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  • Etang Ndip, Alvin  (5)
  • World Bank  (4)
  • Collier, Paul  (2)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (11)
  • Poverty  (11)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Agricultural Extension ; Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage ; Agricultural Productivity ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Inequality ; Irrigation ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section two describes the state of the rural population in Sudan, by first discussing the spatial distribution of poverty across the states as well as changes in poverty levels between 2009 and 2014-15. It also describes the profile of poor rural households using characteristics such as their incomes, consumption, and assets. Section three focuses on the practice of agriculture in Sudan. It documents the agriculture-specific characteristics of households, such as choice of crops, use of inputs, irrigation, plot size, and credit access. We use these characteristics to illustrate the profile of rural farmers in Sudan and identify differences between poor and non-poor farmers. Section four describes agricultural yields across Sudan and relates these measures of farm productivity to the previously described farm characteristics to identify constraints to agricultural productivity. Section five concludes with a summary of the main findings and policy recommendations
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Environment ; Inequality ; Natural Disasters ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Rainfall ; Resilience
    Abstract: The Sudanese economy has faced several shocks over the years, sometimes resulting in devastating impacts on the economy and the welfare of Sudanese households. The sources of these shocks vary, ranging from weather-related shocks such as droughts and floods to the global financial crisis and commodity price hikes. In the absence of effective social protection programs, exposure of households to frequent shocks lowers their ability to escape poverty, pushing households slightly above the poverty line back into poverty and sliding poor households deeper into poverty. This paper applies this framework to examine the impact of shocks on the welfare of Sudanese households and explore coping strategies typically utilized by households to mitigate the negative effects of shocks. The paper uses the 2009 National Baseline Household Survey (NBHS) and the 2014-15 National Household Budget and Poverty Survey (NHBPS) to document the main types of shocks that Sudanese households are exposed to and describe the profile of Sudanese households likely to be vulnerable and/or resilient to shocks. To complement this analysis, the paper uses the most recent round of the data collected in 2014/15 (containing information on idiosyncratic shocks) together with data on covariate shocks such as rainfall and conflict obtained from other sources to estimate the impact of shocks on household welfare. Since the impact of shocks on household welfare is likely to be multidimensional, various indicators of household welfare such as consumption, poverty status, assets, dietary quality, and diversity are considered in the paper. Results from the analysis are used to highlight the state of social protection in Sudan and discuss the need for an expansion of the existing system
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Energy ; Energy and Poverty Alleviation ; Energy Policies and Economics ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers To Poor ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: This paper investigates the distributional direct welfare impact on households resulting from fuel subsidy removal. Note that this analysis focuses only on the direct distributional impact. A fuller understanding of the impact of fuel subsidies removal involves analyzing the indirect impact as well. Unfortunately, analysis of the distributional effect of fuel subsidies removal or fuel price increases is heavily constrained by the lack of appropriate data in Sudan. We do not have access to the relevant input-output table that describes the number of monetary transfers between sectors of the economy, making it impossible to simulate the indirect effect of fuel price increases on prices in other sectors. Therefore, the estimated impacts in this paper should be considered as the lower bound of the potential impact, as the overall impact will be higher when indirect impacts are factored. The paper is organized as follows. Section two examines the empirical evidence on the impact of fuel subsidy removal. Section three discusses the methodology and data used in this study. Section four presents an analysis of the welfare impact of fuel subsidies removal. Section 5, the conclusion, provides some suggestions on the way forward. The results from this work would inform policy dialogue with the Government of Sudan regarding the overall economic reforms that are being considered for stabilization of the economy
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Education ; Food Security ; Gender ; Incentives ; Inequality ; Labor Market ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Using the most recent household survey data, this paper examines the characteristics of Sudan's labor market as it relates to poverty outcomes. Several important aspects of the labor market are analyzed, including the relationship between labor market indicators and the demographic structure of the population, geographic location, education, and gender. It highlights the significant differences in labor market outcomes depending on the structure and distribution of the population and Sudan's labor market's many challenges across different dimensions, including demography, gender, and geography. The four key messages can be summarized as follows: first, Sudan is at the verge of entering the earl-dividend stage of the demographic transition. Sudan's population, while still very young, is on track to enter into the early-dividend stage of the demographic transition within just a few years, raising the stakes for job creation and investment in human capita. Second, while we find evidence for an increase in employment and labor force participation at the national level, this increase seems to be driven by seasonal labor in agriculture and increasing economic hardship, respectively. In urban areas, however, unemployment increased sharply, especially among youth. And despite the overall increase in employment and labor force participation, Sudan's labor market still underperforms in comparison to its peers. Third, Sudan's labor market is characterized by large gender disparities, including in terms of employment opportunities and pay. Finally, we find no signs of the beginnings of a structural transformation over the time-period author study; agriculture remains the mainstay of a large majority of employed Sudanese. Rather, labor productivity and real wages outside of agriculture declined markedly between 2009 and 2014, especially in sectors with links to the oil economy. The paper offers policy insights to enhance the role of the labor market in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity in Sudan, key among which are 1) encouraging private sector growth, 2) overcoming gender discrimination in the labor market, 3) investing in agriculture and re-storing price incentives, and 4) further expanding access to quality education
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Child Health ; Child Mortality ; Early Child and Children's Health ; Education ; Education Finance ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Primary Education ; Stunting
