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  • 1995-1999  (653)
  • 1935-1939  (317)
  • OECD  (653)
  • Spamer, Adolf (1883-1953)  (317)
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Year
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Publisher
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Subjects(RVK)
  • 101
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Children and Families at Risk : New Issues in Integrating Services (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264164093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Fears of the prospect of growing social exclusion have become important concerns in recent years for many countries. Improving the quality of education and the standards attained by students to improve employability is one of the tools being used to prevent exclusion. However, changing social realities are leaving young children and students more exposed than ever to failure at school and unemployment. It is becoming increasingly clear that communities, education systems, schools and teachers are not equipped to deal with the many problems which arise and when social or health services become involved conflicts of interest can arise leading to actions which are not always in the clients' best interests. The necessity to provide greater co-ordination among these services, to improve their efficiency and effectiveness and to provide a seamless support to meet the holistic needs of students and their families is now becoming more accepted. Such an approach, inter alia, is community-based, emphasises prevention rather than being crisis-oriented, is customer-driven rather than being focused on an agency, and is accountable through outcomes rather than inputs. For many, better co-ordination of services is seen as the only solution available which is commensurate with our present democratic societies. All of the papers in this book were presented at a conference held in Toronto, Canada. They are original and have been written by policy-makers from different ministries, researchers from different disciplines and clients who come variously from Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the USA.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264164093-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 102
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Regulatory Reform in Japan 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation au Japon 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation au Japon 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: OECD's 1999 review of regulatory reform in Japan. It finds that regulatory reform is at the heart of Japan’s strategy for economic recovery and long-term growth. Identified as a priority by the Japanese Government as early as 1994, considerable progress in regulatory reform has already been made. But today it is essential that regulatory reform be deepened and accelerated. This report calls for a "sharp break" with the regulatory practices and doctrines of the past. Energetic measures, including both sectoral reform and reform of framework conditions, need to be adopted quickly to complete the transition from a state-led growth model, now largely ineffective, to a market-driven growth model, the only model capable of laying the foundation for sustainable competitiveness and prosperity in Japan. Japan was one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as electricity and telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173712-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 103
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Asia and the global crisis : the industrial dimension (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Asia and the global crisis
    RVK:
    QM 331
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Asiatisch-Pazifischer Raum ; Währungskrise ; Industrie
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173620-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 104
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparing youth for the 21st century : the transition from education to the labour market; proceedings of the Washington D.C. conference, 23 - 24 February 1999; [Conference "Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: the Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Preparing youth for the 21st century
    RVK:
    QV 240
    RVK:
    DL 2000
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Berufsbildung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173422-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 105
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advanced Reactors with Innovative Fuels : Workshop Proceedings, Villigen, Switzerland 21-23 October 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173866
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (462 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Plutonium and minor actinide burning or recycling in thermal and fast reactors is being studied in many countries with the aim of maintaining and developing fuel cycle options which can be adjusted to changing demands and constraints. The challenge is to move towards an economically and socially sustainable nuclear energy system based on advanced reactors - advanced water-cooled reactors, fast reactors and perhaps accelerator-based, hybrid reactors - and new types of fuel cycles which help to minimise the waste arising. An additional issue concerns the availability of resources for the long-term future. This workshop introduced new ideas on R&D activities and identified areas and research tasks relevant for the deployment of new systems and in which international co-operation can be strengthened. The roles played by existing experimental facilities as well as possible needs for new ones are discussed. The conclusions of the technical sessions are synthesised and the results of a round table discussion on international co-operation are presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173866-en
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  • 106
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental indicators for agriculture (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Repr.
    Edition: Bd. 1 (Concepts and framework) - 2 (Issues and design)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental indicators for agriculture
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Vol. 1: Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2: Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
    RVK:
    ZB 60400
    RVK:
    AR 28100
    RVK:
    ZA 76000
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173750-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 107
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural finance and credit infrastructure in transition economies : proceedings of OECD expert meeting, Moscow, February 1999; [second Expert Meeting on Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Agricultural finance and credit infrastructure in transition economie
    DDC: 330.09
    RVK:
    QK 490
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Osteuropa ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Agrarkredit
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173811-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 108
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental requirements for industrial permitting (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264172580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Bd. 1 - 3
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental requirements for industrial permitting
    Keywords: OECD ; Industrie ; Konzession ; Umwelt
    Note: Erschienen Bd. 1 - 3
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172586-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 109
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development Co-operation Reviews: Denmark 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.33
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Danemark 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Danemark 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Denmark's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that Denmark is the top performer among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in terms of the volume of its official development assistance (ODA). Denmark’s ODA volume has been maintained at around 1% of gross national product (GNP) since 1992, thanks to a strong consensus and public support for development aid. The quality of Denmark’s aid effort is also most impressive. In particular this high volume of aid is supported by a strong long-range strategy, whose directions - and especially the central emphasis on poverty reduction - are in harmony with the Development Partnership Strategy agreed by the DAC in 1996. Denmark has succeeded in concentrating its bilateral assistance on 20 countries, 18 of which are low-income or least developed countries. Aid is concentrated on sectors of particular relevance to the poor and on programmes in the poorest areas of these countries, thus working towards the goal of poverty reduction. Since 1996, Denmark has pursued a policy of "active multilateralism" to promote its concerns for increased focus and efficiency in multilateral aid programmes. However, there is no clear evidence that this policy has greatly advanced the intended results, as it still reflects a largely unilateral approach more than a joint endeavour. Denmark is a long-standing positive example of the integration of the aid system with other aspects of foreign relations. This approach combines policy coherence in Denmark’s relations with developing countries and professionalism in the aid programme, enhanced by an effective decentralisation of responsibility to embassies in programme countries. This integrated approach has helped Danish development assistance (Danida) to pioneer since 1994 a shift in aid implementation from project support to Sector Programme Support (SPS), an approach which should be mutually reinforcing with the DAC’s Partnership Strategy. It implies also a stepping up in co-ordination activities, both between donors and with partner countries, which Denmark has fully backed.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173088-en
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  • 110
    Online Resource
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Spain 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Espagne 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Espagne 1998
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: The Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of Spain's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that The Spanish Government is making significant efforts to consolidate the political framework for development co-operation and improve the quality and transparency of its aid. A draft law on development co-operation was submitted to Parliament in the autumn of 1997 and new planning and evaluation systems for aid management are being introduced, including a multi-year indicative plan and country programmes. Despite severe budgetary constraints, an increase in the aid budget is also envisaged. These initiatives were well received by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) during the review of Spain's aid policies and programmes. The Committee also took note of the major improvement in the balance of the Spanish aid effort with a significant increase in the grant aid programme, accompanied by a decline in the tied Development Aid Fund (FAD) loan component, and expressed the hope that this trend would continue. The DAC encouraged the Spanish authorities to pursue their efforts to ensure greater consistency of the FAD loans with the overall development objectives and policy directions for Spanish aid. In relation to general good practice among donors, the Committee indicated its support for the measures to enhance the effectiveness of the Spanish aid programme and its capacity to implement and suggested that the Spanish authorities consider a number of further initiatives
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174290-en
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  • 111
    Online Resource
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    Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: México 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264467286
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Mexico 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Mexique 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Mexique 1999
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264467286-es
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  • 112
    Online Resource
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    UEM : Faits, défis et politiques (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272606
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (238 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. EMU; Facts, Challenges and Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. EMU: Facts, Challenges and Policies
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: Le lancement de l'euro jette les bases d'une intégration économique sans précédent rassemblant 11 pays, 16 % du PIB mondial et 290 millions d'habitants. Pour la première fois l'OCDE étudie la « zone euro » comme une entité à part entière et analyse la préparation minutieuse qui a mené à la monnaie unique ainsi que les enjeux soulevés par son introduction. La convergence macro-économique déjà réalisée et le cadre institutionnel désormais en place ne doivent pas faire oublier qu'il subsiste nombre d'incertitudes.Une articulation des politiques monétaire et budgétaire qui soit à la hauteur des enjeux reste à définir. La capacité de l'UEM à absorber les chocs économiques doit en outre être revue et renforcée. Plus particulièrement, une flexibilité accrue du marché du travail apparaît primordiale afin de compenser la perte d'autonomie monétaire qu'implique la participation à l'UEM et ainsi éviter que les ajustements ne s'effectuent davantage au détriment de l'emploi. Un chapitre spécial de cet ouvrage aborde les obstacles que constituent encore le manque de mobilité des travailleurs et la trop grande rigidité des modes de fixation des salaires. Les enjeux des années à venir résident dans ces questions, et cet ouvrage les aborde à la lumière des analyses les plus éclairantes que permet la réflexion économique contemporaine. Sa vocation n'est pas de donner des recettes figées, mais plutôt de dégager, sur la base d'analyses et de chiffres inédits, les lignes d'action les plus favorables au succès de l'union monétaire. Une lecture exigeante et sans complaisance, qui s'adresse à tous ceux qui souhaitent comprendre les mécanismes économiques à l'oeuvre.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272606-fr
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  • 113
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    SET Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations - Binder+1999 Update (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264187757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (263 p)
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264187757-en
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  • 114
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    Aid Activities in South-East Europe : Creditor Reporting System 1990/1998 = Activités d'aide en Europe du Sud-Est : Système de notification des pays créanciers 1990/1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073890
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Aid Activities in South-East Europe provides detailed information on individual commitments of Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Official Aid in the Balkan region for the years 1990-1998. This special edition includes the commitments reported by Members of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) as well as statistical tables which provide a more comprehensive picture. Data presented are unique, comparable and consistent with DAC statistics' definitions and methodologies. This publication contributes to the European Commission's and World Bank's joint effort to provide information on aid activities undertaken by OECD/DAC donors in South-East Europe. The information is designed for development agencies and institutions involved in country/sector programming and analysis. For each country, transactions are ordered by commitment year and sector, and for each sector, by donor.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073890-en-fr
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  • 115
    Online Resource
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    Measuring Globalisation: The Role of Multinationals in OECD Economies 1999 : = Mesurer la mondialisation: le poids des multinationales dans les économies de l'OCDE 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264074187
