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  • International Finance Corporation  (232)
  • Anderson, Kym  (39)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (270)
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press  (1)
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  • 101
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Belize covers the period from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2022 (FY18-22). It presents the World Bank Group's (WBG) program and the anticipated results framework. It builds on the results and lessons of Belize's first Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) that covered the period FY12-15. This CPF is well aligned with the Government's long-term development vision, Horizon 2030: National Development Framework 2010-2030, and the thematic priorities emerging from the 2016 Belize Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD). The overarching goal of the proposed CPF is to support Belize in strengthening its economic resilience. Recognizing the special characteristics of a small state with associated capacity and absorptive constraints, the CPF proposes a consolidated and focused program. This will be the second full strategy for Belize, with the engagement still maturing, and it factors in lessons from the implementation of the first strategy. Therefore, the CPF will retain flexibility in some elements of the engagement that will be further defined with the Government during implementation. The Performance and Learning Review (PLR) at mid-point will incorporate necessary adjustments including in the Results Framework. The CPF is organized around two focus areas: (a) fostering climate resilience and environmental sustainability; and (b) promoting Financial Inclusion and social resilience. To support these focus areas, the CPF envisages the implementation of a program that could reach up to US
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  • 102
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Nigeria is an entrepreneurial economy with an estimated thirty seven million Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) in the country, and their contribution to economic growth and job creation is significant. There are also a large number of self-employed entrepreneurs who support themselves and their families by supplying goods and services to the economy. Many of these businesses have the potential to become bigger and more prosperous, but their growth is restricted for a variety of reasons. Access to finance has been singled out as a crucial prerequisite to the growth of these businesses. This report identified collateral as the missing link between the small-scale business sector and the financial institutions that could provide the necessary capital for them to grow. This means formal lending is virtually inaccessible for these small businesses and entrepreneurs, who instead rely on informal, unregulated, and unpredictable credit in order to expand their operations. To improve access to finance and promote inclusive economic growth, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), in partnership with the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group and the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets, has established the National Collateral Registry and is supporting the development of a modern credit reporting system in Nigeria. This new financial infrastructure will allow for increased use of moveable and reputational collateral to make it possible for more MSMEs to access financing through the formal sector
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  • 103
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: International Finance Corporation (IFC) defines inclusive business models (IBM) as enterprises that help expand access to goods, services, and livelihood opportunities to those at the base of the pyramid in commercially viable, scalable ways. The context of India - poor health indicators, a globalized economy, the government's willingness to work with the private sector, and recognition of the poor as clients rather than beneficiaries - has led to the emergence of inclusive business models in the Indian economy. A number of for-profit and not-for-profit organizations have emerged as inclusive business models in India. Also, many organizations work with the government to provide healthcare services through public-private partnership (PPP) models. This IFC and Wadhwani Initiative for Sustainable Healthcare (WISH) study provides an overview of the landscape of inclusive business models in the healthcare sector. It includes challenges they face, strategies they adopt to succeed, and suggestions on how the ecosystem can enable and facilitate their growth
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  • 104
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Abstract: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are vital to Vietnam's economic growth, accounting for more than 98 percent of all business, 40 percent of Gross domestic product (GDP), and 50 percent of total employment. The number of SMEs grew by around 100,000 in 2016, encouraged in part by increased government efforts to facilitate new business. Vietnam's women own 95,906 or about 21 percent of formal enterprises. Vietnam has fewer differences between the legal statuses of men and women. However, most banks have yet to consider adopting strategies that cater to women-owned SMEs. Even when women entrepreneurs do qualify for a bank loan, they tend to receive less than what they asked for, and lower amounts than men. This report reframes these and other perceived challenges of serving this segment as an opportunity for banks and other service providers to capture a growing market of savvy businesswomen who seek better services to grow their firms. By recognizing the needs of business women and demonstrating a more nuanced approach to serving them, this report makes the case that championing rather than dismissing women's preferences can in fact make a big difference in terms of customer acquisition and sales volumes over time
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  • 105
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Abstract: Rapid urbanization in emerging markets has created new challenges for economic development and poverty reduction. The need for more buildings, transport and other infrastructure has boosted demand for construction materials and especially cement, making it the centerpiece of the urban development agenda. In Sub-Saharan Africa, consumption of cement is expected to continue to grow over the coming decade. To meet this demand, over a dozen new kilns were launched in Africa in recent years. At the same time, increasing output poses challenges for cement producers, who invest significantly in sourcing energy and fuel, primarily coal or natural gas. An alternative approach is to improve efficiency and implement new technologies, such as waste heat recovery and renewable energy, and utilize alternative fuels, which are already used by major players in the cement sector globally. In IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, we have an investment portfolio in cement and construction materials of over USD 4.2 billion, and vast global experience in developing innovative solutions and leveraging best practices. For instance, we identify waste heat recovery opportunities as well as international best practices in the use of alternative fuels at cement plants. This report summarizes the outcomes of the assessment of alternative fuel opportunities in the country, with a focus on sourcing energy from municipal, commercial and similar waste, tires, sewage sludge and agricultural residue. It outlines the total potential as well as possible project models, involving linkages between the cement and waste management sectors. IFC has also assessed market barriers and offered measures that will increase the uptake of the use of alternative fuels
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  • 106
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: The principal outcome of the tax reform implemented in recent years in the Republic of Tajikistan is the reduction of administrative burden on the private sector associated with compliance with tax legislation through simplified tax procedures and less time required to pass these procedures. The International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global development institute, which is focused on support to the private sector in emerging economies. The objective of the IFC Central Asia Tax Project is to improve compliance with mandatory requirements of tax legislation through better transparency and simplification of tax administration procedures. IFC through its technical assistance tax reforms projects, has conducted a series of studies, which allow to monitor the tax system reforming processes in Tajikistan. The main goal of the studies was a periodic assessment of time and costs of taxpayers in Tajikistan to comply with the mandatory requirements of the tax legislation. As part of the study, three rounds of measurements were performed, where the tax administration costs of the Tajik taxpayers were assessed at a regular time span - in 2012, 2014, and 2016. This report presents the results of all three rounds of business environment surveys in the area of tax regulation. It includes the estimates of tax accounting costs of taxpayers in Tajikistan in 2012, 2014, and 2016
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  • 107
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Solving the liquidity management challenge is one of the next big issues facing mobile money providers around the world. In Kenya, 20 percent of m-pesa customers report that they cannot withdraw money from an m-pesa agent. In 70 percent of those cases, the retail agent did not have sufficient funds. Nonetheless, more than 98 percent of m-pesa customers are happy with the solution. This suggests that even though there are liquidity problems, the customers are willing to look past that - at least for the time being - because of the overall value they perceive from the mobile money solution. Liquidity management takes two forms: management of electronic value in the mobile wallet and cash management. It is becoming more common for electronic liquidity to be handled not only by the retail agents, but also by the master agents. Technology is also being developed to help the master agents and the mobile financial services provider (MFSP) manage liquidity
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  • 108
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The quest for an alternative development model that underlies Moldova's National Development Strategy (NDS), Moldova 2020, is a recognition that the two main drivers of economic growth and poverty reduction since the early 2000s are no longer sustainable. Growth was powered largely by consumption, and poverty reduction mainly by remittances and pensions. Since neither are expected to continue, future growth and poverty reduction will need to be driven increasingly by private sector-led job creation. Moreover, given the country's vulnerability to changes in external demand and weather shocks, due to its small size, open economy, and reliance on agriculture, Moldova's future development path will also need to include measures to renew and protect its human, physical, and social capital stock. Against this background, the main purpose of the FY18-21 Country Partnership Framework (CPF) is to support Moldova's transition towards a new, more sustainable and inclusive development and growth model. It is grounded in the NDS, takes into account outcomes of the FY14-17 Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), and incorporates the three topmost priorities of the recent Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), namely: (a) strengthening the rule of law and accountability in economic institutions; (b) improving inclusive access to and the efficiency and quality of public services; and (c) enhancing the quality and relevance of education and training for job-relevant skills. These three priorities define and inform the CPF's three focus areas: economic governance, service governance, and skills development, which are supplemented by climate change, a World Bank Group corporate priority, as a cross-cutting theme. The CPF incorporates key lessons learned during the last CPS, that political instability and governance challenges slow the pace of reform and that frequent personnel changes affect portfolio performance. Further, it assumes that the economic, political, and social stability experienced since January 2016 will continue at least until parliamentary elections in November 2018. Given that Moldova's post-election political orientation, policy environment, and stability are uncertain, only the first half of the CPF (FY18-19) is programmed. Activities for the second half (FY20-21) will be defined during the FY19 Performance and Learning Review (PLR)
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  • 109
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets out the World Bank Group's (WBG) strategy in Madagascar for the period of FY17-FY21. As the country has emerged from a political crisis, the CPF supports the Government's goal of generating a higher, inclusive and sustainable growth path to reduce poverty, as presented in its 2015-2019 National Development Plan (NDP). The expanded resources and the larger range of instruments available under IDA18 enable the WBG to support the Government in putting the country on a higher development trajectory, by investing at scale in a few areas that could unlock Madagascar's development. Success in achieving ambitious goals, such as doubling the rate of electricity access, will hinge on the authorities' ability to sustain reforms while addressing some of the causes of the country's cyclical instability. The program proposed under this CPF seeks to increase the resilience of the most vulnerable people and to promote inclusive growth, while strengthening national and local institutions so as to reduce fragility. Risks to achieving those objectives continue to be substantial and will require the WBG to adopt a flexible approach. First, the nascent rebound in economic growth has not yet been felt by a large majority of the population. The depth of poverty is also such that extreme climate events could quickly reverse the small gains achieved since 2014 and fuel social tensions. Second, presidential elections are expected to take place in late 2018. They could generate a slowdown in the adoption of reforms and lead to a rise in political tensions. Recent crises have occurred around elections and thus the possibility of another crisis cannot be excluded. Finally, it remains to be seen if the Government will be able to address the roots of the country's fragility and change the bargain between the elites and the rest of the population, including by creating a more level playing field for the private sector. These risks will require the WBG to monitor closely the country context and be ready to adapt its approach throughout the CPF period
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  • 110
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Solomon Islands is a small, remote archipelago in the South Pacific that faces a fairly unique set of development challenges. Solomon Islands is now at a critical juncture in its development trajectory. Neither the economic geography nor the present political economy of Solomon Islands is particularly conducive to the establishment of state institutions capable of managing upcoming socioeconomic change. Because of the weaknesses of state institutions, and consistent with Solom on Islands' historical experience, a variety of non-state and international actors will need to play important roles in managing upcoming and potentially risky socioeconomic change. This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Solomon Islands identifies key challenges and opportunities for achieving inclusive and sustainable growth, to accelerate progress toward the World Bank Group's twin goals of reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity
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  • 111
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Thirty years after the launch of the economic reforms known as Doi Moi, Vietnam is considered a development success story-marked by remarkable poverty reduction and economic growth. Notwithstanding notable achievements, development challenges persist. The last World Bank Group (WBG) country strategy for Vietnam, the FY12-16 Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), was presented to the WBG Board of Directors on December 15, 2011.The Vietnam Country Partnership Framework (CPF) covers the period FY18-22. It has been prepared based on analysis and conclusions in Vietnam 2035: Toward Prosperity, Creativity, Equity, and Democracy (Vietnam 2035)1 and in the 2016 Vietnam Systematic CountryDiagnostic (SCD), and informed by the CPS Completion and Learning Review (CLR) and the 2016 Client Survey. The CPF is fully aligned with the Government of Vietnam's (GoV) 2010-20 Socio-Economic Development Strategy (SEDS) and the recent 2016-20 Socio-Economic Development Plan (SEDP). The CPF responds to priorities for support expressed by the government and builds on the WBG's comparative advantage.The CPF is prepared at a critical juncture in Vietnam's development and at a time of transition. FY18 represents a new period in GoV-WBG relations as Vietnam graduates from the International Development Association (IDA) at end-FY17. Moreover, success raises expectations-Vietnam has high ambitions for further development and growth, aspiring to modernity, industrialization, and a better quality of life.The CPS has three pillars: (i) strengthen Vietnam's competitiveness in the regional and global economy; (ii) increase sustainability of the country's development; and (iii) broaden access to economic and social opportunity, supported by three cross-cutting themes: (a) strengthen governance, (b) promote gender equality, and (c) improve resilience related to external economic and climatic shocks
