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  • Online Resource  (44)
  • 1995-1999  (28)
  • 1970-1974  (16)
  • 1935-1939
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (44)
  • Social sciences  (44)
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  • Online Resource  (44)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401723923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 355 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 48
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Nature Conservation ; Philosophy of nature ; Environmental management ; History ; Human Geography ; Ecology . ; Conservation biology.
    Abstract: Nature and Identity in Cross-Cultural Perspective presents 20 essays which explore diverse cultural interpretations of the earth's surface. Contrasted with each other and with the potentially cosmopolitan culture of science, these detailed studies of ways in which different cultures conceptualise nature appear in the context of global environmental change. Understanding across cultural lines has never been more important. This book shows how individual cultures see their own histories as offering protection for nature, while often viewing others as lacking such ethical restraints. Through such writing a discourse of understanding and common action becomes possible. The authors come from the places they discuss, and offer passionate as well as scholarly visions of nature within their cultural homes. Audience: This volume is of interest to academics and professionals working in the fields of cultural geography, environmental history, environmental studies, history of environmental ideas, environmental education, landscape and literature, nature and culture. It can be used for courses in the above-mentioned areas and seminars in comparative literature. It can also be used as a complimentary text to provide cultural context to literary readings, and for seminars on cultural aspects of the environment
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789401142939
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 293 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 53
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Geography ; History ; Human Geography ; Political science. ; Economic geography.
    Abstract: During the last two centuries, the political map of Europe has changed considerably. More recently, there are remarkably contrasting tendencies concerning the functions and densities of borders. The borders inside the European Union lost their importance, whereas Central and Eastern Europe saw the birth of a multitude of new state borders. The long-term study of border regions, therefore, is a fascinating subject for geographers, historians, social scientists, and political scientists. The main thesis of this book is that the rise of the modern nation-state reinforced the separating function of state borders by nationalising the people on both sides of it. This process gained strength in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was challenged in the second half of this century by processes of supra-national integration, globalisation and the revolution in communication and transport, as the case studies from different parts of Europe of this book will show. Audience: This book will be of interest to academics, researchers and practitioners in geography, history, political sciences, European studies and East-European studies
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401143899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 287 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Plenum Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis
    Series Statement: The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Public health ; Epidemiology ; Statistics ; Population ; Demography ; Population—Economic aspects. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: This volume marks the culmination of the NOW Priority Program on Population Issues, an eight-year research program sponsored by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. The contributors evaluate the Priority Program's research results from an international perspective by comparing and contrasting Dutch population trends with those observed elsewhere, and by assessing the Priority Program's contributions to the scientific literature
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401731812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 176 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 80
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: One of the most basic themes in the philosophy of language is referential uptake, viz., the question of what counts as properly `understanding' a referring act in communication. In this inquiry, the particular line pursued goes back to Strawson's work on re-identification, but the immediate influence is that of Gareth Evans. It is argued that traditional and recent proposals fail to account for success in referential communication. A novel account is developed, resembling Evans' account in combining an external success condition with a Fregean one. But, in contrast to Evans, greater emphasis is placed on the action-enabling side of communication. Further topics discussed include the role of mental states in accounting for communication, the impact of re-identification on the understanding of referring acts, and Donnellan's referential/attributive distinction. Readership: Philosophers, cognitive scientists and semanticists
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789401591751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Social Indicators Research Series 2
    DDC: 577.27
    Keywords: Environmental sciences ; Quality of Life ; Climatic changes ; Environmental law ; Social sciences ; Quality of Life Research
    Abstract: The degradation of renewables - land and freshwater - worldwide leads to conflict over access and/or distribution of these resources. However, not all conflicts become violent. Environmentally-caused violence is hardly found in relations between states. Today, mainly in developing countries, there is a correlation between environmental degradation and violent conflicts. As this synthesis of 40 case studies indicates, there are different causal pathways of current violent conflicts and wars that can be traced to the environmental roots of the conflict. Rwanda is a good example to demonstrate the interaction of ethnic, social, political and ecological factors. Whereas most studies in this field focus on classical security issues, the author here puts an emphasis on growing structural heterogeneity in agricultural societies which tend to discriminate chiefly against those rural producers who are the victims of bad resource allocations, unequal resource distribution, high dependence on natural capital, and bad state performance. One major conclusion to be discussed among scholars, teachers, and advanced students and to be taken seriously by professionals in international organizations is the following: competing land tenure systems, unclear property rights, large-scale farming, and nationalizing land by discriminating against small-holders, pastoralists, the landless, etc. provide a considerable potential for conflict and, thus, contribute to unsustainable resource use, social unrest, and political instability
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789401723657
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 209 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 43
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Human Geography ; Political science. ; Sociology. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: This volume presents an international comparison of segregation patterns of immigrants and policy reactions at local and state level. The objective is to give an insight into the European experience with ethnic segregation in metropolitan areas. European cities have generally become multi-ethnic metropolises, consisting of a mix of ethnic categories. However, a homogeneous European picture does not exist. Patterns of ethnic segregation and policy reactions differ from city to city. The following metropolises are compared: Amsterdam, Brussels, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, London, Manchester, Paris, Stockholm and Toronto (Canada). Audience: This invaluable book will be of interest to researchers and students in geographical, ethnic and policy studies as well as to civil servants and policy makers working in large metropolises and national governments
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401590426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 270 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences ; Phenomenology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Sociology. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Using outlines and scattered passages of relevance, this work includes first of all a construction of the work Schutz did not but was clearly prepared to write on how authors and audiences relate to one another in lyric poetry, drama, and the novel. This construction shows how Schutz anticipated reader-response theory and provides a basis not only for his theory of literature but also - along with his writings on music - for his theory of art. In addition, this work contains essays commenting on the construction by Ilja Srubar, Michael McDuffie, Martin Endreß, Hisashi Nasu, and Fred Kersten, and works developing aspects of Schutz's account further by Lewis Gordon, Daniel Cefaï, Stanford Lyman, George Psathas, and Michael Barger
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789401714952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 383 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 47
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Industrial management ; Social sciences Methodology ; Environmental management ; Human Geography ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Political science. ; Management.
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive and dynamic picture of the state of research in urban and regional planning evaluation, integrating contributions from key scholars in the field. The volume covers a variety of aspects, including methodological issues, analysis of practice, and epistemological and theoretical questions. Although different positions emerge, all authors share the common intention to link recent developments in planning theory with new approaches to evaluation research - rising concerns for communicative planning, complexity, participation, sustainable development, conservation of the natural and built heritage challenge consolidated and institutionalized evaluation models and practice. The contributors face this challenge and offer an updated and thought-provoking picture for a new identity for evaluation in planning. This book will be of interest to academics, researchers and practitioners in urban and regional planning evaluation, project appraisal, urban planning and policy, public sector, management and policy analysis and environmental sciences
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789401150309
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 354 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Space Studies 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Remote sensing ; Computer engineering ; Economics ; Social sciences ; Management science. ; Geographic information systems. ; Electrical engineering. ; Business.
