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  • Wise, Michael  (16)
  • Hawkesworth, Ian  (11)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (27)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Paris : OECD Publishing.
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank
  • Governance  (27)
Datasource
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Language
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Author, Corporation
Publisher
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (27)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Paris : OECD Publishing.
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank
Keywords
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Overview of public governance of public-private partnerships in the Russian Federation (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 15, no. 1, p. 9-30 | volume:15 | year:2016 | number:1 | pages:9-30
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 15, no. 1, p. 9-30
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:15
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2016
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:9-30
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Good infrastructure is crucial to a country’s development and continued success. Russia’s developmental goals require new and upgraded infrastructure throughout its territory. Private investment in capital projects will be vital for Russia to meet these goals. To facilitate private investment, the Russian government has embarked on a series of reforms aimed at improving the investment climate and creating a robust institutional framework for private sector participation in concessions and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). The OECD’s 2012 Council Recommendation on Principles for Public Governance of Public-Private Partnerships (the PPP Recommendation) aims to support governments facing trade-offs between three demands inherent in a PPP project process. This article provides an overview of the alignment of the policies of the Russian Federation in the area of public governance of PPPs with these recommendations. JEL classification: H41, H54, H57 Keywords: Council recommendations, public private partnerships, Russian Federation, value for money
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-15-5jm3rx2q6mzs
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  • 2
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    Budgeting levers, strategic agility and the use of performance budgeting in 2011/12 (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 13, no. 1, p. 105-140 | volume:13 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:105-140
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 13, no. 1, p. 105-140
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:105-140
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Governments need to be able to quickly and flexibly reallocate resources from one priority to another. This article addresses this dimension of strategic agility in terms of managing the reallocation of resources in the public sector through the use of various budgetary tools. The focus is on recent fiscal consolidation efforts, the use of performance information and spending reviews, and automatic productivity cuts. This article draws on the OECD survey on performance and results that was conducted in 2011/12; the data are accurate as of November 2012.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-13-5k3ttg15bs31
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  • 3
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    Selected budgeting issues in Chile : Performance budgeting, medium-term budgeting, budget flexibility (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 12, no. 3, p. 1-39 | volume:12 | year:2013 | number:3 | pages:1-39
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 12, no. 3, p. 1-39
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-39
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: The Chilean government is exploring several important areas of public sector reform. This article discusses performance budgeting (including spending reviews, efficiency reviews, and the Chilean performance management system), mediumterm budgeting (especially the use of forward estimates and fiscal rules), and flexibility and efficiency in budget execution. Chile’s situation as of May 2012 was analysed in the light of OECD country best practices at the annual meeting of the OECD network on performance and results in November 2012, and the article makes several suggestions for reform. JEL classification: H610 Keywords: Chile, budget structure, programme classification, formula-based performance budgeting, performance-based budgeting, evaluation, fiscal space, productivity savings mechanism, medium-term budgeting framework, MTBF, longterm projections
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-12-5k44tpx5bl48
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  • 4
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    Capital budgeting and procurement practices (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 13, no. 1, p. 57-104 | volume:13 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:57-104
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 13, no. 1, p. 57-104
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:57-104
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Capital investment is a key function of government. However, for a number of reasons it has proven difficult for governments to ensure that capital investment represents value for money, is affordable, and is budgeted and accounted for in a prudent and transparent manner. This article discusses these challenges facing governments. Using the findings of a survey conducted among OECD countries and enhanced engagement countries in 2012, this article provides an overview of what governments are doing with respect to planning and prioritisation, procurement, construction, operation and management, monitoring and evaluation, and budgeting and accounting for capital projects. The article concludes with a number of recommendations for capital budgeting and procurement. JEL classification: H400, H540, H570 Keywords: Capital investment, capital budgeting, capital projects, value for money, budgeting systems, accounting systems, transparency, procurement, public-private partnerships, PPPs, TIP, traditional infrastructure procurement
