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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Education ; Financial Economics ; Fiscal Policy ; Fiscal Risks ; Footprint ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non-Oil Revenue ; Quasi-Fiscal Activities ; SNG
    Abstract: The first three chapters of the PFR review the core fiscal policy and revenue mobilization issues. Chapter 1 discusses the fiscal landscape, fiscal framework, and progressivity of fiscal policy. Chapter 2 looks at the footprint of quasi-fiscal activities, which affects the overall fiscal stance and exposes certain fiscal risks. Chapter 3 discusses the stagnation in non-oil revenue and collection across taxes and outlines reform options to improve the tax regime. This PFR also covers education and social protection spending, constituting about 42 percent of generalgovernment budget spending, and is critical for Kazakhstan's social agenda and long-term development goals. Chapter 4 analyzes the efficiency of public spending on education, discusses challenges in delivering equitable access to quality education, and offers options for enhancing spending effectiveness through institutional and policy changes. Chapter 5 discusses the efficiency and effectiveness of spending on the social protection system, particularly the coverage and targeting of social assistance programs, issues in implementing active labor market programs, and challenges in delivering social insurance. Because of data constraints, this PFR excludes analysis on social benefits, pensions, and the State Social Insurance Fund. The last two chapters cover the core system of public-finance management issues on budgeting and inter-governmental fiscal relations. Chapter 6 considers options for further improving budgeting, planning, and monitoring to deliver better fiscal outcomes for inclusive and resilient growth. While Chapter 7 examines emerging subnational fiscal issues and options to simplify and improve certainty in the transfer mechanism from central to SNGs and within the SNG hierarchy
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Education ; Education Reform ; Education Reform and Management ; Existing Teachers ; Learning ; Teaching Practices
    Abstract: In 2023, growth in the Pacific islands (PIC-11) decelerated but remained robust at 5.5 percent--about two and a half times the long-term average. Fiji's output surpassed pre-pandemic levels in 2023 despite a notable deceleration, with growth rates halving from 20 percent in 2022 to eight percent in 2023. The PIC-11, excluding Fiji, experienced a noteworthy rebound of 2.7 percent growth in 2023, after a 0.5 percent output contraction in 2022. The trajectory of accelerated and sustainable growth in Pacific Island countries depends on a workforce that is well educated and equipped with enhanced skills and capabilities. Boosting education and skills is essential for long-term growth and poverty reduction in the Pacific Island countries. While multiple factors influence learning, once a child enters school, teachers have the largest impact. A robust body of evidence guides policymakers in improving teaching quality and ensuring that all young children acquire strong foundational skills. This report outlines a three-pronged program of action based on this evidence: attracting and recruiting effective teachers, enhancing existing teachers' capacity, and motivating greater teacher effort. Recognizing that 54 percent of teachers expected to teach in 2035 are already recruited, the report emphasizes a special focus on enhancing the capacity of existing teachers. It provides examples of rigorously evaluated interventions, such as structured pedagogy and access to pre-recorded lectures by highly rated teachers. Implementing these recommendations will aid regional countries in accelerating learning, allowing children and societies to achieve their aspirations
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Demographics ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Fetal and Maternal Health ; Food and Nutrition Policy ; Gender ; Gender and Poverty ; Government Financing ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Mortality ; Nutrition Services ; Pregnancy ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This Human Capital Review (HCR) report presents an in-depth analysis of human capital indicators throughout a person's lifetime, from in utero to productive aging. By examining the various stages of human capital accumulation, the report aims to provide accurate recommendations for specific groups in Sierra Leone. Thus, the report disaggregates data whenever possible. It relies on an extensive consultative process involving various stakeholders such as Government counterparts, development partners, teachers, adolescent girls, students, private sector representatives, and local representatives. The consultation process followed a Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) approach, which facilitates the identification and resolution of problems by local leadership. In addition, this report aims to inform the design and implementation of human capital reforms that will respond to specific challenges identified in the report
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Education ; Education For All ; Employment ; Employment and Unemployment ; Human Capital ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor ; UMI Countries
    Abstract: This Human Capital Review aims to provide analytical foundations in the support of policies that improve human capital outcomes for the following four UMI countries in Central America: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, and the Dominican Republic. The objective of this report is to identify the key constraints to human capital growth and understand how education and labor market policies can foster a resilient recovery, promote inclusive growth, and contribute to poverty reduction in these countries. The review also estimates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human capital outcomes using a multi-sectoral approach. The analysis compares human capital outcomes in the decade before the COVID-19 pandemic (2010-2019) against trends during the pandemic (2020-2021). Lastly, the report focuses on these four countries, which are the only UMI in Central America to take advantage of new data collected during the pandemic, which allowed to quantify some of the impacts of COVID-19 and understand some of their long-term implications for human development outcomes
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Covid-19 Impact ; Current Status Of Education ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Education and Employment ; Education Finance ; Education Financing ; Education Quality ; Education Resource Allocation ; Education Sector Spending ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Motivation For Education
    Abstract: The education sector in the Lao PDR (Laos) faces significant challenges. Access to education improved over of the past decade but substantial gaps remain, and previous progress is being undermined by the impacts of COVID-19 and ongoing economic difficulties. The quality of education was already poor before these shocks. The sector is severely underfunded due to a steep decline in public resources allocated to education. In addition, limited job prospects for graduates reduce demand for quality education. To prevent these challenges from causing a lost decade for education in Laos, urgent attention is needed in three areas. First, the government should implement comprehensive economic and fiscal reforms to increase available resources for education and facilitate private sector development to create income earning opportunities for graduates. Second, resource allocation within the sector should be improved for equity and balance. Lastly, the education sector needs to better translate available resources into the learning outcomes of children and youth by reducing inefficiencies and rigidities that constrain the key drivers of learning: teachers, school financing, teaching and learning materials, and school infrastructure. Addressing constraints in these three areas will help reverse the decline in education financing, close access gaps, and enhance service quality
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Childcare ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Legal Framework ; Policies ; Services Mapping ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The "Comprehensive Assessment of the Childcare Landscape in Lebanon: A Mixed Methods Study" analyzes the supply and demand of formal childcare services for children aged 0-3. It provides a review of Lebanon's regulatory and institutional framework around childcare, maps out the current supply of services including cost and quality aspects, and deepens the understanding of households' childcare needs. Findings show that there is a mismatch between supply and demand, with a gap in provision for the youngest children and that supply is mostly private, costly, and concentrated in coastal areas. Childcare responsibilities limit women's ability to join the labor force, and affordability is a main constraint for families to access services, resulting in low demand for formal childcare. The study proposes measures for an inclusive expansion of quality and affordable childcare services in four areas: (i) an enabling environment for efficient, affordable provision of quality childcare services, (ii) a more equitable distribution of the unpaid care work burden within the household, (iii) improved State support to address households' care needs, and (iv) inclusive family-friendly workplace conditions in the private sector
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Agriculture ; Climate Change Impact ; Covid-19 Impact ; Education ; Food Security ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital Accumulation and Utilization ; Inclusive Development ; Long-Term Economic Growth ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This report is undertaken as a part of the Human Capital Project (HCP), a globalinitiative of the World Bank Group that aims to increase governments' awarenessof the importance of investing in people (World Bank date of publication not identifiedb). One of the maincomponents of the HCP is a cross-country metric--the Human Capital Index (HCI). The HCI estimates the amount of human capital a child born today can expect to accumulate by the age of 18, thus highlighting how current health and education outcomes shape the work productivity of the next generation. Moreover, given the cumulative nature of human capital, the HCI has clear milestones across the entire human life cycle: at birth, children need to survive; during childhood, they need to be well-nourished; at school age, they must complete all schooling and active adequate learning levels; and in adulthood, they need to stay in good health. Finally, the HCI includes a result: a score that ranges from 0 to 1. A country where an average child has virtually no risk of being stunted or dying before age five, receives high-quality education, and becomes a healthy adult, would have an HCI close to 1. Conversely, when the risk of being ill-nourished or prematurely dying is high, access to education is limited, and the quality of learning is low, the HCI would approach zero
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Accreditation Policies ; Childhood Development ; Early Childhood Development ; Early Education ; ECED ; Education ; GOI
    Abstract: Investments in early years of education and childhood development are among the most cost-effective and beneficial a country can make to tackle learning poverty, promote healthy child development, and enhance shared prosperity. Over the past two decades, the Government of Indonesia (GoI) has scaled up its commitment to early childhood education and development (ECED) through various educational reforms, policies, programs, and financial investments. With the expansion of Indonesia's ECED system, the GoI has committed to improving its quality since the early 2000s. As a key mechanism to raise the quality of ECED services, the GoI actively encourages PAUD centers to become accredited. An analysis of factors that influence whether and how PAUD centers participate in the accreditation system is helpful to inform continuous quality improvement of Indonesia's ECED services. The World Bank is providing the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (MoECRT) technical assistance and advice to improve Indonesia's ECED system. Supported by the Learning for Human Capital Development Programmatic Advisory Services and Analytics (PASA), this study was conducted to inform further improvements to Indonesia's ECED accreditation system. This report presents the findings from the abovementioned ECED accreditation system assessment and is organized in four main sections after an introduction. Section I describes the study's background and the country context, with emphasis on the ECED system and its quality assurance mechanisms. Section II details the methodology used. Section III presents a summary of the survey results. Section IV discusses the implications of the findings and outlines recommendations to inform accreditation policies and programs
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Accessibility ; Child-Focused ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Disability ; Education ; Education Reform and Management ; Inclusive Education ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions
    Abstract: This report presents a review of different approaches in service delivery being implemented in the regions of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA) to ensure the inclusion of children with disabilities in education. The review examines in what ways (and the extent to which) different approaches have been operationalized and contextualized to enable the inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream education systems, focusing specifically on primary schooling
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Economics of Education ; Education ; Education Finance ; Education Reform and Management ; Enabling Factors ; Higher Education ; Integration ; Regional Cooperation
    Abstract: Higher education systems in South Asia have undergone significant changes in the past two decades. Each country in the region has experienced a rapid rise in university enrollment, fueled by demographic growth and the resulting expansion of secondary education. However, in the absence of sufficient financial resources to accommodate increasing student numbers, most higher education institutions are facing daunting challenges. Unlike the recent evolution in Europe and East Asia, South Asian higher education systems and institutions have made little progress in working together so far, notwithstanding the positive results of a few noteworthy partnerships, such as the creation of the South Asian University. The ability of South Asian nations to work together in the higher education sphere will, to a significant extent, determine their capacity to support the development efforts of their respective countries in an effective and dynamic manner. Against this backdrop, the main objective of this report is to explore the potential for increased regional collaboration and integration in higher education in the South Asia region
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Climate-Smart Agriculture ; Education ; Education Finance ; Energy Resources Development ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Systems ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inclusion ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; NEDI ; Off-Grid Solar Access ; Transport and Trade ; Water and Sanitation
    Abstract: Kenya's north and northeastern region is a host to 11 percent of the total population scattered across 63 percent of the country's landmass. The arid and semi-arid region experiences recurrent droughts that create vulnerabilities for the nomadic pastoralist communities, pervasive insecurity, suffers fragility, and has been a host to the largest population of refugees in sub-Saharan Africa over the last three decades. These policy choices contributed to the significant lag in most of the development indicators for this region compared to the rest of the country. The region has huge infrastructure deficits, low literacy rates, and contributes only a modest 4.7 percent to the national gross domestic product. To address the socio-economic disparities and inequality challenges, the Government of Kenya with support from World Bank (WB) launched the North and Northeastern Development Initiative (NEDI) in 2018. The NEDI, the region's first significant, integrated, and transformative investment, cuts across foundational sectors including energy, water, transport, social protection, displacement, and agriculture
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2113
    Keywords: CDR Approach ; Education ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Motivation ; Skills and Knowledge ; Teacher Policy ; Teachers
    Abstract: This report zooms into what lies behind the success or failure of teacher policies: how teachers experience these policies, and how systems scale and sustain these policies. The report argues that for policies to be successful, they need to be designed and implemented with careful consideration of the barriers that could hinder teachers' take-up of the policy (individual-level barriers), and the barriers that could hinder the implementation and sustainability of policies at scale (system-level barriers). Teacher polices too often fail to yield meaningful changes in teaching and learning because both their design and implementation overlook how teachers perceive, understand, and act in response to the policy and because they miss what is needed at a system level to achieve and sustain change. To avoid this, policymakers need to go beyond what works in teacher policy to how to support teachers in different contexts to adopt what works, while making sure it is implementable at scale and can be sustained over time. This requires unpacking teacher policies to consider the barriers that might hinder success at both the individual and system levels, and then putting in place strategies to overcome these barriers. The report proposes a practical framework to uncover the black box of effective teacher policy and discusses the factors that enable their scalability and sustainability. The framework distills insights from behavioral science to identify the barriers that stand in the way of the changes targeted by the policy and to develop strategies to overcome them. The framework is used to examine questions such as: What changes are required at an individual level to achieve the specific goals of a given teacher policy What barriers constrain the adoption of these changes How can the policy be better designed and implemented to tackle these barriers Moreover, the report draws on evidence from quantitative and qualitative studies on successful and failed teacher policies to examine the factors that make teacher policy operationally and politically feasible such that it can work at scale and be sustained over time
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Access To Educaton ; Becoming Upper-Middle-Income ; Economics of Education ; Education ; Gender and Education ; Gender Inequity ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Girls Education Gap ; High Stunting Rate ; Human Capital Investment ; Skill Utilization ; Social Development
    Abstract: Pakistan can realize major economic growth and development by investing in its people and their human capital. But the reality is that Pakistan's human capital is low and has improved only marginally over the past three decades. Inequalities in human capital outcomes have persisted or widened over time between the rich and poor, men and women, and rural and urban areas and among the provinces. Human capital outcomes are low across the board, with even the most economically advantaged groups in Pakistan having lower human capital outcomes than less economically advantaged groups in peer countries. Pakistan's Human Capital Index (HCI) value of 0.41 is low in both absolute and relative terms. It is lower than the South Asia average of 0.48, with Bangladesh at 0.46 and Nepal at 0.49. Pakistan's human capital outcomes are more comparable to those in Sub-Saharan Africa, which has an average HCI value of 0.40. To enhance its human capital, Pakistan should adopt a life cycle approach to building, protecting, and deploying human capital, starting before birth, continuing through early childhood development, and schooling, culminating in increasingly productive employment. This calls for a long-term commitment, recognition of the multidimensional and cumulative nature of human capital investments, deliberate efforts from multiple stakeholders and sectors to build on intersectoral linkages, and a continuity of policies across political parties and governments. Many countries previously at Pakistan's level of development have managed to precisely do this, even with regional variations and gaps just as large. Pakistan has the tools to implement the recommendations in this report, provide stewardship for human capital investments, and enhance economic growth over the long term. Pakistan's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the country can manage complex challenges, despite its institutional constraints
