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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trois atouts qui doivent permettre à la Finlande de garder une longueur d’avance
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Three reasons why Finland can stay on top
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going digital and creating that butterfly
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe La transformation numérique, ou la métamorphose d’une chenille en papillon
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Des PME essentielles pour une croissance plus inclusive
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Industry and Services
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe International co-operation is the surest means of building better policies for better lives
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Economics
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ce qui nous rapproche
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe La coopération internationale est le plus sûr moyen de construire des politiques meilleures pour une vie meilleure
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Economics
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  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1508
    Schlagwort(e): Außenhandel ; Branchenentwicklung ; Brexit ; EU-Mitgliedschaft ; EU-Staaten ; CGE-Modell ; Irland ; Economics ; Ireland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides estimates of the potential effects on exports, imports, production, factor demand and GDP in Ireland of an exit of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU), focusing on trade and FDI channels. Owing to the high uncertainty regarding the final trade agreement between the negotiating parties, the choice has been made to assume a worst-case outcome where trade relations between the United Kingdom and EU are governed by World Trade Organization (WTO) most favoured nation (MFN) rules. In doing so, it provides something close to an upper bound estimate of the negative economic impact taking into account the potential for some firms to relocate to Ireland. Any final trade agreement that would result in closer relationships between the United Kingdom and the EU could reduce this negative impact. The simulations use two large-scale models: a global macroeconomic model (NiGEM) and a general equilibrium trade model (METRO). These models are used to quantify, both at the macroeconomic and the sectoral level, two key channels through which Ireland would be affected: trade and foreign direct investment. The simulation results highlight that the negative effect on trade could result in Ireland's GDP falling by 1½ per cent in the medium-term and around 2½ per cent in the long-term. The impacts are highly heterogeneous across sectors. Agriculture, food, and some smaller manufacturing sectors experience the largest declines in total gross exports at over 15%. By contrast, financial services exports increase slightly. The modelling suggests that any positive offsetting impact to the trade shock from increased inward FDI to Ireland is likely to be modest.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe SMEs are key for more inclusive growth
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Industry and Services
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe What brings us together?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264085107 , 9789264303683 , 9789264303676
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 100 p. , 21 x 28cm
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Care needed
    DDC: 330
    Schlagwort(e): Alterskrankheit ; Pflegebedürftigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Across the OECD, nearly 19 million people are living with dementia. Millions of family members and friends provide care and support to loved ones with dementia throughout their lives. Globally, dementia costs over USD 1 trillion per year and represents one of the leading causes of disability for elderly adults. These numbers will continue to rise as populations age. Until a cure or disease-modifying treatment for dementia is developed, the progress of the disease cannot be stopped. This report presents the most up-to-date and comprehensive cross-country assessment of the state of dementia care in OECD countries. In recent years, OECD countries have enhanced their efforts to provide high-quality dementia care during diagnosis, early and advanced dementia, but improving measurement is necessary for enhancements in care quality and outcomes for people with dementia. The report advises a set of policies that can help countries to improve diagnosis, strengthen access to care services, improve the quality of care, and support the families and carers of people living with dementia. Measuring and comparing the services that are delivered to people with dementia and the outcomes they achieve is a crucial part of improving dementia care. Most health systems have very poor data on dementia care and countries should work to strengthen the measurement of quality and outcomes of dementia care.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264304505 , 9789264307223 , 9789264307230
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 200 p. , 21 x 28cm
    Serie: The Development Dimension
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Enhancing connectivity through transport infrastructure
    Schlagwort(e): Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Private Investition ; Welt ; Development
    Kurzfassung: Transport infrastructure is crucial to connect developing countries and help them to boost trade, growth and regional integration. This is because cross-border or long-distance roads and railways as well as international ports and airports are needed to move products and people around in a globalised world. What can bilateral and multilateral development partners do to help connect developing countries through transport infrastructure? This report takes stock of continental and regional transport plans in Africa, Asia, Latin America and parts of Europe to place development co-operation in context. It then examines the strategies and activities of development partners for transport connectivity. It also takes a hard look at the allocation of official development finance for transport connectivity, particularly in relation to the distribution of private investment for the same types of infrastructure. How large is the financing gap for transport connectivity to meet the Sustainable Development Goals? What can development partners do to fill this gap? How can they create an environment that can help mobilise more private resources? The report provides a comprehensive picture of the current state of play as well as food for thought on what can be done to move forward. It also features 16 profiles of development partners and their activities for improving transport connectivity.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Economics
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Korea, Republic of
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  • 21
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1351
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliche Investition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Simulation ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper seeks to identify the conditions under which raising public investment can sustainably lift growth without deteriorating public finances. To do so, it relies on a range of simulations using three different macro-structural models. According to the simulations, OECD governments could finance a ½ percentage point of GDP investment-led stimulus for three to four years on average in OECD countries without raising the debt-to-GDP ratio in the medium term, provided projects are sound. After one year, the average output gains for the large advanced economies of such a stimulus amount to 0.4-0.6%. However, the gains are particularly uncertain for Japan. Reprioritising spending in later years would lead to average long-term output gains of between 0.5 to 2% in the large advanced economies. Those gains depend on the assumptions made on the rate of return. Hysteresis reinforces the case for an investment-led stimulus. Output gains will also be higher if the stimulus is combined with structural reforms and if countries act collectively.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pérenniser la reprise irlandaise pour tous
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Ireland
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  • 23
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD economic policy paper no. 16 (April 2016)
    Serie: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.16
    Schlagwort(e): Vertrauen ; Deregulierung ; Auslandsinvestition ; Einwanderung ; Qualifikation ; Risiko ; EU-Mitgliedschaft ; Brexit ; Schock ; EU-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Membership of the European Union has contributed to the economic prosperity of the United Kingdom. Uncertainty about the outcome of the referendum has already started to weaken growth in the United Kingdom. A UK exit (Brexit) would be a major negative shock to the UK economy, with economic fallout in the rest of the OECD, particularly other European countries. In some respects, Brexit would be akin to a tax on GDP, imposing a persistent and rising cost on the economy that would not be incurred if the UK remained in the EU. The shock would be transmitted through several channels that would change depending on the time horizon. In the near term, the UK economy would be hit by tighter financial conditions and weaker confidence and, after formal exit from the European Union, higher trade barriers and an early impact of restrictions on labour mobility. By 2020, GDP would be over 3% smaller than otherwise (with continued EU membership), equivalent to a cost per household of GBP 2200 (in today’s prices). In the longer term, structural impacts would take hold through the channels of capital, immigration and lower technical progress. In particular, labour productivity would be held back by a drop in foreign direct investment and a smaller pool of skills. The extent of foregone GDP would increase over time. By 2030, in a central scenario GDP would be over 5% lower than otherwise – with the cost of Brexit equivalent to GBP 3200 per household (in today’s prices). The effects would be larger in a more pessimistic scenario and remain negative even in the optimistic scenario. Brexit would also hold back GDP in other European economies, particularly in the near term resulting from heightened uncertainty would create about the future of Europe. In contrast, continued UK membership in the European Union and further reforms of the Single Market would enhance living standards on both sides of the Channel.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Governance ; Economics
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sustaining Ireland's recovery for all
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Ireland
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264229945
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Serie: PISA
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'égalité des sexes dans l'éducation ; Aptitudes, comportement et confiance
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'égalité des sexes dans l'éducation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The ABC of gender equality in education
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungschancen ; Geschlechterunterschiede ; Schüler ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; PISA-Studie ; Geschlechtsunterschied ; Schulleistungsmessung
    Kurzfassung: This fascinating compilation of the recent data on gender differences in education presents a wealth of data, analysed from a multitude of angles in a clear and lively way. In particular it looks at underperformance among boys, lack of self confidence among girls and family, school and societal influences before addressing policies to help boys and girls reach their full potential.