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication presents for the first time detailed data on the role played by multinationals in the industrial sectors of the OECD economies. In an era of globalisation, these data highlight the increasing importance of multinationals in the economies of host countries, particularly in production, employment, value added, research and exports. The data also show that multinationals make a positive contribution to the economic development of host countries: productivity levels are well above those of national firms; salaries are generally higher; and numbers of employees are growing faster than those of national firms. The R&D efforts and technology transfers of multinationals strengthen the innovation capacity and competitiveness of host countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264074187-en-fr
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  • 116
    Online Resource
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    OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Regulatory Reform in the Netherlands 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173774
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The Dutch experience in regulatory reform has vital lessons about the modernisation of the European welfare state and its integration into the European single market. Regulatory reform is the most recent element in the reshaping of the Dutch model. Following reforms to labour markets and the social welfare system in the 1980s, Dutch governments in the 1990s have sought a "new balance between protection and dynamism" based on competition policy, regulatory reform, and market openness. Today, the Netherlands ranks among the top OECD countries by many measures of economic performance, including employment growth. Though still in its early phases, regulatory reform has already produced major gains for the Netherlands in terms of competitiveness, flexibility, and consumer benefits. Yet major challenges are still to be faced. Some important reforms have been slow, indicating that the balance between domestic consensus-building and policy responsiveness is still being adjusted in the modern Dutch model. Further reforms in many areas will bring important gains in boosting the employment rate, improving sectoral performance, and providing social protection at lower cost. The Netherlands is one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as electricity and telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173774-en
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  • 117
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    Energie : les cinquante prochaines années (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273160
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energy; The Next Fifty Years
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energy: The Next Fifty Years
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Les combustibles fossiles vont-ils rester longtemps la source d'énergie prédominante ? L'énergie nucléaire a-t-elle un avenir ? Quelles technologies énergétiques se profilent à l'horizon ? Quelles sont les implications du rôle grandissant joué par les pays en développement en tant que producteurs et consommateurs d'énergie ? Comment évitera-t-on à l’avenir les crises énergétiques internationales ? Quelle influence la société de l'information aura-t-elle sur les modes de production et de consommation d'énergie ? Enfin, quelles conséquences les accords internationaux de protection de l'environnement destinés à assurer un avenir énergétique durable auront-ils à long terme ? Les efforts tendant à assurer des ressources énergétiques durables entrent aujourd’hui dans une phase décisive. A l'horizon 2050, le paysage énergétique pourrait être complètement bouleversé. On disposera d’une palette de sources d'énergie classiques et nouvelles très diversifiée. Les systèmes de transport, le logement et les autres infrastructures atteindront sans doute des niveaux sans précédent d'efficacité énergétique. Et les populations pourront enfin bénéficier de modes de vie respectueux de l'environnement. Des décennies seront toutefois nécessaires pour parvenir à une utilisation durable de l'énergie. Cet ouvrage passe en revue les choix qui façonneront la scène énergétique au cours des cinquante prochaines années et analyse certaines des questions clés -- d'ordre économique, social, technologique ou écologique -- auxquelles les décideurs publics et privés doivent s'attaquer sans tarder.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273160-fr
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  • 118
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    Perspectives de l'emploi de l'OCDE : juin 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173149
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    DOI: 10.1787/empl_outlook-1999-fr
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  • 119
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    Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Enseignement tertiaire et recherche en Fédération de Russie 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273412
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Tertiary Education and Research in the Russian Federation 1999
    Keywords: Education ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: La rapidité, la nature et le caractère incertain de l’évolution de la situation économique, sociale et politique de la Fédération de Russie continuent à poser d'immenses défis pour l’enseignement tertiaire et la recherche dans les universités, les écoles professionnelles de niveau supérieur et les instituts de l’Académie des Sciences. Ces défis appellent des stratégies de réformes afin d’élargir le champ des opportunités d’apprentissage dans l’enseignement tertiaire et d'accroître la qualité et l'étendue de la recherche, mais aussi afin que l’enseignement tertiaire et la recherche puissent alimenter la croissance économique et contribuer au bien-être social. Cet ouvrage s'appuie sur l’une des études les plus récentes, complètes et prospectives en la matière. L’examen proposé tient compte des structures spécifiques, des atouts et des traditions de l’enseignement tertiaire et de la recherche en Fédération de Russie. Il offre un ensemble d’orientations générales et de recommandations spécifiques pour les politiques concernant des questions clés telles que : l’accès, la qualité et les niveaux d’enseignement ; les nouvelles orientations permettant de diversifier et rendre accessible l’enseignement tertiaire ; la qualité de la recherche dans les établissements académiques et les instituts de recherche ; et les réformes dans la gestion, l’administration et le financement de l’enseignement et de la recherche. Cet examen de l’enseignement tertiaire et des politiques de recherche a été précédé par une première analyse du système d’enseignement général russe intitulée Examens des politiques nationales d’éducation : Fédération de Russie.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273412-fr
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  • 120
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    Research on Transport Economics (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264074170
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: 31
    DOI: 10.1787/res_transp-1999-en-fr
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  • 121
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    Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: The Transition from Education to the Labour Market : Proceedings of the Washington D.C. Conference -- 23-24 February 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Young people's situation and future prospects are of vital concern to us all. Many of them face high unemployment or joblessness and serious difficulties in getting a firm foothold into the labour market. Many leave school without the requisite skills or competences needed in today’s economy and society. Many are also experiencing falling relative (and sometimes real) wages and considerable uncertainty as to whether or not they will be able to settle into good careers. But at the same time, our ageing societies need, more than ever before, to harness the potential of all of our young people. This publication points the way to future initiatives to improve youth labour market and educational outcomes as identified by policy-makers and experts of OECD countries brought together at the Washington Conference "Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: The Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades", held on 23-24 February 1999. To give the most comprehensive picture to date, it first puts today's challenges into a historical perspective by taking stock of two decades of policies for youth employment. But more substantially, this book provides insight into experiences and policy issues in the United States, as well as in Europe and Japan, with a stress on the special needs of disadvantaged youth. All of us interested in making sure we give youth a good start in education and in establishing rewarding labour market careers will find this compendium a milestone in youth employment debate.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173422-en
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  • 122
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    Environmental Indicators for Agriculture : Vol. 1: Concepts and Framework Vol. 2: Issues and Design -- "The York Workshop" (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173750
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Vol. 1; Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2; Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This book, the result of the OECD York Workshop in the United Kingdom attended by some of the leading experts in the field, examines two key aspects of developing environmental indicators for agriculture. One discusses the identification and design of suitable indicators, the methodology to be used in their measurement and issues relating to interpretation. The other looks at how governments and other users would use indicators for policy purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173750-en
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  • 123
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    Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies : Proceedings of OECD Expert Meeting, Moscow, February 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: How to develop an effective and sustainable agricultural and rural finance system in a climate of accumulated debts, insolvency of the majority of agricultural enterprises, low profitability of agricultural production, and an unstable macro-economic situation - How to create a banking system that services agriculture and is adapted to diverse farm structures - How to introduce alternative financial and credit institutions and mechanisms - How to establish contractual arrangements between primary agriculture and the up- and downstream sectors - What should be the role of governments in establishing such systems? These are some of the issues addressed in the proceedings of the OECD expert meeting: "Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies", held in Moscow in February 1999. The meeting brought together over 200 policy-makers, government officials, independent
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173811-en
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  • 124
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    Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor-Based Plutonium Disposition : Workshop Proceedings - Paris, France, 28-30 September 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173385
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor Based Plutonium Disposition (1998 : Paris) Proceedings of the Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor-Based Plutonium Disposition
    RVK:
    UN 5200
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Kernbrennstoff ; Plutonium
    Abstract: Following recent disarmament agreements, the Russian Federation and the USA have declared part of their stockpiles of weapons-grade plutonium as a surplus to their national defense needs. This material needs to be disposed of, and one of the suggested means of doing so is burning it in existing reactors and transforming the material into spent fuel. The experience in these two countries with mixed oxide fuel (MOX) is either dated or scarce. Several European countries and Japan, however, have acquired much experience in using MOX fuel in reactors which was shared at this important workshop. This publication presents the workshop results which reviewed existing technical information from the civil nuclear power programmes that are beneficial to weapons-grade plutonium disposition. It also proposes concrete actions that could help expedite this process in the near future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173385-en
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  • 125
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    Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264266315
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the driving forces binding countries into closer economic interdependence. The rapid increase in FDI flows has generated considerable debate about its environmental implications, in particular the impacts on environmental quality in the investment host country. A broader issue is the role of FDI in promoting sustainable development. To date, much of the debate has been polemical in nature. This volume moves the debate forward by analysing in a clear and considered manner the key issues in the FDI and environment relationship. Empirical evidence from OECD and non-OECD countries is presented and the strengths and weaknesses of policy and institutional frameworks that guide investors' environmental behaviour are discussed. In addition, the emerging role of voluntary commitments on the environment is examined. Best practices in this area are highlighted. The papers were presented at the OECD Conference on Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment held in January 1999 in The Hague.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264266315-en
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  • 126
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    Décentralisation et infrastructure locale au Mexique : Une nouvelle politique publique de développement (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274471
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Decentralisation and Local Infrastructure in Mexico; A New Public Policy for Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Decentralisation and Local Infrastructure in Mexico: A New Public Policy for Development
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: Quel impact la décentralisation peut-elle avoir sur l'environnement économique et social des régions rurales et urbaines du Mexique ? En quoi les fonds publics et privés investis dans les infrastructures locales peuvent-ils permettre de mieux répondre aux besoins locaux et promouvoir le développement économique ? Le développement à l'échelle locale peut-il aider à réduire les inégalités sociales et économiques ? Cette publication jette un jour nouveau sur la question de la décentralisation au Mexique. Elle montre que la décentralisation peut rendre les processus de décision plus efficaces et accroître la participation locale aux questions de développement. La décentralisation peut fournir un cadre plus favorable pour améliorer les infrastructures locales et drainer les ressources financières nécessaires, qu'elles soient publiques ou privées. Moderniser les réseaux d'infrastructure dans les villes et les régions mexicaines permettrait d' améliorer la qualité de vie et faciliterait le développement économique, stimulant par là même l'entreprenaiat et l'emploi. Grâce aux initiatives prises dans cette optique, le Mexique amorce un tournant majeur caractérisé par une plus grande adaptation à la mondialisation de l'économie et au pluralisme croissant du système mexicain. A terme, le Mexique tirera ainsi mieux parti de ses ressources naturelles et humaines, il réduira les inégalités tout en en accroissant les opportunités sur l'ensemble de son territoire.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274471-fr
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    Preparing for the Future - A Vision of West Africa in the Year 2020 : West Africa Long-Term Perspective Study (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Club du Sahel
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174320
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Préparer l'avenir de l'Afrique de l'Ouest - Une vision à l'horizon 2020 ; Étude des perspectives à long terme en Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Préparer l'avenir de l'Afrique de l'Ouest - Une vision à l'horizon 2020 : Étude des perspectives à long terme en Afrique de l'Ouest
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QG 720
    Keywords: Development ; Westafrika ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: Between 1960 and 2020, the population of West Africa will have increased fivefold, even with the most optimistic assumptions of increased contraceptive use. This unprecedented demographic explosion is accompanied by another major change: Exposure to the world economy, that began after World War II and became particularly significant after independence.These two shocks will have far-reaching effects on all aspects of the region's economies and societies. Moreover, West Africa's population distribution will be radically altered with urban populations increasing by a factor of twenty over the same period. Population growth, migration and changing settlement patterns greatly influence economic, political, social, and institutional forms of organisation. In this context, and contrary to conventional wisdom, the people of West Africa are actively producing, consuming, trading and accumulating capital in a way that is significantly underestimated by national accounts. This study attemps to glean a more accurate understanding of the real economy of the West Africa region, an economy which provides the basis for many livelihoods.The Study was carried on with the assistance of the European Commission, the African Development Bank, the World Bank, Belgium, Canada, France, the Netherlands and the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174320-en