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Keywords: Education ; Inequality ; Limited Safety Nets ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis, Poverty ; Poverty Reduction, Inequality ; Rural Households ; Telecommunications Sector
    Abstract: The share of Uganda's population that lives below the poverty line has fluctuated over the last seven years, greatly influenced by shocks that have tested the resilience of the people. The COVID-19 pandemic pushed both urban and rural residents into poverty. Inequality, which reflects the extent to which different population groups benefit from Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, and affects the transmission of growth into poverty reduction, remained largely unchanged over this period and may even have worsened in urban areas. The findings of this report show that previously identified patterns and drivers of Uganda's poverty changes persisted well into 2020 - shaped by low productivity and high vulnerability. Identified inequality of economic opportunities and unequal accumulation of the human capital could hold back structural change in employment. Accelerating poverty reduction in such a setting requires a two-pronged strategy. While at the macroeconomic level, policies addressing growth fundamentals are important for reducing poverty, from a microeconomic perspective, the report's analysis shows that two strategies will be crucial. The first strategy is to lift the productivity and incomes of poor households in both rural and urban areas. While tackling agricultural productivity and job creation are at the top of the agenda here, making mobile phone services more widely accessible and affordable is a potential opportunity. The second strategy is to strengthen people's resilience to shocks, particularly in rural areas. To have an impact, policies in both these areas will have to address the inequality in opportunities analyzed in the report. This document provides an overview of key report findings and identifies priority actions
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Gender Assessment
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Contraceptive Use ; Cutting ; Education ; Female Genital Mutilation ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Gender and Law ; Gender and Poverty ; Gender-Based Violence ; Girls Education Status ; Maternal Health Access ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Women's Access To Health Services ; Women's Agency ; Women's Economic Opportunity
    Abstract: Evidence shows that Guinean women and girls face important barriers across all dimensions of well-being that prevent them from having access to opportunities on an equal footing with men. The poor agency of women and girls, as reflected in the high prevalence of discriminatory legal and social norms, translates into gaps in health, education, employment, and entrepreneurship, ultimately undermining their capacity to fulfill their potential and imposing important societal costs. This report presents a summary of the key challenges facing Guinean women and girls relative to men and boys. The report has a particular focus on early family formation, a common phenomenon in the country with important implications for girls' and women's well-being and opportunities in life. On the basis of this diagnostic and a review of evidence of what works, the report proposes some strategic lines of action to address the existing constraints and effectively empower Guinean women
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; Education ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Education Reform and Management ; Learning Acceleration ; Learning Poverty
    Abstract: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, global learning levels were unacceptably low. In 2019, learning poverty, the share of children unable to read and understand a simple text by age 10, had reached 57 percent in low- and middle-income countries (World Bank and others 2022b). This constituted a global learning crisis. Despite significant expansion in access to schooling in most low, and middle-income countries over the past 50 years to near-universal levels for primary school, progress in improving global learning levels had stalled. This report, Learning Recovery to Acceleration: A Global Update on Country Efforts to Improve Learning and Reduce Inequalities, takes stock of what countries have done so far to recover and accelerate learning since reopening schools, and what we have learned from their experience. It follows the RAPID Framework for Learning Recovery and Acceleration, which we published with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, U.K.'s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), UNESCO, UNICEF and USAID in 2022 as a menu of policy actions based on past evidence and on policies that many countries were already implementing. To a large extent, many of the policies and interventions needed to recover from the pandemic setbacks and accelerate learning are known. One lesson is clear: political and financial commitment are vital for improving learning and reducing inequality. Effective education strategies require societies' determination to make education a priority and devote the necessary human and financial resources to end the learning crisis. Policymakers, schools, and communities must work urgently to recover learning, tackle deep-rooted systemic challenges, and build resilience to future disruptions
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Basic Education Financing ; Education ; Education Sector Strategy and Lending ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Regulation and Supervision ; Policies ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Funding ; Public Spending ; Zanzibar
    Abstract: Since 2015, because of healthy economic growth and a strong commitment to strengthening human capital, Zanzibar has made significant progress in the provision of good quality basic education services. Government spending has risen and has supported ambitious plans to provide inclusive and equitable access to quality education and skills training. Since 2015, sector targets for increasing access to public services were largely met in education, and in some instances surpassed. Yet despite these significant successes, the basic education sector continues to face challenges in providing good-quality services and reaching the marginalized. This Zanzibar Basic Education Public Expenditure Review aims to: (i) assess the scale of the financing challenge in basic education (preprimary, primary, and secondary education); (ii) analyze the adequacy, efficiency, and equity of current levels and uses of public spending on education; and (iii) from this analysis, and drawing on relevant international practices, present a set of policy suggestions for improvements in public funding for basic education in Zanzibar
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Connectivity ; Digital Transformation ; Education ; Education For the Knowledge Economy ; Government Information Network ; Higher Education ; Higher Education Reform ; ICT Applications ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Internet ; Social Protections and Labor ; Vocational and Technical Education
    Abstract: The Digital Transformation of Philippine Higher Education recommends a medium-term strategy for the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). Chapter 1 presents an overview of the Philippine higher education sector and analyzes the sectoral and country context for digital transformation of higher education. Chapter 2 discusses the foundations and pillars that support digital transformation as well as the building blocks of common and shared platforms and services for students and academic, research, and administrative stakeholders in higher education. Based on the findings in Chapter 1 and global good practices on digital transformation in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 recommends strategic goals and actions for CHED and HEIs as well as other higher education key players to digitally transform Philippine higher education
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 11872
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Covid-19 Pandemic Impact On Education Spending ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Education Finance ; Education Funding Indicators ; Education Reform ; Education Reform and Management ; Education Spending Per Child ; Educational Outcome Focus ; Evidence-Based Education Policy ; Gender Equity in Education ; Teacher Effectiveness
    Abstract: Education needs to recover the space it lost in national budgets because of COVID-19. Many LICs and LMICs decreased the prioritization of education spending with the onset of COVID-19. Half of these countries reduced their annual spending on education in 2020, compared to 28 percent in 2019. Emerging evidence suggests that after falling in 2020, the share of education in national budgets of LICs and MICs recovered in 2021 but by 2022 it remained below its 2019 pre-pandemic level. Meanwhile, many HICs protected education shares over that period and some even increased resources specifically for learning recovery. Education financing needs to expand to ensure sufficient per-capita spending to meet national education goals. Given variation across countries, common international benchmarks on education spending should not be used deterministically to assess the adequacy of financing. Spending per school-age child, the most accurate indicator of financing adequacy, averages US53 dollars in LICs, US318 dollars in LMICs, US980 dollars in UMICs and US7,800 dollars in HICs. These stark differences surpass differences in countries' living standards and costs of delivering education services. Many LICs and LMICs that meet common international benchmarks on education spending (such as 4-6 percent of GDP or 15-20 percent of public budgets) still spend very little per school-age child due to their small state budgets and large young populations
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Education ; Education Reform and Management ; Evolving Skills ; Labor Markets ; Low-Income Countries ; Middle-Income Countries ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technical and Vocational Education and Training ; TVET
    Abstract: Reform of formal technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is urgently needed in most low- and middle-income countries. Demographic trends, coupled with higher rates of students completing lower levels of education, can lead to an exponential increase in the number of secondary TVET students in the next 20 years, particularly in low-income countries (LICs). However, there are significant risks attached to expanding a system that is often considered a second-tier educational track and to which challenged learners are often directed. Because of a broken link between TVET systems and labor markets in low- and middle-income countries (LICs and MICs, together: L/MICs), TVET cannot deliver on its promise. The urgency is compounded by megatrends associated with globalization, technological progress, demographic transformation, and climate change, which affect both skills demand and the distribution of economic opportunities. This report offers guidance to policymakers designing and implementing TVET reforms, emphasizing core principles and practical considerations for L/MICs. There is much to be learned from recent L/MIC reform experiences like those in Bangladesh, El Salvador, and Mongolia, about identifying effective reform strategies and the likely impact of megatrends on future demand for TVET. The report focuses on secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary formal TVET, defined as TVET obtained within the formal education system that leads to diplomas, degrees, or other formal certifications. This overview, summarizing the main messages from the report, has three parts. The first, the TVET Promise, looks at the potential of TVET systems to deliver access to equitable, quality, and relevant training and contribute to employment and productivity. The second, the TVET Challenge, articulates the main limitations in practice for L/MIC TVET systems. The third, the Way Forward to Better TVET, proposes three interrelated transformations (three E's) and six policy priorities to help TVET deliver on its promise in L/MICs
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2113
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; Edtech ; Education ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Education Reform and Management ; FLC ; Foundational Learning ; Teachers
    Abstract: The FLC Progress Report showcases initiatives that have helped create tools and knowledge for countries to improve foundational learning through their educational systems. Since it is the first such report for the FLC, it will cover the transition to the FLC from the previous SABER3 program to its incarnation as the FLC umbrella trust fund. It will also examine recent and current challenges, including the slowdown in the pace of implementation during the COVID related school and ministry closures. The pandemic both stymied and shaped how the FLC initiatives worked, where we worked, and when we worked. We have had to adapt. Fortunately, implementation has picked up in the last year and technical teams have been working tirelessly to accelerate implementation
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2109
    Keywords: Education ; Education Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; HRM ; Human Development ; Macro Fiscal Context ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Expenditure ; Sustainability
    Abstract: This is an overview of the CAR Human Development (HD) Public Expenditure Review (PER). This overview provides an analytical basis to decision-makers and stakeholders for the formulation of ambitious yet fiscally responsible interventions to improve human capital outcomes in CAR. The PER examines public expenditure trends of the education, health, and social protection (SP) sectors with a focus on adequacy, efficiency, and equity of expenditures as well as human resource management (HRM). The primary objective is to provide analytical insights for government policy development and prioritization strategy as it seeks to achieve a resilient recovery and rebuild its education and health sectors and establish a strong SP system which will help the poorest households invest and protect their own human capital. The PER can also serve as a useful source of knowledge and information to development partners seeking to deepen the impact of their support to the human capital development sectors. The recommendations put forth by the PER are those identified as fiscally sustainable and most important for rebuilding and strengthening human capital development sectors, including a focus on future human resource (HR) recruitment needed in the education and health sectors
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2209
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Adult Literacy ; Agency ; Education ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gender Barrier To Education ; Gender Bias in Education ; Girls Primary Education
    Abstract: This thematic note is part of a broader mixed-method study on gender inequalities in Madagascar, which intends to illustrate the key gender gaps in the country and shed light on the unique challenges that young Malagasy women face in their educational, professional, and family trajectories. Due to the persistence of financial, social, and institutional barriers, Malagasy women and girls encounter significant disadvantages across all dimensions of well-being and are unable to access opportunities in an equal manner with men and boys in the country. They are largely constrained in their ability to accumulate human capital in education and health, and to participate in economic opportunities; and they face severe limitations in agency and decision-making, particularly with respect to family formation. Women and girls also appear to be disproportionally affected by the impacts of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, which further widen preexisting gender gaps and amplify vulnerability to poverty, violence, and discrimination. This thematic note discusses in detail the status of girls' and women's education in Madagascar and proposes several strategic lines of action to assist girls and young women in completing schooling. This note is accompanied by the overview of all study findings and three thematic notes that present in-depth insights in the following key dimensions: health, economic opportunities, and agency
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2209
    Keywords: Climate Impact on Girls ; Education ; Education For All ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Economics ; Gender Bias in Education ; Girls Life Choices ; Social Aspects of Climate Change ; Social Development ; Systemic Gender Gaps ; Women and Girls Health ; Women's Agency ; Women's Economic Opportunity
    Abstract: This Overview presents the findings from the mixed-method study on gender inequalities in Madagascar, illustrating the key gender gaps in the country and shedding light on the unique challenges that young Malagasy women face in their educational, professional, and family trajectories. Due to the persistence of financial, social, and institutional barriers, Malagasy women and girls encounter significant disadvantages across all dimensions of well-being and are unable to access opportunities in an equal manner with men and boys in the country. They are largely constrained in their ability to accumulate human capital in education and health, and to participate in economic opportunities; and they face severe limitations in agency and decision-making, particularly with respect to family formation. Women and girls also appear to be disproportionally affected by the impacts of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, which further widen preexisting gender gaps and amplify vulnerability to poverty, violence, and discrimination. On the basis of the research findings, the Overview presents key gender gaps in Madagascar and proposes four strategic lines of policy recommendations to (i) assist girls and young women in completing school education, (ii) improve women's and girls' access to professional health care and prevent teenage pregnancy, (iii) enhance women's economic opportunities, and (iv) improve women's and girls' voice and agency through the elimination of all forms of gender-based violence. Four thematic notes accompany this Overview and present detailed findings in the four key dimensions: education, health, economic opportunities, and agency
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 11872
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Childhood Trauma ; Climate Change and Health ; Disability ; Earthquake Impact On Learning ; Earthquake-Related Learning Loss ; Economic Consequences Of Trauma ; Economic Impact Of Trauma ; Education ; Emotional Damage From Disasters ; Labor Markets ; Post-Traumatic Stress and Learning ; Psychosocial Impact Of Natural Disaster
    Abstract: The recent earthquakes in 11 provinces in Turkiye affected the learning of more than 5 million students. The natural disasters occurred during a global economic contraction and regional conflicts just after special circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. These challenges resulted in learning losses, emotional and psychosocial damages with expensive economic consequences that is estimated at more than 3.5 percent reduction in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) annually if not tackled carefully and in a timely manner. These challenges require policy decisions to protect the education system and the learning and skills assets given the political commitment to build back better. This report (i) quantified the challenges, (ii) evaluated the immediate steps taken since the 6th of February by the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) and proposes an emergency response system that can be deployed during future disasters and crises, and (iii) recommends a roadmap to support the education system for recovery from the earthquake emergency. The roadmap focuses on the earthquake regions and consists of (i) institutionalizing of an integrated national program targeting education and care aiming at a strong head start for 3-, 4- and 5-years old children and support to mothers and families; (ii) supporting green and resilient reconstruction to provide a learning environment for all children; (iii) establishing a learning catching up program for acceleration and support towards learning and wellbeing of vulnerable groups; (iv) securing the skills asset for improved production and economic growth with a futuristic vision towards green and technological innovations aiming at signature programs in general secondary, vocational education, professional and higher education focusing on the skilling and reskilling agendas; and finally (v) establishing a national center of excellence for education management in emergencies
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2119