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264235120 , 9264232664
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als In it together
    DDC: 339.209177
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Soziale Ungleichheit
    Kurzfassung: The gap between rich and poor keeps widening. Growth, if any, has disproportionally benefited higher income groups while lower income households have been left behind. This long-run increase in income inequality not only raises social and political concerns, but also economic ones. It tends to drag down GDP growth, due to the rising distance of the lower 40% from the rest of society. Lower income people have been prevented from realising their human capital potential, which is bad for the economy as a whole. This book highlights the key areas where inequalities are created and where new policies are required, including: the consequences of current consolidation policies; structural labour market changes with rising non-standard work and job polarization; persisting gender gaps; the challenge of high wealth concentration, and the role for redistribution policies.
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.281
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  • 29
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Globalisation and employment in the OECD
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Nous examinons dans cet article certains des changements qui pourraient se produire sur les marchés nationaux du travail de nombreux pays de l’OCDE en raison de l’internationalisation de la production des entreprises multinationales, en mettant plus particulièrement l’accent sur l’impact des flux d’investissement direct étranger (IDE) en provenance des pays de l’OCDE sur l’emploi dans le pays d’origine des entreprises investisseuses. Les études existantes laissent à penser que l’effet global des échanges et de l’internationalisation de la production sur la situation d’ensemble du marché du travail a été relativement modeste, même si certaines catégories de qualifications et de professions ont été plus fortement touchées. Les résultats empiriques présentés dans cet article tendent à indiquer que l’impact global sur l’emploi des flux sortants d’IDE varie suivant les branches d’activité et les pays. En ce qui concerne les secteurs manufacturiers entretenant des liens commerciaux étroits avec les économies non membres de l’OCDE, certains éléments montrent que l’emploi intérieur est devenu plus sensible aux variations des coûts de main-d’œuvre dans le pays considéré. À l’échelon national, nous parvenons à la conclusion que la croissance de l’investissement à l’étranger exerce un effet positif significatif sur la croissance de l’emploi intérieur aux États-Unis. À l’inverse, on constate l’existence d’une relation négative au Japon, en particulier pour les flux d’IDE à destination de la Chine. Par Margit Molnar, Nigel Pain et Daria Taglioni.
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  • 30
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/12
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  • 31
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 16 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/27
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  • 32
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/19
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  • 33
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2008 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/06
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  • 34
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/08
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  • 35
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/07
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  • 36
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The macroeconomic policy challenges of continued globalisation
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Cet article étudie les défis de politiques économiques posés par la poursuite éventuelle au cours des deux prochaines décennies de l’intégration commerciale et financière internationales. Cette étude est fondée sur l’utilisation d’un modèle macroéconomique mondial récemment développé par l’OCDE. L’analyse conduit à plusieurs implications politiques importantes. Tout d’abord, avec une part croissante des économies non membres de l’OCDE dans la production mondiale, le commerce et les marchés financiers, les changements économiques mondiaux deviendront beaucoup plus dépendants de ceux de ces économies. Ensuite, la soutenabilité des déséquilibres mondiaux des comptes courants existants dépendra en partie de la construction et de la composition futures des avoirs et engagements internationaux. Alors que les déséquilibres devraient être soutenables un certain temps si l’intégration économique continue à ce rythme, un ralentissement du processus de mondialisation augmenterait la possibilité d’un ajustement brutal des marchés financiers. Enfin, l’accroissement des liens commerciaux et internationaux implique que les chocs macroéconomiques affectant un pays ou une région donnée auront dans le futur un impact plus fort sur les autres économies que maintenant. Les décideurs politiques des pays de l’OCDE devraient donc agir plus rapidement et plus fortement aux chocs économiques affectant les économies non membres de l’OCDE afin d’en limiter l’impact sur les économies membres.
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 55-140
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 86 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Compendium des exemples pays et enseignements tirés de l'application de la Méthodologie d'évaluation des régimes nationaux de passation des marchés : Mise en commun des expériences
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 55-140
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Abstract: This paper presents the experiences and the lessons learned by 22 partner countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia related to the application of the Methodology for the Assessment of National Procurement Systems of the OECD/DAC Joint Venture on Procurement. The Methodology was developed and approved for field testing in 2006 as an input for implementing the Paris Declaration agenda and to assist in strengthening country procurement systems. It is the result of the joint efforts of multilateral and bilateral development partners and of partner countries from around the world. These experiences and lessons represent some early results achieved by a group of volunteer partner governments working in collaboration with national stakeholders from civil society, the private sector, the media, elected members of parliament and with their international development partners. The present document is limited to sharing experiences in using the Methodology. Country examples from the pilot exercises and from other applications are used as case studies. A mapping of various country experiences in using the Methodology is provided in Annex A. The present document seeks to provide useful background information drawn from various available sources.
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  • 38
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 49-105
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 58 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Ententes : Poursuites en l'absence de preuves directes
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 49-105
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Circumstantial evidence is employed in cartel cases in all countries. The better practice is to use circumstantial evidence holistically, giving it cumulative effect, rather than on an item-by-item basis. Complicating the use of circumstantial evidence are provisions in national competition laws that variously define the nature of agreements that are subject to the law. There are two general types of circumstantial evidence: communication evidence and economic evidence. Of the two, communication evidence is considered to be the more important. Economic evidence is almost always ambiguous. It could be consistent with either agreement or independent action. Therefore it requires careful analysis. National treatment of cartels, such as whether they are prosecuted as crimes or as administrative violations, can affect the burden of proof that applies to the cases, and hence the use of circumstantial evidence. It can be difficult to convince courts to accept circumstantial evidence in cartel cases, especially where the potential liability for having violated the anti-cartel provisions of the competition law is high. There are circumstances in countries that are relatively new to anti-cartel enforcement that could affect the extent to which they rely on circumstantial evidence in their cases.