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  • 112
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Three key characteristics help shed light on Chile's development performance. First, strong institutions and sound macroeconomic policies have contributed to long-term economic growth. Second, market-oriented policies have boosted growth through productivity-enhancing reforms and helped improve the design of public services and social policy. Third, as the world's biggest copper producer and exporter, Chile is characterized by commodity dependence. These characteristics have helped the government achieve an average annual growth rate of almost 5 percent over the last 30 years, while reducing the poverty rate to less than 8 percent. Chile's middle class is one of the largest in Latin America; yet, inequality remains substantial. Economic development has led to a steep increase in life expectancy and a decline in fertility rates. Indeed, though relatively less than other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Chile is advanced in the demographic transition, which pose important challenges to economic growth and labor productivity
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  • 113
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Good Practice Handbook on the Use of Security Forces: Assessing and Managing Risks and Impacts has been developed for IFC clients and other private sector companies and their consultants. The handbook provides practical, project-level guidance for companies to better understand and implement the requirements outlined in Performance Standard 4. Chapters focus on risk assessment, managing private security, managing the relationship with public security, preparing a security management plan, and assessing allegations or incidents related to security personnel. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 114
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In recent years, banks in Pakistan and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have become increasingly interested in targeting the small and medium enterprise (SME) sector and have realized that many small businesses demand Shariah-compliant banking. To provide clarity on the subject, International Finance Corporation (IFC) commissioned a study to better understand the demand and supply for Islamic banking products (both asset and liability products as well as other banking services) in the SME sector in Pakistan. This report on Pakistan reveals a new to bank Islamic funding and depository opportunity, primarily due to un-served and underserved SMEs (approximately 20 percent to 25 percent), who do not borrow from conventional banks due to religious reasons. In order to reach out to SMEs demanding Islamic products, and as part of IFC's initiative to enhance its SME investment and advisory services offerings to Islamic financial institutions, one needed to better understand the market from both the demand and supply sides in order to identify any gaps or niches where IFC can assist and add value. IFC commissioned a study in nine countries of the MENA region, which includes Pakistan, to better understand the demand and supply for Islamic banking products (both asset and liability products and other banking services) in the SME sector. The countries chosen for this study are: (1) Iraq, (2) Pakistan, (3) Yemen, (4) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, (5) Egypt, (6) Lebanon, (7) Morocco, (8) Tunisia, and (9) Jordan. This regional executive summary provides a comparative analysis of the SME potential across these countries and the opportunities available to Islamic institutions to tap this potential. The nine individual country reports provide a deeper insight into the SME landscape and potential opportunities for Islamic banks in each country. The reports also highlight the measures that banks may need to take to successfully target the Islamic banking potential of SMEs. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 115
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Abstract: The mapping of the production and export supply chain of cheese has been implemented within the framework of the International Finance Corporation's (IFC) Armenia Investment Climate Reform Project, which is implemented by the Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice of the World Bank Group (WBG), in partnership with Austria's Federal Ministry of Finance and Hungarian Partnership Funding/Hungary EXIM Bank, at the request of the Ministry of Economic Development and Investments and the Development Foundation of the Republic of Armenia
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  • 116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The objective of this research is to provide analysis on the current skills ecosystem in Moldova. This assessment is based on interviews with private sector representatives, training providers and government representatives, and desk research. The report presents its findings on skills demand and skills mismatches, the private sector's human resource management (HRM) practices and workforce development approaches, the education system and workforce training, and possibilities to strengthen future skills-forecasting practices in Moldova. The research is intended to provide ideas for strengthening structured private-sector engagement in skills development activities in the future to ensure the prevalence of demand-led and demand-responsive skills development initiatives. Additional information on the relevant legal framework governing labor and education, sectoral and education committees, and an overview of the education structure in Moldova, is provided in annexes to this report. Six sectors were selected for analysis based on their contribution to the Moldovan GDP (at the stage of the inception report), their shares of employment and exports, the registered number of SMEs, and their potential for growth. This report provides key findings from consultations across these six sectors. Detailed reports for each of the six sectors are available as a separate document. Secondary data and research included open online sources, including the website of the National Bureau of Statistics
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  • 117
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: This country partnership framework (CPF), prepared jointly by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) presents the World Bank Group's (WBG's) program for Togo during the period FY17 through FY20. The CPF is aligned with the Government of Togo's forthcoming national development plan (PND) for 2018-2022, which focuses on forging a solid, stable democratic nation with strong, sustainable, inclusive growth; equitable access to good-quality social services; and respect for the environment. The overarching objective of the CPF is to help pave the way to more inclusive and sustainable growth in Togo, led both by a more dynamic private sector and more effective government policies, public investments, and services. The WBG's strategy under the CPF emphasizes strengthening governance, including strengthening institutions and accountability, as a cross cutting theme integrated in three focus areas: (i) private sector performance and job creation; (ii) inclusive public service delivery; and (iii) environmental sustainability and resilience. The CPF seeks to take full advantage of the new International Development Association (IDA) 18 architecture and increased support for fragile states to scale up WBG support and promote joint IDA and IFC support. The CPF also seizes on a window of opportunity to support the government's ambitious efforts to stabilize the macroeconomic framework and mitigate fiscal risks, a prerequisite for sustainable growth
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  • 118
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Abstract: The objectives of the analysis presented in this report are to: 1) affirm the existing estimates of small hydropower technical potential and assess the economic viability of small hydropower plant (SHPP) sites in the Kyrgyz Republic, 2) estimate the fiscal or financial support that would be required to foster SHPP development in the short- and longer-term; and 3) analyze the legal and regulatory framework for SHPPs, including challenges and barriers for private investors
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  • 119
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This preparatory World Bank paper on tourism and gender explains the rationale for integrating a gender lens into tourism development projects. It also includes a set of resources designed to help development professionals and project managers get started and find necessary data. This paper paves the way for more in-depth operational research and data collection on what works for empowering women in the tourism sector
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  • 120
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Cement is paramount for economic development and poverty reduction in emerging markets. Along with aggregates and water, cement is the key ingredient in the production of concrete, and, as such, is an essential construction material that enables large infrastructure projects in energy, water, and transport, as well as, importantly, the construction of modern buildings and urban infrastructure. Given the rapid urbanization rates in developing countries, cement is crucial for delivering on the climate-smart cities agenda. Emerging markets have been rapidly increasing their cement use and now account for over ninety percent of cement consumption worldwide. This report and an accompanying report on alternative fuels provide a summary of international best practice experience in the cement sector and focus on specific technical measures that could be implemented by cement plants to reduce their operating costs and improve their carbon footprints. The reports provide a plethora of practical information from implemented projects and include detailed technical descriptions, capital and operating costs, and case studies and references from locations where the measures have been implemented. A combination of general and in-depth information will make these reports a helpful read to both management and technical and operating personnel of cement plants as well as to a larger range of stakeholders
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  • 121
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The focus of this paper is on sustainable tourism's wider benefits, it is important to acknowledge that there are tradeoffs involved. Like other economic activities, tourism both gives and takes from communities and travelers. When it is poorly planned, tourism can negatively impact cities, parks, and historic monuments, and put severe pressure on local infrastructure, resident communities, and their resources. When properly planned and managed, sustainable tourism can contribute to improved livelihoods, inclusion, cultural heritage and natural resource protection, and promote international understanding. The goal of this paper is to build the case for this type of sustainable and inclusive tourism development. In support of sustainable tourism, United Nations has designated 2017 as the International Year of 'Sustainable Tourism for Development'. Sustainable tourism is identified as a vital component to ensure the achievements of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 12, and 14 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This makes it an ideal moment to update and reaffirm the evidence case behind tourism as a development tool. UNWTO (the United Nations agency responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism) outlines the five pillars of tourism for development shown. Drawing from these pillars, this paper identifies 20 reasons sustainable tourism counts for tourism destinations, people who live there, and travelers. The following reasons are only a starting point for integrating a holistic approach to sustainable tourism into development projects
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  • 122
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Abstract: South Asia is home to three of the top five countries in terms of vulnerability to climate change globally.It thus urgently needs climate investment to enhance resilience and unlock opportunities for low carbon growth. The region is one of the fastest growing regions in the world; however, estimates suggest that climate impacts could reduce its annual gross domestic product by an average of 1.8 percent by 2050,rising to 8.8 percent by 2100.The good news is that the region has governments that are actively pursuing ambitious policies to address climate change. Moreover, its private sector is already investing in climate-smart sectors, developing new business models and technologies,building more resilient supply chains, and growing their operations in sustainable way.Countries of focus for this report have been identified based on IFC'soperational regional grouping for South Asia, which includes Bangladesh,Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. All six of these countries have ratified the 2015 Paris Agreement and pledged to tackle climate change in support of it, as part of their ambitious long-term economic growth and sustainable development plans. Almost all the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) across the region make some reference to the private sector's role. Climate business activity in keysectors such as renewable energy, green buildings, and energy-efficiency has increased since the Paris Agreement, boosted by governments' commitments to address climate change
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  • 123
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: As in most economies, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in emerging markets are widely believed to be the engine of growth across. Over the last decade, many researchers and academics have tried to analyze the issue of MSME access to finance, emphasizing their dependence on credit and cash flows. This study presents a new approach to the estimation of the unmet demand for financing from MSMEs in developing countries. Importantly, it also describes the potential implications for the public-sector bodies, private sector financial institutions, and technology providers. The present research adds significant value to the repository of data in the MSME space, and opens new opportunities for further investigation. It estimates both supply of and demand for MSME finance on a global scale, which has never been done in a comprehensive way. This approach estimates MSME equilibrium lending in developed economies according to the industry, age, and size categories, and applies this benchmark to MSMEs in developing countries. It estimates the MSME finance gap as the difference between current supply and potential demand which can potentially be addressed by financial institutions. This report is divided into five sections. The first section reviews the literature about financing MSMEs. The second section describes the methodology of the present research, data sources, and the model specification. The third section analyzes the results of the finance gap estimation, including regional comparisons, formal, and informal MSME sector results, and gender disaggregated statistics. The fourth section elaborates on the implications of the finance gap for the public sector, including government agencies and multilateral organizations and lending institutions. Finally, the fifth section highlights implications for the private sector, including banks and non-bank financial institutions, as well as financial technology companies
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  • 124
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This guidebook is designed to address common questionson corporate governance that are frequently asked byowners and managers of companies in the Middle Eastand North Africa (MENA) region. It familiarizes readerswith the basic concepts of corporate governance,providing a comprehensive overview of the subject matter,using case studies as practical examples of corporategovernance application in a commercial context. Overall,it demonstrates the value of corporate governance forbusinesses and for the region as a whole.The guidebook is designed to either be read in its entirety,as a complete work, or in sections, according to thereader's interest. For ease of reference, the guidebookis organized into the following eight sections: 1) Commitment to Corporate Governance; 2)Corporate Governance for Small- and Medium-SizedEnterprises; 3) Board of Directors' Role and Composition; 4) Functioning of the Board of Directors; 5) Control Environment; 6) Shareholder Issues; 7)Disclosure Issues; 8) Corporate Governance for Family-Owned Businesses; The approach of the guidebook is to explain technicalconcepts using plain language to help the readerbecome familiar with concepts that may sound newand unusual but are, in fact, part of the way business iscommonly conducted, organized, and controlled. The listof questions presented is not exhaustive, but provides asimple introduction to corporate governance, which canhelp improve business practices and assist the reader inunderstanding complex corporate governance guidelines
