language professionals and for broader society (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.291
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; New Zealand ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper discusses the implications of recent advances in artificial intelligence for knowledge workers, focusing on possible complementarities and substitution between machine translation tools and language professionals. The emergence of machine translation tools could enhance social welfare through enhanced opportunities for inter-language communication but also create new threats because of persisting low levels of accuracy and quality in the translation output. The paper uses data on online job vacancies to map the evolution of the demand for language professionals between 2015 and 2019 in 10 countries and illustrates the set of skills that are considered important by employers seeking to hire language professionals through job vacancies posted on line.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1d1d170-en
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  • 17
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Germany 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264843240
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Länderprofile Krebs: Deutschland 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Germany as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/fcc8586e-en
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  • 18
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    Landprofil om kreft: Norge 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264330184
    Language: Norwegian (Nynorsk)
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Norway 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway
    Abstract: Landprofilene peker på styrker, utfordringer og områder med behov for handling i de 27 medlemslandene i EU samt Island og Norge, som en veileder for investeringer og helsepolitiske tiltak på EU-plan, nasjonalt plan og regionalt plan. Hver landskreftprofil gir en kort syntese av: den nasjonale kreftbyrden; risikofaktorer for kreft (med fokus på atferds- og miljørisikofaktorer); programmer for tidlig oppdagelse; ytelse ved kreftomsorg (med fokus på tilgjengelighet, omsorgskvalitet, kostnader og virkningen av COVID-19 på kreftomsorg).
    DOI: 10.1787/4d518a06-no
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  • 19
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    OECD-Umweltprüfberichte: Deutschland 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264703315 , 9789264929364 , 9789264583337
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD-Umweltprüfberichte
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Germany 2023
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Deutschland ; Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Germany
    Abstract: Die Umweltergebnisse haben sich in Deutschland in den vergangenen zehn Jahren weiter verbessert. Das Land verfolgt ehrgeizige Klimaziele, um bis 2045 Klimaneutralität und nach 2050 Negativemissionen zu erreichen. Dennoch muss Deutschland seine Klimamaßnahmen vor allem im Gebäude- und im Verkehrssektor weiter beschleunigen und sich ganzheitlich mit der Energie-, Klima- und Biodiversitätskrise auseinandersetzen. Als Reaktion auf die Energiekrise wurde eine Reihe von Maßnahmen ergriffen, deren Größenordnung und Reichweite historisch sind. Diese dürften die Energiewende in den kommenden Jahren deutlich schneller voranbringen. Außerdem verstärkt Deutschland sein Engagement in der Klimaanpassung auf allen staatlichen Ebenen und hat ein ehrgeiziges Förderprogramm für Investitionen in naturbasierte Lösungen aufgelegt. Dies ist die vierte Ausgabe des OECD-Umweltprüfberichts Deutschland. Er enthält 28 Empfehlungen, die Deutschland helfen sollen, seine Umweltergebnisse weiter zu verbessern.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a336992-de
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  • 20
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    Unlocking the potential of teleworking to address labour shortages in the Ems-Achse, Germany (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/18
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Germany
    Abstract: In the north-western corner of Germany, the Ems-Achse, a rural region, has witnessed a decade of economic growth. This growth has exacerbated labour shortages, primarily due to an aging population and the outmigration of youth. Acknowledging the potential of teleworking, regional stakeholders aim to explore its capacity to address labour gaps and attract a broader talent pool. This paper delves into three main dimensions for harnessing teleworking's potential: activating individuals who are not currently seeking employment, expanding the talent pool to include surrounding areas, and attracting workers from congested urban areas or overseas. To facilitate successful teleworking, the region can bolster its high-speed internet infrastructure, promote a culture of flexibility in management and nurture digital skills. Additionally, increasing opportunities for higher education, improving public transportation and enhancing international accessibility could help profile the Ems-Achse as an attractive hub for teleworkers.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea8dc114-en
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  • 21
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    Bricks, Taxes and Spending : Solutions for Housing Equity across Levels of Government (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264464940 , 9789264449527 , 9789264980433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Keywords: Wohneigentum ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Grundsteuer ; Einkommensverteilung ; Südkorea ; Norwegen ; USA ; Belgien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Governance ; Belgium ; Korea, Republic of ; Norway ; United States
    Abstract: This report addresses housing inequities through a series of analytical chapters and case studies. The cross-country chapters examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on housing demand, develop a proposal for a green land value tax, evaluate the dynamics between fiscal autonomy and housing supply responsiveness, as well as explore the drivers of inter-regional migration. The case studies unravel the changes of Korea's progressive national property tax and a programme to address regional imbalances, assess the impact of the US property tax system on housing, dive into Norway's property taxation in relation to inequality, as well as survey Belgium's approaches to housing policy. With a blend of empirical data and critical analysis, the report underscores the pressing need for comprehensive strategies in addressing housing inequities. It also offers insights for policymakers and scholars, highlighting the complex balance between national and local housing policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a22f9a6-en
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  • 22
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    The cost of job loss in carbon-intensive sectors: Evidence from Germany (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1774
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Germany
    Abstract: The green transformation of the economy is expected to lead to a sharp reduction in employment in carbon-intensive industries. For designing policies to support displaced workers, it is crucial to better understand the cost of job loss, whether there are specific effects of being displaced from a carbon-intensive sector and which workers are most at risk. By using German administrative labour market data and focusing on mass layoff events, we estimate the cost of involuntary job displacement for workers in high carbon-intensity sectors and compare it with the displacement costs for workers in low carbon-intensity sectors. We find that displaced workers from high carbon-intensity sectors have, on average, higher earnings losses and face stronger difficulties in finding a new job and recovering their earnings. Our results indicate that this is mainly due to human capital specificity, the regional clustering of carbon-intensive activities and higher wage premia in carbon-intensive firms. Workers displaced in high carbon-intensity sectors are older, face higher local labour market concentration and have fewer outside options for finding jobs with similar skill requirements. They have a higher probability to switch occupations and sectors, move to occupations that are more different in terms of skill requirements compared to the pre-displacement job, and are more likely to change workplace districts after displacement. Women, older workers and those with vocational degrees as well as workers in East Germany, experience particularly high costs in case they are displaced from high carbon-intensity sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/6f636d3b-en
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  • 23
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    Germany: Country Health Profile 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264898615
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Deutschland: Ländergesundheitsprofil 2023
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Germany, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Germany; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the German healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Germany. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/21dd4679-en
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  • 24
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    Norway: Country Health Profile 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264956353
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Mental Health ; Norwegen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Norway, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Norway; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Norwegian healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Norway. This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/256fd7cf-en
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  • 25
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    Mit Telearbeit gegen den Arbeitskräftemangel in der Ems-Achse (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Unlocking the potential of teleworking to address labour shortages in the Ems-Achse, Germany
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Die Ems-Achse, eine ländliche Region im Nordwesten Deutschlands, kann auf ein Jahrzehnt des Wirtschaftswachstums zurückblicken. Mit dem Wachstum hat sich jedoch der Arbeitskräftemangel in der Region verschärft, insbesondere aufgrund einer alternden Bevölkerung und der Abwanderung junger Menschen. Viele regionale Akteur*innen haben das Potenzial von Telearbeit erkannt und wollen nun ausloten, inwieweit sich dem Arbeitskräftemangel mit Telearbeit begegnen lässt, und ein breiteres Spektrum qualifizierter Personen angelockt werden kann. Dieses Policy Paper untersucht drei Kernaspekte: Das Potenzial von Telearbeit, 1.) Menschen zu aktivieren, die derzeit nicht auf Stellensuche sind; 2.) den Talentpool auf umliegende Gebiete auszuweiten; und 3.) Arbeitskräfte aus Ballungsgebieten oder aus dem Ausland anzuwerben. Um Telearbeit erfolgreich zu machen, sollte die Region das Hochgeschwindigkeitsinternet ausbauen, für eine Kultur der Flexibilität in der Teamführung sorgen und digitale Kompetenzen fördern. Um die Ems-Achse als attraktiven Standort für Telearbeiter zu etablieren, ist es zudem wichtig, die Möglichkeiten für höhere Bildung zu verbessern, öffentliche Verkehrsangebote auszubauen und den Zugang für internationale Arbeitskräfte zum regionalen Arbeitsmarkt zu verbessern.
    DOI: 10.1787/957da91f-de
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  • 26
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Allemagne 2023 (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264979178 , 9789264661448 , 9789264880733
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Germany 2023
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Umweltprüfberichte: Deutschland 2023
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Germany
    Abstract: L'Allemagne a continué à améliorer ses performances environnementales au cours de la dernière décennie. Elle s'est fixée des objectifs climatiques ambitieux visant à atteindre la neutralité climatique d'ici 2045 et à parvenir à des émissions négatives après 2050. Toutefois, l'Allemagne devra accélérer encore son action climatique, en particulier dans les secteurs du bâtiment et des transports. La triple crise de l'énergie, du climat et de la biodiversité appelle des solutions intégrées et systémiques. En réponse à la crise énergétique, l’Allemagne a pris une série de mesures d’une ampleur historique. Celles-ci devraient accélérer massivement sa transition vers l'énergie verte au cours des années à venir. L’Allemagne renforce également son engagement en faveur de l’adaptation au changement climatique à tous les niveaux de gouvernement, et a lancé un programme ambitieux visant à encourager les investissements dans des solutions fondées sur la nature. Il s’agit du quatrième Examen environnemental de l’Allemagne. Il propose 28 recommandations pour aider l’Allemagne à améliorer ses performances environnementales. La présente version abrégée contient le résumé, de même que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport. Le rapport complet est disponible en anglais et en allemand sur le site Internet de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/5e93ec55-fr
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  • 27
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    Deutschland: Ländergesundheitsprofil 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264566279
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Germany: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: Dieses Profil bietet einen prägnanten und auf die Gesundheitspolitik ausgerichteten Überblick über den Gesundheitszustand und das Gesundheitssystem in Deutschland als Teil der umfassenderen Serie von Ländergesundheitsprofilen im Rahmen der Initiative ""State of Health in the EU"". Es präsentiert eine eindeutige Analyse, die folgende Schlüsselaspekte umfasst: den aktuellen Gesundheitszustand in Deutschland; die Determinanten der Gesundheit, mit Schwerpunkt auf Verhaltensrisikofaktoren; die Organisation des deutschen Gesundheitssystems; und eine Bewertung der Effektivität, Zugänglichkeit und Resilienz des Gesundheitssystems. Darüber hinaus enthält die Ausgabe von 2023 einen thematischen Abschnitt zum Stand der psychischen Gesundheit und der zugehörigen Leistungen in Deutschland. Dieses Profil ist das Ergebnis gemeinsamer Arbeit der OECD und des Europäischen Observatoriums für Gesundheitssysteme und -politiken, in Zusammenarbeit mit der Europäischen Kommission.