    Keywords: Climate Change Impacts ; Debt Indicators ; Economic Growth ; Education ; Environment ; Fiscal Indicators ; GDP ; GHG ; Inflation ; Life Expectancy At Birth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Indicators ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Europe and Central Asia region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank's most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 11872
    Keywords: Access To Basic Education ; Education ; Education Governance ; Education Quality ; Free Education ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Law ; School Learning Environment ; Teacher Quality
    Abstract: The implementation of the fee-free basic education policy (FBEP) in Tanzania since 2015 has led to consistent growth in the education sector. However, the rapidly increasing school-age population has been creating demands for additional resources and capacity that are often not met. Persistent challenges related to institutional governance and insufficient education spending toward core teaching and learning matters further hinder service delivery and result in inadequate learning outcomes. This note draws evidence from existing studies and available data, taking a holistic approach to assess the performance of the basic education system in Mainland Tanzania in the last decade. It describes the basic service delivery indicators but also goes beyond to analyze the underlying challenges in institutional governance and basic education financing. Recognizing that basic education can deliver fundamental literacy, numeracy, as well as socioemotional skills which are crucial building blocks for continued education and training, employment, and lifelong fulfillment for all Tanzanian citizens, the policy note highlights the following areas that require attention: equitable access; learning outcomes; quantity, quality, and management of teachers; school learning environment; the curriculum and language of instruction; national examinations and learning assessments; and governance and finance
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 7800
    Keywords: Adolescent Pregnancy ; Child Marriage ; Economic Inclusion ; Education ; Food and Nutrition Policy ; Gender ; Health ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Trade Facilitation ; Violence Against Women ; Women and Girls ; Women's Leadership
    Abstract: This gender assessment has been prepared as an input for the preparation of the World Bank's Country Partnership Strategy for Mozambique (2023-2027). However, this assessment is not limited to areas of the World Bank's current country engagement; rather, it seeks to provide a general overview of the key challenges and opportunities facing Mozambican women and girls across different dimensions of their lives. The assessment adopts a life-cycle approach identifying key inflection points in the lives of women and girls that either limit or facilitate their empowerment. The assessment is based on a desk review of available studies, reports, and data from Mozambique, and draws on global evidence, largely from the Africa region
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2209
    Keywords: Adolescent Well-Beng ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Drop-Out Rate Reduction ; Economic Growth ; Education ; Energy and Environment ; Financial Sector and Social Assistance ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gendered Adolescent Health Trends ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Secondary Education ; Water Resources Management ; Youth Health ; Youth Well-Being
    Abstract: This report focuses on the trends of adolescent and youth well-being in Tanzania, identifying how and why well-being has or has not changed over time. The report conceptualizes well-being holistically. Well-being can be defined as one's ability and opportunity to learn, make decisions, live a healthy life (physically and mentally), be well-nourished, express agency, have peace of mind, and ultimately be economically empowered. Well-being can be accumulated over time and is a composite of multiple aspects that affect the life one lives and the quality of that life. In many ways, how to live a good life and whether one is living this good life has been a key question asked across countries, and there are multiple frameworks that have been used to measure well-being. For the purposes of this study, six domains of well-being are recognized: (1) education and learning, (2) bodily integrity, (3) health, (4) psychological well-being (peace), (5) voice and agency, and (6) economic empowerment and skills. These domains are interconnected, and, also considered is the idea of peace of mind, without which, there is no wellness
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2113
    Keywords: Accessibility ; Accessible Learning ; Accessible Special Technologies ; Augmentative and Alternative Communication ; Climate Change and Health ; Climate Change Impacts ; Disability ; Education ; Inclusive Education ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The purpose of this toolkit is to generate knowledge on how to develop and adapt assessment tools using principlesof universal design that yield reliable and valid data andinformation to track the learning outcomes of marginalizedlearners, including learners with disabilities
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2119
    Keywords: Debt Indicators ; Education ; Environment ; Fiscal Indicators ; GDP ; GHG ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Insurance ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Indicators ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank's most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2113
    Keywords: Blended Learning ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Economic Growth ; Education ; Energy and Environment ; ICT ; Information and Communication Technologies ; K-12
    Abstract: This report proposes a preliminary guiding framework to define and deploy blended learning models at the K-12 level in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Drawing lessons from international examples and good practices, the proposed framework aims to provide key considerations for the strategic and effective use and integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in K-12 schools
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Economic and Sector Work Reports
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Education ; Education For All ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions
    Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) tools can have a catalytic effect in advancing both educational access and learning outcomes for children with disabilities. Despite tremendous potential, a gap exists between technology advancements and their large-scale application in educating children with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. This landscape review of ICTs for disability inclusive education by the Inclusive Education Initiative seeks to understand the current status and trends in the practice of educational technology (EdTech) and the use of ICT in improving the educational participation and outcomes of children with disabilities. The review explores what factors enable or restrict this improvement within the wider EdTech ecosystem
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Conflict ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Education Violence and Social Cohesion ; Poverty Reduction ; Primary Education ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Violence
    Abstract: Education is one of the most powerful forces we have for creating a more peaceful and prosperous future. Yet the children most in need of a good education are also at greatest risk of having their learning disrupted, whether by conflict, violence, pandemics, climate, or other crises. This approach paper lays out the World Bank's policy approach for how to deliver education services so that children are safe and learning. The first section defines the context, dynamics, and key terms and concepts of education in fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV). The second section traces the evolution of the World Bank's strategy for delivering education services in fragile settings. It draws on interviews with organizations working on education in emergency situations and presents the World Bank portfolio trends for FCV in education, dating back to 2005. The third section presents operational recommendations, drawing on interviews with World Bank task team leaders, managers, and country directors, as well as key partners. As such, this paper is not a systematic review of what works in FCV situations. Rather, it presents guiding principles, policy options, and operational recommendations for how the education sector can help deliver on the Bank Group's FCV Strategy
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Keywords: Economics of Education ; Education ; Education Services Industry ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Higher Education ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies
    Abstract: Malaysia's higher education sector expanded rapidly in the late 1990s, with the number of institutions peaking in 2001 and the number of international students peaking in 2017. Following improvements in the quality of local universities and the establishment of branches of international campuses in Malaysia, the country has become a net receiver of foreign students. Enhanced trade in the higher education sector, and the expansion of the sector, bodes well for Malaysia's next phase of economic development. The objectives of this paper are to document the pattern of trade in higher education services in Malaysia and to analyze the main factors that constrain trade in this sector. First, the paper aims to document Malaysia's higher education landscape and the pattern of trade in each of the four modes of services trade. Second, it seeks to identify key policy challenges and constraints affecting this sector. The paper employs a combination of quantitative, qualitative, and institutional research methods. The paper finds that despite numerous liberalization measures, a number of remaining restrictions and limitations continue to impact trade in the sector. The paper finds that the most significant policy challenges likely relate to domestic constraints. To attract foreign students and faculty members and to enhance trade in the higher education sector, it is crucial to ease the visa and immigration processes and rules. Furthermore, measures to enhance the digitalization of administrative processes at the regulatory agencies and at Higher Education Institution (HEIs) can increase efficiency, with the potential to reduce the burden associated with excessive documentation requirements. It is also crucial that agencies and universities systematically collect more data to better inform policy reforms and guide universities in how to improve their programs
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Early Childhood Development ; Early Childhood Education ; Economics of Education ; Education ; Education Finance
    Abstract: This study used qualitative data analysis to draw both theoretical and practical lessons from diverse experiences with RBF at the meso-level of the education sector, particularly in low and middle-income countries. We drew upon the experiences of those who have designed, implemented and/or researched such RBF initiatives. The review included four different sources of data: 1) academic literature; 2) project documents; 3) a global survey; and 4) key stakeholder interviews
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Economics of Education ; Education ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Gender ; Labor Markets ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Benin has embarked on an ambitious reform of rapid expansion of its technical and vocational education training (TVET) sector with the goal, among others, to increase enrollment tenfold by 2030. Investments in the Benin's human development are important to support the government's economic growth objectives. A specific area of focus and one that has received support from the very highest levels of government is the focus on skills development and TVET. The government has put in place significant reforms to support this subsector with the aim to increase the skills base of the Beninese workforce and the population more generally, to enhance the coordination and functioning of the sector, to strengthen sectoral and institutional governance, and to improve system efficiency and relevance of programs to the needs of the labor market. The objective of this policy note is to inform the ongoing TVET reforms. The note assesses the effectiveness of the TVET system in Benin and provides policy recommendations for improvements. This policy note also presents a perspective on the plans to rapidly expand the sector, drawing on the experience of other economies including high-growth East Asian countries, and considers global trends, technological advances, climate change, and structural challenges, including the high level of informal employment and gender inequality. The report is organized into five chapters. Chapter one presents background information outlining opportunities, challenges, and reforms in the Benin TVET system. Chapter two provides broader analysis of the TVET system in Benin. Chapter three analyzes the recent developments and reforms to system of governance and financing. While chapter four assesses the quality assurance (QA) system in TVET, chapter five summarizes the key reform options and policy recommendations
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; Education ; Education For All ; Environment ; Gender ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Natural Resources ; Natural Resources Management ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Sustainability
    Abstract: The Performance and Learning Review (PLR) summarizes progress in the implementation of the World Bank Group (WBG) Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Cambodia for Fiscal Year (FY) 2019-2023 (Report No. 136500-KH). The CPF, discussed by the Board of Executive Directors on May 30, 2019, proposed a joint WBG program of assistance covering three focus areas: (i) promoting state efficiency and boosting private sector development; (ii) fostering human development; and (iii) improving agriculture and strengthening sustainable use of natural resources. A cross-cutting theme of strengthening governance, institutions and citizen engagement underpins reforms in all three focus areas. These areas address the key development challenges identified in the 2017 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) (Report No. 115189-KH) and are aligned with the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC)'s Rectangular Strategy Phase IV and the National Strategic Development Plan 2019-2023 and remain relevant to support Cambodia's post COVID-19 recovery
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; Economic Growth ; Education ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: As the two-year Coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis appears to wane, new economic shocks have cast shadows over the global economy heightening uncertainty about the short-to-medium path to recovery. The supply shock associated with the war in Ukraine is expected to blunt the promising economic recovery around the world and has raised the specter of stagflation in advanced countries, leading to tightening conditions in global financial markets. Measures undertaken by China to control the spread of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 are also impacting its growth and the performance of global value chains. Additional risks threaten the recovery prospects of the global economy. New COVID-19 variants continue to be a severe risk, and as people around the world grow weary of pandemic-measures, this 'fatigue' could hamper attempts at controlling the spread. Vietnam's economy is rebounding after two bruising years but faces domestic challenges and an unfavorable external environment in the short-to-medium-term. High vaccination rates facilitated the re-opening of the Vietnamese economy after the lockdowns of Q3-2021. Chapter 1 of this Taking Stock report reviews the recent developments in Vietnam's economy and assesses its short-to-medium term prospects. It examines the country's growth performance, its external balance, and monetary and fiscal policy responses during the first half of 2022. Chapter 2 reviews the performance in tertiary education access and outcomes
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Education Sector Review
    Keywords: Education ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Primary Education ; Rural Development ; Rural Education
    Abstract: The ReadHome Track and Trace to Strengthen Book Supply Chains project involved the creation of a best practices guide to implementing track and trace solutions for Teaching and Learning Materials (TLM). Support was also provided to five target countries to adapt these best practices to the country context to enable the development of robust, locally-owned supply chain monitoring systems to ensure delivery of TLM to the schools and families that need them most
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; Education ; Education Indicators and Statistics
    Abstract: This brief summarizes the state of student learning outcomes in Myanmar before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and presents retrospective estimates of the losses in learning and future earnings of students resulting from the disruptions caused by the pandemic and the military coup of February 1, 2021. It shows that Myanmar had been facing a learning crisis even before the COVID-19 pandemic as reflected in very low levels of learning outcomes in reading and math, and large disparities in learning outcomes across different population groups. This crisis was aggravated by the pandemic and the coup which caused schools to remain closed for almost two years. As a result, the children in Myanmar have been experiencing significant learning losses which will, in turn, also reduce their future earnings substantially. This points to the need for both shorter term learning recovery focused interventions as well as longer term interventions aimed at strengthening system resilience
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Education ; Education For All ; Environment ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Global Markets ; Green Growth ; Green Issues ; Illegal Deforestation ; Inclusion ; Productivity ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Sustainable Development Financing
    Abstract: This package of Public Policy Notes is directed to Brazilian policy makers and society to present the World Bank Group's overview of key challenges facing the country at this juncture, and possible ways forward to address them. We present an agenda prioritized around four issues of core relevance to Brazil's recovery and its future resilience. First is the goal of financing development sustainably given the immediate challenge of situating the country's enormous growth, inclusion and climate action needs within a credible macroeconomic framework and efficient and effective fiscal policies. The second theme addressed in this note is building opportunities through productivity-led growth. With the growing reliance of Brazilians on social assistance policies, it is critical to keep sight of growth and jobs as the most important vehicles for the dignity and upward mobility of the poor. Third is increasing the capabilities and economic inclusion of the poor so that they are better able to capture the opportunities that come with growth. Thefourth theme we address in this note is meeting Brazil's potential as a as a leader in green and climate friendly development. This document is accompanied by a package of six policy presentations and an underlying set of more detailed policy reports that can be accesses here: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Conditions and Volatility ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Insecurity ; Economic Investment and Savings ; Education ; Global Shocks ; Inequitable Access ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Uneven Distribution
    Abstract: Amidst repercussions from the Russia-Ukraine conflict, lingering supply chain disruptions, and tightening global financial conditions, Egypt is experiencing a spike in inflation and has suffered abrupt large-scale portfolio outflows; adding pressures to the country's already stretched public finances and external accounts. The Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) has undertaken exchange rate and monetary policy adjustments since March 2022 by allowing the exchange rate to depreciate and by raising key policy rates, in order to contain the widening trade deficit, capital reversal and the ensuing drop in foreign exchange buffers. In tandem, the government announced social mitigation packages. The authorities' efforts to restore macroeconomic stability, rebuild reserves, and push ahead with structural reforms is supported by the 46-month International Monetary Fund (IMF) program, along with other multilateral and bilateral financing and investments. This report provides an update on the recent economic developments and outlook of the Egyptian economy, while embedding the analysis in long-standing challenges. It also features a Special Focus on Education Sector reforms that draws on the World Bank Egypt Public Expenditure Review for Human Development Sectors. A key message is that education spending, its efficiency, and the overall learning outcomes require improvements in order to meet the needs for robust human development, poverty reduction, improved equity, and long-term growth. According to the report, there are three key (inter-connected) priorities going forward: (1) establishing sustained macroeconomic stability and enhancing the competitiveness of Egyptian economy to ensure resilient sources of foreign income activities (exports and FDI). This requires continuing to push ahead with business environment reforms; (2) streamlining budgetary and off-budget expenditures and increasing revenues to create the fiscal space required to allocate more resources for priority areas (such as the education sector); and (3) unleashing the private sector's potential in higher value-added and export-oriented activities to create jobs and improve living standards
