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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Carpena, Fenella Unpacking the Causal Chain of Financial Literacy
    Abstract: A growing body of literature examines the causal impact of financial literacy on individual, household, and firm level outcomes. This paper unpacks the mechanism of impact by focusing on the first link in the causal chain. Specifically, it studies the experimental impact of financial literacy on three distinct dimensions of financial knowledge. The analysis finds that financial literacy does not immediately enable individuals to discern costs and rewards that require high numeracy skills, but it does significantly improve basic awareness of financial choices and attitudes toward financial decisions. Monetary incentives do not induce better performance, suggesting cognitive constraints rather than lack of attention are a key barrier to improving financial knowledge. These results illuminate the strengths and limitations of financial literacy training, which can inform the design and anticipated effects of such programs
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8877
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bedoya, Guadalupe No Household Left Behind: Afghanistan Targeting the Ultra Poor Impact Evaluation
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The share of people living in extreme poverty fell from 36 percent in 1990 to 10 percent in 2015 but has continued to increase in many fragile and conflict-affected areas where half of the extreme poor are expected to reside by 2030. These areas are also where the least evidence exists on how to tackle poverty. This paper investigates whether the Targeting the Ultra Poor program can lift households out of poverty in a fragile context: Afghanistan. In 80 villages in Balkh province, 1,219 of the poorest households were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group. Women in treatment households received a one-off "big-push" package, including a transfer of livestock assets, cash consumption stipend, skills training, and coaching. One year after the program ended-two years after assets were transferred-significant and large impacts are found across all the primary pre-specified outcomes: consumption, assets, psychological well-being, total time spent working, financial inclusion, and women's empowerment. Per capita consumption increases by 30 percent (USD 24 purchasing power parity, USD 7 nominal per month) with respect to the control group, and the share of households below the national poverty line decreases from 82 percent in the control group to 62 percent in the treatment group. Using modest assumptions about consumption impacts, the intervention has an estimated internal rate of return of 26 percent, excluding non-monetized improvements in psychological well-being, women's empowerment, and children's health and education. These findings suggest that "big-push" interventions can dramatically reduce poverty in fragile and conflict-affected regions
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Carpena, Fenella Liability structure in small-scale finance
    Abstract: Microfinance, the provision of small individual and business loans, has witnessed dramatic growth, reaching over 150 million borrowers worldwide. Much of its success has been attributed to overcoming the challenges of information asymmetries in uncollateralized lending. Yet, very little is known about the optimal contract structure of such loans - there is substantial variation across lenders, even within a particular setting. This paper exploits a plausibly exogenous change in the liability structure offered by a microfinance program in India, which shifted from individual to group liability lending. The analysis finds compelling evidence that contract structure matters: for the same borrower, required monthly loan installments are 6 percent less likely to be missed under the group liability setting, relative to individual liability. In addition, compulsory savings deposits are 19 percent less likely to be missed under group liability contracts
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 p)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Chong, Alberto (Ineffective) Messages to Encourage Recycling
    Abstract: There is growing interest in using messaging to drive prosocial behaviors, which contribute to investment in public goods. The authors worked with a leading nongovernmental organization in Peru to randomize nine different prorecycling messages that were crafted on the basis of best practices, prior evidence, and theories of behavioral change. Different variants emphasized information on environmental or social benefits, social comparisons, social sanctions, authority, and reminders. None of the messages had significant effects on recycling behavior. However, reducing the cost of ongoing participation by providing a recycling bin significantly increased recycling among enrolled households
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Carpena, Fenella The ABCs of Financial Education: Experimental Evidence on Attitudes, Behavior, and Cognitive Biases
    Abstract: This paper uses a large scale field experiment in India to study attitudinal, behavioral, and cognitive constraints that stymie the link between financial education and financial outcomes. The study complements financial education with (i) participant classroom motivation with pay for performance on a knowledge test, (ii) intensity of treatment with personalized financial counseling, and (iii) behavioral nudges with financial goal setting. The analysis finds no impact of pay for performance but significant effects of both counseling and goal setting on real financial outcomes. These results identify important complements to financial education that can bridge the gap between financial knowledge and financial behavior change
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    Los Angeles, Calif. : Western Psychological Services
    Associated volumes
    In:  Diskette