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    Les services stratégiques aux entreprises (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273597
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strategic Business Services
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les services stratégiques aux entreprises, que cet ouvrage étudie dans 21 pays de l'OCDE, englobent les services de logiciels et de traitement de l'information, les services de recherche-développement (R-D) et techniques, les services de marketing, d'organisation de l'entreprise (services de conseil en gestion et de recrutement du personnel), et de mise en valeur des ressources humaines. Ces services se sont développés à un rythme d’environ 10 % par an, leur chiffre d’affaires cumulé devant avoisiner 1 500 milliards de dollars des États-Unis en 1999. Ces services, qui sont créateurs d’emplois, représentent au moins 11 millions d’emplois directs dans les pays de l’OCDE. Au milieu des années 90, les services d’organisation de l’entreprise étaient le principal employeur avec 3,6 millions d’emplois dans les services de recrutement de personnel et 1,5 million dans le conseil en gestion. L’excellente performance de ce secteur tient à de nombreux facteurs : l'évolution générale de l’économie vers les services, la montée des économies fondées sur le savoir, le besoin d'une plus grande flexibilité au sein des entreprises, la spécialisation et la division accrue du travail dans de nombreux secteurs, le recours des entreprises bien établies à la sous-traitance et la tendance à privilégier les petites unités de production et entreprises. Les pouvoirs publics peuvent influencer la demande de services aux entreprises en favorisant les investissements incorporels du secteur privé dans la R-D, dans la formation et l'éducation et dans l'organisation de l'entreprise, et en soutenant l’offre de ces services à travers toute une série d’organismes intermédiaires. La fourniture de services stratégiques aux entreprises est considérée comme essentielle pour améliorer la performance et la compétitivité des PME. Pays couverts Allemagne Australie Autriche Canada Danemark Espagne États-Unis Finlande France Irlande Italie Japon Mexique Norvège Nouvelle-Zélande Pays-Bas Portugal Royaume-Uni Suède Suisse Turquie
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273597-fr
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    The Environmental Goods and Services Industry : Manual for Data Collection and Analysis (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173651
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'industrie des biens et services environnementaux ; Manuel de collecte et d'analyse des données
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'industrie des biens et services environnementaux : Manuel de collecte et d'analyse des données
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services ; Beispielsammlung ; Umwelttechnik ; Klassifikation
    Abstract: Globally, the environmental goods and services industry is growing rapidly in response to environmental pressures and the shift towards business and government strategies that are more sustainable over the long term. However, the industry which supplies the goods and services that enable businesses and nations to meet environmental challenges is poorly identified, measured and understood. This manual, which has been jointly developed by the OECD and Eurostat, aims to provide a firm basis for constructing comparable statistics of the environmental industry. It is based on recent experience in OECD countries in building up a quantitative statistical picture of this crosscutting industry that is not well identified in traditional statistical systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173651-en
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    Foreign Direct Investment Policy and Promotion in Latin America (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173729
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Política y Promoción de la Inversión Extranjera Directa en América Latina
    RVK:
    QM 355
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Lateinamerika ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: What is the investment policy orientation in Latin America in the light of the present world financial environment? What are the perspectives for developing a multilateral framework for investment rules and what would be the Latin American involvement in this effort? How can appropriate policies and regulatory environment for attracting foreign direct investment in Latin America be created? These were the main issues of the Lima Workshop on "Foreign Direct Investment Policy and Promotion in Latin America" organised in December 1998 by the OECD and the Commission of the European Union in co-operation with the Peruvian Government. This set of texts can constitute a reference work on foreign investment policy for policy makers and experts in the public sector, actors in the private sector and academics both in emerging market economies and in OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173729-en
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    Environmental Activities in Uranium Mining and Milling (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Nuclear Energy Agency
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173743
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aspects environnementaux de la production d'uranium
    RVK:
    QR 535
    RVK:
    AR 18200
    RVK:
    UN 5110
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy ; Bericht ; Uranproduktion ; Umweltschutz ; Uranbergbau ; Aufbereitung ; Berge ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Strahlenschutz ; Umweltschutz ; Staat ; Uranbergbau ; Halde ; Sanierung ; Umweltschutz
    Abstract: Environmental activities in uranium mining and milling are becoming increasingly important owing to: - the stricter requirements for new facilities being imposed by many countries in the form of environmental clearance approvals; - the large number of uranium production facilities which have been taken out of operation recently; - and, the restoration and reclamation measures that are being considered for many old sites which have been closed permanently. This book provides an overview of environmental activities related to uranium production based on survey responses from 29 countries. It discusses environmental and safety activities related to the closure and remediation of formerly utilised sites; the operation, monitoring and control of producing sites; and the planning, licensing and authorisation of new facilities. It includes an overview of the reported interests of specialists working in the field, including sensitivity of ecosystems, environmental impact assessment, emissions to air and water, work environment, radiation safety, waste handling and disposal, mine and mill decommissioning and site restoration, and the regulation of these activities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173743-en
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    Environmental Indicators for Agriculture : Concepts and Framework Volume 1 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Concepts et cadre d'analyse Volume 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Concepts et cadre d'analyse Volume 1
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Grundlage
    Abstract: Little quantitative information is available to assess the impacts, both harmful and beneficial, of agriculture on the environment and to measure how different policy measures affect the environment. To help fill these gaps, a major effort is underway in the OECD to develop a set of policy-relevant agri-environmental indicators. This first volume, of the series Environmental Indicators for Agriculture, outlines an analytical framework to further the analysis of agri-environmental linkages and sustainable agriculture. It describes the main environmental concepts in agriculture of relevance to OECD policy-makers and the indicators that need to be calculated: the use of nutrients, pesticides, and water; land conservation; water and soil quality; greenhouse gases; biodiversity; wildlife habitats; landscape; and environmental impacts related to farm management practices, the availability of farm financial resources, and rural socio-cultural issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173873-en
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  • 133
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    Trouver des problèmes aux solutions : Vingt ans d'aide au Sahel (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Club du Sahel
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272903
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Finding Problems to Fit the Solutions; Twenty Years of Aid to the Sahel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Finding Problems to Fit the Solutions: Twenty Years of Aid to the Sahel
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La coopération internationale traverse une crise. Chacun s'interroge aujourd'hui sur son efficacité et même parfois son utilité. Après dix ans de " fatigue de l'aide ", voici un ouvrage lucide mais constructif qui jette un jour nouveau sur les problèmes rencontrés et fournit des propositions de réformes judicieuses et innovatrices. L'analyse de Jean-David Naudet constitue une contribution réelle à la littérature sur l'aide. Son approche combine la sensibilité du sociologue et l'expérience du praticien, tout en faisant quelques incursions clairvoyantes dans la théorie des organisations.A la fois pragmatique et concret, ce livre se fonde sur des contributions et des ateliers organisés par le Club du Sahel dans le cadre d'une étude approfondie sur la coopération internationale. Son style tranchant et son heureux usage des citations et des exemples en rendent la lecture particulièrement plaisante.Si cet ouvrage couvre essentiellement la région sahélienne, le diagnostic et les réformes qu'il propose restent pertinents pour l'ensemble de l'Afrique, et même au-delà. De même, le tableau saisissant qu'il dresse de la relation de coopération et de l'aide trouvera des échos dans bien des pays. " Naudet mérite d'être félicité pour avoir produit un ouvrage aussi provocateur et percutant" ElliotBerg. Jean-David Naudet est actuellement économiste au Groupement d’intérêt scientifique DIAL (Développement et insertion internationale).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272903-fr
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    Managing National Innovation Systems (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les systèmes nationaux d'innovation
    RVK:
    QR 000
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: With the emergence of a knowledge-based society, innovation has become an increasingly important factor in the competitiveness of firms, the prosperity of nations and dynamic world growth. Innovation uses scientific progress to meet the changing needs of society and is thus one of the keys to sustainable development. Promoting innovation is now a high priority in most OECD countries. However, the pursuit of this objective is often hampered by an inadequate understanding of the extent to which the mechanisms of innovation are being transformed by globalisation, the development of information and communications technologies and the expanding scientific knowledge base. Drawing on new empirical data, this book analyses the fundamental changes in the linkages between industry and the science system as well as in the nature of the competencies required for firms to innovate. The changes which are transforming the respective roles of competition and co-operation in stimulating innovation and which are enabling enterprise creation and SMIs to play an increasingly active role in innovation are also examined. This book shows that innovation performance depends on the way in which the different components of the "innovation system" -- businesses, universities and other research bodies - interact with one another at the local, national and international levels, and concludes that the public authorities must change their approach to the promotion of innovation. This study defines the aims and tools of this new innovation policy and identifies examples of good policy practice recently implemented in OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189416-en
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    Aspects sociaux du transport routier (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273047
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Social Aspects of Road Transport
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Le séminaire, qui s’est tenu à Paris en décembre 1998, a été un forum de discussion particulièrement intéressant puisqu'il a permis de rassembler la communauté scientifique internationale et les instances en charge de la préparation des décisions politiques. Réunissant des délégués de plus de trente pays d’Europe, il a été l’occasion de débats autour de quatre thèmes récurrents : - les conditions de travail, notamment les effets des modifications envisagées du temps de travail sur la sûreté du travail et la santé du conducteur ; - l’accès à la profession et le devenir de celle-ci ; - les enjeux économiques, que ce soit la compétitivité des entreprises, la sous-traitance, la concurrence entre entreprises ou entre pays ; - le rôle et les limites des autorités publiques : faut-il de nouveaux règlements ou ne doit-on pas avant tout veiller à appliquer les règlements existants ? Doit-on aller vers des conventions collectives ou des règlements nationaux/internationaux ? Quels contrôles instaurer et quelles doivent en être les modalités ?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273047-fr
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    Sécurité routière : comment communiquer ? : Séminaire international - Varsovie, 2-3 octobre 1997 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273054
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Communication in Road Safety; International Seminar - Warsaw, 2-3 October 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Communication in Road Safety: International Seminar - Warsaw, 2-3 October 1997
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: L’objectif de ce séminaire qui s’est déroulé les 2 et 3 octobre 1997 au Centre de Conférences de Josefow, près de Varsovie, était de définir le rôle et la place de la communication dans le domaine de la sécurité routière, d'étudier les diverses stratégies de communication et d'en identifier les limites. Ce séminaire a rassemblé 130 experts venant de vingt-trois pays différents, qu'il s'agisse de pays Membres ou de pays associés aux travaux de la CEMT en tant qu’observateurs. Il est ressorti des débats que la communication est l’un des éléments d’une politique globale de sécurité routière, élément qui vise à informer, sensibiliser, éduquer, convaincre et finalement modifier les attitudes et les comportements. Selon les thèmes retenus, les cultures nationales et les cibles à atteindre, les moyens mis en oeuvre et les canaux de communication peuvent être différents d’un pays à l’autre. En tout état de cause, il apparaît que la communication ne saurait être une fin en soi : elle ne peut qu’accompagner ou amplifier d’autres mesures. Aussi doit-elle s’inscrire dans la durée et veiller à ce que les objectifs fixés soient atteints. Il est également indispensable que les travaux de communication fassent l'objet d'évaluations rigoureuses.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273054-fr
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    Liberalisation of International Insurance Operations : Cross-border Trade and Establishment of Foreign Branches = Libéraliser les opérations internationales d'assurance : Les échanges transfrontières et l'établissement de succursales étrangères (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073074
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QR 560
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Versicherungswirtschaft ; Internationalisierung
    Abstract: This publication provides a unique overview and analysis of the main measures and practices which affect international insurance operations in OECD countries. The survey focuses in particular on main insurance fields where obstacles to a full liberalisation may still exist, i.e. cross-border trade and establishment of foreign branches. This is the first time since 1983 that such a work is undertaken by the OECD. This study will certainly contribute to further liberalisation of insurance markets in OECD countries and will provide an indispensable reference tool for any person involved in issues related to trade in insurance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073074-en-fr