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Keywords: Disability ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Inequality ; Job Creation ; Labor Markets ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; State-Owned Banks ; Total Factor Productivity
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Disability ; Education ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Children with disabilities undoubtedly face barriers within the education system, however they also face significant challenges within the broader ecosystem that can significantly undermine their and their family's ability to pursue educational opportunities on par with their peers without disabilities. This study aimed to understand what key determinants beyond school-based factors shaped the experiences of children with disabilities and their families' ability to support their educational participation in primary school through case studies in Rwanda, Sierra Leone, and Zambia. The report also includes findings from a short regional survey of parents' and caregivers' perceptions across Sub-Saharan Africa. The study explored factors such as: (1) parental aspirations and involvement in their child's education; (2) stigma and attitudes about children with disabilities; (3) access to necessary supports such as assistive devices, learning materials, and personal assistance; (4) additional and out-of-pocket costs borne by families to support the educational participation of children with disabilities as compared to children without disabilities; (5) accessibility of community infrastructure and transportation; and (6) financial resources and government benefits available to families to support their child's education
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Primary Education
    Abstract: This Handbook for Literacy Lesson Planning is designed to be used as a resource for education stakeholders seeking to design evidence-aligned early grade literacy programs. It describes the different subskills involved in learning to read, outlines best classroom practices for each subskill, and offers examples of high-quality classroom activities for each best practice
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Education ; Gender ; Health Care Services Industry ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Industry ; Nutrition ; Population and Development ; Social Capital
    Abstract: A small open economy, Benin has seen growth that is above average for the region. The volatility of high growth spells combined with low productivity growth has translated into limited gains in income per capita. Following its transition from low-income country to lower middle income country status in 2020 Benin is at the start of a new growth path. Its challenge is to boost the structural transformation of its economy driven by new growth drivers capable of sustaining an economic acceleration, lifting labor productivity and creating quality jobs for its young labor force, including women. While Benin's economy has been spared by the worse of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) crisis, the shock has reinforced the need to focus on structural reforms that address long term challenges and ensure that economic recovery is sustainable and inclusive. The key conclusions that underpin this report, following the country economic memorandum (CEM) 2.0 framework suggest that investing further in human capital and closing gender gaps, particularly to accelerate the decline in fertility rates, and integrate women and youth into a higher quality labor market, should be central. Deepening market integration, connecting people and creating agglomeration economies through transport infrastructure and services should catalyze additional opportunities, taking advantage of Benin's geographical position
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Education ; Emerging Markets ; Export Competitiveness ; Private Sector Development ; Social Capital
    Abstract: A small open economy, Benin has seen growth that is above average for the region. The volatility of high growth spells combined with low productivity growth has translated into limited gains in income per capita. Following its transition from low-income country to lower middle income country status in 2020 Benin is at the start of a new growth path. Its challenge is to boost the structural transformation of its economy driven by new growth drivers capable of sustaining an economic acceleration, lifting labor productivity and creating quality jobs for its young labor force, including women. While Benin's economy has been spared by the worse of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) crisis, the shock has reinforced the need to focus on structural reforms that address long term challenges and ensure that economic recovery is sustainable and inclusive. The key conclusions that underpin this report, following the country economic memorandum (CEM) 2.0 framework suggest that investing further in human capital and closing gender gaps, particularly to accelerate the decline in fertility rates, and integrate women and youth into a higher quality labor market, should be central. Deepening market integration, connecting people and creating agglomeration economies through transport infrastructure and services should catalyze additional opportunities, taking advantage of Benin's geographical position
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Education ; Education Finance ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Primary Education
    Abstract: The Results in Education for All Children (REACH) Trust Fund supports and disseminates research on the impact of results-based financing on learning outcomes. This study evaluates how the use of incentives impacted the production, procurement, and utilization of supplementary reading materials in lower primary grades in Nepal. The EVIDENCE series highlights REACH grants around the world to provide empirical evidence and operational lessons helpful in the design and implementation of successful performance-based programs
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure Finance
    Abstract: This report provides a region-wide analysis on the status of the digital economy in South Asia. It identifies opportunities and challenges for national and regional action to realize the transformational potential of digitalizing economies, societies, and governments. The report synthesizes and builds upon country assessments produced for Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It follows the World Bank's digital economy assessment framework, covering different dimensions of the digital economy from digital infrastructure and public platforms to digital financial services, skills, and the trust environment. It also discusses the opportunities and benefits of regional integration and collaboration. First and foremost, enabling access to high-quality affordable broadband, and increasing its adoption, will yield substantial social and economic benefits. These benefits include better access to information, education, and training, greater administrative efficiency in public services, and improved economic growth and productivity. There are currently significant gaps in connectivity access and usage within and across South Asian countries. While most countries have closed the gaps in mobile network coverage, fixed broadband coverage remains a challenge. The usage gap (represented by the number of people living within range of a mobile network but not using the Internet) remains the region's biggest challenge, and is driven by gaps in digital literacy, gaps in affordability for the poorest quintiles, and a lack of relevant content and applications. While there is significant diversity across South Asia, countries in the region might consider adopting a twin-track approach as follows: a) implement policies to enhance competition and attract private sector investment for the upgrade and roll out digital infrastructure, especially for fixed fiber networks that connect users over the middle and last miles, and b) invest heavily in demand-side policies and programs to enhance digital skills and increase affordability, especially for the poorest in the region
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Keywords: Climate Change and Environment ; Climate Change and Health ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Environment ; Gender ; Inequality ; Poverty Reduction ; Science and Technology Development ; Science of Climate Change
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access of Poor to Social Services ; Access To Education ; Access to Finance ; Access to Markets ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Inequality ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The Southern African Customs Union (SACU) is the most unequal region in the world. While there has been some progress in recent years, inequality has remained almost stagnant in the most unequal countries. Using an innovative framework, this report provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of inequality in the region. The main conclusions are as follows: first, inherited circumstances over which an individual has little or no control (i.e., inequality of opportunity) drive overall inequality, and their contribution has increased in recent years. This is an important concern particularly because this type of inequality is not the result of people's efforts. Second, lack of access to jobs and means of production (education, skills, land, among others) by disadvantaged populations slows progress towards a more equitable income distribution. In a context where jobs are scarce, having post-secondary or tertiary education is key to both accessing jobs, and obtaining better wages once employed. Third, fiscal policy helps reduce inequality through the use of targeted transfers, social spending, and progressive taxation, but results are below expectation given the level of spending. Fourth, vulnerability to climate risks and economic shocks makes any gains towards a more equal society fragile. Looking ahead, accelerating inequality reduction will require concerted action in three policy areas: (a) expanding coverage and quality of education, health, and basic services across subregions and disadvantaged populations to reduce inequality of opportunity; (b) strengthening access to and availability of private sector jobs. It is important to accompany structural reforms with measures that facilitate entrepreneurship and skills acquisition of disadvantaged populations, and to improve land distribution and productivity in rural areas; and (c) investing in adaptive social protection systems to increase resilience to climate risks and economic vulnerability, while enhancing targeting of safety net programs for more efficient use of fiscal resources
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access of Poor To Social Services ; Education ; Income ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Nationalities and Ethnic Groups ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: The Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project (DRDIP) is a World Bank-supported regional program in the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Uganda, Djibouti, and Kenya), which aims to improve access to social services, expand economic opportunities, and enhance environmental management for host and forcibly displaced communities. It was initiated in 2016 for a five-year period with hundred million US dollars total funding for Ethiopia provided by the government of Ethiopia and the World Bank. For Phase II, DRDIP aims to improve and strengthen the nonfarm livelihood interventions, focusing on women and youth. This study assesses the activities implemented under DRDIP's nonfarm livelihood subcomponent and provides an analysis of the nonfarm economy in Ethiopia's refugee-hosting areas to shape future DRDIP interventions. Promising nonfarm livelihood options for refugee and host communities, particularly women and youth, are identified. The study findings offer actionable recommendations with clearly identified entry points for increasing the effectiveness and impact of DRDIP's nonfarm livelihood activities on the targeted refugees and host communities
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Country Population Profiles ; Demographics ; Education ; Educational Populations ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Population and Development
    Abstract: How much talent is lost in Brazil because of unideal education and health conditions The Brazil Human Capital Review is part of the Human Capital Project, a global initiative of the World Bank Group that aims to raise attention on the importance of investing in people. Its focus relies on the conditions hindering children to flourish their potential labor productivity in Brazil. As a first step, this report proposes the Human Capital Index (HCI) to estimate the expected productivity of a child born today by the age of 18 when education and health conditions remain unaltered. Or simply, the HCI estimates the productivity level of the next generation of works. The results are alarming. How can Brazil recover from a decade lost in terms of human capital formation Mitigating the effects of the pandemic should be a priority. In the short-term, recommendations include: (a) adapt and strengthen policies already in place that have proven effects on human capital; (b) use the national conditional cash transfer program to support those more heavily affected by the pandemic; and (c) set as utmost priority a learning recovery and acceleration plan for the coming years
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Economic Development ; Education ; Governance ; Human Capital ; Human Rights ; Indigenous Communities ; Inequality ; Law and Development ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Colombia has long held great promise. The World Bank's 1950 report on Colombia, the institution's first ever study on a developing country, declared, "The potentialities for development in the future are great." The country boasts a vibrant culture, rich natural resources, and resilient people. Despite its great potential, the country's development has been disappointing. As recently as the early 1980s, Colombia's income per capita was similar to that of Chile, Malaysia, Poland, and the Republic of Korea (Figure 1). Subsequent growth in those countries has exceeded Colombia's, and the Republic of Korea is now four times richer in per capita terms than Colombia. Three interlocking long-run constraints have held Colombia back. The first is violence, which has claimed the lives of one million Colombians since 1948. The second is inequity rooted in the nation's history-the Currie Report highlighted 70 years ago that "a wide disparity in levels of income exists between a small wealthy group and the great mass of the population." The third is institutions that have favored the interests of an elite over inclusive growth
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Armed Conflict ; Child Labor ; Conflict and Development ; Education ; Labor Market ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development
    Abstract: Now moving into its twelfth year, the conflict in Syria has inflicted a devastating impact on the inhabitants and the economy. Beyond the immediate impact of the conflict, the economy suffers from the compounding effects of the pandemic, adverse weather events, regional fragility, and macroeconomic instability. Economic conditions in Syria are projected to continue to be mired by prolonged armed conflict, turmoil in Lebanon and Turkey, COVID-19, and the war in Ukraine. The conflict in Syria has substantially impacted human lives and dramatically affected the demographic structure of its population. This demographic impact coupled with deteriorating economic conditions have important implications for the labor market, with potential long-lasting repercussions on Syria
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Mental Health ; Teacher Training
    Abstract: LAC has endured one of the longest spells of school closures. The region was hit disproportionately hard in health, economic, and educational terms. In the region, an entire generation of students - approximately 170 million - were fully deprived of in-person education for roughly 1 out of 2 effective school days to date. The effects of the pandemic on the education sector of the region have been severe. The incipient recovery must focus on returning to schooling and, especially, recovering and accelerating learning. In a nutshell, this agenda entails the urgent and comprehensive implementation of four commitments: (i) A commitment to place the education recovery at the top of the public agenda; (ii) A commitment to reintegrate all the children that abandoned school and ensure they stay in it; (iii) A commitment to recover lost learning and ensure the socio-emotional well-being of children; (iv) A commitment to value, support and train teachers
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Keywords: Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Monitoring and Evaluation
    Abstract: Ratings for the Early Childhood Development Project are as follows: Outcome was moderately unsatisfactory, Bank performance was moderately unsatisfactory, and Quality of monitoring and evaluation was modest. This assessment offers the following lessons: (1) Collaboration, strong national ownership of the NSP, and financial support are requisite conditions but do not ensure performance and outcomes because the World Bank must also provide rigor and candor in its dialogue and advice. (ii) Country teams need to share and archive lessons and implementation knowledge, including Global Practice knowledge, across projects. (iii) The institutional arrangements for cross-sectoral or cross-ministerial action and coordination are less likely to succeed when authority is centered in one of the involved ministers or ministries. (iv) Intersectoral coordination may more likely be sustained with "light mechanisms" and financial resources that empower ministries and national agencies to focus on achieving a convergence of common policies, actions, and results
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Education ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Education Reform ; Educational Institutions and Facilities
    Abstract: To explore how countries have progressed in learning recovery and longer-term education transformation, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Bank have conducted the fourth round of the Survey on National Education Responses to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) school closures (joint survey', with responses from Ministries of Education in 93 countries. While the first three rounds of the survey were implemented in relatively rapid succession during the periods May to June 2020, July to October 2020, and February to June 2021, respectively, the fourth round was implemented more than one year after the last data collection during the period April to July 2022, when almost all schools had re-opened and policymakers were beginning to reflect on responses going forward in the post-pandemic normalization period. Findings from the joint survey are supplemented by data from the global education recovery tracker (GERT) survey, administered with 166 World Bank and UNICEF country offices between May to July 2022. This report includes the main findings from the surveys, which are analyzed and presented along the lines of the five RAPID key policy actions. Furthermore, each of these analyses is complemented by a discourse of the policy implications and related measures required for longer-term education transformation to address the longstanding systemic bottlenecks, ensure future system sustainability, and achieve national, regional, and global goals, including sustainable development goal 4 on education
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Literacy ; Primary Education
