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  • Edward Elgar Publishing  (1,502)
  • World Bank Group  (108)
  • Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques
  • Electronic books  (1,504)
  • Health, Nutrition and Population
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Health Insurance ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; KIRIBATI ; PHP ; PHPCPI ; Vital Signs Profile
    Abstract: The assessment of Kiribati's primary health care (PHC) system, carried out by the World Bank in collaboration with the Government of Kiribati under the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI), marks a unique opportunity to identify the system's strengths and gaps and to catalyze further improvements. The PHCPI tools, including the Vital Signs Profile (VSP) methodology, provide important insights into the country's PHC system and generate actionable policy recommendations for improvement
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Access and Coverage ; Equity ; Financing ; Health Insurance ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; PHCPI Framework ; PHP ; Quality
    Abstract: This report presents the findings of the primary health care (PHC) system in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), an assessment that the World Bank conducted in consultation with the Ministry of Health and Human Services (MHHS) of the government of RMI. The assessment provides an opportunity to understand the performance of RMI's PHC system, highlighting important areas of strengths and opportunities to address ongoing challenges. The assessment uses the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) framework, which organizes various domains and subdomains of primary care using a logic model approach that encompasses the traditional inputs and outputs of a system, emphasizing service delivery and performance
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Health Economics and Finance ; Health Sector ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; International Financing ; Investments ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine has immense local impact and global consequences. Ukraine is experiencing huge human and economic suffering, which will have long-lasting effects. This war has been particularly devastating for the Ukrainian health sector, tremendously increasing the urgent need for specific services and simultaneously obstructing health outcomes and access to health care due to hostilities, disruption of service delivery, and damage and destruction of health facilities. Moreover, the recovery of Ukraine is shrouded in uncertainty as the duration of the ongoing war and the frequency and localization of the attacks are unknown, all occurring against the backdrop of economic challenges within the country and at a global scale. Despite an expected international effort to finance the recovery of Ukraine akin to the Marshall Plan, financial resources may not be easily available or may become more scarce and more expensive. Investments will receive more scrutiny, and competition for funds will increase due to monetary tightening, rising interest rates, and possibly sustained high inflation (International Monetary Fund 2022). However, in the short to medium term, Ukraine is expected to have favorable access to international financing on concessional terms. While Ukraine is struggling with the gruesome immediate impact of the war and a fight for survival, the shared understanding emerges that going back to business as usual will neither be possible nor desirable. This moment may also serve as a window of opportunity for rapid reform and innovation of health service delivery in Ukraine. Improving and reconstructing services while restoring and stabilizing them is critical to aiding a suffering population and to laying strong foundations of governance that will have lasting impacts into the country's future. This document provides a proposal for stakeholdersin the Ukrainian health sector on how service delivery may need to change, how to deal with this change, and how the health sector may come out stronger in the longer term. It focuses on the organization of health care service delivery and shares considerations of how it may develop using a long-term (10+ years) perspective
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Agriculture ; Climate Change Impact ; Covid-19 Impact ; Education ; Food Security ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital Accumulation and Utilization ; Inclusive Development ; Long-Term Economic Growth ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This report is undertaken as a part of the Human Capital Project (HCP), a globalinitiative of the World Bank Group that aims to increase governments' awarenessof the importance of investing in people (World Bank date of publication not identifiedb). One of the maincomponents of the HCP is a cross-country metric--the Human Capital Index (HCI). The HCI estimates the amount of human capital a child born today can expect to accumulate by the age of 18, thus highlighting how current health and education outcomes shape the work productivity of the next generation. Moreover, given the cumulative nature of human capital, the HCI has clear milestones across the entire human life cycle: at birth, children need to survive; during childhood, they need to be well-nourished; at school age, they must complete all schooling and active adequate learning levels; and in adulthood, they need to stay in good health. Finally, the HCI includes a result: a score that ranges from 0 to 1. A country where an average child has virtually no risk of being stunted or dying before age five, receives high-quality education, and becomes a healthy adult, would have an HCI close to 1. Conversely, when the risk of being ill-nourished or prematurely dying is high, access to education is limited, and the quality of learning is low, the HCI would approach zero
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Governance ; Health Insurance ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; PHC ; Primary Health Care Performance ; Vital Signs Profile
    Abstract: This report presents the findings of the Vital Signs Profile (VSP) assessment conducted by the World Bank and the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) in collaboration with Fiji's Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS). The VSP provides an opportunity to assess the state of the primary health care (PHC) system in Fiji, highlighting areas of strength and challenges through the lens of the PHCPI framework. The framework organizes various domains and subdomains of primary health care using a logic model approach that encompasses the traditional inputs and outputs of PHC systems and emphasizes the capacity and processes of PHC service delivery and performance. Notably, while PHCPI recognizes the role of social determinants of health and intersectoral health promotion and prevention efforts as important factors influencing population health, the VSP is primarily focused on aspects of health service delivery. Fiji is one of four Pacific countries - alongside Kiribati, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Solomon Islands that have, with support of the World Bank, used PHCPI tools to take stock of current performance, safeguard what works well, and lay out a vision for areas requiring improvement
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Demographics ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Fetal and Maternal Health ; Food and Nutrition Policy ; Gender ; Gender and Poverty ; Government Financing ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Mortality ; Nutrition Services ; Pregnancy ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This Human Capital Review (HCR) report presents an in-depth analysis of human capital indicators throughout a person's lifetime, from in utero to productive aging. By examining the various stages of human capital accumulation, the report aims to provide accurate recommendations for specific groups in Sierra Leone. Thus, the report disaggregates data whenever possible. It relies on an extensive consultative process involving various stakeholders such as Government counterparts, development partners, teachers, adolescent girls, students, private sector representatives, and local representatives. The consultation process followed a Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) approach, which facilitates the identification and resolution of problems by local leadership. In addition, this report aims to inform the design and implementation of human capital reforms that will respond to specific challenges identified in the report
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: CHVA ; Climate and Health ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change and Health ; Climate Change Impacts ; Environment ; Health Risks ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Vulnerability
    Abstract: The objective of this Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment (CHVA) is to assist decision-makers in Colombia with planning effective adaptation measures to deal with climate-related health risks. This assessment includes sub-national considerations for health-related climate action (see Annex A for the methodology). Sub-national considerations are given for Colombia's 32 departments (see Figure 1). It also incorporates data from a Climate and Health Economic Valuation conducted by the World Bank to estimate of the potential economic costs of health impacts arising from projected changes in temperature and precipitation (see Annex B for the methodology). The findings from this CHVA are organized under four sections. Section I characterizes the climatology in Colombia, highlighting observed and projected climate exposures relevant to health. Section II describes key climate-related risks to health, including nutrition and food security, vector-borne diseases (VDBs), water-borne diseases, increasing temperatures, air quality, and zoonotic diseases. Section III analyzes the adaptive capacity and readiness of Colombia's health system to prevent and manage climate-related health risks. Recommendations are discussed in Section IV
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Demographics ; Family Planning Research ; Female Education ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; High Fertility Rates ; High Population Growth ; Human Capital ; Mortality ; Population Policies ; Women's Agency
    Abstract: Tanzania has managed to sustain its growth momentum despite the intensifying effects of climate change. While Tanzania's economy continues to expand, recent growth has been concentrated in sectors that employ few workers from poor households, limiting its impact on poverty. The Bank of Tanzania (BoT) has implemented an effective monetary policy designed to curb inflation and alleviate mounting short-term demand pressure on foreign exchange. While Tanzania's recovery continues to accelerate, several serious threats cloud its economic outlook. Key risks include the slow or incomplete implementation of structural reforms, the damaging effects of climate change on the agriculture and tourism sectors, and the possibility of a global recession caused by fiscal and monetary policy tightening in advanced economies and major EMDEs. To mitigate these risks, policymakers must accelerate structural reforms as part of a sustained effort to attract greater private investment and spur resilient and inclusive private-sector-led growth. Over the longer term, one of the country's key challenges will be to complete its structural economic transformation, which will require creating a more favorable business climate to support the growth of the industrial and services sectors while boosting agricultural productivity. Another key long-term growth challenge will be achieving more balanced and inclusive growth
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Financial Protection ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; SDI ; Service Quality ; Systems and Tools ; Workforce
    Abstract: The Service Delivery Indicators (SDI) health survey in Moldova serves as a vital tool for assessing and benchmarking the performance of health service delivery. Its primary aim is to evaluate the quality of basic health services. This comprehensive evaluation enables both governments and service providers to pinpoint deficiencies and bottlenecks in health service delivery, monitor progress over time, and make cross-country comparisons. The widespread availability of and public awareness about SDI indicators foster engagement among policy makers, citizens, service providers, donors, and stakeholders, in turn driving efforts to enhance service quality and ultimately development outcomes
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Disease Control and Prevention ; Financing ; Global Activity ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; PPR ; Preparedness ; Prevention
    Abstract: This paper has outlined an ambitious agenda for the WBG to support PPR enhancement at country, regional, and global levels as part of a broader approach to strengthen health systems. It is an agenda that not only seeks to deliver on the Bank's IDA commitments related to disease outbreaks and crisis response but also to respond to demands from all our shareholders, clients, and other stakeholders for the Bank to play a key role in strengthening PPR capacities at country and regional levels through a wider health system strengthening agenda. Policy commitments from IDA's Human capital special themes support the building of resilient health systems that can provide core essential health services and have the capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to disease outbreaks and other health emergencies an approach that will ensure sustainability, efficiency, and effectiveness. The paper has highlighted that PPR is an inherently multisectoral agenda. Further, the paper has argued that there are large financing gaps to fill, particularly in LICs and MICs. Looking forward, the WBG will support strengthening of PPR through actions in three interconnected domains: 1) financing; 2) global engagements and partnerships; and 3) analytics, evidence, and dialogue
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Impact ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; NCDS ; Noncommunicable Diseases
    Abstract: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) hamper the development of human capital for current and future generations. NCDs are chronic conditions that are often untreatable and require close monitoring to control the progression of the disease. They account for 70 percent of all deaths worldwide and directly affect countries' economies, as every 10 percent increase in mortality due to NCDs reduces economic growth by 0.5 percent. NCDs have a direct and indirect impact that threatens the human capital of current and future generations
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Health Economics and Finance ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; National Health Systems ; Resilience ; South Caucasus
    Abstract: This report looks at resilience through national health system lenses and provides lessons to strengthen health systems for future shocks. The findings are based on case studies from five countries in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine), as well as focus group discussions with the population and health care workers in Georgia, Armenia, and Moldova. The following section provides the definition and examples of health system resilience. This is followed by descriptions of the baseline characteristics of the five Eastern European and South Caucasus countries' health systems pre-pandemic performance, which determined most of their capacity and decisions to deal with the shock. The rest of this report reviews key baseline characteristics of the health systems in the countries, which are followed by lessons from the countries' responses to the pandemic (a summary of each country case study is provided in Annex A). The report concludes with recommendations for building the strong and resilient health systems needed to protect human capital through shocks and crises
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Country Population Profiles ; Demographics ; Evaluation ; Financing ; Health Indicators ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Healthy Aging ; Innovation ; Older Adult Care ; Older Adults ; Regulation
    Abstract: Bangladesh is home to one of the largest populations of older adults in the world. Driven by increasing life expectancy at birth, this population is increasing. By 2040,one in five Bangladeshis will be 60 years old or older. The increase in lifespan isaccompanied by a greater burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), whichaccount for 70 percent of all deaths in the country. These chronic conditions tend toaffect older adults, leading to an increased demand for health care services by thisgroup. NCDs are also expensive to treat, placing financial hardship on families in low resource settings. While the Government of Bangladesh has committed to providing many of the basic rights of older adults, the health care needs of older adults remain unmet. A lack of adequate funding and services point to a need for a health care system that caters to the specific needs of older adults, such as long-term care and consolidation of care. Other supportive structures also appear to be missing, such as a health insurance fund that covers common chronic conditions faced by older adults, which would remove barriers to accessing health care. A bill proposing a pension scheme is currently undergoing approval in Bangladesh's legislative system. The primary health care (PHC) system, too, is geared toward the treatment of acuteillnesses rather than providing older Bangladeshis with integrated, long-term, people centered care. This study aimed to better understand the current capacity of PHC inBangladesh to provide care oriented towards older persons. The authors carried outa desk review of global and Bangladeshi literature on aging populations, followed bystakeholder consultations and key informant interviews with government officials, health professionals, and developmental organizations. Field visits to PHC facilitieswere also carried out to assess whether they met the internationally accepted criteriafor age-friendly infrastructure. The data were compiled and analyzed according to the FIRE framework (Financing, Innovation, Regulation, Evaluation) for older adult care. Despite the large burden of NCDs, only USD0.82 is spent per capita on NCD control, much lower than the USD1.50 recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO). Increasing spending on NCD management can help alleviate the financial pressure on households to care for older adults
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2193
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food and Nutrition Policy ; Food Security ; Food Systems ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Stability ; Value Chains
    Abstract: Sierra Leone's economy experienced overlapping setbacks during 2022, as external spillovers from the Russian invasion of Ukraine aggravated domestic macroeconomic vulnerabilities. This led to high levels of inflation, a substantially weaker currency, greater imbalances in public finances, and lower foreign exchange reserves. GDP growth slowed in 2022 (from 4.1 percent in 2021 to 3.5 percent) bringing the average GDP growth since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to only around half of the pre-pandemic trend. High global energy and fertilizer prices coupled with a weaker currency translated into accelerating inflation which rose from 12percent in 2021 to 27 percent in 2022, and further to over 50 percent by August 2023, threatening the welfare of households and worsening food insecurity and poverty
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2209
    Keywords: Adolescent Well-Beng ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Drop-Out Rate Reduction ; Economic Growth ; Education ; Energy and Environment ; Financial Sector and Social Assistance ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gendered Adolescent Health Trends ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Secondary Education ; Water Resources Management ; Youth Health ; Youth Well-Being
    Abstract: This report focuses on the trends of adolescent and youth well-being in Tanzania, identifying how and why well-being has or has not changed over time. The report conceptualizes well-being holistically. Well-being can be defined as one's ability and opportunity to learn, make decisions, live a healthy life (physically and mentally), be well-nourished, express agency, have peace of mind, and ultimately be economically empowered. Well-being can be accumulated over time and is a composite of multiple aspects that affect the life one lives and the quality of that life. In many ways, how to live a good life and whether one is living this good life has been a key question asked across countries, and there are multiple frameworks that have been used to measure well-being. For the purposes of this study, six domains of well-being are recognized: (1) education and learning, (2) bodily integrity, (3) health, (4) psychological well-being (peace), (5) voice and agency, and (6) economic empowerment and skills. These domains are interconnected, and, also considered is the idea of peace of mind, without which, there is no wellness
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; GCC ; Gulf Cooperation Council ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; NCDS ; Non-Communicable Diseases
    Abstract: The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies performed strongly in 2022. Amidst a year of economic uncertainty marked by inflation, geopolitical crises, and supply chain insecurity, the GCC region registered remarkable GDP growth of 7.3 percent in 2022. Progress made on structural reforms are bearing fruits on the economy. Despite the uptick, inflation remains relatively muted in comparison to other high-income countries. Looking ahead, the GCC region is projected to grow at a slower pace. The main contributors to this growth are private consumption, fixed investments, and government expenditures through looser fiscal policy in response to high oil revenues. However, downside risks to the outlook are numerous. Special Focus: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) pose a major health burden to the population and governments of the GCC. NCDs are also a growing concern from an economic perspective. To mitigate the health and economic burden of NCDs, the region needs to scale up efforts to target the behavioral and environmental risk factors of NCDs. Effectively addressing NCDs requires a whole-of-government approach, and the effective implementation and monitoring of targeted, evidence-based solutions. Addressing the risk factors of NCDs requires an increased strategic focus on prevention over treatment, targeting of the young and adolescents, and the development and implementation of evidence-informed, cost effective, high impact interventions. Governance structures that can effectively mobilize, incentivize, and hold accountable the many non-health sectors in the implementation and monitoring of cost-effective interventions are critical
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2109
    Keywords: Education ; Education Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; HRM ; Human Development ; Macro Fiscal Context ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Expenditure ; Sustainability