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  • 39
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-47
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 42 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Ententes : Sanctions pénales contre les personnes physiques
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-47
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Corporate sanctions rarely are sufficiently high to be an optimal deterrent against cartels. Sanctions against natural persons can thus complement them. There is no systematic evidence proving the deterrent effects of sanctions on individuals, and/or assessing whether such sanctions can be justified. There is a trend among countries to accept as self-evident that individual sanctions, including imprisonment, can be a useful part of effective anti-cartel enforcement. If a country provides for individual sanctions, a strong argument can be made that relatively short prison sentences are the most cost effective deterrent. However, there are also reasons why countries may provide for longer prison sentences, most importantly that only longer statutory sentences adequately express a society’s condemnation of hard-core cartels. In addition to increasing levels of deterrence, sanctions against individuals can be a powerful incentive for individuals to reveal information about existing cartels and to cooperate in investigations. International law does not recognise the principle of double jeopardy that would prevent authorities in different countries from prosecuting the same person for participation in the same cartel. Nevertheless, where cartels are investigated in a multi-jurisdictional context, jurisdictions may consider arrangements to ensure that only one of them prosecutes an individual.
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  • 40
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 107-137
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Corée : Mise à jour du Rapport sur la loi et les institutions en matière de concurrence
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 107-137
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: This report reviews the achievements of the Korean 3-Year Market Reform Road Map. This assessment is carried out in light of the OECD’s previous recommendations to shift KFTC priorities and resources toward core competition problems related to efficiency goals and away from its historic focus on conglomerate financial structure and governance; the need for further improvements in investigative powers and a clearer rule against hard-core cartels; implementation of recommendations to repeal exemptions for “small” business and exclusions of professional services and co-ordination with sectoral regulators about competition problems; and recent institutional changes to join the KFTC with the system for applying consumer protection law. This report was the basis for a monitoring review in the October 2006 session of the Competition Committee.
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  • 41
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 199-202
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 4 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. International Regulatory Activities
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 199-202
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Agence Internationale De L’Énergie Atomique Orientations pour l’importation et l’exportation de sources radioactives, complémentaires au Code de conduite sur la sûreté et la sécurité des sources radioactives (2008)52e Conférence générale de l’AIEA (2008)
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 29-31
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 3 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Summary Notes
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 29-31
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: États-Unis Loi approuvant l’accord 123 entre les États-Unis et l’Inde (2008) Agence Internationale De L’Énergie Atomique Approbation par le Conseil des Gouverneurs de l’AIEA de l’accord sur les garanties conclu avec l’Inde (2008) Groupe Des Fournisseurs Nucléaires Déclaration sur la coopération nucléaire civile avec l’Inde (2008)
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  • 43
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 153-154
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Bilateral Agreements
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 153-154
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
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  • 44
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 95-115
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 21 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Environmental Law and Nuclear Law: A Growing Symbiosis, by Sam Emmerechts
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 95-115
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Le développement du droit international nucléaire lors des 50 dernières années s’est concentré sur la protection des personnes et des biens. La protection de l’environnement n’a été considérée que de manière occasionnelle, et les conventions internationales relatives à la responsabilité civile nucléaire illustrent amplement cette dimension. Sous le régime de la Convention de Paris de 1960 sur la responsabilité civile dans le domaine de l’énergie nucléaire et de la Convention de Vienne de 1963 relative à la responsabilité civile en matière de dommages nucléaires, la notion de dommage nucléaire recouvre le dommage aux personnes physiques et le dommage aux biens causés par un incident nucléaire. Ces conventions ne font pas référence aux atteintes à l’environnement.
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  • 45
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: More action is needed, by both Africa and the wider international community. Building peace and security is essential, both for economic development and for poverty reduction. Leadership is being taken by Africa itself. The number of conflicts has fallen. But even so, one-fifth of the population of Africa still live in conflict zones. More action is needed both to strengthen and support Africa’s own efforts to bring peace to the continent, and to tackle the wider global drivers of conflict, including the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons, and the trade in conflict resources.
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  • 46
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264066304
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Serie: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of inshell hazelnuts in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in Inshell Hazelnuts.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264043695
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Ausgabe: Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009; Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009: Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: El capital –en particular el de tipo físico– juega varios roles en la vida económica: este constituye riqueza y provee de servicios en el proceso de producción. El capital es invertido, desinvertido y se deprecia llegando a ser obsoleto, y existe una cuestión de cómo medir todas estas dimensiones del capital en la industria y en las cuentas nacionales. El Manual del Capital revisado es la primera guía comprehensiva para los enfoques hacia la medición del capital. Este está dirigido a estadísticos, investigadores y analistas, y trata de dar asesoría práctica, mientras que provee una estructura teórica y un resumen de la literatura relevante. El Manual se presenta en tres partes –una primera parte–, con una descripción no técnica de los principales conceptos y de los pasos necesarios para la medición del capital; una segunda parte, dirigida a la implementación y una tercera parte, describiendo la teoría con una formulación matemática más completa del proceso de medición.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264077195
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. An Appraisal of the Chilean Fisheries Sector
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Chile
    Kurzfassung: Chile es uno de los participantes más importantes del ámbito pesquero internacional. Este informe describe el reto que ha supuesto el complejo proceso de aprendizaje que el sector pesquero y acuícola chileno ha llevado a cabo y la evolución de sus políticas y sistemas de gestión. Pero durante los últimos cincuenta años el gobierno de los sectores industrial, artesanal y acuícola ha seguido diferentes trayectorias de desarrollo de políticas y la gestión actual refleja las presiones concretas a las que cada segmento del sector hace frente. Chile ha tenido que afrontar cuestiones de sobreinversión, severos descensos en los niveles de captura, disputas entre las partes implicadas, disminución del tamaño de las flotas y enfermedades acuícolas, entre otras. Y la evolución de las políticas continúa, con una serie de iniciativas en marcha para responder a los desafíos actuales. El Estado Chileno ha sido una de las principales fuerzas que se encuentran tras estos avances, sirviendo de base para un sector pesquero y acuícola sólido y robusto.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264081093
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this handbook is to raise the awareness level of tax examiners and auditors on money laundering. It provides guidance in identifying money laundering during the conduct of normal tax audits. It also describes the resources and tools that are available for effective detection and deterrence. While the handbook does not detail criminal investigation methods, it does describe the nature and context of money laundering activities so that tax examiners and auditors can better understand how their contribution can assist criminal investigators in countering money laundering. Tax administrations can adapt the handbook to suit their particular circumstances and to take into account the varying roles that tax administrations have in relation to reporting unusual or suspicious transactions, receiving suspicious transaction reports and investigating money laundering offences. To aid this adaptation key areas of the handbook have been highlighted for “Country Specific Insertions”. While the aim of this handbook is to raise the awareness of tax examiners and tax auditors about the possible implications of transactions or activities related to money laundering and tax crimes, the handbook is not meant to replace domestic policies and procedures.