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  • 125
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In recent years cruising has become one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism industry. Globally, the Pacific Islands account for a small fraction of the cruise industry (around two per cent in 2015), but expected growth in the coming years is high. Given their geographic proximity, Australia and New Zealand are the most important source markets for the region. The focus of this study is on the cruise tourism sector in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Solomon Islands (SI). The study contributes to a wide body of evidence on the tourism sector in the Pacific Islands and builds on the strategies and initiative proposed to support growth
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  • 126
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Handbook offers a concise and practical description of how corporate secretaries might carry out their role to improve governance in their organizations. It can also serve as a guidance tool for both International Finance Corporation (IFC) clients and advisory staff to clarify the potentially expansive duties of corporate secretaries and to help them assist corporate secretaries in understanding what skills they require to fulfill their roles. The Handbook is based on IFC's publication, Corporate Secretaries Toolkit, which provides a portfolio of modules that cover topics of interest and value to those carrying out the role of corporate secretary and to the companies and organizations they serve. It also provides trainers with materials and instructions for conducting training
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  • 127
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This assessment of the current state of implementation of the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision (BCPs) in Turkey has been completed as a part of a Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) undertaken by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank during 2016. It reflects the regulatory and supervisory framework in place as of the date of the completion of the assessment. It is not intended to represent an analysis of the state of the banking sector or the crisis management framework, which have been addressed in the broad exercise
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  • 128
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), are the drivers of Kyrgyz economic growth and key contributors to sustainable gross domestic product (GDP). Since the country achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, MSMEs became one of the prime supports of the economy as the number of industrial enterprises declined. Most MSMEs are engaged in the trade and trade-related sectors. These generate significant employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled labor alike. Despite their importance to economic development, however, the growth of the country's MSMEs has been hindered by their limited access to banking services, along with high tax rates, and inconsistent policies. Thus, government support programs and assistance from multilateral agencies and policy makers are essential to MSME growth. The Bank Advisory Services of IFC's Financial Institutions Group provides advisory services to banks in aid of strengthening their capacity and increasing their outreach to the MSME sector. This is achieved through capacity building, training, knowledge sharing, and dissemination of best practices in MSME banking and risk management. IFC's primary goal is to increase the number of banks that offer banking services to MSMEs in a profitable and sustainable manner. The organization is globally recognized as a market leader in MSME banking, through its various regional engagements. IFC is also recognized for its global expertise and knowledge in this area. In response to growing market demand, IFC has recently enhanced its advisory services to include Islamic financing. In this respect, the National Bank of Kyrgyz Republic has also expressed an interest in exploring this segment of the market. Indeed, the NBKR is already looking at the possibility of putting regulations for Islamic banking in place. The study reveals a funding potential of
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  • 129
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: The Government of Jordan, the World Bank Group (WBG), and the international community are working towards a paradigm shift in their collective response to the refugee crisis - a holistic approach which stresses the continuum between the humanitarian response and the country's development agenda. In parallel, Jordan's implicit social contract by which the state provided citizens with jobs and heavily subsidized public services is evolving. strategic engagement, the WBG will adopt a two-pronged approach aimed at simultaneously addressing Jordan's immediate needs in view of the fluid and worsening regional situation while keeping a medium and long-term development commitment built on reforming the economy to create the right environment for inclusive, job-creating growth. The first pillar of the Country Partnership Framework (CPF) aims to foster the conditions for stronger private-sector-led growth and better employment opportunities for all.The second pillar of the CPF aims to improve the quality and equity of service delivery, including through private sector solutions.The CPF will implement the new Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Strategy at the country level.The CPF aligns with the Government's vision Jordan 2025, the Executive Development Plan 2016-2018 (EDP), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).The CPF's principles of engagement will be selectivity, flexibility, adaptability and partnership. The outlook for 2016 forecasts growth at three percent on account of a growing mining and quarrying sector, some energy investments, and base effect of the tourism and construction sectors, although some downside risks have begun to materialize in early 2016
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  • 130
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: This program document presents the World Bank Group (WBG) FY17-22 Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Bulgaria. The timing of the new CPF follows the preparation of theSystematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) prepared in FY15, and informs the areas and objectives ofthe CPF in support of the WBG's twin goals to reduce poverty and boost shared prosperity1 for the bottom forty percent of the population. The CPF proposes to focus WBG support in selective areas aligned with the SCD, in response to clear Government demand, supporting and complementing Bulgaria's European Union agenda, and reflecting the WBG's comparative advantage. In addition, the CPF applies two key principles for engagement, including: (i) realism, recognizing that the WBG plays a selective role and that it will contribute most effectively by being strategic and catalytic in supporting key elements of Bulgaria's development agenda, and (ii) scalability, creating opportunities to engage in dialogue and analytical work that may create space for broader engagement in areas where there is potential for transformational impact, including IFC investments in private sector development. Government demand is focused primarily on the agenda to strengthen public institutions, notably in the financial and energy sectors. The WBG will complement that focus by investing its own resources to stay engaged in the inclusion agenda, which is critical to the WBG twin goals. CPF proposes to cover a six year period, with Progress Learning Reviews (PLRs) will facilitate a more proactive approach to monitoring results and ensure close alignment with the country-led strategy
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  • 131
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: The Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Montene gro covers the period from July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2020 (fiscal years 2016-2020). This CPF builds on the results and lessons of the previous World Bank Group (WBG) Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), which originally covered the period July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2014, and was subsequently extended to June 30, 2015.The one-year CPS) extension was intended to provide greater clarity on the country's medium-term macro-fiscal framework as a basis for the new CPF, and to give additional time to make progress on improving environmental management, a key pillar of the CPS. The new CPF seeks to address the top priorities identified by the recently completed Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) as those that Montenegro needs to most urgently tackle to advance in its path towards shared prosperity and sustainable development. The CPF will selectively support Montenegro's development agenda outlined in the Montenegro Development Directions (MDD) 2015-2018, Economic Reform program (ERP) 2015-2017 and the Montenegro European Union (EU) Accession Program 2014-17. The WBG strategy will continue to support, and be aligned with, Montenegro's EU accession and integration process. The formulation of the new CPF benefitted from extensive consultations held in October 2015 and in January and March 2016, and involving several line ministries, municipalities, civil society, academia, and private sector across various regions of the country, as well as representatives of the international development community. The resulting proposal for engagement under the FY16-20 CPF reflects a broad consensus of a wide range of stakeholders and a shared understanding of development priorities and challenges facing the country
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  • 132
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This document is intended as a guide for international developers and solar investors who are considering investing in Pakistan. The document is laid out as follows: Sections 1 to 3 give an overview of Pakistan and its electricity market, the solar potential and progress in the solar market to date. Sections 4 to 7 set out the process for developing a solar project in Pakistan and the main institutions both provincial and federal that will be involved in the process. Section 8 sets out some key tax considerations for developers. Section 9 concludes with some of the remaining challenges in the solar market in Pakistan currently and some recommendations for developers
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  • 133
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The overall objective of this study is to learn about the results of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) 'Banking on Women Program' (BoW) in Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East (EMENA). Established in 2010, IFC's 'Banking on Women Program' uses IFC's investment capital to help financial institutions around the world with SME lending track records to profitably expand their portfolios and provide women entrepreneurs with access to finance. IFC also works with financial institutions to deepen their ability to reach women owned businesses through segmenting their target market, positioning their brand and repositioningtheir products to reach women borrowers. As of 2016, IFC's BoW Program has a portfolio of over
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  • 134
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The overall objective of this study is to learn about the impact of International Finance Corporation's (IFC) Banking on Women (BoW) Program in the Europe and Central Asia and the Middle East and North Africa (EMENA) through BLC Bank of Lebanon. The objective of this specific case study is to understand the success of the BoW program for BLC Bank in Lebanon in terms of the program's contribution to the bank's bottom line, the growth and sustainability of the BoW business, as well as the capacity created within the bank to sustainably service women entrepreneurs and consumers. BLC Bank's BoW Program has been branded by the Bank as the, We Initiative (Women Empowerment Initiative) and will be referred to as such throughout the study. The focus of the study is on what the authors consider as aspects critical to a successful BoW investment and advisory program. Particular attention is paid to acknowledging the varying influences on a client bank's success including but not limited to different types of IFC interventions, stages of program maturity, client buy-in and commitment and data challenges. The focus of the study is on banking for women-led Small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The definition of women-led SMEs for the purpose of this study is based on the definition provided by BLC Bank Lebanon
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  • 135
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The overall objective of this report is to learn about the results of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) 'Banking on Women Program' (BoW) in Europe, Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa (EMENA) as well as other Banking on Women programs. Established in 2010, IFC's 'Banking on Women Program' uses IFC's investment capital to help financial institutions around the world with lending track records to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to profitably expand their portfolios and provide women entrepreneurs with access to finance. IFC also works with financial institutions to deepen their ability to reach women-owned businesses through segmenting their target market, positioning their brand and repositioning their products to reach female borrowers. Garanti Bank Romania, BLC Bank in Lebanon, both IFC client banks, and Garanti Bank Turkey3, were selected for this publication as individual case studies. Each of the three case studies looks at the existing capacity and performance of each of these banks in terms of serving women entrepreneurs. In doing so, the study places particular emphasis on the extent to which these banks are able to deliver their women banking programs in a commercially viable, self-sufficient manner that is based on the bank's own in-house resources and capacities. Where possible, each study also aims to understand if and how the female borrower segment has affected each bank's business (bottom line, sustainability and growth targets). A separate and parallel assessment of this program looks at the impact of the program on the end beneficiaries, i.e. women-owned SMEs. This beneficiary survey will provide insights into how effectively the bank's female borrowers are reached and served. Ultimately, this study aims to generate learning for IFC and its client banks in order to strengthen the design and delivery of the banks' BoW program, as well as IFC engagements in this area
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  • 136
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Indonesia, a member of the G20 since 2008, has become one of the largest economies worldwide with the promise of substantial growth potential in the coming decades. In order to realize this potential, the government of Indonesia has identified the role of the Micro, small and medium enterprise sector as pivotal to promoting growth, creating jobs, and alleviating poverty. This joint International Finance Corporation (IFC) study on Women-Owned Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia makes a significant contribution in understanding women's economic empowerment in the country by presenting a comprehensive analysis that captures original data. More than half of Indonesia's SMEs are owned by women. And even though businesses run by women and men should in theory contribute equally to economic growth, the reality is that women face many more constraints in starting and growing their businesses, including obtaining business finance. This study intends to inform the government, private and state-owned banks, and the international community about the constraints faced by small businesses, particularly those owned by women. Additionally, the objective is to establish a business case for banks to help them realize the growth opportunity and contribute to their profitability by servicing this sector. It is clear from this report that significant reform will be necessary to improve both the business enabling environment for women and more importantly, to increase their access to finance. This book is arranged as follows : Following introduction, Chapter 2 provides an overview of the SME sector and summarizes the key findings about the enabling environment. Chapter 3 discusses access to finance, and the supply and demand of bank loans for SMEs and women-owned SMEs, Chapter 4 focuses on specific challenges, patterns of access, usage and demand for financial services by women-owned SMEs. Chapter 5 provides recommendations for the government, Bank Indonesia and banks in general, and Chapter 6 draws conclusions
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  • 137