    Abstract: Space is no longer the special, protected domain that it was in the past. Because of the importance of its practical applications, it is becoming integrated into the mainstream of economic activity. Technology push is giving way to the assessment of market opportunities and demand pull. Funding from the public sector is declining while interest in private financing is steadily growing. The value-added and service industries are increasing in importance. New technologies will be developed in a context of privatisation, de-regulation and globalization. An international and interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International Space University to bring together a diverse group of people, technical and non-technical, engaged in the creation of new approaches to space applications, in order to share experiences and to exchange ideas on the way forward. The Proceedings of this Symposium make stimulating reading for all who are engaged in the market-place of space and its applications
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400707993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 254 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 156
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 156
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Russian language ; Regional planning ; Social sciences ; Ethnology. ; Culture. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Balto-Slavic linguistic unity.
    Abstract: This is the first extensive study devoted to Vasilii Malinovskii, one of the most significant figures in the history of Russian thought. He was one of the first supporters of abolition of serfdom in Russia. In his capacity as Director, Malinovskii contributed in a fundamental way to the establishment of the liberal atmosphere characterizing The Tsarskoe Selo Lycée, where Aleksandr Pushkin and some of the Decembrists were educated. His major work, Dissertation on Peace and War (1803), contains a plan for the establishment of peace in Europe which was the only project of this sort to appear in Russia. At a time when Napoleonic wars were deeply transforming the previous status quo, he proposed to redesign the geopolitical map of Europe regrouping its states on the basis of rational, ethno-linguistic criteria. A General Council empowered to deliberate on conflicts among them was to guarantee a permanent peace
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401151849
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 206 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 45
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; History ; Human Geography ; Sociology.
    Abstract: This volume explores the history of the urban university and its political and cultural traditions. In case studies, situated in different parts of the Western World and China, two basic aspects of the modern urban university's identity are analyzed: the locations of the universities within cities and the ways in which their administrators present the university in the local political arena. Locational choices and public appearances are interpreted from a historical and traditional perspective. Audience: This book will be of particular interest to human geographers, planners and university administrators
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401148887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 385 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 41
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Geography ; Hydraulic engineering ; Agriculture ; Environmental management ; Social sciences
    Abstract: The arid frontier has been a challenge for humanity from time immemorial. Drylands cover more than one-third of the global land surface, distributed over Africa, Asia, Australia, America and Southern Europe. Disasters may develop as a result of complex interactions between drought, desertification and society. Therefore, proactive planning and interactive management, including disaster-coping strategies, are essential in dealing with arid-frontier development. This book presents a conceptual framework with case studies in dryland development and management. The option of a rational and ethical discourse for development that is beneficial for both the environment and society is emphasized, avoiding extreme environmentalism and human destructionism, combating both desertification and human livelihood insecurity. Such development has to be based on appropriate ethics, legislation, policy, proactive planning and interactive management. Excellent scholars address these issues, focusing on the principal interactions between people and dryland environments in terms of drought, food, land, water, renewable energy and housing. Audience: This volume will be of great value to all those interested in Dryland Development and Management: professionals and policy-makers in governmental, international and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), as well as researchers, lecturers and students in Geography, Environmental Management, Regional Studies, Development Anthropology, Hazard and Disaster Management, Agriculture and Pastoralism, Land and Water Use, African Studies, and Renewable Energy Resources
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401153782
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 222 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Public Choice 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Microeconomics ; Political science.
    Abstract: While income redistribution is one of the most important functions of modern governments, the world has changed greatly since this first edition of Economics of Income Redistribution was published in 1983. Pension systems and medical programs are in a state of crisis in many parts of the world and the general political mood is shifting away from income redistribution. Economics of Income Redistribution (2nd edition) brings this work up to date by discussing the economic and political aspects of income redistribution. It examines the classical moral objective of redistribution to assist the poor, as well as income transfer for pensions, education and intra-family gift giving
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401156509
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 141 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 64
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Social sciences
    Abstract: Media are objects with content and character that we describe using in- phrases: in the story, in the picture, in the movie, in the dream.. Like the propositional attitudes, these objects present a variety of hard problems for semantic and philosophical analysis. The Semantics of Media is an organized exploration of fundamental questions in the semantics of media. The first three chapters set out a straightforward model within the possible-worlds framework, and consider how it might account for a range of notions applying to media generally: implicit vs. explicit content, propositional vs. individual content, causal vs. intentional content and the idea of a single World of the Medium. The final three chapters examine ways of elaborating the model to cover a range of phenomena keyed to the functionality of particular forms of media. Chapter Four is a discussion of fiction and our apparent reference to fictional characters. Chapter Five deals with the phenomenon of viewpoint in pictorial media. Chapter Six is a study of interactions between users and characters of media centering on the puzzling case of seeing in films. The Semantics of Media will be of interest to specialists in the fields of linguistics, philosophy and communications
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401588959
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 247 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 54
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: The essays in this volume, while exploring bioethical issues bearing on death and dying, the use of scarce resources, and genetic interventions, also implicitly compare approaches to bioethics in Japan versus Western countries. This volume provides a cross-cultural comparison of Japanese, American and European approaches to bioethics and health care policy. In a world of international bioethics, it explores the similarities and dissimilarities between bioethics in Japan and the Western world. The collection gives both a portrayal of current approaches as well as an analysis of the character and grounds for the similarities and dissimilarities. The similarities reflect attempts to find morally justified bases for collaboration when individuals do not share taken-for-granted understandings of the proper use of health care, the meaning or form of a good death, and the correct ways to collaborate. Similarities also derive from Western bioethical reflections that have been exported to Japan, which, for better or worse, have entered and altered traditional Japanese understandings. Japan and the West have been exposed to the post-traditional character of the age. Many of the dissimilarities stem from the fact that Japan remains in large measure a traditional society with strong ties to family, culture and community. Japanese share many common understandings of values, while the West has long struggled with moral diversity. These essays explore particular bioethics, which reflect particular moral commitments, as contributions to the emerging international dialogue concerning bioethics and health care policy
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401724562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 33
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Geography ; Social sciences Methodology ; Physical geography ; Human Geography ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Economic geography.