    Abstract: This is an overview of the CAR Human Development (HD) Public Expenditure Review (PER). This overview provides an analytical basis to decision-makers and stakeholders for the formulation of ambitious yet fiscally responsible interventions to improve human capital outcomes in CAR. The PER examines public expenditure trends of the education, health, and social protection (SP) sectors with a focus on adequacy, efficiency, and equity of expenditures as well as human resource management (HRM). The primary objective is to provide analytical insights for government policy development and prioritization strategy as it seeks to achieve a resilient recovery and rebuild its education and health sectors and establish a strong SP system which will help the poorest households invest and protect their own human capital. The PER can also serve as a useful source of knowledge and information to development partners seeking to deepen the impact of their support to the human capital development sectors. The recommendations put forth by the PER are those identified as fiscally sustainable and most important for rebuilding and strengthening human capital development sectors, including a focus on future human resource (HR) recruitment needed in the education and health sectors
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2196
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; Health Insurance ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Pandemic ; Primary Health Care ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: While the incidence of COVID-19 in Belize has subsided, the lasting health and economic impacts caused by the pandemic have demonstrated the need to build a resilient health system. The most recent figures from the Statistical institute of Belize confirm that there have been over 60,000 cases and 678 deaths due to COVID-19. Additionally, a rapid phone survey of over 2,000 households, conducted between December 2021 and January 2023, found that 20.6 percent and 26.8 percent of respondents reported losing their job permanently or temporarily, respectively, and an additional 64 percent of respondents reported a reduction in their income during pandemic. Ensuring the health system remains resilient to shocks is critical, especially given the pandemic's impacts on heath and the economy
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2196
    Keywords: Employment and Unemployment ; Governance ; Health Insurance ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; RIPSS ; Service Delivery ; T2D ; Universal Health Insurance
    Abstract: The aim of this report is to document the fidelity of the implementation of the RIPSS in the Huetar-Atlantica Region in Costa Rica. Implementation fidelity seeks to assess the extent to which an intervention is implemented as planned and, for this, the PIPs were contrasted with what was implemented in practice. The assessment identified the following: (i) gaps in the implementation that require subsequent actions, and (ii) the core elements for the sustainability and scale-up of the RIPSS
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2209
    Keywords: Access To Healthcare ; Adolescent Health ; Climate Change and Health ; Female Sexual Health ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Gender-Based Violence ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Maternal and Girls Health ; Reproductive Health ; Violence Against Women and Girls ; Vulnerable Populations
    Abstract: This thematic note is part of a broader mixed-method study on gender inequalities in Madagascar, which intends to illustrate the key gender gaps in the country and shed light on the unique challenges that young Malagasy women face in their educational, professional, and family trajectories. Due to the persistence of financial, social, and institutional barriers, Malagasy women and girls encounter significant disadvantages across all dimensions of well-being and are unable to access opportunities in an equal manner with men and boys in the country. They are largely constrained in their ability to accumulate human capital in education and health, and to participate in economic opportunities; and they face severe limitations in agency and decision-making, particularly with respect to family formation. Women and girls also appear to be disproportionally affected by the impacts of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, which further widen preexisting gender gaps and amplify vulnerability to poverty, violence, and discrimination. This thematic note provides in-depth insights into the status of women's and girls' maternal, sexual and reproductive health in Madagascar and proposes several strategic lines of action to improve access to professional health care by Malagasy women and girls and prevent teenage pregnancy. This note is accompanied by the overview of all study findings and three thematic notes that present in-depth insights in the following key dimensions: education, economic opportunities, and agency
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Financial Viability ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immunizations ; Investments ; Vaccine Security ; Value Chain
    Abstract: This regional analytical activity will contribute to knowledge on the technical, operational, and financial viability and strategic partnership required among ASEAN countries to strengthen coordinated investments on the vaccine value chain. The ASA has three major activities: i) A deep-dive public sector technical assessment of country and regional level vaccine security, including gaps and opportunities across the value chain from RandD to last mile distribution; ii) A private sector value chain analysis covering upstream and downstream aspects of vaccine manufacturing; and iii) An economic analysis examining the feasibility of coordinated investments across countries to leverage comparative advantage in specific aspects of the vaccine value chain
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2209
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Armed Conflict ; Children and Education ; Civil War ; Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; Displacement ; Food Security ; Food Unaffordability ; Health and Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Humanitarian Response ; Limited Health Care ; Living Costs ; Living Standards ; Poverty Reduction ; Reduced Food Intake ; Repeated Shocks
    Abstract: This report highlights respondents' lived experiences during Yemen's conflict as experts of their own experiences. This report aims to present the voices of Yemenis who have now spent eight years living through a civil war, economic crisis, and close to famine. This report is among the few authentically capturing Yemeni voices on a range of day-to-day issues from different governorates across the country. But arguably the small sample size limits ability to generalize findings. However, generalizing findings was not the intention of the report. For each theme, 'Voices from Yemen' presents a multi-stakeholder perspective to mitigate bias towards a single stakeholder group or geographical area. Moreover, the report's findings are in line with those in quantitative reports, such as 'Surviving in the Times of War' or the 'World Bank Phone Survey' report on food security. 'Voices from Yemen' presents a comprehensive picture of suffering derived from human stories behind the statistics. The conflict has made Yemeni lives unaffordable, uncertain, vulnerable, and often unbearable. The power of people's speech and the intensity of their stories narrate their grave vulnerabilities and the sense of helplessness and suffering the conflict has caused
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2196
    Keywords: Capacity ; Equity ; Governance Indicators ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Information Technology ; Performance ; PHC ; PHCPI Framework
    Abstract: This report presents the findings of the primary health care (PHC) system assessment in the Republic of Moldova undertaken by the World Bank in collaboration with the Moldovan government and under the leadership of the Ministry of Health (MoH). It highlights existing strengths, identifies areas in need of improvement, and suggests strategies for system strengthening
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2199
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) ; Central Asia ; Covid-19 ; Ecosystem Transformations ; Education Reform and Management ; Food Safety ; Food Systems Resilience ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; ICT Applications ; International Economics and Trade ; Livestock ; One Health Approach ; Regional Cooperation
    Abstract: Central Asia has made much progress in public health and animal health in the last 20 years but was as unprepared as other regions in the world to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The region also faces challenges from other emerging diseases, re-emerging diseases, and climate change. Since 2020, the Central Asian regional economies, as the rest of the world, have faced two shocks - the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. Animal diseases do not respect borders and remain a public health concern because of the possible transmission of pathogens to humans. They can spread quickly from one country to another, with impact on animal health, trade, food security, food safety and possibly creating public health emergencies. One Health is an approach that allows for addressing human, animal, and ecosystem health issues through intersectoral action, to prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from infectious diseases, with an endpoint of improving global health security and achieving gains in development. The World Bank has been actively engaged in Central Asia for over two decades and is well-placed to act as a convener able to provide regional program-design expertise and implementation support for a One Health program. The findings of this report will support the preparation of the Central Asia One Health Framework for Action by providing recommendations for activities which can be further supported through public spending, private investments, and other financial resources
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Capacity ; Effective Response ; Health Emergencies ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Preparedness
    Abstract: La reciente crisis ha evidenciado la necesidad que tienen los paises de identificar capacidades y brechas existentes para asegurar que sus sistemas de salud esten preparados para soportar el estres causado por una emergencia sanitaria, que pueden ser extensas y de gravedad, y que ademas amenazan la prestacion rutinaria de servicios esenciales de salud. En ese sentido, el fortalecimiento de muchas de las areas del sistema de salud tambien contribuye a fortalecer la seguridad sanitaria y viceversa, el fortalecimiento de las capacidades de preparacion y respuesta ante emergencias en muchos sentidos fortalece el sistema de salud en general. Existe una superposicion entre esfuerzos para fortalecer los sistemas de salud para que sean confiables y sostenibles y fortalecer la seguridad sanitaria. Por ello, es importante identificar y promover aquellas inversiones que fortalecen las capacidades de preparacion y respuesta ante emergencias sanitarias y que a su vez contribuyan a fortalecer el desempeno del sistema de salud y lo haga mas resiliente
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Consistency ; Equity ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Regulation and Supervision ; Health Financing ; Health Insurance ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Impartiality ; UHC ; Universal Health Coverage
    Abstract: The report offers decision support on fair processes for policy choices relating to health financing for universal health coverage (UHC). It opens by making the case for why fair processes matter for health financing. It argues that procedural fairness contributes to fairer outcomes, strengthens the legitimacy of decision processes, builds trust in authorities, and promotes the sustainability of reforms on the path to UHC. The report then describes key health financing decisions with an impact on equity in service coverage and financial protection, where issues of procedural fairness are particularly important. Next, it offers principles and criteria for designing and assessing the processes around these health financing decisions and provides suggestions for how to make them fairer. Finally, the report examines country experiences with diverse instruments that can be used to operationalize principles and criteria for fair processes in health financing decision-making
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2203
    Keywords: Climate ; Health Taxes ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Budget ; Infectious Diseases ; UHC ; Universal Health Coverage
    Abstract: Leaving no one behind is a central promise of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which recognizes health as a fundamental human right. Achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is key to delivering on this promise. UHC ensures that everyone receives good quality health services, when and where needed, without incurring financial hardship arising from payments made for those services. The 2023 Universal Health Coverage Global Monitoring Report presents an alarming picture of stagnating access to essential health services and increased financial hardship from out-of-pocket health payments affecting especially the poorest and most vulnerable people. Globally, about 4.5 billion people, more than half of the world population, lack full access to essential health services. Since 2015, health service coverage has stagnated after a dynamic increase in previous years, indicating that urgent action is required by governments to ensure people can access health services. Past progress in service coverage was largely driven by improved access to infectious disease services, but since 2015 there has been minimal to no expansion of health service coverage related to infectious and noncommunicable diseases or for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health services. Financial hardship due to out-of-pocket health spending continues to worsen and undermine efforts to eradicate poverty globally. The number of people incurring catastrophic out-of-pocket health spending (more than 10% of their household budget) increased to more than 1 billion people in 2019, or almost 14% of the global population. About 1.3 billion people (almost 17% of the global population) were pushed or further pushed into poverty by out-of-pocket health spending. This includes 344 million people living in extreme poverty. Out-of-pocket health payments reduce the ability of households to afford other essential goods and services and negatively affect a family's consumption levels. Health costs also cause individuals to forgo essential care, which can lead to more severe illnesses or even death. Reaching the goal of UHC by 2030 requires substantial public sector investment and accelerated action by governments and development partners, building on solid evidence. This includes strengthening health systems based on a primary health care approach and advancing equity in both the delivery of essential health services and financial protection. Achieving UHC also requires modern, fit-for-purpose health information systems that provide timely and reliable data to inform policy design. Such shifts are essential following the pandemic's impact on health systems and health workers and in view of deepening macroeconomic, climate, demographic, and political trends which threaten to reverse hard-won health gains around the world
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2203
    Keywords: Disease Control and Prevention ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; NCDs ; Non-Communicable Diseases ; Prevention and Control ; Primary Health Care
    Abstract: This report aims to assess the current role and scope of private health care provision for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Republika Srpska and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of BiH). Over the last decade, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in the Republika Srpska and the Federal Ministry of Health have implemented municipal initiatives to reduce NCD risk factor exposure and formulate an action plan for NCD control. These efforts have been supported by development partners, including the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The assessment recommends actions that the health authorities in Republika Srpska and the Federation of BiH can take to better engage private providers in tackling NCDs. In mixed health systems, improving NCD prevention and control requires effective partnerships between the public and private sector and establishing an effective regulatory and financialcontext to contribute to progress towards Universal Health Coverage
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Climate-Smart Agriculture ; Education ; Education Finance ; Energy Resources Development ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Systems ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inclusion ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; NEDI ; Off-Grid Solar Access ; Transport and Trade ; Water and Sanitation
    Abstract: Kenya's north and northeastern region is a host to 11 percent of the total population scattered across 63 percent of the country's landmass. The arid and semi-arid region experiences recurrent droughts that create vulnerabilities for the nomadic pastoralist communities, pervasive insecurity, suffers fragility, and has been a host to the largest population of refugees in sub-Saharan Africa over the last three decades. These policy choices contributed to the significant lag in most of the development indicators for this region compared to the rest of the country. The region has huge infrastructure deficits, low literacy rates, and contributes only a modest 4.7 percent to the national gross domestic product. To address the socio-economic disparities and inequality challenges, the Government of Kenya with support from World Bank (WB) launched the North and Northeastern Development Initiative (NEDI) in 2018. The NEDI, the region's first significant, integrated, and transformative investment, cuts across foundational sectors including energy, water, transport, social protection, displacement, and agriculture
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2209
    Keywords: Access To Labor Market ; Accessibility ; Climate Change ; Disability Inclusion ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Stabilization ; Environment ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inclusive Disaster Management ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The impacts of climate change will be unevenly felt within and across countries partly due to social and economic inequalities. Persons with disabilities represent 16 percent of the global population and face widespread forms of social and economic marginalization yet have received little attention in prior studies of climate change and social inequality. The mortality rate of persons with disabilities in natural disasters is "up to four times higher than people without disabilities" (Stein and Stein 2021). How do the fast-moving shocks, flooding, drought, heatwaves and slower-moving social and economic effects of climate change impact persons with disabilities How can climate change adaptation efforts be disability inclusive This study examines these questions through original fieldwork and qualitative interviews conducted in Uzbekistan. In November 2022, the authors interviewed persons with disabilities in three regions of the country. The resulting qualitative data afford key insights into how climate change and disability status interact to generate distinct vulnerabilities. Within the nascent field of climate change and disability studies, this report represents one of the first fieldwork-based accounts of how climate change presents heightened risks to persons with disabilities in a developing country context
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2203
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Environment ; Health ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Human Rights ; Threat Mitigation
    Abstract: Climate change has been called the most important threat to human health in the 21st century. It is estimated that if thetemperature rises and its impact on the other climatic variablescontinues unchanged, it will kill more than 83 million people (1 percent of the world's population) in the next 80 years (Wattset al. 2020)-13 times the toll of the COVID-19 pandemic (WorldHealth Organization 2023). Historically, only pandemics or worldwars have posed such threats to human health. As a result, the issue has aroused unprecedented attention. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared climate changethe greatest health threat facing humanity (WHO 2021). Now, more than 195 governments have included climate change mitigation and adaptation as pillars in their multi-year plans, and government health sectors have been developing plans tomeasure and respond to the impact of climate change on health. However, recognition of the links between climate change and health remains nascent, so these efforts have not yet been accompanied by strategic and actionable approaches to measure the impacts and ground the responses. This report contributes to addressing that gap by providing a framework for understandingthe impact of climate change on human health in Colombia and by outlining the most effective actions to mitigate the threat
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2196
    Keywords: Health Insurance ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Medicines and Supplies ; NCD ; PHC ; Quality Of Care
    Abstract: The results of the assessment point to four policy recommendations to address challenges related to governance, availability of medicines and supplies, comprehensiveness of services, and ability to deliver adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) services and promote universal and effective PHC coverage in The Gambia: 1. Establish a PHC-specific policy focused on improving coordination across governmental and non-governmental actors, quality of care, and monitoring and evaluation. 2. Increase the availability of medicines and supplies by leveraging. existing purchasing mechanisms and strengthening supply chain management.3. Implement a people-centered model of PHC focused on delivering comprehensive infectious and NCD services. 4. Increase capacity for adolescent sexual and reproductive health service delivery
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2193
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Racing against time
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Kreditmarkt ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; CBRs ; Economic Development ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Palestinian Economy ; West Bank and Gaza
    Abstract: Operating in environments marked by fragility, conflict, and violence poses complex and distinct challenges, and the Palestinian case is no different. A significant body of literature has emphasized the specific bottlenecks that exist, ranging from - in the first place - the movement, access, trade, and investment restrictions imposed by the Government of Israel (GoI) on the West Bank, and the near-blockade of Gaza, the noncontiguous geography of the territories, to the program advanced by the Palestinian Authority on structural reforms lacking momentum, and increasing penury of foreign aid. Numerous analytical and policy papers - spanning at least three decades, since the establishment of the AHLC forum - have emphasized the severity of the challenges at hand and the imperative of fostering cooperation among all parties. Despite relative clarity on the objectives, progress on the implementation of priorities has been modest, resulting in increased complexity and urgency at the present day. At the behest of the AHLC, this report aims to guide the renewed efforts of the PA and the GoI, the global community, and - more broadly - all relevant policymakers and stakeholders, as they lay the groundwork for sustainable growth and shared prosperity in the Palestinian territories and the wider region. In line with the above, the findings of this report are unsurprising. Unlocking the economic potential of the West Bank and Gaza requires urgent action, in order to spur per capita growth beyond near-stagnation levels, as well as to put the fiscal situation on a sounder footing. The removal, or at least a significant reduction, of restrictions by Israel is a vital prerequisite. Simultaneously, steadfast commitment by the PA to the implementation of a comprehensive reform agenda will be paramount to bolster both recovery and resilience, along with reinforcing institutional governance. In addition, as this report indicates, addressing shortfalls in the health sector will be pivotal to improve the efficiency of public spending, safeguarding human capital, improving service delivery, and revitalizing economic opportunities in a context marked by decades of fragility. While underscoring the burning pressure of these challenges, the World Bank remains fully committed to continuing its close technical collaboration with the PA, the GoI, and all relevant development partners, to help forging a path towards stability, security, economic progress and prosperity, and to contribute to the collective aspiration for a brighter future