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Diskette , 9 cm
    Edition: Version 1.010
    Angaben zur Quelle: Diskette
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  • 7
    Book
    Book
    Los Angeles, Calif. : Western Psychological Services
    Associated volumes
    In:  Manual
    Language: English
    Pages: 66 S
    Additional Material: graph. Darst. + 77 Beil
    Angaben zur Quelle: Manual
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    ISBN: 9780833033475 , 0833034138 , 0833033476 , 9780833034137
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 307 pages)
    Series Statement: MR/Rand Corporation MR-1657-A
    Parallel Title: Print version U.S. Army and the new national security strategy
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; National security ; World politics 21st century ; National security ; World politics ; World politics ; HISTORY ; Military ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Military policy ; National security ; United States ; United States Military policy ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: How is the U.S. Army changing to fulfill its role in light of the new national security strategy? How must it change further to better accomplish its manifold and varied missions? How did the attacks of September 11, 2001, alter or accelerate the need for change? Is the Army's far-reaching program for change known as the Army Transformation on the right track? Fourteen RAND analysts with broad experience in strategic and Army planning have undertaken to answer these questions. In this book, the authors use nine chapters to examine the Army's role in the offensive war on terrorism; the Army's homeland security needs; the implications for the Army of the increase in emphasis on the Asia-Pacific region; the Army's role in coalition operations; the unfinished business of jointness-the lessons to be learned from recent Army operations and how the Army can better prepare for the future; the Army's deployability, logistical, and personnel challenges; and whether the Army can afford the Transformation as currently envisaged. These chapters are bracketed by a concise introduction, a description of the new national security strategy and the Army's place in it, and a succinct summary of the authors' conclusions. This book is nothing less than a call for the Army to change and a prescription for what needs to be done
    Note: "MR-1657-A"--Page 4 of cover , "Prepared for the United States Army , Includes bibliographical references , ch. 1. Introduction , ch. 2. New national security strategy , ch. 3. U.S. Army and the offensive war on terrorism , ch. 4. Defining the Army's homeland security needs , ch. 5. Shift to Asia, implications for U.S. land power , ch. 6. Preparing for coalition operations , ch. 7. Transformation and the unfinished business of jointness, lessons for the Army from the Persian Gulf, Kosovo, and Afghanistan , ch. 8. Preparing the Army for joint operations , ch. 9. Moving rapidly to the fight , ch. 10. Taking care of people, the future of Army personnel , ch. 11. Making the power projection Army a reality , ch. 12. Resourcing the twenty-first century Army , ch. 13. Refining Army transformation
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 9
    ISBN: 0435823825 , 0435823833
    Language: English
    Pages: VIII, 356 S
    Uniform Title: Erkenntnis und Interesse 〈engl.〉
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9780833029546 , 0833032461 , 0833029541 , 9780833032461
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxviii, 481 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Strategic appraisal
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Astronautics, Military ; World politics 21st century ; Air power ; Astronautics, Military ; World politics ; Air power ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; United States ; Air power ; Astronautics, Military ; World politics ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Change--in international relations, in technology, and in society as a whole--has become the idiom of our age. One example of these changes has been an increasing recognition of the value of air and space assets for handling nearly every contingency from disaster relief to war and, consequently, increasing demand for such assets. These developments have created both challenges and opportunities for the U.S. Air Force. This, the fourth volume in the Strategic Appraisal series, draws on the expertise of researchers from across RAND to explore both the challenges and opportunities that the U.S. Air Force faces as it strives to support the nation's interests in a challenging technological and security environment. Contributors examine the changing roles of air and space forces in U.S. national security strategy, the implications of new systems and technologies for military operations, and the role of nuclear weapons in U.S. security strategy. Contributors also discuss the status of major modernization efforts within the Air Force, and the "bill of health" of the Air Force, as measured by its readiness to undertake its missions both today and in the future
    Note: "Prepared for the United States Air Force , "MR-1314-AF , Includes bibliographical references , Title from first screen of 495 in PDF file (viewed Oct. 22, 2003) , Introduction: The Price of Success , Forces for What? Geopolitical Context and Air Force Capabilities , The Future of U.S. Coercive Airpower , Modernizing the Combat Forces: Near-Term Options , Space Challenges , U.S. Military Opportunities: Information-Warfare Concepts of Operation , Nuclear Weapons and U.S. National Security Strategy for a New Century , Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction and Ballistic Missiles , Providing Adequate Access for Expeditionary Aerospace Forces , A Vision for an Evolving Agile Combat Support System , Strategic Sourcing in the Air Force , Ready for War but Not for Peace: The Apparent Paradox of Military Preparedness
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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