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  • Undetermined  (5)
  • Portuguese  (1)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9781464809217
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (208 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Human Development
    Series Statement: Directions in Development - Human Development
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Financial protection ; Health financing ; Health systems ; Universal health coverage ; Equity
    Abstract: Nas ultimas tres decadas, muitos paises da America Latina e Caribe reconheceram a saude como um direito humano. Desde o inicio dos anos 2000, 46 milhoes de pessoas nos paises estudados recebem cobertura de programas de saude com direitos explicitos a atendimento. Essas reformas foram acompanhadas por um aumento do gasto publico com saude, financiado em grande medida pelas receitas gerais que priorizam ou visam explicitamente a populacao que nao tem capacidade de pagamento. O compromisso politico em geral se traduziu em orcamentos maiores e na aprovacao de legislacao que insula recursos para a saude. Muitos paises priorizaram o atendimento de saude primaria com boa relacao de custo-beneficio e adotaram metodos de pagamento que incentivam a eficiencia e a prestacao de contas por resultados, proporcionando as autoridades do setor de saude mais poder para induzir os prestadores a cumprirem as prioridades de saude publica. Apesar do progresso, ainda persistem disparidades no financiamento e na prestacao de servicos de qualidade entre os subsistemas de saude. Cumprir o compromisso da cobertura universal de saude exigira esforcos concertados para melhorar a geracao de receitas de formal fiscalmente sustentavel e aumentar a produtividade em termos de despesas. Em Rumo a uma Cobertura Universal de Saude e Equidade na America Latina e Caribe: Evidencia de Paises Selecionados, os autores mostram que a evidencia da analise de 54 pesquisas domiciliares corrobora que os investimentos para ampliar a cobertura de saude estao gerando resultados. Embora os pobres ainda apresentem resultados de saude piores que os riscos, as disparidades diminuiram consideravelmente - em particular nos estagios iniciais da vida. Os paises alcancaram altos niveis de cobertura e equidade na utilizacao de servicos de saude materna e infantil. O quadro tem mais nuancas e nao e tao positivo quando se trata da situacao de saude dos adultos e da prevalencia de doencas e condicoes cronicas de saude. A cobertura para doencas nao transmissiveis nao e alta e continua a pender mais para os mais abastados. A prevalencia de doencas nao transmissiveis nao ocorreu como esperado, tendo em vista a queda na mortalidade; o melhor acesso a servicos de diagnosticos entre as pessoas mais riscas pode estar mascarando mudancas na prevalencia efetiva. Gastos catastroficos com saude cairam na maior parte dos paises. No entanto, o quadro com respeito a equidade e mais misto e indica limitacoes na medicao. Embora a taxa de empobrecimento em razao de gastos com saude seja baixa ou em declinio, 2 a 4 milhoes de pessoas nos paises estudados ainda finam abaixo da linha da pobreza em razoes de gastos com saude. Esforcos de monitoramento sistematico da qualidade do atendimento de saude na regiao sao ainda incipientes. No entanto, a analise da literatura revela deficiencias importantes na qualidade da saude, bem como diferencas substanciais entre os subsistemas. Melhorar a qualidade do atendimento e garantir a sustentabilidade dos investimentos em saude continuam a ser itens pendentes da agenda
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Carpena, Fenella The ABCs of Financial Education: Experimental Evidence on Attitudes, Behavior, and Cognitive Biases
    Abstract: This paper uses a large scale field experiment in India to study attitudinal, behavioral, and cognitive constraints that stymie the link between financial education and financial outcomes. The study complements financial education with (i) participant classroom motivation with pay for performance on a knowledge test, (ii) intensity of treatment with personalized financial counseling, and (iii) behavioral nudges with financial goal setting. The analysis finds no impact of pay for performance but significant effects of both counseling and goal setting on real financial outcomes. These results identify important complements to financial education that can bridge the gap between financial knowledge and financial behavior change
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ruiz-Nunez, Fernanda Infrastructure Investment Demands in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies
    Abstract: The authors have assembled 1960-2012 infrastructure stock data from 145 countries to estimate the demand for infrastructure services in emerging markets and developing economies. This paper identifies that the required resource flows to satisfy new demand while maintaining service for existing infrastructure amounts to
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Freire, Tiago Volunteerism after the Tsunami: The Effects of Democratization
    Abstract: Using three waves of survey data from fishing villages in Aceh, Indonesia for 2005-09, the paper examines the determinants of local volunteer labor after the tsunami. Volunteer labor is the village public sector labor force for maintenance, clean-up and renovation of public capital. While also examining the effects on volunteerism of village destruction and trauma, pre-existing social capital, diversity, and aid delivery, the papers focuses on the effects of democratization. The tsunami and massive international aid effort prompted the settlement of the insurgency movement in Aceh, which had led to suspension of local elections over the prior twenty or more years. Until 2006, village heads who call volunteer days were effectively selected by village elites, who may highly value the public facilities maintained by volunteer labor. With elections, volunteer days fall under the new regime, with democratically elected village heads calling fewer volunteer days, which may appeal more to the typical villager. Identification comes from pseudo-randomized differential timing of elections
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Beath, Andrew The National Solidarity Program: Assessing the Effects of Community-Driven Development in Afghanistan
    Abstract: Over the past two decades, community-based approaches to project delivery have become a popular means for governments and development agencies to improve the alignment of projects with the needs of rural communities and increase the participation of villagers in project design and implementation. This paper briefly summarizes the results of an impact evaluation of the National Solidarity Program, a community-driven development program in Afghanistan that created democratically elected community development councils and funded small-scale development projects. Using a randomized controlled trial across 500 villages, the evaluation finds that the National Solidarity Program had a positive effect on access to drinking water and electricity, acceptance of democratic processes, perceptions of economic wellbeing, and attitudes toward women. Effects on perceptions of local and national government performance and material economic outcomes were, however, more limited or short-lived
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Chatterjee, Urmila Job Opportunities along the Rural-Urban Gradation and Female Labor Force Participation in India
    Abstract: The recent decline in India's rural female labor force participation is generally attributed to higher rural incomes in a patriarchal society. Together with the growing share of the urban population, where female participation rates are lower, this alleged income effect does not bode well for the empowerment of women as India develops. This paper argues that a traditional supply-side interpretation is insufficient to account for the decline in female participation rates, and the transformation of the demand for labor at local levels needs to be taken into account as well. A salient trait of this period is the collapse in the number of farming jobs without a parallel emergence of other employment opportunities considered suitable for women. The paper develops a novel approach to capture the structure of employment at the village or town level, and allow for differences along six ranks in the rural-urban gradation. It also considers the possible misclassification of urban areas as rural, as a result of household surveys lagging behind India's rapid urbanization process. The results show that the place of residence along the rural-urban gradation loses relevance as an explanation of female labor force participation once local job opportunities are taken into account. Robustness checks confirm that the main findings hold even when taking into account the possibility of spurious correlation and endogeneity. They also hold under alternative definitions of labor force participation and when sub-samples of women are considered. Simulations suggest that for India to reverse the decline in female labor force participation rates it needs to boost job creation
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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