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  • 138
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    Les investissements en infrastructure de transport -- 1985-1995 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273115
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Investment in Transport Infrastructure -- 1985-1995
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette publication décrit l’évolution des investissements consacrés aux infrastructures de transport en Europe de 1985 à 1995. Ces informations concernent les routes, les chemins de fer, les systèmes ferroviaires urbains, les voies navigables intérieures, les oléoducs, les ports et les aéroports des pays membres de la Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports. Les investissements liés aux infrastructures de transport intermodal/combiné font l’objet de considérations spécifiques. Des informations sont également données sur les dépenses d'entretien des infrastructures de transport. Enfin, le lecteur trouvera pour la première fois dans cet ouvrage des données sur les dépenses d’infrastructure des pays d’Europe centrale et orientale. Pays membres de la CEMT : Albanie, Allemagne, Autriche, Azerbaïdjan, Bélarus, Belgique, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Bulgarie, Croatie, Danemark, Espagne, Estonie, Ex-République Yougoslave de Macédoine (E.R.Y.M.), Fédération de Russie, Finlande, France, Géorgie, Grèce, Hongrie, Irlande, Islande, Italie, Lettonie, Lituanie, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Pologne, Portugal, République slovaque, République tchèque, Roumanie, Royaume-Uni, Slovénie, Suède, Suisse, Turquie et Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273115-fr
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  • 139
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    La politique de la ville en Allemagne : Vers un développement urbain durable (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273191
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany; Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stadtentwicklungspolitik in Deutschland; Auf dem Weg zur Nachhaltigen Städtischen Entwicklung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany: Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stadtentwicklungspolitik in Deutschland: Auf dem Weg zur Nachhaltigen Städtischen Entwicklung
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Depuis des années, l'Allemagne joue un rôle pionnier en matière de politique urbaine. Elle s'est fixé un objectif de développement urbain durable afin de relever l'ensemble des défis économiques, sociaux et environnementaux qui se posent aux villes. Des réponses politiques intégrées et des mesures novatrices ont été mises en place pour favoriser la revitalisation des centres-villes et faire face à la croissance des banlieues, à l'augmentation de la circulation automobile et au changement social. Cet ouvrage analyse ces initiatives à la lumière des traits spécifiques à l'Allemagne : système fédéral, processus d'unification et système urbain polycentrique. La politique de la ville est un instrument privilégié pour résoudre de nombreux problèmes dont l'ancrage est avant tout urbain et constitue, en tant que tel, une composante à part entière du développement durable. Au-delà des caractéristiques et des conclusions propres à l'Allemagne, cette étude plaide pour une approche multisectorielle intégrée et prospective, qui ne soit pas seulement guidée par une logique économique pure, mais apporte des éléments de réponses tangibles à cette question essentielle : quel type de villes souhaitons-nous pour l'avenir ?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273191-fr
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  • 140
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    Agriculture in China and OECD Countries : Past Policies and Future Challenges (OECD Proceedings) (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.1/851
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The pace of growth in China's agricultural sector is remarkable. Over the past 20 years, food production has outpaced population growth, and enhanced the nutritional status of a billion people. But this success has given rise to a number of questions. Most importantly, will China be able to provide food for its population in a sustainable way, while absorbing the 15 million people added to its population each year? What policies should accompany China’s transition to a market-based economy in the agricultural sector which employs the vast majority of China’s working population? What are the implications of economic and agricultural growth for the environment, the rural communities and the social fabric? What are the implications for international agricultural markets and what could be at stake for other food importing countries? Determining how this demand for food will be met requires a complex analytical framework whose parameters are the subject of an intense discussion and debate. The proceedings of this workshop provide a rich repository of material that helps answer many of these questions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173293-en
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  • 141
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    The Application of the OECD Model Tax Convention to Partnerships (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Issues in International Taxation no.6
    Series Statement: Issues in international taxation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Application du Modèle de Convention fiscale de l'OCDE aux sociétés de personnes
    DDC: 343.068
    RVK:
    QL 530
    Keywords: Taxation ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: The application of tax treaties to cases involving partnerships raises a number of complex issues. When is a partnership entitled to the benefits of a tax convention? What happens when the residence and source States apply different articles of the Convention on the basis of differences in their domestic law? How can the problems arising from conflicts of income allocation be solved? This report addresses these issues in detail and focuses on specific factual examples. For each example, the facts and, where applicable, relevant aspects of domestic tax laws are described. Comprehensive recommendations for dealing with the international taxation of partnerships in practice are also presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173316-en
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  • 142
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    Aspects environnementaux de la production d'uranium (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Nuclear Energy Agency
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273740
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Activities in Uranium Mining and Milling
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Le respect de l’environnement prend une importance croissante dans le secteur de la production d'uranium car : - les nouvelles installations doivent être conformes aux normes de plus en plus strictes imposées par de nombreux pays ; - un grand nombre de centres de production ont été fermés récemment ; - suite à leur fermeture définitive, de nombreux sites font l'objet de mesures de restauration et de réaménagement.Cet ouvrage dresse un panorama des activités de préservation de l’environnement entreprises dans le secteur de la production d’uranium à partir des réponses de 29 pays à une enquête. Il décrit les activités de protection de l’environnement et de sûreté associées à la fermeture et au réaménagement des sites fermés, mais aussi celles qui sont liées à l’exploitation et au contrôle des sites sur lesquels la production est active, ou à la planification et à l’autorisation de projets d’installations nouvelles. Il passe en revue les sujets qui intéressent les spécialistes dans des domaines tels que la sensibilité des écosystèmes, l’évaluation des impacts sur l’environnement, les émissions gazeuses et les effluents liquides, les conditions de travail, la sûreté radiologique, la gestion et l’évacuation des déchets, le démantèlement des mines et usines et le réaménagement des sites, ainsi que la réglementation de ces activités.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273740-fr
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  • 143
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    Transport Economics Research and Policymaking (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173842
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recherche en économie des transports et décision politique
    DDC: 338/.049/072 21
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Transport ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Verkehrswirtschaft ; Verkehrspolitik
    Abstract: The main goal of this Seminar was to understand the relationship between transport economics research and policymaking. In Europe, there is an extremely wide range of research approaches (a single government agency or several organisations, a national research programme or one-off contracts, etc.). What do these approaches have in common and what is the ideal research structure? With regard to researchers and research sponsors, monopolies should be avoided. Links between researchers and policymakers need to be as direct as possible. And it is also important that research findings be presented by communication specialists and disseminated very early on, before the final stages of research. Drawing on the presentation and analysis of national experiences, the Seminar spawned numerous recommendations that can help to define a national research policy, and suggested ways in which researchers and policymakers can organise the relationship between economic research and policymaking in the transport sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173842-en
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  • 144
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    Combattre l'exclusion : L'aide sociale au Canada et en Suisse (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273979
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (202 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion; Social Assistance in Canada and Switzerland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion: Social Assistance in Canada and Switzerland
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Améliorer le sort de ceux qui sont sans ressources ou qui ont peu de ressources n’est pas chose facile. Aujourd’hui, les institutions qui cherchent à aider les personnes en marge de la société s’efforcent de les intégrer et de les motiver, afin d’éviter l’exclusion sociale. Comment l’aide sociale peut-elle à la fois assurer des prestations suffisantes et conserver l'intérêt financier du travail ? Quelles mesures les pouvoirs publics doivent-ils prendre pour favoriser l’autonomie et réduire la dépendance (reproduite d'une génération à l'autre) à l’égard des mécanismes de solidarité ? Comment encourager la responsabilité individuelle dans des sociétés où les contribuables et les électeurs sont clairement considérés comme des partenaires importants de la politique sociale ? Ce sont là quelques-unes des principales questions que soulève cette étude comparative des politiques d’aide sociale dans quatre provinces canadiennes -- Alberta, Nouveau-Brunswick, Ontario et Saskatchewan -- et quatre cantons suisses -- Grisons, Tessin, Vaud et Zurich. En Suisse, les personnes qui étaient contraintes de recourir à l’aide sociale étaient peu nombreuses jusqu’à ce que le chômage augmente fortement, au début des années 1990. Aujourd’hui, les autorités s’efforcent de favoriser l’insertion sociale en maintenant les prestations à un haut niveau tout en renforçant les mesures destinées à réinsérer les bénéficiaires de prestations dans la vie active. Au Canada, toutes les provinces insistent sur le rôle déterminant du travail, considéré comme le meilleur moyen d’éviter la dépendance à l’égard des prestations sociales, et certaines provinces ont abaissé le niveau de l’aide et restreint l’accès aux prestations. Le succès rencontré par le Canada pour réduire la dépendance à l’égard des prestations est d'autant plus remarquable qu'il a très peu d'équivalents dans les pays développés. Pour en savoir plus Cette étude s’inscrit dans la série « Combattre l’exclusion » composée d'études comparatives des politiques d’aide sociale. Pour avoir une vue plus complète des politiques sociales dans les pays de l’OCDE, on pourra se reporter aux deux premiers volumes de la série, publiés en 1998 : le premier traite des politiques d’aide sociale en Australie, en Finlande, au Royaume-Uni et en Suède ; le deuxième des politiques sociales en Belgique, en Norvège, aux Pays-Bas et en République tchèque.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273979-fr
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  • 145
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    Echanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274235
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development; Policy Coherence Matters
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development: Policy Coherence Matters
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Le développement devrait pouvoir progresser plus rapidement que jamais dans la nouvelle économie mondiale. Si l'ouverture des économies en développement aux échanges et à l'investissement est une condition nécessaire pour instaurer une croissance élevée et durable en participant à l’économie mondiale, ce n’est en aucun cas une condition suffisante. Enclencher une dynamique de croissance durable requiert des politiques économiques saines et obéissant aux principes du marché, des politiques sociales d'accompagnement adaptées, ainsi qu'une bonne gestion des affaires publiques. Mais comme l'a démontré la crise financière asiatique, des carences dans ces trois domaines peuvent fragiliser des économies en développement même très performantes. Les pays de l'OCDE ont un rôle central à jouer pour faciliter les efforts que mènent les pays en développement pour tirer parti de tous les avantages de l'ouverture aux échanges et à l'investissement. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de déterminer comment les pays de l'OCDE peuvent promouvoir la cohérence des politiques en : améliorant le cadre dans lequel s'inscrivent les flux internationaux d'investissement et de capitaux ; en prenant en compte les préoccupations environnementales ; et en facilitant la participation des pays en développement à la société mondiale de l'information. Pour être couronnée de succès, il est nécessaire que la cohérence des politiques prenne délibérément en compte les besoins et les intérêts des pays en développement, afin d'en faire des acteurs de l'économie mondial efficaces, plutôt que vulnérables et marginaux. Pour en savoir plus Echanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274235-fr
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  • 146
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    Coopération pour le développement - Rapport : Efforts et politiques des Membres du Comité d'aide au développement 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272149
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    DOI: 10.1787/dcr-1998-fr
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  • 147
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    L' industrie des biens et services environnementaux : Manuel de collecte et d'analyse des données (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273658
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Environmental Goods and Services Industry; Manual for Data Collection and Analysis
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Environmental Goods and Services Industry: Manual for Data Collection and Analysis
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: L'industrie des biens et services environnementaux connaît une croissance rapide à travers le monde. Cette croissance résulte de la nécessité de préserver l'environnement et de l'adoption par les gouvernements et les entreprises de stratégies durables sur le long terme. Pourtant, alors que cette industrie fournit aux entreprises et aux nations les produits et services indispensables pour relever les défis environnementaux, elle reste mal définie, mal classifiée et mal comprise.Ce manuel est le fruit des travaux conjoints de l'OCDE et d'Eurostat ; il vise à fournir une base solide pour établir des statistiques de l'industrie environnementale qui soient comparables. Il s'appuie sur l'expérience récemment acquise par les pays de l'OCDE dans l'élaboration de statistiques propres à rendre compte d'une industrie si diverse qu'elle échappe souvent aux systèmes de classification traditionnels.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273658-fr
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  • 148
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    Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273702
