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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 21, no. 3 | volume:21 | year:2021 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:21
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Netherlands
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 17, no. 3, p. 9-93 | volume:17 | year:2018 | number:3 | pages:9-93
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 17, no. 3, p. 9-93
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:17
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:9-93
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Despite being one of the newest countries in the world today, Timor-Leste has made great progress in building its institutions and economic capacity.With international support, Timor-Leste aims to improve its public financial management systems according to global benchmarks. Grounded upon the principles of the OECD’s Recommendation on Budgetary Governance and building on existing diagnostic and analytical materials this review performs a fresh assessment of the country’s current financial management systems and outlines a practical “roadmap” for progress in key areas of budgeting and planning over coming years.
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 18(2018), 2 vom: 12. Dez., Seite 8-72 | volume:18 | year:2018 | number:2 | day:12 | month:12 | pages:8-72
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 18(2018), 2 vom: 12. Dez., Seite 8-72
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:18
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:8-72
    Keywords: medium term planning ; fiscal transparency ; public financial management ; budgetary governance ; performance ; budgeting ; fiscal reporting ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; France ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: During the last two decades, France introduced a series of far-reaching reforms intended to bring about greater transparency towards Parliament, autonomy and flexibility to public managers, and rigor in to fiscal policy making.
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 18(2018), 2 vom: 12. Dez., Seite 151-195 | volume:18 | year:2018 | number:2 | day:12 | month:12 | pages:151-195
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 18(2018), 2 vom: 12. Dez., Seite 151-195
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:18
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:151-195
    Keywords: Institutions and behavioual patterns as determinants of budgetary outcomes ; Fixed and flexible medium term expenditure frameworks ; Top-down budgeting ; Decentralisation of operational expenditure control to line ministries ; Incremental budgeting ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This article describes the changes that have taken place in the work of the Budget Office of the central government as a consequence of the transition from the traditional budget process, often referred to as “incremental budgeting”, to top-down budgeting. This transition has taken place in most OECD countries in the course of the last three decades and has generally led to the end of the century-old trend of growth of the public sector relative to GDP. As a consequence of this transition the role of the budget office has shifted from operational expenditure control to supervision on the maintenance of the medium term expenditure framework. In general this has led to a more co-operative relationship between the Budget Office and the financial divisions of the line ministries. This article is based on case studies in three countries, namely the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Slovenia and highlights the differences in their budgeting procedures and the extent to which the transition to top-down budgeting has been implemented.
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 75-92 | volume:16 | year:2017 | number:2 | pages:75-92
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 75-92
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:16
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:75-92
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Despite fulfilling a crucial role in the delivery of public services, the finance function of line ministries has received little attention both in the past and in the present. This paper will focus on the finance function in line ministries, explain why a strong finance function is of paramount importance in the current era of lean and compact government and identify the reforms that need to be implemented in order to make this possible.
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 12, no. 2, p. 69-140 | volume:12 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:69-140
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 12, no. 2, p. 69-140
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:69-140
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This budget review of Ukraine first discusses some general legal, political and economic characteristics of the country and recent institutional reforms. Section 2 examines the budget formulation process with separate attention for the budget structure and classification, the annual budget preparation cycle, medium-term planning, long-term fiscal sustainability, the organisation of the Ministry of Finance, and the funding of local government. Section 3 addresses the parliamentary budget process with special attention for the Budget Committee, the annual parliamentary budget cycle, and the impact of parliament. Section 4 focuses on budget execution with special attention for the annual executive process, cash management, and budgetary discipline. Section 5 looks at the supply side of the budget process: the ministries and agencies that provide for public administration and service delivery at the level of central government, as well as such provision by local governments. Section 5 also addresses public employment, the civil service, public procurement, and the public enterprise sector. Section 6 looks at accounting and audit, with special attention for financial reporting, internal audit, and external audit. JEL classification: H610, H570, H830 Keywords: Budget formulation, budget preparation cycle, budget structure and classification, medium-term planning, long-term fiscal sustainability, parliamentary budget process, parliamentary budget committee, annual budget cycle, budget execution, cash management, budgetary discipline, public administration and service delivery, local government, public procurement, public employment, civil service, public enterprise sector, accounting, audit, financial reporting, internal audit, external audit, Ukraine.