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Digital Divide ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Financial Sector ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policy
    Abstract: Myanmar's economy continues to be severely tested by the ongoing impacts of the military coup and the surge in COVID-19 cases in 2021. While some real-time indicators have improved in recent months, they remain consistent with a much lower level of economic activity than prior to the February coup. Reported COVID-19 cases have fallen to low levels (and few reported cases of the Omicron variant as of early January 2022), while real time indicators of mobility, manufacturing activity, and exports are showing signs of recovering. On the other hand, indicators of conflict suggest that the security environment has deteriorated in many parts of Myanmar, including in states and regions which have historically been relatively peaceful. This has affected businesses' operations, logistics, confidence, and appetite to invest. After the sharp decline in incomes and employment observed across the economy, available indicators suggest domestic demand remains very weak. At the same time, supply-side constraints persist and some have worsened in recent months. Access to kyat liquidity, credit, and foreign currency remains severely constrained. A sharp exchange rate depreciation in September 2021 has raised import prices across the economy, including of fuel and other critical inputs to production, increasing transport costs. Electricity outages are a growing concern and internet disruptions continue to reduce the reliability of firms' and households' connectivity and ability to access information and connect with markets (see Part III: Digital Disruptions and Economic Impacts)
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Keywords: Health and Sanitation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Poverty Reduction ; Risk Management ; Social Development ; Urban Housing and Land Settlements
    Abstract: Resilient Housing (RH) initiatives are a crucial means of improving access to safe and sanitary housing in urban areas of high vulnerability. These projects make residents safer, healthier, and more secure, and increase the economic inclusion of the world's poorest populations. They upgrade homes, improve neighborhoods, and change lives. Like all investment projects, RH initiatives carry with them some risks and may impact the lives of community members in the project area. The note briefly introduces RH initiatives, describes their unique approach to project design, and touches on the possible risks occasioned by RH projects. It then explores the many ways in which RH initiatives closely align with the objectives and technical requirements embedded in the World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework (ESF), which went into effect on October 1, 2018. The ESF lays out a comprehensive approach to identifying and managing environmental and social risks and minimizing potential impacts. The goals and requirements of RH initiatives and the ESF complement one another, and this note will describe how this mutually supportive relationship creates desirable outcomes that achieve the objectives of both, despite occasional trade-offs. Using recent operational experience as a guide to best practices, the note's final section provides recommendations for Task Team Leaders responsible for managing RH projects on how to apply the ESF to their projects to minimize risk and maximize project impact
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population
    Abstract: Kenya has experienced sustained economic growth over the past few years. The country's gross domestic product (GDP) has grown at an average annual rate of 5.2 percent over the past 10 years (2007 to 2016). The rebasing of its national accounts in 2014 resulted in an upward revision of the country's GDP per capita and its re-classification as a lower middle-income country (LMIC). Kenya's economic prospects mean that the country is surpassing critical income eligibility thresholds for international financing and is bound to experience reduced international financing for its priority programs. This technical review analyzed the design and financing of five priority programs in Kenya (immunization, human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV and AIDS), tuberculosis, malaria and reproductive health) in relation to their sustainability as Kenya transitions from a donor dependent country, to one that predominantly finances health through domestic resources. The review forms the first phase of work, which involves conducting a detailed analytical assessment and synthesis of a wide range of studies to assess the financing and delivery of immunization and other priority programs in Kenya. The report will serve as a one-stop-shop for the government, partners, and other stakeholders interested in sustainable financing and integration of vertical programs in health service delivery. The second phase of the work will draw on findings and recommendations from the first phase to support the national and county governments to implement interventions that will improve Kenya's readiness to transition its priority health programs towards being sustainably financed
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Country Population Profiles ; Demographics ; Education ; Educational Populations ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Population and Development
    Abstract: How much talent is lost in Brazil because of unideal education and health conditions The Brazil Human Capital Review is part of the Human Capital Project, a global initiative of the World Bank Group that aims to raise attention on the importance of investing in people. Its focus relies on the conditions hindering children to flourish their potential labor productivity in Brazil. As a first step, this report proposes the Human Capital Index (HCI) to estimate the expected productivity of a child born today by the age of 18 when education and health conditions remain unaltered. Or simply, the HCI estimates the productivity level of the next generation of works. The results are alarming. How can Brazil recover from a decade lost in terms of human capital formation Mitigating the effects of the pandemic should be a priority. In the short-term, recommendations include: (a) adapt and strengthen policies already in place that have proven effects on human capital; (b) use the national conditional cash transfer program to support those more heavily affected by the pandemic; and (c) set as utmost priority a learning recovery and acceleration plan for the coming years
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Armed Conflict ; Communicable Diseases ; Conflict and Development ; COVID-19 ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Analysis ; Social Development
    Abstract: Global growth slowed markedly in H1 2022. This was due to COVID-19 resurgences at the turn of the year; protracted supply disruptions; reduced macroeconomic support; and substantial negative spillovers from the war in Ukraine. The conflict, which has sparked the largest commodity price shock in 50 years, has exacerbated the increasingly difficult policy tradeoffs between supporting growth and managing price pressures. It has contributed to tightening in global financial conditions, increased financial market volatility and higher borrowing costs, particularly in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs)
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Noncommunicable Diseases ; Nutrition ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Tobacco Use and Control
    Abstract: Major risk factors for NCDs in Samoa include poor nutrition, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity. Addressing all of these risk behaviors requires multisectoral, multilevel action, including efforts to change the currently unhealthy food environment. The food environment in Samoa is characterized by an excess of high fat, high salt, and calorie dense imported foods. These foods are a more affordable source of calories than fruits and vegetables, which is particularly problematic in a setting with widespread food insecurity (almost a quarter of households in Samoa experience some degree of food insecurity). Systems level approaches such as fiscal policy and legislative efforts have greater potential than individual level interventions to change the local food supply. This study aims to provide baseline data on consumption of food products subject to planned tax changes as well as to report on current tobacco and alcohol consumption. The findings are expected to serve as the basis for evaluation of the taxes to be implemented, with a post-tax survey well positioned to monitor the impact of taxes on consumer behavior, subject to the government's planned increase of excise taxes on selected unhealthy products in the future
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Hotspots ; Prevention
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis brought home the high costs of pandemics, triggering a historic setback in the fight against poverty. It also reinforced the interconnections between people, planet and economy, calling attention to the zoonotic nature of pathogens spilling over from animals to people. To decrease their burden, we must focus on prevention. The One Health approach proposes a way forward to reduce risk of spillover. Recognizing that the health and well-being of humans, animals, and their shared ecosystems are interdependent, One Health is designed as an integrated, practical, multisectoral framework for pandemic prevention. By stopping infectious diseases from spilling over to people and spreading to become pandemics, One Health provides a solid foundation for global health security and improved development outcomes at much lower societal and economic costs. This report aims to shed light on the benefits of prevention to serve as a wake-up call for policymakers and finance ministers alike. The report also outlines an investment framework and One Health architecture for zoonotic disease prevention. As you will read on these pages, compared to the sky-high cost of bringing pandemics under control, relatively modest investments in prevention will pay huge dividends
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Accommodation and Tourism Industry ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Environment ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Industry ; Tourism and Ecotourism
    Abstract: COVID-19 created a dynamic shock to the international tourism industry, with the related health concerns and travel restrictions impacting travelers' perceptions of risk. Among the most affected economies were Small Island Developing States (SIDS), which are highly dependent on tourism receipts, have small domestic tourism markets, and rely on international air connectivity. To better understand the impact of COVID-19 on tourists, and support destinations in their reopening processes, the World Bank undertook consumer market research on three key European outbound markets
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Air Pollution ; Air Quality and Clean Air ; Environment ; Green Issues ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Psychology ; Public Health Promotion ; Social Development ; Social Policy
    Abstract: In order to promote environmentally friendly behaviors, it is fundamental not only to consider and modify already existing infrastructure and facilities, or rethink physical prompts and cues in the environment, but also contemplate and target the cognitive traits inherent to any human being. Sustainable behaviors such as recycling, reusing, and composting are driven by different motivations and beliefs. In the past few decades, scholars have also devoted significant attention to identify and describe major socio-psychological and situational determinants of sustainable behaviors, such as age, gender, cultural background, attitudes, knowledge, motivation, social influence and others. In this report, the authors provide a description of how behavioral science was used to generate insights on factors that influence open burning in the population of Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). This report will walk the reader through the different phases of the behavioral method applied to open burning in Lao PDR. In the definition phase the behavior is outlined, and the social, psychological, and contextual factors that influence it are studied. In the second phase, an intervention based on the hypotheses is designed. Finally, the intervention is implemented and evaluated in order to adapt the solutions to the current reality of the population
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Data Collection ; Health Management Information System ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Roads and Highways ; Transport
    Abstract: This report provides insights into the current situation and overall burden of trauma and RTCs in Malawi, shares what we have learned about how to effectively run a digital trauma registry in a low-resource setting, and highlights lessons learned from the implementation of the EMS pilot
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Disease Control and Prevention ; Early Child and Children's Health ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Policy ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Public Health
    Abstract: The historical situation of instability in the West Bank (WB) and the Gaza Strip (GS) has multiple adverse impacts on the population. In this context, several assessments have documented a deterioration in the nutritional status of the population of the WB and GS including static or increasing prevalence of anemia, caused by iron deficiency, and other nutrition deficiencies. According to the most recent information available, anemia is a public health problem among pregnant and postnatal women, children aged 6-59 months, and adolescents. In these four groups, the prevalence of anemia is higher in the GS compared to the WB. The fact that children aged 6-59 months are affected by anemia makes it probable that children aged 0-5 months are also affected. However, this may not be reflected in the data because this age group is not normally sampled due to the procedure involved in taking a blood sample from babies. The flour fortification program aims to increase the intake of iron and other micronutrients for the whole population, by adding 10 micronutrients to wheat flour, including iron, vitamin A, and folic acid. This document provides recommendations to address demand-and-supply-side bottlenecks for wheat flour fortification and iron supplementation
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Health Economics and Finance ; Health Insurance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Vulnerable Groups
    Abstract: Ukraine's fight for its values and its future has become an inspiration to the democratic world. That fight comes at an unthinkable human cost, and it will likely only sharpen the expectations of a strong state capable of effectively serving its citizens, who are also taxpayers. A pressing problem to be addressed is the widespread, overwhelming, toxic informality of private financing for health care. For citizens who pay for care for an ill family member, often at the risk of becoming impoverished, the lack of accountability of service providers for results or quality is a grave injustice and a clear threat to social cohesion and economic confidence. This note discusses the idea of cost-sharing for publicly funded health care as Ukraine searches for a socially acceptable trade-off in the scale of public health care coverage. The note looks at possible risks to the population's health and financial protection as well as possible reasons that may be driving individual and government willingness to take these risks. It also provides numerical simulations to answer the practical question of how much revenue could be generated through co-payments, and poses a question of its own, as the Ukrainian saying goes: is the game worth the candles
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Health Economics and Finance ; Health Policy and Management ; Health Project Design and Implementation ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population
    Abstract: Pakistan along with all UN member states has been a signatory to the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005 which calls for countries to work together to prevent, detect, and respond to public health emergencies under the IHR (2005). The signatory countries have also agreed to work towards Universal Health Coverage and to build resilient health systems which can adapt and respond to the challenges posed by outbreaks and other health hazards and emergencies of national and international concern. The purpose and scope of the IHR (2005) are very broad. According to Article 2 of the IHR, the purpose and scope of the Regulations are "to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks, and which avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade." In 2021 with the promulgation of the National Institute for Health (NIH) Ordinance, the reorganization of the NIH to National Public Health Institutes was initiated with the core functions of disease surveillance and response, public health laboratories, and research. This meant that as per the JEE and NAPHS, which lay out the various functions of IHR-GHSA under the three pillars conceptual framework for Integrated Disease Surveillance (IDSR) that comprises Prevent-Detect-Respond capacities, the newly constituted NIH required an assessment of current and future health workforce capacities in the country The findings in the report are organized by the three pillars of IDSR:1) Prevent, 2) Detect, and 3) Respond. The gap analysis identified the number of additional health workforce needed in various categories. This review concluded that most of the departments in both animal and human health sectors had urgent requirements for filling existing sanctioned posts as well as for additional workforce. Engagement of the requisite workforce, also requires training needs to be met among the 13 areas of work
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Civil Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; COVID-19 ; Energy ; Food Security ; Health and Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immunizations ; Inflation ; Oil and Gas
    Abstract: Libya is struggling to cope with a trifecta of crises, including the civil conflict, the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and most recently, the impact of the Russia-Ukraine crisis. Notwithstanding the tempering of conflict intensity since 2021, the Libyan economy has been battered by the conflict. GDP per capita estimates in 2021 stood at about half of its value in 2010 before the start of the conflict. Since 2020, the population has been hit by multiple waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The health system, already affected by a decade of conflict, has struggled to deliver the necessary access and quality of care amid a raging pandemic. While Libya has reported a marked decline in COVID-19 cases and deaths since March 2022, the vaccination rate remains low. In addition, food insecurity has worsened, precipitated by the Russia-Ukraine crisis and the resulting shortages and price increases for staple foods in the domestic market
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases ; Country Population Profiles ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immunizations
    Abstract: While Iraq continues to experience a surge in the number of coronavirus cases, the proportion of the country's population that is vaccinated remains very low. For a more in-depth understanding of the state of vaccination in Iraq, this note presents findings on Coronavirus (Covid-19) vaccination disparities and hesitancy from the last three rounds of the Iraq High Frequency Phone Survey (IHFPS) conducted between June and August 2021. Findings from the survey suggest a low but increasing vaccination trend among adult Iraqis, however, resistance to the vaccine remain high. Fear and mistrust towards the Covid-19 vaccine risks to undermine the efficacy of the country's vaccination campaign. Low vaccination rate and the important disparities that have emerged in vaccination and vaccine hesitancy highlight the need for a robust and more inclusive vaccination campaign
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; Health Indicators ; Health Insurance ; Health Shocks ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Resources
    Abstract: As the world approaches the third anniversary of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the devastating health, economic, and societal impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic remain on every continent. COVID-19 underscored how unprepared we are for a public-health emergency of staggering proportions. And yet potentially graver health threats loom. The increasing number of acute infectious diseases combines with trends such as population aging, chronic-disease burdens, and climate change to raise the risk of syndemics-events in which two or more diseases adversely interact with each other and with political and economic conditions of inequality and poverty. The only way to prevent, prepare for, and manage these threats is by building resilient health systems to withstand shocks and improve health outcomes between crises. This report, which is filled with country examples of resilience, shows how strengthening resilience is within every country's reach, even those with low incomes. It describes the key features of resilient systems as integrated systems that are aware of threats; agile in response to evolving needs; absorptive of shocks; adaptive to minimize disruptions; and able to transform after crises, based on lessons learned. The report makes recommendations for countries to operationalize resilience based on a framework that prioritizes investments according to their impact. The most important investments center on risk reduction, including prevention and community preparedness. The second most important investments focus on disease detection, containment, and mitigation to contain outbreaks before they spread widely. The final set focuses on advanced case management and surge response during an epidemic or pandemic, making this the most expensive and least cost-effective tier. The final message of the report is urgency. Investments are needed to save lives and economies - before it is too late
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Data Collection ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Insurance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Methodology
    Abstract: Health security has gained importance in the face of COVID-19. It has demanded a relook at the country's preparedness and response capacities and the need for sustainable financing for health security. Addressing these issues has become more imperative when comprehended in the context of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) which promises equity in health without financial hardships. The Joint External Evaluation (JEE) was the result of the extended commitment from development partners to respond to public health risks. The strategic actions of the World Bank and WHO were soon translated into assessments and plans. The JEE translated into the National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) in Pakistan. The World Bank developed the Health Security Financing Assessment Tool (HSFAT) to complement JEE and NAPHS. The purpose of HSFAT was to support national governments to develop financing strategies that link to prioritized national action plans for health security and enable countries to develop a strong and sustainable financing system. The report is divided into four sections. The following section discusses the methodology of the assessment. The results of the qualitative and quantitative assessments are discussed in Section 3. Section 4 covers the findings and recommendations