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Mediation is a procedure in which an intermediary without decision-making powers (the mediator) systematically facilitates communication between the parties of a conflict with the aim of enabling the parties themselves to take responsibility for resolving their dispute. Mediation is a highly flexible and adaptable process - a factor that can create challenges for regulators. The goals of this book are to: describe the regulatory landscape of mediation; outline the parameters of a regulatory project about mediation; offer a step-by-step guide to making policy and law about mediation; and generate enthusiasm among a wide range of regulatory stakeholders to become involved in shaping the future of mediation. The introduction sets out the goals and structure of the book before explaining some ideas that inform the approach to the topic. Chapter two offers an international overview of the regulatory landscape that considers the different ways in which people can access mediation. Chapter three commences the regulatory project. Chapter four leads into the next stage of making mediation law, which involves making decisions about the content and regulatory form that one wish to use to regulate various aspects of mediation. Chapter five looks at success factors, pitfalls, and lessons learned. Finally, chapter six provides regulatory topics checklist
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  • 138
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) presents the World Bank Group (WBG) program and the associated results framework for Lebanon for the period FY17-FY22. In a fragile and conflict-prone environment, this CPF aims at mitigating the immediate, and potentially long-lasting impact of the Syria crisis on Lebanon, while strengthening state institutions, addressing existing vulnerabilities, and bolstering efforts on longer term development challenges, all through interventions that foster inclusion and shared prosperity. The CPF will work through two focus areas as a way to renew the social contract between the state and the citizens: (i) expand access to and quality of service delivery; and (ii) expand economic opportunities and increase human capital. Through these two focus areas, the WBG will help Lebanon mitigate the economic and social impact of the Syria crisis, safeguard the country's development gains, and enhance the prospects for stability and development in the coming years. The CPF will contribute to strengthening the relationship between the state and its citizens, a critical ingredient for peace and stability. The CPF will contribute to strengthening the relationship between the state and its citizens, a critical ingredient for peace and stability. The CPF benefited from a series of stakeholder consultations, including those held in connection with the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) and the WBG Gender Strategy
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  • 139
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) covers the five-year period FY16-20. Anchored in the government's medium-term development plan as outlined in a January 2015 Cabinet of Ministers Program of Action, it also reflects the analysis and recommendations of the World Bank Group's (WBG) 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Uzbekistan and the lessons learned from the Completion Report of the previous CPS. The CPF's objectives and program, which focus on developing the conditions for faster job creation, are consistent with the WBG's twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. The Uzbekistan Systemic Country Diagnostic (SCD) identified ten priority areas that would need to be addressed to eliminate poverty, boost shared prosperity, and enable Uzbekistan to reach upper middle-income status. The government's strategic objectives are for Uzbekistan to achieve upper middleincome status by 2030, implying income growth averaging 6 percent annually, and in particular to create 500,000 jobs annually. Building country systems for statistical, fiduciary, safeguard, and statistical capacity underlie the foundation of this CPF. The CPF program will remain flexible as circumstances change and new opportunities may arise
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  • 140
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Mediation is one of the most frequently used alternative dispute resolution processes worldwide. Mediation provides faster, cheaper, and better solutions than a traditional court decision can. Benefits are important for individuals as well as for disputing businesses from the private sector and for public sector institutions. Understanding the principles, process, and skills of mediation is essential for anyone whose professional role involves managing disputes of any kind. Mediation Essentials comprises five chapters as follows: 1) Chapter 1 is about How to Manage and Control Disputes and Alternative Dispute Resolution; Chapter 2 describes on How to Make the Most of Mediation; Chapter 3 discusses on How Professional Advisors Can Add Value to Mediation; Chapter 4 explains on How to Use Guiding Principles and Ethics to Ensure the Integrity of Mediation; and Chapter 5 concludes with How to Draft Contractual Documents for Mediation
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  • 141
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Africa is a region with enormous potential for private investors. It is a continent in transition, with rapid urbanization, increasingstability, a young and growing population, expanding internet connectivity, rising incomes, and shifting consumption patterns. Taken together, these enduring trends have created an abundance of commercial opportunities across the continent and turned the region into a place that investors cannot afford to ignore. Yet declining commodity prices, depreciating currencies and slowing global growth have increased uncertainty on the continent and sharply reduced liquidity that companies had used to expand activities in recent years. Economies face a significant challenge to diversify and export a wider range of goods and services.Even before recent global economic turmoil emerged, investor activity in Africa was constrained by structural obstacles and a lack of financing options that often inhibited the effective distribution and mitigation of risk associated with large-scale or long-term projects. Fortunately, companies looking to seize still significant opportunities in Africa can benefit from additional sources of financing, as well as tools that crowd in more private sector participants and mitigate risk, spreading it among different investor classes and over longer timeframes. Tools such as blended finance, co-financing, local debt and equity instruments, private equity, and public-private partnerships are being deployed in Africa in new ways that address risks associated with low-income and fragile states. They provide innovative paths to securing financing on a scale that can match the scope of business opportunities and help manage risk in high-growthAfrican markets
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  • 142
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) covers the four-year period, from FY2017 through FY2020. The World Bank Group (WBG) has relied up to now on a series of short two-year Interim Strategy Notes (ISNs) to capture its strategic engagement. The CPF sets out a medium-term strategic framework that is intended to be flexible and responsive to the rapidly evolving situation in Afghanistan. It is aligned with country priorities as outlined in the government's "Realizing Self-Reliance: Commitments to Reforms and Renewed Partnership" paper presented to the London Afghanistan Conference in December 2014 and draft National Peace and Development Framework (ANPDF). It is based on the findings and recommendations of the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), which was completed in February 2016
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  • 143
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In May 2015, the Boyner Group, in a joint initiative with the International Finance Corporation (IFC), launched the Boyner Group's good for business program, working with female managers and owners of companies that are suppliers to the Boyner Group. The program is part of Boyner Group's broader goal of promoting equal opportunity for men and women and establishing gender equality within the company and its supply chain. Women-led companies make up 17 percent of all direct suppliers to the Boyner Group. The program aims to raise their productivity and business performance, building the participants' capacity through classroom training, coaching, guest lectures, and access to market opportunities through networking events, and a vendor fair. After the successful completion of the pilot phase, the Boyner Group good for business program aims to engage more of its female suppliers through further sessions of the program. The objective of this study is to inspire and inform corporates, donors, and others interested in developing similar programs and to share some of the learning from the pilot phase of the good for business program
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  • 144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The role of the private sector is particularly significant inAfrica-the focus of this report. Africa's population is expectedto increase to 1.7 billion in 2030. By 2050, the continent will be home to 2.4 billion people-a quarter of the world's future population. A growing and rapidly urbanizing Africa requires substantially more services and basic infrastructure, including power, ports, roads, and railways. According to the WorldBank Group, Africa's unmet infrastructure investment needs are estimated at more than 45 billion dollars annually. Only a robust private sector can create the jobs and deliver higher standards of living to an increasingly young African population. In the poorest and most conflict-prone countries, private markets barely exist, slowing development.These markets must be built up and energized, work that willrequire new types of financial instruments that can attract private investment and mitigate risks for investors.This report offers a template for how we can move forward-by showing how investors, governments, local enterprises, donors,and individuals are working together to address investors' riskconcerns and deliver more investment with positive impact. It allows governments to procureprivately funded solar power stations-quickly, transparently,and at the lowest tariffs possible. Private developers, fortheir part, benefit from an all-in-one package of advice, risk management, finance and insurance. So far, three countries are on board-Madagascar, Senegal and Zambia-and dozens of top-tier companies are competing forthe chance to build solar plants in markets they would otherwisenot know how to navigate. The program's first auction, inZambia, resulted this year in the lowest-priced solar power todate in Africa, just six cents per kilowatt hour. In a countr ywhere only one fifth of the population has access to electricity,consumers will now have a new source of affordable, renewableenergy. IFC has a track record of fostering and sustaining privateenterprise in the most difficult environments.this report will encourage governments, donor partners, and the private sector to collaborate in new ways
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  • 145
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: For a year and a half, Adeni appealed to three hospitals in Salvador-without success. She approached the private health system, but couldn't afford the amount charged, of about R
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  • 146
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The report identifies via ...
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  • 147
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Agribusinesses operate in a rapidly changing world. Demand for agricultural crops is expected to double as the world's population reaches 9.1 billion by 2050. Food production will need to provide sufficient carbohydrates, proteins, and fats for the estimated 870 million people who currently lack food security. Increasing the quantity and quality of food in response to this growing demand will be a challenge for a variety of reasons. In the face of these challenges, firms recognize that the world's 525 million smallholder farmers represent an opportunity to expand market share and secure a sustainable supply of key agricultural commodities. Smallholders also represent a potential customer base for firms marketing inputs, information, and financial services. This handbook responds to the challenges agribusinesses face by laying out the business case for working with smallholder farmers. It also provides a framework for decision making and recommends tools and resources for firms engaging with smallholder farmers. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 148
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: The new Country Partnership Framework (CPF or framework) presents the engagement of the World Bank Group (WBG) in Sri Lanka over the next four years (fiscal years 2017-20 (FY17-20)). The CPF aims to support the achievement of some of the government's medium-term goals in areas that are critical for reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity, and that are consistent with the WBG's comparative advantage. Notably, the CPF provides the framework for engagement in several key policy areas. Following presidential and parliamentary elections in 2015, the new coalition government, the National Government of Consensus, has set out an ambitious vision for Sri Lanka. It focuses on supporting job creation in the private sector, advancing the country's global integration, improving governance, enhancing human development and social inclusion, and balancing development with environmental conservation. The vision has been captured in the Prime Minister's Economic Policy Statement of November 5, 2015. The new government's development agenda is well aligned with the findings of the 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Sri Lanka. The SCD identified the most critical constraints and opportunities facing Sri Lanka in accelerating progress toward the twin goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. The analysis concluded that key priorities are to address the country's fiscal, competitiveness, and inclusion challenges, as well as cross-cutting governance and social, economic, and environmental sustainability challenges. The CPF is anchored in this analysis
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  • 149
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Tunisia, prepared jointly by International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) covers the period Fiscal Year (FY) 2016 through FY 2020. The CPF is anchored in the Government of Tunisia's September 2015 Note d'Orientation Strategique and the WBG's October 2015 Strategy for the Middle East and North Africa Region. It builds on extensive discussions with a wide range of stakeholders, and is underpinned by WBG analytics, including the June 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD). The Government's "Note d'Orientation Strategique outlines Tunisia's development vision for the next five years. Its main premise is that Tunisia will maintain its strong partnerships with the international community; rely on the private sector to lead economic growth and job creation; and promote a vibrant civil society. Technical ministries and regions are in the process of preparing their five-year sectorial plans based on this vision, for which financing will be sought during an international donor conference in late 2016
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  • 150
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In May 2015, the IFC Corporate Governance Group called together 40 experts in the field and members of the IFC Corporate Governance Private Sector Advisory Group. These participants explored key changes in international corporate governance standards and codes of best practice in the wake of the recent global financial crisis and how these changes have helped draw corporate attention to sustainability issues. The group found that many issues that became evident regarding banks in the financial crisis, and led to changes in the governance of banks, also have flowed through into broader corporate governance developments. This publication arises from the issues and information from these discussions. Specifically, part A discusses developments from global or regional groups involved in corporate governance. Part B addresses developments in corporate governance practice, and part C looks at developments in corporate governance codes and standards