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070783
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 412 ; Toxicité subaigüe par inhalation ; étude sur 28 jours
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 412 : Toxicité subaigüe par inhalation : étude sur 28 jours
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This revised Test Guideline 412 (TG 412) has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route following repeated exposure for a limited period of time (28 days), and to provide data for quantitative inhalation risk assessments. It was updated in 2017 to enable the testing and characterisation of effects of nanomaterials tested. Groups of at least 5 male and 5 female rodents are exposed 6 hours per day for 28 days to a) the test chemical at three or more concentration levels, b) filtered air (negative control), and/or c) the vehicle (vehicle control). Animals are generally exposed 5 days per week but exposure for 7 days per week is also allowed. Males and females are always tested, but they may be exposed at different concentration levels if it is known that one sex is more susceptible to a given test article. This guideline allows the study director the flexibility to include satellite (reversibility) groups, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung burden (LB) for particles, neurologic tests, and additional clinical pathology and histopathological evaluations in order to better characterize the toxicity of a test chemical.
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075887
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Nouvelles approches de l'agriculture africaine ; Quelques jalons
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Nouvelles approches de l'agriculture africaine : Quelques jalons
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Development
    Kurzfassung: African agriculture is a sleeping giant. Agribusiness remains in its infancy in most sub-Saharan African countries. Many of them now pay higher prices for imported food products and struggle to keep inflationary pressures under control. Given the strong long-term prospect for world food prices, increasing the productivity of food crops becomes a top priority. It requires sizeable investments in irrigation, storage, transport infrastructure and logistics, as well as better access to markets for inputs (fertilizers, seeds, planting materials and credit). While successful contract-farming schemes exist for export crops, they remain rare for food crops. Greater involvement of the private sector in designing and implementing such food-crop commercialisation programmes could develop viable local food industries. Existing international financing facilities such as the Enhanced Private Sector Assistance (EPSA) for Africa should get full use. Whether Africa can unleash the potential of commercial agriculture in the coming decades also depends in no small part on the continuous and effective support of the international development community. The findings summarised in this volume can serve as building blocks for further international discussions on fostering agro-based private-sector development and lifting smallholders out of poverty.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264076303
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 437 ; Méthode d'essai d'opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l'œil
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 437 : Méthode d'essai d'opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l'œil
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test method (BCOP) is an in vitro test method that can be used to classify substances as 'ocular corrosives and severe irritants'. The BCOP uses isolated corneas from the eyes of cattle slaughtered for commercial purposes, thus avoiding the use of laboratory animals. Each treatment group (test substance, negative/positive controls) consists of a minimum of three eyes where the cornea has been excised and mounted to a holder. Depending on the physical nature and chemical characteristics of the test substance, different methods can be used for its application since the critical factor is ensuring that the test substance adequately covers the epithelial surface. Toxic effects to the cornea are measured as opacity and permeability, which when combined gives an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for each treatment group. A substance that induces an IVIS superior or equal to 55.1 is defined as a corrosive or severe irritant.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264076228
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 ; Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons ; un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 : Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons : un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo screening assay for certain endocrine active substances where sexually mature male and spawning female fish are held together and exposed to a chemical during a limited part of their life-cycle (21 days). This assay covers the screening of oestrogenic and androgenic activity, and aromatase inhibition. The assay was validated on the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio); however zebrafish does not allow the detection of androgenic activity. At termination of the 21-day exposure period, depending on the species used, one or two biomarker endpoint(s) are measured in males and females as indicators of oestrogenic, aromatase inhibition or androgenic activity of the test chemical; these endpoints are vitellogenin and secondary sexual characteristics. Vitellogenin is measured in fathead minnow, Japanese medaka and zebrafish, whereas secondary sex characteristics are measured in fathead minnow and Japanese medaka only.
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264073579
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This report is based on four main sources: an extensive literature review, the analysis of theanswers to a questionnaire sent to FATF and FSRB members; the results of a typology workshop andsubsequent consultation with the football sector. Results to the questionnaire were obtained in October 2008 from 25 countries, mostly European,seven South-American countries, two from Asia and Australia. The responding countries differ widely insize, role and organisation of football in society (ranging from large countries with big football leagues tosmaller nations or nations with only non-professional football). Differences in information, position andinterest in the person or organisation that provided the answers (national football association, governmentrepresentatives, national FIUs, the police or judicial authorities) needed to be taken into consideration aswell.Following the analysis of questionnaires, a workshop on money laundering and the footballsector was held in Monaco in November 2008 as part of the 2008 FATF/MONEYVAL Typologiesmeeting. This workshop was very well supported by members of the FATF, MONEYVAL andrepresentatives of other countries. The following participants were involved in the 2-day breakout sessionwhich considered issues in depth: Belgium, Brazil, Cyprus, Egmont Group, France, International OlympicCommittee (IOC), Ireland, Italy, Monaco, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, theNetherlands and the United Kingdom.The study has also relied on the experience and cooperation of the private sector. Arepresentative of the IOC attended the Monaco workshop in November 2008. Consultation withrepresentatives of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and of the Union ofEuropean Football Associations (UEFA) also took place in January and April 2009. Those representativesreceived a copy of the report and were given the opportunity to comment. All the comments of the private sector were taken into account when considered relevant.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264064072
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Serie: PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This report explores the educational performance and attitudes of males and females during childhood and adolescence. It opens with a general summary of gender differences measured outside of the PISA assessment programme and then considers the knowledge gained about gender-related issues from PISA 2000, PISA 2003 and PISA 2006 when reading, mathematics and science respectively were the major domains of assessment. Among the key findings: in reading in PISA 2000, females significantly outscored males in all countries; in mathematics in PISA 2003, males outscored females somewhat; in the combined science scale in PISA 2006, there was no overall significant difference observed between males and females. However, when examining the various science competencies, knowledge components and attitudes to science, there were some marked differences.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264059429
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (322 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Chine 2009 ; Définir la frontière entre le marché et l'État
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Chine 2009 : Définir la frontière entre le marché et l'État
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als China
    DDC: 330.951
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Regulierung ; China ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Reformpolitik ; Systemtransformation ; Demokratisierung ; Governance ; China ; China ; Regulierung
    Kurzfassung: China has made enormous progress in developing the modern legal and regulatory foundation for the market economy. The private sector is now the main driver of growth, and new laws have gone a long way toward establishing private property rights, competition, and mechanisms for entry and exit comparable to those of many OECD countries. At the same time important challenges remain, including further clarification of the scope of state ownership, reform of relations among central and local governments, firmer establishment of the rule of law, and strengthening of regulatory institutions and processes. This review of China's regulatory system focuses on the overall economic context for regulatory reform, the government’s capacity to manage regulatory reform, competition policy and enforcement, and market openness. The review also examines the regulatory framework in the electricity, water and health care sectors. As for OECD countries, the review follows a multidisciplinary and highly interactive approach. A number of OECD instruments and policies are used in this assessment, although the review also takes into account the specific challenges faced by the Chinese authorities. The review includes a comprehensive set of policy recommendations.