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-13-5k3w580lh1q7
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  • 5
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    How To Attain Value for Money : Comparing PPP and Traditional Infrastructure Public Procurement (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 91-146
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 91-146
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Governments increasingly use public-private partnerships (PPPs) to pursue value for money. However, value for money is (or at least, should be) the driving force behind traditional infrastructure procurement. Therefore, any project, whether it is a PPP or a traditionally procured project, should be undertaken only if it creates value for money. It seems that the choice between using a PPP or traditional procurement should be simple: governments should prefer the method that creates the most value for money. However, in practice the value-for-money objective is very often blurred, and the choice between using a PPP and traditional infrastructure procurement may be skewed by factors other than value for money. Some factors skew choice towards traditional procurement, while others skew it towards PPPs. Drawing on the results of a questionnaire sent to all OECD and some non-OECD countries, this article considers the various factors that may skew this choice and thereby undermine the pursuit of value for money. The results of the questionnaire point especially to differences in the range and complexity of the ex ante and ex post value-for-money tests that some governments apply to PPPs and traditionally procured infrastructure projects. However, accounting standards, political preferences for or against PPPs, and the strength of public sector unions also play, among others, a role in skewing incentives and affecting choice in some countries. The findings of the questionnaire are augmented by four case studies setting out the procurement processes for PPPs and traditional infrastructure procurement in France, Germany, Korea and the United Kingdom. With the focus on the attainment of value for money and by exploring the issues raised in the responses to the questionnaire, this article sets out some good practices that will align the requirements for these two types of procurement and remove possible perverse incentives that favour one over the other. JEL classification: H400, H440, H540, H570 Keywords: value for money, public-private partnerships, PPPs, traditional public procurement, infrastructure, public choice
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-11-5kg9zc0pvq6j
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  • 6
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    Budgeting in Indonesia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-31
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-31
    Keywords: Governance ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This article discusses Indonesia’s economic and fiscal performance following the 1997/98 financial crisis and the transition to democracy, as well as the budget formulation process and the role of Parliament. Aspects of budget implementation are discussed throughout the article. Jón R. Blöndal, Ian Hawkesworth and Hyun-Deok Choi
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-9-5ks72wv89p48
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  • 7
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    Budgeting in Australia (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1-64
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1-64
    Keywords: Governance ; Australia
    Abstract: This review of budgeting in Australia concentrates on the national government only. The article first discusses Australia’s recent economic and fiscal performance and then focuses on the budget formulation process. After a discussion of the role of the Parliament, the article reviews various aspects of budget implementation and management. The article concludes with a special section on Australia’s efforts to eliminate “red tape” within government. This review was undertaken in September 2007; following the election of a new government in Australia in November 2007, some new policies are highlighted, encompassing budget formulation, processes, accounting and management.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v8-art9-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
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    Budgeting in Russia (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1-58
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1-58
    Keywords: Governance ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Russia’s budgeting procedures have been in transition since the adoption of the Budget Code in 1998. Major revisions of the Code were undertaken in 2003, 2004 and 2007. This article explores the many facets of budgeting in the Russian Federation, including budget formulation, parliamentary approval, budget execution, accounting and auditing, and financial relations between levels of government.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v8-art7-en
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  • 9
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    Budgeting in Greece (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 1-50
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 1-50
    Keywords: Governance ; Greece
    Abstract: Greece is undertaking important reforms with the aim of making the budget a more modern strategic policy document. This article examines Greece’s recent economic and fiscal performance and the developments that led to the launch of the programme budgeting pilot in 2008. The article discusses the budget formulation process, the role of Parliament, and various aspects of budget implementation and management. The report concludes with a discussion of accounting, audit and accountability.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v8-art12-en
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  • 10
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    Droit et politique de la concurrence dans l'Union européenne (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 7-98
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 93 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competition Law and Policy in the European Union
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 7-98