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 12, no. 1, p. 1-44 | volume:12 | year:2012 | number:1 | pages:1-44
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 12, no. 1, p. 1-44
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2012
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-44
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Montenegro
    Abstract: This article examines the budget process in Montenegro. After discussing some general legal, political and economic characteristics of the country, recent institutional reforms are surveyed. The section on the budget formulation process pays special attention to the budget structure and classification, the annual budget preparation cycle, medium-term planning, long-term fiscal sustainability, the organisation of the Ministry of Finance, and the funding of local government. Section 3 addresses the parliamentary approval process, including the role of the budget committee, the annual parliamentary budget cycle, and the impact of Parliament. Section 4 focuses on budget execution, in particular the organisation of the executive process, cash management, and reallocation. Section 5 looks at the supply side of the budget process – public administration and service delivery by the central government as well as by local governments – and at public procurement, public employment, the civil service, and the public enterprise sector. Section 6 examines accounting and audit, including financial reporting, internal audit and external audit.
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 12, no. 1, p. 1-14 | volume:12 | year:2012 | number:1 | pages:1-14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 12, no. 1, p. 1-14
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2012
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-14
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The pace of recovery from the financial crisis is uneven across the OECD area. This article discusses the current economic situation in OECD countries and gives an overview of the consolidation efforts currently undertaken by many governments, including the Netherlands. After exploring why fiscal deficits arise and which factors are conducive to successful consolidation, the article concludes with some normative remarks on the Dutch consolidation package in the light of considerations of political economy.
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 185-227
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 185-227
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Latvia
    Abstract: At the time of this review, fiscal policy in Latvia was in considerable turmoil as a consequence of the world-wide financial crisis. Thus, some of the usual budget rules and procedures were not followed during budget preparation 2009 and 2010 and budget execution 2009. This review examines the usual budget rules and procedures that were followed until 2008 and also the major institutional revisions that were discussed in 2009. The instability of fiscal policy is a major problem for Latvia and there is an urgent need to bring more stability to the budget process.
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  • 10
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-53
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 3, p. 1-53
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: The institutional features of the budget process in Moldova are in a permanent flux, because of ambitious reform programmes that have been adopted in recent years and that are planned for the future. This article examines the Moldovan budget formulation process, the role of parliament, budget execution and budget discipline, the supply side of the budget process (public administration and service delivery), and accounting and audit. JEL classification: H610.
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  • 11
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 65-114
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 52 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Budgeting in Slovenia
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 65-114
    Keywords: Governance ; Slovenia
    Abstract: La présente étude sur le système budgétaire slovène fait partie intégrante du Projet sur le budget du Groupe de travail des Hauts responsables du budget. Le projet sur le budget vise à mettre en place et renforcer des réseaux régionaux de hauts responsables du budget en dehors de la zone de l’OCDE. Cette étude a servi de base à l’examen du système budgétaire slovène lors de la première réunion du réseau des hauts responsables du budget d’Europe centrale et orientale, les 10 et 11 novembre 2004 à La Haye.
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  • 12
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 121-146
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 28 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Typically Dutch
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 121-146
    Keywords: Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Cet article a pour but de mettre en évidence quelques-unes des particularités des institutions et des politiques du secteur public néerlandais qui peuvent être qualifiées « d’exception néerlandaise » et qui, en outre, peuvent paraître mériter une étude approfondie, voire s’affirmer comme source d’inspiration dans les pays qui réfléchissent aujourd’hui sur la modernisation de leur secteur public. Ce dessein comporte deux limitations qui doivent être soulignées dès le départ.
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  • 13
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1-40
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1-40
    Keywords: Governance ; Estonia
    Abstract: Since independence, Estonia has been at the forefront of institutional reform in the area of financial management. Budget formulation is divided into two distinct stages: strategic planning and preparation of the annual budget that is submitted to Parliament. This article describes key characteristics of budgeting in Estonia, including the development of the State Budget Strategy, the parliamentary process, the organisation of budget execution, and systems for accounting and auditing.
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  • 14
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1-58
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1-58
    Keywords: Governance ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Russia’s budgeting procedures have been in transition since the adoption of the Budget Code in 1998. Major revisions of the Code were undertaken in 2003, 2004 and 2007. This article explores the many facets of budgeting in the Russian Federation, including budget formulation, parliamentary approval, budget execution, accounting and auditing, and financial relations between levels of government.