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  • 57
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264073036
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La crise financière ; Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La crise financière : Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The financial crisis
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Internationaler Finanzmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Welt ; Internationale Finanzpolitik ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Bank ; Insolvenz ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Erde ; Finanzkrise
    Kurzfassung: The financial crisis required governments to make massive interventions in their financial systems. This book sets out priorities for reforming incentives in financial markets as well as for phasing out these emergency measures.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264054950
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement ; Document d'orientation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo ; Guía sobre Políticas
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento; Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement : Document d'orientation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo : Guía sobre Políticas
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento: Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Integrating climate change adaptation into development co-operation
    DDC: 363.73874
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Environment ; Development ; Klimaänderung ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
    Kurzfassung: The negative impacts of climate change will hit poor people and poor countries disproportionately, and further compromise the achievement of their development objectives. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation provides essential information and advice on how to facilitate the integration of adaptation into development processes. The objectives of this policy guidance are to: i) promote understanding of the implications of climate change on development practice and the associated need to mainstream climate adaptation in development co-operation agencies and partner countries; ii) identify appropriate approaches for integrating climate change adaptation into development policies at national, sectoral and project levels and in urban and rural contexts; and iii) identify practical ways for donors to support developing country partners in their efforts to reduce their vulnerability to climate variability and climate change. While efforts to integrate climate change adaptation will be led by developing country partners, international donors have a critical role to play in supporting such efforts.
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  • 59
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 10 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/07
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Reconstruire les écoles après le tremblement de terre du Wenchuan : La Chine s'inspire de l'expérience de l'OCDE, de l'Italie et de la Turquie
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: Following the May 2008 earthquake in China, government officials visited the OECD, Italy and Turkey to draw lessons from international experience in seismic safety.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264062252
    Sprache: Ukrainisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (133 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models (Russian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models (Russian version)
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
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  • 61
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.167
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report gives an overview of sensor technology and fields of application of sensors and sensor networks. It discusses in detail selected fields of application that have high potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reviews studies quantifying the environmental impact. The review of the studies assessing the impact of sensor technology in reducing greenhouse gas emissions reveals that the technology has a high potential to contribute to a reduction of emissions across various fields of application. Whereas studies clearly estimate an overall strong positive effect in smart grids, smart buildings, smart industrial applications as well as precision agriculture and farming, results for the field of smart transportation are mixed due to rebound effects. In particular intelligent transport systems render transport more efficient, faster and cheaper. As a consequence, demand for transportation and thus the consumption of resources both increase which can lead to an overall negative effect.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264060548
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. De l'eau pour tous ; Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la tarification et le financement - Messages clés pour les décideurs
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. De l'eau pour tous : Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la tarification et le financement - Messages clés pour les décideurs
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Water is vital for human and economic development, and for maintaining ecosystems. However, billions of people lack access to water and sanitation services, mainly due to poor governance and inadequate investment and maintenance. The situation is becoming more urgent due to increasing pressure, competition and even conflict over the use of water resources. The OECD has been working for many years to address these challenges. The results of recent work are summarised in Managing Water for All: An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing, which emphasises the economic and financial aspects of water resources management and water service provision, the need for an integrated approach (including governance considerations) to address these complex policy challenges, and the importance of establishing a firm evidence base to support policy development and implementation. The report examines: strategic financial planning for water supply and sanitation that balances the key sources of revenues for the water sector – the“3Ts” of taxes, tariffs and transfers; the design and implementation of water pricing strategies that balance financial sustainability with other policy objectives; recent developments in private sector participation in the water sector; and trends and the future outlook of water use in agriculture. It considers both developing and OECD countries and offers concrete recommendations and checklists for action. The report is an invaluable resource for policy makers, academics, NGOs and all others interested in the challenges facing the water sector today. The key messages for policy makers are summarised in this volume.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264072992
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (32 p)
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Public expenditure control has become a central element of economic policy in many countries. This report analyses budget practices and some recent innovations from the point of view of senior public servants in the central budget offices of nineteen OECD Member countries. It also summarises the institutional framework and procedures governing budgeting in each of these countries.
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  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264065017
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (211 p.)
    Serie: Estudios del Centro de Desarrollo
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Visible Hand of China in Latin America; (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Visible Hand of China in Latin America
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Visible Hand of China in Latin America: (Chinese version)
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: América Latina está volviendo los ojos hacia China y Asia, y éstas le corresponden. Se trata de un cambio signi­cativo: por primera vez en su historia, América Latina puede bene­ciarse no de uno, sino de tres importantes motores del desarrollo mundial. Hasta la década de los ochenta, Estados Unidos era el mayor socio comercial de la región. En los noventa, un segundo motor de desarrollo surgió con el boom de la inversión europea en América Latina. Ahora, en los albores del nuevo siglo, la creciente in‑uencia económica global de Asia, y en particular la de China, supone un potencial tercer motor de desarrollo. Este libro plantea las oportunidades y los retos que las economías latinoamericanas enfrentarán a medida que aumente la preponderancia de China en la economía mundial y en los mercados tradicionales de América Latina.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264050815
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Serie: PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: What does PISA actually assess? This book presents all the publicly available questions from the PISA surveys. Some of these questions were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys and others were used in developing and trying out the assessment. After a brief introduction to the PISA assessment, the book presents three chapters, including PISA questions for the reading, mathematics and science tests, respectively. Each chapter presents an overview of what exactly the questions assess. The second section of each chapter presents questions which were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, that is, the actual PISA tests for which results were published. The third section presents questions used in trying out the assessment. Although these questions were not used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, they are nevertheless illustrative of the kind of question PISA uses. The final section shows all the answers, along with brief comments on each question.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264044616
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (554 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Productivity measurement and analysis
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivität ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Messung ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Produktivität ; Produktivitätsmessung ; Produktivitätszuwachs
    Kurzfassung: Productivity measurement and analysis are the main topics addressed in this book, which brings together contributions presented and discussed in two international workshops organized by the Statistics Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI) of the OECD. The first workshop was organised jointly by the OECD with Fundaccion BBVA and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas and held in Madrid in October 2005, and the second one was organized jointly by the OECD and the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and the State Secretary for Economic Affairs of Switzerland and held in Bern in October 2006. The two workshops brought together representatives of statistical offices, central banks and other branches of government in OECD countries that are engaged in the analysis and the measurement of productivity developments at aggregate and industry levels.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264060777
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Serie: PISA
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Top of the class
    DDC: 371.262
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; PISA-Studie ; OECD ; Naturwissenschaften ; Unterricht ; Qualität
    Kurzfassung: The rapidly growing demand for highly skilled workers has led to a global competition for talent. While basic competencies are important for the absorption of new technologies, high-level skills are critical for the creation of new knowledge, technologies and innovation. The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has taken an innovative approach to examining educational excellence, by directly assessing students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes and exploring how these relate to the characteristics of individual students, schools and education systems. Based on PISA survey results, this report examines who the highest performing students are, what the characteristics of the schools they attend are, to what extent they engage in science related activities outside of school, what their motivations and attitudes towards science are, and what their career intentions are.