    Abstract: The Early Grade Reading Rainbow is a simple way to understand the key messages from the science of reading. Each rainbow color represents one of eight key skills students need to master to become independent readers. This guide presents the basic elements of an approach to decreasing learning poverty through planning for a program of reading instruction aligned with the science of reading. Each page deals with a single element of the program: it starts with understanding the key findings of the science of reading and then proposes how these can be instantiated in a multi-year series composed of daily lesson plans, each building on the previous one. It also proposes that teacher guidance and support be provided, and that instruction and materials be in the language students best speak and understand. It further proposes that teaching and learning materials be made available to each child, that assessments be aligned with the progression of subskills that are the focus of instruction, and that these materials be adapted to the local linguistic and cultural context
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Digital Divide ; Education ; Gender ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Monitoring and Evaluation ; Women
    Abstract: Across Africa, rising mobile phone penetration, improving broadband Internet, and growing use of mobile money are creating new opportunities for governments, businesses, and individuals. While Africa's digital revolution has been impressive, the continent has further to go to close gender digital divide. Four hundred million women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain unconnected. The COVID-19 pandemic has further disproportionately impacted women's livelihoods and further exacerbated the digital gender divide. Digital technologies can and have played a key role in mitigating the economic effects of the crisis. This inequality is exacerbated in communities affected by fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV), where women often face greater safety and security concerns, significant mobility constraints, and restrictive sociocultural norms. This report provides practical recommendations for designing and implementing digital literacy training programs aimed at closing the gender digital divide. The World Bank, in partnership with the EQUALS Global Coalition and the GSM Association, piloted the implementation of digital skills programs across Uganda, Nigeria, and Rwanda. The report draws on insights from these three training pilots. Through a case study analysis, the report highlights the unique approach to training design, delivery, monitoring, and evaluation which were adopted by each pilot, and presents respective outcomes and lessons learned. After reviewing pilot findings through case study analysis, the report provides operational recommendations on designing and implementing gender-inclusive digital literacy program
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Education ; Governance ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; International Governmental Organizations ; National Governance ; Partnerships ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Participation in Infrastructure ; Public Sector Development ; Public Sector Management and Reform
    Abstract: Iraq is at a crossroads. The Iraqi government struggles to navigate internal as well as regional security challenges. Despite the current uncertain circumstances, the Country Partnership Framework (CPF) provides a suitable country engagement instrument to support Iraq's progress and builds off of longstanding World Bank Group (WBG) engagement and partnership with Iraq, including in the period since the last CPF and Performance Learning Review (PLR). This CPF is organized under two pillars and supported by foundational elements - (i) improved governance, public service delivery, and private sector participation, and (ii) strengthened human capital
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Economic Memorandum
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Education ; Education Finance ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Labor Market ; Labor Mobility ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: This joint Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) and Public Expenditure Review (PER) aims to support the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (GoRMI) to identify a prioritized and sequenced set of reforms to drive increased economic growth, resilience, and fiscal sustainability. The study has two objectives. First, to improve understanding of the challenges, opportunities, and risks to achieving sustainable economic growth and job creation in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). Second, to improve the management of public resources to support long-term economic development, fiscal sustainability, and service delivery. The assessment aims to balance the need for reform to drive higher prosperity and resilience with GoRMI's limited capacity to design and implement reforms and provide public goods and services. The reform priorities identified are also consistent with the RMI's National Strategic Plan 2020-30, which articulates the nation's vision to build a resilient, productive, and self-supportive RMI. This Executive Summary is structured in three sections. The first section provides a brief background to RMI and the structure of the economy. The second section summarizes the key issues and challenges to achieving GoRMI's long-term development objectives under five themes: (i) the management of public finances; (ii) public service delivery; (iii) the fisheries sector; (iv) the labor market and labor mobility; and (v) disaster resilience and climate change. The final section outlines key recommendations under the same five themes
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Education ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Educational Sciences ; Monitoring and Evaluation ; Teacher Training
    Abstract: This study includes three main sections that have been organized in a chronological order within this report: the first one, "What can we learn from education emergency responses in low- and middle-income countries?" analyzes the emergency education responses to the COVID-19 pandemic of over 120 governments from April until May, 2020. The second section, "Is remote learning perceived as effective? An in-depth analysis across five countries" discusses the main national education responses deployed by Brazil, Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Peru, as well as the perceived effectiveness of these strategies conducted from May until August, 2020. The third section, "What works with remote and remedial strategies? an analysis across 13 countries" builds on key lessons learned during the analysis of the five multi-country experiences and presents global trends of remote learning implemented during school closures and the actions governments adopted to get ready for remedial learning, conducted from August until December 2020. The countries prioritized for the third section are IDA borrowing countries of which six are low-income countries
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Education Sector Review
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Education ; Education Reform ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Labor Market ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Human capital development is imperative to achieve sustainable economic growth in Iraq. At the heart of Iraq's human capital crisis is a learning crisis, which is exacerbated by effects of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis on education service delivery. The low levels of human capital development, coupled with limited opportunities to gain job-relevant skills, have translated into worsening economic and social outcomes. To overcome these sources of fragility and spur sustainable human capital driven economic growth, change can only be brought about through a comprehensive reform agenda that addresses the inefficiencies in the education sector and promotes a renewed focus on learning. This Iraq education reform note proposes actionable reforms for key education sector inputs to lead to better learning and skills development
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Education ; Education For All ; Educational Populations ; Law and Development ; Legal Aspects of Project Finance
    Abstract: This guidance note is intended to assist task teams in applying the Education Global Practice's Criteria for Disability-Inclusive Investment Project Financing (IPF) in Education. Its goal is to help teams understand how to make projects disability-inclusive and what needs to be included in an IPF project's documentation so that the project can be coded by the Education Global Practice as meeting the criteria. The note includes answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs) and relevant samples from real project documents (lightly edited for clarity)
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Education ; Educational Populations ; Employment and Unemployment ; Food Security ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Labor Market ; Nutrition ; Rural Development ; Rural Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: To continue monitoring how the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the welfare of households in the region, the World Bank and UNDP have joined forces in the implementation of a second phase of High-Frequency Phone Surveys (HFPS) in Latin America and the Caribbean. The survey, collected between May and July 2021, takes the socio-economic pulse of households and measures the wellbeing of the region a year and a half into the pandemic. This note presents the emerging results in the areas of labor markets, income and food security, education, gender, health, and access to digital and banking services
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Education ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Development ; Public Sector Management and Reform
    Abstract: The world of tomorrow will be driven by digital transformation across sectors and industries, and the global coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is accelerating this process. Digital technology is already playing an important role in the West Bank and Gaza (WB and G), and development of the digital economy is among the national priorities. This report aims to assess the state of digital economy development in WB and G, identify opportunities for further growth, and inform reforms and donor support programs in WB and G. The report provides a comprehensive overview of digital economy development in WB and G across the five foundational pillars - digital infrastructure, digital platforms, digital financial services, digital businesses, and digital skills. The report is based on several fact-finding missions, structured interviews, surveys, focus group discussions, and analysis of secondary data. The findings show that despite recent progress, the potential of the digital economy in WB and G is not fully exploited. Accelerating digital transformation and building a well-connected Palestinian economy will entail strengthening both analog and non-analog foundations. Three key areas that require the immediate attention of Palestinian policy makers are: (1) improving the digital infrastructure, (2) updating the legal and regulatory framework, and (3) ensuring institutional coordination and resource mobilization
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Education ; Education Finance ; Education Reform ; Educational Attainment ; Inequality ; Primary Education
    Abstract: Good education for all is the key to a better long-term future for the Sahel region. Education improves employability and incomes, narrows gender gaps, lifts families out of poverty, strengthens institutions, and yields benefits that echo to the next generation. The good news is that the region has taken the important first steps toward building this future. Many more children have been able to access education over the past 15 years: enrollment in the region has nearly doubled in primary education and tripled in secondary education. And governments have launched numerous initiatives and announced high-level commitments in support of education. Still, many children remain out of school, and those who are in school learn far less than they should. Of the region's primary-school-age children, 40 percent are out of school. Furthermore, the region's learning poverty rate is 88 per-cent-meaning that only 12 percent of children are enrolled in school and able to read and comprehend an age-appropriate passage by late primary age. Access is lower at other levels of education: enrollment is below 56 percent in lower secondary throughout the Sahel G5 and between 2 and 10 percent in pre-primary and tertiary. All these contributing factors result in low education attainment in the Sahel region and therefore low productivity. In Niger, for example, 72 percent of current working-age adults have no education at all. In every Sahel country, fewer than 50 percent of adult females are literate, compared with 59 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa as a whole and 80 percent in low- and middle-in-come countries. This figure drops to 23 percent for females living in the Sahel rural areas. Even among the youngest segment of the labor force-youth aged 15-24, reading and writing performance in the Sahel is relatively low, with literacy rates ranging from 45 to 66 percent, while the average in Sub-Saharan Africa is 77 percent. Additionally, the poorest children and youth, and those affected by conflict, who most need a good education to have a chance in life, suffer the most from failings in education access and quality. The upper secondary enrollment rate is only 5 percent for the poorest rural girls, versus 100 percent for urban boys in the wealthiest quintile
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Education ; Inequality ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Sector Development ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This World Bank Group Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) 2021 Update presents a diagnostic of Bangladesh's growth and poverty reduction since the previous diagnostic in 2015. It identifies emerging opportunities and challenges for the next decade as the country recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic, graduates from least-developed-country (LDC) status, and aspires to become an upper middle-income country (UMIC) by 2031. This SCD Update identifies four frontier challenges that, if tackled properly, can enable the country to accelerate its transition. This SCD Update identifies eight priorities to tackle these four frontier challenges
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Keywords: Education ; Education Sector Strategy and Lending ; Electric Power ; Electricity ; Employment ; Energy ; Environment ; Environment and Energy Efficiency ; Human Capital ; Job Creation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Investment ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Women's Empowerment
    Abstract: Sao Tome and Principe (STP), a small island nation of 215,000 people in the Gulf of Guinea off the coast of Central Africa, is in many ways a country of great untapped wealth. One of Africa's least known countries, its striking volcanic landscape is home to virgin rainforests with rich biodiversity, while its large exclusive economic zone (EEZ), approximately 160 times larger than the archipelago, is a marine biodiversity hotspot and supports high numbers of species unique to the area. It has among the lowest violence and crime rates in Africa and has had peaceful elections and transitions of power since becoming a multiparty democracy in 1991, making it an outlier in the region. It also has a young population, half of which is under 18 years of age, raising the prospect of a demographic dividend to be tapped in the years ahead. Its economy has grown steadily over the past two decades, outpacing its high population growth. This growth reflects strong inflows of overseas development aid (ODA) and revenues from oil exploration that have enabled the government to expand public investments, particularly in infrastructure, social protection, health, and education. This has enabled STP to bridge the gap caused by years of underinvestment in local human and physical capital, a legacy of the country's colonial past (its first secondary school was established only in 1952). This growth model has not been able to spark the fundamental changes needed for the economy to generate resilient poverty reduction and shared prosperity. Few jobs are being created, and indicators and consultations with civil society reveal a broad sense of social exclusion even as the economy has grown. This model is not sustainable.A new growth model is needed, one that will be able to provide more opportunities for its growing population. In the context of STP, a small nation with low capacity facing increasing vulnerabilities and in need of a new growth model, it is important to think strategically to identify an effective way forward. To this end, this Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) identifies the most critical vulnerabilities and constraints facing the country and, from these, a set of actionable priorities that will contribute to reducing poverty while promoting sustainable growth and shared prosperity
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Education ; Education Finance ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: This Public Expenditure Review is focused on the quality and sustainability of public spending. The key objective of this Public Expenditure Review (PER) is to assess the quality of public spending, by evaluating its efficiency and effectiveness, while also delving into sustainability considerations, by gauging domestic revenue mobilization and the fiscal implications of current spending levels. This work aims to strengthen the evidence base for decision-making on public expenditure and revenue management. Its scope does not include a strong focus on equity, owing to the lack of a recent household survey, the last survey of livings standards was conducted in 2014. Nonetheless, equity dimensions are considered whenever possible and relevant evidence is mentioned. Overall, the analysis underscores the need for prioritizing and improving the quality of public investments, rationalizing undue recurrent spending and enhancing revenue collection
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Access To Health Services ; Education ; Gender ; Labor Markets ; Law and Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Violence Against Women
    Abstract: This report provides an up-to-date, holistic reference on the state of women in Lebanon against the broader perspective of general development outcomes while taking into consideration the multiple crises the country is facing. The report presents a data-driven analysis of three key dimensions of gender equality: economic opportunities (including livelihoods), human capital accumulation and agency, and includes a discussion of contextual factors related to institutions and the market underpinning all three dimensions. Specific challenges that refugee women and girls face are also covered and, where data is available and relevant, the report discusses the impacts of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. Based on the thorough assessment, three priority areas for action to address gender gaps and promote women's empowerment are identified: i) policies and programs: supporting policies and programs that boost women's employment and entrepreneurship towards a more equal 'future of work' economy, ii) collaboration: engaging with a diverse set of actors to capitalize on momentum for change towards gender equality, and iii) knowledge: unpacking data to strengthen the impacts of reforms and service delivery benefits to women
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Education ; Labor Market ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education
    Abstract: The Philippines increasingly emphasizes lifelong learning and skills mobility for labor productivity as an integral part of the country's growth strategy. The Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 presents a series of activities to improve labor productivity through human capital investment. Investment in this area is critical given that the country's growth has benefited from a steady structural transformation shifting resources from low- to high-productivity of remittances from Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs). Aside from improvements in basic education requirements, an important milestone in the country's skills development came with the introduction of the national qualifications system known as the Philippine Qualifications Framework (PQF). To ensure that the PQF remains responsive to the skills demand and needs of the international and domestic labor markets and fully achieves its mandate, the PQF Act requires regular reviews and updates of the framework. This PQF review, the first of its kind, aims to assess various aspects of the framework. The remainder of this report consists of four sections. Section 2 provides a brief country background of the Philippines to put the discussions into context. Section 3 presents findings from the PQF review concerning the PQF's design, implementation, and utilization. Section 4 presents policy recommendations and discussions, and Section 5 concludes
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disability ; Distance Learning ; Education ; Education For All ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: At the onset of the coron ...