    Abstract: Northern Ireland's problems are rooted in physical and historical geography: small resource base, peripheral location, violent conquest, repression and ruthless emargination of the native population by the Protestant settlers. At the time of partition, many areas already had a Catholic majority, and the Catholic population is increasing faster, thereby undermining the Protestant position. Britain gains no advantage by keeping Northern Ireland. Nevertheless, this solution is not going to be cheap, not merely because of opposition by Protestant loyalists, but also because of the economic weakness of both Irelands. Unlike other books on the subject, this one goes to the heart of the matter: Britain would be serving her own interest by easing reunification of Ireland, albeit gradually and cautiously. In this perspective, the conclusion is that history is inexorably moving beyond Northern Ireland. Audience: European Community administrators and planners, diplomats, politicians, students in Political Science, Economics, History and Geography
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400918122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Public Choice 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: In developing Legislative Term Limits, the editor has included material that has explicit and testable models about the expected consequences of term limits that reflect Public Choice perspectives. This book contains the best efforts of economists and political scientists to predict the consequences of legislative term limits
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400916616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 286 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences ; Phenomenology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: While many books have been written about human sexuality, few have seriously explored the philosophical and psychological meaning of erotic love. This reflects a bias and a problem in contemporary culture: the misunderstanding of eros out of a theory of physiological drive-reduction (ignoring the countervailing motivation toward intensification rather than reduction of conscious feeling) has led to an egocentric view of human nature, which in turn motivates a simplistic hedonism in value thinking and an atomistic-individualist conception of society. The ultra-competitive nature of this kind of culture leads to overconcern with masks of invulnerability - i.e., narcissism - which prevents the dropping of superficial defenses necessary for deep and authentic love relationships to mature. But the intense, direct experience of the intrinsic value of another being embodied in authentic love experiences is needed to combat the existential threats to the meaningfulness of life (alienation, powerlessness, relative insignificance in the ultimate scheme, and death). This experience is motivated by the need to be pulled out of oneself into a non-egocentric way of experiencing which cares as much about expressing value feelings, in order to deepen and intensify them, as it does about reducing egocentric drives. The misunderstanding, neglect, and dysfunction of this basic human need thus reflects a serious problem in the psychology of the self and the structure of the community, whose study requires a phenomenological rather than a merely empirical-scientific approach, since the latter approach alone leads almost inevitably to the very reductionism at issue
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789400916418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 161 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: European Studies of Population 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Population ; Aging Research ; Demography ; Sociology. ; Political science. ; Public health. ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: This volume is the eleventh in the series Population and Family in the Low Countries, which started in 1976. It includes seven contributions on a variety of current demographic issues, most of them treated from an international and/or European perspective. The general idea behind this book series is to introduce scientific work on population issues in the Low Countries, the Netherlands and Flanders/Belgium, to an international audience. Subjects treated in this volume are: ageing and the socio-medical infrastructure; population and sustainable development, population policy and fundamental rights in relation to procreation; public opinion on population issues; optimum population and supportive environment; theories and demographic research; population education and demographic software
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789401586863
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 320 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 23
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Science Philosophy ; Systems theory ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology. ; System theory. ; Control theory. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Model building in the social sciences can increasingly rely on well elaborated formal theories. At the same time inexpensive large computational capacities are now available. Both make computer-based model building and simulation possible in social science, whose central aim is in particular an understanding of social dynamics. Such social dynamics refer to public opinion formation, partner choice, strategy decisions in social dilemma situations and much more. In the context of such modelling approaches, novel problems in philosophy of science arise which must be analysed - the main aim of this book. Interest in social simulation has recently been growing rapidly world- wide, mainly as a result of the increasing availability of powerful personal computers. The field has also been greatly influenced by developments in cellular automata theory (from mathematics) and in distributed artificial intelligence which provided tools readily applicable to social simulation. This book presents a number of modelling and simulation approaches and their relations to problems in philosophy of science. It addresses sociologists and other social scientists interested in formal modelling, mathematical sociology, and computer simulation as well as computer scientists interested in social science applications, and philosophers of social science
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400917484
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 334 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 34
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Geography ; Population ; Social sciences ; Human Geography
    Abstract: This book introduces the ten-nation region of Southeast Asia, taking into consideration its diversity, differential development, socio-economic and political changes. Countries included are Indonesia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. Physical, political, cultural, economic and planological aspects are covered. This volume represents an up-to-date introduction to this most dynamic region in world development. The multi-disciplinary text is easily readable and does not require prior knowledge of Southeast Asia. Audience: This book is of use and interest to scientists, researchers and practitioners in planning, physical, human, economic, cultural and political geography, as well as policy sciences
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789401584845
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 584 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: NATO ASI Series, Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences 81
    Series Statement: Nato Science Series D:, Behavioural and Social Sciences 81
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Humanities ; Anthropological linguistics ; Anthropology
    Abstract: In Everyday Conceptions of Emotion, prominent anthropologists, linguists and psychologists come together for the first time to discuss how emotions are conceptualised by people of different cultures and ages, speaking different languages. Anger, fear, jealousy and emotion itself are concepts that are bound up with the English language, embedded in a way of thinking, acting and speaking. At the same time, the metaphors underlying such concepts are often similar across languages, and children of different cultures follow common developmental pathways. The book thus discusses the interplay of social and cultural factors that humans share in their development of an understanding of the affective side of their lives. For researchers interested in emotion, development of concepts and language, cultural and linguistic influences on psychological processes
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789401585002
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (293 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The search for fundamentals
    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Sociology. ; Political science. ; Religion. ; Konferenzschrift 1991 ; Moderne ; Grundwerte ; Fundamentalismus
    Abstract: Modernity dissolves absolute certainties; late modernity dissolves them absolutely. In the modern world system there appears to be no firm, unchallenged ground on which to construct a meaningful canopy. But around the world, many individuals and groups long for a kind of cultural coherence that they believe once existed. They search for fundamentals. While these may be sought in religious traditions, many also aspire to new secular certainties. In their various new forms and contexts the contemporary quests for meaning in turn transform the societies in which they occur. The rich comparative examples in The Search for Fundamentals are used to analyze the sources and consequences of several cultural movements. The book also offers theoretical reflections on the difficulties they experience and on the message they carry for students of modernity. Audience: A broad readership of scholars and advanced students in the social sciences and humanities
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401107488
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (235p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Philosophy of law ; Economic policy. ; Econometrics. ; Political science. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: Adam Smith and the Philosophy of Law and Economics is a unique book. Malloy and Evensky bring together a team of international and interdisciplinary scholars to address the work of Adam Smith as it relates to law and economics. In addition to their own contributions, the book includes works by Dr. John W. Cairns of the University of Edinburgh, Dr. J. Ralph Lindgren of Lehigh University, Professor Kenneth A.B. Mackinnon of the University of Waikato, and the Honorable Richard A. Posner of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals. Together these authors bring expertise from the areas of law, philosophy, history, economics, and law and economics to a new study of Adam Smith and his work. Part One of the book presents new and important observations on Smith's views on community, ethics, the court system, criminal law, and delictual or tort law liability. In this part of the book Smith's work is also examined from the perspective of his use as persuasive authority in the works of modern legal economists. In Part Two the `living Smith' is explored by way of a debate between two major contributors in the field of law and economics. The debate and its analysis create a unique and contemporary opportunity to study Smith as a foundational source in the midst of a current academic and social policy dispute. The understanding of Adam Smith that emerges from this book is new and complex. It will challenge the one-dimensional portrayals of Smith as a promoter of self-interest and it will correct many of the misinterpretations of Smith that are currently fashionable in the worlds of law and economics and the philosophy of law
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789401102698
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 299 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: European Studies of Population 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Population ; Demography ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: This volume includes seven articles reflecting a selection of current research issues in the Low Countries. With permission of the Dutch and Belgian Governments the national reports submitted to the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (Cairo) are also included in this volume. They provide up to date information on the official views at present of the Dutch and Belgian Governments on demographic trends and population policy issues
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789401585910
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 180 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: European Studies of Population 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Population ; Anthropology ; Demography ; Political science. ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: Since the onset of modernisation the world population has doubled several times and will soon reach 6 billion of people. The annual rate of increase in the world population is approximately 90 million people. This is the largest absolute level of population growth ever recorded. According to the most recent population projections of the United Nations, the world population will probably double again before stabilising at a stationary level. Ninety percent of the present and future population growth is accounted for by developing countries. The fast increase in the size of the population in many developing countries is a serious obstacle to their attempts to overcome their backwardness, make a substantial improvement to their quality of life, and achieve a sustainable way of exploiting their renewable and non-renewable resources. At the same time, non-sustainable consumption and production patterns in the industrial countries and among wealthy citizens in developing countries, place additional burdens on the planet's natural resources and ecosystems. With a view of considering these problems and elaborating policy guidelines, the United Nations staged its International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, Egypt, September 5-13, 1994. This monograph deals with the background to the ICPD, its preparation, proceedings, and contents. It also evaluates its results and recommendations by comparing the ICPD Action Programme with the current scientific literature. The ICPD dealt with the key issues concerning the interrelations between population, development and environment, and their causes, and was not limited to marginal issues such as abortion, promiscuity and homosexuality as was the impression given in the media as a result of the way these questions were distorted by the action of religious fundamentalists. The ICPD Action Programme forms an impressive charter with a broad range of relevant policy recommendations. Nevertheless, compared to most of the current scientific literature, the ICPD seems to underestimate the seriousness and urgency of the issues at stake
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 195 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Philosophy of law ; Operations research ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History. ; Political science.