    DOI: 10.1787/7fd88e75-de
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  • 28
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    Holistic refugee and newcomer education in Europe : Mapping, upscaling and institutionalising promising practices from Germany, Greece and the Netherlands (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.264
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Soziale Integration ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Deutschland ; Griechenland ; Niederlande ; Education ; Germany ; Greece ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Education is one of the most important fields to promote the integration of refugee and newcomer children and youths in host countries. However, holistic education for refugee and newcomers has so far not been established into mainstream education systems in European countries. Projects and pilot programmes have developed across Europe to test holistic approaches. Some of them have started very recently as a response to the arrival of high numbers of refugees and newcomers, while others have been established for a longer period and have started to expand. This paper first provides an overview of key research gaps in refugee education. It then provides a mapping of promising holistic education practices in Europe, with a focus on Germany, Greece and the Netherlands. Based on this, the paper explores key conditions to upscale and institutionalise promising practices of holistic refugee and newcomer education.
    DOI: 10.1787/9ea58c54-en
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  • 29
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    Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions in Norway (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264553828 , 9789264487444 , 9789264625075
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Vertrauen ; Öffentliche Einrichtung ; Norwegen ; Governance ; Norway
    Abstract: Trust in public institutions is a cornerstone of the Norwegian administrative and political model. It has also been a crucial element in Norway’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Preserving and strengthening this “trust capital” will be essential for Norway in addressing future trade-offs and challenges, such as ensuring the sustainability of the welfare model, coping with climate change and maintaining social cohesion. Based on the results of the OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions and using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, this study examines the main determinants of trust in Norway’s national government, local government and public administration.
    DOI: 10.1787/81b01318-en
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  • 30
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    Career Guidance for Low-Qualified Workers in Germany (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264792906
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Keywords: Berufsberatung ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Karriereplanung ; Berlin ; Nordrhein-Westfalen ; Education ; Employment ; Germany
    Abstract: In Germany, the three ‘Ds’ – Digitalisation, Decarbonisation and Demographic change – are dominating the headlines. Countless studies analyse the impact of these megatrends on the world of work and document how job profiles are changing. The growing demand for high-level cognitive skills and complex social interaction skills is challenging particularly low-qualified workers. In response to these trends, many countries have developed career guidance programmes to support individuals and companies in navigating career options and sustainable job transitions. However, low-qualified workers are less likely to receive career guidance than those with higher qualifications and even those who are unemployed due to a range of multi-layered and interconnected barriers. The report first gives an overview of career guidance provision at the federal level in Germany and then describes career guidance needs and provision in the states of Berlin and North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). It reviews the support that low-qualified workers have access to, where learnings could serve in other regions and at the national level and provides recommendations on how provision for this group can be strengthened.
    DOI: 10.1787/5e6af8da-en
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  • 31
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    Wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung und der EU-Rahmen für staatliche Beihilfen : Auswirkungen auf den öffentlichen Hochschulsektor in Brandenburg (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264471580 , 9789264583504 , 9789264476516
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Continuing Education and Training and the EU Framework on State Aid: Implications for the Public Higher Education Sector in Brandenburg
    Keywords: Hochschulfinanzierung ; EU-Beihilferecht ; Brandenburg ; Education ; Germany
    Abstract: Eine alternde Bevölkerung und ein steigender Bedarf an Kompetenzen verstärken die Erwartungen, dass die Hochschulen Weiterbildungsangebote für Erwachsene, die ihre Qualifikationen auf einem höheren Niveau erneuern oder erweitern wollen, ausbauen werden. Weiterbildung wird auch in Deutschland und insbesondere im Land Brandenburg immer wichtiger, um den Bestand an hochqualifizierten Arbeitskräften zu erhalten. Die öffentlichen Hochschuleinrichtungen in Brandenburg tragen bislang jedoch nur vergleichsweise wenig dazu bei. Um ihr Angebot an wissenschaftlicher Weiterbildung zu erweitern, bräuchten diese Einrichtungen mehr Rechtssicherheit bei der Verwendung öffentlicher Mittel angesichts der politischen Vorgaben der Europäischen Union (EU) zu staatlichen Beihilfen. Die EU-Beihilfepolitik gewährleistet, dass öffentliche Subventionen (staatliche Beihilfen) von staatlichen Stellen nicht zur Verdrängung anderer Akteure (wirtschaftlicher Tätigkeiten) von den Märkten verwendet werden. Es gibt keine klaren Vorgaben auf EU-, Bundes- oder Landesebene dazu, ob Weiterbildung eine nicht-wirtschaftliche Tätigkeit darstellt und somit von den EU-Beihilfevorschriften ausgenommen ist. Der vorliegende Bericht analysiert die rechtlichen Grundlagen und gibt Empfehlungen an die Landesregierung und öffentliche Hochschuleinrichtungen in Brandenburg dazu, wie sich der Status der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung als staatlich geförderte Tätigkeit klären lässt. Darüber hinaus werden Hinweise für die Auslegung und künftige Reform des EU-Beihilferahmens gegeben und Impulse für politisches Handeln auch in anderen deutschen Bundesländern und auf Bundesebene gesetzt.
    DOI: 10.1787/5d8eeb73-de
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  • 32
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Norvège 2022 (version abrégée) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264793170 , 9789264811393 , 9789264850569
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Norway 2022
    Keywords: Energy ; Development ; Environment ; Governance ; Norway
    Abstract: La Norvège a accompli des progrès sur la voie de la croissance verte au cours de la dernière décennie. Le pays est aux avant-postes dans de nombreux domaines environnementaux et investit massivement dans le développement technologique et l'innovation pour soutenir sa transition verte. À l’échelle nationale, la Norvège s’est fixé des objectifs environnementaux ambitieux dans tous les secteurs, y compris dans la lutte contre le changement climatique. Le pays a pour ambition d’atteindre la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2030. Bien qu’il ne soit pas membre de l'Union européenne, le pays s’est employé à aligner son action sur de nombreux règlements et objectifs de l'UE, parfois même de manière plus stricte que les États membres. Toutefois, malgré ses avancées, la Norvège reste confrontée à de multiples défis, notamment en ce qui concerne sa transition vers des modes durables de consommation de même que sur le sujet de la protection de la biodiversité. Le rapport formule 30 recommandations adaptées à la Norvège pour lui permettre d’améliorer ses performances environnementales, notamment dans le domaine de la gestion de l’aménagement du territoire et de la biodiversité. Avec ce quatrième Examen environnemental de la Norvège, l’OCDE propose une évaluation indépendante, fondée sur des données factuelles, des performances environnementales du pays sur la dernière décennie. Cette version abrégée reprend le résumé, l'évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport publié ainsi que l’annexe avec les mesures prises pour mettre en œuvre certaines recommandations de l’Examen environnemental de la Norvège publié par l’OCDE en 2011. Le premier chapitre résume les principales tendances environnementales et évalue l’efficacité environnementale et l’efficience économique de la panoplie de mesures – budgétaires, économiques, réglementaires et volontaires – mises en place. Le deuxième chapitre propose une analyse approfondie de la gestion de l’aménagement du territoire et de la biodiversité en Norvège. Le rapport complet est disponible en version anglaise sur le site internet de l'OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/d69a2325-fr
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  • 33
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    Comment les systèmes d’éducation et de formation professionnelles (EFP) peuvent soutenir l’Ukraine : Enseignements tirés des crises passées (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How vocational education and training (VET) systems can support Ukraine: Lessons from past crises
    Keywords: Education ; Germany ; Ukraine
    Abstract: La guerre menée par la Russie contre l’Ukraine est à l’origine de la plus grave crise humanitaire dans la zone OCDE depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, portant préjudice à des millions de personnes et provoquant un choc économique, social et éducatif majeur dont la durée et l’ampleur restent incertaines. Cette note examine comment les systèmes d’éducation et de formation professionnelles (EFP) dans les pays d’accueil peuvent devenir plus inclusifs et accompagner les Ukrainiens déplacés à la suite de la guerre menée par la Russie. Elle s’appuie pour cela sur les travaux de l’OCDE relatifs à l’offre d’EFP pour les jeunes réfugiés, sur une analyse de l’EFP en Ukraine, et sur les premières mesures prises par les pouvoirs publics face à la crise actuelle. L’Ukraine dispose d’une offre étoffée d’EFP au niveau du deuxième cycle de l’enseignement secondaire, et les débouchés professionnels de l’EFP intéressent beaucoup ses jeunes. Cette note affirme que l’offre d’EFP dans les pays d’accueil joue un rôle clé en ce qu’elle valorise et développe les compétences des réfugiés venus d’Ukraine, au bénéfice des Ukrainiens concernés et du marché du travail dans les pays d’accueil, mais aussi de la reconstruction de l’Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/d9afb1f4-fr
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  • 34
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    Norway 2022 Energy Policy Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264885783
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (147 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Norwegen ; Energy ; Norway
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. Since the last IEA review in 2017, Norway has remained a global pillar of energy security, providing the world with stable supplies of oil and gas produced in an environmentally conscious manner. Norway has updated its already ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with plans to achieve 90-95% reductions (excluding sinks) from 1990 levels by 2050. Norway has considerable work ahead to meet these ambitious targets. Since its electricity generation produces nearly zero emissions already and the country has substantially electrified its energy demand, many of the easy wins for reducing emissions have already been achieved. The remaining reductions will be more complex, challenging and costly, notably in transport and industry. Norway has many natural advantages to facilitate a successful energy and climate transition. In particular, it can be well-positioned to lead the world on new technologies for decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors, such as electric vehicles, carbon capture and storage, and hydrogen, if the right policies and incentives are put in place. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Norway effectively manage the transformation of its energy sector in line with its goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/7411c642-en
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  • 35
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    Zukunftssichere Weiterbildung in Berlin, Deutschland (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264472006 , 9789264316874 , 9789264408456
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Future-Proofing Adult Learning in Berlin, Germany
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; Berlin ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: Nach einer langen Phase des Beschäftigungswachstums, die zur niedrigsten Arbeitslosenquote seit der deutschen Wiedervereinigung führte, wird der Berliner Arbeitsmarkt nun zunehmend angespannter. Beschleunigt durch die COVID-19-Pandemie stellen globale Megatrends wie die Automatisierung von Produktionsprozessen und die immer weiter fortgeschrittenen digitalen Kompetenzen, die für viele Jobs erforderlich sind, die Berliner Politik vor neue Herausforderungen. Das lokale Weiterbildungssystem nimmt dabei eine zentrale Rolle ein: Es soll die Berliner Bevölkerung auf den sich wandelnden Arbeitsmarkt vorbereiten. Der Bericht „Zukunftssichere Weiterbildung in Berlin, Deutschland“ analysiert die Weiterbildung in Berlin im Detail und arbeitet Stärken und Engpässe des lokalen Weiterbildungssystems heraus. Der Bericht betont die Notwendigkeit einer langfristigen Vision für die Weiterbildung in Berlin, welche die verschiedenen Akteure der Weiterbildungslandschaft zusammenbringt um Angebote dynamisch an die Bedürfnisse der Berliner Bevölkerung anzupassen.