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Education ; Lifelong Learning ; Social Inclusion ; Tertiary Education
    Abstract: Over the last sixty years, Ireland has experienced profound economic, social, technological, occupational, cultural, and demographic changes. It has emerged from the most recent economic crisis stronger than ever and remains committed to its vision of a nation of people armed with the relevant knowledge, entrepreneurial agility, and analytical skills to support economic and social prosperity and to enhance the well-being of the country. Education has been at the heart of this transformation and has been a central component of Ireland's human capital development. Ireland's journey towards prosperity has not been without challenges, and some of these are acknowledged in this case study. The first part of the case study looks at the story of Ireland's remarkable economic and social transformations since the 1960s, with a focus on the contribution made by education. The opening section sets the context and notes a number of macroeconomic features that have contributed to the creation, maintenance, and development of a business environment that establishes Ireland as a cost-effective and attractive place to live and work The second section charts the story of education success in Ireland
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Education ; Educational Institutions and Facilities
    Abstract: This report presents the findings from the second phase of the Research for Results (R4R) program. The R4R program is a partnership between the Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MEHE), the World Bank, the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, and the United States Agency for International Aid (USAID). The R4R's primary objective is to generate quantitative evidence on student and teacher performance, school environment and management, and qualitative evidence related to vulnerable youth at risk of dropping out. This evidence-based analysis is supported by policy recommendations and are featured in the new Government five-year general education strategy (2021-2025)
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Adolescent Health ; Cash Transfers ; Economics of Education ; Education ; Educational Attainment ; Empowerment ; Fertility ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Gender and Social Policy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Marriage ; Poverty ; Reproductive Health ; Social Norms
    Abstract: Adolescent girls are viewed as a key demographic group to target for successfully breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty in developing countries. Unfortunately, for many teenage girls in developing countries, adolescence entails a fleeting transition from childhood to adulthood, when they are expected to behave as adults even though they are not biologically, cognitively, or emotionally ready to assume adult responsibilities. This report summarizes the state of the evidence and provides policy guidance on interventions that have sought to: (1) increase educational attainment; (2) delay childbearing; and/or (3) delay marriage for adolescent girls in developing countries. The focus is on these three outcomes because it is believed that altering these outcomes can have lasting effects on an individual's well-being as well as the well-being of others, for example an individual's (future) children. Despite these outcomes having long-lasting effects on lifetime well-being, they can be readily measured in the short-medium term, making it easier for researchers to analyze the impacts of different interventions on them
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Inequality ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Part 1 addresses why we should care about LoI (Language of Instruction) issues and the major challenges involved. Its four sections are entitled: (i) why should we care (ii) how big is the problem (iii) the role of political economy; and (iv) diverse LoI contexts. Part 2 presents existing solutions (in section 5) and proposes a detailed way forward for the WB Education Global Practice (section 6). It should be noted that the paper does not claim to possess or propose a complete set of technical solutions for the myriad of difficult policy issues involved. By enhancing engagement and devoting adequate resources to the problem, existing solutions will be deployed, and new solutions devised. Increased partnership and knowledge sharing will be part of this, as will be the testing of innovative approaches. The new approach will involve learning at the individual and institutional level, with an intensity of engagement commensurate with the urgency of the issue
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Gender ; Social Assessment ; Social Development ; Teacher Training
    Abstract: This report presents detailed findings of a teacher performance study in Lebanon, one of four studies carried out under the Research for Results (R4R) program, a partnership between the Lebanese Ministry of Education and Higher Education and Development Partners. The objective of the research for results (R4R) initiative is to carry out a comprehensive review of education service delivery in Lebanon and recommend effective policy measures to improve the quality of teaching and, ultimately, student learning outcomes. As Lebanon continues to suffer from challenges in education from past and recent crises studying and measuring the quality of teaching instruction can be used as a guide for school leadership programs, teacher professional development trainings - including new curriculum design and effective lesson preparation. Designing policies that strengthen teaching practices is a crucial step in improving education quality for all in Lebanon. This report focuses on assessing teachers' instructional quality in teaching Arabic language, foreign language (English or French), and Mathematics (English or French), comprising 707 teachers in a total of 146 schools from a nationally representative sample across Lebanon in grades 4 and 7, in public (morning and afternoon shifts), free private and fee-based private schools, using the CLASS observation tool
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Education ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Tertiary Education
    Abstract: The Government of Cote d'Ivoire considers information and communications technology (ICTs) as a key instrument for national development. Youth education and training are high priorities for Cote d'Ivoire. Through its national development plan Cote d'Ivoire aspires to become an ICT leader in the region. Access to quality higher education is considered a primary vehicle to equip the population with the necessary skills to promote the social and economic development of Cote d'Ivoire. As part of the digital economy for Africa (DE4A) initiative, the World Bank commissioned a feasibility study to develop an operational roadmap to connect all African higher education institutions (HEIs) to high-speed Internet. The initiative, in support of the African union digital transformation strategy for Africa (2020-2030), aims to digitally enable every African individual, business, and government by 2030. This report provides a detailed country-level assessment to connect all HEIs in Cote d'Ivoire to high-speed Internet as part of the feasibility study. Chapter one gives introduction. The report provides a country overview in chapter two to provide the national context. The connectivity gap has both a supply-side and a demand-side: chapter three explores the demand-side, focusing on ICT in the education sector and the challenges impacting the use of information and communication technologies for teaching, learning, and research - creating the pull factors; and chapter four examines the supply-side, the ICT sector's key components and the challenges affecting high-speed connectivity. Chapter five presents a high-level summary of the Reseau Ivoirien de Telecommunication pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche (RITER), the Ivorian research and education network. Drawing on findings from the earlier chapters, chapter six discusses the cost of connecting all HEIs in Cote d'Ivoire to high-speed Internet. The conclusion is given in chapter seven, followed by the appendices
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Education ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education
    Abstract: Like many European countries, Bulgaria's workforce is facing dynamic developments influenced by negative demographic trends, seasonal and long-term migration of the population both in the country and abroad, imbalanced economic development of the Bulgarian regions, learning opportunities in the country and abroad, and diverse economic developments between the sectors of the economy. This context is strongly influencing the education sector with an aging workforce and shrinking student population
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9783319313702
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Mathematics Education
    Note: English
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9783319422671
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Education ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: Mathematics Education; Learning; Teaching
    Note: English
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rotterdam : SensePublishers
    ISBN: 9789462099982
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 242 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Practice of Research Method
    Series Statement: Educational Research E-Books Online, Collection 2005-2017, ISBN: 9789004394001
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rigorous Data Analysis: Beyond ""Anything Goes""
    Keywords: Research Methodology ; Education ; Education ; Qualitative Sozialforschung ; Forschungsmethode
    Abstract: Preliminary Material -- Exergue -- Introduction -- Rigor in Qualitative Data Analysis -- Five Data Sessions -- Data Session 1 (Heidi) /David Suzuki -- Data Session 2 (Vicky) -- Data Session 3 (Bullrush) -- Data Session 4 (Mikäela) -- Data Session 5 (Kiana) -- Rigor and the Pragmatics of Relations -- Turn Sequences -- Knowledge-Power and Institutional Relations -- On the Shop Floor and Playing Field -- The Documentary Method of Interpretation -- Getting Time Back into the Analysis -- Epilogue -- Socially Responsible Data Analysis -- Appendix A: Transcriptions for Part B -- Appendix B: Transcription Conventions -- References -- Index.
    Abstract: In qualitative research, one can often hear the statement that research results are just (social) constructions. In criminal cases and in court hearings, we tend to expect that the true sequence of events has to be found rather than just any story. Here the author shows that qualitative social research can be conducted in the manner of police work or court proceedings. He does so by exhibiting how short pieces of transcriptions can be approached to uncover who, when, where, and how participated, what kind of social situation produced the transcription, and so on without any background knowledge other than that talk itself. Commenting on transcriptions of a researcher in the course of doing rigorous data analysis, readers learn doing ethnographically adequate accounts and critical institutional ethnography “at the elbow” of an experienced practitioners. Further topics include the role of turn sequences, the ethnomethods of knowledge-power and institutional relations, the documentary method of interpretation, and time-sensitive social analysis
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789400770096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 454 p. 149 illus., 106 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Science Study and teaching ; Education ; Education ; Mathematics ; Science Study and teaching
    Abstract: This book deals with uncertainty and graphing in scientific discovery work from a social practice perspective. It is based on a 5-year ethnographic study in an advanced experimental biology laboratory. The book shows how, in discovery work where scientists do not initially know what to make of graphs, there is a great deal of uncertainty and scientists struggle in trying to make sense of what to make of graphs. Contrary to the belief that scientists have no problem “interpreting” graphs, the chapters in this book make clear that uncertainty about their research object is tied to uncertainty of the graphs. It may take scientists several years of struggle in their workplace before they find out just what their graphs are evidence of. Graphs turn out to stand to the entire research in a part/whole relation, where scientists not only need to be highly familiar with the context from which their data are extracted but also with the entire process by means of which the natural world comes to be transformed and represented in the graph. This has considerable implications for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education at the secondary and tertiary level, as well as in vocational training. This book discusses and elaborates these implications
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefacePART A: INTRODUCTION -- 1. Toward a Dynamic Theory of Graphing -- PART B: GRAPHING IN A DISCOVERY SCIENCE -- 2. Radical Uncertainty in/of the Discovery Sciences -- 3. Uncertainties in/of Data Generation -- 4. Coping with Variability -- 5. Undoing Decontextualization -- 6. On Contradictions in Data Interpretation -- 7. A Scientific Revolution that Was Not -- 8. Some Lessons from Discovery Science -- PART C: RETHEORIZING GRAPHING -- 9. Graphing*-in-the-Making -- 10. Graphing in, for, and as Societal Relation -- PART D: UNCERTAINTY AND GRAPHING IN STEM EDUCATION -- 11. Uncertainty, Inquiry, Bricolage.-12. Data and Graphing in STEM Education -- PART D: EPILOGUE -- 13. Discovery Science and Authentic Learning -- Appendix -- References -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rotterdam : SensePublishers
    ISBN: 9789462092518
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 223 p, digital)
    Series Statement: New Directions in Mathematics and Science Education 1
    Series Statement: Educational Research E-Books Online, Collection 2005-2017, ISBN: 9789004394001
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als On Meaning and Mental Representation: A Pragmatic Approach
    Keywords: Science Study and teaching ; Mathematics Study and teaching ; Education ; Education
    Abstract: Preliminary Material -- Frontispiece -- Language, «meaning», «mental representation», and «conceptions» in STEM research -- «Meaning» in science education -- Hunting the elusive tiger -- «Meaning» and the subject -- Culturing «conceptions» -- The language of real life and the real life of language -- The documentary method: a solution to the problem of «meaning» -- The documentary method and «mental representation» -- Epilogue -- Appendix -- References -- Index.
    Abstract: This book is about language in STEM research and about how it is thought about: as something that somehow refers to something else not directly accessible, often «meaning», «mental representation», or «conception». Using the analyses of real data and analyses of the way certain concepts are used in the scientific literature, such as “meaning,” this book reframes the discussion about «meaning», «mental representation», and «conceptions» consistent with the pragmatic approaches that we have become familiar with through the works of K. Marx, L. S. Vygotsky, M. M. Bakhtin, V. N. Vološinov, L. Wittgenstein, F. Mikhailov, R. Rorty, and J. Derrida, to name but a few. All of these scholars, in one or another way, articulate a critique of a view of language that has been developed in a metaphysical approach from Plato through Kant and modern constructivism; this view of language, which already for Wittgenstein was an outmoded view in the middle of the last century, continuous to be alive today and dominating the way language is thought about and theorized
    Description / Table of Contents: FrontispieceLanguage "meaning", "mental representation", and "conceptions" in STEM research"Meaning" in science educationHunting the elusive tiger"Meaning" and the subjectCulturing "conception"The language of real life and the real life of languageThe documentary methodThe documentary method and "mental representation"Epilogue.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rotterdam : SensePublishers
    ISBN: 9789462092549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 180 p, digital)
    Series Statement: New Directions in Mathematics and Science Education 1
    Series Statement: Educational Research E-Books Online, Collection 2005-2017, ISBN: 9789004394001
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als What More in/for Science Education: An Ethnomethodological Perspective
    Keywords: Science Study and teaching ; Education ; Education
    Abstract: Preliminary Material -- Epigraph -- Ethnomethodology in/for Science Education -- Glosses and Glossing Practices -- The Work of Doing a Change of Plans -- Endogenous Production of Order in Science Lessons -- In the Midst of the Thickets -- Knowledge and (Institutional) Power -- The Actor’s Point of View -- Planned, Enacted, & Living Science Curriculum -- So What (More) Is in It for Science Education? -- Appendix A: Transcription Conventions -- Appendix B: Transcripts -- References -- Index.