    Abstract: The game-theoretic analysis of rights forms a rapidly growing field of study to which this book makes an important contribution. Van Hees combines the game-theoretic approach with the results and tools from logic, in particular from the logic of norms. The resulting synthesis between logic and game theory provides a firm foundation for the game-theoretic approach. The analysis shows how different types of right are related to the strategic opportunities of individuals and of groups of individuals. Furthermore, the book makes an important contribution to the theory of liberalism, in particular to the study of the so-called `liberal paradoxes'. It demonstrates how the paradoxes resurface in the new decision-theoretic framework. In fact, they not only do so at the level of `ordinary' decision making, but also at the level of constitutional decision making
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789401584418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: European Studies of Population 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Population ; Demography ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: Many industrialized countries are facing large problems with their public pension systems in the 21st century. An unfavourable age distribution, with lower population shares in working ages and increasing shares and numbers of elderly persons in the future will lead, under current pension systems, to a drop in contributions and at the same time to sharply rising amounts of benefits paid. This book analyzes the impact of dynamics in age structure and marital status composition on future public pension expenditures in twelve industrialized countries. It shows that there is no demographic response to population ageing at the horizon 2030. Neither an increase in fertility nor an inflow of migrants can rejuvenate national populations, unless fertility and/or migration reach unrealistically high levels. Therefore, the overall conclusion of this book is that demographic variables are of limited help to relieve the burden of future public pension expenditures. Substantial reductions of the public pension burden have to be sought in socioeconomic measures, and not in adjusting demographic conditions. The book includes various demographic and pension scenarios for pension costs in the coming decades for Austria, Canada, the Czech and Slovak Republics, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Sweden. Not only old age pensions, but also disability and survivor pensions have been investigated. Variant projections were calculated for changes in demographic, labour force, and pension system variables. In addition, separate case studies for three countries deal with: a pension system in Austria in which benefits depend on the number children ever born; the impact of household dynamics on social security in the Netherlands, not just marriage and marriage dissolution; and with the consequences of economic growth for public pensions in Sweden
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401021807
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (187p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 4
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Pragmatics as Biology or Culture -- From Animal Communication to Human Speech. An Attempt at a Semiotic Analysis of the Problems of the Origins of Language -- Experiments with Everyday Conversation -- Interviewing and Memory -- Fifty-Two Oppositions Between Scientific and Poetic Communication -- Experimental Issues in Sentence Comprehension : Complexity and Segmentation -- Linguistic Structure and Sentence Production -- Information, Decision, and the Scientist.
    Abstract: 'Human Communication' is a field of interest of enormous breadth, being one which has concerned students of many different disciplines. It spans the imagined 'gap' between the 'arts' and the 'sciences', but it forms no unified academic subject. There is no commonly accepted terminology to cover aU aspects. The eight articles comprising this book have been chosen to illustrate something of the diversity yet, at the same time, to be comprehensible to readers from different academic disciplines. They cannot pretend to cover the whole field! Some attempt has been made to present them in an order which represents a continuity of theme, though this is merely an opinion. Most publications of this type form the proceedings of some sympo­ sium, or conference. In this case, however, there has been no such unifying influence, no collaboration, no discussions. The authors have been drawn from a number of different countries. The first article, by John Marshall and Roger Wales (Great Britain) concerns the pragmatic values of communication, starting by considering bird-song and passing to the infinitely more complex 'meaningful' values of human language and pictures. The 'pragmatic aspect' means the usefulness - what does language or bird song do for humans and birds? What adaptation or survival values does it have? These questions are then considered in relation to brain specialisation for representation of experience and cognition.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401020015
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studien zur Regierungslehre und Internationalen Politik 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: I: Introduction: Problems of Theory-Building in the Study of International Organization -- 1.1 Development of Research and Its Inadequacies -- 1.2 The Quest for New Directions in Theory Building -- 2: Sociocultural Evolution and Sociopolitical Organization -- 2.1 Research on the Changing Scale of Sociopolitical Organization -- 2.2 Sociocultural Evolution — General and Specific Aspects -- 2.3 Evolution of Sociopolitical Organization -- 2.4 Analysis of the Evolutionary Process -- 3: The International Organization Level of Integration and Its Relationship to the Nation State -- 3.1 Structural Means of Integration at the International Organization Level -- 3.2 Interrelations Among Structural Dimensions of International Organization-Building and Patterns of Growth -- 3.3 International Organization and the Nation-State System -- 4: Industrial Civilization and the Causes of International Organization-Building -- 4.1 Theoretical Analysis -- 4.2 Empirical Domain and the Operationalization of Variables -- 4.3 Data Analysis -- 5: International Organization-Building and Integration Within the Global Context -- 5.1 The Dependent Variable: International Integration -- 5.2 Three Theories of International Integration -- 5.3 Data Analysis -- 6: Summary and Conclusions.