    DOI: 10.1787/88e97ff5-de
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  • 36
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Germany 2022 : Building Agility for Successful Transitions (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264522749 , 9789264671560 , 9789264958876
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (346 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Berichte zur Innovationspolitik: Deutschland 2022: Agile Ansätze für erfolgreiche Transformationen
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Deutschland ; Industry and Services ; Science and Technology ; Germany
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine war have revealed vulnerabilities in Germany’s economic model: undiversified energy supply, an over-reliance on fossil fuels, delayed digitalisation and disruptable supply chains. Digital technologies may significantly disrupt manufacturing industries Germany has dominated for decades, threatening future competitiveness. The green transition also requires significant industrial transformations. Germany can call upon one of the world’s most advanced innovation systems in dealing with these challenges, but a new more agile and experimental approach to STI policy is needed. This Review outlines how to develop such an approach and what STI policies need to focus on: create markets for future innovations, more significant and more risk-tolerant finance for innovation, inter-disciplinary knowledge exchange, improved data infrastructure and capabilities. Given the internationally shared challenges of dealing with transitions, the insights presented in the review will be of interest to policymakers, stakeholders and analysts from Germany and across the OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/50b32331-en
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    Public accounting reforms in the Western Balkans and European Neighbourhood : Guidance for SIGMA Partners (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SIGMA Papers no.65
    Keywords: Öffentliches Rechnungswesen ; Reform ; Südosteuropa ; EU-Nachbarstaaten ; EU-Staaten ; Governance ; Bulgaria ; Estonia ; France ; Georgia ; Germany ; Montenegro ; Morocco ; Netherlands ; Serbia
    Abstract: This report discusses the costs and benefits of the transition from cash to accrual accounting in the public sector for SIGMA partners in the Western Balkans and the European Neighbourhood. The countries are attracted by the promises of accrual accounting and the corresponding IPSAS standards that it will improve transparency, accountability and financial decision-making. This report investigates whether the reform towards accrual accounting is indeed recommendable given that the reform towards IPSAS-based financial statements also carries a higher administrative burden and often requires government-wide adaptation or adjustment of the financial information systems. In this report, evidence from case studies of five EU Member States and four SIGMA partners is combined with a review of the academic literature to understand the balance of the benefits versus the costs of the reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/505f903e-en
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  • 38
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    Norge: Landprofil 2021 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264542716
    Language: Norwegian (Nynorsk)
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Norway: Country Health Profile 2021
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway
    DOI: 10.1787/e6fefbbc-no
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  • 39
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    Making Norway’s housing more affordable and sustainable (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1711
    Keywords: Economics ; Norway
    Abstract: Norway, like a number of other countries, saw steep growth in house prices during the pandemic. This added to past years of strong price increases and has brought renewed concern for housing affordability. Tax advantages to buying homes inflate house prices, contribute to wealth inequality and divert resources from more productive investments. An underdeveloped rental market is an additional consequence of Norway’s pro-homeownership policies. Beyond tax reform and targeted support for low-income households, including renters, lasting improvements in affordability will require measures to enhance the responsiveness of residential construction to increased demand. However, creating room for new housing supply can involve difficult trade‑offs with environmental and other policy objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/c740833e-en
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  • 40
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    Accessing Higher Education in the German State of Brandenburg (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264969230 , 9789264955998 , 9789264823853
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Zugang zu Hochschulbildung im Bundesland Brandenburg
    Keywords: Studium ; Bildungschancen ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschule ; Brandenburg ; Education ; Germany
    Abstract: Brandenburg’s economy is undergoing structural change, which opens exciting new prospects for highly skilled workers. The state has intensified efforts to diversify the economy towards cleaner and more knowledge-intensive industries, including the development of advanced manufacturing, spill-over effects from the start-up scene in Berlin, fostering entrepreneurial activities at its own higher education institutions, promoting innovative places for working and living, and phasing out of coal production in favour of next-generation technologies. As the engine of skills development and research, the higher education system will play an important role in helping the state unleash these opportunities. The German State of Brandenburg has therefore entrusted the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development – in close collaboration with and supported by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Structural Reform Support – with the development of recommendations on how to enhance the visibility of its institutions’ programme offer, align this offer with the skills and innovation demand, and make it more attractive to prospective students from the state and beyond.
    DOI: 10.1787/233e4ad2-en
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  • 41
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    The environmental sustainability competence toolbox : From leaving a better planet for our children to leaving better children for our planet (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.275
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper is the second in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The first paper is titled ‘Young people’s environmental sustainability competence: Emotional, cognitive, behavioural and attitudinal dimensions in EU and OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/27991ec0-en
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  • 42
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    Young people’s environmental sustainability competence : Emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and attitudinal dimensions in EU and OECD countries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.274
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper is the first in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The second paper is titled: ‘The environmental sustainability competence toolbox: From leaving a better planet to our children to leaving better children for our planet’.
    DOI: 10.1787/1097a78c-en
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  • 43
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    Cross-border Data Flows : Taking Stock of Key Policies and Initiatives (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade ; Science and Technology ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Japan ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As data become an important resource for the global economy, it is important to strengthen trust to facilitate data sharing domestically and across borders. Significant momentum for related policies in the G7, and G20, has gone hand in hand with a wide range of – often complementary – national and international initiatives and the development of technological and organisational measures. Advancing a common understanding and dialogue among G7 countries and beyond is crucial to support coordinated and coherent progress in policy and regulatory approaches that leverage the full potential of data for global economic and social prosperity. This report takes stock of key policies and initiatives on cross-border data flows to inform and support G7 countries’ engagement on this policy agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/5031dd97-en
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  • 44
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    Preparing Vocational Teachers and Trainers : Case Studies on Entry Requirements and Initial Training (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264436657
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildende Schule ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Niederlande ; Norwegen ; Education ; Canada ; Denmark ; Germany ; Netherlands ; Norway
    Abstract: Teachers and in-company trainers are central to vocational education and training (VET), as they support the school-to-work transitions of learners from diverse backgrounds. VET teachers develop learners’ skills in school-based settings, while in-company trainers support learners during their time in work-based learning. Countries use different strategies to ensure an adequate supply of well-prepared VET teachers and trainers. This report focuses on two aspects: entry requirements for the VET teaching and training profession to ensure quality and consistency; and initial education and training for VET teachers and trainers to ensure that they are well-prepared when taking up their role. It draws lessons from policies and practices in Canada, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Norway for developing a skilled teaching and training workforce through entry requirements and training, while maintaining sufficient flexibility.
    DOI: 10.1787/c44f2715-en
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  • 45
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    Skills and Labour Market Integration of Immigrants and their Children in Norway (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264698123 , 9789264420144 , 9789264375383
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Migranten ; Kinder ; Qualifikation ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Norwegen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway
    Abstract: Norway’s foreign-born population has tripled since 2000, and the share of migrants among the population has seen one of the largest increases across the OECD, mostly driven by labour migration from EU countries. Most migrants from non-EU countries, in contrast, are refugees and their family members. High qualification levels and labour market participation of the native-born raise the question of an adequate benchmark for integration outcomes, especially for the low-educated refugees and their families. Against this backdrop, Norway puts significant investment into integration, and a number of recent reforms have been aimed at strengthening the system. This review, the third in a series on the skills and labour market integration of immigrants and their children, provides an assessment of these reforms and the remaining challenges. It includes an overview of Norway’s integration services – and the many substantial changes in recent years – as well as challenges in access and uptake of integration offers, activation programmes and outcomes of native-born children of immigrants in Norway. Earlier reviews in this series looked at integration in Sweden (2016) and Finland (2018).