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  • 15
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-41
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-41
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This article explores ways in which countries can reform their budget classification to focus more on results. It also examines the use of performance information in the budget process and its presentation in budget documentation. The article draws attention to the danger in overloading the documentation with performance information that plays no role in the budget process and thereby detracts from transparency rather than enhancing it.
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  • 16
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 7-80
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 75 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Droit et politique de la concurrence dans l'Union européenne
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 7-80
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Competition policy played a central role in the development of the EU and its institutions. The European Commission, supported by the European courts, developed the framework for competition policy in Europe. This framework has been built since the Treaty of Rome in 1957 on a foundation of promoting market opening while strengthening the institutions of the European Community. The competition policy of the European Community is now in transition toward a basis in market-centered economic considerations, as well as on application through the now-extensive network of nationallevel authorities. The “modernisation” reforms of the enforcement process became effective in May 2004, along with changes in the control of mergers, and the Commission has been considering revisions to its policies about other topics, notably abuse of dominance and state aid. As the Member States adapt their substantive rules to those of the Community, the roles of the European Commission, the national competition agencies and the courts are changing. Co-ordination of enforcement among many agencies in the European Community, particularly concerning applications for leniency as part of cartel investigations, is increasingly important. The Commission moved to strengthen its capacity for economic analysis and to correct weaknesses in its decision process that had been revealed in critical court decisions. The challenge to this system, well adapted for administrative application, is to produce results that are convincing to the courts while maintaining policy consistency in a system of decentralised enforcement. This report served as the basis for a peer review in the Competition Committee in 2005.
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  • 17
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-61
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-61
    Keywords: Governance ; Hungary
    Abstract: This review of the Hungarian budget process was carried out in May 2006. The review covers budget formulation, budget execution, parliamentary approval, accounting and auditing, and sub-national financing. Hungary has modernised its budget process over the last ten years, first as part of the pre-accession programme and then, since EU accession in 2004, in connection with the Convergence Programme 2005-08. Nevertheless, there remain some shortcomings which include the focus on the actual (non-cyclically adjusted) deficit, the focus on the budget year rather than the medium term, the lack of rules of budgetary discipline, and the lack of transparency concerning forecasts and outcomes. Hungary’s long-term growth record and general economic outlook are good, but institutional reform to correct these shortcomings is important for fiscal consolidation and macroeconomic stability.
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  • 18
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 7-98
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 93 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competition Law and Policy in the European Union
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 7-98
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La politique de la concurrence a joué un rôle clé dans le développement de l’Union européenne et de ses institutions. La Commission européenne, avec l’appui des tribunaux européens, a mis en place le cadre de la politique de la concurrence en Europe. Ce cadre a été édifié depuis le traité de Rome de 1957 avec le souci fondamental de promouvoir l’ouverture du marché tout en renforçant les institutions communautaires. La politique de la concurrence de la Communauté européenne connaît actuellement une transition vers une orientation axée sur l’économie de marché et sa mise en oeuvre s’effectue par le réseau désormais étendu des autorités de la concurrence nationales. Les réformes destinées à la « modernisation » du processus d’application sont entrées en vigueur en mai 2004, ainsi que les modifications intervenues en matière de contrôle des fusions. La Commission envisage en outre de revoir son dispositif dans d’autres domaines, comme l’abus de position dominante et les aides publiques. À mesure que les États membres adaptent leurs règles substantielles aux principes communautaires, le rôle de la Commission européenne, des autorités nationales de la concurrence et des tribunaux évolue aussi. La coordination du processus d’application entre les nombreux organes de la Communauté européenne, notamment en ce qui concerne les demandes de clémence déposées dans le cadre d’enquêtes relatives aux ententes, est de plus en plus importante. La Commission a pris des mesures pour renforcer ses capacités d’analyse économique et pour corriger les faiblesses de son processus de décision qui étaient apparues à l’occasion d’importantes décisions de justice. Tout le problème pour ce dispositif, qui est adapté aux méthodes administratives d’application, est de produire des résultats convaincants pour les tribunaux, tout en préservant la cohérence de l’action des pouvoirs publics dans un contexte d’application décentralisée. Ce rapport a servi de base à l’examen par les pairs réalisé en 2005 dans le cadre du Comité de la concurrence.