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance: (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Depuis une dizaine d’années, le rôle du secteur privé dans le développement économique et la création d’emplois s'est profondément transformé. Les entreprises privées apportent une contribution importante au bien-être des individus, et ce rôle est de plus en plus reconnu à mesure que davantage de pays axent leur politique économique sur le libre jeu des mécanismes du marché. Un bon système de gouvernement d’entreprise est essentiel pour que les entreprises emploient au mieux leurs ressources en capital. Il permet également de s’assurer qu'elles tiennent compte des intérêts d’une multitude de parties prenantes, ainsi que ceux de la communauté au sein de laquelle elles exercent leur activité, et que le conseil d’administration rend compte de ses actes à la société et aux actionnaires. Grâce à un tel système, on peut ainsi s'assurer que les activités des entreprises servent les intérêts de la société dans son ensemble, on entretient la confiance des investisseurs, tant étrangers que nationaux, et on attire des capitaux à long terme. Les Principes de gouvernement d’entreprise de l’OCDE ont été approuvés par les ministres à la réunion du Conseil de l'OCDE au niveau ministériel des 26-27 mai 1999. Ils sont le fruit du mandat donné à l’Organisation par le Conseil de l'OCDE réuni au niveau des ministres en 1998 afin de définir les normes et lignes directrices d’un système de gouvernement d’entreprise de qualité.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273702-fr
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  • 149
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    Business Incubation : International Case Studies (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173781
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pépinières d'entreprises à travers le monde ; Études de cas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pépinières d'entreprises à travers le monde : Études de cas
    RVK:
    QP 200
    RVK:
    QB 200
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: In many countries of the OECD business incubators have become an increasingly popular policy instrument for local economic and employment development. Business incubators aim to assist entrepreneurs with enterprise start-ups. Incubators are also being widely used to pursue related objectives such as the commercialisation of university research, providing infrastructure, upgrading the technological capabilities of local firms, and even affording a safe haven for legitimate entrepreneurship where crime is a constraint on business. As this publication makes clear, there is no unique business incubation model. Rather, there is considerable diversity in the types of business incubator, their modes of operation and the objectives they pursue.Interest in business incubation comes from a variety of sources. Local and regional governments, universities, chambers of commerce, science parks, private real-estate developers and non-profit organisations have all participated in establishing and running incubation programmes. However, this is still a young industry in many countries, and evaluation material is scarce. This publication reviews current experience in business incubation in Australia, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. Indeed, this volume is one of the first to treat the international experience of business incubation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173781-en
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  • 150
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    Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Concepts et cadre d'analyse Volume 1 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273870
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Indicators for Agriculture; Concepts and Framework Volume 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Indicators for Agriculture: Concepts and Framework Volume 1
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Peu d'informations chiffrées permettent à l'heure actuelle d’évaluer les effets, tant nuisibles que bénéfiques, de l'agriculture sur l'environnement et de mesurer l’impact qu’ont sur l'environnement les différentes mesures prises par les pouvoirs publics. Afin de combler ces lacunes, l'OCDE a engagé un effort de grande ampleur pour élaborer un ensemble d'indicateurs agro-environnementaux pertinents pour les politiques. Ce premier volume des Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture définit un cadre analytique qui approfondit l'examen des liens entre le secteur agricole et l'environnement, ainsi que l’examen de l'agriculture durable. Il décrit les principaux concepts environnementaux rencontrés dans le secteur agricole qui présentent un intérêt pour les décideurs des pays de l'OCDE, et recense les indicateurs qu'il est nécessaire de mettre au point : utilisation d'éléments fertilisants, de pesticides et des ressources en eau ; conservation des terres ; qualité des sols et de l'eau ; gaz à effet de serre ; biodiversité ; habitats des espèces sauvages ; paysages ; incidence environnementales des pratiques de gestion des exploitations ; ressources financières des exploitations et aspects socio-culturels ruraux. Pour en savoir plus Cet ouvrage initialement publié en 1997 était épuisé. Il fait ici l’objet d’une réimpression dans le cadre de la série d’ouvrages intitulés Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : . le Volume 2, Questions clés et conception, rend compte des avancées réalisées lors du « Séminaire de York ». . le Volume 3, Méthodes et résultats, à paraître en 2000, présentera la première série temporelle d’indicateurs environnementaux clés pour les pays de l’OCDE, pour les domaines énumérés. . le Volume 4, à paraître en 2001, rendra compte des travaux consacrés à l’utilisation des indicateurs dans l’analyse des politiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273870-fr
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  • 151
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    Action Against Climate Change : The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Contre le changement climatique ; Bilan et perspectives du Protocole de Kyoto
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Contre le changement climatique : Bilan et perspectives du Protocole de Kyoto
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Environment ; Umweltökonomie ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: Climate change is an increasing concern across the world. In 1997, a number of countries, including most OECD countries, agreed the Kyoto Protocol, which sets targets for future emissions of greenhouse gases that drive climate change. But the Kyoto Protocol left many decisions to be made, and while these are being discussed the clock ticks and the date for meeting the targets draws closer. Uncertainties are even larger as to policy requirements over the longer term. The Kyoto targets in themselves will do little to avert climate change but are best seen as a first step towards ambitious worldwide action. This puts the focus on how to achieve worldwide consensus for taking action and the economic impacts such action may have. Whatever action is taken, and on the basis of available scientific evidence, some climate change may take place in any case, raising questions about its impacts and how best to adjust. What are the main outstanding issues concerning the Kyoto Protocol? What will it cost to implement the Protocol? How can it be done so as to minimise costs? How could economic burdens be shared among countries so as to achieve broad consensus for global action? What will be the impact of such climate change as may happen and how should policy be set so as to smooth adjustment? This publication presents analysis which bears on the above questions as well as others in the climate change debate. It does not purport to have the final answers, but is aimed to inform a major debate.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173927-en
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  • 152
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    Boosting Innovation : The Cluster Approach (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174399
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Innovation ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: Both firms, keen to improve their competitiveness, and governments, keen to exploit new sources of economic and social progress, need to understand how innovation works in order to better stimulate it. The paradox of innovation is that it uses co-operation to enhance competition and to link many different actors in innovative clusters. In a knowledge-based economy, these clusters of innovative firms form around sources of knowledge. They are based on a sophisticated infrastructure in which knowledge is developed, shared and exchanged, and are characterised by highly concentrated and effective links between entrepreneurs, investors and researchers. Clusters can take a variety of forms, depending on their main technological and commercial areas of specialisation. In most cases they operate within localised geographical areas and interact within larger innovation systems at the regional, national and international level. With globalisation, dynamic clusters are becoming key factors in a country’s capacity to attract the international investment that generates new technological expertise, to interest investors in innovation (venture capital, etc.) and to benefit from the international mobility of skilled personnel. This book reviews the latest economic research on these issues, shows how technology policy makers in OECD countries are making practical use of the concept of clusters and suggests how government policies to foster innovation might best be refocused.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174399-en
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    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 153
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    Echanges et concurrence : Quelles politiques pour demain ? (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264280007
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade and Competition Policies for Tomorrow
    Keywords: Governance ; Trade
    Abstract: Les liens entre politique des échanges et politique de la concurrence suscitent un intérêt croissant depuis quelques années. En effet, avec la baisse des droits de douane, les négociateurs s’intéressent de plus en plus aux politiques intérieures sources de distorsions dans les échanges, ainsi qu'aux obstacles non gouvernementaux au commerce. En outre, la disparition des barrières officielles aux échanges et à l’investissement peut inciter les entreprises à adopter un comportement anticoncurrentiel pour protéger leurs marchés. D'où la nécessité de développer des politiques cohérentes. Parce qu'elles cherchent les unes comme les autres à améliorer l’allocation des ressources, politiques des échanges et politiques de la concurrence se complètent et se renforcent mutuellement. Les travaux rassemblés dans cet ouvrage sont issus du Groupe conjoint sur les échanges et la concurrence de l’OCDE. Ils examinent les relations et les complémentarités qui existent entre ces politiques à travers une approche multidisciplinaire typique de l’OCDE. Ce livre -- dont un chapitre entier est consacré au secteur des télécommunications -- jette sur toutes ces questions un éclairage inédit avant le nouveau cycle de négociations de l'OMC. Mais quelle que soit l'issue du sommet de Seattle, les problèmes soulevés dans cet ouvrage resteront d'actualité.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264280007-fr
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  • 154
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    La congestion routière en Europe (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264280045
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.110
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Traffic Congestion in Europe
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Le problème des embouteillages fait souvent la une de l’actualité et y remédier constitue l’une des priorités des hommes politiques. On ne compte plus les études recensant le nombre d’heures perdues dans les « bouchons ». Les chiffres sont si alarmants qu’ils donnent une image apocalyptique des embouteillages. Toutefois, au-delà des problèmes vécus au quotidien par les automobilistes, les avis commencent à diverger quant à l’ampleur du phénomène et les moyens d’y faire face. Cette Table Ronde s’est attachée à donner une définition de la congestion routière et à en mesurer l'ampleur réelle. Elle a ensuite cerné son évolution et ses conséquences. Enfin, elle a évoqué les solutions susceptibles d’être apportées pour y remédier. Dressant un panorama de la situation à l’échelle européenne, elle permet de faire le point sur l’un des aspects les plus visibles du dysfonctionnement des systèmes de transports.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264280045-fr
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  • 155
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    Insurance Regulation and Supervision in Asia (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180123
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (440 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 346.5/086
    RVK:
    QQ 600
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This is the first OECD publication dealing with insurance issues in Asia. It provides a unique overview and analysis on insurance regulation and supervision in Asia. Dedicated studies are included on Brunei, Hong Kong China, Indonesia, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Chinese Taipei, Thailand and Vietnam.Thanks to the broad range of high-quality information and the importance of issues addressed, this set of texts should constitute a reference work on insurance policy for policy makers and experts in the public sector, actors in the private sector and academics both in OECD Member countries and non-Member economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180123-en
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  • 156
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    Tendances des migrations internationales : SOPEMI (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264280199
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    DOI: 10.1787/migr_outlook-1999-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 157
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    Corée : Politiques nationales et échanges agricoles (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examen des politiques agricoles
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Korea 1999: National Policies and Agricultural Trade
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272620-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 158
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    Danemark (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens des performances environnementales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Denmark 1999
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272545-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 159
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    Finland (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews 31
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Finlande 1999
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172012-en
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  • 160
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    The Tax/Benefit Position of Employees : 1997 1998 Edition = La situation des salariés au regard de l'impôt et des transferts sociaux : 1997 Edition 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264072510
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Employment ; Taxation ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Steuerbelastung
    Abstract: This annual publication provides unique information on direct taxes levied from employees and their employers in all OECD Member countries. In addition, the book specifies family benefits paid as cash transfers. Amounts of taxes and benefits are detailed program by program, for eight household types, which differ by income level and household composition. Results include the tax burden for one- and two- earner families.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264072510-en-fr
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  • 161
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    Overview of Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de la législation nucléaire en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les NEI
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This publication examines the legislation and regulations governing the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in Eastern European countries. It covers eleven countries from Central and Eastern Europe and five countries from the Community of Independant States. The chapters follow a systematic format making it easier for the reader to research and compare information. This study will be updated regularly.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174344-en
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  • 162
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    The social sciences at a turning point? (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264172920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The social sciences at a turning point?