    DOI: 10.1787/6109d927-en
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  • 46
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    Continuing Education and Training and the EU Framework on State Aid : Implications for the Public Higher Education Sector in Brandenburg (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264890442 , 9789264606876 , 9789264815711
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung und der EU-Rahmen für staatliche Beihilfen: Auswirkungen auf den öffentlichen Hochschulsektor in Brandenburg
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Bildungseinrichtung ; Subvention ; EU-Beihilferecht ; Brandenburg ; Education ; Germany
    Abstract: Ageing populations and rising skill demands have heightened expectations that higher education systems will widen their offer of continuing education and training (CET) for adults aiming to renew or augment their skills at an advanced level. CET is becoming increasingly important for maintaining a highly skilled workforce also in Germany, and particularly in the state of Brandenburg. However, Brandenburg’s public higher education institutions have so far been only marginal providers. To expand their offer of CET, they would require more legal certainty about the use of public funding in light of European Union (EU) state aid policy. EU state aid policy ensures public subsidies (state aid) are not used by state agencies to crowd out markets (economic activity). There are no clear EU, federal or state-level directions about whether CET is a non-economic activity and thus exempt from EU state aid rules. This report analyses the reasons for this legal uncertainty and provides recommendations to the state government and public higher education institutions in Brandenburg about how to clarify the status of continuing education and training as a state-aided activity. It also proposes pointers for interpretation and future reform of the EU framework on state aid, and provides impulses for policy action in other German states and at the federal level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9ec6cb98-en
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  • 47
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    Allocation of competences in policy sectors key to migrant integration : In a sample of ten OECD countries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.25
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Austria ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; Italy ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Spain ; Sweden
    Abstract: A first step to implement effective migrant integration policies is to know who does what in policy sectors key to integration. Responding to this need, this paper offers policy makers a tool to understand the organisation of public action in key sectors for integration - Employment, Education, Housing, and Health/Welfare – in a sample of 10 OECD countries: Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden and the Netherlands. The complexity of the division of powers among levels of government calls for coordination mechanisms between actors, whatever the level of decentralisation. Besides, it throws lights on subnational governments’ role in integrating migrants and enabling them to participate to local development for the benefits of all. The geographic differences that exist in migrant presence and outcomes mean countries should build on local authorities' knowledge of local realities, aptitudes to coordinate different policy fields at the relevant scale and cooperate with non-governmental organisations.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc4a71c5-en
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    Future-Proofing Adult Learning in Berlin, Germany (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264374386 , 9789264713543 , 9789264976054
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Weiterbildung ; Berlin ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: After a long period of employment growth that led to the lowest unemployment rate since the German reunification, Berlin’s labour market is now tightening. Accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, global labour market megatrends such as the automation of production processes and the increasingly advanced digital skills required to perform many jobs pose new challenges to Berlin’s policymakers. Preparing and improving its adult learning system to adapt to the rapidly changing demand for skills will be vital for the future competitiveness of Berlin’s economy and socio-economic mobility. The report Future-Proofing Adult Learning in Berlin, Germany analyses strengths and bottlenecks in Berlin’s adult learning programmes. It stresses the importance of developing a long-term vision for continuing education and training in Berlin that brings together different actors from an adult learning landscape that offers a wide range of diverse services. It further highlights the need to expand local adult learning programmes that account for the city’s highly dynamic population and labour market.
    DOI: 10.1787/fdf38f60-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Norway 2022 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264691100 , 9789264765474 , 9789264449268
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Norwegen ; Energy ; Development ; Environment ; Governance ; Norway
    Abstract: Norway has made progress on the path towards green growth over the past decade. The country is a frontrunner in many environmental areas and invests heavily in technological development and innovation to support its green transition. It set many ambitious national environmental targets across all sectors, including for climate mitigation; Norway aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2030. While not a member of the European Union, Norway has aligned its action with many EU regulations and goals, sometimes more stringently than members. Despite progress in many areas, the country still faces multiple challenges, including sustainable consumption patterns and biodiversity protection. The review provides 30 recommendations to help Norway further improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on sustainable land use and biodiversity management. This is the fourth Environmental Performance Review of Norway. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance over the past decade.
    DOI: 10.1787/59e71c13-en
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  • 50
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    Policies to Support Green Entrepreneurship : Building a Hub for Green Entrepreneurship in Denmark (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264565470 , 9789264898431 , 9789264354555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Gründungsförderung ; Unternehmer ; Umweltwirtschaft ; Umwelttechnik ; Dänemark ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Israel ; Gründungsförderung ; Unternehmer ; Umweltwirtschaft ; Umwelttechnik ; Dänemark ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Israel ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Governance ; Canada ; Denmark ; Germany ; Israel
    Abstract: Combatting climate change is among the most critical issues on the global policy agenda. The transition towards a greener economy will require a pivot towards more sustainable production processes and consumption patterns. Entrepreneurs have the potential to be a major driving force behind this effort through their capacity to develop and propagate innovative green solutions. To unlock this potential, it is crucial for policy makers to implement appropriate policies and measures that enable green entrepreneurs to thrive. This report identifies lessons from international policy practices in stimulating and supporting green entrepreneurship from three case study countries – Canada, Germany and Israel – to inform Denmark about effective policy practices and pitfalls to avoid as it implements initiatives to strengthen its green transition. Recommendations are offered across a number of areas such as promoting greater co-ordination between relevant policy actors, strengthening specialised support for green entrepreneurs and building green markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/e92b1946-en
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    Understanding how economic conditions and natural disasters shape environmental attitudes : A cross-country comparison to inform policy making (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.280
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye
    Abstract: Understanding adults’ attitudes towards the environment is necessary to gauge the opportunities and challenges of creating effective and politically-feasible climate policies. Using data from the Wellcome Global Monitor 2020, the European Social Survey (Round 8), World Values Survey and EM-DAT, this paper examines how adults’ environmental attitudes vary within and across countries and details how environmental attitudes are associated with adults’ engagement in pro-environmental behaviours and support for environmentally-friendly policies. The paper explores whether the extent to which individuals prioritise the environment over the state of the economy or vice versa depends on individuals’ exposure to natural disasters or negative labour market conditions. Results indicate that people’s economic vulnerability and the sectors they work in impact their attitudes towards their environment and support for public policy. Furthermore, the findings suggest that increases in unemployment and exposure to natural disasters influence the extent to which individuals prioritise the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/8e880ea2-en
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    Multi-level governance for migrant integration : Policy instruments from Austria, Canada, France, Germany and Italy (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.24
    Keywords: Migrationspolitik ; Migranten ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Flüchtlinge ; Soziale Integration ; Österreich ; Kanada ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Italien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Austria ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy
    Abstract: Comprehensive and coordinated action across levels of government responsible for different policy domains (labour, education, housing and welfare/health) as well as across local actors is crucial to migrant integration. To respond to this need for co-ordination, different policy instruments are mobilised by countries. This paper presents six of them, to illustrate three categories of practices supporting migrant integration through better multi-level co-ordination: · Reinforcing co-ordination (financial, human, technical) between levels of governments and private actors such as businesses or non-governmental organisations to foster migrant integration and retention: The Canadian Atlantic Immigration Pilot (AIP) and the French Territorial Contracts for the Reception and Integration of Refugees (CTAIR); · Resolving information and evaluation asymmetries: Vienna (Austria) Integration and Diversity Monitor and the German Network IQ; · Illustrating the positive externalities of territorial development and investment programmes on migrant integration and social cohesion: The Italian Inner Areas Strategy and the French Urban Policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/efeeda9d-en
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    Zugang zu Hochschulbildung im Bundesland Brandenburg (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264937123 , 9789264500167 , 9789264832985
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (181 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Accessing Higher Education in the German State of Brandenburg
    Keywords: Studium ; Bildungschancen ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschule ; Brandenburg ; Education ; Germany
    Abstract: Brandenburg erlebt derzeit einen Strukturwandel, der hochqualifizierten Arbeitskräften spannende neue Perspektiven eröffnet. Im Zuge dessen hat das Bundesland seine Bemühungen um eine Diversifizierung der Wirtschaft in Richtung saubererer und stärker wissensintensiver Branchen intensiviert. Dazu gehören die Entwicklung moderner Fertigungsverfahren, die Förderung unternehmerischer Aktivitäten an landeseigenen Hochschuleinrichtungen sowie innovativer Arbeits- und Lebensorte und der schrittweise Ausstieg aus der Kohleförderung zugunsten von Technologien der nächsten Generation. Dies wird ergänzt durch Spillover-Effekte aus der Berliner Startup-Szene. Bei diesen Bemühungen spielt das Hochschulsystem als Motor von Kompetenzentwicklung und Forschung eine wichtige Rolle. Um die Hochschulen dabei bestmöglich zu unterstützen, hat das Land Brandenburg die Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (OECD) beauftragt, Empfehlungen zu erarbeiten, wie das Programmangebot der Hochschulen des Landes sichtbarer gemacht, auf den Bedarf an Kompetenzen und Innovationen zugeschnitten und für potenzielle Studierende aus dem Bundesland und darüber hinaus attraktiver gestaltet werden kann. Dieses Projekt wird von der Europäischen Union finanziert und erfolgt in enger Kooperation mit der Generaldirektion für die Unterstützung von Strukturreformen der Europäischen Kommission.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc20edb6-de
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    How vocational education and training (VET) systems can support Ukraine : Lessons from past crises (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Education ; Economics ; Germany ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia’s large-scale aggression against Ukraine has led to the most important humanitarian crisis in the OECD area since World War II, affecting millions of people and a severe economic, social and educational shock of uncertain duration and magnitude. This policy brief discusses how VET systems in host countries can become more inclusive and supportive of Ukrainians displaced by Russia’s large-scale aggression, building on OECD work on VET for young refugees, an analysis of VET in Ukraine, and first policy responses to the current crisis. Ukraine has strong VET provision at upper secondary level, and young people have strong interests in occupations which are commonly entered through VET. This policy brief argues that providing VET in host countries can be key in valuing and further building the skills of refugees from Ukraine, to the benefit of the Ukrainians concerned, host country labour markets, and for the rebuilding of Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/e8e86ce2-en
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    Towards a new stage in Norway's science, technology and innovation system : Improving the long-term plan for research and higher education (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.133
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Norway
    Abstract: This study assesses the implementation of the recommendations from the OECD Innovation Policy Review of Norway 2017 along four major themes: (1) Developing research communities of outstanding quality; (2) Enhancing competitiveness and innovation capacity; (3) Tackling major social challenges; and (4) Improving the governance of the science, technology and innovation system. The results of this assessment are then used to identify new opportunities for reforms in the Norwegian Long-term plan for Research and Higher Education 2023-2032. While focused on Norway, the report also provides lessons on key issues, such as the sustainable transition of advanced economies, that can be useful in other national contexts.