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  • 19
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-58
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-58
    Keywords: Governance ; Turkey
    Abstract: The Turkish budget process has three features which set it apart from other OECD countries: a centralised yet fragmented decision-making process; the IMF stand-by agreement as a de facto fiscal rule; and a very detailed line-item classification. This article analyses these features and makes suggestions for policy adjustment to improve effectiveness and efficiency. The article examines all stages of the budget process (preparation, parliamentary approval, execution, and accounting and auditing) and assesses Turkey’s recent rapid progress with reform. The article offers suggestions for next steps and new priorities for Turkey in the light of other OECD country experience.
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  • 20
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 121-142
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Dépenses hors budget et dépenses fiscales
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 121-142
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This paper reports the work that has been done by the OECD Secretariat on the project on off-budget and tax expenditures. The paper makes use of information that was provided at an expert meeting held in Paris in February 2004.
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  • 21
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 61-109
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 61-109
    Keywords: Governance ; Georgia
    Abstract: Following the Rose Revolution of November 2003, the government of Georgia has undertaken large reform initiatives in the area of fiscal policy. These efforts have focused on taxation, tax administration, and the budget process, including cash and debt management. A new budget system law became effective in January 2004, establishing a comprehensive framework for the functions and responsibilities of the Ministry of Finance and the spending agencies via a two-stage prioritisation process guided by the annual “Basic Data and Directions” document.
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  • 22
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 7-91
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 86 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competition Law and Policy in France
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 7-91
    Keywords: Governance ; France
    Abstract: Le droit de la concurrence en France reprend les normes européennes concernant les abus et les pratiques restrictives. Les deux institutions chargées de la mise en oeuvre de la législation de la concurrence doivent faire face à des objectifs contradictoires s’agissant de la concurrence déloyale et à des choix de politique et de compétence juridictionnelle délicats s’agissant de la réforme des monopoles d’infrastructure. Le directeur général de la DGCCRF et le président du Conseil de la concurrence ont formulé des remarques sur le rapport du Secrétariat. Ces remarques introductives à l’examen par les pairs de la France au Comité de la concurrence en octobre 2003 figurent en annexe de ce rapport.
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  • 23
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-60
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-60
    Keywords: Governance ; Croatia
    Abstract: Since 2000, three consecutive governments in Croatia have focused their policies on modernising the public administration and reforming the budget process. This article examines the budget process in Croatia in the light of its two unique characteristics: a very detailed account structure, and a large number of extra-budgetary funds and quasi-fiscal activities of public enterprises. The steps in the annual budget process are described, including the roles of specific actors (budget users, line ministries, the Central Government Treasury), and the limited role of Parliament in the formulation of budget policy.
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  • 24
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 7-81
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 76 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Droit et politique de la concurrence en France
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 7-81
    Keywords: Governance ; France
    Abstract: Competition law in France applies EU norms about restrictive agreements and abuses. The two institutions that apply the law must deal with its conflicting purposes concerning unfair competition, and with subtleties of policy choice and jurisdiction concerning the reform of infrastructure monopolies. The Director General of the DGCCRF and the chair of the Conseil de la Concurrence from France made some remarks on the Secretariat report. These introductory remarks to the peer review of France by the Competition Committee in October 2003 are in annex to this report.
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  • 25
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 37-78
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 37-78
    Keywords: Governance ; Switzerland
    Abstract: The Swiss budgeting system is characterised by three special features: the political environment; the debt containment rule; and the nature of the federal budget as a transfer budget. Prominent features of the political environment are direct democracy, consensus and federalism.
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  • 26
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 143-170
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 29 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Off-budget and Tax Expenditures
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 143-170
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Ce document rend compte des travaux qui ont été effectués par le Secrétariat de l’OCDE sur le projet de « dépenses hors budget et dépenses fiscales ». Il reprend des informations fournies lors d’une réunion d’experts tenue à Paris en février 2004.
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  • 27
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 111-158
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 111-158
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Intergovernmental grants are used in many countries to finance subnational spending and to implement national policies. However, the governance of grants is complex, and practices vary widely across OECD countries. The aim of this article is to provide a study of grant design that will be useful to policy makers. The article attempts to integrate both theoretical and empirical insights from the fiscal federalism literature as well as information obtained directly from practitioners concerning their experiences with the implementation of different types of grants. A typology of grants is presented, as well as an overview of the purposes of grants. The article concludes with some principles of grant design and implementation issues.