    Abstract: Sudan's medium-term national development policy framework is embodied in the Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP). The paper was formulated in 2012 in the context of immense political upheaval due to the separation of the North (now Sudan) and South Sudan in 2011, which resulted in substantial loss (about 75 percent) in oil revenue and Sudan's total revenue. To this end, Sudan launched a Five-Year Development Plan (2012-2016) to serve as a growth-oriented strategy with a primary focus on sustainable development and poverty reduction in the medium term. The IPRSP aims to reduce poverty through rapid, sustainable, and shared economic growth. Developing human resources is one of the four broad pillars of the IPRSP, which recognizes the role of investment in human development to build and enhance the population capabilities through education and better health. The Government of Sudan is now preparing the full PRSP that outlines a medium- to long-term plan for poverty reduction. This aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the World Bank Group's twin goals to eliminate extreme poverty (with US1.90 dollars per day as the poverty line) and boost shared prosperity by 2030. The paper proceeds as follows. Section two presents the results of selected education outcomes, linking them with poverty. Section three focuses on the link between health outcomes and poverty in Sudan. Section four provides a summary of the main findings and policy options
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464804410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (164 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education ; GDP ; Gender ; GNI ; Growth ; Income classification ; Infrastructure ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Malnutrition ; MDGs ; Population ; Poverty ; Trade
    Abstract: World Development Indicators 2015 provides a compilation of relevant, highquality, and internationally comparable statistics about global development and the fight against poverty. It is intended to help policymakers, students, analysts, professors, program managers, and citizens find and use data related to all aspects of development, including those that help monitor progress toward the World Bank Group's two goals of ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity. Six themes are used to organize indicators-world view, people, environment, economy, states and markets, and global links. As in past editions, World Development Indicators reviews global progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and provides key indicators related to poverty. WDI 2015 includes: * A selection of the most popular indicators across 214 economies and 14 country groups organized into six WDI themes * Thematic and regional highlights, providing an overview of global development trends * An in-depth review of the progress made toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals * A user guide describing resources available online and on mobile apps A complementary online data analysis tool is available this year to allow readers to further investigate global, regional, and country progress on the MDGs: data.worldbank.org/mdgs. Each of the remaining sections includes an introduction; six stories highlighting specific global, regional or country trends; and a table of the most relevant and popular indicators for that theme, together with a discussion of indicator compilation methodology. WDI DataFinder Mobile App Download the WDI DataFinder Mobile App and other Data Apps at data.worldbank.org/apps. WDI DataFinder is a mobile app for browsing the current WDI database on smartphones and tablets, using iOS, Android, and Blackberry, available in four languages: English, French, Spanish, and Chinese. Use the app to: * browse data using the structure of the WDI * visually compare countries and indicators * create, edit, and save customized tables, charts, and maps * share what you create on Twitter, Facebook, and via email
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9781464802911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (68 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Commitment to equity ; Equity ; Fiscal policy ; Human opportunity index ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Shared prosperity
    Abstract: In 2012, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region continued its successful drive to reduce poverty and build the middle class. Poverty reduction was accompanied by strong income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the population, the World Bank's indicator of shared prosperity. However, the recent economic slowdown and stagnation in inequality decline suggest that future social gains may be more difficult to achieve. Given the modest prospects ahead, the region's poverty reduction strategy needs to focus on restoring growth and preserving macroeconomic stability, while reinforcing the ability of less advantaged groups to participate in and contribute to growth. This report assesses two relevant policy areas: equity of fiscal policy and equal access to basic goods and services for children that open the opportunity for them to lead lives of their choosing. Drawing on results from the Commitment to Equity project, the report shows that fiscal policy remains an underused instrument in terms of level and incidence of taxation and spending. The Human Opportunity Index underscores that opportunities are expanding for children in the region, but large gaps remain in access and quality
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821372238 , 0821372246 , 9780821372234 , 9780821372241
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 78 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Environment and development
    DDC: 339.4/9091724
    Keywords: Environmental health ; Households Economic aspects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Natural resources ; Poverty Environmental aspects ; Environmental health ; Households Economic aspects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Natural resources ; Poverty Environmental aspects ; Environmental health ; Households ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Natural resources ; Poverty
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding poverty-environment linkages at the household level -- Poverty and environmental change at the macro scale -- Environmental management and pathways to household welfare -- Scope of the report -- Some key conclusions -- Local natural resources, poverty, and degradation: examining empirical regularities -- The importance of environmental income to the poor -- Commons as a source of insurance -- The effect of growth on local resource use -- Welfare impacts of degradation -- The role of poverty in environmental change -- Conclusions -- Health outcomes and environmental pathogens -- Theoretical linkages between health outcomes and environmental conditions -- Empirical evidence of linkages between health outcomes and environmental conditions -- How robust are the empirical findings? -- Conclusions and tentative policy implications -- Household welfare and policy reforms -- Selected policy reforms: evidence from case studies -- Challenges and data limitations -- Conclusions -- Directions for change -- Use of local natural resources -- Design principles for improving environmental health -- Better data for monitoring change -- Policy reforms for managing the environment and reducing poverty -- Moving forward.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-74) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821352067
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 267 p) , ill , 25 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 339.4/6/0981091734
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Poverty ; Rural poor ; Economic assistance ; Poverty ; Rural poor ; Economic assistance ; Poverty ; Rural poor
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dollar, David Can the World Cut Poverty in Half?