    Abstract: What more is there in and for science education to do in terms of researching science lessons? A lot, the author suggests, if research turns away from studying science education extracting social facts using special methods, which journal articles require to state, to studying the work and methods by means of which participants themselves create their structured world of science lessons. This book presents, with concrete materials from an inquiry-oriented physics course, a way of doing science education research that radically differs from existing approaches. This book articulates this approach for a science education audience, where this approach is by and large unknown, and where the primary literature is often experienced as impenetrable and as requiring years of work to gain entry. Consistent with this different approach, those materials are used that constitute the way in which the reflexive production of social order is observed by the actors (teachers, students) themselves
    Description / Table of Contents: EpigraphEthnomethodology in/for Science EducationGlosses and Glossing PracticesThe Work of Doing a Change of PlansEndogenous Production of Order in Science LessonsIn the Midst of the ThicketsKnowledge and (Institutional) PowerThe Actor's Point of ViewPlanned, Enacted, & Living Science CurriculumSo What (More) Is in It for Science Education?
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789400751866
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 221 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Cultural Studies of Science Education 6
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science Study and teaching ; Early childhood education ; Education ; Education ; Science Study and teaching ; Early childhood education
    Abstract: Children’s learning and understanding of science during their pre-school years has been a neglected topic in the education literature-something this volume aims to redress. Paradigmatic notions of science education, with their focus on biologically governed development and age-specific accession to scientific concepts, have perpetuated this state of affairs. This book offers a very different perspective, however. It has its roots in the work of cultural-historical activity theorists, who, since Vygotsky, have assumed that any higher cognitive function existed in and as a social relation first. Accepting this precept removes any lower limit we may deem appropriate on children’s cognitive engagement with science-related concepts.The authors describe and analyze the ways in which children aged from one to five grapple with scientific concepts, and also suggest ways in which pre-service and in-service teachers can be prepared to teach in ways that support children’s development in cultural and historical contexts. In doing so, the book affirms the value of cultural-historical activity theory as an appropriate framework for analyzing preschool children’s participation in science learning experiences, and shows that that the theory provides an appropriate framework for understanding learning, as well as for planning and conducting training for pre-school teachers
    Description / Table of Contents: Science Education during Early Childhood; Foreword; Contents; Chapter 1: Learning , Development , and Cultural-Historical Activity Theory; Science Education and Cognitive Development; Activity; Category and Real Conditions; Activity, Actions, and Operations; Inner Contradictions and Dialectical Categories; Activity as Dialectical Category; Plan for the Remainder of This Book; Part I: The Origins of Higher Psychological Functions; Chapter 2: The Origins of Reading: Science Texts; Anthropology and Cognitive Development; Learning to Read Science Texts; Joint Attention
    Description / Table of Contents: Getting the Orientation RightFinding the Object of Attention; Naming Colors; Founding the Reading|Text Dialectic; Chapter 3: The Genesis of Conceptual Categories; Of Categories; Of Color Categories : Culture and Schooling; The Social Origin of Color Matching; Repair and the Zone of Proximal Development; Getting|Taking Turns; Social Relations and Games; Part II: Rethinking Young Children's Engagement in Science; Transforming Early Childhood Education Through Research: Practice Partnerships; The Concept; The Project; Chapter 4: Engaging Children in Collective Curriculum Design
    Description / Table of Contents: Dialectical Unit of Agency and StructureThe Circle: Places and Spaces for Designing Science Curriculum; Emergence of a Focal Artifact; Emergence of a New Order; Participative Thinking; Touching and Being Touched by Children's Words; Toward a Dialectical Conception of Participation; Chapter 5: Margin|Center; Participation in Kindergarten Classrooms; Learning in and Through Participation; From Internalization to Participation; Dialectic Unity of Margin and Center; Margin and Center; Centered in the Margin; Contradictions in the Margin|Center Unit Mean Change; Creating a New Center
    Description / Table of Contents: End of Class or Beginning of New Forms of Participation?Dialectic of Participation; Theorizing the Heraclitean Flux of Classroom Life; Chapter 6: Darkness|Light; Was It a Bad Day?; Darkness and Light; Groping in the Dark?; Stepping into the Light?; Agency , Participation, and Learning; Coda; Part III: Teacher Preparation and Curriculum Development; Chapter 7: Creating the Potential for Learning in Early Childhood Education; A Look at the Teachers' Practices; Classroom Dynamics; On the Dialectic of Planning|Enacting
    Description / Table of Contents: Community of Learning Supports Argumentation
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- 1. Learning, Development, and Cultural-Historical Activity Theory -- PART I: THE BEGINNINGS OF HIGHER ORDER PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS -- 2. The Origins of Reading - Science Texts -- 3. The Genesis of Conceptual Categories -- PART II: RETHINKING YOUNG CHILDREN’S ENGAGEMENT IN SCIENCE -- 4. Engaging Children in Collective Curriculum Design -- 5. Margin|Center -- 6. Darkness|Light -- PART III: TEACHER PREPARATION AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT -- 7. Creating the Potential for Learning in Early Childhood Education -- 8. Preparing Teachers for Early Childhood Science Teaching -- 9. Magnifying Effects with LIGHT -- Epilogue --   10. Valuing Children’s Early Science Experiences -- References -- Index.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rotterdam : Imprint: SensePublishers
    ISBN: 9789460918315
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Practice of Research Method 3
    Series Statement: Educational Research E-Books Online, Collection 2005-2017, ISBN: 9789004394001
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als First-Person Methods: Toward an Empirical Phenomenology of Experience
    Keywords: Experience Psychological aspects ; First person narrative Research ; Phenomenology Research ; Education ; Education
    Abstract: Preliminary Material -- Epigraph -- Towards a Rigorous Praxis of First-Person Method -- On Vision and Seeing -- On Tact and Touching -- Hearing and Listening -- Tasting and Smelling -- Memory -- On Becoming Significant -- On Being and Presence -- Crises and Suffering as Sources of Learning -- Thinking and Speaking -- Problem Solving -- Work, Primary Experiences, and Accounts -- Reading -- Writing Your Research -- Appendix -- References -- Index.
    Abstract: In the history of psychology, first-person methods, such as introspection, have come into disrepute in favor of the experimental approach. Yet the results of first-person research—such as the famous studies provided by Maurice Merleau-Ponty in his Phenomenology of Perception—have indeed produced knowledge subsequently ascertained by neuroscientific research. The purpose of this book is to assist readers in developing first-person methods as a rigorous approach. It is designed to assist researchers in the field of education to develop their competencies in the first-person approach. Concrete examples, descriptions, precepts, and possible findings are provided to guide readers in their inquiries. Surrounding the inquiries, reflective commentaries assist readers to become reflexively aware of what they are doing and thereby come to bring into discourse the methods they have used. That is, readers are assisted in developing research praxis by experiencing first-person methods first hand and then to become reflexively aware of the method as method
    Description / Table of Contents: First-Person Methods; Contents; Preface; Epigraph; 1 Towards a Rigorous Praxis of First-Person Method; I ON SENSING AND SENSE; 2 On Vision and Seeing; Fundamentals of Visual Perception; The Perception of Depth; An Experiment in Original, Everyday Perception; Iterating Firstand Third-Person Perspectives; Conclusion; 3 On Tact and Touching; Investigating Tact; Interlacement; Interlacement Allows Awakening to Life; Conclusion; 4 Hearing and Listening; A Special Relation to Hearing; Deficit: Perspectives; Cross-Modality; New Opportunities for Hearing; Hearing and Listening in Transcribing
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding HearingTroubled Hearing; Timbre; Conclusion; 5 Tasting and Smelling; A Tasting Excursion, an Excursion of Taste; An Experiment in Olfaction; Coda; II MUNDANE EXPERIENCES; 6 Memory; Recognizing Something Forgotten; Memory in Context; Memory in the Hand; Specters; Forgetting and Moira; Presence and the Presence of the Present; Shortcomings of Hermeneutic Phenomenology; The Folly of Metacognition; 7 On Becoming Significant; The Story of the Flat Tire; From First-Person Method to Third-Person Method; Coda; 8 On Being and Presence; Being Absorbed; Being and Being
    Description / Table of Contents: From Being (Presence) to Being (Representation)9 Crises and Suffering as Sources of Learning; Pathos, Empathy, and Sympathy; Understanding Agency | Passivity; Coda; 10 Thinking and Speaking; Finding Thought in Speech; Passivity in Speech; The Absolutely New is Actually Shared; Conclusion; III EKSTATIC KNOWING & LEARNING; 11 Problem Solving; School Mathematics 'Problems; On Hospitals and Birth of Boys; Mathematics is a Sweet Fruit . . .; Everyday Settings; Conclusion; 12 Work, Primary Experiences, and Accounts; Confusing Experiences and Accounts Thereof
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigating the Living-Lived Work of Geometrical ProvingThe Proof Account; The Living-Lived Work of Mathematical Seeing in Proving; Of Perceptual Work and Accounts of Perception; Coda; 13 Reading; First-Person Approach to the Work of Reading; How Reading Bootstraps Itself; Reading Hyperlinks for a Newsworthy Story; Cultural Resources of/for Reading; Geography and Cartography of Online Texts; Topology and Features; Recurrences and Linkages; Reading Online Science News: A Practical Demonstration; Subtitles; Image/Caption Ensembles; Body of the Text
    Description / Table of Contents: Online News Media: Opportunities for Rethinking Scientific Literacy Interest, and ScienceIV FROM RESEARCH TO PUBLICATION; 14 Writing Your Research; Writing to Learn; Researching and Reporting Using First-Person Method; Appendix; References; Index;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789460919213 , 1283945630 , 9781283945639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 323 p, digital)
    Series Statement: New Directions in Mathematics and Science Education 24
    Series Statement: Educational Research E-Books Online, Collection 2005-2017, ISBN: 9789004394001
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Alternative Forms of Knowing (in) Mathematics: Celebrations of Diversity of Mathematical Practices
    DDC: 510.71
    Keywords: Mathematics Social aspects ; Mathematics Study and teaching ; Multicultural education ; Education ; Education
    Abstract: Preliminary Material /Swapna Mukhopadhyay and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Celebrating Diversity, Realizing Alternatives /Brian Greer , Swapna Mukhopadhyay and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Mathematics and Politics of Knowledge /Swapna Mukhopadhyay and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Mathematics and Accounting in the Andes before and after the Spanish Conquest /Gary Urton -- Contemporary Indigenous Education /Gregory Cajete -- Crisis as a Discursive Frame in Mathematics Education Research and Reform /Delaina Washington , Zayoni Torres , Maisie Gholson and Danny Bernard Martin -- Whose Language is it? /Marta Civil and Núria Planas -- Ethnomathematics /Swapna Mukhopadhyay and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Consulting the Divine /John Kellermeier -- Map-Making in São Paulo, Southern Brazil /Mariana Leal Ferreira -- Developing an Alternative Learning Trajectory for Rational Number Reasoning, Geometry, and Measuring based on Indigenous Knowledge /Jerry Lipka , Monica Wong , Dora Andrew-Ihrke and Evelyn Yanez -- In Seeking a Holistic Tool for Ethnomathematics /Daniel Clark Orey and Milton Rosa -- From Ethnomathematics to Ethnocomputing /Bill Babbitt , Dan Lyles and Ron Eglash -- Learning to See Mathematically /Swapna Mukhopadhyay and Wolff-Michael Roth -- The Work of Seeing Mathematically /Wolff-Michael Roth -- Running the Numbers /Chris Jordan -- To Know How to See /Frank Swetz -- Mathematics Education for Social Justice /Swapna Mukhopadhyay and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Quantitative Form in Argument /Marilyn Frankenstein -- Connecting Community, Critical, and Classical Knowledge in Teaching Mathematics for Social Justice /Eric Gutstein -- Epilogue /Swapna Mukhopadhyay , Wolff-Michael Roth and Brian Greer.
    Abstract: This book grew out of a public lecture series, Alternative forms of knowledge construction in mathematics, conceived and organized by the first editor, and held annually at Portland State University from 2006. Starting from the position that mathematics is a human construction, implying that it cannot be separated from its historical, cultural, social, and political contexts, the purpose of these lectures was to provide a public intellectual space to interrogate conceptions of mathematics and mathematics education, particularly by looking at mathematical practices that are not considered relevant to mainstream mathematics education. One of the main thrusts was to contemplate the fundamental question of whose mathematics is to be valorized in a multicultural world, a world in which, as Paolo Freire said, “The intellectual activity of those without power is always characterized as non-intellectual”. To date, nineteen scholars (including the second editor) have participated in the series. All of the lectures have been streamed for global dissemination at: http: //www. media. pdx. edu/dlcmedia/events/AFK/ Most of the speakers contributed a chapter to this book, based either on their original talk or on a related topic
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. I. Mathematics and politics of knowledge -- pt. II. Ethnomathematics -- pt. III. Learning to see mathematically -- pt. IV. Mathematics education for social justice.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V
    ISBN: 9789400719088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 280p, digital)
    Series Statement: Classics in Science Education 3
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Keywords: Science Study and teaching ; Educational psychology ; Education ; Education ; Science Study and teaching ; Education Philosophy ; Educational psychology
    Abstract: This book argues that the 'constructivist metaphor' has become a self-appointed overriding concept that suppresses other modes of thinking about knowing and learning science. Yet there are questions about knowledge that constructivism cannot properly answer, such as how a cognitive structure can intentionally develop a formation that is more complex than itself; how a learner can aim at a learning objective that is, by definition, itself unknown; how we learn through pain, suffering, love or passion; and the role emotion and crises play in knowing and learning. In support of this hypothesis, r
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. A. Introduction/deconstructing -- pt. B. Passivity, uncertainty, undecidability -- pt. C. Otherness -- pt. D. Passion -- pt. E. Epiologue.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rotterdam : SensePublishers
    ISBN: 9789460915673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 183p, digital)
    Series Statement: New Directions in Mathematics and Science Education 22
    Series Statement: Educational Research E-Books Online, Collection 2005-2017, ISBN: 9789004394001
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Keywords: Education ; Mathematics Study and teaching ; Knowledge, Theory of ; Science Study and teaching ; Educational psychology ; Education ; Educational psychology
    Abstract: Preliminary Material /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Toward a Theory of the Body in Scientific and Mathematical Cognition /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- From the Sense of the Body to the Body of Sense /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Mathematics in the Flesh /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Lectures as Corporeal Performances /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- The Role of the Body in Sense Making /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Literacy as Bodily Performance /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- The Body in/of Mathematical Concepts /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Mathematical Inscriptions and Cultural Development /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Heterogeneous Performances and Linguistic Hybridity /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- The Body in a Strange World /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Learning – from the Perspective of the Unknown /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- The Body in/of Research Ethics /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Knowing in the Flesh /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- References /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- Index /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth -- About the Authors /Sung Won Hwang and Wolff-Michael Roth.