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  • 151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This research study identified replication opportunities and white spaces across focus sectors of agriculture, healthcare, and renewable energy. These include short-term opportunities in trade, technology transfer, and strategic alliances to cater to immediate demand for products such as solar home systems and services such as healthcare for non-communicable diseases. Long-termopportunities include addressing demand that arises from changing socio-economic scenarios and improving market efficiencies, such as organic farming and domestic manufacture of solar industry components. While increasing cooperation among South Asian countries might present different trends in the future, most current replication activities are focused on India-Bangladesh replication in the sectors of agriculture and healthcare. Finally, the study also recommends a way forward for scaling the intra-South Asia replication of inclusive businesses with the involvement of stakeholders such as donors, investors, incubators, advisors, academia, and policy makers. Given the inherent challenges in replication and nascent state of inclusive business ecosystems in most countries, their early catalytic involvement is crucial. Specific action steps are proposed for each category of stakeholder, but from past evidence of what works' in building supporting ecosystems for inclusive businesses, these organizations will be most effective when they work together to draw out opportunities for replication and address the key hurdles of doing business in developing countries
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  • 152
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to theunderstanding and discussion of how the costs andbenefits of natural resource development are sharedacross society. This paper presents how IFC, as both aninvestor and a development organization, determineswhether benefits and costs are shared reasonably, and how this assessment influences IFC's decision to invest ina particular natural resource project. the goal of the paper is to promotea broad, constructive dialogue across stakeholders-governments, investors, civil society, and others-around benefit sharing. The paper draws on IFC's experience and presents anoverarching framework for multi-stakeholder benefitsharing, providing analysis and guidance for a range ofcomplex topics. The paper is intended to provide entrypoints for stakeholders of varying levels of familiarity with the issues to benefit-sharing assessment. The paper is not a definitive manual for all the issues coveredfor which more detailed, high-quality and excellentreferences and literature exists. This paper is organized along these broad areas of impact that IFC considers in the benefit sharing assessment:fiscal, economic, environmental, and social. The approaches IFC uses to evaluate benefit sharing arepresented in each area, along with some lessons learned. This is complemented by a discussion of key issues thatare topical in the field. Each chapter opens with a list of questions that can be used as a guide to assess the potential benefits and costs of an investment. As a result, there is a spectrum of what can be considered reasonable overall. However, there may be particular features of a benefit-sharing arrangement that stand out and can signal a risk to its legitimacy. Our aspiration is that this paper will complement as well as stimulate work by others that can enhance the collective knowledge and encourage dialogue
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  • 153
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The World Bank Group's investment climate project conducted a survey of foreign investors in the Kyrgyz Republic - both those currently operating and those that have terminated their operations for various reasons. The purpose of the survey was to assess selected aspects of the investment policy and legal environment in place in the Kyrgyz Republic, so as to determine whether the current regulations are investment-conducive or otherwise. The following aspects were studied as part of this survey: reasons for selecting a country for investing, ease of market entry, investor confidence, and protection in running a business, investor incentives and market exit. This report presents the analysis of the results of the survey. It consists of six sections, five of which discuss the results of each of the assessed aspects of the investment policy. The sixth section presents some demographics of the survey
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  • 154
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Worldwide, hydropower is a crucial power supply option for several reasons. First, it is a renewable energy resource that can contribute to sustainable development by generating local, typically inexpensive power. Second, hydropower reduces reliance on imported fuels that carry the risks of price volatility, supply uncertainty and foreign currency requirements. Third, hydro systems can offer multiple co-benefits including water storage for drinking and irrigation, drought-preparedness, flood control protection, aquaculture and recreational opportunities, among others. Finally, hydro can allow more renewables, especially wind and solar, to be added to the system by providing rapid-response power when intermittent sources are off-line, and pumped energy storage when such sources are generating excess power. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 155
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Fish farming has been carried out for centuries and is essentially fairly simple. It becomes a challenge when it is used for commerce. This brochure highlights the major complications associated with intensive and cost-efficient fish farming. In Armenia, there are a number of pro and cons to its relationship with fish farming. Armenia has abundant clean water sources. The water has limited suspended solids and little to no dissolved nitrogen. The effect of urbanization is also very limited, and water availability varies based on geographic location. However, Armenia's geographical location presents a challenge. Feed, eggs, and equipment have to be imported, mainly from the United States (U.S.) and European Union (EU), which adds extra transportation costs that have significant impact especially on the cost of feed. To obtain a competitive farm gate price, several topics have to be addressed and are discussed in this report, along with common perspectives of fish farming
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  • 156
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Environmental and social responsibility is becoming more and more important in today's global economy. There are thousands of environmental and social codes and standards in the world today. The codes and standards define the rules and the objectives. An environmental and social management system helps companies to integrate the rules and objectives into core business operations through a set of clearly defined, repeatable processes. The authors provide tools to build or enhance the company's environmental and social management system (ESMS), such as sample documents, blank forms, flowcharts, checklists, and templates. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Increasing women's participation on corporate boards and in senior management is among the crucial requirements of companies all around the world. IFC is no exception. The authors have seen for ourselves the positive results from greater diversity in corporate leadership. Stated simply, gender balance is good for business. The participation of women in the labor market has been a major driver of growth and competitiveness in economies. Yet, when it comes to corporate leadership positions, there remains a huge gap between the numbers of men and women represented. In Jordan this is no different. Men have assumed the highest positions of corporate leadership, even as women represent a strong untapped asset for the country. Despite constituting a large portion of society in Jordan, women have a minor presence in boardrooms and in senior decision-making positions. The research in this publication sets out to demonstrate: the degree of involvement by women in boardrooms and senior decision-making positions in the corporate world; the value of their presence when they are involved in those positions (specifically whether there is a correlation between women in the boardroom and the financial performance of companies); and some of the challenges that women face in reaching such decision-making positions. The publication also includes some recommendations for ways to overcome those challenges
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  • 158
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Commodities Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2010, Cambodia exported 40,000 metric tons of rice. In 2013, Cambodia exported nearly 400,000 metric tons ofrice to 66 countries. A ten-fold increase in just three years. Moreover, in only five years, Cambodia moved from apaddy to a milled rice exporter, and is now well on the way to evolving from a commodity trader to a demand driven export marketer. The evolution is evident in both the product and the process, with the sector now equipped with modern milling capacities, both in terms of volumeand quality management. This includes the introduction of Food Safety certification programs vital for penetrating international markets. Such progress will contribute substantially to the government's rice sector policy of exporting one million tons of rice in 2015. This publication will present strategies and opportunities for Cambodian rice as an export product. It will illustrate how the Cambodia rice sector can improve its product image and how and where it can better place its rice in international markets given a more detailed analysis of its current and potential customers
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  • 159
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Laureate universities offer higher education degrees in the Mexican context, an environment where there is a significant, unmet demand for college degrees and yet, private universities face a highly competitive market to expand their services. This study is an ex-post impact evaluation. Namely, it was planned and implemented, years after the individuals participating in this study enrolled and graduated from college, cancelling the possibility of having baseline information available. Thus, the study relies on data collected directly from the field, including a college graduate's survey, an employer's survey, and in-depth interviews to Laureate former students. The analysis is based on a quasi-experimental approach for an impact evaluation, complemented with descriptive statistics and qualitative information. The outcome results assessed in this report can be grouped into three categories: a) economic capital and employment, which refers to various aspects of the alumni's professional career and income generation after graduation; b) career advancement, which measures ability to be promoted and access to managerial positions, and c) social progress, which captures the change in an individual's position within a power hierarchy via occupational prestige and the change in socioeconomic levels during shorter periods of time (as opposed to an intergenerational change)
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  • 160
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: During the first decade of this century, from 2001 to 2010, attention focused on the development of the credit information industry in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. As MENA's role in the global economy increases along with its attendant demographic integration, the development of comprehensive information sharing systems across the region has become an imperative. The overall credit information system in the region requires reform at the initiative of stakeholders. Among the challenges are the diverse levels of technology, and lack of awareness and discipline in data collection. In response to traditional risk-assessment methods and, in some cases, a resistance to change, stakeholders have been encouraged to undertake innovative changes in the methods of risk evaluation being used by the credit industry. IFC and AMF commissioned the production of this guide to map progress and provide an overview of the credit reporting systems in the region. For the first time, an index representing a quantification of credit reporting in each country has been developed. To offer lessons learned, the guide highlights selected global trends and best practice for credit information sharing. The guide contains case studies of the 19 MENA countries with specific recommendations for local conditions
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  • 161
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This toolkit introduces and explains step by step the key elements of success for FIs to expand financial services to farmers. The content was developed around IFC's global experience in assisting FIs with the development and implementation of agricultural finance products. The benefits of this work are synthesized in this guide, along with knowledge and expertise of best practices among both IFC clients and others. The guide includes advice on each step involved and tips on how to address the complex challenges that might arise during product development process. The guide has seven chief components: introduction to agricultural finance, the product development process, product development phase one - preparation, product development phase two - market research, product development phase three - pilot design, product development phase four - pilot testing and monitoring, and product development phase five - product launch and rollout
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  • 162
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The structure of the Ukrainian biomass-to-energy market is taking shape. The supply side of the market is represented by the forestry and wood processing companies and crop and animal farms that are sources of biomass. Pellet producers process available waste into pellets. Boilers for burning biomass are available in the market from either local producers or importers. Biomass-to-energy facilities produce electricity and/or heat for a variety of users (industrial, commercial, and residential). In some cases, users generate electricity and/or heat for their own use. In others, (private or municipal) electricity/heat producers sell to end-users directly or through the power grid. Biomass-to-energy facilities may use biomass only or in combination (co-fired) with other fuels (oil, gas, or coal). Demand for biomass-to-energy initiatives has been growing in Ukraine, being driven by the motivation of cost savings and increased efficiency. In the short term, the share of heat suppliers using biomass boilers could grow up to 63 of all the surveyed players. Despite the expanding share of municipal heat suppliers using biomass boilers in the total number of companies, the share of biomass in the overall volume of fuel consumed by the surveyed entities remains low (14 percent). The most common fuel is natural gas, with a share of 80 percent in the total volume of fuel used by municipal heat suppliers. Additionally, the shortage of biomass of required quality is considered the main risk when it comes to implementing biomass-to-energy projects. The shortage of biomass and the growing demand for it pushes prices up, which increases the cost of a project and the uncertainty regarding the investment payback period
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  • 163
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This report summarizes the experiences of 19 companies from across the region. Each of the case studies highlights the key corporate governance changes made and the positive impacts that resulted, as reported by the company. The companies represent various countries, sectors, types, and sizes. All of the companies featured are former IFC Advisory Services clients. Some are IFC Investment clients as well. IFC conducted an in-depth corporate governance assessment for each of these companies using IFC's Corporate Governance Methodology. The assessments resulted in specific recommendations on ways to improve each company's governance framework and identified implementation plans. The assessments were conducted at various points over the past few years. The time taken to implement changes and realize benefits varied. However, all companies reported that governance changes are continuous and the corresponding benefits manifest themselves in different forms over time. This report provides examples of companies in various stages of change - from recent changes (e.g., Medgulf) to ongoing, longer-term changes (e.g., Bank Audi). This report also includes testimony from three MENA private equity firms (all IFC investment clients). Collectively, these firms have worked with 72 investee companies (past and present funds). Selected based on their association with IFC and their willingness to share their insight and experiences, these firms offer a valuable window into the importance of corporate governance from an investor's perspective. The material in this report is based on feedback gathered through individual interviews with each organization featured, resulting in well-considered responses. The achievements highlighted are all the more notable given that the interviews and information gathering process took place in in late 2009 (first edition) and 2013 (for current edition), when the region was still under the stress of the crisis
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  • 164