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  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059573
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (258 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als China
    Schlagwort(e): Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; China ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: With more than 700 million residents living in rural areas, China is still a predominantly rural country. But despite substantial improvements in standards of living, the Chinese countryside is largely lagging behind. This report analyses the key socio-economic forces at work in China's rural areas and discusses the current government strategy for rural development. It argues that in order to bridge rural-urban divides the current policy approach needs to go further in recognising rural-urban complementarities beyond agriculture and that food-security targets need to be balanced with wider rural development objectives.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264060203
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Serie: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Australia
    DDC: 331.3/40994
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Australien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Kurzfassung: Whatever the level of qualification, first experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a failure can be difficult to make up. This report contains - for Australia - a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, as well as a set of policy recommendations for further action.
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264067233
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses the current status of Korea’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where and how the government should focus its efforts to improve the country’s innovation capabilities. It finds that Korea has one of the highest rates of spending on R&D in the world, much of which is performed by private firms. It also has a highly educated labour force – as signalled by its impressive PISA performance and exceptionally high rates of tertiary level graduation – with a strong interest in science and technology. However, a number of bottlenecks persist that hamper Korea’s economic convergence with the leading OECD economies. These include a relatively weak SME sector and weak performance in services, as well as lagging capacities to conduct leading-edge research in many areas. Furthermore, Korea faces numerous threats in the mid term, notably increased levels of competition from China and other newly-industrialising economies, the lowest fertility rate in the OECD and an ageing society, and a continuing high dependency on imports of natural resources, particularly hydrocarbons. In the shorter term, the economic crisis offers its own challenges, with the need for some policy adjustments to deal with expected falls in business investment in R&D and growing levels of unemployment among the highly skilled.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264055698
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (229 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Sector specific sources of competitiveness in the Western Balkans
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Branche ; Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Südosteuropa ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Südosteuropa ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Investitionspolitik
    Kurzfassung: The Western Balkan region benefits from a cost-competitive labour force and geographic and cultural proximity to EU markets. However, cost competitiveness as a source of differentiation is not sustainable. Cost levels are increasing gradually in some sectors, reducing firms’ profitability. In order to sustain competitiveness, the Western Balkans needs to move up the value chain, from investing in automated technology to producing higher-quality goods and enhancing its human capital. This report examines the apparel manufacturing, automotive components and business process and technology outsourcing sectors, focusing on market competitiveness factors, industry key success factors and policy recommendations.
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  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060326
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: The revised OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises were adopted by the governments of the 30 Member countries of the OECD and Argentina, Brazil and Chile on the occasion of the OECD's annual Council meeting at Ministerial level in Paris on 27 June 2000. This booklet comprises the revised text and commentary, implementation procedures and the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.
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  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056251
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (467 p.)
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Serie: PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performance in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database. It also includes worked examples providing full syntax in SAS®.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789282102329
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.144
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international ; Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international : Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Security is critical to transport systems as they are often appealing targets for terrorist attacks. The significant costs of potential damage make effective security policies a key concern for transport decision makers. This Round Table examines the contribution economic analysis can make to improving security in aviation and maritime shipping by identifying methods for quantifying the benefits of security measures and assessing their effectiveness, and examining techniques to allocate resources targeting the highest risks.
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264039360
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This review, designed to help Spain understand how improving tertiary education can help it achieve its economic and social goals, presents an overview of Spain's tertiary education system, an account of trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommendation for future development.
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  • 77
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.160
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This primer aims to provide policy makers a broad-brush understanding of the various dimensions of digital identity management (IdM). Consistent with the Seoul Ministerial Declaration, it also aims to support efforts to address public policy issues for securely managing and protecting digital identities, with a view to strengthening confidence in the online activities crucial to the growth of the Internet Economy.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264071223
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 453 ; Études combinées de toxicité chronique et de cancérogénèse
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 453 : Études combinées de toxicité chronique et de cancérogénèse
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The objective of a combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study is to identify carcinogenic and the majority of chronic effects, and to determine dose-response relationships following prolonged and repeated exposure. The rat is typically used for this study. For rodents, each dose group and concurrent control group intended for the carcinogenicity phase of the study should contain at least 50 animals of each sex, while for the chronic toxicity phase of the study should contain at least 10 animals of each sex. At least three dose levels should be used, in addition to the concurrent control group for both the chronic toxicity phase and the carcinogenicity phase of the study. The three main routes of administration are oral, dermal, and inhalation. The Test Guideline focuses on the oral route of administration. The period of dosing and duration of the study is normally 12 months for the chronic phase, and 24 months for the carcinogenicity phase. The study report should include: measurements (weighing) and regular detailed observations (haematological examination, urinalysis, clinical chemistry), as well as necropsy procedures and histopathology. All these observations permit the detection of neoplastic effects and a determination of carcinogenic potential as well as the general toxicity.
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264049048
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Finland
    Kurzfassung: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of Finland's tertiary education system including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of the strengths and challenges, and recommendations for future policy development.
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264071209
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 452 ; Études de toxicité chronique
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 452 : Études de toxicité chronique
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The objective of these chronic toxicity studies is to characterize the profile of a substance in a mammalian species (primarily rodents) following prolonged and repeated exposure. The Test Guideline focuses on rodents and oral administration. Both sexes should be used. For rodents, at least 20 animals per sex per group should normally be used at each dose level, while for non-rodents a minimum of 4 per sex per group is recommended. At least three dose levels should be used in addition to the concurrent control group. Frequency of exposure normally is daily, but may vary according to the route chosen (oral, dermal or inhalation) and should be adjusted according to the toxicokinetic profile of the test substance. The duration of the exposure period should be 12 months. The study report should include: measurements (weighing) and regular detailed observations (haematological examination, urinalysis, clinical chemistry), as well as necropsy procedures and histopathology.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264062238
    Sprache: Russisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (143 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264070806
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 413 ; Toxicité subchronique par inhalation ; 90 jours
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 413 : Toxicité subchronique par inhalation : 90 jours
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This revised Test Guideline 413 (TG 413) has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route following repeated exposure for a period of 90 days, and to provide data for quantitative inhalation risk assessments. It was updated in 2017 to enable the testing and characterisation of effects of nanomaterials tested. Groups of at least 10 male and 10 female rodents are exposed 6 hours per day for 90 days to a) the test chemical at three or more concentration levels, b) filtered air (negative control), and/or c) the vehicle (vehicle control). Animals are generally exposed 5 days per week but exposure for 7 days per week is also allowed. Males and females are always tested, but they may be exposed at different concentration levels if it is known that one sex is more susceptible to a given test chemical. The results of the study include measurement and daily and detailed observations (haematology and clinical chemistry), as well as ophthalmology, gross pathology, organ weights, and histopathology. This Test Guideline allows the flexibility to include satellite (reversibility) groups, interim sacrifices, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung burden (LB) for particles, neurologic tests, and additional clinical pathology and histopathological evaluations in order to better characterize the toxicity of a test chemical.