    RVK:
    QB 100
    RVK:
    MP 5000
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Politikberatung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172920-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 163
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    EMU : Facts, Challenges and Policies (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. UEM ; Faits, défis et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. UEM : Faits, défis et politiques
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: The launch of the euro reinforces the foundations for unprecedented economic integration encompassing 11 countries, 16 per cent of world GDP and 290 million people. For the first time, the OECD has studied the euro-area as a fully-fledged economic entity and has analysed the intensive preparations that led to the single currency, as well as the economic issues raised by its introduction. Despite the macroeconomic convergence already achieved and the institutional framework that has been established, the fact is that many uncertainties remain. An approach to co-ordinating monetary and budgetary policies that is up to the issues at stake has still to be fully defined. And the euro area's ability to absorb economic shocks must be assessed and strengthened. In this respect it is vital for labour markets to become more flexible and adaptable if they are to compensate for the loss of national monetary autonomy which EMU implies and if adjustment is not to be at the expense of jobs. A special chapter discusses the obstacles to geographic labour mobility and the rigidity of wage setting mechanisms. These are some of the challenges that must be faced in the years to come, and this study discusses them in the light of the most penetrating and informative analysis today’s economists can provide. It does not prescribe set remedies, but drawing on analyses and figures never published before, attempts to identify the best policies for ensuring the success of the monetary union. This is a complex study that takes a hard look at the issues and will be of great interest to anyone wishing to understand the economic mechanisms at work.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172609-en
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  • 164
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    The Economic and Social Impact of Electronic Commerce : Preliminary Findings and Research Agenda (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172081
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les incidences économiques et sociales du commerce électronique ; Résultats préliminaires et programme de recherche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les incidences économiques et sociales du commerce électronique : Résultats préliminaires et programme de recherche
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Though only three years old, electronic commerce over the Internet has the potential to transform the marketplace. E-commerce will change the way business is conducted. Traditional intermediary functions will be replaced, new products and markets will be developed, and new relationships will be created between business and consumers. It will alter the way work is organised and open new channels of knowledge diffusion and human interactivity in the workplace. Workers will need to be more flexible as their functions and skills are redefined. The changes e-commerce will bring are far-reaching. They require new frameworks for doing business and a re-examination of government policies relating to commerce and skills. What is electronic commerce? What is the current state and likely future direction of e-commerce? What are the drivers and what are the inhibitors? What is its impact on costs, prices, and ultimately on economic efficiency? How is it affecting intermediaries? How do firms compete in the electronic environment? What market structure is likely to emerge? What is the impact on jobs? What types of skills will be needed? What major societal transformations will it entail? The full impact of e-commerce remains to be seen. This book begins to address these questions and provides a ground-breaking assessment of the economic and social impacts of electronic commerce and its effects on jobs by drawing on existing qualitative and quantitative evidence. This early analysis of an extremely dynamic activity identifies a number of areas where research is urgently needed and serves as the basis for an informed policy debate.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172081-en
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  • 165
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    Indicators of Industrial Activity: 1998 Supplement : Sources and Methods: Quantitative Indicators (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication provides a detailed description of the Sources and Methods which were used in the compilation of the quantitative indicators published in the now discontinued quarterly Indicators of Industrial Activity, which was a unique source of short-term industrial statistics broken down by industrial sectors in OECD member countries. The indicators selected are indices of output, deliveries, new orders, unfilled orders, producer prices and employment. The statistics are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174467-en
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  • 166
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    Energy: The Next Fifty Years (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173163
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Énergie ; les cinquante prochaines années
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Énergie : les cinquante prochaines années
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: How long will conventional fossil fuels remain the predominant source of energy? Does nuclear power have a future? What new energy technologies are emerging on the horizon? What are the implications of the growing role played by developing countries as producers and users of energy? What can be done to avoid international energy crises in the future? How will the information society affect the production and use of energy? And what will be the long-term implications of international environmental agreements for a sustainable energy future? Endeavours to set world energy on a sustainable footing are entering a critical phase. By 2050 the energy landscape could be completely transformed. A highly diversified mix of conventional and new fuels will be in use; unprecedented levels of energy efficiency in transport systems, housing and other infrastructures will likely have been attained; and people could at last be reaping the rewards of environmentally responsible lifestyles. But such a shift towards sustainable use of energy will take decades to achieve. This book reviews the options likely to shape the energy picture over the next half-century, and assesses some of the key issues -- economic, social, technological, environmental -- that decision-makers in government and corporations will need to address in the very near future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173163-en
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  • 167
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    Usages bénéfiques et production des isotopes (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274365
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Beneficial Uses and Production of Isotopes
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Les isotopes radioactifs et stables sont utilisés à travers le monde dans de nombreux secteurs, notamment en médecine, dans l'industrie, l'agriculture et la recherche. Les isotopes sont irremplaçables dans bon nombre de leurs applications et s'avèrent généralement plus efficaces et moins chers que d'autres techniques ou procédés. Cette publication est la première étude internationale sur les usages bénéfiques et la production d'isotopes. Elle donne une vue d'ensemble de leurs principaux usages ainsi que des informations détaillées sur les installations qui les produisent à travers le monde. Les tendances de l'offre et de la demande d'isotopes sont analysées. Enfin, les conclusions et recommandations qui sont faites signalent aux organismes gouvernementaux les questions clés qu'il leur faut examiner. Cette publication sera utile aux décideurs des agences gouvernementales impliquées dans la production et l'utilisation des isotopes ainsi qu'aux chercheurs et aux experts travaillant dans ce domaine.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274365-fr
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  • 168
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Irlande 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273337
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.35
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Ireland 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: L’année 1999 marque le 25ème anniversaire du programme d’aide publique de l’Irlande « Irish Aid ». Ces cinq dernières années, le volume de l’aide publique au développement (APD) de l’Irlande a progressé en moyenne de 20 pour cent par an en termes réels, soit plus rapidement que celui de n'importe quel autre Membre du Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE. Selon les données préliminaires dont on dispose, l’aide de l’Irlande a atteint 0.30 pour cent du PNB en 1998, ce qui représente près du double de son niveau de 1992, et devrait atteindre 0.35 pour cent en 1999. Après six ans de croissance remarquable en volume et d’amélioration de la qualité de l’aide, l’essentiel de la hausse intervenue en 1999 a été destiné à des mesures d’allégement de la dette, aux contributions à l’Union européenne, à des opérations humanitaires d’urgence et au soutien aux réfugiés en Irlande et non au financement des programmes de développement à long terme administrés par le ministère des Affaires étrangères. Toutefois, la volonté politique qu’a exprimée le ministre des Finances en faveur de l’aide permettra d’assurer une augmentation de l’enveloppe budgétaire consacrée à la partie du programme dont s’occupe le ministère des Affaires étrangères en 2000 et 2001. Le programme d’aide irlandais se heurte à deux difficultés : comment assurer au mieux son expansion et comment gérer au mieux cette expansion ? C’est à l’évidence à l’Irlande qu’il appartient de résoudre ces difficultés, mais le Comité d’aide au développement peut mobiliser son expérience collective pour aider l’Irlande à y réfléchir. Un point de départ, tiré de l’expérience d’autres pays, est que l’Irlande doit conserver et même renforcer le ciblage de son programme, qui est à l’heure actuelle l’un de ses points forts. Les examens en matière de coopération pour le développement prévus pour l’an 2000 porteront sur les Membres suivants du CAD : France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Italie, Suède, Suisse et Portugal.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273337-fr
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  • 169
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Japan 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173576
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.34
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Japon 1999
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QG 870
    RVK:
    QM 353
    Keywords: Development ; Japan ; Japan ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: Japan is the leader in volume among DAC donors, but it ranks 19th out of 21 bilateral Members in terms of ODA as a percentage of GNP. Compared to other Members, its aid programme has a higher proportion of loans, with preference towards Asia and lower middle-income countries, and a heavy emphasis on assistance for economic infrastructure as opposed to the social sectors. Japan is making major efforts to improve its aid programme through an administrative reform, piloting the new international development strategy, a country-focused approach, and a push towards increased quality, transparency, and efficiency. The DAC encourages these developments and recommends that Japan should: - strengthen staffing and decentralisation; - enhance NGO involvement; - mainstream cross-cutting issues such as poverty, gender, and governance; - design and evaluate projects with a view towards cost-efficiency, sustainability, technological appropriateness, and socio-economic impact; - and ensure policy dialogue with recipient countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173576-en
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  • 170
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Japon 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273573
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.34
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Japan 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Japan
    Abstract: Le Japon est le donneur le plus généreux du CAD, en volume, mais ne se classe qu’à la 19ème place parmi les 21 Membres du comité par son rapport APD/PNB. Comparativement à celui des autres Membres, son programme d’aide fait une large place aux prêts, privilégie l’Asie et les pays à revenu intermédiaire et accorde une grande importance aux infrastructures économiques par rapport aux secteurs sociaux. Le Japon s’applique résolument à améliorer son programme d’aide ; à cet effet, il a engagé une réforme administrative, entrepris d’expérimenter la nouvelle stratégie internationale en matière de développement, adopté une approche ciblée par pays et pris des mesures visant à rehausser la qualité, la transparence et l’efficience de son aide. Le CAD se félicite de cette évolution tout en recommandant au Japon de s’employer également à : - renforcer les effectifs affectés au programme d’aide et décentraliser l’administration de ce dernier ; - associer davantage les ONG à l’action engagée ; - se préoccuper plus systématiquement des problèmes transversaux tels que la lutte contre la pauvreté, l’égalité homme-femme et la bonne gestion des affaires publiques ; - tenir compte dans la conception et l’évaluation des projets des questions d’efficacité par rapport au coût, de viabilité et d’adéquation technologique ainsi que des retombées socio-économiques ; - resserrer le dialogue avec les pays bénéficiaires. Des examens en matière de coopération pour le développement sont prévus pour l’an 2000 pour les Membres suivants du CAD : France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Italie, Suède, Suisse et Portugal.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273573-fr
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    Benefit Systems and Work Incentives (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180161
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    DOI: 10.1787/benwork_incent-1999-en
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  • 172
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Fédération de Russie 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264280113
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Russian Federation 1999
    Keywords: Environment ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à la Fédération Russie évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264280113-fr
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  • 173
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    Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273771
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Regulatory Reform in the Netherlands 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: La réforme de la réglementation menée aux Pays-Bas est riche d'enseignements tant pour la modernisation de l'État-providence en Europe que pour l'intégration au marché unique européen. La réforme de la réglementation est la composante la plus récente de la rénovation du modèle néerlandais. Aux réformes apportées aux marchés du travail et au système de protection sociale dans les années 80 a succédé, dans les années 90, la recherche d'un « nouvel équilibre entre la protection et le dynamisme », fondé sur la politique de la concurrence, la réforme de la réglementation et l'ouverture des marchés. Les Pays-Bas font aujourd'hui partie des pays de l'OCDE les plus performants au regard de nombreux critères économiques, notamment pour la croissance de l'emploi. Bien qu'encore à ses débuts, la réforme de la réglementation a déjà apporté des avantages considérables aux Pays-Bas, en termes de compétitivité, de flexibilité, ou de bénéfices pour les consommateurs. Des défis majeurs restent cependant à relever. La lenteur de certaines réformes importantes indique que le modèle néerlandais est encore en train de chercher l'équilibre entre l'établissement d'un consensus et l'ajustement des politiques. De l'application de la réforme à de nombreux nouveaux domaines découleront des gains aussi importants qu'un net progrès du taux d'emploi, une amélioration des performances sectorielles, et une réduction des coûts de la protection sociale. Les Pays-Bas sont un des premiers pays à avoir demander à l'OCDE de procéder à un examen général de ses pratiques réglementaires et des réformes de la réglementation menées à l'échelon national. Cet ouvrage est le fruit de l'évaluation approfondie menée par l'OCDE et d'un examen par ses pays Membres. Il présente une évaluation intégrée sans équivalent de la réforme de la réglementation dans des domaines aussi essentiels que le contexte macro-économique, la qualité du secteur public, la politique de la concurrence et sa mise en oeuvre, ainsi que l'intégration des principes d'ouverture du marché dans les processus réglementaires et dans des secteurs tels que l'électricité et les télécommunications. Les politiques recommandées offrent un plan d'action équilibré à court et à plus long terme fondé sur les meilleures pratiques réglementaires à l'échelon international. Pour en savoir plus A lire dans la même collection : La réforme de la réglementation au Japon, La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis, La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique. L'analyse de fond dont découlent ces premiers examens par pays est présentée dans le Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Rapport de synthèse et dans les deux volumes du Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Études sectorielles et Études thématiques, publiés en 1997.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273771-fr
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  • 174
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Finland 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172012
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.31
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Finlande 1999
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    Keywords: Development ; Finland ; OECD ; Finnland