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: A dynamic board seeks to stimulate the flow of ideas, identify key issues, consider alternatives, and make informed decisions. And for that you need deliberation and debate. But these positive processes can sometimes turn into boardroom disagreements that must be dealt with properly and promptly; otherwise, they can devolve into acrimonious disputes that undermine the board's effectiveness and the company's performance. This paper describes key steps that boards can take to mitigate the impact of disputes, and, even better, to minimize the risk of disputes arising in the first place. It is intended as companion and post-training material for a course called "managing disputes and difficult conversations on the board.' This highly interactive course for board directors was created by the IFC Corporate Governance Group in partnership with the Center for Effective Dispute Resolution (CEDR). It is designed to help directors understand board conflict and conflict styles, and it covers difficult scenarios that directors often encounter. The course offers guidance and practical tips for how to have a difficult conversation; for handling avoidance, high emotions, and status issues; and for breaking through deadlock, and how to apply these skills specifically in a board context. This publication also can be used as stand-alone guidance for boards. While the training itself focuses heavily on individual development of interpersonal skills relevant in the board context, this publication also deals with the board as a collective body that needs to cultivate its ability to manage disputes effectively, starting by establishing good corporate governance policies and practices
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  • 165
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The International Finance Corporation (IFC), as a member of the World Bank, believes that sound, inclusive, and sustainable financial markets are essential to building shared prosperity and ending extreme poverty. Access to finance is a key barrier to the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and the establishment of micro-enterprises. The access to finance gap in emerging markets is large, 2 billion adults do not have access to savings or credit, while 200 million micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) do not have access to credit. Working through financial intermediaries enables IFC to encourage them to become more involved in sectors which are strategic priorities such as women-owned businesses, climate change, and agriculture and in underserved regions such as fragile and conflict-affected states as well as in housing, manufacturing, infrastructure, and social services. Our work with these clients has supported an estimated 100 million jobs. Through its Advisory Services, IFC has also scaled up the sustainable provision of financial services in developing countries by addressing systemic issues such as credit information and credit bureaus, improvements in risk management, corporate governance, and the introduction of environmental and social standards. The approaches provided in this handbook are complementary to a bank's existing risk management practices and framework and can provide a useful tool and guide for banks to further improve the effectiveness of their risk management activities. In risk management, there cannot be a one size fits all' solution, and therefore recommendations provided should be tailored to fit each bank's size, complexity of business, and any other rules, regulations, and guidelines provided by the bank's regulator
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  • 166
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Today, health care facilities are confronted with a number of significant envi-ronmental and social challenges. None of the challenges is insurmountable, but if not effectively assessed and managed, they will hurt the quality of your patient care, profitability, reputation, and prospects for future sustainability. Among these challenges are the increasing cost of energy and water, the growning power and influence of regulatory agencies, and rapidly evolving community awareness and concerns about environmental and social issues. These risks are in addition to the primary risk of failing to provide high-quality health care or build patient confidence. All of these risks ultimately have financial consequences and are driving forces that should motivate you to implement a management system for your health care facility. A management system will enable you to consistently foresee and address issues confronting your facility so you can prevent potential risks from becoming actual problems. Implementing an environmental and social management system (ESMS) can have direct financial benefits. Conserving and using energy and water more efficiently helps to reduce operational costs
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  • 167
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Jensen, Hans G Grain Price Spikes and Beggar-Thy-Neighbor Policy Responses
    Abstract: When prices spike in international grain markets, national governments often reduce the extent to which that spike affects their domestic food markets. Those actions exacerbate the price spike and international welfare transfer associated with the terms of trade change. Several recent analyses have assessed the extent to which those policies contributed to the 2006-08 international price rise, but only by focusing on one commodity or using a back-of-the-envelope method. This paper provides a more comprehensive analysis that uses a global economywide model that is able to take account of the interactions between markets for farm products that are closely related in production or consumption. The model is able to estimate the impacts of those insulating policies on grain prices and on the grain trade and economic welfare of various countries. The results support the conclusion from earlier studies that there is a need for stronger World Trade Organization disciplines on export restrictions
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  • 168
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, contributes to the World Bank mission of global poverty reduction by creating opportunities for people to improve their lives through private sector solutions. In Pakistan, IFC's strategy has focused on addressing the key challenges that affect private sector development, from investing in the infrastructure sector, including energy, to enhancing access to finance, with a view to improving the conditions for growth and employment generation. As part of its country program, IFC has focused on increasing access to finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which are the backbone of Pakistan's economy as they constitute more than 90 percent of total private enterprises in the formal industrial sectors and employ over 70 percent of the labor force. Often these SMEs struggle to obtain the financing needed to grow and create jobs. For this reason, IFC has partnered with financial institutions to improve service provision to SMEs and stimulate economic development across the country. Since 2007, IFC has been engaged with HBL, Pakistan's largest private sector commercial bank, and provided financing to strengthen the bank's capital following its privatization, as well as advised on how to scale up the bank's SMEs portfolio in a sustainable manner. The objective of this study is to develop an understanding of the relationship between access to finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and job creation. IFC has analyzed a sample of more than 100 SMEs that obtained loans from its client, Habib Bank Ltd (HBL), in 2009 in Pakistan, at a challenging time for the country
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  • 169
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the fall of 2008, the Moroccan microfinance sector underwent what in economics is referred to as a Minsky moment, the sudden realization that the market has overshot and that the good times are coming to an end. In this particular case, the Minsky moment was a specific event - the private circulation of an IFC study that found extensive problems with the portfolios of the country's four largest Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), and one in particular - Zakoura. This study picks up from Morocco's Minsky moment. The MFIs at the time were beginning to see unequivocal signs that the market was shifting. The lead-up to this moment has been well documented: the reckless pursuit of growth, fed by an equally reckless influx of funding, both foreign and domestic, the high rate of multiple lending, poor lending standards and equally poor back-office and management information systems (MIS), and poor governance - all have been noted as causes of the crisis. While this study is meant to cover the full Moroccan microfinance sector, due to constraints of time and availability of data, its primary focus is on the three largest MFIs in Morocco. This report is organized into three key sections: 1) a review of the main drivers and factors evident during the course of the Moroccan microfinance crisis (2008-2011); 2) an examination of the key responses taken by the MFIs during the course of the crisis; and 3) a review of government actions and other market-level changes that affected the nature and trajectory of the crisis. The authors close with a look at the future prospects for microfinance in Morocco
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  • 170
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The ambition to reach full global financial inclusion requires that we address the challenge of delivering appropriate and affordable financial services to an estimated 2.5 billion unbanked individuals globally. One response to this challenge has involved the design of products such as microloans, low balance savings accounts, micro-insurance, and mobile money transfer that are specifically tailored to meet the needs of the often excluded low-income mass market. Delivering these products and services on a large scale, however, cannot be achieved without accessible channels that lower the cost of service and increase reach. Alternative delivery channels (ADC), defined as those channels that expand the reach of services beyond the traditional bank branch channel, have emerged as a result of innovations in information and communication technology and a shift in consumer expectations. This handbook serves as a tool for Financial Services Providers (FSPs) to increase the technical understanding of ADC platforms and to provide practical guidance on how to approach an ADC technology project. The handbook is structured as follows: 1) Chapter one provides an overview of ADCs and the technologies that underpin them; 2) Chapter two offers guidelines to develop a channel strategy, taking into account the internal and external factors that impact strategy decisions; 3) Chapter three outlines the different components of a technology platform, aiming to provide guidance on how the channel strategy can be mapped to a specific technology platform; 4) Chapter four highlights the importance of identifying requirements and outlines the steps involved in selecting the right provider and solution; and 5) Chapter five introduces a best-practice implementation methodology and key considerations for a successful implementation. In addition, the chapter discusses how a channel should be monitored, maintained and scaled up after going live
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  • 171
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This white paper aims to create awareness - among stakeholders including policy makers, utilities, and regulators of the opportunities and challenges of the rooftop solar market. It focuses on implementation options, including public-private partnerships, and discusses practical issues related to planning and implementing rooftop solar initiatives. It discusses policy and technical issues that can help stakeholders make informed decisions, especially in terms of meeting local objectives. It presents how to involve rooftop owners and the private sector in developing the rooftop solar market while drawing on current international rooftop solar experience through case studies and interviews. It offers an overview of the nascent market in India, and specifically the Gujarat rooftop solar program. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 172
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This note presents practical guidance on how to implement a framework for managing fiscal commitments from Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). It draws on specific regional operational experience and on World Bank Institute (WBI)'s wider thematic engagement with different partners worldwide. The note provides practical advice on how to: consistently identify and assess fiscal commitments arising from PPPs during project preparation and implementation; incorporate these into the project approval process, including budgeting for these appropriately; and strengthen the monitoring and reporting of fiscal commitments over the lifetime of the project. It explains the fiscal commitments that can arise from PPP projects; why governments may find it difficult to assess and manage these fiscal commitments and incorporate them into project selection; and the key components of an institutional framework to manage fiscal commitments at both the development and implementation stages of a project, including the roles, responsibilities, and processes for managing PPP fiscal commitments
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  • 173
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the boardroom, disagreements are often unavoidable - especially when the board is composed of independent minded, skilled, and outspoken directors. A board that never argues or disagrees is most likely to be an inactive, passive, or inattentive board - in other words, an ineffective board that is neither fulfilling its oversight function nor carrying out its duty of care. If boardroom disagreements and or shareholder conflicts are not dealt with properly, they can devolve into acrimonious disputes that undermine a company's operation and performance. Left unchecked and unattended, these disputes escalate quickly into public matters that can have severe, long-term consequences for the company and its key stakeholders. These disputes can lead to poor performance, scare investors, produce waste, divert resources, cause share values to decline, and, in some cases, paralyze a company. In 2012, the center for effective dispute resolution (CEDR) and the corporate governance group of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) undertook a joint project to explore the causes, nature, and methods of resolving corporate governance disputes. As part of this ongoing project, CEDR and IFC carried out a global survey. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 174
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This study investigates the state of the electronic (e) and mobile (m)-commerce sector in Vietnam and its impact on the development of cashless payments and online financial services. The e- and m-commerce sector in Vietnam is growing organically. Although still immature and small in volume, advances in the region suggest that the sector will continue to expand and that investment is increasing in startups involved in payments, FinTech, third party logistics, and software aiming to support development. Vietnam has one of the fastest growing economies globally and the World Bank estimates that its GDP per capital will double in the next decade. It is one of the most populous countries in South East Asia with a majority of its inhabitants under 30. The rest of this document is structured as follows: Section two provides a short overview of the research conducted with end users and clients of e- and m-commerce firms; Section three describes the company survey methodology and the survey population of e-and m-commerce and support service firms; Section four presents the results from the survey including findings about payment acceptance and usage by e-and m-commerce firms and their clients as well as the business of payments and related services and logistics providers supporting the industry in Vietnam; and Section five provides key conclusions. The Annex to this report contains information about the surveyed companies, questionnaires and a snap shot of the front running firms and investors that are active in this market segment
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  • 175
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the past decade, animal welfare has been increasingly recognized in importance in commercial livestock operations. Governments, academic institutions, and animal welfare professionals are addressing animal welfare at different points in the agricultural supply chain, while consumers are demanding higher standards for food safety and animal welfare. Meanwhile, regional and global initiatives to provide guidance on acceptable animal welfare practices have emerged. IFC is committed to working with clients to reduce losses, increase productivity, and/or access new markets through the application of sustainability principles, including animal welfare standards. This Good Practice Note (GPN), which supersedes the 2006 edition, contributes to IFC s continued commitment to supporting clients in a responsible and forward-looking approach to traditional livestock production (dairy, beef, broiler chickens, layer chickens, pigs, and ducks) and aquaculture in intensive and extensive systems to, among other things, help producers access and maintain entry to high quality and value market segments. This GPN describes a range of animal welfare good practice and complements IFC s Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability (2012), in particular animal husbandry requirements for IFC clients as reflected in Performance Standard (PS): biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of living natural resources. The note also describes IFC s approach to animal welfare, including details on IFC s approach to due diligence. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 176