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264034044
    Sprache: Russisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Serie: Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies (Russian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies; Kazakhstan 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies: Kazakhstan 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Kazakhstan
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264068537
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: A crise financeira internacional aumenta a relevância dessa publicação anual, publicada em conjunto com o Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (BafD), o Centro de Desenvolvimento da OCDE e a Comissão Económica da ONU para a África (UNECA). Decisores na África e países da OCDE, assim como agências de ajuda ao desenvolvimento, investidores, ONGs e oficiais de governo dos países assistidos, econtrarão nessa publicação análises importantes para o seu trabalho. Perspectivas Económicas na África 2009 faz uma revisão da situação económica atual e prevê a evolução de curto-prazo de 47 países africanos, que representam 99 por cento do produto interno bruto do continente e 97 por cento da sua população. A perspectiva é traçada em uma análise por país baseada num modelo analítico exclusivo. Essa estrutura inclui um exercício de previsões para o ano corrente e para os dois anos seguintes, utilizando um modelo estatístico simples e uma análise do contexto político e social. A publicação também contém uma síntese comparativa de perspectivas de paises africanos, colocando a evolução de economias africanas no contexto económico mundial. A edição de 2009 foca em inovação e tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) na África, apresentando uma revisão completa da sua proliferação e uso no continente africano. Um apêndice estatítico completa o volume. O projeto Perspectivas económicas na África é apoiado generosamente pela Comissão Europeia e combina o conhecimento sobre as economias africanas do Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento e a UNECA com a experiência da OCDE, quem produz também o estudo Perspectivas económicas da OCDE duas vezes por ano.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264076372
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 455 ; Essai d'activation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir le récepteur d'œstrogène alpha humain transfecté de façon stable pour la détection de l'activité œstrogénique agoniste des substances testées
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 455 : Essai d'activation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir le récepteur d'œstrogène alpha humain transfecté de façon stable pour la détection de l'activité œstrogénique agoniste des substances testées
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro assay, which provides mechanistical information, and can be used for screening and prioritization purposes. The test system utilises the hERalpha-HeLa-9903 cell line derived from a human cervical tumor and stably transfected. This cell line can measure the ability of a test chemical to induce hERalpha-mediated transactivation of luciferase gene expression. The cells are exposed to 7 non-cytotoxic concentrations of the test chemical for 20-24 hours to induce the reporter gene products. Four reference chemicals should be included in each experiment: a strong estrogen (17beta-estradiol), a weak estrogen (17alpha-estradiol), a very weak estrogen (17alpha-methyltestosterone) and a negative control (corticosterone). The activity of the luciferase enzyme is measured in a luminometer. A test chemical is considered to be positive if the maximum response induced is equal to or exceeds 10% of the response of the positive control (1 nM 17alpha-estradiol) in at least two of two or two of three runs. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264081857
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
    Kurzfassung: The aim of the present Bribery Awareness Handbook for Tax Examiners is to assist countries in making their tax examiners aware of the various bribery techniques used as well as giving them the tools to detect and identify bribes of foreign public officials and bribes to public officials in the domestic context. Countries may wish to use this Handbook and provide it to their tax officials in the context of their training programmes. Countries may also wish to use it to design their own Handbook that could enable them to incorporate their specific circumstances. For that purpose the Handbook identifies where countryspecific information can be added. The Handbook may also be used as a checklist during tax examinations.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264075962
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2009 Supplement 1; OECD Review of Budgeting in Mexico
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2009 Supplement 1: OECD Review of Budgeting in Mexico
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: A lo largo de la última década, México ha experimentado una reforma económica y política significativa. Durante este periodo se han registrado importantes mejoras en la salud de las finanzas públicas que deja a México en mejor postura para soportar la actual crisis económica global. Desde 2006 el gobierno mexicano ha avanzado con la aprobación de una serie de leyes y reformas dirigidas a enfrentar los retos estructurales, mejorar la responsabilidad y transparencia fiscales, y crear un proceso y un marco presupuestarios más eficientes y transparentes en línea con las prácticas internacionales. El informe comenta las recientes reformas en México y los sistemas actuales para la formulación del presupuesto, la función del Congreso, la ejecución del presupuesto y la gestión financiera, así como la rendición de cuentas de los resultados (presupuesto basado en resultados). Además, el informe formula propuestas para futuras reformas.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264070400
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 302C ; Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque; Essai MITI modifié (II)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 302C : Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque: Essai MITI modifié (II)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes the modified MITI test (II). This test permits the measurement of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the analysis of residual chemicals in order to evaluate the inherent biodegradability of chemical substances which have been found by the Standard MITI Method (I) to be low degradable. An automated closed-system oxygen consumption measuring apparatus (BOD-meter) is used. Chemicals to be tested are inoculated in the testing vessels (six bottles with different quantities of test chemical) with micro-organisms. In order to check the activity of the inoculum, the use of control substances (aniline, sodium acetate or sodium benzoate) is desirable. During the test period, the BOD is measured continuously. Biodegradability is calculated on the basis of BOD and supplemental chemical analysis, such as measurement of the dissolved organic carbon concentration, concentration of residual chemicals, etc. The BOD curve is obtained continuously and automatically for 14 to 28 days. After the 14 to 28 days of testing, pH, residual chemicals and intermediates in the testing vessels are analysed.
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076273
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 ; Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 : Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproduction of collembolans in soil. The parthenogenetic Folsomia candida is the recommended species for use, but an alternative species such as sexually reproducing Folsomia fimetaria could also be used if they meet the validity criteria. This Guideline can be used for testing both water soluble and insoluble substances but it is not applicable to volatile ones. The Guideline aims to determine toxic effects of the test substance on adult mortality and reproductive output expressed as LCx and ECx respectively, or NOEC/LOEC value. The number of treatment concentrations varies depending on endpoints to be determined. For a combined approach to examine both the NOEC/LOEC and ECx, eight concentrations in a geometric series with four replicates for each concentration as well as eight control replicates should be used. In each test vessel, 10 juveniles F. candida (or 10 males and 10 females adults F. fimetaria) should be placed on 30 g of modified OECD artificial soil using a 5 % organic matter content. The duration of a definitive reproduction test is 4 weeks for F. candida or 3 weeks for F. fimetaria.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264079205
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products; (Korean version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products: (Korean version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Handbook on deriving capital measures of intellectual property products
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Immaterialgüterrechte ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Economics ; Immaterialgut ; Immaterielles Wirtschaftsgut ; Messung ; System of National Accounts ; Kapitalbildung
    Kurzfassung: The latest System of National Accounts (the 2008 SNA) explicitly recognises, for the first time, that expenditures on research and experimental development (R&D) should be recorded as capital formation. This is a natural extension to the 1993 SNA, which recommends recording many acquisitions of software and databases, mineral exploration, and entertainment, artistic and literary originals as capital formation, too. These products have a common characteristic, namely that their value reflects the underlying intellectual property they embody, which is why they are referred to collectively in this publication as intellectual property products (IPPs). But they also share another important characteristic: their measurement is not straightforward, and in the absence of clear guidance it is highly likely that estimates will not be comparable between countries. This Handbook is designed to provide that guidance by considering IPPs collectively, based on their common characteristics, by type, based on any specificities, such as data availability, and by detailed transaction - for example the valuation of IPPs that have been produced for internal use by their developers, the valuation of unsuccessful IPPs, and the production of IPPs produced and made freely available by government.