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Finlands development aid programmes and policies. It finds that following a steep decline in its development co-operation programme in the early 1990s Finland is engaged in redesigning and building up its aid programme. The Cabinet Decision-in-principle of September 1996 is now the main point of reference for Finnish development co-operation. It includes a firm target of 0.4 per cent by the year 2000 for the ratio of Finland's official development assistance to the gross national product (the ODA/GNP ratio), the integration of development co-operation into a coherent foreign policy framework and the reorganisation of the aid administration within the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. At the DAC review of Finland's aid policies and programmes on 16 October 1998 the Committee commended both the partnership orientation of Finland's policies, as set out in the Decision-in-principle, and the growing volume of Finnish aid, a welcome reversal of the situation at the time of the last DAC Peer Review of Finland in 1995, when aid volume was in a deep decline. This Review addresses several other key issues: Finland's long-term partnerships with primary orientation countries; the flexibility concept, included in the Decision-in-principle; the need for clear sectoral and cross-cutting policy guidance; field management and delegation to the field; and the revised screening process for project and policy proposals that is part of the quality control system of Finnish aid.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172012-en
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  • 175
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : République Tchèque 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272163
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Czech Republic 1999
    Keywords: Environment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à la République Tchèque évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272163-fr
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  • 176
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    Ion and Slow Positron Beam Utilisation : Costa da Caparica, Portugal, 15-17 September 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172999
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Portugal
    Abstract: The use of ion beams in nuclear research is well established, with many facilities and networks of experts active in the field. Applications for ion beams are expanding, in particular in the development of new materials, biotechnology and the creation of new isotopes. Positron beams are likewise a very powerful tool for observing and influencing microscopic material structures, as well as for medical diagnosis. The combined utilisation of ion and positron beams is expected to open up new horizons in the areas of material science and biotechnology. These proceedings provide an overview of the latest developments in this field, and highlight areas for future international co-operation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172999-en
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  • 177
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    Implementing the OECD Jobs Strategy : Assessing Performance and Policy (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi ; Évaluation des performances et des politiques
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: High and persistent unemployment remains a major economic and social problem for many OECD countries. Currently, some 35 million persons are unemployed across the area and many others are so discouraged that they are not even looking for a job. There is also increasing concern about precarious jobs and in-work poverty in some countries. The OECD Jobs Strategy was launched five years ago in response to these problems. And it works: the available empirical evidence shows that its continued and comprehensive implementation leads to durably lower unemployment and higher employment. What lies behind the disparities in levels and trends of unemployment rates across countries? Why have some countries outperformed others in terms of successfully cutting unemployment? Why do some groups in society - the young, older workers, the low-skilled - have difficulty finding and keeping rewarding jobs in many countries? Should the rise in temporary and part-time jobs be welcomed or resisted? This publication reviews these issues in light of countries’ experience in implementing The OECD Jobs Strategy. It puts the spotlight on groups at the margin of the labour market, and looks at the policies required to better integrate them.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173682-en
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  • 178
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    Principios de la OCDE para el gobierno de las sociedades (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264474222
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Grundsätze der Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: En la última década el mundo ha sido testigo de transformaciones significantes del papel que juega el sector privado en el desarrollo de la economía y en la creación de empleos. Debido a que cada vez más países adoptan enfoques basados en mercado a la política económica, ha aumentado la conciencia de la importancia de corporaciones privadas para el bienestar de los individuos.Un buen régimen de gobierno corporativo ayuda a afirmar que las corporaciones utilizan su capital de manera eficaz. El buen gobierno corporativo ayuda además a asegurar que las corporaciones toman en cuenta los intereses de un amplio rango de componentes, al igual que para comunidades con las que operan, y que sus Juntas de Administración son responsables con la compañía y los accionistas. Ello ayuda a asegurar que las corporaciones operen para el beneficio de la comunidad. Ayuda a mantener la confianza de los inversionistas -trátese de nacionales o extranjeros - y a atraer capitales estables y a largo plazo.Los "Principios de la OCDE para el gobierno de las sociedades" fueron aprobados por los Ministros en la reunión del Consejo de la OCDE a nivel ministerial del 26-27 de mayo de 1999. Estos Principios responden al mandato dado a la Organización por el Consejo de la OCDE reunido a nivel ministerial del año 1998 a fin de definir normas y directrices de un sistema de gobierno de empresas de calidad.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264474222-es
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  • 179
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    Danemark (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 33
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Denmark 1999
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273085-fr
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  • 180
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    Investment in Transport Infrastructure -- 1985-1995 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les investissements en infrastructure de transport -- 1985-1995
    Keywords: Transport ; Europa ; Transport ; Verkehrsinvestition ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Geschichte 1985-1995
    Abstract: This publication reviews investment trends in transport infrastructure in Europe from 1985 to 1995. It provides data relative to roads, railways, urban railways, inland waterways, oil pipelines, ports and airports of ECMT Member countries. Investments linked to multimodal/combined transport infrastructure are examined in depth. Information is also given on maintenance expenditure in transport infrastructure. For the first time, readers will find data on infrastructure expenditure for Central and Eastern European countries. ECMT countries: Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.), Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Russian Federation, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173118-en
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  • 181
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    Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills : A New Framework for Assessment (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer les connaissances et compétences des élèves ; Un nouveau cadre d'évaluation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer les connaissances et compétences des élèves : Un nouveau cadre d'évaluation
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Are students well prepared to meet the challenges of the future? Parents, students, the public and those who run education systems need to know whether children are acquiring the necessary skills and knowledge to become tomorrow's citizens and to continue learning throughout life. International indicators can describe the levels of achievement in various countries, to which others might aspire. They can provide direction for schools' instructional efforts and for students' learning as well as insights into curriculum strengths and weaknesses. The 29 Member countries of the OECD, together with other countries, have launched the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to develop such indicators on a regular basis. PISA aims at assessing how far students approaching the end of compulsory education have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in society. A New Framework for Assessment, the first volume in the PISA series, provides the conceptual framework on which the PISA 2000 assessment is based. It defines the domains of reading literacy, mathematics literacy and scientific literacy forming the core of PISA in terms of the content that students need to acquire, the processes that need to be performed, and the contexts in which knowledge and skills are applied. It also describes the methods developed to ensure that the assessment tasks are valid across countries, are strong at measuring relevant skills and are based on authentic life situations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173125-en
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  • 182
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    Handbook of Incentive Measures for Biodiversity : Design and Implementation (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173903
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de protection de la biodiversité ; Conception & mise en oeuvre des mesures incitatives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de protection de la biodiversité : Conception & mise en oeuvre des mesures incitatives
    RVK:
    AR 28100
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Artenreichtum ; Artenschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Anreiz
    Abstract: Governments need to implement appropriate policies to ensure both the private and the public goods values of biological diversity are realised. Unless the users of biological resources are given incentives to sustainably use these resources, valuable biodiversity will continue to be lost. Because of the inherent complexity of biological systems, and the range of pressures that act on them, a "bundle" of carefully-designed and complementary incentive measures are often necessary to provide the appropriate signals to prevent biodiversity loss. This unique Handbook draws on the experiences described in 22 case studies to develop a comprehensive step-by-step process for identifying and implementing appropriate incentive measures for biodiversity conservation, and the sustainable use of its components. It identifies the incentive measures that are most suitable for particular ecosystems, and for addressing the specific sectoral pressures in effect, describing both the advantages and the disadvantages of each incentive measure. A wide range of incentive measures are described, including both the more common economic and regulatory incentives, and also the necessary framework conditions, such as scientific and technical capacity building, education and awareness raising, and the involvement of local populations and other stakeholders.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173903-en
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  • 183
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    Les transports de marchandises et la ville (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273917
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.109
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Freight Transport and the City
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Faire de la ville un espace durablement respectueux de l'environnement est l'aspiration de tout homme politique. Mais contrairement aux transports de personnes, dont l'importance est communément admise, la planification et l'organisation des transports de marchandises ne reçoit pas toute l'attention qu'elle mérite. Le rôle économique du transport de marchandises dans la ville n'est pas toujours perçu, alors que la pollution et les encombrements qu'il génère sont invariablement montrés du doigt. On assiste en Europe à une floraison de projets d’aménagement urbain accompagnés de mesures de circulation plus ou moins restrictives limitant le transport de marchandises. Certaines villes adoptent des mesures relevant de la planification urbaine et de la gestion de l'espace, d’autres tentent d'apporter des solutions à court terme aux problèmes de circulation. Mais les villes étant des organismes vivants, dont le bon fonctionnement est susceptible d’être perturbé, comment être sûr que toutes ces dispositions vont dans la bonne direction ? Cette question essentielle mérite réflexion car nous manquons d'expérience dans ce domaine. La Table Ronde a examiné les différents aspects du transport de marchandises en ville en s'appuyant sur un large éventail d’expériences nationales et en analysant certaines des approches les plus novatrices.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273917-fr
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  • 184
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    The Battle against Exclusion : Social Assistance in Canada and Switzerland (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173972
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion ; L'aide sociale au Canada et en Suisse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion : L'aide sociale au Canada et en Suisse
    RVK:
    QX 000
    RVK:
    QX 900
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Preventing hardship among those with few or no resources is no easy task. Today, institutions whose goal is to help those at the margins seek to integrate and encourage them in order to avoid social exclusion. How can social assistance best balance the adequacy of benefits with financial incentives to work? What policy measures are essential to promote independence and reduce (intergenerational) welfare dependence? What can be done to promote individual responsibility in societies where taxpayers and voters are explicitly regarded as major stakeholders in social policy? These are some of the most pressing social issues this book addresses by comparing social assistance policies in four Canadian provinces -- Alberta, New Brunswick, Ontario and Saskatchewan -- and four Swiss cantons -- Graubünden, Ticino, Vaud and Zürich. In Switzerland, few people were forced to rely on social assistance until unemployment rose sharply at the beginning of the 1990s. The authorities are now struggling with how to promote social inclusion by keeping benefit levels high whilst at the same time improving measures designed to get benefit recipients back into work. In Canada, all provinces have stressed the role of work as the best way of avoiding benefit dependency, and some provinces have also cut benefit levels and restricted access to benefits. The success of Canada in reducing social assistance benefit dependency stands out in an area of social protection where across the developed world there are remarkably few such successes. Further reading This book is part of "The Battle against Exclusion" series, consisting of comparative studies of social assistance policies. To get a more comprehensive picture of social policies in OECD countries, please consult the first two volumes of the series, both published in 1998: the first volume covers Australia, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom, and the second volume, Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173972-en
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  • 185
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    Foreign Direct Investment, Development and Corporate Responsibility (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QM 355
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Auslandsinvestition ; Kapitaltransfer ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: OECD countries believe that foreign direct investment (FDI) will play a critical role in the rise of standards of living among nations well into the 21st century. A crucial aspect will be whether FDI’s contribution to economic development will respond in a balanced and sustainable way to the aspirations and expectations of host and home countries alike. This and other related issues were highlighted at a conference on the Role of Investment in Development, Corporate Responsibilities and OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. This event provided a unique forum for dialogue between participants from OECD member states and developing countries, academic, business and labour circles and civil society on the development impact of FDI, the effectiveness of national policies and the responsibilities of multinational enterprises. These issues are expected to be taken up again at the forthcoming WTO Ministerial in Seattle.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174139-en
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  • 186
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    Foreign Direct Investment and Recovery in Southeast Asia (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QM 355
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Auslandsinvestition ; Südostasien
    Abstract: The financial crisis in Asia has brought to the fore the question of the appropriate policies for recovery and for future sustainable development. One area of particular importance is the treatment of foreign investors. Foreign direct investment has played a leading role in many of the economies of the region, particularly in export sectors, and has been a vital source of foreign capital during the crisis. The four countries reviewed in this study - Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand - have all tended to welcome inward investment for its contribution to exports but have often been less willing to open up the domestic market to such investors. This study discusses the role assigned to foreign firms in the development strategies of the four countries in the past and looks at how a more balanced approach to the treatment of foreign investors could contribute to a more sustainable development path in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174207-en
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  • 187