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, creates opportunity for people to escape poverty and improve their lives. The Indonesia Corporate Governance Manual (CG Manual) was commissioned by IFC as part of the Indonesia Corporate Governance Program that IFC is implementing in Indonesia since 2012. As part of this Program, IFC has established a formal cooperation with Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). A key product of this cooperation between IFC and OJK is the development of this Indonesia Corporate Governance Manual, which serves as a learning instrument to benchmark existing standards and practices in Indonesia with internationally recognized best practices. In this respect, this Corporate Governance Manual should be considered as a major tool for Corporate Governance in Indonesia as it targets a wide spectrum of stakeholders, such as directors and commissioners, academics, policymakers, corporate governance experts and more generally, individuals and institutions interested to know about the corporate governance framework in Indonesia. IFC is happy to be part of this initiative with OJK and remains committed to helping raise governance standards across the market and contribute to a sustainable private sector in Indonesia. The Fifteen chapters of the Manual focus on the key corporate governance issues. All issues are closely examined through Indonesian law and regulations and when applicable, internationally recognized best practices. While it is recommended to read the entire Manual to gain a full understanding of the corporate governance framework in Indonesia, it is not necessary to read all the chapters in chronological order. The reader is encouraged to begin with a topic of interest and follow the links and references included in the text for guidance to other chapters. Examples, illustrations, and checklists are included to make the Manual clear and useful
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  • 177
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The report aims to assess the current market for movable assets based lending with respect to micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. The sections of the report highlight the addressable demand for MSMEs and the current supply provided by various formal sources of financing in Indonesia. Traditionally, financial institutions have preferred lending against fixed asset collateral only. Using that as a starting point, the report seeks to identify the current challenges in lending against movable assets. It further extends the need for a greater financial infrastructure that can facilitate the ability of lenders to evaluate risks in movable assets based lending. This report delves into the lending challenges faced by MSMEs as well as the challenges that restrict greater supply of credit by financial institutions. It draws on data and insights based on discussions with over 70 financial institutions in Indonesia, and an understanding of the credit requirements of MSMEs - based on over 850 sample cases for quantitative data. These findings were further examined through in-depth qualitative discussions with 34 MSMEs spread across multiple regions in Indonesia. As the Indonesian economy follows a traditional model of providing credit based on fixed collateral, such as land and buildings, the study focuses on: (i) understanding the current credit demand that can be potentially addressed by movable assets to complement the traditional model, and (ii) the challenges that need to be addressed to facilitate the ensuing movable assets based lending
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  • 178
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, seeks to promote private sector led growth in order to support job creation and inclusive growth. In this context, an important priority of IFC in Lebanon is to support small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In Lebanon, SMEs represent 97 percent of the total formal enterprises, employ more than 51 percent of the working population, and are mostly family-owned. Supporting Lebanese SMEs is therefore an important mechanism for increasing employment opportunities, and improved access to finance for SMEs is an essential factor allowing SMEs to grow. As part of its activities in Lebanon, IFC partners with local banks and other financial institutions to (i) broaden their networks and facilitate greater outreach to SMEs; and (ii) offer innovative products that expand financing options for SMEs. Fransabank and IFC have had a long-standing relationship dating back to the 1990s. In 2007, IFC supported Fransabank under the Lebanon Rebuild Program with two facilities including a risk-sharing facility to support the bank's lending to SMEs. IFC's counter-cyclical support not only provided liquidity but also helped restore investor confidence in Lebanon and its private sector in a post-conflict situation. Measuring the impact of IFC's investment and advisory activities can be complex. With the idea of quantifying job creation through financial markets investments in Lebanon, IFC and Fransabank have undertaken this in-depth study. The key objectives of the study are: (i) to measure the job impact on SMEs from increased access to finance; and (ii) to understand the broader development outcomes facilitated by engagements in the financial sector. The results are based on a survey implemented in March 2013, which sampled 73 companies that received loans from Fransabank during 2008 and 2011. The enterprises ranged from very small to medium firms in the service, agribusiness, and manufacturing sectors across the five regions of Lebanon. While it is difficult to draw any definitive conclusions from these findings, the results validate that SMEs are vital and have the potential to contribute significantly to job creation. The findings should also encourage financial institutions like Fransabank to continue supporting SMEs through financing and other services to promote sustained job growth in Lebanon
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  • 179
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Environmental and social responsibility is becoming more and more important in today's global economy. There are thousands of environmental and social codes and standards in the world today. The codes and standards define the rules and the objectives. But the challenge is in the implementation. An environmental and social management system (ESMS) helps companies to integrate the rules and objectives into core business operations, through a set of clearly defined, repeatable processes. This handbook is intended to be a practical guide to help companies in the food and beverage industry develop and implement an environmental and social management system, which should help to improve overall operations. Sections I and II provide background on ESMS in the food and beverage industry. Section III provides step-by-step instructions on how to develop and implement an ESMS. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Environmental and social responsibility is becoming more and more important in today's global economy. There are thousands of environmental and social codes and standards in the world today. The codes and standards define the rules and the objectives. But the challenge is in the implementation. An environmental and social management system helps companies to integrate the rules and objectives into core business operations, through a set of clearly defined, repeatable processes. This handbook provides tools to build or enhance a company's environmental and social management system (ESMS). Section I is the Toolkit - sample documents, blank forms, flowcharts, checklists and templates. There are tools for each of the nine elements in the ESMS. Section II is the Case Studies - examples of how two different companies used the tools and developed and implemented an ESMS appropriate to the size and nature of their business
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  • 181
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of this case study is to document an example of the successful design and implementation of housing micronance (HMF) products by analyzing the approach taken by the First Micronance Bank of Afghanistan (FMFB-A) from 2009 to 2013. This report aims to encourage other lenders to follow suit and offer housing-related loans to low-income earners. It is part of IFC's MENA Micronance Knowledge Management project, which aims to raise awareness among micronanceinstitutions (MFIs) about the importance of risk management, product development, and transformation. FMFB-A was established in 2003 with the mission to reduce poverty and promote nancial inclusion by providing its clients with access to nancial services. Shareholders of FMFB-A are the Aga Khan Agency for Micronance (AKAM), Aga Khan Foundation USA, the German Development Bank (KfW), and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). FMFB-A has a nation-widepresence in Afghanistan and serves over 53,000 clients with an outstanding portfolio of 64.5 million dollars. Housing nance accounts for about 17 percent of its total portfolio. FMFB-Ais currently the only MFI in Afghanistan that offers a housing micronance product. FMFB-A implemented a rigorous, albeit exible, approach to the roll-out of its HMF products in Afghanistan. The idea to develop an HMF product at FMFB-A started in 2007 as a response to client demand. Its aim has been to increase access to housing micronance for Afghanistan's low-income households in urban and rural areas. It also sought to improve the quality of housing for this segment by offering construction technical assistance (CTA) services
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  • 182
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The private sector, through investment and job creation, plays a crucial role in a country's fight against poverty. Where an effective private sector is lacking, business registration reform has been shown to be one of the essential first steps toward fostering private-sector growth. The easier, faster, and cheaper the business registration process becomes, the higher the number of businesses in an economy. A number of recent studies have found that simpler registration processes translate into advantages for workers and employers, including greater employment opportunities, more productive jobs, and higher total factor productivity. In addition, society as a whole benefits from registration reform. Business registration reform also has the potential to reduce both informality and gender disparity in entrepreneurship. This toolkit provides a systematic analysis of various reform options and is meant to serve as a guide for policy makers and practitioners implementing business registration reform. The toolkit thus displays the fundamentals of international good practice that can be adapted to specific country contexts in a coherent, consistent, and sustainable way
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  • 183
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Supply chain risk has become a major area of concern for companies in the agribusiness sector, as well as for their customers, financiers, and external stakeholders. The threats that environmental and social (E and S) risks pose to brand values and product quality are making those risks more material, often reaching thresholds of major importance to the core business of agriculture and food companies. This good practice handbook is intended for those agro-commodity companies that want to better manage supply chain E and S risks. Agro-commodity supply chains often stretch over multiple supplier companies and multiple countries. Through its eight performance standards on E and S sustainability, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) requires its clients to identify, avoid, mitigate, and manage E and S risks and impacts as a way of conducting sustainable business. IFC recognizes that there is a broader range of significant E and S risks in agro commodity supply chains beyond these four core areas, and the approach set out in this handbook can be applied beyond these areas. The handbook focuses on five major agro-commodity supply chains- palm oil, soy, sugarcane, cocoa, and coffee however, many of the tools, resources, and case studies can be used as guidance for other agro-commodities
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  • 184
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The report's main objective is to provide policy makers, regulators, and the private sector, primarily in emerging economies and developing countries, with a tool for enforcing international best practice and for developing strategies for successful reforms in the area of construction regulation. This paper is divided into the following eight chapters: 1) the importance of construction regulation reform. The first chapter defines three overarching goals of construction-regulation reform and addresses why and how these efforts can pay off; 2) reforms as good regulation not deregulation. This chapter points out that deregulating is not the answer; 3) the distribution and focus of construction regulation reform. Leveraging eight years of data from the doing business reports, this chapter provides an overview of reforms initiated within the doing business scenario and the key regional trends; 4) eight key policies affecting process efficiency, transparency, regulatory outcomes, and costs. This chapter provides a concise description of eight priority policy areas; 5) initiating reform and addressing typical challenges. Based on international experience, this chapter focuses on how to start reforms and covers issues including who should be involved in construction-regulation reform and how reform should be sequenced; 6) an overview of best practices. This chapter summarizes the best practices around four major issues, namely, building codes, procedures and transparency, payment of fees, and measures concerning stakeholder liability and accountability; 7) performance measures and evaluation of building regulatory systems. This chapter defines guiding principles for leading the reform effort and includes a meaningful set of indicators and a framework for monitoring outcomes; and 8) ten case studies. This chapters 10 in-depth case studies round out the discussion
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  • 185
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The G20 countries have increasingly recognized the importance of green growth in recent years, and many countries are demonstrating strong leadership through effective and progressive policies.The focus has so far been on creating new economic opportunities while solving environmental and resource scarcity challenges. However, governments do not act alone-the private sector is a natural partner, providing new technologies, business models and investment opportunities across a variety of sectors to help scale-up transformation. Since the 2008 Pittsburgh G20 Summit, inorder to foster these partnerships and leadership by the private sector there has beena surge in related intergovernmental, non-governmental and private sector platforms, to actively promote government policies and public-private partnerships to deliver greater investment in resource-efficient, low-carbon infrastructure and services. As the largest development finance institution dedicated to private sector development,with a strong emphasis on sustainability,International Finance Corporation (IFC) was commissioned to undertake an extensive literature review as a stocktaking exercise on existingmechanisms to mobilize private capital for inclusive green growth (IGG) investmentsin developing countries, as preparation for LosCabos. This overview starts with the high-level findings of the expanded literature review. In order to help readers navigate the vast amounts of information reviewed, a software tool has been developed that allows searches by theme, geography, sector, instrument, and nother interests. The overview then provides a mapping of financial flows relevant to IGG based on existing information and identifies gaps in our knowledge along sectoral and geographical lines
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  • 186
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: On 28 May, 2013, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted decree no. 449 on the mechanism for the promotion of renewable energy (RE) on the wholesale electricity and capacity market. Decree no. 449 integrates support for renewable energy sources for electricity (RES-E) into the capacity market. This is a very different approach to that applied in most of the existing support mechanisms in other countries, where RES-E is promoted on the basis of the electricity output (MWh) rather than the installed capacity (MW or MW per month) of RE installations. Promoting RES-E through the capacity market is a way for the Russian authorities to overcome some of the legal and technical challenges faced by previous support initiatives and, importantly, to control the costs of RE. This approach fits well with the specific regulatory architecture of the Russian wholesale electricity market, which comprises both an energy and capacity segment. This report introduces Russia's new capacity-based scheme and examines how the Russian authorities have integrated the variability of RE sources into the regulation of capacity supply. This analysis will highlight the risk of legal uncertainty affecting the business case for RE investors under the capacity-based scheme. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 187