    DOI: 10.1787/ce07b7c3-en
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    OECD-Berichte zur Innovationspolitik: Deutschland 2022 : Agile Ansätze für erfolgreiche Transformationen (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264383036 , 9789264884533 , 9789264986152
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (374 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Germany 2022: Building Agility for Successful Transitions
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Deutschland ; Industry and Services ; Science and Technology ; Germany
    Abstract: Die Coronapandemie und der Krieg in der Ukraine haben Schwachstellen in Deutschlands Wirtschaftsmodell aufgezeigt: zu wenig diversifizierte Energieversorgung, zu starke Abhängigkeit von fossilen Energieträgern, zu langsame Digitalisierung und störanfällige Lieferketten. Die digitalen Technologien können im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe, in dem Deutschland seit Jahrzehnten eine führende Stellung einnimmt, zu erheblichen disruptiven Veränderungen führen und die künftige Wettbewerbsfähigkeit gefährden. Darüber hinaus verlangt die ökologische Transformation der Industrie große Anpassungsmaßnahmen ab. Deutschland kann auf eines der fortschrittlichsten Innovationssysteme der Welt zurückgreifen, um diese Herausforderungen zu bewältigen, im Bereich der WTI-Politik ist jedoch ein agilerer Ansatz mit mehr Experimentierfreude erforderlich. Der OECD-Bericht zur Innovationspolitik: Deutschland 2022 beschreibt, wie ein solcher Ansatz entwickelt werden kann und worauf sich die WTI-Politik konzentrierten sollte: die Schaffung von Märkten für künftige Innovationen, umfangreichere und risikotolerantere Finanzierung für Innovationen, interdisziplinärer Wissensaustausch sowie bessere Dateninfrastruktur und -kapazitäten. Da die mit den Transformationen verbundenen Herausforderungen auch andere Länder betreffen, dürften die in diesem Bericht dargelegten Erkenntnisse nicht nur für politische Entscheidungsträger*innen, beteiligte Akteure und Politikberater*innen in Deutschland, sondern auch für andere OECD-Länder von großem Interesse sein.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d21d68b-de
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    The Role of Firms in the Gender Wage Gap in Germany (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264494114 , 9789264685505 , 9789264488540
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gender Equality at Work
    Keywords: Lohnstruktur ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Vergütungssystem ; Personalmanagement ; Deutschland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: This review contributes to a better understanding of the gender wage gap in Germany and puts forward key elements of a policy package to reduce gender pay gaps. It provides a detailed analysis of the role of firms in the gender wage gap by focusing on the pay gap between similarly skilled men and women between and within firms. The within-firm component captures differences in pay between men and women within firms related to differences in tasks and responsibilities, or differences in pay for work of equal value (e.g. bargaining, discrimination). The between-firm component captures the role of differences in pay between firms (unrelated to workforce composition) due to the tendency of women to work in low-wage firms. The review analyses gender differences in job mobility and the earnings consequences of career breaks following childbirth to shed light on the evolution of the gender wage gap across the working life. To put results for Germany in context, they are systematically benchmarked to those of four nearby countries (i.e. Denmark, France, the Netherlands and Sweden). The policy discussion extends the empirical analysis by putting forward a comprehensive policy package with an emphasis on policies targeted at firms.
    DOI: 10.1787/e8623d6f-en
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    Swimming skills around the world : Evidence on inequalities in life skills across and within countries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.281
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hong Kong, China ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Being able to swim empowers individuals to make choices, have agency, and be free to choose core aspects of their life, such as working safely on or near water. It is also associated with lifelong health benefits and reduces the risk of drowning. Using data from the Lloyd’s Register Foundation World Risk Poll 2019, this paper provides the first global estimates of adults’ ability to swim without assistance. Individuals in high-income countries are considerably more likely to report being able to swim without assistance than individuals in low-income countries. Disparities also exist within countries. In particular, women are less likely to be able to swim without assistance than men in virtually all countries, birth cohorts, and levels of education. Investing in reducing inequalities in life skills, such as swimming, can foster economic development and empowerment, especially in light of threats, such as climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/0c2c8862-en
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    The Landscape of Providers of Vocational Education and Training (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264682542 , 9789264444492 , 9789264892231
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Bildungseinrichtung ; Australien ; Dänemark ; Deutschland ; Niederlande ; Schweden ; Education ; Australia ; Denmark ; Germany ; Netherlands ; Sweden
    Abstract: Vocational education and training (VET) is an important part of education systems around the world. VET systems differ widely between countries in how programmes are designed and delivered. Moreover, countries differ in terms of the types of providers that deliver VET. This report looks at the VET provider landscape in Australia, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden. It provides insights into the number of different providers by country, their focus areas and target populations. It describes how providers are different and how they overlap, as well as structures and initiatives to foster co-ordination between them.
    DOI: 10.1787/a3641ff3-en
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    Policies for the future of farming and food in Norway (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264517752 , 9789264726819 , 9789264706958
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 239 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD agriculture and food policy reviews
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Norwegen ; Agriculture and Food ; Norway ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Norway is performing unevenly across its four agricultural policy objectives. While Norway enjoys a high level of food security and is meeting its aim of maintaining agricultural production across the country, both environmental performance and the efficient creation of value added along the food chain are compromised by support policies linked to production levels. Support to producers relative to gross farm receipts is the highest among OECD countries, with 59% of farmers’ revenues coming from government support. Only 3% of total support to agriculture is dedicated to research and innovation. Moreover, while Norway has strong public research institutions and well-designed tax deductions, the private sector lacks the right policy incentives to innovate. This review proposes a new policy approach, centred around innovations that would enable Norway to achieve its objectives and improve the productivity, sustainability and resilience of its agro-food sector. Specific recommendations include increasing the responsiveness of the sector to markets, giving farmers greater flexibility in making production decisions, placing greater emphasis on agri-environmental outcomes, and increasing the role of the private sector in research and innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/20b14991-en
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    Job mobility, reallocation and wage growth : A tale of two countries (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.254
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway
    Abstract: This paper analyses the role of job mobility for job reallocation and aggregate wage growth in Norway and the United States using linked employer-employee data. It provides four main findings. First, despite lower overall job mobility in Norway, the speed of worker reallocation from low-wage to high-wage firms is similar to that in the United States. Second, job reallocation tends to be counter-cyclical in Norway, but pro-cyclical in the United States, due to the weaker tendency of high-wage firms in the United States to hoard workers during economic downturns. Third, the reallocation of workers from low to high wage firms through job-to-job mobility disproportionately benefits high-skilled workers in Norway and low-skilled workers in the United States. Fourth, the slowdown in aggregate wage growth primarily reflects a weakening of on-the-job wage growth in both countries rather than a reduced role of job reallocation between low and high-wage firms (although this does also play a role in the United States).
    DOI: 10.1787/807becdf-en
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    Mission-oriented innovation policy in Norway : Challenges, opportunities and future options (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.104
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Norway
    Abstract: This report assesses the potential for mission-oriented innovation policies (MOIPs) to contribute to the sustainable transition in Norway, and examines the challenges and opportunities that MOIPs would present. As part of a series of MOIP national case studies, the report finds that MOIPs could contribute significantly to alleviating some of the long-standing limitations of Norway’s innovation system, acknowledging the country’s strong advantages for mission-orientation and its innovative policy experimentations, such as the Pilot-E scheme and the CLIMIT programme. It proposes two options for Norway’s future MOIP approach, with corresponding recommendations. Under a ‘scaling-up’ option, Norway would develop a system to manage the implementation of cross-agency schemes in relevant challenge areas. A ‘levelling-up’ option would involve the programming of a pilot mission in the four-year investment plan of the next edition of Norway’s Long Term Plan, with support from high-level policy and political actors.
    DOI: 10.1787/2e7c30ff-en
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    Germany: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264624856
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Deutschland: Länderprofil Gesundheit 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Germany as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/e4c56532-en
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    Zero Carbon Supply Chains : The Case of Hamburg (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.91
    Keywords: Güterverkehr ; Frachtschifffahrt ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Lieferkette ; Hafen ; Hamburg ; Environment ; Transport ; Germany
    Abstract: This report assesses the potential of zero carbon supply chains via a case study of the freight transport chain linked to the port of Hamburg. It analyses the initiatives taken by selected main stakeholders to decarbonise freight transport. In addition, it offers recommendations on how the move towards zero carbon supply chains could be accelerated.
    DOI: 10.1787/4b9afd05-en
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    Towards a skills strategy for Southeast Asia : skills for post-COVID recovery and growth (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264946583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Keywords: Humankapital ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Südostasien ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Australia ; Brunei Darussalam ; Cambodia ; Germany ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Myanmar ; Philippines ; Singapore ; Thailand ; United States ; Viet Nam ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in a rapidly changing world. Recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic will require countries to co-ordinate interventions to help recent graduates find jobs, reactivate the skills of displaced workers and use skills effectively in workplaces. Megatrends such as globalisation, climate change, technological progress and demographic change will continue to reshape work and society. Countries should take action now to develop and use more effectively the skills required for the world of the future and at the same time make their skills systems more resilient and adaptable in the context of change and uncertainty. The OECD Skills Strategy provides countries with a strategic approach to assess their skills challenges and opportunities. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy framework allowing countries to explore how they can improve i) developing relevant skills, ii) using skills effectively, and iii) strengthening the governance of the skills system. This report applies the OECD Skills Strategy framework to Southeast Asia, providing an overview of the region’s skills challenges and opportunities in the context of COVID-19 and megatrends, and identifying good practices for improving skills outcomes. This report lays the foundation for a more fully elaborated Skills Strategy for Southeast Asia.