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Debt ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Debt ; Public Sector Development ; Unemployment
    Abstract: The Economic Monitor examines four possible factors behind Tunisia's slow recovery. First, the drop in mobility related to the pandemic may have been more harmful in Tunisia. However, mobility in Tunisia has dropped to a similar extent as other countries and it has now returned to pre-pandemic levels following the acceleration in the vaccination campaign since July. If anything, the mobility drop in Tunisia has resulted in a lower reduction in economic activity than in comparator countries as Algeria and Egypt. Second, it could be that the level of public support to the ailing firms and households may have been particularly low. However, at 2.3 percent of GDP, the Covid-19 stimulus package in 2020 was in the same ballpark as other comparators in the region. Third, the structure of the Tunisian economy, particularly its reliance on tourism, may have exposed it to the negative demand shock more than other countries. Indeed hotels, cafe and restaurant and transport are the sectors which have contracted the most since the start of the pandemic. The losses of these sectors explain a significant portion of the negative effects of the crisis in Tunisia, although they do not fully account for such slow recovery
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Burden Of Disease ; Communicable Diseases ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; HIV/AIDS ; Malaria ; Nutrition ; Tuberculosis
    Abstract: Over the last two decades, Tanzania has registered improvement in the health status of the population and a reduction in the overall disease burden. However, the burden of communicable diseases and maternal and child health conditions, including nutrition, remains persistently high. These conditions can be prevented and treated with existing affordable and cost-effective interventions but remain major public health problems. Besides the persistently high burden of communicable diseases, Tanzania is witnessing a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and is at risk of a protracted, full-fledged double burden of disease. The study assessed the current and future trajectory of the disease burden, assessed the organization and performance of the health care delivery system in responding to the disease burden, and identified actions that Tanzania would need to employ to address the major causes of disease burden so that they may cease to be major public health problems
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Anemia ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Public Health
    Abstract: According to the information available and the thresholds established by World Health Organization (WHO)E, anemia is a public health problem among the most vulnerable groups in the Palestinian Territory, namely pregnant and postpartum women, children aged between 6-59 months, and adolescents aged 15-18 years. The burden of anemia has remained static during the last decade, suggesting that the anemia prevention and control (APC) interventions in place have not produced their expected outcomes. This assessment, therefore, identifies and analyzes bottlenecks in the ongoing interventions to provide insights to strengthen APC in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (WB and GS). The three main APC activities identified in the Palestinian Territory were the universal fortification of wheat flour with micronutrients, iron supplementation to pregnant and postnatal women and children aged between 6-23 months, and the promotion of an increased dietary intake of micronutrients
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; Economic Growth ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: Buffeted by COVID-19 and Tropical Cyclone Seroja, the non-oil economy grew by 1.5 percent in 2021. A record-high budget with expenditure of nearly 90 percent of GDP bolstered government consumption. A series of fiscal and quasi-fiscal stimulus measures supported employment and incomes, thereby allowing households to maintain their consumption. On the demand side, gross capital formation shrunk while net exports expanded. The oil economy grew by 8.3 percent, bringing the total economic growth to 4.4 percent.1 The government lifted the pandemic-related state of emergency at the end of November 2021, but challenges remain. Following a relatively brisk start, the vaccination campaign has moved sluggishly in recentmonths. Nevertheless, the authorities have initiated vaccination of children and adolescents between 12 and 18 years old, while booster shots have been made available. There has been a concerning surge of Dengue Fever with 5,000 reported cases (and 54 fatalities) to date since January 2022-a more than seven-fold increase from the same period a year ago. All restrictions for inbound international vaccinated travelers to Timor-Leste havebeen rescinded. By the end of May 2022, the partly vaccinated and fully vaccinated figures in Timor-Leste stood at 85.4 percent and 73.4 percent, respectively
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Mental Health ; Teacher Training
    Abstract: LAC has endured one of the longest spells of school closures. The region was hit disproportionately hard in health, economic, and educational terms. In the region, an entire generation of students - approximately 170 million - were fully deprived of in-person education for roughly 1 out of 2 effective school days to date. The effects of the pandemic on the education sector of the region have been severe. The incipient recovery must focus on returning to schooling and, especially, recovering and accelerating learning. In a nutshell, this agenda entails the urgent and comprehensive implementation of four commitments: (i) A commitment to place the education recovery at the top of the public agenda; (ii) A commitment to reintegrate all the children that abandoned school and ensure they stay in it; (iii) A commitment to recover lost learning and ensure the socio-emotional well-being of children; (iv) A commitment to value, support and train teachers
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Disease Control and Prevention ; Environment ; Environmental Disasters and Degradation ; Hazard Risk Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Pakistan remains susceptible to emergencies caused by a variety of natural hazards. There are two fundamental reasons for Pakistan's high vulnerability. The first reason is increasingly high exposure due to rapid changes in the region such as unprecedented population growth, urbanization, deforestation, climate change, and rising human-animal proximity among others. The other reason for Pakistan's high vulnerability, which is also critical to this particular endeavor, is its insufficient capacity for emergency response. Without disregarding the fact that the status of Pakistan's capacity for risk communication has evolved since the JEE's report in 2016 (especially considering the unprecedented focus on risk communication efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic), it is crucial to address the gaps identified to ensure Pakistan is prepared for the next public health mergency. This document provides the way forward for addressing those gaps. The document has two main components. The first main component of the document is an in-depth situation. analysis of the existing risk communication mechanism. The second is a framework for i) ensuring preparedness through institutionalization, and ii) activating campaigns during emergencies
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Economic and Sector Work Reports
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Civil Society ; Employment and Unemployment ; Food Security ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This report focuses on the socio-economic impacts of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Solomon Islands. The fourth round of the high frequency phone survey (HFPS) interviewed 2,671 households in January-February 2022 on the socio-economic impacts of Coronavirus (COVID-19), including employment and income, community trust and security and COVID-19 vaccination. The January-February 2022 round occurred at the onset of the first wave of COVID-19
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Keywords: Child Health ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Indicators ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Maternal Health
    Abstract: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa, by area. The country has a long history of conflict, political upheaval, and instability and has a very high poverty rate despite its abundance of natural resources. Mortality and fertility rates in DRC are among the highest in the world. The Health System Strengthening for Better Maternal and Child Health Result Project (PDSS - Le Projet de Developpement du Systeme de Sante) was launched in 2015 with the objective of improving utilization and quality of maternal and child health services in eleven provinces of out of the provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The main component of the project is the implementation of a provider payment system reform through Performance-Based Financing (PBF), launched in the end of 2016. Contracted health facilities receive quarterly payments conditional on the volumes of targeted services provided and on quality of care. The objective of this impact evaluation is to assess whether the PBF approach impacts utilization and quality of primary health services, in comparison to equivalent amounts of unconditional financing. The rational for comparing outcomes produced by facilities implementing PBF to those produced by facilities who receive equivalent amounts of unconditional financing is to isolate the impact of the PBF incentive mechanisms from the direct impact of the additional resources received through the program
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health Policy ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Public Health
    Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, evolve in ways that reduce medicine's ability to fight them. AMR has made many infections, particularly bacterial infections, increasingly difficult or even impossible to treat. Without effective medicines, the number of people with severe microbial infections will increase, as will the number of people who die from these infections. In 2019, 4.95 million deaths were associated with AMR, with the highest AMR-attributable death rates occurring in western sub-Saharan Africa.8 While AMR is a natural evolutionary process that occurs over time, many human-led behaviors have increased its occurrence. The main drivers of AMR include: (1) the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials; (2) lack of access to clean water and adequate sanitation for people and animals; (3) poor infection prevention and control measures in healthcare facilities and farms; (4) limited access to quality, affordable medicines, vaccines, and diagnostics; and (5) lack of awareness and knowledge about AMR. Additionally, for countries to progress from planning to acting, AMR coordination committees must have a clearly defined role and the remit to develop and implement an operational plan. Operational plans should embed NAP activities into the national development agenda, sectoral strategies, and budgets, and should coordinate an aligned approach to delivering NAP activities across sectors and stakeholders. Creating and empowering AMR coordination committees and comprehensively implementing and monitoring the prioritized activities outlined in their NAPs operational plan takes time; but there are several relatively easy entry points for AMR action that countries can utilize to accelerate their fight against AMR. The remaining case studies in this series showcase successful actions against AMR that three countries, Burkina Faso, Jordan, and Malawi, have taken along their journey to fully operationalizing and implementing their NAPs on AMR
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Data Collection ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Management ; Mental Health ; Public Health Promotion
    Abstract: There is a youth mental health crisis in Lithuania. Mental health challenges have several delirious consequences for the youth, including poor performance in school and negative outcomes later in life such as substance abuse, poor health, unemployment, and incarceration. Addressing this crisis is a priority for the Government of Lithuania, as documented in several strategic plans and budgetary programs. At the request of the government, the World Bank's Bureaucracy Lab undertook an empirical diagnostic of the youth mental health service delivery chain, focusing on the education sector. The study was based on a conceptual framework of a production function of youth mental health service delivery. The report is structured to give a comprehensive picture of the governance factors in Lithuania's mental health services delivery system. Chapter 2 sets forth the conceptual framework used to study the challenge and to design the survey. Chapter 3 charts the results from the study, closely following the designed conceptual framework. Policy recommendations constitute Chapter 4, with actionable proposals given for each tier of the government
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Education ; Gender ; Health Care Services Industry ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Industry ; Nutrition ; Population and Development ; Social Capital
    Abstract: A small open economy, Benin has seen growth that is above average for the region. The volatility of high growth spells combined with low productivity growth has translated into limited gains in income per capita. Following its transition from low-income country to lower middle income country status in 2020 Benin is at the start of a new growth path. Its challenge is to boost the structural transformation of its economy driven by new growth drivers capable of sustaining an economic acceleration, lifting labor productivity and creating quality jobs for its young labor force, including women. While Benin's economy has been spared by the worse of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) crisis, the shock has reinforced the need to focus on structural reforms that address long term challenges and ensure that economic recovery is sustainable and inclusive. The key conclusions that underpin this report, following the country economic memorandum (CEM) 2.0 framework suggest that investing further in human capital and closing gender gaps, particularly to accelerate the decline in fertility rates, and integrate women and youth into a higher quality labor market, should be central. Deepening market integration, connecting people and creating agglomeration economies through transport infrastructure and services should catalyze additional opportunities, taking advantage of Benin's geographical position
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Food and Nutrition Policy ; Food Safety ; Food Security ; Health and Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Nutrition
    Abstract: Current donor investment in food safety in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) largely reflects the concerns of previous decades and as a result is substantially focused on access to regional and overseas export markets, with emphasis on national control systems. Relatively little is being done to reduce foodborne illness among consumers in SSA. More investment in food safety (by African governments, donors, and the private sector) is needed to help ensure that Africans have safe food. New understanding of foodborne disease burden and management, along with rapid and broad change within societies and agri-food systems in SSA, has led to food safety emerging as an important public health and development issue. There is need to reconsider donor and national government investment strategies and the role of the private sector. This report is a call for action on food safety. It provides up-to-date information on key food safety actors, presents the first-ever analysis of food safety investments in SSA, captures insights from a wide-ranging expert consultation and makes suggestions for attaining food safety, based on evidence but also consensus principles, successful elsewhere but not yet applied widely in mass domestic markets in SSA
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Gender ; Gender and Social Policy ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Rights ; Mental Health
    Abstract: The objective of this assessment is to provide background information about GBV issues, policies, programming, and gaps in Malawi, for the purpose of assisting the World Bank (WB) to 1) consider how to directly support efforts to address GBV in Malawi; 2) inform strategies for integrating attention to GBV in development programming; and 3) understand the extent of GBV response programming. In addition to providing an overview of data on the scope of GBV in Malawi, the assessment investigates: legislative and policy protections related to GBV; systems and coordination mechanisms in place for addressing GBV in Malawi; and GBV response and prevention programming. The assessment analyzes key gaps across these areas of investigation based on inputs from key stakeholders as well as the desk review and concludes with several recommendations for WB to consider assisting in addressing these key gaps
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; Education ; Education For All ; Environment ; Gender ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Natural Resources ; Natural Resources Management ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Sustainability
    Abstract: The Performance and Learning Review (PLR) summarizes progress in the implementation of the World Bank Group (WBG) Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Cambodia for Fiscal Year (FY) 2019-2023 (Report No. 136500-KH). The CPF, discussed by the Board of Executive Directors on May 30, 2019, proposed a joint WBG program of assistance covering three focus areas: (i) promoting state efficiency and boosting private sector development; (ii) fostering human development; and (iii) improving agriculture and strengthening sustainable use of natural resources. A cross-cutting theme of strengthening governance, institutions and citizen engagement underpins reforms in all three focus areas. These areas address the key development challenges identified in the 2017 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) (Report No. 115189-KH) and are aligned with the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC)'s Rectangular Strategy Phase IV and the National Strategic Development Plan 2019-2023 and remain relevant to support Cambodia's post COVID-19 recovery
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Food and Nutrition Policy ; Food Safety ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Risk Assessment
    Abstract: Vietnam's agricultural sector plays an important role in the global agri-food value chain. As the sector having the highest trade surplus in one of the most open economies in the world, Vietnam's agricultural sector was affected by Coronavirus (COVID-19) in two main ways. Firstly, raw materials and immediate input supplies for the sector were disrupted due to the early outbreak in Asian countries, especially China, which supply most agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and plant protection products. Secondly and compounding this trend, demand has dropped significantly due to mobility restrictions and reduced economic activity within the country and its most important markets, such as the US and Europe. The objective of this study was to enhance Vietnam's trade and competitiveness, focusing on strengthening private sector participation in global value-chains and food safety awareness and compliance. This report is structured as follows. The first chapter presents the context, objectives and approach for the study. The second chapter highlights the key issues, challenges and gaps in Vietnam's food safety risk assessment. The third chapter presents some of the key lessons and experiences in food safety risk management from some countries within the region and more advanced economies, as a basis to inform Vietnam's national food safety risk assessment framework. Chapter four makes recommendations on how to strengthen Vietnam's National food safety risk assessment committee
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Health and Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Living Standards ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: In this paper, authors assess the economic impacts of increased heat stress in humans in Ghana. As mean global temperatures increase, human capacity for manual labor is affected, particularly in activities with sun exposure such as agriculture and construction. This aspect of climate change is not well-studied, but, as this report will show, this is an important omission, particularly in regions where (i) heat and humidity are already high, (ii) there is high reliance on outdoor, manual labor, and (iii) a significant portion of the population is poor. The effects of heat stress and the resulting losses of labor capacity in such regions can cause large losses of output and GDP. These losses are likely to occur unevenly, affecting certain areas and economic sectors more than others. Some types of poor households (HH) are also likely to be disproportionately affected, especially those close to the poverty line if they earn large portions of their income from their labor and own few productive assets. The authors present projections of heat stress and labor capacity losses at high spatial resolution to identify the areas within Ghana that are most at risk. The authors then assess the economic impacts for 65 different sectors of the economy. The authors can therefore identify, with a high degree of specificity, both the locations and the economic activities that are in danger of experiencing the largest heat stress-induced labor capacity losses, and losses of output and value addition. The poverty impacts of human heat stress in Ghana are also assessed, disaggregated to identify the HH types that are more likely to be pushed into poverty
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9781789908510
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 pages)
    Series Statement: Elgar research agendas series