    Abstract: unlike the historical-descriptive or legalistic approaches still pervading the majority of publications on international organization, has an implicit (empirical-) theoretical orientation. As a concomitant development, Yalem notes an increasing methodological 6 sophistication among some students of international organization. However, except for some favorable comments on the evolving theory of international community formation, Yalem does not evaluate the contribution of the empirical-theory-cum­ methodology literature to the study of international organization. More recently, Riggs and his associates (1970) and Alger (1960-70; 1970) have taken it upon themselves to do just this. The analysis of the impact of bthavioralism on the study of the United Nations system by Robert Riggs and his associates is a rather devastating indictment. Though demonstrating a concern to present balanced and qualified conclusions from their pemsal of the relevant literature, they summarize their assessment in the following statement: Behavioral research has probably been the most disappointing in the area of its central concern, that of theory-building. The grand theories tend to be heuristic in nature, divorced from the essential data base; and the best-supported proposi­ tions have the natrowest theoretical significance. Despite its aims and pretensions, the approach has not yet produced a coherent set of explanatory propositions to bring order or scientific exactness to the study of international organization or any substantial segment of it (Riggs et al. , 1970: 230).
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789401092760
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (407p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 7-1
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 7-1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I: Economics of Decision -- Introductory Note -- 1. Rational Behavior, Uncertain Prospects, and Measurable Utility (1950) -- 2. Why ‘Should’ Statisticians and Businessmen Maximize ‘Moral Expectation’ ? (1951) -- 3. Scaling of Utilities and Probabilities (1954) -- 4. Probability in the Social Sciences (1954) -- 5. Norms and Habits of Decision Making Under Certainty (1955) -- 6. Experimental Tests of a Stochastic Decision Theory (1959) -- 7. Random Orderings and Stochastic Theories of Responses (1960) -- 8. Binary-Choice Constraints and Random Utility Indicators (1960) -- 9. Actual Versus Consistent Decision Behavior (1964) -- 10. Stochastic Models of Choice Behavior (1963) -- 11. On Adaptive Programming (1963) -- 12. An Experimental Study of Some Stochastic Models for Wagers (1963) -- 13. The Payoff-Relevant Description of States and Acts (1963) -- 14. Probabilities of Choices Among Very Similar Objects: An Experiment to Decide Between Two Models (1963) -- 15. Measuring Utility by a Single-Response Sequential Method (1964) -- 16. Decision Making: Economic Aspects (1968) -- 17. The Economic Man’s Logic (1970) -- 18. Economics of Acting, Thinking, and Surviving (1974) -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The papers of Jacob Marschak which follow in these volumes are an extraordinary combination of original and fruitful departures in economic and social thought, superb clarity of exposition, and sensitivity to the values of earlier work and even competing traditions. They make us marvel alike at their variety, their quantity, and their quality. But they do not, even so, fully reflect Marschak's contributions to the development of social science. He has had an unusual influence as one who exercises leadership. In a formal, organizational sense, this role has been manifest in his capacity as Director of the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, then at the University of Chicago, in that organization's most productive and influential period, and later in his central role in the Western Management Science Institute, at the University of California at Los Angeles. I can speak from first-hand knowledge about the first. His special capacities are, first, the recognition of promising new concepts and of promising young scholars, and, second, getting his colleagues to join him in developing the ideas and involving them fully in the necessary tasks. There was an unusual combination of strength and humility in his methods; a display of force in pushing the work along but a willingness, almost an insistence, on treating even the most junior associate as a fully equal colleague in intellectual develop­ ment, whose criticism of himself was to be encouraged. His leadership has been exercised in the absence of formal positions.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401021593
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (201p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 1
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. Objective Theory of Inductive Behaviour -- Elements of an Objective Theory of Inductive Behaviour -- On the Problem of Vagueness in the Social Sciences -- Notes On Etiality, the Adaptation Criterion, and the ‘Inference-Decision’ Problem -- II. Problems of Inference -- Comparison of Inference Philosophies -- On the Logic of Tests of Significance with Special Reference to Testing the Significance of Poisson-Distributed Observations -- III. Probability, Information and Utility -- Probability and Utility — Dual Concepts in Decision Theory -- Entropy and Utility -- Entropy, Gravity and Utility in Transportation Modelling -- IV. Semantic Information -- Prior and Posterior Probabilities and Semantic Information -- Remarks on Semantic Information -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Under the title 'Information, Inference and Decision' this volume in the Theory and Decision Library presents some papers on issues from the borderland of statistical inference philosophy and epistemology, written by statisticians and decision theorists who belonged or are allied to the former Saarbriicken school of statistical decision theory. In the first part I make an attempt to outline an objective theory of inductive behaviour, on the basis of R. A. Fisher's statistical inference philosophy, on the one hand, and R. Carnap's inductive logic, on the other. A special problem arising in the context of the new theory, viz., the problem of vagueness of concepts (in particular in the social sciences) is treated separately by H. Skala and myself. B. Leiner has contributed some biographical and bibliographical notes on the objective theory of inductive behaviour. Part II is concerned with inference philosophy. D. A. S. Fraser, the founder of structural inference theory, characterizes and compares some inference philosophies, and discusses his own and the arguments of the critics of his structural theory. In my opinion, Fraser's structural infer­ ence theory is suited to complete Fisher's inference philosophy in some essential points, if not to replace it. An interesting task for future re­ search work is to establish the connection between Fraser's theory and Carnap's ideas in the framework of an objective theory of inductive behaviour.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401020930
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (561p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 16