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  • 28
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 103-125
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'exception néerlandaise
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 103-125
    Keywords: Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This paper aims to identify a few features of institutions and policies in the Dutch public sector that can be characterised as “typically Dutch” and that, moreover, may be considered as worthy of further thought, or perhaps even as a source of inspiration, for countries that are presently thinking about the modernisation of their public sector. This aim implies two limitations that ought to be emphasised at the outset...
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  • 29
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 55-98
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La procédure budgétaire en Slovénie
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 55-98
    Keywords: Governance ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This review of the Slovenian budget system was carried out as part of the Budget Project of the Working Party of Senior Budget Officials (SBO). The Budget Project aims to initiate and foster regional networks of Senior Budget Officials outside the OECD area. This review served as a basis for the examination of the Slovenian budget system at the first meeting of the network of Senior Budget Officials of Central and Eastern Europe, held on 10-11 November 2004 in The Hague...
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  • 30
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 7-67
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 7-67
    Keywords: Governance ; Finland
    Abstract: Competition policy was at the centre of market-driven reforms since the late 1980s that restructured Finland’s network monopolies and eliminated the many vestiges of corporatist control. The pace of change is slower now, as the role of market institutions in providing traditional government services presents novel and difficult issues about quality, equity, efficiency, and choice. The role of the competition body, the Finnish Competition Authority (FCA), is also changing. In the previous stages, its principal path of influence, after it made a mark with a strong early enforcement program against tolerated price fixing, was through advice and advocacy. As competitive markets are...
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  • 31
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-66
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-66
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: Germany's post-war competition law has been notably successful, and the enforcement body, the Bundeskartellamt, is widely respected. German institutions are now challenged to adapt to the modernised EU enforcement approach. Germany's institutional structure has supported competition well within its defined sphere; however, it may not be as well adapted to promoting competition in liberalising network sectors
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 57-140
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence au Royaume-Uni
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 57-140
    Keywords: Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The unusually complex competition policy institutions of the UK include a Commission that is concerned about the “public interest” in monopolies and market practices, the Director General of Fair Trading who enforces a competition law that is now modelled on European law, and many regulators who are also responsible for enforcing the same competition law in their sectors. Stronger powers under the Competition Act 1998 make enforcement more credible now, but still more changes are likely, notably concerning mergers and monopolies...
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  • 33
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-79
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 74 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competition Law and Policy in South Africa
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-79
    Keywords: Governance ; South Africa
    Abstract: L’un des éléments de la révolution pacifique de l’Afrique du Sud au cours de la dernière décennie est la réforme de ses institutions de politique de la concurrence. Le système précédent avait appuyé un régime économique caractérisé par l’autarcie, la protection, le dirigisme et une forte concentration. Le nouveau dispositif comporte deux grands axes : utiliser la politique de la concurrence pour corriger les défauts de l’ancien système et promouvoir les objectifs généraux d’emploi et de partage du pouvoir économique. L’Afrique du Sud aspire à un régime de politique de la concurrence moderne, à la hauteur d’une économie dont une bonne partie est bien dotée en ressources. Les nouvelles instances de la concurrence, répondant dans une large mesure à la nécessité d’opérer à partir de 1994 une restructuration fondamentale des institutions publiques, ont fait la preuve de leur capacité à traiter des questions structurelles complexes lorsqu’il s’est agi de se prononcer sur un grand nombre de fusions. L’extrême juridisme qui régnait dans l’administration et les entreprises a mis ces nouvelles instances au défi de prouver leur savoir-faire et a testé leurs prérogatives. Maintenant que la procédure d’examen des fusions a été mise en place, il conviendrait de prêter davantage attention aux questions autres que les fusions et, probablement aussi à la promotion de la concurrence. Les ressources sont limitées et il est crucial d’élargir et de renforcer les compétences du personnel professionnel. Pour maintenir une politique de la concurrence cohérente dans les secteurs régulés, il est indispensable de consolider les liens avec les organismes sectoriels de régulation ...