    Keywords: Manufacturing industries Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. This timely Research Agenda provides a state-of-the-art review of existing research on manufacturing, as well as highlighting key areas of study to advance the field. Expert contributors from across the globe analyse the central role of manufacturing industries in the global economy, considering it as a multi-scalar process and assessing the impact of climate change in necessitating the decarbonization of production processes. Chapters identify and explore disruptive innovations in production technologies, including additive manufacturing, and their implications for future research. The book further highlights megatrends in automotive, electronics and emerging industries, including small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, Asian electronics production networks, global production networks, and operations and supply chain management. It develops a framework for accessing corporate elites and for guiding the process of undertaking qualitative semi-structured interviews. This Research Agenda will be a critical collection for economic geography, urban studies, city and regional planning, and business and management studies scholars seeking a forward-looking approach to the topic. It will also be useful to policymakers and practitioners working in regional economic development and planning"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Dedication: Michael j. Taylor / John R. Bryson -- Preface -- 1. Reframing manufacturing research: Place, production, risk and theory / John R. Bryson, Chloe Billing, William Graves and Godfrey Yeung -- 2. Theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding emerging industries / Chloe Billing and John R. Bryson -- 3. Transforming manufacturing? An additive manufacturing research agenda / Jennifer Johns -- 4. Megatrends and new research agendas in the automotive industry / Godfrey Yeung -- 5. Getting the right skills in place for manufacturing: Challenges and opportunities / Anne Green and Abigail Taylor -- 6. Addressing the evolution of clustering strategies in manufacturing: A policy research agenda / William Graves and Harrison S. Campbell, Jr -- 7. Going global in one location: Exploring sme manufacturer internationalization motives at a trade fair / Ronald V. Kalafsky and Douglas R. Gress -- 8. The transformation of asian electronics production networks: Evidence from the participation of vietnam / David Yuen Tung Chan and Chun Yang -- 9. How to increase the usefulness and relevance of operations and supply chain management research? / Donato Masi and Jan Godsell -- 10. Corporate interviewing and manufacturing companies: A framework to guide qualitative semi-structured interviews / John R. Bryson, Chloe Billing, Chantal Hales, Rachel Mulhall and Megan Ronayne -- 11. Reading manufacturing firms and new research agendas: Scalar-plasticity, value/risk and the emergency of jenga capitalism / John R. Bryson -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9781800372986
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (328 pages)
    Keywords: Pensions ; Pensions ; Pensions ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Presenting the evolution of supplementary pensions over the past 25 years, this comprehensive book introduces the origin of pensions as a concept and explores the role that international organisations play within the field. It draws comparisons between different welfare states, reflecting upon current research and identifying new directions and ideas. Despite observing significant differences in the approaches to pension design, the book identifies common challenges, including the need to provide for an increasingly aging population, slow economic growth following the 2008 global financial crisis, the need for effective regulation, and increased labour market flexibility. Leading scholars analyse the experiences of a broad range of countries and offer insights into their responses to the numerous challenges faced by national pension systems. The book covers significant moments in pensions history following the World Bank's 1994 report on Averting the Old Age Crisis, and subsequent responses to challenges posed by longevity and economic crises. This book will be an ideal companion for academic researchers and financial law scholars interested in pensions and looking to develop an international perspective on the issue, as well as professionals in the pensions industry who are engaging with other countries and looking to develop their knowledge of overseas pension systems"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- 1. Introduction / James Kolaczkowski, Yves Stevens and Jakob Markus Werbrouck -- 2. On the origin of pensions / Yves Stevens -- 3. The role of international organizations in the last 25 years and their effect on pension reforms throughout the world / Paul Roels -- 4. Belgium: 25 years of occupational pension schemes for employees in belgium from a legal perspective / Emma Suzanne van Aggelen and Jakob Markus Werbrouck -- 5. Finland: Pension reforms in finland / Susan Kuivalainen and Kati Kuitto -- 6. France: A national overview / Arnauld D'Yvoire -- 7. Germany: About unpopular but necessary reforms / Heinz-Dietrich Steinmeyer -- 8. Greece: perpetual struggle against the sovereignty of public pension regimes / Gabriel Amitsis -- 9. Ireland: Talking about change - pension reform in ireland 1994-2019 / Michelle Maher -- 10. Italy: The Italian pension system - reform trajectories and open issues / Felice Roberto Pizzuti and Michele Raitano -- 11. The Netherlands: Pensions in the netherlands - from defined benefit to defined contribution / Erik Lutjens -- 12. Poland: A preliminary assessment / Marek Szczepański, Joanna Ratajczak, Kamila Bielawska, Joanna Rutecka-Góra and Sylwia Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka -- 13. The development of supplementary pensions in portugal: Influenced by ideas, the process of European integration and national idiosyncrasies / Maria Clara Murteira -- 14. Spain: The evolution of the Spanish private pension system: 1994-2019 / Inmaculada Domínguez Fabián and John A. Turner -- 15. Sweden: (supplementary) pensions 1994-2019 / Eskil Wadensjö -- 16. Switzerland: 25 years of occupational pension provision (1995-2020) / Jacques-André Schneider -- 17. The United Kingdom: Political and labour market influences / Bryn Davies and James Kolaczkowski -- 18. The United States: The evolution of the us pension system - 1994-2019 / Jonathan Barry Forman, Dana M. Muir and John A. Turner -- 19. Pensions and the paradox of trust: Developments over the past 25 years / Kamila Bielawska, Sally Shen and John A. Turner -- 20. Changes in approach to risk sharing in supplementary pension schemes / Anna Gierusz, Patrycja Kowalczyk-Rólczyńska, Agnieszka Pobłocka and Joanna Rutecka-Góra -- 21. Editors' view and conclusion / James Kolaczkowski, Yves Stevens and Jakob Markus Werbrouck -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9781788976053
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (336 pages)
    Keywords: Work-life balance Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Quantitative research ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "This innovative and thought-provoking Research Handbook explores the theoretical debate surrounding work-life balance, and provides a reflection on the opportunity to adopt multilevel research approaches and perspectives, along gender and temporal axes. The Research Handbook is an international overview of current research on work-life balance, considered in macro, meso and micro perspectives. Offering both theoretical reflections and empirical research examples illustrating the multiple strategies through which the different articulations that characterize the work-life intersection can be analysed, this Research Handbook includes analyses of gendered labour, generational assets and technological changes. Contributors provide translation and actualization of specific research practices and methodological choices, focused on different national contexts. The empirical analysis ranges from comparative research based on quantitative methods, to qualitative approaches centered on longitudinal, discursive and narrative perspectives, and mixed-method studies. Further contributions adopt innovative research methods based on the use of digital and visual technologies. This Research Handbook will be an inspiring read for both undergraduate and postgraduate sociology and social policy students. The book is also addressed to researchers, consultants and policy makers interested in work-life balance issues"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction to the research handbook on work-life balance / Sonia Bertolini and Barbara Poggio -- Part I: Theoretical and methodological framework -- 2. Work-life balance and beyond: Premises and challenges / Anna Carreri, Annalisa Dordoni, and Barbara Poggio -- 3. Doing research on work-life balance / Sonia Bertolini and Rosy Musumeci -- Part II: Multilevel perspectives along gender and temporal axes -- 4. Research on work-life balance: A gender structure analysis / Emily Hallgren and Barbara J. Risman -- 5. Work-life balance through the life course / Jeanne Ganault and Ariane Pailhé -- 6. Work-(later) life balance: Shifting the temporal frame / Anne E. Barrett, Rachel Douglas and Jessica Noblitt -- Part III: Comparative research (approaches and studies) -- 7. The household division of labour in Europe: A multilevel perspective / Dirk Hofäcker and Simone Braun -- 8. Subjective work-family conflicts: The challenge of studying self-employed workers / Rossella Bozzon and Annalisa Murgia -- Part IV: Longitudinal, discursive and narrative analysis -- 9. Qualitative longitudinal research for studying work-family balance (before and after childbirth) / Manuela Naldini -- 10. Fathers in focus: Two discursive analyses on addressing men, work and care / Suvi Heikkinen, Marjut Jyrkinen and Emilia Kangas -- 11. Work-life balance for fathers during paternal leave in norway: A narrative approach / Kristine Warhuus Smeby and Ulla Forseth -- Part V: Mixed and multimethod research -- 12. Beyond the lines: Gender, work, and care in the new economy - a view from the u.s. / Kathleen Gerson and Mauro Migliavacca -- 13. The effect of childcare facilities on labour market participation among young adults in Estonia: A mixed-methods study / Kadri Täht, Marge Unt and Epp Reiska -- 14. Flexible work arrangements and diversity through a comparative and multilevel lens / Eleni Stavrou and Myrto Anastassiadou -- Part VI: Digital and visual methods -- 15. The gendered labour of work-life balance: Using a new method to understand an enduring dilemma / Julia Cook and Dan Woodman -- 16. 'My work is full of gossipers so i tried to keep my pregnancy secret': 'distant' netnography as a qualitative method for exploring work-life balance among pregnant and breastfeeding employees / Caroline Gatrell -- 17. The performance of oneself through visuals in interviews: Queering the work-life binary / Marjan De Coster and Patrizia Zanoni -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9781788976329
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (368 pages)
    Keywords: International relations and terrorism ; International relations and terrorism ; International relations and terrorism ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "This illuminating book offers a timely assessment of the development and proliferation of precursor crimes of terrorism, exploring the functions and implications of these expanding offences in different jurisdictions. In response to new modes and sources of terrorism, attempts to pre-empt potential attacks through precursor offences have emerged. This book examines not only the meanings and effectiveness of this approach, but also the challenges posed to human rights and social and economic development. Featuring contributions from leading academic and practitioner experts in counter-terrorism law, the book covers the broad scope of activities tackled by these new legal interventions, including membership, collaboration, communications, training and financing. Taking a comparative approach that relies on extensive experience in various jurisdictions, including the UK and Spain, the chapters also discuss important related issues such as international cooperation, investigations and penology, offering insights into the context of policies and practices. Scholars and advanced students of criminal and human rights law with an interest in terrorism and terrorism offences will find this book essential reading. It will also benefit legal practitioners and policy makers in fields such as international criminal law cooperation and counter-terrorism"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I: Introduction -- 1. Introduction to precursor crimes of terrorism / Mariona Llobet Anglí, Manuel Cancio Meliá, and Clive Walker -- 2. Counter terrorism through precursor crimes / Clive Walker -- Part II: Criminalisation of anticipatory risk of terrorism attacks -- 3. Law as reason vs law as will in the fight against terrorism: From a hobbesian conception of law to an orwellian society / Aniceto Masferrer and Pedro Talavera -- 4. The criminalisation of terrorism risk within the European Union: A suitable choice? / Francesca Galli -- 5. Voluntary abandonment related to the crime of membership of a terrorist group / Mertxe Landera Luri -- 6. Precursor crimes in australia's anti-terrorism legislation / Christopher Michaelsen -- Part III: Precursor communication crimes in relation to terrorism -- 7. The legitimacy of offences criminalising incitement to terrorist acts: A European perspective / Anneke Petzsche -- 8. Twitter after charlie hebdo and the paris bataclan attacks: Identifying and measuring the different types of violent speech on the internet / Fernando Miró-Llinares -- 9. Spanish writing on the wall? Glorification of terrorism under spanish law / Manuel Cancio Meliá -- 10. Terrorism as a hate crime? / Juan Alberto Díaz López -- Part IV: Expansion of precursor terrorism crimes: Organisational, evidential and international -- 11. Agency costs avoidance through 'leaderless resistance' and the criminalization of visiting internet sites: Is the cure worse than the disease? / Íñigo Ortiz de Urbina Gimeno -- 12. 'Jihadist lone wolves': Terrorists, murderers or believers? Back to an actor-based criminal law / Mariona Llobet Anglí -- 13. Intelligence expert evidence against terrorism in Spain / Gonzalo Boye Tuset -- 14. Precursor crimes of international terrorism / Ben Saul -- Part V: Process, practice and punishment -- 15. Police cooperation in counter-terrorism: Limits and suitable partners / Saskia Maria Hufnagel -- 16. The accommodation of precursor crimes within extradition / Paul Arnell -- 17. Criminal process and precursor crimes of terrorism / Mark Topping and Mark Carroll -- 18. Legal experiments in the Spanish judicial fight against jihadist terrorism / Benet Salellas i Vilar -- 19. The ends of state punishment and terrorism / Daniel Rodríguez Horcajo -- 20. The relevance of mandatory minimum penalties: An Introduction with reference to precursor crimes of terrorism in Spain / Gonzalo J. Basso -- 21. Penal policies and terrorist offenders in Spain: A matter of recidivism risk assessment or a matter of de-radicalisation? / Enara Garro Carrera -- 22. The sentencing of precursor terrorism crimes in the United Kingdom / Florence Lee and Clive Walker -- Select bibliography -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781839109256
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (320 pages)
    Series Statement: Elgar research agendas
    Keywords: Special events Research ; Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. Exploring the social, economic and environmental impacts of events on people, places and communities, this timely Research Agenda highlights the links between theory and practice in event impacts research. Top scholars critically assess events, looking at who benefits from hosting them, and focusing on issues surrounding sustainability, the need to define legacies, and the need to extend regeneration efforts to secure economic and socially sustainable futures. The Research Agenda first outlines key theories and concepts in the field, addressing the three impacts recognized in triple bottom line considerations of sustainability. Chapters then move to analyse a range of types and scales of event, including: conventions and business events, sports tourism, cultural and religious events, intangible cultural heritage, and events in rural locations. This forward-looking Research Agenda further analyses event hosting in emerging economy nations, disability access and inclusion, climate change and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Covering a broad range of types, scales and settings of events, this will be a crucial read for event studies and event management scholars. The critical insights to practical impacts of events will also be beneficial for policy-makers and event practitioners"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- 1. An Introduction to a research agenda for event impacts / Nicholas Wise -- Part I: Assessing event impacts -- 2. Economic impacts of events / Larry Dwyer -- 3. Environmental impacts of events / Kelly Maguire -- 4. Social impacts of events / Nicholas Wise, Susanne Gellweiler, and Enqing Tian -- Part II: Research themes and case examples -- 5. Convention events / Jeeyeon Jeannie Hahm -- 6. Sports tourism and event impacts / Marko Perić, Jelena Đurkin Badurina, and Nicholas Wise -- 7. Religious events and commercialization / Flávia Ulian and Angela Fileno da Silva -- 8. Events and intangible cultural heritage / Takamitsu Jimura -- 9. Transformational atmospheres of international sporting events / Jada Lindblom -- 10. Rural events and social development / Lucia Aquilino -- 11. Local authority planning, sustainability, and event governance / Kelly Maguire -- 12. The impact of events on place branding / Waldemar Cudny -- 13. Mega-event trends and impacts / Tara Fitzgerald and Brij Maharaj -- 14. Postponement of events / Alexander Bond, Daniel Parnell, and Jan Andre Lee Ludvigsen -- 15. Disability, access, and inclusion / Erin Pearson and Laura Misener -- 16. Events and climate change / Judith Mair -- Part III: Going forward -- 17. Evaluating cultural legacy: From policy to engaged research / Rafaela Neiva Ganga -- 18. A research synthesis of organizational forms for events legacy delivery / Kylie Wasser, Landy Di Lu, and Laura Misener -- 19. Concluding remarks and event impacts going forward / Kelly Maguire -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781802202915
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 pages)
    Series Statement: Elgar compliance guides
    Keywords: Personal information management Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Companies, lawyers, privacy officers, compliance managers, as well as human resources, marketing and IT professionals are increasingly facing privacy issues. While plenty of information is freely available, it can be difficult to grasp a problem quickly, without getting lost in details and advocacy. This is where Determann's Field Guide to Data Privacy Law comes into its own - identifying key issues and providing concise practical guidance for an increasingly complex field shaped by rapid change in international laws, technology and society. This fifth edition reflects significant changes since 2019, such as new laws in California and other jurisdictions, new EU Standard Contractual Clauses, data residency requirements, machine learning, data monetization trends, cloud adoption and the Internet of Things. Readers will benefit from an introduction to key data privacy concepts and useful practical guidance on starting, maintaining and auditing compliance programs. Step-by-step direction on drafting privacy documentation is provided, with 'how-to' suggestions for tasks and projects. Finally, the book offers an A-Z list of hot topics, organized by commonly used buzz words, as well as a rich index and checklists. This guide should be on the desk and in the briefcase of every compliance officer and corporate counsel. New to this Edition: -practical tips on deploying the new EU Standard Contractual Clauses -guidance on data maps, gap assessments, audit controls, and privacy-tech tools -updated discussion and comparison of pros and cons of cross-border transfer compliance mechanisms -new guidance based on GDPR enforcement, the California Consumer Privacy Act, the CLOUD Act and other new laws -practical considerations regarding dark patterns, anonymization, COVID-19 related challenges, "Schrems 2 assessments," arbitration clauses, competition laws and data sharing. Key Features: -clear structure facilitates quick reference -A-Z of data privacy provides snapshot of key topics -direction on geographical and topical prioritization -practical guide to starting, maintaining and auditing privacy compliance programs -glossaries of key acronyms and terms help navigation through the field -concise overview of practical requirements of data privacy law compliance worldwide -advice on drafting documentation and tools to complete an end-to-end process, including sample documentation and checklists"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Starting a compliance program -- 2. International data transfers - selecting compliance mechanisms -- 3. Drafting documentation -- 4. Maintaining and auditing compliance programs -- 5. Data privacy a to z -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9781839105951
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (328 pages)
    Series Statement: Elgar intellectual property law and practice
    Keywords: Bioinformatics Law and legislation ; Medical informatics Law and legislation ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "This book covers a broad range of legal topics relating to the fields of bioinformatics and medical informatics, which relate to the intersection of biomedical information and computer programming within the contexts of scientific research, product development and healthcare delivery. A number of usually distinct bodies of legal doctrine come together in this area, sometimes overlapping, sometimes colliding in unexpected ways. Key issues discussed in the book include: -An overview of the current landscape of bioinformatics and medical informatics -A focus on the legal issues arising from the development and acquisition of informatics tools for use in a laboratory or healthcare setting -Developments in patent and innovation law that are important for informatics applications -A discussion of institutions and collaborative arrangements in which informatics applications are developed and used today -Data protection and privacy issues applicable to informatics applications in the U.S. and Europe. While no single work can cover the entire set of legal issues arising from large, dynamic and complex fields such as bioinformatics and medical informatics, this book strives to offer the reader insight into some of the major legal trends and considerations applicable to these fields today"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- Introduction to bioinformatics, medical informatics and the law -- 1. Overview of bioinformatics and medical informatics technology for non-specialists / A. James Cuticchia -- 2. Medical information commons: Conceptual, legal and ethical considerations for stakeholders / Janis Geary, Mary A. Majumder, Jill Oliver Robinson, Christi Guerrini and Robert Cook-Deegan -- 3. Software agreements for bioinformatics and medical informatics applications / Brett Lockwood -- 4. Open source and bioinformatics / Michele K. Herman, Jane Eckels, Joanne Montague, Jordan J. Bowler and Nicole Orlov -- 5. Software development / Heather J. Meeker -- 6. Software patents / Gregory J. Kirsch and Charley F. Brown -- 7. Bioinformatics at the patent office / Saurabh Vishnubhakat and Arti K. Rai -- 8. University research and licensing / Jeff Carter-Johnson, Jennifer Carter-Johnson and Jorge L. Contreras -- 9. Technical standards for bioinformatics and medical informatics / Jorge L. Contreras and Adrian Thorogood -- 10. Database protection / Jon M. Garon -- 11. Us federal genomic data release and access policies / Jorge L. Contreras -- 12. Privacy and security challenges in bioinformatics / Lucy L. Thomson and Arthur E. Peabody, Jr. -- 13. Bioinformatics, medical informatics and the European general data protection regulation / Christopher Jones -- 14. Informatics and public health surveillance / Leslie P. Francis and John G. Francis -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781789909692
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 volume)
    Series Statement: Elgar research reviews in law
    Keywords: Intellectual property ; Cultural property ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The number and variety of methodological and substantive challenges that face those working at the interface of intellectual and cultural property have generated a rich interdisciplinary literature. Responding to a myriad of questions that the juxtaposition of the concepts of intellectual property and cultural property provoke, this research review focuses on the importance of creativity and cultural production in social, political and economic terms. The text will be of value to anyone interested in this important frontier