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I/The Anatomy of Acquired Disorders of Reading (1962) -- II/Random Reports: Human Split-Brain Syndromes (1962) -- III/A Human Cerebral Deconnection Syndrome (1962) -- IV/Carl Wernicke, the Breslau School and the History of Aphasia (1963) -- V/The Paradoxical Position of Kurt Goldstein in the History of Aphasia (1964) -- VI/Non-Aphasic Disorders of Speech (1964) -- VII/The Development of the Brain and the Evolution of Language (1964) -- VIII/Disconnexion Syndromes in Animals and Man (1965) -- IX/Color-Naming Defects in Association with Alexia (1966) -- X/Language-Induced Epilepsy (1967) -- XI/The Varieties of Naming Errors (1967) -- XII/Wernicke’s Contribution to the Study of Aphasia (1967) -- XIII/Shrinking Retrograde Amnesia (1967) -- XIV/The Apraxias (1967) -- XV/Dichotic Listening in Man after Section of Neocortical Commissures (1968) -- XVI/Isolation of the Speech Area (1968) -- XVII/Human Brain: Left-Right Asymmetries in Temporal Speech Region (1968) -- XVIII/Developmental Gerstmann Syndrome (1969) -- XIX/The Alexias (1969) -- XX/Problems in the Anatomical Understanding of the Aphasias (1969) -- XXI/The Organization of Language and the Brain (1970) -- XXII/Disorders of Higher Cortical Function in Children (1972) -- XXIII/Writing Disturbances in Acute Confusional States (1972) -- XXIV/A Review: Traumatic Aphasia by A. R. Luria (1972) -- XXV/Conduction Aphasia. (1973) -- XXVI/Apraxia and Agraphia in a Left-Hander (1973) -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Philosophers of science work not only with the methods of the sciences but with their contents as well. Substantive issues concerning the relation between mind and matter, between the material basis and the functions of cognition, have been central within the entire history of philosophy. We recall such philosophers as Aristotle, Descartes, the early Kant, Ernst Mach, and the early William James as directly inquiring of the organs and structures of thinking. Science and its philosophical self-criticism are especially and deeply united in the effort to understand the biological brain and human behavior, and so it requires no apology to include this collection of clinical studies among Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. The work of Dr. Norman Geschwind, well represented in this selection, explores the relation between structure and function, between the anatomy of the brain and the 'higher' behavior of men and women. As a clinical neurologist, Geschwind was led to these studies particularly by his in­ terest in those pathologies which have to do with human perception and language. His research into the anatomical substrates of specific dis­ orders-and strikingly the aphasias -present a fascinating and provocative examination of fundamental questions which will concern not neurologists alone but also psychologists, physicians, linguists, speech pathologists, educators, anthropologists, historians of medicine, and philosophers, among others, namely all those interested in the characteristic modes of human activity, in speech, in perception, and in the learning process generally.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401092807
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (409p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 7-3
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 7-3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: III: Money and Other Assets Introductory Note -- 33. Money and the Theory of Assets (1938) -- 34. Assets, Prices and Monetary Theory (1938) -- 35. Lack of Confidence (1941) -- 36. Wicksell’s Two Interest Rates (1941) -- 37. Role of Liquidity under Complete and Incomplete Information (1949) -- 38. The Rationale of the Demand for Money and of ‘Money Illusion’ (1950) -- 39. Optimal Investment of a Firm (1950) -- 40. Monnaie et Liquidité dans les Modèles macroéconomiques et microéconomiques (1954) -- IV: Economic Measurements Introductory Note -- 41. A Note on the Period of Production (1934) -- 42. Measurements in the Capital Market (1935/6) -- 43. An Empirical Analysis of the Laws of Distribution (1936) -- 44. Personal and Collective Budget Functions (1939) -- 45. Economic Interdependence and Statistical Analysis (1942) -- 46. Money Illusion and Demand Analysis (1943) -- 47. Random Simultaneous Equations and the Theory of Production (1944) -- 48. Economic Structure, Path, Policy, and Prediction (1947) -- 49. Economic Measurements for Policy and Prediction (1953) -- V: Contributions to the Logic of Economics Introductory Note -- 50. Identity and Stability in Economics: A Survey (1942) -- 51. A Cross Section of Business Cycle Discussion: A Review of ‘Readings’ (1945) -- 52. Comment on Mitchell (1951) -- 53. Wladimir Woytinsky and Economic Theory (1962) -- 54. On Econometric Tools (1969) -- 55. Interdisciplinary Discussions on Mathematics in Behavioral Sciences (1972) -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401021616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (289p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 2
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. Two-Person Games -- Prisoner’s Dilemma — Recollections and Observations -- Structural Properties and Resolutions of the Prisoners’ Dilemma Game -- On 2×2 Games and Braithwaite’s Arbitration Scheme -- Design and Conduct of Metagame Theoretic Experiments -- Testing Nash’s Solution of the Cooperative Game -- II. N-Person Games -- Test of the Bargaining Set and Kernel Models in Three-person Games -- Test of the Kernel and Two Bargaining Set Models in Four- and Five-person Games -- A Shapley Value for Cooperative Games with Quarrelling -- Coalitions and Payoffs in Three-person Supergames under Multiple-trial Agreements -- The Application of Compromise Solutions to Reporting Games -- ‘General’ Metagames: An Extension of the Metagame Concept.
    Abstract: Game theory could be formally defined as a theory of rational decision in conflict situations. Models of such situations, as they are conceived in game theory, involve (1) a set of decision makers, called players; (2) a set of strategies available to each player; (3) a set of outcomes, each of which is a result of particular choices of strategies made by the players on a given play of the game; and (4) a set of payoffs accorded to each player in each of the possible outcomes. It is assumed that each player is 'individually rational', in the sense that his preference ordering of the outcomes is determined by the order of magnitudes of his (and only his) associated payoffs. Further, a player is rational in the sense that he assumes that every other player is rational in the above sense. The rational player utilizes knowledge of the other players' payoffs in guiding his choice of strategy, because it gives him information about how the other players' choices are guided. Since, in general, the orders of magnitude of the payoffs that accrue to the several players in the several outcomes do not coincide, a game of strategy is a model of a situation involving conflicts of interests.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401510370
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 67 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Publications of the Research Group for European Migration Problems
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Emigration and immigration. ; Sociology. ; Human geography.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Defining Return Migration -- III. The “Laws” of Return Migration -- IV. Types of Return Migration -- V. Success or Failure: the Motives for Return Migration -- VI. Readjustment Problems of Returned Migrants -- VII. Some Influences of Returnees on Their Home Country -- VIII. Techniques in Return Migration Research -- IX. The Direction of Future Research in Return Migration.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401092784
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (374p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 7-2
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 7-2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: II: Economics of Information and Organization -- Introductory Note -- 19. Optimal Inventory Policy (1951) -- 20. Towards an Economic Theory of Organization and Information (1954) -- 21. Elements for a Theory of Teams (1955) -- 22. Efficient and Viable Organizational Forms (1959) -- 23. Remarks on the Economics of Information (1959) -- 24. Theory of an Efficient Several Person Firm (1960) -- 25. Problems in Information Economics (1964) -- 26. The Cost of Decision Making: An Interdisciplinary Discussion (1956) -- 27. Economics of Language (1965) -- 28. Economic Planning and the Cost of Thinking (1966) -- 29. Economic Comparability of Information Systems (1968) -- 30. Economics of Inquiring, Communicating, Deciding (1968) -- 31. Economics of Information Systems (1971) -- 32. Optimal Systems for Information and Decision (1972) -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401022880
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 8
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: The Value of Studying Subjective Evaluations of Probability -- The True Subjective Probability Problem -- Subjective Probability: A Judgment of Representativeness -- The Psychological Concept of Subjective Probability: A Measurement-Theoretic View -- Are Subjective Probabilities Probabilities? -- On the Generalizability of Experimental Results -- Statistical Analysis: Theory Versus Practice -- A Selected Bibliography -- Author Index.