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  • 34
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-69
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politique et droit de la concurrence en Afrique du Sud
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-69
    Keywords: Governance ; South Africa
    Abstract: One of the elements of South Africa’s peaceful revolution over the last decade was reform of its competition policy institutions. The previous system had supported the previous economic system, characterised by autarky, protection, government direction, and high concentration. The new system promised to use competition policy to correct the faults of the old system and to promote policy goals of employment and empowerment. South Africa aspires to a modern competition policy regime, to deal with the well-resourced sophistication of much of the South African economy. Its new institutions, whose novelty responds in large part to the post-1994 imperative for fundamental restructuring of government institutions, have shown a capacity to deal confidently with complex structural issues in deciding dozens of merger cases. A legalistic business and government culture has challenged these new bodies to prove their competence and tested their jurisdiction. Now that the merger review process has been established, more attention should be paid to non-merger matters and probably to advocacy as well. Resources are stretched, and there is a critical need to improve the depth and strengthen the capacity of the professional staff. Maintaining consistent competition policy in regulated sectors will requiring reinforcing the relationships with sectoral regulators ...
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  • 35
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 67-172
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 108 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Competition Law and Policy in the United Kingdom
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 67-172
    Keywords: Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Les institutions de politique de concurrence du Royaume-Uni sont inhabituellement complexes. Elles comportent une commission qui se préoccupe « d’intérêt public » dans les monopoles et pratiques de marché, le directeur général du commerce équitable (Fair Trading) qui applique la législation de la concurrence désormais modelée sur la législation européenne, et de nombreux régulateurs qui sont également responsables de la mise en œuvre de la même législation dans leur secteur respectif. Des pouvoirs plus forts, au titre de la loi de 1998, rendent plus crédible maintenant l’application de la loi mais davantage de changements sont encore probables, notamment s’agissant des fusions et des monopoles...
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  • 36
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 47-107
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence au Canada
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 47-107
    Keywords: Governance ; Canada
    Abstract: Important issues in competition policy in Canada today are the independence and powers of the institutions and the balance between competition policy principles and national interests. The foundations of policy are being tested in merger litigation over the meaning of efficiency. Enforcement against cartels is complicated by a need to show that restraints are “undue.” Canada's “conformity continuum” offers an important, distinctive contribution to enforcement practice. Responses to controversies sometimes appear ad hoc, but the outcomes, such as the laws about banking mergers and about airlines, have recognised competition concerns. Policy options for consideration include finding other means to promote the goals now served by ownership controls, reviewing the scope of federal and provincial regulatory constraints on competition, clarifying the scope of the Commissioner's decision-making independence, and making enforcement more efficient by providing for private action, improving the decision process, and clarifying the anti-cartel principle.
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  • 37
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 53-127
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 77 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Competition Law and Policy in Canada
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 53-127
    Keywords: Governance ; Canada
    Abstract: Les questions importantes aujourd'hui au Canada dans le domaine de la concurrence sont l'indépendance et les pouvoirs des autorités, et l'équilibre entre principes de politique de concurrence et intérêts nationaux. Les fondements de la politique ont été mis à l'épreuve s'agissant de la signification de l'efficience dans des procès concernant des fusions. L'application de la loi à l'encontre des ententes se complique de la nécessité de démontrer que les restrictions sont injustifiées. Le « continuum d'observation de la loi » offre au Canada une contribution importante et originale à la façon dont la loi est mise en œuvre. Les réponses apportées aux controverses paraissent ad hoc mais le résultat, comme les lois concernant les fusions bancaires et les compagnies aériennes, prend en compte les préoccupations de concurrence. Les options politiques à examiner comportent la recherche d'autres moyens pour promouvoir les objectifs pour le moment remplis par le contrôle des détenteurs du capital, l'examen du champ des contraintes réglementaires tant fédérales que provinciales, la clarification du degré d'indépendance du Commissaire en matière de pouvoir de décision, une efficacité accrue de l'application de la loi en permettant le recours à l'action privée, l'amélioration du processus de décision et la clarification du principe de lutte contre les ententes.
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  • 38
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 5, no. 2, p. 95-149
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 57 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Competition Law and Policy in Poland
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 2, p. 95-149
    Keywords: Governance ; Poland
    Abstract: Le droit de la concurrence polonais des années 90 qui a accompagné la restructuration du pays durant la période de transition, suit maintenant en substance les règles du Traité de l’Union européenne. L’application de la législation, cependant, se concentre toujours sur les abus perpétrés par ceux qui ont succédé aux monopoles pré existant à la réforme. L’Office de défense de la concurrence et des consommateurs (OPCC) combine la mise en œuvre du droit de la concurrence avec la protection des consommateurs et le contrôle des aides d’État, tandis que le tribunal antimonopole traite des politiques réglementaires à partir de cas portant sur la réglementation d’infrastructure. Clarifier l’indépendance de l’OPCC vis-à-vis du gouvernement confortera l’intégrité de la mise en œuvre de la loi et rendra son plaidoyer en faveur de la concurrence plus visible.