    Description / Table of Contents: Recommended readings (Machine generated): 1. -- (2019), Natsuko Akagawa and Laurajane Smith (eds), Safeguarding Intangible Heritage: Practices and Politics, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Routledge -- 2. (2017), Jane Anderson and Haidy Geismar (eds), The Routledge Companion to Cultural Property, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Routledge -- 3. (2018), Christoph Antons and William Logan (eds), Intellectual Property, Cultural Property and Intangible Cultural Heritage, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Routledge -- 4. (1996), Ronald V. Bettig (ed.), Copyrighting Culture: The Political Economy of Intellectual Property, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Routledge -- 5. Janet Blake (2000), On Defining Cultural Heritage', International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 49, 61-85 -- 6. Michael Blakeney (2013), 'The Protection of Traditional Knowledge Under Intellectual Property Law', European Intellectual Property Law Review, 22, 251-61 -- 7. Michael Blakeney (2009), 'Protecting the Spiritual Beliefs of Indigenous Peoples: Australian Case Studies', Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal, 22, 391-427 -- 8. Kathy Bowrey and Jane Anderson (2009), 'The Politics of Global Information Sharing: Whose Cultural Agendas are Being Advanced?', Social and Legal Studies, 18, 479-504 -- 9. (2008), James Boyle (ed.), The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind, New Haven, USA and London, UK: Yale University Press -- 10. (2018), Merima Bruncevic (ed.), Art and the Commons: Space, Materiality and the Normative, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Routledge -- 11. Kristen A. Carpenter, Sonya K. Katyal and Angela R. Riley (2009), 'In Defense of Property', Yale Journal of Law, 100-204 -- 12. (1998), Rosemary J. Coombe (ed.), The Cultural Life of Intellectual Properties: Authorship, Appropriation and the Law, Durham, NC, USA: Duke University Press -- 13. Rosemary J. Coombe (2009), 'The Expanding Purview of Cultural Properties and their Politics', Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 5, 393-412 -- 14. (2011), Carys J. Craig (ed.), Copyright, Communication and Culture: Towards a Relational Theory of Copyright Law, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd -- 15. (2018), Charlotte Waelde, Catherine Cummings, Mathilde Pavis and Helena Enright (eds), Research Handbook on Contemporary Intangible Cultural Heritage: Law and Heritage, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd -- 16. -- William Fisher (2018), 'Theories of Intellectual Property' in Stephen R. Munzer (ed.), New Essays in the Legal and Political Theory of Property, Chapter 6, Cambr+AI4idge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 168-200 -- 17. Peter Fitzpatrick and Richard Joyce (2007), 'Copying Right: Cultural Property and the Limits of (Occidental) Law', in Fiona Macmillan (ed.), New Directions in Copyright Law: Volume 4, Chapter 8, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 169-90
    Description / Table of Contents: 18. Tatiana Flessas (2003), 'Cultural Property Defined and Redefined as Nietzschean Aphorism', Cardozo Law Review, 1067-98 -- 19. Manlio Frigo (2004), 'Cultural Property v. Cultural Heritage: A battle of Concepts in International Law?', International Review of the Red Cross, 86 (854), 367-78 -- 20. (1991), Jane M. Gaines (ed.), Contested Culture: The Image, the Voice, and the Law, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and London, UK: University of North Carolina Press -- 21.Johanna Gibson (2006), 'Community and the Exhaustion of Culture: Creative Territories in Traditional Cultural Expressions', in Fiona Macmillan and Kathy Bowrey (eds), New Directions in Copyright Law: Volume 3, Chapter 2, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd -- 22. (2008), Christoph Beat Graber and Mira Burri-Nenova (eds), Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd -- 23. Martin Skrydstrup and Valdimar Tr. Hafstein (2017), 'Heritage vs. Property: Contrasting Regimes and Rationalities in the Patrimonial Field', in Jane Anderson and Haidy Geismar (eds), The Routledge Companion to Cultural Property, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Routledge, 38-53 -- 24. (2013), Rodney Harrison (ed.), Heritage: Critical Approaches, London, UK and New York, NY, USA: Routledge -- 25. (2004), Eva Hemmings Wirtén (ed.), No Trespassing: Authorship, Intellectual Property Rights, and the Boundaries of Globalization, Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press -- 26. Eva Hemmings Wirtén (2006), 'Our of Sight & Out of Mind: On the Cultural Hegemony of Intellectual Property (Critique)', Cultural Studies, 20, 282-91 -- 27. -- (2008), Eva Hemmings Wirtén (ed.), Terms of Use: Negotiating the Jungle of the Intellectual Commons, Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press -- 28. Lawrence Liang (2011), 'Beyond Representation: The Figure of the Pirate', in Mario Biagiola, Peter Jaszi and Martha Woodmansee (eds), Making and Unmaking Intellectual Property: Creative Production in Legal and Cultural Perspective, Chicago, IL, USA and London, UK: University of Chicago Press, 167-80 -- 29. Fiona Macmillan (2005), 'Commodification and Cultural Ownership', in Jonathan Griffiths and Uma Suthersanen (eds), Copyright and Free Speech: Comparative and International Analyses, Chapter 3, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press -- 30. (2006), Fiona Macmillan and Kathy Bowrey (eds), New Directions in Copyright Law: Volume 3, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd -- 31. (2021), Fiona Macmiilan (ed.), Intellectual and Cultural Property: Between Market and Commodity, London, UK and New York, NY, USA: Routledge -- 32. (2002), Kartsen Schubert and Daniel McClean (eds), Dear Images: Art, Copyright and Culture, London, UK: Ridinghouse and Institute of Contemporary Arts -- 33. (2001), Kembrew McLeod (ed.), Owning Culture: Authorship, Ownership and Intellectual Property Law, New York, NY, USA: Peter Lang Publishing Inc. -- 34. (2018), Jani McCutcheon and Fiona McGaughey (eds), Research Handbook on Art and Law, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd -- 35. Naomi Mezey (2007), 'The Paradoxes of Cultural Property', Columbia Law Review, 107, 2004-46
    Description / Table of Contents: 36. (2014), Laura J. Murray, S. Tina Piper and Kirsty Robertson (eds), Putting Intellectual Property in its Place: Rights Discourses, Creative Labor, and the Everyday, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press -- 37. Neil Weinstock Netanel (1996), 'Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society', Yale Law Journal, 106, 283-387 -- 38. (2008), Neil Weinstock Netanel (ed.), Copyright's Paradox, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press -- 39. (1997), Patrick Parrinder and Warren L. Chernaik (eds), Textual Monopolies: Literary Copyright and the Public Domain, London, UK: University of London Press -- 40. Lyndel V. Prott and Patrick J. O'Keefe (1992), '"Cultural Heritage" or "Cultural Property"?', International Journal of Cultural Property, 1, 307-20 -- 41. Carol M. Rose (2003), 'Roman, Roads and Romantic Creators: Traditions of Public Property in the Information Age', Law & Contemporary Problems, 66, 89-110 -- 42. (1993), Mark Rose (ed.), Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright, Boston, MA, USA: Harvard University Press -- 43. (1992), David Saunders (ed.), Authorship and Copyright, London, UK and New York, NY, USA: Routledge -- 44. Joseph R. Slaughter (2011), 'Form and Informality: An Unliterary Look at World Literature', in Robyn Warhol (ed.), The Work of Genre: Selected Essays from the English Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA: The English Institute in collaboration with the American Council of Learned Societies, 182-226 -- 45. (2006), Laurajane Smith (ed.), Uses of Heritage, London, UK and New York, NY, USA: Routledge -- 46. (2001), Siva Vaidhyanathan (ed.), Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How it Threatens Creativity, New York, NY, USA: New York University Press -- 47. Jeremy Waldron (1993), 'From Authors to Copiers: Individual Rights and Social Values in Intellectual Property', Chicago-Kent Law Review, 68, 841-87 -- 48. (1994), Martha Woodmansee and Peter Jaszi (eds), The Construction of Authorship: Textual Appropriation in Law and Literature, Durham, NC, USA: Duke University Press
    Note: The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Coverage ; Equitable ; Financing ; Health System ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Resilient
    Abstract: Ukraine provides an illuminating example of a health system that has responded to a health shock in a way that both builds health system resilience and advances health system reforms. When the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in Ukraine in early 2020, a set of major health financing and provider payment reforms were under way. The capacity of the National Health Services of Ukraine (NHSU) and collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH) of Ukraine offered considerable flexibility to make quick adjustments in purchasing arrangements toward changing COVID-19 health care needs. The NHSU is entitled to purchase program of medical guarantees (PMG) services through packages defined on an annual basis with regular adjustments to accommodate evolving needs. The ongoing reforms involved a transition from historical line-item budgeting toward output-based purchasing arrangements through which resources were channeled to selected health providers, conditional on confirmed provider capacity and using new payment mechanisms (capitation, global budgets, fees for service, per-case payment, and so on) that incentivize efficiency. It is an opportune time to reflect on how Ukraine's pandemic response affected the health system reforms and the extent to which adjustments made helped them progress or set them back. The lessons from this experience may be important during the current health sector emergency caused by the Russian invasion in Ukraine, which started on February 24, 2022
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: DBT ; Direct Benefit Transfer ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Private Providers ; Public Health Concern ; TB ; Treatment of Patients ; Tuberculosis
    Abstract: Eliminating tuberculosis (TB) as a public health concern is not only about saving lives, but also equally an important economic investment. In line with this, the Government of India (GOI) has a target of elimination of TB by 2025, through innovative measures, including providing multiple direct benefit transfer (DBT) schemes for patients and providers and using technology to strengthen service delivery. The GOI has implemented DBT for more than 300 social protection schemes, including eleven in the health sector. This policy brief explicitly focuses on the DBT scheme for TB patients. The four supporting DBT schemes for TB include: (i) under the Ni-Kshay Poshan Yojana (NPY), monetary incentives are provided for each notified TB patient until the completion of the treatment; (ii) Ni-Kshay monetary incentives are provided for the private providers and informants for the notification and until completion of the treatment of patients treated by private providers; (iii) transport monetary incentive for TB patients in notified tribal areas; and (iv) honorarium to treatment supporters who may be individual volunteers or non-profit organizations providing support to TB patients. This policy brief documents and distills lessons from NPY's early implementation of DBT in three states and six districts in India
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Disability ; Health Indicators ; Health Policy and Management ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The objective of this Technical Note is to provide task teams and task team leaders (TTLs) with tools for designing and delivering health care services that are inclusive of disability. More specifically, the ambition of this Technical Note is to improve awareness and skills of TTLs and other World Bank employees toward recognizing the rights of persons with disabilities to receive equitable health care from the outset, to help drive demand from governments, and to identify concrete actions to promote disability-inclusion in health service delivery. The guide provides the rationale for disability inclusion, tips for engaging in dialogue, information and examples on disability-inclusive practices and operations, and specific guidance on integrating disability into health service programming and delivery supported by the World Bank
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9781800374362
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (320 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Engaging citizens in policy making
    Keywords: Internet in public administration ; Political participation ; Political participation Technological innovations ; Policy sciences Citizen participation ; Electronic books ; Europa ; Verwaltung ; E-Partizipation ; Bürgerbeteiligung
    Abstract: "Exploring academic and policy thinking on e-participation, this book opens up the organizational and institutional 'black box' and provides new insights into how public administrations in 15 European states have facilitated its implementation. Using multiple case studies, the book offers a systematic analysis of how e-participation initiatives are actually organized and administered within the government, as well as how the political context and collaborative partnerships both within the government and with non-governmental actors affect the adoption and institutionalization of e-participation platforms. Contributors provide new empirical evidence on some of the most pressing questions related to the organization and management of e-participation, aiming to provide better understanding of citizen participation platforms. Providing comparative knowledge on the institutional, administrative and organizational aspects of e-participation, this book will be an ideal read for public policy researchers and government practitioners interested in innovation and technology in public administration"--
    Note: Includes index
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781800880528
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 pages)
    Series Statement: The ACUNS series on the UN system
    Keywords: United Nations ; Mediation, International ; Peace-building ; Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes Case studies ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "This cutting-edge book illuminates the key characteristics of inclusivity in mediation during armed conflicts and post-conflict peacebuilding. Daisaku Higashi illustrates the importance of mediators taking flexible approaches to inclusivity in arbitration during armed conflicts, highlighting the crucial balance between the need to select conflicting parties to make an agreement feasible and the need to include a multiplicity of parties to make the peace sustainable. Higashi also emphasizes the importance of inclusive processes in the phase of post-conflict peacebuilding. Higashi draws on first-hand experience as a team leader for reconciliation and reintegration in UNAMA, as well as interviews with leaders in conflicting states and UN missions, and recommends various roles for the UN, neighboring states and global powers in mediation during and after armed conflicts. Utilizing extensive field research and analysis, the book focuses on conflict regions in Afghanistan, South Sudan, Syria, Yemen, Iraq and East Timor to demonstrate the significance of addressing inclusivity in mediation and peacebuilding with different approaches. Engaging with a range of empirical sources to make key policy recommendations, this book is crucial reading for practitioners working in mediation and peacebuilding, particularly UN officials, think-tank experts, government officials and NGOs. It will also benefit scholars and students of political science and international relations in need of unique, real-world accounts of global mediation, peacebuilding and conflict management"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction: Civil wars and inclusivity -- 2. Debates on inclusivity in mediation and peacebuilding -- 3. Challenges of inclusivity in peace negotiations: The case of south sudan -- 4. Challenges of inclusivity in peace negotiations: The case of Afghanistan -- 5. The role of the un, neighboring states, and global powers in mediation: The case of Syria -- 6. The role of the un, neighboring states, and global powers in mediation: The case of yemen -- 7. Inclusivity in post-conflict peacebuilding: The cases of iraq and east timor -- 8. Conclusion: Theoretical contributions, policy implications, and remaining questions -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781839100307
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 pages)
    Keywords: Disasters Research ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "This timely book unpacks the idea of 'disaster' from a variety of approaches, broadening understanding and improving the usability of this complex and often contested concept. Including multidisciplinary perspectives from leading and emerging scholars, it offers reflections on how the concept of disaster has been shaped by and within various fields of research, providing complementary and thought-provoking comparisons across many domains. Functioning as an important point of reference between and across disciplines, chapters explore the forces and building blocks of disaster and how these are interpreted, providing opportunities for dialogue between multiple points of view. The book concludes with a broader, integrated discussion of the aspects of disaster research covered, putting forward suggestions for further cooperation between disciplines and a future research agenda. Defining Disaster will be a fascinating read for disaster researchers in disciplines including law, sociology, and social and public policy who wish to improve their understanding of how their work maps onto the wider field. It will also be beneficial for policy makers and practitioners in this area looking for a rounded view of contemporary cross-disciplinary research on the subject"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- 1. On disaster: Disciplines, domains and definitions / Marie Aronsson-Storrier and Rasmus Dahlberg -- 2. Prologue: The sociology of disaster - a us perspective on the transformational conceptualization embedded in a discipline / Tricia Wachtendorf -- Part I: Disciplines -- 3. Disaster anthropology: Vulnerability, process and meaning / Kristoffer Albris -- 4. Keep the curtains drawn! Event, process and disaster in international law / Marie Aronsson-Storrier -- 5. Positioning social work in relation to disasters: A social notion running along a continuum / Carin Björngren Cuadra -- 6. Defining the role of public health in disasters and emergency management / Kevin Blanchard -- 7. Disaster in engineering and earthquake science / Sólveig Thorvaldsdóttir -- 8. Defining disaster in volcanology / Jazmin P. Scarlett, Ailsa Naismith and Ashleigh Rushton -- Part II: Domains -- 9. Whose views matter? Navigating insiders' and outsiders' understanding of disasters / Loïc Le Dé and J.C. Gaillard -- 10. Drought, famine and disasters / Olivier Rubin -- 11. Defining disasters through international space governance / Nathan Clark -- 12. Disaster definitions from an arctic perspective / Natalia Andreassen and Rebecca Pincus -- 13. Disaster movies: Definitions, filmography and three analyses / Rasmus Dahlberg and Uta Reichardt -- 14. Systemic disasters: Considering the whole and not constituent parts / Livhuwani Nemakonde -- 15. Epilogue: What are disasters not? / Ilan Kelman -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781839107467
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 volume)
    Series Statement: Elgar research reviews in law
    Keywords: Constitutional law ; Equality ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In this research review, Rebecca E. Zietlow identifies and gives invaluable context to the most important scholarly contributions on the topic of constitutional law and equality. While much of the scholarship around constitutional equality focuses on court enforcement of the Equal Protection Clause, the story of constitutional equality is not just about legal advocacy, but political action in an increasingly diverse nation. The future of constitutional equality depends less on legal arguments before courts than on political advocacy for social and economic change
    Description / Table of Contents: Recommended readings (Machine generated): 1 R. Richard Banks (2001), 'Race-based Suspect Selection and Color blind Equal Protection and Doctrine and Discourse Smith', UCLA Law Review, 48, 1075-124 -- 2 Mario L. Barnes, Erwin Chemerinsky and TrinaJones (2010), 'A Post-Race Equal Protection?', 98, Georgetown Law Journal, 967-1004 -- 3 Derrick A. Bell, Jr. (1980), 'Brown v. Board of Education and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma', 93 (3), January, Harvard Law Review', 518-33 -- 4 Derrick A. Bell, Jr. (1985), 'The Supreme Court, 1984 Term - Forward: The Civil Rights Chronicles', 99 (3), January, Harvard Law Review' -- 5 Bethany R. Berger (1961), 'Reconciling Equal Protection and Federal Indian Law', California Law Review, 98, 1165-97 -- 6 Alexander M. Bickel (1961), 'The Supreme Court, 1960 Term - Forward: The Passive Virtues', Harvard Law Review, 70, 40-79 -- 7 Charles L. Black, Jr. (1960), 'The Lawfulness of the Segregation Decisions', Yale Law Review, 69, 421-30 -- 8 Maggie Blackhawk (2019), 'Federal Indian Law as Paradigm Within Public Law', Harvard Law Review, 132 (7), May, 1,787-877 -- 9 Paul Brest, (1976), 'Foreword: In Defense of the Antidiscrimination Principle', Harvard Law Review, 90, January, 1-55 -- 10 Archibold Cox (1966), 'The Supreme Court 1965 Term Foreword: Constitutional Adjudication and the Promotion of Human Rights', Harvard Law Review, 80 (1), November, 91-272 -- 11 John Hart Ely (1978), 'Toward a Representation-Reinforcing Model of Judicial Review', Maryland Law Review, 37 (3), 451-87 -- 12 Owen Fiss (1976), 'Groups and the Equal Protection Clause', Philosophy and Public Affairs, 5, 107-77 -- 13 Peter Gabel and Duncan Kennedy (1984), 'Roll Over Beethoven', Stanford Law Review, 1-55 -- 14 Marc Gallanter (1974), 'Why the Haves Come out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change', Law and Society Review, 9, 95-160 -- 15 Risa Goluboff (2001), 'The Thirteenth Amendment and the Lost Origins of Civil Rights', Duke Law Journal, 50, 1609-84 -- 16 Neil Gotanda (1991), 'A Critique of Our Constitution is Color-blind', Stanford Law Review, 44 (1), 1-68 -- 17 Gerald Gunther (1972), 'Foreword: In Search of Evolving Doctrine on a Changing Court: A Model for a Newer Equal Protection', Harvard Law Review, 86, 1-48 -- 18 Charles R. Lawrence III (1987), 'The Id, the Ego, and Equal Protection: Reckoning with Unconscious Racism', Stanford Law Review, 39, 317- -- 19 Ian F. Haney López (1994), 'The Social Construction of Race: Some Observations on Illusion, Fabrication, and Choice', Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 29, 1-62 -- 20 Kenneth L. Karst (1977), 'Foreword: Equal Citizenship Under the Fourteenth Amendment', Harvard Law Review, 91, 1-44 -- 21 Michael Klarman (1991), 'An Interpretive History of Modern Equal Protection', Michigan Law Review, 90, 213-316
