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  • de Mello, Luiz  (6)
  • Blöndal, Jón R.  (4)
  • Castro, Francisca
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (12)
  • Chile  (10)
  • Finland  (2)
  • 1
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    La procédure budgétaire au Chili (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 7-49
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 44 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Budgeting in Chile
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 7-49
    Keywords: Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: En juin 2003, la direction du budget du ministère chilien des finances a demandé à l’OCDE de procéder à un examen de la procédure budgétaire du Chili, selon des modalités analogues à celles qui s’appliquent aux pays membres. L’OCDE a satisfait à cette requête, parce que le Chili a depuis longtemps le statut d’observateur au sein du Groupe de travail des Hauts responsables du budget et en raison du vif intérêt exprimé par les membres du Groupe à l’égard des pratiques budgétaires chiliennes.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v4-art8-fr
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  • 2
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    Encouraging Labour Force Participation in Chile (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.608
    Keywords: Economics ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile’s labour force participation is low by comparison with most countries in the OECD area, especially among females and youths. In the case of women, labour supply has risen steadily over time for prime-age and older individuals, against a background of relative stability for men. With regards to youths, participation rates are trending down, primarily as a result of rising school enrolment, especially for males, while remaining fairly low and stable over the years for young females. The main policy challenge in this area is to raise female labour supply further, for both prime-age individuals and youths, as a means of making a better use of labour inputs in support of long-term growth. This can be achieved essentially by removing provisions in the labour code that constrain the allocation of working time and by improving access to affordable child care for mothers with young children. Policies aimed at fostering human capital accumulation for the population as a whole would also contribute, because educational attainment is one of the most powerful determinants of labour force participation. This paper relates to the 2007 Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile).
    DOI: 10.1787/242103851837
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  • 3
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    Managing Chile's Macroeconomy during and after the Copper Price Boom (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.605
    Keywords: Economics ; Chile
    Abstract: Compliance with the structural budget surplus rule, which has been in place since 2001, has allowed the government to maintain a counter-cyclical fiscal stance in an environment of rising copper prices, while delivering a gradual reduction in public indebtedness. Monetary policy is conducted within a framework that combines inflation targeting with exchange-rate flexibility. A Fiscal Responsibility Law was promulgated in September 2006, strengthening the macroeconomic framework further by embedding the fiscal rule in law and setting out regulations for the use of fiscal savings. Complementary pension reform is being discussed in Congress with the objective of strengthening the pension system’s solidarity pillar and encouraging retirement saving. The tax system is also being improved with a view to removing obstacles to financial deepening and to business-sector development. Government spending on social programmes is budgeted to rise considerably, in line with the authorities’ emphasis on social development. The main challenge in the macroeconomic area is to maintain the policy setting that has served Chile so well over the recent copper-price upswing, while tempering demands for hiking public social spending and maintaining a lean public sector in a low-tax, low-debt environment. This paper relates to the 2007 Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile).
    DOI: 10.1787/242135544660
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  • 4
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    Tackling Business and Labour Informality in Chile (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.607
    Keywords: Economics ; Chile
    Abstract: Informality often arises from disincentives associated with high taxes and a restrictive regulatory framework in both labour and product markets. About 20% of the Chilean population aged 15 years and above and working at least 20 hours per week did not have a formal labour contract in 2006. At the same time, nearly 11% of the potential value added tax base is estimated to have been undeclared in 2005. While Chile’s tax system is not particularly burdensome to business formality, there is scope for making product-market regulations less onerous to firms and the labour code more flexible, especially with regards to indefinite contracts and the allocation of working time. Low human capital remains an important obstacle to reducing labour informality. To the extent that informal businesses also hire informally, there is some room for designing policies to tackle business informality in conjunction with those aimed at boosting formal labour contracting. Chile is strengthening its social safety net through the introduction of unemployment insurance and by reforming existing health insurance and pension systems. An important policy question is whether the incentives for formality arising from more comprehensive social protection will be strong enough to compensate for the additional costs these contributory programmes entail. This paper relates to the 2007 Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile).