    Abstract: 1. BACKGROUND The last twenty-five years have seen a large amount of psychological research in the area of behavioral decision theory. It followed the major breakthrough of decision theory that came with von Neumann and Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behavior in 1944. The key concepts are probability as a measure of uncertainty and utility as a measure of value and risk. The theory prescribes, given some behavioral axioms, that alternatives should be ranked in accordance with their expected utilities. Psychologists became interested in studying how people's decision behavior agreed with what was prescribed by the theory. Three broad areas for research developed, i. e. , research relating to each of the two concepts of probability and utility, and research relating to the interaction of the two in decision stituations. The papers in this book have been selected to illustrate various aspects of how the concept of probability has been used in psychological ex­ perimentation. The early experiments were generated, as mentioned above, by an interest among psychologists to see how people evaluate uncertainty and quantify it in probabilistic terms. Many of these experiments set out to evaluate subjects' estimates of relative frequencies; these were situations where one had access to 'objective' answers. In the 1960's psychologists changed the focus of their studies to how people revise probabilistic judgments when they receive new information. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the cognitive processes by which people express their judgment in probabilistic terms.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401022590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (443p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 6
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. General Methodology -- A New Epitheoretical Analysis of Social Theories; A Reconstruction of their Background Knowledge including a Model of Statistical Decision Theory -- Theories and Phenomena -- Partial Interpretation and Microeconomics -- The Foundation of Science on Cognitive Mini-Models, with Applications to the German Methodenstreit and the Advent of Econometrics -- II. Methods for Laying the Foundations of Social Systems and Social Structures -- Systems of Social Exchange -- The Concept of Social Structure -- Societies and Social Decision Functions -- Honing Occam’s Razor: A General System Theory Perspective on Social Science Methodology -- III. Vagueness, Imprecision and Uncertainty in Social Laws and Forecasts -- Toward Fuzzy Reasoning in the Behavioral Sciences -- Evolutionary Laws in the Social Sciences -- Methodological Analysis of Imprecision in the Assessment of Personal Probabilities -- The Necessity, Sufficiency and Desirability of Experts as Value Forecasters -- Rational Choice Models and Self-Fulfilling and Self-Defeating Prophecies -- IV. Methodology of Statistics and Hypothesis Testing -- Statistical Probabilities: Single Case Propensities vs. Long-Run Frequencies -- Variety of Objects as a Parameter for Experimentation: An Extension of Carnap’s Inductive Logic -- The Strategic Combination Argument -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Philosophy of Science deals with the problem, 'What is science?' It seems that the answer to this question can only be found if we have an answer to the question, 'How does science function?' Thus, the study of the methodology of social sciences is a prominent factor in any analysis of these sciences. The history of philosophy shows clearly that the answer to the question, 'How does science function?' was the conditio sine qua non of any kind of philosophy of science, epistemology and even of logic. Aristotle, Hume, Kant, Mill, Russell, to mention a few classical authors, clearly emphasized the primacy of methodology of science for any kind of philosophy of science. One may even state that analyses of the presup­ positions, the foundations, the aims, goals and purposes of science are nothing else than analyses of their general and specific formal, as well as practical and empirical methods. Thus, the whole program of any phi­ losophy of science is dependent on the analysis of the methods of sciences and the establishment of their criteria. If the study of scientific method is the predominant factor in the philosophy of science, then all the other problems will depend on the outcome of such a study. For example, the old question of a possible unity of all social sciences will be brought to a solution by the study of the presuppositions, the methods, as well as of the criteria germane to all social sciences.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789401024280
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 190 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Chemistry and Materials Science
    Series Statement: Plan Europe 2000 Project 3 Urbanization, Planning Human Environment in Europe 4
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401167826
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tilburg Studies on Sociology 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1. Coefficients for Dehning The Degree of Similarity Between Objects -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The slope method of Du Mas -- 1.3. Cattell’s rc coefficient of pattern similarity -- 1.4. The D-coefficient -- 1.5. Cohen’s rc coefficient -- 1.6. Zubin’s index and its variants -- 1.7. Hyvarinen’s coefficient -- 1.8. Smirnov’s coefficient -- 1.9. Goodall’s probabilistic similarity index -- 1.10. The distance measure of Williams, a.o. -- 1.11. Conclusion -- 2. Methods Developed for Forming Clusters of Variables or Objects -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. The matrix diagonal method -- 2.3. Methods for re-ordering a socio-matrix -- 2.4. Ramifying linkage analysis -- 2.5. The Gengerelli method -- 2.6. The approximate delimitation method -- 2.7. The B-coefficient of Holzinger and Harman -- 2.8. Iterative factor analysis -- 2.8.1. Wherry and Gaylord -- 2.9. Sneath’s single linkage method -- 2.10. Serensen’s complete linkage method -- 2.11. Wishart’s method -- 2.12. The method of Michener and Sokal -- 2.13. Bridges’ method -- 2.14. The King method -- 2.15. Tryon’s cluster analysis -- 2.16. Conclusion -- Methods of Forming Clusters for Objects -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Thomdike’s method -- 3.3. The method of Sawrey, Keller and Conger -- 3.4. Ward’s method -- 3.5. Johnson’s hierarchical clustering scheme -- 3.6. Hierarchical representation of similarity matrices by trees -- 3.7. Cluster analysis according to Constantinescu -- 3.8. The method of Rogers and Tanimoto -- 3.9. Hyvarinen’s method -- 3.10. Bonner’s methods -- 3.11. Boolean cluster search method -- 3.12. Gengerelli’s method -- 3.13. Mattson and Dammann’s method -- 3.14. The methods of Edwards, a.o. -- 3.15. Conclusion -- 4. Methods for The Construction of Types Following Mcquitty -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Agreement analysis -- 4.3. Elementary linkage analysis -- 4.4. Elementary factor analysis -- 4.5. Hierarchical linkage analysis -- 4.6. Hierarchical syndrome analysis -- 4.7. Multiple rank order typal analysis -- 4.8. Classification by reciprocal pairs -- 4.9. Intercolumnar correlational analysis -- 4.10. Nominee-selectee analysis -- 4.11. Multiple agreement analysis -- 4.12. Criticism -- 5. Some Applications -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Thorndike’s method -- 5.3. The method of Sawrey, Keller and Conger -- 5.4. Ward’s method -- 5.5. McQuitty’s syndrome analysis -- 5.6. Factor analysis -- 5.7. Comparison of the applications -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: During the last years the number of applications of cluster analysis in the social sciences has increased very rapidly. One of the reasons for this is the growing awareness that the assumption of homogeneity implicit in the application of such techniques as factor analysis and scaling is often violated by social science data; another is the increased interest in typolo­ gies and the construction of types. Dr. Bijnen has done an extremely useful job by putting together and evaluating attempts to arrive at better and more elegant techniques of cluster analysis from such diverse fields as the social sciences, biology and medicine. His presentation is very clear and concise, reflecting his intention not to write a 'cookery-book' but a text for scholars who need a reliable guide to pilot them through an extensive and widely scattered literature. Ph. C. Stouthard v Preface This book contains a survey of a number of techniques of clustering analysis. The merits and demerits of the procedures described are also discussed so that the research worker can make an informed choice be­ tween them. These techniques have been published in a very great number of journals which are not all easily accessible to the sociologist. This difficulty is com­ pounded because developments in the different disciplines have occurred almost entirely independently from each other; reference is made only sporadically in a piece of literature to the literature of other disciplines.