    Description / Table of Contents: 22 Corinna Barrett Lain (2012), 'Upside-down Judicial Review', The Georgetown Law Journal, 101, 113-83 -- 23 Mari J. Matsuda (1987), 'Looking to the Bottom: Critical Legal Studies and Reparations', Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 22 (2), 323-400 -- 24 Juan F. Perea (1995), 'Ethnicity and the Constitution: Beyond the Black and White Binary Constitution', William and Mary Law Review, 36, 571-612 -- 25 Christopher Schmidt (2008), 'Brown and the Colorblind Constitution', Cornell Law Review, 94, 203-38 -- 26 Reva Siegel (2003), 'Equality Talk: Antisubordination and Anticlassification Values in Constitutional Struggles over Brown', Harvard Law Review, 117, 1470-3 -- 27 Jacobus tenBroek and Joseph Tussman (1949), 'The Equal Protection of the Laws', California Law Review, 37, 341- -- 28 Mark Tushnet (2000), 'Against Judicial Supremacy', in Taking the Constitution Away From the Courts, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, Chapter 1, 6-32 -- 29 Herbert Wechsler (1959), 'Toward Neutral Principles of Constitutional Law', Harvard Law Review, 73 (1), November, 1-35 -- 30 J. Harvie Wilkinson III (1975), 'The Supreme Court, the Equal Protection Clause, and the Three Faces of Constitutional Equality', 61 (5), Virginia Law Review, 945-1018 -- 31 Patricia J. Williams, 'Alchemical Notes: Reconstructing Ideals from Deconstructing Rights', Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 22 (2), Spring, 401-34 -- 32 Katharine T. Bartlett (1990), 'Feminist Legal Methods', Harvard Law Review, 103, 829-88 -- 33 Mary E. Becker (1987), 'Prince Charming: Abstract Equality', Supreme Court Review, 201-47 -- 34 Ruth Colker (1986), 'Anti-Subordination above All: Sex, Race, and Equal Protection', New York University Law Review, 61, 1003- -- 35 Kimberle Crenshaw (1989), 'Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics', The University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139-67 -- 36 Kimberle Crenshaw (1991), 'Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color', Stanford Law Review, 43, 1241-99 -- 37 David Cruz (2002), 'Disestablishing Sex and Gender', California Law Review, 90, 997-1086 -- 38 Martha Albertson Fineman (1992), 'The Neutered Mother', University of Miami Law Review, 46 (3), 653-69 -- 39 Cary Franklin (2010), 'The Anti-Stereotyping Principle in Constitutional Sex Discrimination Law', New York University Law Review, 85 (1), 83-173 -- 40 Ruth Bader Ginsburg (1975), 'Gender and the Constitution', University of Cincinnati Law Review, 44, 1-42
    Description / Table of Contents: 41 Angela P. Harris (1990), 'Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory', Stanford Law Review, 42, 581-616 -- 42 Pauli Murray (1971), 'Economic and Educational Inequality Based on Sex: An Overview', Valparaiso University Law Review, 5 (2), 237-80 -- 43 Catharine A. MacKinnon (1991), 'Reflections on Sex Equality Under Law', Yale Law Journal, 100, 1281-328 -- 44 Reva B. Siegel (2007), 'Sex Equality Arguments for Reproductive Rights: Their Critical Basis and Evolving Constitutional Expression', Emory Law Journal, 56, 815-42 -- LIBERTY AND EQUALITY - LGBTQ RIGHTS -- 45 William Araiza (2019), 'Animus and Its Discontents', Florida Law Review, 71, 155-216 -- 46 Scott L. Cummings and Douglas NeJaime (2010), 'Lawyering for Marriage Equality', UCLA Law Review, 57, 1235-331 -- 47 William N. Eskridge, Jr. (2000), 'No Promo Homo: The Sedimentation of Antigay Discourse and the Channelling Effect of Judicial Review', NYU Law Review, 75 (5), November, 1327-411 -- 48 Katie Eyer (2018), 'The Canon of Rational Basis Review', Notre Dame Law Review, 93, 1317-70 -- 49 Kenji Yoshino (2011), 'The New Equal Protection', Harvard Law Review, 124, 747-803 -- 50 Frank I. Michelman (1969), 'The Supreme Court, 1968 Term - Foreword: On Protecting the Poor Through the Fourteenth Amendment', Harvard Law Review, 83 (1), November, 7-282 -- 51 Julie A. Nice (2008), 'No Scrutiny Whatsoever; Deconstitutionalization of Poverty Law, Dual Rules of Law, and Dialogic Default', Fordham Urban Law Journal, XXXV (3), 329-35 -- 52 Michael J. Klarman (1996), 'Rethinking the Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Revolutions', Virginia Law Review, 82, 1-67 -- 53 Martha Albertson Fineman (2008), 'The Vulnerable Subject: Anchoring Equality in the Human Condition', Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, 20, 1-23 -- 54 Daryl J. Levinson (2012), 'Rights and Votes', Yale Law Journal, 121, 1286-363 -- 55 Lawrence Gene Sager (1978), 'Fair Measure: The Legal Status of Underenforced Constitutional Norms', Harvard Law Review, 91 (6), April, 1212-64 -- 56 Robert C. Post and Reva B. Siegel (2000), 'Equal Protection by Law: Federal Anti-Discrimination Legislation after Morrison and Kimel', Yale Law Journal, 110, 441-526 -- 57 Robert C. Post and Reva B. Siegel, 'Legislative Constitutionalism and Section Five Power: Policentric Interpretations of the Family and Medical Leave Act', Yale Law Journal, 112 (8), 1943-2059 -- 58 Reva Siegel and Robert Post (2004), 'Popular Constitutionalism, Departmentalism and Judicial Supremacy', California Law Review, 92, 1027-43
    Description / Table of Contents: 59 Rebecca E. Zietlow (2008), 'The Judicial Restraint of the Warren Court (and Why it Matters)', Ohio State Law Journal, 69, 255-94 -- 60 William C. Carter (2007), 'Race, Rights, and the Thirteenth Amendment: Defining the Badges and Incidents of Slavery', UC Davis Law Review, 40, 1311-79 -- 61 Jacobus tenBroek (1951), 'Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States: Consummation to Abolition and Key to the Fourteenth Amendment', California Law Review, 39 (2), June, 171-203 -- 62 Rebecca E. Zietlow (2010), 'Free At Last! Anti-Subordination and the Thirteenth Amendment', Boston University Law Review, 90, 255-312 -- 63 Rebecca E. Zietlow (2016), 'A Positive Right to Free Labor', Seattle University Law Review, 39, 859-99 -- 64 Evan C. Zoldan (2017), 'The Equal Protection Component of Legislative Generality', Richmond Law Review, 51 (2), 489-551
    Note: The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9781800379732
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Urban violence, resilience and security
    DDC: 303.6091732
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Urban violence ; Urban policy ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Developing countries Social conditions ; Developing countries ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; Lateinamerika ; Asien ; Afrika ; Kriminalgeografie ; Stadtsoziologie ; Stadtentwicklung ; Urbanität ; Gewalttätigkeit
    Abstract: "Written in a comprehensive yet accessible style, Urban Violence, Resilience and Security investigates the diverse nature of urban violence within Latin America, Asia and Africa. It further analyzes how regular and irregular governing mechanisms can provide human security, despite the presence of chronic violence. The empirically rich and conceptually grounded contributions of established and emerging scholars evaluate the current state and future trajectory of urban development. They also question common explanations of the drivers of violence in urban areas and also provide measured recommendations for improved policy and future governance. Chapters thoroughly examine the opportunities and hazards of focusing on resilience as the only method to improve security and identify governance and policy practices that can move beyond the rhetoric of resilience to evaluate diverse approaches to attaining human security in urban areas of the Global South. This invigorating book will be an excellent resource for academic researchers interested in urban dynamics in the Global South as well as scholars embarking on geography, human security, political science and policy studies. Based on a set of original case studies, policymakers will also benefit from the questions and challenges to the conventional approaches to urban planning and governance that it raises"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword / Ariel C. Armony -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction to urban violence, resilience and security / Michael R. Glass, Taylor B. Seybolt and Phil Williams -- Part I: Conceptual approaches to urban violence, resilience and security -- 2. Urban violence in the global south: Drug traffickers, gangs, and organized crime / Phil Williams -- 3. Urban resilience for the 21st century / Savannah Cox -- 4. Urban governance in conflict zones: Contentious politics, not "resilience" / Daniel E. Esser -- 5. Building effective and acceptable security-driven urban resilience / Jon Coaffee -- 6. Fragility and pernicious resilience in urban Latin America and the Caribbean / Enrique Desmond Arias -- Part II: Dimensions of urban vulnerability and resilience in the global south -- 7. Feral cities and the normative dimension of violence: Caracas and the Latin American city / Roberto Briceño-León -- 8. Xenophobic violence, displacement, and reintegration: A case study of female migrants in isipingo, durban, South Africa / Kim Gounder and Brij Maharaj -- 9. Shoot first, ask later: Violence and anti-crime policies in Mexico's cuidad juárez and pakistan's karachi / Vanda Felbab-Brown -- 10. Strain between two worlds: A sociological approach to the rise and fall of crime and violence in guatemala city / Daniel Núñez -- 11. Criminal victimization and social resilience in Latin America / Eduardo Moncada -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical eferences and index
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781839104572
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 544 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Elgar handbooks in migration
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Handbook on migration and welfare
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Handbooks, manuals, etc Political aspects ; Welfare state ; Electronic books ; Migration ; Migrationspolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; Wohlfahrtsstaat
    Abstract: "Bringing together prominent scholars in the field, this Handbook provides an interdisciplinary exploration of the complex interrelationship between migration and welfare. Chapters explore the extent to which immigration policy affects - and is affected by - welfare states, from both economic and political perspectives. This Handbook also examines the effects of emigration on sending societies exploring issues such as the impact of remittances, diasporas, and skill deterioration as a result of human capital flight on capacity building and on economic and political development more generally. Contributors draw on both qualitative and quantitative research to illuminate the contours and patterns of this complex relationship. This includes the assumed tension-reducing role of multiculturalist and integration policies, the shaping of native beliefs about migrants by socio-economic constraints and the potential for the extension of social rights to migrants to influence and increase pro-redistributive attitudes. Investigating the drivers of welfare chauvinism and its effects on social trust between native and immigrant groups, the Handbook also provides insights into the latest theoretical and empirical findings regarding the progressive's dilemma, one of the most formidable policy challenges leaders of modern societies face. Breaking new theoretical and empirical ground, this cutting-edge Handbook is essential reading for academics, researchers and students in political science, economics, sociology, social policy and political philosophy, particularly those focused on global migration and changing attitudes to welfare. It will also benefit policymakers looking for new data and pioneering perspectives on immigration policy and the future of welfare states in a changing world economy"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction to the handbook on migration and welfare: The contours of contested concepts / Markus M. L. Crepaz -- Part I: Taking stock: Migration and the state of the welfare state -- 1. Managing migration in modern welfare states: One-size policy does not fit all / Pieter Bevelander and James F. Hollifield -- 2. Economics or politics? Assessing immigration as a challenge to the welfare state / Maureen A. Eger -- 3. Migration, diversity, and the welfare state: Moving beyond attitudes / Patrick R. Ireland -- Part II: Is social homogeneity a precondition for redistribution? -- 4. Why share with strangers? Reflections on a variety of perspectives / Matthew Wright -- 5. The boundaries of generosity: Membership, inclusion, and redistribution / Allison Harell, Will Kymlicka, and Keith Banting -- 6. Immigration and preferences for redistribution: Empirical evidence and political implications of the progressive's dilemma in Europe / Elie Murard -- 7. When does immigration shape support for a universal basic income? The role of education and employment status / Anthony Kevins -- 8. Welfare chauvinist or neoliberal opposition to immigrant welfare? The importance of measurement in the study of welfare chauvinism / Edward Anthony Koning -- 9. Personal and contextual foundations of welfare chauvinism in western Europe / Conrad Ziller and Romana Careja -- Part III: Political institutions and policies as shapers of the welfare-migration context -- 10. Framing matters: Pathways between policies, immigrant integration, and native attitudes / Anita Manatschal -- 11. The politics of multiculturalism and redistribution: Immigration, accommodation, and solidarity in diverse democracies / Keith Banting, Daniel Westlake, and Will Kymlicka -- 12. The politicization of immigration and welfare: The progressive's dilemma, the rise of far-right parties, and challenges for the left / Maureen A. Eger and Joakim Kulin -- 13. Inclusive solidarity? The social democratic dilemma: Between EU rules and supporters' preferences / Zoe Lefkofridi and Susanne Rhein -- 14. Institutional sources of trust resilience in diverse societies: The mitigating role of inclusive and egalitarian welfare state institutions / Elif Naz Kayran and Melanie Kolbe -- 15. Inequality, immigration, and welfare regimes: Untangling the connections / Christel Kesler -- 16. Welfare states and migration policy: The main challenges for scholarship / Frida Bor.ng, Sara Kalm, and Johannes Lindvall -- Part IV: Political culture, migration, and redistribution -- 17. What explains opposition to immigration: Economic anxiety, cultural threat, or both? / Hanna Kleider -- 18. Economic resentment or cultural malaise: What accounts for nativist sentiments in contemporary liberal democracies? / Hans-Georg Betz -- 19. Does contact with strangers matter? / Eric M. Uslaner -- 20. A world to win at work? An integrated approach to meaningful interethnic contact / Katerina Manevska, Roderick Sluiter, and Agnes Akkerman -- 21. Constructing national identity and generalized trust in diverse democracies / Patti Tamara Lenard -- 22. Critically different or similarly critical? The roots of welfare state criticism among ethnic minority and majority citizens in Belgium / Arno Van Hootegem, Koen Abts, and Bart Meuleman -- Part V: The view from the global south: the effects of migration on origin countries -- 23. The janus face of remittances: Do remittances support or undermine development in the global south? / Farid Makhlouf and Oussama Ben Atta -- 24. Tracing the links between migration and food security in Bangladesh / Mohammad Moniruzzaman and Margaret Walton-Roberts -- 25. Migration as a development strategy: Debating the role that migrants and those in diaspora can play / Elizabeth Mavroudi -- 26. The migration-development nexus under scrutiny / Ra.l Delgado Wise -- Index
    Note: Enthält Literaturangaben und Index
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781785363467
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Elgar intellectual property and global development series
    Keywords: Climatic changes ; Sustainable development ; Climatic changes Law and legislation ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Cleantech envisions both global cleantech development and international cleantech transfer as crucial means to address climate change and secure sustainable development for planet earth. The book examines what it takes to attract foreign cleantech and encourage domestic cleantech innovation. The author proposes a pathway for developing countries that includes international aid, mutually beneficial international cleantech cooperation and domestic cleantech innovation. Prior to becoming an academician, the author garnered over eighteen years practical experience as a software engineer and attorney at law. The author has drawn on this experience to examine empirical analysis of factual data such as global R&D data, global patenting data, international surveys concerning cleantech transfer and domestic cleantech innovation and proposes effective solutions to address climate change and achieve sustainable development. This book's interdisciplinary and empirical-based analysis and recommendations will be most valuable to policymakers working in climate change, sustainable development, cleantech development or deployment, intellectual property and innovation policy"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction: A viable pathway for enabling developing countries to attract foreign cleantech and build domestic cleantech innovation -- 2. Concepts and linkages: Global community, climate change, sustainable development, cleantech -- Part I: International cleantech transfer -- 3. International cleantech transfer examined -- Part II: Global cleantech development -- 4. Necessity and reality of global cleantech development -- Part III: A solution -- 5. A proposal for enabling global cleantech development and international cleantech transfer -- 6. International aid for building capacities in developing countries for cleantech importation and innovation -- 7. Mutually beneficial international cleantech collaboration -- 8. Sustainable domestic cleantech innovation by developing countries -- 9. Appraisal of the proposal -- Conclusion - a pathway to global sustainable development, to our shared future -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (teilw. kostenfrei)
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9780857935076
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (648 Seiten)
    Edition: Second edition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schäfer, Hans-Bernd, 1943 - The economic analysis of civil law
    DDC: 346
    Keywords: Rechtsökonomik ; Bürgerliches Recht ; Eigentumsrechtstheorie ; Haftung ; Vertrag ; Gesellschaftsrecht ; Theorie ; Deutschland ; Law and economics Textbooks ; Civil law ; Economic aspects ; Law and economics ; Electronic books ; Deutschland ; Bürgerliches Recht ; Privatrecht ; Ökonomische Theorie des Rechts
    Abstract: "This comprehensive textbook provides a thorough guide to the economic analysis of law, with a particular focus on civil law systems. It encapsulates a structured analysis and nuanced evaluation of norms and legal policies, using the tools of economic theory. Key features include: Examples and cases that illustrate central concepts of the economic analysis of law in relation to civil law doctrines. Examination of the core areas of civil law: tort law, contract law, property law, intellectual property law as well as basic problems of insolvency law and corporate law. In-depth analysis of the legal rules of statutory law and judge-made law, demonstrating the extent to which these rules are either based on economic criteria or run parallel to them - and the extent to which such criteria facilitate the application and further development of law. This substantially revised second edition presents the latest insights into legal economic research, including important empirical and behavioural deliberations. It will be a valuable guide for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of law and economics"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction to the economic analysis of civil law -- Part I: Fundamentals -- 1. Alternative decisions, consequences, and evaluations -- 2. Normative foundations - what is social welfare? Problems of social choice -- 3. Economics, property rights and economic analysis of law -- 4. Homo economicus, behavioural economics, and paternalism -- Part II: Economic analysis of tort law -- 5. Objectives and regulatory problems of tort law, the magic triangle of tort law -- 6. Fault liability and strict liability -- 7. Reciprocal and bilateral damages -- 8. Attribution of damage, causality -- 9. The scope of protection by tort law, liberal rights, pure economic loss, and non-pecuniary damage -- 10. Special problems of tort law: Product liability, environmental liability, compensation for pain and suffering, vicarious liability, limits of civil liability -- Part III: Economic analysis of contract law -- 11. On the economic analysis of contractual freedom and contract law -- 12. The fully specified contract and its reconstruction by default rules -- 13. Complementary contract interpretation, base of the contract, reconstruction of the fully specified contract, and fair distribution of the total surplus from a contract -- 14. Economic analysis of breach of contract, impossibility and delay -- 15. Liability for defects in sales contracts and contracts for work -- 16. Ignorance, trust, opportunism and efficiency -- 17. Legal protection of legitimate expectations in the law of exchange of goods and services -- Part IV: Property rights (absolute rights) -- 18. Concept, function and design of property rights -- 19. The transfer of rights by acquisition in good faith -- 20. Involuntary transaction of property through taking and regulatory taking -- 21. Insolvency and conflicting security interests of creditors -- 22. Incompatible use of land and efficient use of an area -- 23. Intellectual property rights, the generation of innovations -- Part V: Corporate law -- 24. From contract to hierarchy -- 25. Basic structures and problems of company law -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9781800885615
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 pages)
    DDC: 333.72096
    Keywords: Natural resources Management ; Conservation of natural resources ; Conservation of natural resources Government policy ; Political violence ; Environmental policy ; Conservation des ressources naturelles - Politique gouvernementale - Afrique ; Violence politique - Afrique ; Environnement - Politique gouvernementale - Afrique ; Conservation of natural resources - Government policy ; Ecology ; Environmental policy ; Political violence ; Politics and government ; Africa Environmental conditions ; Africa Politics and government ; Afrique - Conditions environnementales ; Afrique - Politique et gouvernement ; Africa ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Offering insights on violence in conservation in Africa, this timely book demonstrates how and why the state pursues conservation objectives to the detriment of its citizens. It focuses on how the dehumanization of black people and indigenous groups, the insertion of global green agendas onto the continent, a lack of resource sovereignty, and neoliberal conservation account for why violence is a permanent feature of conservation in Africa. Chapters uncover various forms of violence experienced on the continent, revealing the local and global conditions that enable them, and propose pathways towards non-violent conservation. The book concludes that the ideology of conservation is also an ideology about people. Crucially, it highlights the implications of increasing investment in violent instruments and the institutionalization of militarized approaches for conservation, the state, and ordinary people. Scholars and students of political ecology and environmental policy and planning will greatly benefit from this book's drawing together of perspectives encompassing green violence and the militarization of conservation. It will also be an invigorating read for African studies researchers looking at coloniality and the re-evaluation of the African state, particularly through the lens of nature conservation
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- Part I: Dimensions of violent conservation in Africa -- 1. Conservation and violence in Africa / Maano Ramutsindela, Frank Matose and Tafadzwa Mushonga -- Part II: The militarization of conservation -- 2. The state and contested natural resources in Africa / Frank Matose, Dina Dabo, Tichayana Konono and Simphiwe Tsawu -- 3. The violence of greening the state in Africa / Emmanuel Mogende and Maano Ramutsindela -- 4. The coloniality of "crisis conservation": The transnationalization and militarization of virunga national park from an historical perspective / Esther Marijnen -- 5. Violent forests, local people and the role of the state in zimbabwe / Tafadzwa Mushonga -- 6. The new turn in the militarization of conservation in cameroon, central Africa / Guy Patrice Dkamela and Samuel Nguiffo -- Part III: Local impact and agency -- 7. 'We just saw the fence': Infrastructural violence, fencing and the legacy of South Africa's bantustan / Amber Abrams -- 8. Postcolonialism, protected areas and basarwa of central kalahari game reserve / Joseph E. Mbaiwa and Olekae T. Thakadu -- 9. Green violence along the value chain of illicit trade / Shaun Cozett -- 10. Transgression and the making of local heroes in Mozambique: The conflict of contested illegality / Nelisiwe L. Vundla -- Part IV: Alternatives -- 11. Protecting (with) mount mabo: Is another form of nature conservation possible? / Anselmo Matusse -- 12. Princess vlei - a story of entangled vitality / Tania Katzschner and Bridget Pitt -- 13. Non-violent conservation: The need and possibilities / Maano Ramutsindela, Tafadzwa Mushonga and Frank Matose -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9781839108501