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La politique de la concurrence a joué un rôle clé dans le développement de l’Union européenne et de ses institutions. La Commission européenne, avec l’appui des tribunaux européens, a mis en place le cadre de la politique de la concurrence en Europe. Ce cadre a été édifié depuis le traité de Rome de 1957 avec le souci fondamental de promouvoir l’ouverture du marché tout en renforçant les institutions communautaires. La politique de la concurrence de la Communauté européenne connaît actuellement une transition vers une orientation axée sur l’économie de marché et sa mise en oeuvre s’effectue par le réseau désormais étendu des autorités de la concurrence nationales. Les réformes destinées à la « modernisation » du processus d’application sont entrées en vigueur en mai 2004, ainsi que les modifications intervenues en matière de contrôle des fusions. La Commission envisage en outre de revoir son dispositif dans d’autres domaines, comme l’abus de position dominante et les aides publiques. À mesure que les États membres adaptent leurs règles substantielles aux principes communautaires, le rôle de la Commission européenne, des autorités nationales de la concurrence et des tribunaux évolue aussi. La coordination du processus d’application entre les nombreux organes de la Communauté européenne, notamment en ce qui concerne les demandes de clémence déposées dans le cadre d’enquêtes relatives aux ententes, est de plus en plus importante. La Commission a pris des mesures pour renforcer ses capacités d’analyse économique et pour corriger les faiblesses de son processus de décision qui étaient apparues à l’occasion d’importantes décisions de justice. Tout le problème pour ce dispositif, qui est adapté aux méthodes administratives d’application, est de produire des résultats convaincants pour les tribunaux, tout en préservant la cohérence de l’action des pouvoirs publics dans un contexte d’application décentralisée. Ce rapport a servi de base à l’examen par les pairs réalisé en 2005 dans le cadre du Comité de la concurrence.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v9-art2-fr
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  • 11
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    Competition Law and Policy in the European Union (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 7-80
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 75 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Droit et politique de la concurrence dans l'Union européenne
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 7-80
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Competition policy played a central role in the development of the EU and its institutions. The European Commission, supported by the European courts, developed the framework for competition policy in Europe. This framework has been built since the Treaty of Rome in 1957 on a foundation of promoting market opening while strengthening the institutions of the European Community. The competition policy of the European Community is now in transition toward a basis in market-centered economic considerations, as well as on application through the now-extensive network of nationallevel authorities. The “modernisation” reforms of the enforcement process became effective in May 2004, along with changes in the control of mergers, and the Commission has been considering revisions to its policies about other topics, notably abuse of dominance and state aid. As the Member States adapt their substantive rules to those of the Community, the roles of the European Commission, the national competition agencies and the courts are changing. Co-ordination of enforcement among many agencies in the European Community, particularly concerning applications for leniency as part of cartel investigations, is increasingly important. The Commission moved to strengthen its capacity for economic analysis and to correct weaknesses in its decision process that had been revealed in critical court decisions. The challenge to this system, well adapted for administrative application, is to produce results that are convincing to the courts while maintaining policy consistency in a system of decentralised enforcement. This report served as the basis for a peer review in the Competition Committee in 2005.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v9-art2-en
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  • 12
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    Budgeting in Turkey (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-58
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-58
    Keywords: Governance ; Turkey
    Abstract: The Turkish budget process has three features which set it apart from other OECD countries: a centralised yet fragmented decision-making process; the IMF stand-by agreement as a de facto fiscal rule; and a very detailed line-item classification. This article analyses these features and makes suggestions for policy adjustment to improve effectiveness and efficiency. The article examines all stages of the budget process (preparation, parliamentary approval, execution, and accounting and auditing) and assesses Turkey’s recent rapid progress with reform. The article offers suggestions for next steps and new priorities for Turkey in the light of other OECD country experience.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v7-art8-en
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  • 13
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    Budgeting in Hungary (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-61
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-61
    Keywords: Governance ; Hungary
    Abstract: This review of the Hungarian budget process was carried out in May 2006. The review covers budget formulation, budget execution, parliamentary approval, accounting and auditing, and sub-national financing. Hungary has modernised its budget process over the last ten years, first as part of the pre-accession programme and then, since EU accession in 2004, in connection with the Convergence Programme 2005-08. Nevertheless, there remain some shortcomings which include the focus on the actual (non-cyclically adjusted) deficit, the focus on the budget year rather than the medium term, the lack of rules of budgetary discipline, and the lack of transparency concerning forecasts and outcomes. Hungary’s long-term growth record and general economic outlook are good, but institutional reform to correct these shortcomings is important for fiscal consolidation and macroeconomic stability.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v6-art14-en