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Sociology. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: 1. Memories of Otto Neurath -- 1. Otto Neurath’s Parents; the Father’s autobiographical sketch -- 2. Otto Neurath’s Childhood, from autobiographical notes -- 3. University Days, contributed by Marie Neurath -- 4. Military Life, contributed by G. Neumann -- 5. A Teacher of Political Economy, from N. Y. Ben-Gavriel -- 6. Excerpts from Ernst Lakenbacher -- 7. From Wolfgang Schumann -- 8. Autobiographical Excerpts from Otto Neurath -- 9. Munich 1919 and Later, from Ernst Niekisch -- 10. From Otto Neurath’s Son, the Sociologist Paul Neurath -- 11. Heinz Umrath -- 12. From Rudolf Carnap’s Intellectual Autobiography -- 13. Heinrich Neider -- 14. Viktor Kraft -- 15. Karl R. Popper -- 16. 26 September 1924 and After, from Marie Neurath -- 17. Charles Morris -- 18. Marie Neurath: 1940-1945 -- 19. Bilston and A. V. Williams -- 20. Marie Neurath: Otto’s Last Day, 22nd December 1945 -- References -- 2. Six Lessons -- 1. The Little Discourse on the Sanctity of Vocation (by La-Se-Fe) -- 2. The Strange (by La-Se-Fe) -- 3. The Little Discourse on the Virtues (by La-Se-Fe) -- 4. On Delay -- 5. Measure and Number -- 6. Of Masters and Servants -- References -- 3. On the Foundations of the History of Optics -- Reference -- 4. The Problem of the Pleasure Maximum -- References -- 5. Through War Economy to Economy in Kind -- List of Contents -- Preface (April 1919) -- The Theory of War Economy as a Separate Discipline (1913) -- The Converse Taylor System (1917) -- Character and Course of Socialization (1919) -- Utopia as a Social Engineer’s Construction (1919) -- Total Socialization -- References -- 6. Anti-Spengler -- 1. Rejection of Spengler -- 2. Phases of Culture -- 3. The Character of Culture -- 4. Spengler’s Description of the World -- References -- 7. From Vienna Method to Isotype -- 1. The Social and Economic Museum in Vienna (1925) -- 2. Visual Education and the Social and Economic Museum in Vienna (1931) -- 3. Museums of the Future (1933) -- 4. A New Language (1937) -- 5. Visual Education: Humanisation versus Popularisation -- Reference -- 8. Personal Life and Class Struggle -- Introduction: New Principles for Living -- 1. The Coming Man in the Present -- 2. Community Life and Economic Plan -- 3. Eternal Peace -- 4. Youth Associations, School, Vocational Guidance -- 5. Marx and Epicurus -- 6. Turning Away from Metaphysics -- References -- 9. Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung: Der Wiener Kreis [The Scientific Conception of the World: The Vienna Circle] -- Preface -- 1. The Vienna Circle of the Scientific Conception of the World -- 2. The Scientific World Conception -- 3. Fields of Problems -- 4. Retrospect and Prospect -- References -- 10. Empirical Sociology. The Scientific Content of History and Political Economy -- 1. From Magic to Unified Science -- 2. History -- 3. Political Economy -- 4. Uniting History with Political Economy -- 5. Metaphysical Countercurrents -- 6. Sociology on a Materialist Foundation -- 7. Extrapolation -- 8. Coherence -- 9. Structure of Society -- 10. Sociological Prognosis -- References -- 11. International Planning for Freedom -- 1. Pursuit of Happiness -- 2. Production of Freedom -- 3. International Planning in the Making -- References -- 12. List of Works by Otto Neurath -- Notes: Names and Explanations -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: On the last day of his life, Otto Neurath had given help to a Chinese philosopher who was writing about Schlick. Only an hour before his death he said to me: "Nobody will do such a thing for me." My answer then was: "Never mind, you have Bilston, isn't that better?" There were con­ sultations in new housing schemes, an exhibition, and hopes for a fruitful relationship of longer duration. I did not dream at that time that I would one day work on a book like this. The idea came from Horace M. Kallen, of the New School for Social Research, New York, years later; to encourage me he sent me his selection from William James' writings. Later I met Robert S. Cohen. Carnap had sent him to me with the message: "If you want to find out what my political views were in the twenties and thirties, read Otto Neurath's books and articles of that time; his views were also mine." In this way Robert Cohen became ac­ quainted with Otto Neurath. Even more: he became interested; and when I asked him, would he help me as an editor of an Otto N eurath volume, he agreed at once. In previous years I had already asked a number of Otto Neurath's friends to write down for me what they especially remembered about him.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401026673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 3
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- Bertrand Russell’s regulae philosophandi -- II: Formal Science -- Mathematics and Ontology -- Gaps Between Logical Theory and Mathematical Practice -- III: Physics -- Relativity and Covariance -- IV: Biology -- Preliminary Remarks on the Organ-Function Relation -- The Logical Status of the Theory of Natural Selection and Other Evolutionary Controversies -- V: Psychology -- On Confusing ‘Measure’ with ‘Measurement’ in the Methodology of Behavioral Science -- Theoretical Concepts in Neobehavioristic Theories -- VI: Political Science -- Voting Rules and Coordination Problems -- VII: Historiography -- Historical Time and a New Conception of the Historical Sciences -- VIII: Ethics -- Some Problems of Ought-Utilitarianism, Valuation, and Deontic Logic -- IX: Metaphysics -- Human Freedom and 1568 Versions of Determinism and Indeterminism.
    Abstract: The present volume collects some of the talks given at the Bertrand Russell Colloquium on Exact Philosophy, attached to the McGill University Foundations and Philosophy of Science Unit. It also includes a paper, on Bertrand Russell's method of philosophizing, read at the memorial symposium held at Sir Gorge Williams University shortly after the philosopher's death. All the papers appear here for the first time. Unlike many a philosophy of science anthology, this one is not center­ ed on the philosophy of physics. In fact the papers deal with conceptual and, in particular, philosophical problems that pop up in almost every one of the provinces of the vast territory constituted by the foundations, meth­ odology and philosophy of science. A couple of border territories which are in the process of being infiltrated have been added for good measure. The inclusion of papers in the philosophy of formal science and in the philosophies of physics and of biology, in a volume belonging to a series devoted to the philosophy and methodology of the social and behavioral sciences, should raise no eyebrows. Because the sciences of man make use of logic and mathematics, they are interested in questions such as whether the formal sciences have anything to do with reality (rather than with our theories about reality) and whether or not logic has kept up with the practice of mathematicians. These two problems are tackled in Part II, on the philosophy of formal science.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401744959
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (181 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
    Abstract: I. Reactions of Society to Crime -- II. Criminology; Its Definition, Nature and Subfields -- III. what is a Crime? Relativity of the Concept -- IV. Multiformity and Classifications -- V. Punishment -- Index of authors.
    Abstract: Didactically, a textbook of criminology should start at the beginning. The learning process, also an emotional process, begins in criminology with the concepts, views, emotions, attitudes and ideas we have regarding crime and criminals. Exploration of these underlying factors is one of the aims of the present book. We can free our thinking only by being aware of the significance of our own feelings and thoughts about a phenomenon like crime. 'That is the basic problem confronting us. In scien­ tific thinking implicit postulates as to the sensus communis, unless recognized and 1 neutralized, grow into idols.' The fight against crime is one example of such an idol. Crimes and criminals exist only by virtue of reactions to certain forms of be­ havior. For this reason this book will begin by examining the reactions of society to crime. Criminology is primarily a science of others than offenders. In this sense I invert criminology. The history of criminology is not so much a history of offenders, 2 as a history of the reactions of those in power.
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