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Political Economy of Public Policies
    Abstract: The agricultural and food sector is an ideal case for investigating the political economy of public policies. Many of the policy developments in this sector since the 1950s have been sudden and transformational, while others have been gradual but persistent. This paper reviews and synthesizes the literature on trends and fluctuations in market distortions and the political-economy explanations that have been advanced. Based on a rich global data set covering a half-century of evidence on commodities, countries, and policy instruments, the paper identifies hypotheses that have been explored in the literature on the extent of market distortions and the conditions under which reform may be feasible
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  • 188
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Food Price Spikes, Price Insulation, and Poverty
    Abstract: This paper has two purposes. It first considers the impact on world food prices of the changes in restrictions on trade in staple foods during the 2008 world food price crisis. Those changes-reductions in import protection or increases in export restraints-were meant to partially insulate domestic markets from the spike in international prices. The authors find that this insulation added substantially to the spike in international prices for rice, wheat, maize, and oilseeds. As a result, although domestic prices rose less than they would have without insulation in some developing countries, in many other countries they rose more than they would have in the absence of such insulation. The paper's second purpose it to estimate the combined impact of such insulating behavior on poverty in various developing countries and globally. The analysis finds that the actual poverty-reducing impact of insulation is much less than its apparent impact, and that its net effect was to increase global poverty in 2008 by 8 million people, although this increase was not significantly different from zero. Since there are domestic policy instruments, such as conditional cash transfers, that could now provide social protection for the poor far more efficiently and equitably than variations in border restrictions, the authors suggest it is time to seek a multilateral agreement to desist from changing restrictions on trade when international food prices spike
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  • 189
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper examines the general purpose licensing imposed by central or local authorities, and the need to eliminate unnecessary licensing regulations imposed on businesses. This paper does not address the issue of reform of sector-specific or professional licensing regulation, but provides criteria and tools for identifying unnecessary licensing regulations, and their elimination or, in some instances, for changing licensing regulations to free notifications. Indeed, this paper argues that a simplified review of licensing regimes that identifies unnecessary licensing saves energy and resources for well-balanced reform of remaining licensing regulations, eventually providing better protection for the public at large and a more enabling business environment. This paper is primarily oriented towards reform practitioners from governments that intend to reform their business environments; development agencies; donor-funded projects; practitioners of licensing reforms; and others interested in improving state and local governance. This paper is divided into three parts: (1) overview of licensing practices that provides common definitions of licensing, analysis of justified licensing regimes with focus on criteria for their justification, and theoretical overview of unjustified and questionable licenses; (2) analysis of commonly declared functions of unjustified licenses that provides insight into the nature of these licenses and their typology; and (3) four case studies that examine how unjustified licenses can be reformed with examples of unsuccessful, partially successful, and successful reform efforts. The analytical conclusions of this paper summarize criteria for unjustified licenses; describe lessons learned from the reform efforts; and provide a practical set of recommendations to the interested parties
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  • 190
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Banks in emerging markets are increasingly providing non-financial services to their SME clients, typically consisting of information sharing, training and consultancy. This study, published by IFC in partnership with the Austrian Government, is the first to explore reasons behind this trend, finding that banks' key motivations include attracting and retaining customers, and strengthening portfolio quality. The report consists of an overview followed by case studies of three banks, namely Tark Ekonomi Bankasa (TEB), Standard Chartered Bank (SCB), and ICICI Bank. It is estimated that there are 365 to 445 million formal and informal micro, small, and medium enterprises, with a subset of 25 to 35 million formal SMEs, in the developing world. Of these, 70 percent do not use external financing from financial institutions, although they are in need of it. Approximately 85 percent suffer from credit constraints
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  • 191
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Municipal solid waste (MSW) management system is one of the key components of a country's overall environmental and resource efficiency framework. Inefficient MSW treatment in Russia today is causing negative environmental impact, and results in suboptimal use of raw materials and energy. If Russia optimized its MSW management policy and implemented modern technologies, by 2025 it could fully shift towards environmentally friendly MSW management system and recover up to 45 percent of waste. As a result, by 2025 more than 200 metric tons of MSW would be recovered to raw materials and energy instead of landfilling. This would require investing up to 40 billion and would generate additional 2 billion in revenues from recoverable fractions
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  • 192
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report shows how business registers employ information and communication technology (ICT) to perform their functions more efficiently while at the same time providing businesses with more user-friendly services. Particular attention is paid to achieving innovative solutions, that is, solutions using ICT as a catalyst for re-engineering the registration process to improve users experiences and to provide useful services and high-quality information for both the private and the public sectors. In addition, this analysis demonstrates that business registers play an increasingly important part in e-Government solutions. Aimed at integrating services, e-Government solutions build on information sharing. This underscores the importance of business registers as master data sources. This analysis is based on data from the following sources: a 2011 survey of 41 business registers conducted by the Bronnoysund register centre in cooperation with the World Bank Group; case studies undertaken in 2011 in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Italy, Vietnam, and Norway; the 2011 World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC) doing business report; the 2011 World Bank Group study of ICT solutions in 34 company registers; the 2011 European commerce registers forum report; and the International Council On Archives (CIA) factbook
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  • 193
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2003 International Finance Corporation (IFC) committed a loan of US
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  • 194
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Distortions to Agriculture and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Abstract: To what extent has Sub-Saharan Africa's slow economic growth over the past five decades been due to price and trade policies that discouraged production of agricultural relative to non-agricultural tradables? This paper uses a new set of estimates of policy induced distortions to relative agricultural prices to address this question econometrically. First, the authors test if these policy distortions respond to economic growth, using rainfall and international commodity price shocks as instrumental variables. They find that on impact there is no significant response of relative agricultural price distortions to changes in real GDP per capita growth. Then, the authors test the reverse proposition and find a statistically significant and sizable negative effect of relative agricultural price distortions on the growth rate of Sub-Saharan African countries. The fixed effects estimates yield that, during the 1960-2005 period, a ten percentage points increase in distortions to relative agricultural prices decreased the region's real GDP per capita growth rate by about half a percentage point per annum
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  • 195
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This policy note has two ...
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  • 196
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780980623826 , 0980623820 , 0980623820 , 9780980623895 , 9780980623826
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource)
    Parallel Title: Print version Reforming Trade Policy in Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands
    Keywords: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (Organization) ; World Trade Organization ; Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (Organization) ; World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Oceania ; Papua New Guinea ; Commercial policy ; International economic relations ; Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (Organization) ; Papua New Guinea Foreign economic relations ; Oceania Commercial policy ; Papua New Guinea Commercial policy ; Oceania Foreign economic relations ; Papua New Guinea ; Oceania ; Papua New Guinea ; Oceania
    Note: Title from publishers bibliographic system (viewed on 11 Apr 2014)
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  • 197
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Martin, Will Export Restrictions and Price Insulation During Commodity Price Booms
    Abstract: For individual countries, variable trade barriers can be used to reduce the volatility of domestic relative to world prices. If this is done by countries accounting for a large share of the market, its effect is offset by increases in world price volatility. This study shows the nature of the resulting collective action problem, with the policy being ineffective on average in stabilizing domestic prices while increasing the volatility of the income transfers from terms-of-trade changes. A simple approach to assessing the contribution of insulation to the price increases is developed and used with new estimates of agricultural distortions to assess its contribution to the price spikes in 1972-74 and 2006-08 for rice and wheat. The analysis suggests that 45 percent of the increase in rice prices in 2006-08, and 30 percent of the increase in wheat prices, was due to insulating behavior. One sign of progress since 1972-74 was a substantial reduction in the extent of price-insulating behavior by the industrial countries. This provides little stabilizing benefit in the rice market because countries not classifying themselves at the World Trade Organization as developing account for only 3 percent of world rice consumption. But it does offer some benefit for the wheat market where non-developing countries account for 27 percent of consumption
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  • 198
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mining, Oil and Gas
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report is intended to provide guidance on best practices in mining licensing, based on examples from low, middle and high income countries in Africa, Asia, North America, and South America. It is not a 'how-to guide' or a licensing implementation toolkit, but rather identifies certain common features of successful mining licensing regimes worldwide that other national or sub-national jurisdictions might usefully incorporate in new mining laws and regulations or revisions or existing ones. The case studies and other examples of good and bad practice are intended to provide a cross-section by geography and by income level, and they demonstrate that the prevalence of good and bad practices is not simply a function of income level. Tanzania, one of the poorest countries in the world, has in many respects a better licensing regime than either South Africa or the U.S. State of Wisconsin. In considering these complex issues, it has proven difficult to confine the discussion purely to questions of licensing. Discussion of licensing invariably invokes reference to overall policy and investment climate issues, environmental protection, labor law, taxation, national and sub-national jurisdiction, land tenure, and much more. This report makes no attempt to address all of these in detail but refers to them in reference to their interactions with and effect on, licensing itself. Far more detailed research on mineral policy, taxation, investment climate, and other issues has been carried out, some of it referred to in this report and cited in the footnotes and bibliography
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  • 199
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Women, business and the law focuses on this critical piece of the puzzle, objectively highlighting differentiations on the basis of gender in 141 economies around the world, covering six areas: accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, providing incentives to work, building credit and going to court. Women, business and the law describes regional trends and shows how economies are changing across these six areas, tracking governments' actions to expand economic opportunities for women. For men and women throughout the developing world, the chance to start and run a business or get a good job is the surest hope for a way out of poverty. It also requires good business regulation, suited to the purpose, streamlined and accessible, so that the opportunity to build a business or have a good job is dependent not on connections, wealth or power, but on an individual's initiative and ability. The doing business report has led the way in providing data to countries about creating a sounder and more streamlined business environment. Women, Business, and the Law 2012 are the second in this series of reports. This edition retains the same basic structure of the 2010 pilot edition, while significantly expanding the depth of data covered. While the number of topics covered is the same, there has been a significant expansion of the data collected within these topics, thus addressing some of the initial shortcomings of the pilot edition. The number of economies covered has also been expanded from 128 to 141
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  • 200
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Sierra Leone's devastating 11-year civil war destroyed much of its infrastructure, and left its economy in tatters. In 2004, two years after the end of the war, Sierra Leone asked the investment climate (IC) advisory services of the World Bank Group to help create a better business and investment climate that will lay a foundation for the country's future economic growth. Answering the call, the World Bank Group's IC advisory services partnered with the United Kingdom's (UK's) Department for International Development (DFID) to design a program to help Sierra Leone improve its business climate, encourage job creation, and spur investment. The result of this partnership was the removing administrative barriers to investment (RABI) program, which ran from 2004 to 2010. RABI pioneered a collaborative approach by working closely with the government, local institutions, and the private sector to implement a comprehensive, integrated agenda that focused on reforms in the following four areas: reducing barriers to businesses operating in the formal sector by simplifying new business registration.; streamlining tax administration, reforming tax policy, and supporting the national revenue authority to simplify taxes; creating a platform for effective and constructive dialogue between the government and the private sector in focal areas such as financial sector reform, access to land, and overall improvements in the investment climate, and supporting reform in those areas; and building and developing an effective investment and trade facilitation structure and promoting Sierra Leone as a vibrant and desirable location for business, especially in the tourism and agribusiness sectors. The RABI program was innovative and responsive, conducting rapid diagnostics, proposing integrated solutions, and moving quickly into implementation with support staff on the ground. The program was also one of the first of its kind to operate in a conflict-affected country, which demand specialized and targeted support solutions
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