    Keywords: Developing Countries ; Development Assistance ; Development Goals ; Economic Policies ; Global Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Incidence Of Poverty ; Large Populations ; Low-Income Countries ; Policies ; Policy ; Policy Change ; Population ; Population Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Purchasing Power ; Purchasing Power Parity ; Respect ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Significant Policy ; Workshops ; Developing Countries ; Development Assistance ; Development Goals ; Economic Policies ; Global Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Incidence Of Poverty ; Large Populations ; Low-Income Countries ; Policies ; Policy ; Policy Change ; Population ; Population Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Purchasing Power ; Purchasing Power Parity ; Respect ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Significant Policy ; Workshops
    Abstract: July 2000 - Poverty in the developing world will decline by roughly half by 2015 if current growth trends and policies persist. But a disproportionate share of poverty reduction will occur in East and South Asia, poverty will decline only slightly in Sub-Saharan Africa, and it will increase in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. What can be done to change this picture? More effective development aid could greatly improve poverty reduction in the areas where poverty reduction is expected to lag: Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. Even more potent would be significant policy reform in the countries themselves. Collier and Dollar develop a model of efficient aid in which the total volume of aid is endogenous. In particular, aid flows respond to policy improvements that create a better environment for poverty reduction and effective use of aid. They use the model to investigate scenarios-of policy reform, of more efficient aid, and of greater volumes of aid-that point the way to how the world could cut poverty in half in every major region. The fact that aid increases the benefits of reform suggests that a high level of aid to strong reformers may increase the likelihood of sustained good policy (an idea ratified in several recent case studies of low-income reformers). Collier and Dollar find that the world is not operating on the efficiency frontier. With the same level of concern, much more poverty reduction could be achieved by allocating aid on the basis of how poor countries are as well as on the basis of the quality of their policies. Global poverty reduction requires a partnership in which third world countries and governments improve economic policy while first world citizens and governments show concern about poverty and translate that concern into effective assistance. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study aid effectiveness. The authors may be contacted at pcollierworldbank.org or ddollar@worldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (46 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dollar, David Aid Allocation and Poverty Reduction
    Keywords: Development Efforts ; Domestic Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Elimination Of Poverty ; Emergencies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Level Of Poverty ; Living Standards ; National Policy ; Policies ; Policy Level ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Quantitative Measures ; Recipient Countries ; Respect ; Rule Of Law ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Sectoral Policies ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Sustainable Growth ; War ; Development Efforts ; Domestic Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Elimination Of Poverty ; Emergencies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Level Of Poverty ; Living Standards ; National Policy ; Policies ; Policy Level ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Quantitative Measures ; Recipient Countries ; Respect ; Rule Of Law ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Sectoral Policies ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Sustainable Growth ; War
    Abstract: In the efficient allocation of aid, aid is targeted disproportionately to countries with severe poverty and adequate policies. For a given level of poverty, aid tapers in with policy reform. In the actual allocation of aid, aid tapers out with reform. - Aid now lifts about 30 million people a year out of absolute poverty. With a poverty-efficient allocation, the same amount of aid would lift about 80 million people out of poverty. Collier and Dollar derive a poverty-efficient allocation of aid and compare it with actual aid allocations. They build the poverty-efficient allocation in two stages. First they use new World Bank ratings of 20 different aspects of national policy to establish the current relationship between aid, policies, and growth. Onto that, they add a mapping from growth to poverty reduction, which reflects the level and distribution of income. They compare the effects of using headcount and poverty-gap measures of poverty. They find the actual allocation of aid to be radically different from the poverty-efficient allocation. In the efficient allocation, for a given level of poverty, aid tapers in with policy reform. In the actual allocation, aid tapers out with reform. In the efficient allocation, aid is targeted disproportionately to countries with severe poverty and adequate policies - the type of country where 74 percent of the world's poor live. In the actual allocation, such countries receive a much smaller share of aid (56 percent) than their share of the world's poor. With the present allocation, aid is effective in sustainably lifting about 30 million people a year out of absolute poverty. With a poverty-efficient allocation, this would increase to about 80 million people. Even with political constraints introduced to keep allocations for India and China constant, poverty reduction would increase to about 60 million. Reallocating aid is politically difficult, but it may be considerably less difficult than quadrupling aid budgets, which is what the authors estimate would be necessary to achieve the same impact on poverty reduction with existing aid allocations. This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Director, and Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine aid effectiveness. The authors may be contacted at pcollierworldbank.org or ddollar@worldbank.org
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