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (608 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Elgar intellectual property law and practice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schaafsma, Sierd J. Intellectual property in the conflict of laws
    Keywords: Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works ; Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property ; Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886 September 9) ; Conflict of laws Intellectual property ; Conflict of laws ; Intellectual property ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The world of intellectual property (patents, trade marks, copyrights, et cetera) is becoming increasingly international. More and more frequently, disputes about intellectual property have an international character. This inevitably raises questions of private international law: which national court is competent to adjudicate an international dispute of this kind? And which national law should be applied to an international case of this kind? Since the 1990s, the first question in particular has attracted attention; in recent years, the focus has shifted to the second question: which national law is applicable? Opinions differ widely on this matter today. The controversy focuses on the question whether the Berne Convention and the Paris Convention, the two most important treaties on intellectual property, contain a rule that designates the applicable law. In other words: do these treaties contain a 'conflict-of-law rule' as it is called? This question, which concerns nearly all countries in the world, is nowadays considered to be 'heftig umstritten' (fiercely contested) and 'très difficile' (very difficult). And that is where we come across something strange: today it may be fiercely contested whether these treaties contain a conflict-of-law rule, but in the past, for the nineteenth-century authors of these treaties, it was perfectly self-evident that these treaties contained a conflict-of-law rule, namely in the 'principle of national treatment' as it is called. How is that possible? These are the fundamental questions at the heart of this book: does the principle of national treatment in the Berne Convention and the Paris Convention contain a conflict-of-law rule? And if so, why do we no longer understand this conflict-of-law rule today? This book is an English translation of Sierd J. Schaafsma's ground-breaking book, which appeared in Dutch in 2009 (now updated with the most significant case law and legislation). Key features include: -provides deep insight into the current state of affairs in international intellectual property law -extensive analysis on the principle of national treatment in the Berne Convention and the Paris Convention -detailed and authoritative explanation of the applicable law at the intersection of the law of conflicts and intellectual property law"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword -- Introduction to intellectual property in the conflict of laws -- Part I: Genesis of the principle of national treatment -- 1. The birth of the principle of national treatment in copyright law -- 2. The berne principle of national treatment: The genesis of the current article 5(1) -- 3. The perfection of the berne principle of national treatment: The genesis of the current article 5(2) and (3) -- 4. The genesis of the principle of national treatment in the paris convention -- Part II: The principle of national treatment today -- 5. The conflict-of-law rule in the principle of national treatment -- 6. The aliens-law rule in the principle of national treatment -- 7. The scope of the principle of national treatment -- 8. Reformulation and reform -- Bibliography -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781789907407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 pages)
    Series Statement: Elgar research agendas series
    Keywords: Urban tourism ; Environmental impact analysis ; Economic impact analysis ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. This timely Research Agenda explores and proposes critical lines of research to support understanding of the conditions under which urban tourism contributes to the development of urban systems, and what can be done to create and conserve these conditions. Chapters highlight conceptual discussions, concrete case studies and policy reviews to address the issues surrounding the economic, environmental and social impacts of tourism on cities. Analysing the trends that have characterized urban tourism in the past, the Research Agenda looks ahead to those that may influence it in the future, including the impact of Covid-19. Chapters further offer a thorough conceptualization and innovative definitions of the phenomenon of urban tourism. The critical issue of the sustainability of tourism development in cities is also discussed in depth. The Research Agenda provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the urban tourism debate, making it a critical read for urban studies and tourism scholars. The detailed case studies from across four continents will also be beneficial to policymakers and urban planners dealing with tourism development"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- 1. Introduction to a research agenda for urban tourism / Jan van der Borg -- Part I: Urban tourism development -- 2. Urban tourism: Major trends / Bozana Zekan and Karl Wöber -- 3. Urban tourism as a special type of cultural tourism / Greg Richards -- Part II: Urban tourism in an international, comparative perspective -- 4. Smart governance in historic urban destinations - evidence from croatia / Lidija Petrić and Ante Mandić -- 5. Understanding community perception through resident attitude studies: A segmentation analysis in flemish art cities / Bart Neuts and Vincent Nijs -- 6. Tourism in venice: Mapping overtourism and exploring solutions / Nicola Camatti and Dario Bertocchi -- 7. The rotterdam way: A new take on urban tourism management / Shirley Nieuwland, Ewout Versloot and Egbert van der Zee -- 8. New urban developments in a heritage area. A case study of skeppsholmsviken 6 in stockholm, Sweden / Anna-Paula Jonsson and Tigran Haas -- 9. Urban tourism development in Africa: Evidence from addis ababa, Ethiopia / Getaneh Addis Tessema and Ephrem Assefa Haile -- 10. Municipal advancement and tourism policy in the United States: Economic development and urban restructuring / Costas Spirou -- 11. Comparative study on Chinese cities as international tourism destinations / Xiang Feng, Ben Derudder and Hai Xia Zhou -- Part III: Sustainable tourism development policies in cities -- 12. Overtourism - identifying the underlying causes and tensions in European tourism destinations / Ko Koens and Jeroen Klijs -- 13. Is another tourism possible? Shifting discourses in barcelona's tourism politics / Antonio Paolo Russo, Elsa Soro and Alessandro Scarnato -- 14. Post-covid-19 urban tourism research / Sebastian Zenker -- 15. Towards a research agenda for urban tourism. A synthesis / Jan van der Borg -- Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Digital Divide ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Energy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policy ; Oil and Gas ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Due to disruptions in international trade and tourism triggered by the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic, the Tunisian economy contracted by unprecedented levels during 2020. Fortunately, recent data indicates that the economy stabilized during the first quarter of 2021, with quarter-over-quarter (q-o-q) growth no longer in negative territory. In comparison with regional peers, Tunisia experienced a sharper contraction than others, having entered the crisis while already experiencing slow growth, limited fiscal space, and rising debt levels. While the government managed the first phase of the pandemic well from a health standpoint, this early success waned as controls were relaxed later in 2020. A record 13.3 decline in the tradable services sector and a 11.7 percent drop in exports contributed towards the 8.8 percent economic contraction, as weak global demand depressed industrial and tourism exports throughout 2020. As a result, unemployment rose from 14.9 to 17.4 percent, contributing to the wave of protests breaking out around the country on the 10-year anniversary of the Arab Spring. Some of the recent gains made in poverty reduction will be lost because the share of the population vulnerable to falling into poverty increased during 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19 on the economy
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Access of Poor to Social Services ; Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Finance
    Abstract: The twin shocks of the pa ...
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Economic Memorandum
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Education ; Education Finance ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Labor Market ; Labor Mobility ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: This joint Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) and Public Expenditure Review (PER) aims to support the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (GoRMI) to identify a prioritized and sequenced set of reforms to drive increased economic growth, resilience, and fiscal sustainability. The study has two objectives. First, to improve understanding of the challenges, opportunities, and risks to achieving sustainable economic growth and job creation in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). Second, to improve the management of public resources to support long-term economic development, fiscal sustainability, and service delivery. The assessment aims to balance the need for reform to drive higher prosperity and resilience with GoRMI's limited capacity to design and implement reforms and provide public goods and services. The reform priorities identified are also consistent with the RMI's National Strategic Plan 2020-30, which articulates the nation's vision to build a resilient, productive, and self-supportive RMI. This Executive Summary is structured in three sections. The first section provides a brief background to RMI and the structure of the economy. The second section summarizes the key issues and challenges to achieving GoRMI's long-term development objectives under five themes: (i) the management of public finances; (ii) public service delivery; (iii) the fisheries sector; (iv) the labor market and labor mobility; and (v) disaster resilience and climate change. The final section outlines key recommendations under the same five themes
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Commodities ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Gulf Cooperation Council ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and the decline in global oil demand and prices dealt the GCC countries a health crisis and a commodity market shock. The GCC's aggregate GDP contracted by 4.8 percent in 2020 from 2019, with the growth outturns ranging from -3.7 in Qatar to an estimated -6.3 percent in Oman. The authorities responded to the pandemic with stringent health measures which helped contain the spread of the disease and saved lives but hurt economic activity. Following a year of economic distress, the GCC economies are expected to return to growth in 2021, buoyed by the global economic recovery, projected at 5.6 percent (upgraded by 1.5 percentage points from the projection in January 2021), the revival of global oil demand, expected at 96.5 billion barrels per day (from 91 billion barrels per day in 2020), and the rebound in international oil prices to an annual forecast average USD 56 per barrel (now outpaced by an actual average USD 61.45 in January-May 2021). The forecast is for an aggregate GCC GDP growth of 2.2 percent in 2021, roughly tracking the turnaround in high-income countries, with the outcomes ranging from 1.2 percent for the UAE to 2.4 percent for Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Thereafter, economic growth in the GCC is expected to firm up to an annual average 3.3 percent for 2022-23. With rising oil prices in the first half of 2021, a potential upside scenario for the second half of the year sees improved current account balances being channeled directly to public sector savings. Because of the exposure to global oil demand and personal service industries and the continuing effects of the pandemic, downside risks to the outlook are also high. In this issue of the Gulf Economic Update, the focus is on fiscal revenues and structural reforms including strategic investments in digitalization and telecommunications. Strategic investment in advanced telecommunications technologies, including 5G, is underway in the GCC. But beyond capital spending on infrastructure, the telecommunications sector would benefit greatly from improvements in the legal, regulatory, and competition frameworks under which service providers operate
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Digital Divide ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The report reviews the recent developments in the Vietnamese economy and discusses the economy's short- to medium-term prospects, highlighting domestic and external risks associated to the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. A special emphasis is on what Vietnam needs to do to realize its objective of becoming one of the most advanced digital economies in the world while maximizing the benefits from this transformation
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Employment ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immunizations ; Labor Market ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policy ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: After the economic slowdown in 2020, Tajikistan's GDP grew at an annual rate of 8.7 percent in the first half of 2021. According to the Listening-to-Tajikistan (L2T) survey, the social and economic wellbeing of the population severely deteriorated following the outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus), and the country remained far from full recovery at the end of 2020. The strong economic rebound was mainly supported by a continued sharp increase in the export of precious metals, and a pickup in private investment and consumption. The cautious and incremental resumption of air traffic with regional countries allowed migrants to resume traveling abroad and restore the inflow of remittances. Domestic economic activity strengthened as the government gradually relaxed lockdown measures. In the beginning of 2021, Tajikistan adopted a National Deployment and Vaccination Plan (NDVP) and launched it on March 23, 2021, after receiving the first 192,000 doses of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine from COVAX
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: E-Health ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; ICT Applications ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology
    Abstract: The advancement of technology and the exponential growth of data are providing the opportunity to Low Income Countries and Lower Middle-Income Countries to leapfrog and improve quality of care, decision making, the efficient use of resources, while reducing costs and burden of diseases. Recognizing the promise and potential of digital systems, technologies, and data to support the redesign of PHC and solve pernicious healthcare challenges in countries, digital health assessments intend to be an input and the first step towards the digital journey and to plan and prioritize what a country's health system of the future would look like. As expressed in the WHO's Global Digital Health Strategy, approved by WHO member states in 2021, 'Digital health should be an integral part of health priorities and benefit people in a way that is ethical, safe, secure, reliable, equitable and sustainable. It should be developed with principles of transparency, accessibility, scalability, replicability, interoperability, privacy, security and confidentiality.'
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Economic Recovery ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers To Poor
    Abstract: Following the surge in COVID-19 infections in Q3 2021, Malaysia is gradually emerging from the worst wave of the pandemic. As a result, the Malaysian economy is expected to be on a recovery path next year. In the near-term, it is key to ensure that targeted support measures remain in place. The Malaysia Economic Monitor (MEM) consists of two parts. Part 1 presents a review of recent economic developments and a macroeconomic outlook. Part 2 focuses on a selected special topic that is key to Malaysia's medium-term development prospects and to the achievement of shared prosperity
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Climate Change ; Climate Change and Environment ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Economic Recovery ; Environment ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policy ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: After suffering a pandemic-driven slump in 2020, Kazakhstan's economic recovery is on track, having sustained quarterly growth throughout Q3 2021. Reduced COVID-19 cases and the loosening of mobility restrictions support business activities and maintain the rebound in consumer demand. However, annual inflation surged to the highest recorded level since 2016, driven mostly by food price inflation and large-scale disruptions in global supply chains, eroding purchasing power, particularly for lower-income households. We project real GDP growth in the 3.5-4.0 percent range in 2022, although the economy will remain below the pre-pandemic baseline path for the entire forecast horizon. Growth will be supported by robust domestic activity, a supportive fiscal stance, and further progress in vaccination. Despite the improving economic outlook, downside risks remain. The risk of another potential COVID-19 outbreak cannot be ruled out. Rising inflation is another concern and would require a tighter monetary stance, potentially affecting domestic borrowing conditions. Volatile prices and uncertainty over the scale of demand growth for oil are other risks that could weaken the current account and pressure the exchange rate
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Women's Empowerment
    Abstract: Uganda's economy was recovering well, up until the second wave of COVID-19 infections and subsequent lockdown in mid-2021. Since then, activity has rebounded - much like after the first lockdown - but the country is likely to still face a stop-start recovery until there is wider coverage of the COVID-19 vaccine. Notwithstanding this recovery, there has been a rise in poverty and - with the shift back to agriculture for some workers - an increase in household vulnerabilities. We have also seen a widening of inequalities, which have been most severe in the education sector, where schools have now been fully or partially closed for longer than any other country in the world. As a result, Uganda has a long way to go in its quest to build-back-better. Eighteenth Uganda Economic Update includes the special topic of Putting Women at the Center of Uganda's Economic Revival. In line with the structure of earlier editions of the Uganda Economic Update series, this report reviews recent economic developments - with particular attention paid to the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic - provides an outlook for the macro-economy, and then delves into the special topic
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Health Care Services Industry ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Insurance ; Health Policy and Management ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Industry ; Universal Health Care
    Abstract: The Palestinian health system suffers from chronic challenges related to protracted conflict and limited health system inputs, coupled with a high burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD). Over 75 percent of the disease burden is attributable to NCD, particularly cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. While this burden is not particularly different from comparable middle-income settings, the Palestinian health system is not able to effectively control this burden due to its unique political and economic context. Over the past two decades, the health system has evolved to have more of a focus on curative interventions at the hospital level, with less of a priority accorded to preventive interventions at the population level. At the same time, due to financial and governance constraints, the government has not been able to effectively respond to this burden, which necessitates moving towards a patient-centered, integrated model
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Economic Memorandum
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Country Economic Memorandum ; Country Population Profiles ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development
    Abstract: Mozambique has experienced rapid growth for over two decades. Growth accelerated remarkably following the end of the civil war, averaging 7.9 percent over 1993-2015, among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, growth decelerated sharply following the hidden debt crisis in 2016, which led to a crisis of economic governance and a protracted economic slowdown, with growth falling to 3 percent in 2016-2019. The growth slowdown has been further exacerbated by the natural disasters in 2019, the insurgency in Northern Mozambique, escalating since 2017, and the global pandemic since 2020. Mozambique's existing growth strategy has been limited in its capacity to generate productive jobs and support accelerated poverty reduction. However, the discovery of some of the largest natural gas (LNG) reserves in the world is expected to provide Mozambique with a transformative opportunity for sustained and inclusive growth. The Mozambique Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) assesses Mozambique's current growth model and presents a set of recommendations to: (i) make the best use of the non-renewable natural resource revenues, which includes putting in place an adequate policy and institutional framework well ahead of the revenue windfalls from the LNG sector; and (ii) promote growth in non-extractive sectors, accompanied by spatial transformation, and improved agricultural productivity. The report consists of five chapters. Chapter one provides an overview of Mozambique's current growth model, asking what's driving growth and outlining why this model needs rethinking. Chapter two provides analysis of the potential impact of Mozambique's resource boom on GDP, exports, revenue, and employment, and discusses how to make good use of the opportunities and manage the associated risks. Chapter three tells Mozambique's growth story from a spatial perspective. It constructs a unique district-by-district sectoral GDP database to identify the main growth nodes in Mozambique and understand why there is a weak link between growth and poverty reduction. The services sector is the subject of chapter four, exploring how to overcome bottlenecks to deliver on its potential to drive growth in Mozambique. Chapter five continues this theme, examining the challenges posed to private sector growth by weak governance and rising corruption. All five chapters make policy recommendations for the way forward
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