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  • 14
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    Droit et politique de la concurrence en France (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 7-91
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 86 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competition Law and Policy in France
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 7-91
    Keywords: Governance ; France
    Abstract: Le droit de la concurrence en France reprend les normes européennes concernant les abus et les pratiques restrictives. Les deux institutions chargées de la mise en oeuvre de la législation de la concurrence doivent faire face à des objectifs contradictoires s’agissant de la concurrence déloyale et à des choix de politique et de compétence juridictionnelle délicats s’agissant de la réforme des monopoles d’infrastructure. Le directeur général de la DGCCRF et le président du Conseil de la concurrence ont formulé des remarques sur le rapport du Secrétariat. Ces remarques introductives à l’examen par les pairs de la France au Comité de la concurrence en octobre 2003 figurent en annexe de ce rapport.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v7-art2-fr
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  • 15
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    Competition Law and Policy in France (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 7-81
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 76 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Droit et politique de la concurrence en France
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 7-81
    Keywords: Governance ; France
    Abstract: Competition law in France applies EU norms about restrictive agreements and abuses. The two institutions that apply the law must deal with its conflicting purposes concerning unfair competition, and with subtleties of policy choice and jurisdiction concerning the reform of infrastructure monopolies. The Director General of the DGCCRF and the chair of the Conseil de la Concurrence from France made some remarks on the Secretariat report. These introductory remarks to the peer review of France by the Competition Committee in October 2003 are in annex to this report.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v7-art2-en
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  • 16
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    Competition Law and Policy in Finland (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 7-67
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 7-67
    Keywords: Governance ; Finland
    Abstract: Competition policy was at the centre of market-driven reforms since the late 1980s that restructured Finland’s network monopolies and eliminated the many vestiges of corporatist control. The pace of change is slower now, as the role of market institutions in providing traditional government services presents novel and difficult issues about quality, equity, efficiency, and choice. The role of the competition body, the Finnish Competition Authority (FCA), is also changing. In the previous stages, its principal path of influence, after it made a mark with a strong early enforcement program against tolerated price fixing, was through advice and advocacy. As competitive markets are...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v6-art9-en
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  • 17
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    Competition Law and Policy in Germany (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-66
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-66
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: Germany's post-war competition law has been notably successful, and the enforcement body, the Bundeskartellamt, is widely respected. German institutions are now challenged to adapt to the modernised EU enforcement approach. Germany's institutional structure has supported competition well within its defined sphere; however, it may not be as well adapted to promoting competition in liberalising network sectors
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v7-art5-en
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  • 18
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    Competition Law and Policy in South Africa (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-69
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politique et droit de la concurrence en Afrique du Sud
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-69
    Keywords: Governance ; South Africa
    Abstract: One of the elements of South Africa’s peaceful revolution over the last decade was reform of its competition policy institutions. The previous system had supported the previous economic system, characterised by autarky, protection, government direction, and high concentration. The new system promised to use competition policy to correct the faults of the old system and to promote policy goals of employment and empowerment. South Africa aspires to a modern competition policy regime, to deal with the well-resourced sophistication of much of the South African economy. Its new institutions, whose novelty responds in large part to the post-1994 imperative for fundamental restructuring of government institutions, have shown a capacity to deal confidently with complex structural issues in deciding dozens of merger cases. A legalistic business and government culture has challenged these new bodies to prove their competence and tested their jurisdiction. Now that the merger review process has been established, more attention should be paid to non-merger matters and probably to advocacy as well. Resources are stretched, and there is a critical need to improve the depth and strengthen the capacity of the professional staff. Maintaining consistent competition policy in regulated sectors will requiring reinforcing the relationships with sectoral regulators ...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art14-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 19
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    Politique et droit de la concurrence en Afrique du Sud (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-79
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 74 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competition Law and Policy in South Africa