    DOI: 10.1787/6db0907f-en
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    Fighting Tax Crime – The Ten Global Principles, Second Edition (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264572874 , 9789264807143 , 9789264522725
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Steuerstrafrecht ; Steuerfahndung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Taxation ; Argentina ; Australia ; Austria ; Azerbaijan ; Brazil ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Czech Republic ; Estonia ; France ; Georgia ; Germany ; Greece ; Honduras ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; South Africa ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: First published in 2017, Fighting Tax Crime - The Ten Global Principles is the first comprehensive guide to fighting tax crimes. It sets out ten essential principles covering the legal, institutional, administrative, and operational aspects necessary for developing an efficient and effective system for identifying, investigating and prosecuting tax crimes, while respecting the rights of accused taxpayers. This second edition addresses new challenges, such as tackling professionals who enable tax and white-collar crimes, and fostering international co-operation in the recovery of assets. Drawing on the experiences of jurisdictions in all continents, the report also highlights successful cases relating to the misuse of virtual assets, complex investigations involving joint task forces, and the use of new technology tools to fight tax crimes and other financial crimes. The Ten Global Principles are an essential element of the OECD’s Oslo Dialogue, a whole-of-government approach for fighting tax crimes and illicit financial flows. Alongside the policy document, the second edition is joined by 33 country chapters, detailing jurisdictions’ domestic tax crime enforcement frameworks as well as the progress made in implementing the Ten Global Principles. These chapters are available separately online.
    DOI: 10.1787/006a6512-en
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    Dynamics of farm performance and policy impacts: Main findings (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.164
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Australia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; France ; Italy ; Norway
    Abstract: Increasing productivity at farm level is a key policy objective across most countries and fundamental to the overall performance of agricultural and food systems. This paper applies dynamic statistical methods to farm level data in order to identify the determinants of farm performance over time, in terms of productivity and measures of local sustainability. The analysis sheds light on the effects of policies on productivity, and the links between productivity and sustainability outcomes. It draws on key findings from seven case studies: crop farms in Australia, France, Italy and the United Kingdom (England and Wales); and dairy farms in the Czech Republic, Denmark and Norway, with different sample periods, from the most recent three decades to the last five years. A key finding is that policy changes increasing the degree of decoupling of payments have a positive impact on productivity. Furthermore, with the right incentives, productivity growth can be more locally sustainable insofar as farms can produce more output with less inputs that harm the environment. The detailed background work on the seven samples of crops and dairy farms in the above countries is available in OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Paper N°165.
    DOI: 10.1787/af1f4600-en
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    Is the German Middle Class Crumbling? Risks and Opportunities (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264475892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Mittelschicht ; Soziale Mobilität ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Germany ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Thriving middle classes are the backbone of democratic societies and strong economies, but in many countries, they face mounting pressure as their economic strength is eroding relative to higher-income households. Real wages and incomes for most middle-class households have grown only very slowly, and rising expenditures have been putting further pressure on living standards. Meanwhile, globalisation, digitalisation, and demographic change are eroding job opportunities for middle-skilled workers, who risk sliding into lower-paid employment. The COVID-19 crisis has accentuated socio-economic divides and may end up accelerating some of the above trends. This publication builds upon the OECD’s publications on the middle class (Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class) and social mobility (A Broken Social Elevator? How to Promote Social Mobility). It demonstrates that the German middle class is similar in size as in peer countries, but substantially smaller than it was in the mid-1990s. Lower middle‑class households face an increased risk of slipping out of the middle; meanwhile, upward mobility into the middle has declined, particularly for workers in “typical” middle-class occupations. Employment growth forecasts point to further occupational polarisation. The review proposes policy options for strengthening the employability of middle-class workers, creating good-quality, future-oriented jobs, and boosting middle‑class disposable incomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/845208d7-en
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    Data for Development Profiles : Official Development Assistance for Data and Statistical Systems (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264597846 , 9789264337947 , 9789264333444
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Statistische Methode ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Australia ; Canada ; Denmark ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Sound and timely data and statistics are essential for designing better policies for better lives. When the right data are available and used by policy makers, they play a crucial role in managing crises, as revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic. They are also indispensable for transparent and accountable delivery of policies and services and to guide business and investment decisions in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The first 2021 edition of the OECD’s Data for Development Profiles is a unique source of information and insights on how members of the Development Co-operation Committee (DAC) allocate official development assistance (ODA) to statistical capacity development and strengthening data ecosystems in low and middle income countries. By providing a comprehensive overview of members’ data and statistical policy priorities, strategies, funding, delivery modalities and partnerships, the profiles serve as a baseline for co-ordinating international support and highlight ways forward for greater impact and effectiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/84baa8f3-en
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    Building the STRING megaregion as a green hub in the wake of COVID-19 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.14
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Denmark ; Germany ; Norway ; Sweden
    Abstract: STRING is a political cross-border organisation spanning five cities (the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Copenhagen, Malmö, Gothenburg and Oslo) and eight regions (Schleswig-Holstein, Region of Southern Denmark, Region Zealand, Capital Region of Denmark, Region Skåne, Region Halland, Västra Götalandsregionen and Viken County) across Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Home to around 14 million inhabitants, STRING has good potential to become a leading European megaregion and an internationally acknowledged Green Hub if governments “think big” and work together beyond their own boundaries. Building on its green expertise and high levels of innovation and quality of life, STRING could take advantage of current opportunities such as the construction of the Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link to reap the benefits of agglomeration economies and establish itself as a sustainable megaregion. However, time is of the essence. Seizing the political momentum of the coming decade, including the momentum to support a green recovery from COVID-19, will be critical to advance STRING’s green vision and shape a future-proof economic model.
    DOI: 10.1787/40c840c3-en
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    The Impact of Regulation on International Investment in Finland (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264506381 , 9789264317161 , 9789264402201
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Finnland ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Norway ; Sweden
    Abstract: The Impact of Regulation on International Investment in Finland examines what drives FDI into Finland and which domestic regulatory aspects may discourage foreign investment. The report analyses trends in FDI flows towards Finland and other Nordic-Baltic countries and discusses the benefits of foreign investment for the Finnish economy. It provides a comparative overview of the regulatory frameworks in force in Finland and its Nordic-Baltic peers, outlining both economy-wide and sector-specific findings, and explores how changes in these regulatory frameworks are linked to changes in FDI inflows in the region. Foreign investors’ views on Finland’s business environment complement these findings. The report underlines potential areas for reform and suggests policy actions that could further improve Finland’s investment climate and contribute to attracting and retaining more FDI, while also strengthening its positive impact.
    DOI: 10.1787/b1bf8bee-en
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    Schooling during a pandemic : the experience and outcomes of schoolchildren during the first round of COVID-19 lockdowns (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264579019 , 9789264366824 , 9789264955110
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thorn, William Schooling during a pandemic
    Keywords: OECD ; Schüler ; Schulbesuch ; Telearbeit ; Psychische Krankheit ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Gesundheit ; COVID-19 ; Fernstudium ; Fernunterricht ; Lernen ; E-Learning ; Student ; Schüler ; Elternarbeit ; Schule ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Belgium ; Canada ; Czech Republic ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; Italy ; Netherlands ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This report offers an initial overview of the available information regarding the circumstances, nature and outcomes of the education of schoolchildren during the first wave of COVID-19 lockdowns of March-April 2020. Its purpose is primarily descriptive: it presents information from high quality quantitative studies on the experience of learning during this period in order to ground the examination and discussion of these issues in empirical examples. Information is presented on three interrelated topics: the nature of the educational experience during the period of lockdowns and school closures; the home environment in which education took place for the vast majority of schoolchildren; the effects on the mental health and learning outcomes for children during this period. The data come primarily from 5 countries (France, Germany, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States) with additional information on some aspects for 6 additional countries (Australia, Belgium (Flanders), Canada, Finland, Italy and the Netherlands). This report will be of interest to policy makers, academics, education stakeholders and anyone interested in a first international empirical analysis of the effects of the pandemic on the lives and education of schoolchildren.
    DOI: 10.1787/1c78681e-en
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    Procurement strategy in major infrastructure projects : Piloting a new approach in Norway (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.06
    Keywords: Beschaffung ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Projektmanagement ; Norwegen ; Governance ; Norway ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Infrastructure investment has been at the forefront of the political debate for more than two decades. Despite decades of theoretical study and experimentation in practice, “how to” actually procure infrastructure still lacks a complete and evidence-based guide, relying heavily on subjective perception and judgement. Procurement strategy mistakes can substantially increase the cost of infrastructure, delay its delivery, or reduce its quality and value to the public. The OECD has trialled a new evidence- based tool to inform procurement decisions on major projects called Support Tool for Effective Procurement Strategy or STEPS. The tool was applied toon two major road projects in Norway. STEPS can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public procurement of infrastructure and beyond. It should improve the Value for Money propositions of both traditional and privately financed infrastructure projects. It is also an effective tool against bid rigging, the effects of abnormally low bids, and corruption in public procurement. Because the procurement choices of the public sector impact the market structure of the infrastructure supplier market, it could be considered an instrument of implicit market regulation, working against market concentration. STEPS thus supports a range of OECD recommendations and G20 positions on infrastructure governance, private investment in infrastructure, and procurement in general.
    DOI: 10.1787/38996343-en
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    Deutschland: Länderprofil Gesundheit 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264865310
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Germany: Country Health Profile 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Amtsdruckschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/33663583-de
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    Industrial Policy for the Sustainable Development Goals : Increasing the Private Sector’s Contribution (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264890541 , 9789264731714 , 9789264868076
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; Industriepolitik ; Privatwirtschaft ; Welt ; Environment ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Canada ; Costa Rica ; France ; Germany ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; New Zealand
    Abstract: How can governments support the private sector’s contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? This book investigates the contribution of firms to the SDGs, particularly through their core business, taking into account inter-sectoral linkages and global value chains, using novel techniques and data sources. Despite the fact that the private sector has the potential to contribute to a wide range of SDGs, and that many firms find it economically viable to develop sustainable products and services, firms still face significant hurdles in their sustainability transition. Based on this new evidence, this book provides some recommendations on the design of industrial policies to enhance the contribution of businesses to the SDGs.