    Abstract: This book is about the sensuous, living body without which individual knowing and learning is impossible. It is the interface between the individual and culture. Recent scholarship has moved from investigated knowing and learning as something in the mind or brain to understanding these phenomena in terms of the body (embodiment literature) or culture (social constructivism). These two literatures have expanded the understanding of cognition to include the role of the body in shaping the mind and to recognize the tight relation between mind and culture. However, there are numerous problems arising from ways in which the body and culture are thought in these separate research domains. In this book, the authors present an interdisciplinary, scientific initiative that brings together the concerns for body and for culture to develop a single theory of cognition centered on the living and lived body. This book thereby contributes to bridging the gap that currently exists between theory (knowing that) and praxis (knowing how) that is apparent in the existing science and mathematics education literatures
    Description / Table of Contents: Scientific & Mathematical Bodies; CONTENTS; PREFACE; INTRODUCTION: TOWARD A THEORY OF THE BODY IN SCIENTIFIC AND MATHEMATICAL COGNITION; MIND IN CULTURE = CULTURE IN MIND; BODY IN MIND = MIND IN BODY; BODY | MIND | CULTURE; OVERVIEW OF THE CHAPTERS; ISSUES OF METHOD; PART A: FROM THE SENSE OF THE BODY TO THE BODY OF SENSE; CHAPTER 1: MATHEMATICS IN THE FLESH; INTRODUCTION; FROM WORDS TO THE LIVING BODY; The Living Body as Expression; Concept Development at Three Levels; SENSE EXPERIENCE AND MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTIONS; Episode 1.1; Description; Analysis
    Description / Table of Contents: TOWARD A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO VERBAL THINKINGCHAPTER 2: LECTURES AS CORPOREAL PERFORMANCES; INTRODUCTION; CONCEPTS - PERFORMANCES IN AND ACROSS FIELDS; Physics Concepts Take Place in Different Fields of Communication; Transcript 2.1; Physics Concepts are Marked by the Heterogeneous Organization of Different Communicative Fields; Transcript 2.2; TEACHING AND LEARNING CONCEPTS IN PHYSICS LECTURES; Learning in and through Lectures: a Chain of Translation; FROM CORPOREAL PERFORMANCES TO PARTICIPATIVE (UNINDIFFERENT) UNDERSTANDING; PART B: THE ROLE OF THE BODY IN SENSE MAKING
    Description / Table of Contents: CHAPTER 3: LITERACY AS BODILY PERFORMANCETHE PROBLEM OF LITERACY; A GENETIC AND HOLISTIC APPROACH TO LITERACY; Human-Computer Interaction and Sense making; MAKING A COMPUTER INTERFACE WORK: LITERACY AS LIVING LABOR; Episode 3.1; Episode 3.2 (Continuing from Episode 3.1); EMPOWERING SENSE MAKING; CHAPTER 4: THE BODY IN/OF MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS; DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTS: THE BODY AS A MEDIATING HUB; Between World and Communication; Transcript 4.1; Description; Analysis; Discussion; REALIZING NEW PARTICIPATIVE (UNINDIFFERENT) UNDERSTANDING; Transcript 4.2; Description; Analysis; Discussion
    Description / Table of Contents: IRREDUCIBILITY OF PARTICIPATIVE (UNINDIFFERENT) UNDERSTANDINGCHAPTER 5: MATHEMATICAL INSCRIPTIONS AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT; PROBLEM OF REPRESENTATION; THE LIVING BODY AS CULTURAL SIGNIFICATION; Episode 5.1; Description; Analysis; Discussion; TALKING INSCRIPTIONS AND THE INSCRIPTION OF CULTURE; CHAPTER 6: HETEROGENEOUS PERFORMANCES AND LINGUISTIC HYBRIDITY; BEYOND THE DICHOTOMY OF LANGUAGE; HETEROGENEOUS LANGUAGE AND CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT; Transcript 6.1; Description; Analysis; HYBRIDITY AND HETEROGENEITY; PART C: THE BODY IN A STRANGE WORLD
    Description / Table of Contents: CHAPTER 7: LEARNING - FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE UNKNOWNOTHERNESS REVEALS THE FOREIGN/STRANGE; Episode 7.1; TOWARD A PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE FOREIGN/STRANGE; The Living Body Responds in Pathos; The Living Body Empathizes in Pathos; The Living Body as the Place of Solidary Translation; EXTENSION: PHENOMENOLOGY OF CONVERSATION; Episode 7.2 (opening episode expanded); ETHICAL PRINCIPLES FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION IN AN ERA OF GLOBALIZATION; CHAPTER 8: THE BODY IN/OF RESEARCH ETHICS; ETHICS FOR RESEARCH ON LEARNING; ETHICS AT ISSUE; A Moment in Research on Learning Physics; Episode 8.1; Description
    Description / Table of Contents: SungWon's Narrative
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789460915642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 184p, digital)
    Series Statement: Semiotic Perspectives on the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics Series 2
    Series Statement: Semiotic Perspectives in the Teaching and Learning of Math Series 2
    Series Statement: Educational Research E-Books Online, Collection 2005-2017, ISBN: 9789004394001
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    DDC: 510.71
    Keywords: Education ; Learning, Psychology of ; Mathematics Study and teaching (Elementary) ; Educational psychology ; Education ; Educational psychology
    Abstract: Preliminary Material -- Toward a Science of the Subject -- Reproduction and Transformation of Affect in Activity -- Learning as Objectification -- Developmental Possibilities in/from Activity -- Re/Thinking the Zone of Proximal Development -- The Dual Nature of the Object/Motive -- From Subjectification to Personality -- Toward A Cultural-Historical Science of Mathematical Learning -- Appendix -- References -- Index.
    Abstract: Eighty years ago, L. S. Vygotsky complained that psychology was misled in studying thought independent of emotion. This situation has not significantly changed, as most learning scientists continue to study cognition independent of emotion. In this book, the authors use cultural-historical activity theory as a perspective to investigate cognition, emotion, learning, and teaching in mathematics. Drawing on data from a longitudinal research program about the teaching and learning of algebra in elementary schools, Roth and Radford show (a) how emotions are reproduced and transformed in and through activity and (b) that in assessments of students about their progress in the activity, cognitive and emotional dimensions cannot be separated. Three features are salient in the analyses: (a) the irreducible connection between emotion and cognition mediates teacher-student interactions; (b) the zone of proximal development is itself a historical and cultural emergent product of joint teacher-students activity; and (c) as an outcome of joint activity, the object/motive of activity emerges as the real outcome of the learning activity. The authors use these results to propose (a) a different conceptualization of the zone of proximal development, (b) activity theory as an alternative to learning as individual/social construction, and (c) a way of understanding the material/ideal nature of objects in activity
    Description / Table of Contents: A Cultural-Historical Perspective on Mathematics Teaching and Learning; Contents; Preface; 1 Toward a Science of the Subject; Activity; Levels of Activity; The Material Plane: A Subject Perspective on Human Activity; Subject; Object/Motive and Motivation; The Ideal Plane: Reflecting Concrete Reality; Consciousness; Emotion; Contradictions; Analysis of Activity; 2 Reproduction and Transformation of Affect in Activity; How Activity Produces Negative Emotional Valence and Expressions of Not Understanding; 'Now I Understand. You got it Wrong'; Fragment 2.1
    Description / Table of Contents: 'What are You Doing. . . I Don't Understand. And I Will Never UnderstandFragment 2.2; 'This is Dumb. I Don't Understand'; Fragment 2.3; The Relation of Emotion, Cognition, and Practical Activity; 3 Learning as Objectification; Creating Action Possibilities; 'Okay. . . What Did You Have to Do?': Attempting to Get Unstuck; Fragment 3.1a; Fragment 3.1; 'Let's Re-Read the Problem': A Second Attempt at Getting Unstuck; Fragment 3.2a; Fragment 3.2b; Fragment 3.3a; Fragment 3.3b; Fragment 3.4; We are Going - But Where?; 4 Developmental Possibilities in/from Activity
    Description / Table of Contents: Emergence of a Developmental ZoneFragment 4.1; 'You Don't Understand. This is What I Try to Help You Understand': A First Objectification; Fragment 4.2a; Fragment 4.2b; Toward Independent Acting - A Second Objectification; Fragment 4.3a; Fragment 4.3b; Social Relations, Obuchenie, and Developmental Possibilities; 5 Re/Thinking the Zone of Proximal Development; Toward an Alternative; Re/Thinking ZPD (Symmetrically); Fragment 5.1 (excerpted from Fragment 4.2b); The Subject's Perspective on Learning; 6 The Dual Nature of the Object/Motive; Emergence of the Object/Motive
    Description / Table of Contents: Fragment 6.1 (Excerpted from Fragment 4.3b)Mathematical Consciousness as the Reflection of Concrete Mathematical Activity; Mathematics Classroom as a Microcosm of Society; Fragment 6.2 (from Fragment 2.3); 7 From Subjectification to Personality; Subject in/as Societal Relation; Fragment 7.1 (excerpted from Fragment 4.2a); Subjectification and Self-Movement; Fragment 7.2 (excerpted from Fragment 4.2b); Personality - A 'Knot-Work' of Object/Motives; 8 Toward A Cultural-Historical Science of Mathematical Learning; Consciousness is Collective; Understanding and Analyzing Activity
    Description / Table of Contents: Fragment 8.1 (Excerpted from Fragment 4.3a)The Person's Perspective; Fragment 8.2 (excerpted from Fragment 4.2b); Dialectic of Boundaries and Continuities; Coda; Appendix; Institutional Context; Participants; Curriculum, Lesson, Task; Collection of Data Sources, Transcription, Production of Data; Transcription Conventions; Lesson Transcript - French; Lesson Transcript - English; References; Index
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V
    ISBN: 9789048139965
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 381p, digital)
    Series Statement: Cultural Studies of Science Education 2
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Keywords: Science Study and teaching ; Educational psychology ; Education ; Education ; Educational psychology ; Science Study and teaching
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9781402033766
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 26
    DDC: 371.3
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Science Study and teaching ; Unterricht ; Sachverhalt ; Veranschaulichung
    Abstract: This book explores reading and interpretation practices related to visual materials - here referred to as inscriptions - that accompany texts. Guiding questions include: 'What practices are required for reading inscriptions?' and 'Do textbooks allow students to develop graphicacy skill required to critically read scientific texts?' The book reveals what it takes to interpret, read, and understand visual materials, and what it takes to engage inscriptions in a critical way.
    Abstract: School science is dominated by textbook-oriented approaches to teaching and learning. Some surveys reveal that students have to read, depending on academic level, between ten and thirty-six pages per week from their textbook. One therefore has to ask, To what degree do textbooks introduce students to the literary practices of their domain? Few studies have addressed the quality of science curriculum materials, particularly textbooks, from a critical perspective. In this light, we are concerned in this book with better understanding the reading and interpretation practices related to visual materials - here referred to as inscriptions - that accompany texts. Our overarching questions included: What practices are required for reading inscriptions? and Do textbooks allow students to develop levels of graphicacy required to critically read scientific texts? Some of the more specific questions included: What are the practices of relating inscriptions, captions, and main text?, and What practices are required to read inscriptions in school textbooks? That is, we are interested not only in understanding what it takes to interpret, read, and understand visual materials (i.e., inscriptions), but also in understanding what it takes to engage inscriptions in a critical way. It is only when citizens can critically engage with language (texts, speech) and inscriptions that they become knowledgeable users of television, newspapers, and magazines, who can choose or leave aside particular expressions as part of the particular politics that they participate in.
    Description / Table of Contents: Toward a critical graphicacy; The work of reading graphs; Graphicacy and context; Photographs in biology texts; Graphicacy in lectures; Interpretive graphicacy in practice; Layered inscriptions: what does it take to get their point?; Semiotics of chemical inscriptions; Reading layered, dynamic inscriptions; Epilogue: steps toward critical graphicacy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 273-277) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401155625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 3
    Series Statement: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Semantics ; Science Study and teaching ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Sociolinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Science—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: The book employs a rich set of theoretical frames to yield a panorama of research findings having potential interest for educational researchers, policy makers, teacher educators and K-12 teachers. Roth's ideal science classrooms feature creative and inquisitive students working together to solve problems that interest them. More learning occurs at centers of high pupil density and students who participate most in on-task activities are not necessarily those who contribute or learn most. Roth identifies weaknesses of assessment based on products only and highlights the advantages of using videotapes as sources for assessment. Roth shows that student learning is not only a result of individual sense-making efforts but involves interactions between living and artifactual components of a community of participants. `This book promises to be a turning point for science educators involved in social constructivist reform; they will be challenged to reconsider the gloss that they have painted over the social dimension of knowledge construction.' Peter C. Taylor, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789401104951
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p. 15 illus) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 1
    Series Statement: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Study and teaching ; Science—Study and teaching. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: According to John Dewey, Seymour Papert, Donald Schon, and Allan Collins, school activities, to be authentic, need to share key features with those worlds about which they teach. This book documents learning and teaching in open-inquiry learning environments, designed with the precepts of these educational thinkers in mind. The book is thus a first-hand report of knowing and learning by individuals and groups in complex open-inquiry learning environments in science. As such, it contributes to the emerging literature in this field. Secondly, it exemplifies research methods for studying such complex learning environments. The reader is thus encouraged not only to take the research findings as such, but to reflect on the process of arriving at these findings. Finally, the book is also an example of knowledge constructed by a teacher-researcher, and thus a model for teacher-researcher activity
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