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  • 39
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 2, p. 83-132
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence en Pologne
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 2, p. 83-132
    Keywords: Governance ; Poland
    Abstract: Poland’s 1990 competition law, which supported its transition restructuring, now substantively follows the rules of the EU treaty. But enforcement still focuses on abuses by successors to pre-reform monopolies. Competition enforcement agency by the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (OCCP) is combined with consumer protection and monitoring state aids, while Antimonopoly Court integrates regulatory policies by deciding cases about infrastructure regulation. Clarifying the OCCP’s independence from the government will support the integrity of law enforcement as well as a more publicly visible advocacy role.
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  • 40
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 7-62
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 58 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Budgeting in the United States
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 7-62
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: Le processus budgétaire de l’administration fédérale des États-Unis est différent de celui des autres pays membres de l’OCDE. La raison en est la division rigoureuse des pouvoirs qui caractérise le régime constitutionnel américain de même qu’un long parcours historique marqué par l’ajout successif de nouvelles institutions. Le processus budgétaire présidentiel a commencé à se développer au début du siècle précédent. Il a été codifié pour la première fois en 1921 dans une loi intitulée Budget and Accounting Act, laquelle exigeait que le Président soumette au Congrès un budget pour le gouvernement et créait le Bureau of the Budget, devenu depuis l’Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Dans les années 70, le Congrès a modifié son propre processus budgétaire au moyen d’une loi intitulée Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act. Adoptée en 1974, cette loi créait la résolution budgétaire du Congrès et établissait le Congressional Budget Office (CBO). Une nouvelle institution s’est ajoutée au cours des années 1980 dans le but de contrôler le déficit. Il s’agit de la loi intitulée Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, connue sous le nom de Loi Gramm-Rudman-Hollings qui a été adoptée en 1985. Elle a été modifiée en profondeur en 1990 par la Budget Enforcement Act...
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  • 41
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 7-53
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La budgétisation aux États-Unis
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 7-53
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The budgetary process in the United States federal government is different from that in other OECD member countries. This is a consequence of the strict separation of powers that characterises the American constitutional system and of a long historical development in which new layers of institutional innovation were successively added to existing ones. The presidential budgetary process started to develop in the beginning of the previous century. Its first codification took place in the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, which required that the President submit a budget for the government to Congress and created the Bureau of the Budget, now the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). In the 1970s, Congress changed its own budgetary process through the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, which created the Congressional Budget Resolution and established the Congressional Budget Office. Another layer of innovation was added during the 1980s with the aim of controlling the deficit. This began with the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, commonly known as the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act, which in 1990 was fundamentally amended by the Budget Enforcement Act...
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 7-64
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 59 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Competition Law and Policy in the Czech Republic
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 7-64
    Keywords: Governance ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: La législation de la concurrence en République tchèque repose sur les principaux concepts européens de fond. Les éléments qui étaient essentiels à une économie de transition sont en cours de révision dans le cadre du processus d’accession à l’Union européenne. L’autorité chargée de l’application de la loi était à l’époque un ministère alors que maintenant, le Bureau tchèque de la protection de la concurrence économique est une agence indépendante. Les clauses d’exemption sont bien contrôlées, et les mécanismes d’application fonctionnent bien. Cependant des pouvoirs plus forts pourraient être nécessaires pour traiter les ententes secrètes. L’amélioration de la compétitivité qui passe par l’achèvement de la réforme des structures industrielles héritées, nécessite la résolution des problèmes de financement et de gouvernement d’entreprise. A cet égard, la politique de la concurrence jouera un rôle modeste.
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  • 43
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 7-58
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence en République tchèque
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 7-58
    Keywords: Governance ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The Czech Republic competition law is based on familiar European substantive concepts. Features that were appropriate for a transition setting are being revised in anticipation of EU accession. The enforcement body was at one time a separate Ministry; now, the Czech Office for the Protection of Economic Competition is an independent agency. Provisions for exemption are well controlled, and the processes for applying it are working well; however, stronger enforcement powers may be needed to deal with secret cartels. The major challenge of improving competitiveness by completing the reform of the inherited industrial structure requires solving problems of corporate governance and financing. The role of competition policy in that task will be modest.
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