    DOI: 10.1787/2cad899f-en
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    Teaching and learning in VET: Providing effective practical training in school-based settings (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Betriebliche Ausbildung ; Berufsbildung ; Coronavirus ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Denmark ; France ; Germany ; Japan ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis is leading to reductions in work-based learning opportunities for vocational education and training (VET) students.This policy brief argues that VET programmes can be adapted to deliver practical components of VET in school-based settings when there is a persistent shortage of work-based learning opportunities. It also describes how innovative technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and simulators can be utilised to facilitate school-based delivery of practical learning, but also to improve the effectiveness of face-to-face and online teaching in VET in the longer‑term.
    DOI: 10.1787/64f5f843-en
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  • 77
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    Dynamics of farm performance and policy impacts: Case studies : Case Studies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.165
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Australia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; France ; Italy ; Norway ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper provides detailed farm level data evidence on the dynamics of farm performance from case studies covering crop farms in Australia, France, Italy and the United Kingdom (England and Wales), and dairy farms in the Czech Republic, Denmark and Norway, with different recent sample periods of five to thirty years. An increase in productivity over time is common to all countries and most crop farm classes, but productivity dynamics vary significantly. In Australia, strong productivity growth among the most productive crop farms has led to an increase in the gap between the highest and lowest performing farms; whereas in France, Italy and the United Kingdom, productivity growth was weak among the most productive crop farms and the lowest performing farms closed the productivity gap. Productivity also increased among dairy farms, with an increasing gap between the most and the least productive farm classes in the three sample countries. The impact of policy changes on performance dynamics is analysed for decoupled payments in France and England, and dairy payments in the Czech Republic. The main findings across countries and policy implications are discussed in OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Paper N°164.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ce71854-en
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    The Economic Benefits of Air Quality Improvements in Arctic Council Countries (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264813274 , 9789264539976 , 9789264956902
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arctic Council ; Luftreinhaltung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Arktis ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Canada ; Denmark ; Finland ; Iceland ; Norway ; Russian Federation ; Sweden ; United States
    Abstract: The Arctic is a vital region that helps preserve the balance of the global climate. The Arctic environment is particularly sensitive to short-lived climate pollutants, including black carbon, due to their strong warming effect. With ambitious policy action to reduce air pollutants, Arctic Council countries would obtain a positive effect on health and the environment throughout their territory, while also helping to slow down climate change by reducing emissions of black carbon. This report calls for ambitious policy action to reduce air pollution in Arctic Council countries, highlighting the environmental, health, and economic benefits from policy action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9c46037d-en
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  • 79
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    Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in Brandenburg, Germany : In-depth policy review (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2021/03
    Keywords: Sozialwirtschaft ; Unternehmensgründung ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Brandenburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Germany
    Abstract: This report provides an in-depth analysis of the policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. It identifies the state’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem. It includes a conceptual framework for social entrepreneurship and social innovation (Chapter 2); with recommendations and analyses to build institutional and legal frameworks for social enterprises (Chapter 3), improve access to finance for social entrepreneurship development (Chapter 4), promote access to private and public markets for social entrepreneurship development (Chapter 5), and strengthen social impact measurement and reporting for social enterprise development (Chapter 6).
    DOI: 10.1787/b2e6825f-en
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  • 80
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    Norway: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264409156
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Norge: Landprofil 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Norwegen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Norway as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/6871e6c4-en
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    Synthesising good practices in fiscal federalism : key recommendations from 15 years of country surveys (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 28 (April 2020)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.28
    Keywords: Economics ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; India ; Indonesia ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Spain ; Switzerland ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The design of intergovernmental fiscal relations can help to ensure that tax and spending powers are assigned in a way to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Decentralisation can enable sub-central governments to provide better public services for households and firms, while it can also make intergovernmental frameworks more complex, harming equity. The challenges of fiscal federalism are multi-faceted and involve difficult trade-offs. This synthesis paper consolidates much of the OECD’s work on fiscal federalism over the past 15 years, with a particular focus on OECD Economic Surveys. The paper identifies a range of good practices on the design of country policies and institutions related strengthening fiscal capacity delineating responsibilities across evels of government and improving intergovernmental co-ordination.
    DOI: 10.1787/89cd0319-en
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  • 82
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    International Compendium of Entrepreneurship Policies (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264329508 , 9789264710146 , 9789264411753
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Australia ; Canada ; Denmark ; Estonia ; France ; Germany ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Portugal ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: It is increasingly understood that entrepreneurship plays a critical role in economic growth and well-being. But which policies can governments develop to release its benefits? This publication offers guidance and inspiration. It identifies the range of entrepreneurship policies being pursued internationally, the problems the policies seek to solve and how they are designed and implemented. The focus is on how to create a broad base of start-ups with the potential for sustainability and growth by building a pipeline of new entrepreneurs, supporting start-ups to overcome barriers in areas such as skills, finance and innovation and stimulating vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems. The publication examines the rationale for entrepreneurship policy, presents a typology of policy approaches and highlights principles for policy success. The points are illustrated by 16 case studies of inspiring practice policies from 12 OECD countries. These cases span policies for regulations and taxation, entrepreneurship education and training, advice and coaching, access to finance, internationalisation, innovation, and holistic packages for ecosystem building. Helpful summary tables guide readers to the information that will respond to their questions. The publication will give readers an overview of key entrepreneurship policy interventions and tips on entrepreneurship policy success.
    DOI: 10.1787/338f1873-en
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  • 83
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    Ageing and Fiscal Challenges across Levels of Government (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264878129 , 9789264360266 , 9789264358157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ageing and fiscal challenges across levels of government
    Keywords: Alternde Bevölkerung ; Finanzbeziehungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Deutschland ; China ; Brasilien ; Kanada ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Germany ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Deutschland ; China ; Brasilien ; Kanada ; Altersstruktur ; Finanzpolitik
    Abstract: Populations in OECD and emerging economies are ageing rapidly, which will have significant macroeconomic impacts, including on public expenditures and tax revenues. The rules and practices that govern fiscal relations among different levels of government, such as their responsibilities for taxation, spending and debt management, have a bearing on economic efficiency and ultimately growth. The consequences of population ageing at subnational government levels are especially intense. Many local governments are vulnerable to the ageing of their populations from a fiscal perspective. The economic and fiscal challenges of an ageing population go beyond intergovernmental boundaries, and they require complex intergovernmental policy responses. This volume brings together cross-country studies of fiscal policy, demographics and spatial productivity, as well as country studies of Brazil, Canada, China and Germany.
    DOI: 10.1787/2bbfbda8-en
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    Strengthening the Governance of Skills Systems : Lessons from Six OECD Countries (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264751804
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strengthening the governance of skills systems
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Estland ; Deutschland ; Südkorea ; Norwegen ; Portugal ; USA ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Estonia ; Germany ; Korea, Republic of ; Norway ; Portugal ; United States
    Abstract: The governance of skills systems has always raised a number of challenges for governments. Being at the intersection of education, labour market, industrial and other policy domains, managing skills policies is inherently complex. Addressing these challenges is more than ever crucial as globalisation, technological progress and demographic change are putting daunting pressures on skills systems to ensure that all members of society are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in a rapidly changing world. Strengthening the Governance of Skills Systems: Lessons from Six OECD Countries provides advice on how to make the governance of skills systems effective. Building on the OECD Skills Strategy 2019, which identified four main challenges of skills systems governance, the report presents examples of how six different countries (Estonia, Germany, Korea, Norway, Portugal and the United States) have responded to one or several of these challenges. It also outlines concrete policy recommendations together with a self-assessment tool which provides guidance to policy makers and stakeholders for designing better skills systems that deliver better skills outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/3a4bb6ea-en
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  • 85
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Germany (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264366381
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Germany (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Deutschland ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Germany ; Deutschland ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Germany.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d6c280c-en
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  • 86
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    L’importance des compétences : Résultats supplémentaires de l'évaluation des compétences des adultes (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264379923 , 9789264387171 , 9789264687448
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les compétences
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Skills Matter: Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Algeria ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: La révolution technologique qui a marqué les dernières décennies du XXe siècle a entraîné une forte augmentation de la demande de facultés de traitement de l’information et d’autres compétences cognitives et interpersonnelles sur le marché du travail. Sur la base des résultats des 33 pays et régions ayant participé aux deux premières vagues de l'Enquête sur les compétences des adultes en 2011-12 et 2014-15, ce rapport décrit les compétences dans trois domaines de traitement de l'information et examine comment les compétences sont liées au marché du travail et aux résultats sociaux. Il décrit notamment les résultats des six pays ayant participé à la troisième vague du premier cycle du PIAAC en 2017-18 (Équateur, États-Unis, Hongrie, Kazakhstan, Mexique et Pérou). L’Évaluation des compétences des adultes, un produit du Programme de l’OCDE pour l’évaluation internationale des compétences des adultes (PIAAC), a été conçue pour montrer dans quelle mesure les individus possèdent certaines de ces facultés et compétences clés et comment ils les utilisent dans le cadre professionnel et dans la vie privée. Cette enquête, la première du genre, évalue directement le niveau de compétence dans trois domaines du traitement de l’information : la littératie, la numératie et la résolution de problèmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/176f15d3-fr
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    Germany 2020 Energy Policy Review (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264709065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Keywords: 2020 ; Energiepolitik ; Deutschland ; Energy ; Germany ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. The “Energiewende” continues to be the defining feature of Germany’s energy policy landscape. In place for nearly a decade, the Energiewende is a major plan for transforming the country’s energy system to make it more efficient and supplied mainly by renewable sources. The Energiewende is clearly visible in electricity generation, where it has increased the share of renewables. Yet despite progress on lowering overall emissions, Germany is struggling to meet its near-term emissions reduction targets, in large part because of uneven progress across sectors. It faces notable challenges in transport and heating. Now, the government must refocus its efforts to achieve stronger emissions reductions in lagging sectors. A recently adopted climate action plan, which includes a carbon price in the transport and heating sectors, represents an important step in the right direction. In its energy transition so far, Germany has maintained a high degree of oil, natural gas and electricity supply security. Planned nuclear and coal phase-outs are set to increase the country’s reliance on natural gas, making it increasingly important to continue efforts to diversify gas supply options, including through liquefied natural gas imports. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Germany smoothly manage the transformation of its energy sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/cedb9b0a-en
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  • 88
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    Education Policy Outlook in Norway (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.20
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Bildungswesen ; Norwegen ; Bildungspolitik ; Bildungswesen ; Norwegen ; Education ; Norway
    Abstract: This country policy profile on education in Norway is part of the Education Policy Outlook series. Building on the first policy profile for Norway (2013), it offers a concise analysis of where the education system stands today in terms of strengths, challenges and ongoing policy efforts, and how this compares to other systems. The profile brings together over a decade’s worth of policy analysis by the Education Policy Outlook, as well as the latest OECD data, relevant thematic and country-specific work and other international and national evidence. It also offers analysis of the Norwegian education system’s initial responses to the COVID-19 crisis and provides insight into approaches to building greater responsiveness and resilience for the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/8a042924-en
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  • 89
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    When the going gets tough, the tough get going: How economic regulators bolster the resilience of network industries in response to the COVID-19 crisis (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Australia ; Brazil ; Canada ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Italy ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; New Zealand ; Peru ; Portugal ; Russian Federation ; Spain ; Turkey ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This policy brief was developed by the Secretariat of the OECD Network of Economic Regulators (NER) and is based on examples of practice submitted by members of the NER. It reviews emergency measures taken by economic regulators during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure continuity of services in network sectors, as well as to adjust regulatory practices and adapt governance arrangements. It identifies long-term questions and implications of the crisis with regard to market structure, infrastructure investment and the role of regulators.