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-79
    Keywords: Governance ; South Africa
    Abstract: L’un des éléments de la révolution pacifique de l’Afrique du Sud au cours de la dernière décennie est la réforme de ses institutions de politique de la concurrence. Le système précédent avait appuyé un régime économique caractérisé par l’autarcie, la protection, le dirigisme et une forte concentration. Le nouveau dispositif comporte deux grands axes : utiliser la politique de la concurrence pour corriger les défauts de l’ancien système et promouvoir les objectifs généraux d’emploi et de partage du pouvoir économique. L’Afrique du Sud aspire à un régime de politique de la concurrence moderne, à la hauteur d’une économie dont une bonne partie est bien dotée en ressources. Les nouvelles instances de la concurrence, répondant dans une large mesure à la nécessité d’opérer à partir de 1994 une restructuration fondamentale des institutions publiques, ont fait la preuve de leur capacité à traiter des questions structurelles complexes lorsqu’il s’est agi de se prononcer sur un grand nombre de fusions. L’extrême juridisme qui régnait dans l’administration et les entreprises a mis ces nouvelles instances au défi de prouver leur savoir-faire et a testé leurs prérogatives. Maintenant que la procédure d’examen des fusions a été mise en place, il conviendrait de prêter davantage attention aux questions autres que les fusions et, probablement aussi à la promotion de la concurrence. Les ressources sont limitées et il est crucial d’élargir et de renforcer les compétences du personnel professionnel. Pour maintenir une politique de la concurrence cohérente dans les secteurs régulés, il est indispensable de consolider les liens avec les organismes sectoriels de régulation ...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art14-fr
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  • 20
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    Review of Competition Law and Policy in the United Kingdom (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 57-140
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence au Royaume-Uni
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 57-140
    Keywords: Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The unusually complex competition policy institutions of the UK include a Commission that is concerned about the “public interest” in monopolies and market practices, the Director General of Fair Trading who enforces a competition law that is now modelled on European law, and many regulators who are also responsible for enforcing the same competition law in their sectors. Stronger powers under the Competition Act 1998 make enforcement more credible now, but still more changes are likely, notably concerning mergers and monopolies...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art11-en
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  • 21
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    Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence au Royaume-Uni (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 67-172
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 108 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Competition Law and Policy in the United Kingdom
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 67-172
    Keywords: Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Les institutions de politique de concurrence du Royaume-Uni sont inhabituellement complexes. Elles comportent une commission qui se préoccupe « d’intérêt public » dans les monopoles et pratiques de marché, le directeur général du commerce équitable (Fair Trading) qui applique la législation de la concurrence désormais modelée sur la législation européenne, et de nombreux régulateurs qui sont également responsables de la mise en œuvre de la même législation dans leur secteur respectif. Des pouvoirs plus forts, au titre de la loi de 1998, rendent plus crédible maintenant l’application de la loi mais davantage de changements sont encore probables, notamment s’agissant des fusions et des monopoles...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art11-fr
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  • 22
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    Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence au Canada (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 53-127
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 77 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Competition Law and Policy in Canada
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 53-127
    Keywords: Governance ; Canada
    Abstract: Les questions importantes aujourd'hui au Canada dans le domaine de la concurrence sont l'indépendance et les pouvoirs des autorités, et l'équilibre entre principes de politique de concurrence et intérêts nationaux. Les fondements de la politique ont été mis à l'épreuve s'agissant de la signification de l'efficience dans des procès concernant des fusions. L'application de la loi à l'encontre des ententes se complique de la nécessité de démontrer que les restrictions sont injustifiées. Le « continuum d'observation de la loi » offre au Canada une contribution importante et originale à la façon dont la loi est mise en œuvre. Les réponses apportées aux controverses paraissent ad hoc mais le résultat, comme les lois concernant les fusions bancaires et les compagnies aériennes, prend en compte les préoccupations de concurrence. Les options politiques à examiner comportent la recherche d'autres moyens pour promouvoir les objectifs pour le moment remplis par le contrôle des détenteurs du capital, l'examen du champ des contraintes réglementaires tant fédérales que provinciales, la clarification du degré d'indépendance du Commissaire en matière de pouvoir de décision, une efficacité accrue de l'application de la loi en permettant le recours à l'action privée, l'amélioration du processus de décision et la clarification du principe de lutte contre les ententes.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art3-fr
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  • 23
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    Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence en Pologne (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 5, no. 2, p. 95-149
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 57 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Competition Law and Policy in Poland