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264068322
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Serie: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of pears in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in pears.
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075993
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: Over the past decade, Mexico has made significant progress towards macroeconomic stability and has undertaken important structural reforms to further open the economy to trade and investment, and improve the functioning of markets for goods and services. However, potential gross domestic product (GDP) growth remains much too low to reduce widespread poverty and bridge the wide gap in living standards with wealthier OECD countries. One important reason for this is that Mexico has been slower than those in many competing newly industrialising economies to realise the importance of investment in innovation as a driver of growth and competitiveness. This book assesses the current status of Mexico’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where and how the government should focus its efforts to improve the country’s innovation capabilities.
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044395
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (310 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les pensions privées 2008
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: As the role of private pension systems grows in importance, there is a need to monitor their development and review their performance in an international context, especially following the crisis in the financial markets in 2008. This first edition of the OECD Private Pensions Outlook provides essential data on assets, investments, membership, and industry structure based on the latest official statistics, as well as a framework for evaluating the trends shaping the pensions industry, based on the role of the private pensions in relation to the public pension system. It also provides comprehensive country profiles, describing private pension arrangements in individual OECD countries. This edition's special feature covers the implications for pensions and private pensions policy of the financial crisis. This publication includes StatLinks, URLs linking graphs and tables via the internet to Excel® table containing the underlying data.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264060258
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Serie: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres ; Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres : Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Natural resources and pro-poor growth
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Natürliche Ressourcen ; Armut ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Kurzfassung: This publication demonstrates that natural resources can contribute to growth, employment, exports and fiscal revenues in low-income countries, where natural capital constitutes a quarter of total wealth. It highlights the importance of policies encouraging the sustainable management of these resources. Moreover, it emphasises the need to address the political challenges of natural-resource management for long-term pro-poor economic growth. Part I provides an overview of the economics and politics of natural resources. It describes the unique features of natural resources and resulting management challenges, the role of sustainable natural resource management in supporting pro-poor growth, and the politics and governance of natural resources. It then offers recommendations for policy makers on how to support the approaches advocated in the paper. Part II examines these issues with respect to seven specific natural-resource sectors: fisheries, forests, wildlife and ecotourism, soil productivity, water security, minerals and renewable energy.
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264068476
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (233 p.) , ill.
    Ausgabe: Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 ; Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Measuring capital
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Kapitalstock ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Kapitalbildung ; Kapitalvermögen ; Kapitalertrag ; Messung
    Kurzfassung: Capital - in particular of the physical sort - plays several roles in economic life: it constitutes wealth and it it provides services in production processes. Capital is invested, disinvested and it depreciates and becomes obsolescent and there is a question how to measure all these dimensions of capital in industry and national accounts. This revised Capital Manual is a comprehensive guide to the approaches toward capital measurement. It gives statisticians, researchers and analysts practical advice while providing theoretical background and an overview of the relevant literature. The manual comes in three parts - a first part with a non-technical description with the main concepts and steps involved in measuring capital; a second part directed at implementation and a third part outlining theory and a more complete mathematical formulation of the measurement process.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264066212
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Serie: Partnership for Democratic Governance
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Contracting out government functions and services
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Outsourcing ; Politische Instabilität ; Politischer Konflikt ; Afghanistan ; Kambodscha ; Kongo (Demokratische Republik) ; Ruanda ; Südsudan ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Contracting-out
    Kurzfassung: This second volume of the Partnership for Democratic Governance Series investigates whether ‘contracting out’ core government functions and services has been conducive to capacity development. Each case study discusses the evidence and emerging lessons of contracting out in fragile and post-conflict situations. The chapters contained in this publication first appeared as contributions to the Partnership for Democratic Governance's collaborative online platform, PDF Online. Through this platform, users are able to post comments on discussion papers, send messages to the authors and easily find ifnormation relevant to the topics covered in this publication. Selected as a 2009 Notable Document by the American Library Association Government Documents Round Table.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264048751 , 9789264045743
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (241 p.) , ill.
    Ausgabe: Fourth Edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 ; Quatrième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa ; Cuarta edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 : Quatrième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCDE Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa : Cuarta edición
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD benchmark definition of foreign direct investment
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Auslandsinvestition ; Statistische Methode ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Direktinvestition ; Auslandsinvestition ; Statistik ; Datenerhebung ; Richtlinie
    Kurzfassung: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major driver of globalisation. The OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment sets the world standard for FDI statistics. It provides a single point of reference for statisticians and users on all aspect of FDI statistics, while remaining compatible with other internationally accepted statistical standards. This edition introduces new analytical data breakdowns and statistical treatments that better reflect the realities of today’s world economy. The revised Benchmark Definition provides methods for classifying different types of FDI (e.g., mergers and acquisitions, greenfield investments) and for identifying the ultimate investor. The new edition now addresses the uses of FDI statistics, including globalisation indicators, and provides a chapter relating to the statistics on the activities of multinational enterprises.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264063600
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Serie: PISA
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; OECD ; PISA-Studie
    Kurzfassung: The OECD’s PISA 2006 assessment of the science competencies of 15-year-olds offers the first comprehensive and internationally comparative knowledge base of students’ knowledge about the environment and environment-related issues. Green at Fifteen? presents an analysis of this knowledge base, including information on the sources of students’ awareness of environmental science, their attitudes towards the environment and how these attitudes interrelate with their performance in environmental science.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264060906
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (445 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation; 15 Mexican States 2009
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: 15 Mexican States 2009
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: Aunque México ha presentado estabilidad macroeconómica en años recientes, el país aún padece de un estancamiento en el crecimiento de su productividad. En un contexto mundial, la competitividad de México a largo plazo necesitará mayor acción tanto en el sector público como en el privado para estimular la innovación y el crecimiento económico en todas las regiones del territorio nacional. En este informe se revisan tanto las políticas nacionales como estatales de México y la manera en que pueden fomentar mejor los sistemas de innovación regional; incluye una semblanza de 15 estados.
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264049055
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of Korea's tertiary education system, including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommendations for future policy development.
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