    DOI: 10.1787/cd8915b1-en
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  • 90
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    Building a high-quality early childhood education and care workforce : further results from the starting strong survey 2018 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264442566
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Building a high-quality early childhood education and care workforce
    Keywords: Education ; Chile ; Denmark ; Germany ; Iceland ; Israel ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Norway ; Turkey
    Abstract: The work of early childhood education and care (ECEC) professionals is the major driver of the quality of an ECEC system. As evidence accumulates on the strong benefits of investing in early education, countries need effective policies to attract, maintain and retain a highly skilled workforce in the sector. This report looks at the makeup of the early childhood education and care workforce across countries, assessing how initial preparation programmes compare across different systems, what types of in-service training and informal learning activities help staff to upgrade their skills, and what staff say about their working conditions, as well as identifying policies that can reduce staff stress levels and increase well-being at work. The report also looks at which leadership and managerial practices in ECEC centres contribute to improving the skills, working conditions and working methods of staff. The OECD Starting Strong Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS Starting Strong) is the first international survey that focuses on the early childhood education and care workforce. It offers an opportunity to learn about the characteristics of ECEC staff and centre leaders, their practices at work, and their views on the profession and the sector. This second volume of findings, Building a High-Quality Early Childhood Education and Care Workforce, examines factors that influence the skills development of ECEC professionals, their working conditions and well-being at work, and leadership in ECEC centres.
    DOI: 10.1787/b90bba3d-en
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    Improving school quality in Norway 2020 : Progress with the Competence Development Model (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.8
    Keywords: Education ; Norway
    Abstract: In 2017, the Government of Norway introduced a new competence development model for schools, to provide municipalities and schools with greater freedom of action and empower them to carry out systematic school improvement. This model has the potential to promote collective teacher professionalism, but requires a carefully thought out implementation strategy to yield positive results. From 2018, the OECD partnered with Norway to support this implementation process, and undertook an initial assessment of the implementation strategy of the model (Improving School Quality in Norway: The New Competence Development Model, 2019). In the meantime, the Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training has kept on co-shaping the model with universities and education stakeholders at the regional and local level. This new report assesses progress made, and makes further recommendations to move forward with the model development. The report will be valuable not only for Norway, but also to the many countries that are looking to promote school-based professional development and bridge the gap between policy design and effective implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/98600316-en
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  • 92
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    Open, Useful and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index: 2019 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.01
    Keywords: Governance ; Argentina ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper presents and discusses the general findings and key policy messages of the 2019 OECD Open, Useful and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index, and provides a detailed analysis of the results for each pillar and sub-pillar. Additionally, it assesses the main advancements and challenges related to the design and implementation of open government data (OGD) policies in OECD member and partner countries by comparing the results for 2019 with those of the 2017 edition. This policy paper contributes to the OECD work on the digital transformation of the public sector, including digital government and data-driven public sector and open government data.
    DOI: 10.1787/45f6de2d-en
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  • 93
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    A territorial approach to the Sustainable Development Goals in Viken, Norway (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.03
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Norway
    Abstract: Viken, Norway, was officially formed as a new county on 1 January 2020, merging the previous counties of Akershus, Buskerud and Østfold. The newly elected county government has endorsed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a holistic framework for implementing the Regional Planning Strategy for a Sustainable Viken 2020‑2024, within a complex governance landscape and the concept of planetary boundaries. Viken’s sustainable development challenges and opportunities vary across its 51 municipalities, and between highly urbanised and largely rural areas. A Territorial Approach to the SDGs will help maximise the assets and strengths of all territories of the county and promote better access to economic development opportunities, labour market, skills and education across the county where disparities are witnessed between rural areas and urban centres.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc1b182d-en
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    How reliable are social safety nets? : Value and accessibility in situations of acute economic need (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.252
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Czech Republic ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Italy ; Korea, Republic of ; Slovak Republic ; Spain ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Social protection systems use a range of entitlement criteria. First-tier support typically requires contributions or past employment in many countries, while safety net benefits are granted on the basis of need. In a context of volatile and uncertain labour markets, careful and continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of income support is a key input into an evidence-based policy process. This paper proposes a novel empirical method for monitoring the accessibility and levels of safety net benefits. It focusses on minimum-income benefits (MIB) and other non-contributory transfers and relies on data on the amounts of cash support that individuals in need receive in practice. Results show that accessibility and benefit levels differ enormously across countries – for instance, in 2015/16, more than four out of five low-income workless one-person households received MIB in Australia, France and the United Kingdom, compared to only one in five in Greece, Italy and Korea, three countries that have since sought to strengthen aspects of safety-net provisions.
    DOI: 10.1787/65a269a3-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Norway (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264626201
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Norway (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Norwegen ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Norway
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Norway.
    DOI: 10.1787/48127451-en
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  • 96
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    Unlocking the Potential of Migrants in Germany (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264429208 , 9789264580145 , 9789264924338
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: The German vocational education and training (VET) system is admired around the world for its ability to prepare young people for skilled employment. In Germany, VET smooths transitions into work and is closely aligned with labour market demand. This report focuses on an unprecedented test of the German VET system: how to respond to the significant increase in migrants who arrived in the country in 2015-16. The study explores both the opportunities and the challenges presented by migration. Germany has already devoted significant attention to VET as a mechanism for enabling integration – and for good reason. Work-based learning assists integration because it demonstrably gives learners skills that employers want in real-world settings. The report assesses the barriers faced by learners in their journeys into and through VET, exploring how such challenges can be addressed. In addition, the study looks at system-wide issues in relation to how VET provision and integration policy is governed. Lastly, it explores opportunities for increased flexibility in the German VET system of relevance to all youth at risk of not succeeding in VET. In responding to migrant needs, German VET can become more inclusive without reducing quality
    DOI: 10.1787/82ccc2a3-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveroeffentlichers)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 97
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Norway 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264511811 , 9789264835221 , 9789264955707
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Norwegen ; Development ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. Norway’s commitment to spend 1% of gross national income on official development assistance is supported across the political spectrum. It increasingly uses multilateral channels to promote global public goods and address global challenges. This review looks at the changes to systems, structures and capabilities that would help Norway deliver on its shifting approach to development co-operation. These include strategic oversight to align programming with Norway's overall vision and policies for sustainable development; strengthened approaches to results, knowledge and risk management; and taking a bolder approach to cross-cutting issues such as human rights, gender, climate and environment, and anti-corruption.
    DOI: 10.1787/75084277-en
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  • 98
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    Germany: Country Health Profile 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264583115
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Deutschland: Länderprofil Gesundheit 2019
    Keywords: 2010-2017 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Germany as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/36e21650-en
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  • 99
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    Improving School Quality in Norway : The New Competence Development Model (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264573048
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Implementing Education Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving school quality in Norway
    Keywords: Schulpolitik ; Qualität ; Norwegen ; Education ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Schulpolitik ; Qualität
    Abstract: Norway is committed to a high quality and equitable education system, as demonstrated by its high level of public expenditure on education and the dynamic policy activity targeting education quality. Despite progress made in enhancing average student performance in recent years, there still are significant differences between schools in municipalities and between municipalities and regions. In response, Norway has started to implement the new competence development model that sets out to develop teacher professionalism with in-service professional development. With this new policy, the Government of Norway aims to provide municipalities and schools with greater freedom of action and empower them to carry out systematic school improvements at the local level. This decentralised approach would respond to local context and the diversity of needs between Norwegian schools. This report aims to support Norway in this effort, analysing the features of the new model, the engagement of the different stakeholders and the policy context for its introduction. Building on the OECD implementation framework, the report proposes concrete actions to adapt the implementation strategy for impact. The report will be valuable not only for Norway, but also to the many countries that are looking to promote school-based professional development and bridge the gap between policy design and effective implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/179d4ded-en
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  • 100
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    Public Procurement in Germany : Strategic Dimensions for Well-being and Growth (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264390713 , 9789264707795 , 9789264948211
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (293 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Öffentliche Vergabe in Deutschland: Strategische Ansatzpunkte zum Wohl der Menschen und für wirtschaftliches Wachstum
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public procurement in Germany
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Deutschland ; Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: As the largest economy in Europe, Germany has a massive public procurement market, accounting for around 15% of GDP (EUR 500 billion) per year and affecting many areas of the economy and society. This review analyses public procurement's impact on the well-being of Germany's citizens by focusing on six areas: economic impact and beyond, the legal and governance framework, centralisation, e-procurement, strategic procurement and human capital. In addition, it analyses procurement at subnational level, since almost 80% of procurement in Germany is conducted by Länder and local governments.
    DOI: 10.1787/1db30826-en
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