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 2, p. 95-149
    Keywords: Governance ; Poland
    Abstract: Le droit de la concurrence polonais des années 90 qui a accompagné la restructuration du pays durant la période de transition, suit maintenant en substance les règles du Traité de l’Union européenne. L’application de la législation, cependant, se concentre toujours sur les abus perpétrés par ceux qui ont succédé aux monopoles pré existant à la réforme. L’Office de défense de la concurrence et des consommateurs (OPCC) combine la mise en œuvre du droit de la concurrence avec la protection des consommateurs et le contrôle des aides d’État, tandis que le tribunal antimonopole traite des politiques réglementaires à partir de cas portant sur la réglementation d’infrastructure. Clarifier l’indépendance de l’OPCC vis-à-vis du gouvernement confortera l’intégrité de la mise en œuvre de la loi et rendra son plaidoyer en faveur de la concurrence plus visible.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art7-fr
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  • 24
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    Review of Competition Law and Policy in Canada (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 47-107
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence au Canada
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 47-107
    Keywords: Governance ; Canada
    Abstract: Important issues in competition policy in Canada today are the independence and powers of the institutions and the balance between competition policy principles and national interests. The foundations of policy are being tested in merger litigation over the meaning of efficiency. Enforcement against cartels is complicated by a need to show that restraints are “undue.” Canada's “conformity continuum” offers an important, distinctive contribution to enforcement practice. Responses to controversies sometimes appear ad hoc, but the outcomes, such as the laws about banking mergers and about airlines, have recognised competition concerns. Policy options for consideration include finding other means to promote the goals now served by ownership controls, reviewing the scope of federal and provincial regulatory constraints on competition, clarifying the scope of the Commissioner's decision-making independence, and making enforcement more efficient by providing for private action, improving the decision process, and clarifying the anti-cartel principle.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art3-en
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  • 25
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    Review of Competition Law and Policy in Poland (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 2, p. 83-132
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence en Pologne
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 2, p. 83-132
    Keywords: Governance ; Poland
    Abstract: Poland’s 1990 competition law, which supported its transition restructuring, now substantively follows the rules of the EU treaty. But enforcement still focuses on abuses by successors to pre-reform monopolies. Competition enforcement agency by the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (OCCP) is combined with consumer protection and monitoring state aids, while Antimonopoly Court integrates regulatory policies by deciding cases about infrastructure regulation. Clarifying the OCCP’s independence from the government will support the integrity of law enforcement as well as a more publicly visible advocacy role.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art7-en
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  • 26
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    Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence en République tchèque (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 7-64
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 59 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Competition Law and Policy in the Czech Republic
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 7-64
    Keywords: Governance ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: La législation de la concurrence en République tchèque repose sur les principaux concepts européens de fond. Les éléments qui étaient essentiels à une économie de transition sont en cours de révision dans le cadre du processus d’accession à l’Union européenne. L’autorité chargée de l’application de la loi était à l’époque un ministère alors que maintenant, le Bureau tchèque de la protection de la concurrence économique est une agence indépendante. Les clauses d’exemption sont bien contrôlées, et les mécanismes d’application fonctionnent bien. Cependant des pouvoirs plus forts pourraient être nécessaires pour traiter les ententes secrètes. L’amélioration de la compétitivité qui passe par l’achèvement de la réforme des structures industrielles héritées, nécessite la résolution des problèmes de financement et de gouvernement d’entreprise. A cet égard, la politique de la concurrence jouera un rôle modeste.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v4-art1-fr
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  • 27
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    Review of Competition Law and Policy in the Czech Republic (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 7-58
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence en République tchèque
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 7-58
    Keywords: Governance ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The Czech Republic competition law is based on familiar European substantive concepts. Features that were appropriate for a transition setting are being revised in anticipation of EU accession. The enforcement body was at one time a separate Ministry; now, the Czech Office for the Protection of Economic Competition is an independent agency. Provisions for exemption are well controlled, and the processes for applying it are working well; however, stronger enforcement powers may be needed to deal with secret cartels. The major challenge of improving competitiveness by completing the reform of the inherited industrial structure requires solving problems of corporate governance and financing. The role of competition policy in that task will be modest.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v4-art1-en
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