    DOI: 10.1787/242111325372
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  • 5
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    Monetary Policy and Macroeconomic Stability in Latin America : The Cases of Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.545
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Mexico
    Abstract: In 1999, new monetary policy regimes were adopted in Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico, combining inflation targeting with floating exchange rates. These regime changes have been accompanied by lower volatility in the monetary stance in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, despite higher inflation volatility in Brazil and Colombia. This paper estimates a conventional New Keynesian model for these four countries and shows that: i) the post-1999 regime has been associated with greater responsiveness by the monetary authority to changes in expected inflation in Brazil and Chile, while in Colombia and Mexico monetary policy has become less counter-cyclical, ii) lower interest-rate volatility in the post-1999 period owes more to a benign economic environment than to a change in the policy setting, and iii) the change in the monetary regime has not yet resulted in a reduction in output volatility in these countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/285851107845
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  • 6
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    Budgeting in Chile (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 7-45
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La procédure budgétaire au Chili
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 7-45
    Keywords: Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: In June 2003, the Budget Office of the Ministry of Finance of Chile requested the OECD to carry out a review of the Chilean budgeting system in a similar fashion as it does for its member countries. The OECD responded positively to this request, recognising that Chile is an established observer of the OECD Working Party of Senior Budget Officials and recognising the strong interest in the Chilean budgeting system expressed by members of the Working Party.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v4-art8-en
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  • 7
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    Fostering Innovation in Chile (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.454
    Keywords: Economics ; Chile
    Abstract: A good framework for investment in innovation can contribute to increasing Chile’s growth potential. Spending on R&D is currently low in relation to GDP and heavily reliant on government financing. Innovation activity in the business sector is also limited by insufficient seed and venture capital and human capital constraints. This is despite several favourable framework conditions, including a stable macro-economy, liberal foreign trade and investment regimes, and reasonably pro-competition regulations in product markets. The government intends to increase public spending on R&D, to be financed by revenue from the mining tax introduced in May 2005, and to create a National Innovation Council. The effectiveness of these measures will depend largely on the extent to which they will boost business-financed innovation consistent with Chile’s comparative advantages. This Working Paper relates to the 2005 OECD Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile).
    DOI: 10.1787/835465402444
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  • 8
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    Strengthening Regulation in Chile : The Case of Network Industries (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.455
    Keywords: Economics ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile’s regulatory framework is working reasonably well. The country’s structural reforms since the 1980s, with the privatisation of utilities and deregulation of product and labour markets, have improved resource allocation and increased the population’s access to basic services, while calling for a comprehensive upgrading of regulatory institutions. At the same time, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are contributing to closing Chile’s infrastructure deficit, particularly in transport. The recurrent cuts in shipments of natural gas from Argentina since 2004 have put additional strain on regulation in the electricity sector to encourage investment in generation and ensure the security of supply. This paper reviews regulatory reform in three network industries (electricity, gas and telecoms), where further liberalisation, particularly in electricity retailing, and improvements in the regulation of telecoms would do much to further improve the business climate. The governance of public-private partnerships can be improved by increasing transparency and accountability in the concession process. In doing so, the government’s exposure to contingent liabilities can be contained. This Working Paper relates to the 2005 OECD Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile).
    DOI: 10.1787/831502583012
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  • 9
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    Budgeting in Finland (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 119-152
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La procédure budgétaire en Finlande
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 119-152
    Keywords: Governance ; Finland
    Abstract: The budget is the most fundamental and important document of governments. It is the key economic document in that it allocates a significant share of a nation’s gross domestic product, over half in some OECD member countries. It is the key program policy document in that governments establish their policy priorities in concrete terms in the budget through the allocation of funding. It is the key management document in that the basic operational aspects of government ministries and agencies are established in the context of the budget. Furthermore, the budget provides the basic architecture for overall decision-making and accountability in government. This architectural design has a significant impact on overall government performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v2-art12-en
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  • 10
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    La procédure budgétaire en Finlande (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 135-173
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 41 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Budgeting in Finland
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 135-173
    Keywords: Governance ; Finland
    Abstract: Le budget est le plus fondamental et le plus important de tous les documents du gouvernement. Sur le plan économique, c’est le document primordial dans la mesure où il répartit une part appréciable (plus de la moitié dans certains pays membres) du Produit intérieur brut d’une nation. C’est également le document programmatique majeur car c’est dans le budget que les gouvernements fixent concrètement leurs priorités par le biais de la répartition des masses financières. Il constitue le document primordial du point de vue de la gestion puisque c’est dans le contexte du budget que les aspects opérationnels essentiels des ministères et des agences sont déterminés. Le budget représente en outre l’architecture de base des décisions et des prises de responsabilité au sein du gouvernement. Le dessein de cette archi tecture a une incidence signif icative sur la performance gouvernementale dans son ensemble...
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v2-art12-fr
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  • 11
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    Le régime de retraite chilien (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 129-151
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 24 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Chilean Pension System
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 129-151
    Keywords: Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: L’introduction au Chili, au début des années 80, d’un régime de retraite privé reposant sur des comptes d’épargne retraite individuels, a attiré l’attention du monde entier. Cette réforme – ainsi que d’autres changements structurels favorisant les mécanismes du marché – et la nette amélioration des résultats de l’économie chilienne ont conduit de nombreux observateurs à conclure qu’il existait un lien direct entre tous ces facteurs, compte tenu notamment de l’augmentation de l’épargne intérieure des ménages générée par ce nouveau régime de retraite.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v1-art7-fr
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  • 12
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    The Chilean Pension System (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 117-137
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le régime de retraite chilien
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 117-137
    Keywords: Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: The introduction in the early 1980s of a privately managed pension system in Chile, based on individual capital accounts, has attracted world-wide attention. This reform – as well as other market oriented structural changes – and the significant improvement in Chilean economic performance has led many observers to conclude a direct link, especially through the rise in private domestic savings generated through the new pension system.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v1-art7-en
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