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    République tchèque (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens des performances environnementales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Czech Republic 1999
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272163-fr
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  • 188
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    Fiscal Decentralisation in Emerging Economies : Governance Issues (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La décentralisation budgétaire dans les économies émergentes ; Problèmes de gestion des affaires publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La décentralisation budgétaire dans les économies émergentes : Problèmes de gestion des affaires publiques
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QL 270
    Keywords: Taxation ; Development ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: This collection of experiences of fiscal decentralisation across a wide range of OECD-Member and non-member economies reveals lessons which are equally of relevance to both groups of countries. A major finding is that fiscal decentralisation is often confused in the latter group of countries with the removal of central-government control over subnational finances. This is a mistake; it may lead to fiscal irresponsibility on the part of local authorities, deteriorating fiscal positions at both levels, and high costs due to duplication of fiscal institutions. The book also finds that insufficient attention has been given to local revenue generation, as opposed to intergovernmental transfers.The issue of fiscal decentralisation in emerging economies is particularly important, because it arises, in part, from a desire to enhance democracy and local accountability. However, the devolution of responsibilities must take place in an atmosphere of transparency, where the local expertise exists to manage budgeting. Serious consideration must be given to revenue sourcing and effective expenditure control. Finally, local spending must match available revenues without becoming an additional strain on central government resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172821-en
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  • 189
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    Education, Migration and Productivity : An Analytic Approach and Evidence from Rural Mexico (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Éducation, migration et productivité ; Une analyse des zones rurales au Mexique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Éducation, migration et productivité : Une analyse des zones rurales au Mexique
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QG 630
    Keywords: Development ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Ländlicher Raum ; Schulbildung ; Produktivität ; Migration
    Abstract: This book challenges the assumption that the major benefits of investment in rural education accrue to traditional agricultural activities, such as staples production. Indeed, rural economies are much more complex than such an assumption would allow and the benefits from education are, therefore, rather dispersed, and vary significantly according to the level of educational attainment achieved. The authors have carried out a survey of rural households in Mexico, taking into account educational levels, not only of the head of household, but also of the other members of the family. Their overriding purpose is to present an approach for analysing education-migration-productivity interactions, to test this approach using real-world data, and to draw relevant conclusions for educational and development policy. The result is an analytical tool of great practical interest for policy makers, as well as for specialists who might wish to extend the technique to other societies and situations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172852-en
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  • 190
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    Taxation of Cross-Border Portfolio Investment : Mutual Funds and Possible Tax Distortions (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172883
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les investissements transnationaux de portefeuille face à l'impôt ; Organismes de placement collectif et distorsions fiscales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les investissements transnationaux de portefeuille face à l'impôt : Organismes de placement collectif et distorsions fiscales
    RVK:
    QM 352
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Gewinn ; Steuer ; Steuervermeidung
    Abstract: The past decade has witnessed a significant increase in cross-border capital flows and a pronounced shift in their composition towards portfolio investment, with much of the capital under management by mutual funds or "collective investment institutions" resident in OECD countries, as well as in offshore tax-free environments. These developments motivate countries to review and monitor the operation of their tax rules in this area, notably the interaction of domestic tax rules with tax systems and practices in other countries, to ensure that policy goals are being addressed. This book analyses the taxation of cross-border portfolio investments by means of collective investment institutions. Possible tax distortions specific to the area of collective investment institutions are identified for a representative group of OECD countries. The analysis and calculations contained in the book, while illustrative and not capturing the full richness of the possible permutations under tax regimes, draw out key tax distortions, neutrality conditions and policy options.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172883-en
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  • 191
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    Environment in the Transition to a Market Economy : Progress in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173934
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les économies en transition face à l'environnement ; Progrès en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les nouveaux Etats indépendants
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment in the Transition to a Market Economy; Progress in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les économies en transition face à l'environnement : Progrès en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les nouveaux Etats indépendants
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment in the Transition to a Market Economy: Progress in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States (Russian version)
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Environment ; Osteuropa ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Severe environmental problems were a key issue in the protests that marked the end of communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This groundbreaking book provides new insights into the interaction between economic policy reforms, environmental protection efforts and environmental conditions in the region's subsequent transition to market-based economies and democratic societies over the past eight to ten years. The unique contribution of the book is its synthesis of a vast amount of information and cumulative experience together with detailed examples and case studies to provide a coherent analysis of the challenges and achievements in institutional strengthening and policy reform, environmental policy instruments, environmental financing, and environmental management in enterprises. It also reviews the development of domestic public participation and international co-operation for the safeguarding of the region's environment and discusses trends in industrial pollution and biodiversity protection. The book shows that economic reforms provided a crucial stimulus for environmental improvement, leading to reductions in high pollution levels. Moreover, several countries have strengthened their domestic environmental policies, institutions, and financing, resulting in further improvements. Nonetheless, many serious problems remain, and others have grown worse over the transition period: in many countries of the former Soviet Union in particular, economic crises and political stagnation have impeded environmental protection efforts. Continued partnerships between governments of the region, OECD donor countries, international financial institutions and organisations, environmental NGOs, businesses and trade unions, as well as public support for these, will be essential to reinforce the environmental improvements achieved thus far.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173934-en
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  • 192
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    Les régimes douaniers après l'Uruguay Round : Bilan et perspectives (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274020
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Post-Uruguay Round Tariff Regimes; Achievements and Outlook
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Post-Uruguay Round Tariff Regimes: Achievements and Outlook
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: La réduction massive des droits de douane et l’adoption de tarifs non discriminatoires comme principal moyen de protection commerciale constituent deux des succès les plus marquants de la diplomatie commerciale de l'après-guerre et des négociations multilatérales menées sous les auspices du GATT (devenu l’OMC). Le sommet de Seattle, qui réunira fin novembre 1999 des dirigeants du monde entier, offre une occasion nouvelle de poursuivre le démantèlement des barrières tarifaires. Ce livre donne aux participants un outil indispensable pour formuler leurs objectifs et stratégies de négociation dans le domaine des droits de douane. Il fournit aussi aux analystes les données clés nécessaires pour concevoir des scénarios de négociation et évaluer leurs effets respectifs sur les échanges, l’emploi et la croissance. Enfin, il permettra à toutes les personnes qui étudient le commerce international de consulter, sans avoir à faire de longues recherches, des données complètes, détaillées et comparables sur les tarifs, et de les appliquer directement aux questions que suscitent les politiques dans ce domaine.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274020-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 193
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    Luxembourg (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews 32
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Luxembourg 1999
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172050-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 194
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    A Caring World : The New Social Policy Agenda (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172593
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour un monde solidaire ; Le nouvel agenda social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour un monde solidaire : Le nouvel agenda social
    DDC: 361.6/1 21
    RVK:
    QX 000
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: A new vision of the purpose of social policy is needed. Scaremongers present decision-makers as facing an overwhelming number of complex problems with more and more limited budgets. Society is indeed undergoing profound upheaval. Ageing populations are increasing pressure on the workforce. Changes in the labour market have hit low-skilled workers hard; the term "social exclusion" has entered the political lexicon, and policies can no longer be based on "traditional" family life. But social policy should not be presented as "papering over the cracks" in society caused by economic and demographic change. As knowledge plays an increasing role in generating wealth, empowering individuals to develop their potential is a central and essential part of economic policy. Indeed, economic and social policies are more intertwined than ever. This book paints a complete and accessible picture of the current situation and pinpoints how policies can be reformed. Social policy should aim to promote employment and healthy living, rather than just coping with joblessness and ill-health. Investing in children and families helps ensure that all can contribute fully to society. Innovations and experiments in new social policies to better equip individuals and families with the support they need in responding to change abound in OECD countries. Ministers from OECD countries have committed themselves to the ambitious task of creating just such a caring world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172593-en
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  • 195
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    Financial Liberalisation in Asia : Analysis and Prospects (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La libéralisation financière en Asie ; Analyses et perspectives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La libéralisation financière en Asie : Analyses et perspectives
    RVK:
    QM 331
    RVK:
    QL 270
    RVK:
    QG 800
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Asien ; Kreditmarkt ; Krise
    Abstract: Rapid globalisation has brought substantial benefits to developing Asia, but it has also heightened the risks associated with policy mistakes, weak financial institutions, and problems in corporate and public governance. The 1997 Asian crisis has demonstrated the urgent need to rethink the sequencing and comprehensiveness of financial liberalisation. Would further opening of Asia's financial systems be helpful or counterproductive in fostering financial stability? What structural reforms do emerging economies need to undertake to ensure that capital inflows are transformed into productive investment? Which regulatory and other requirements would have to be attached to further financial liberalisation? And what role should international organisations and the private sector play in crisis resolution?This volume seeks to provide answers to these questions by discussing the roots of the Asian financial crisis and suggesting some constructive approaches to crisis resolution. It was produced jointly by the Asian Development Bank and OECD Development Centre based on their fourth joint annual Forum on Asian Perspectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172562-en
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  • 196
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    Évolution des transports : 1970/1997 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272811
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    DOI: 10.1787/trend_transp-1999-fr
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  • 197
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    Education, migration et productivité : Une analyse des zones rurales au Mexique (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272859
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p)
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Education, Migration and Productivity; An Analytic Approach and Evidence from Rural Mexico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Education, Migration and Productivity: An Analytic Approach and Evidence from Rural Mexico
    Keywords: Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: L'investissement dans l'éducation en zone rurale profite-t-il essentiellement aux activités agricoles traditionnelles comme, par exemple, les cultures vivrières ? Cet ouvrage montre qu'il n'en est rien. En effet, les économies rurales sont beaucoup plus complexes que ne le laisse supposer une telle hypothèse : les effets bénéfiques de l'éducation se manifestent dans divers domaines, et non dans un seul, et varient considérablement selon le niveau d'instruction atteint. Les auteurs de ce livre ont enquêté auprès de ménages ruraux mexicains en tenant compte non seulement du niveau d'instruction du chef de famille, mais aussi de celui des autres membres de la famille. Leur objectif premier était de formuler une méthode d'analyse des interactions entre éducation, migration et productivité, de tester cette méthode à l'aide de données réelles et d'en tirer des conclusions utiles pour l'élaboration des politiques de l'éducation et du développement. Leurs travaux nous offrent ainsi un outil analytique d'un grand intérêt pratique pour les décideurs et pour les spécialistes qui souhaiteraient utiliser cette méthode dans d'autres contextes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272859-fr
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    URL: Volltext
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  • 198
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    The OECD STAN Database for Industrial Analysis : 1978/1997 1998 Edition = La base de données STAN de l'OCDE pour l'analyse de l'industrie : 1978/1997 Edition 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264072572
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (378 p.) , ill.
    Edition: 1998 Edition
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264072572-en-fr
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  • 199
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    Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE : 1999/2004 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272798
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    DOI: 10.1787/agr_outlook-1999-fr
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  • 200
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    OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Regulatory Reform in Mexico 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789164180315
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: OECD's 1999 review of regulatory reform in Mexico. It finds that regulatory reform has been key to the transformation of the Mexican economy over the past 15 years. Formerly inward-looking and heavily regulated, the Mexican economy today is relatively open and market-based. The rapid pace, broad scope, and depth of regulatory reforms exceed those of most OECD countries. These reforms have already produced major benefits for Mexico, not least by increasing economic flexibility so that Mexico rebounds more quickly from economic crises. But benefits of reforms have been slowed by the macroeconomic crises of the 1990s. Sustained attention is needed now to complete and implement reforms to establish conditions for vigorous market competition and entry, while strengthening the capacity of the Mexican state to use high quality and transparent regulatory instruments in carrying out public policies. A multi-year period of policy stability supportive of market-led growth could produce enduring and broad-based benefits for Mexican consumers and businesses. Mexico was one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789164180315-en
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