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  • English  (157)
  • 2000-2004  (157)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (157)
  • Leiden : Brill
  • Science and Technology  (157)
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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (157)
  • Leiden : Brill
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Challenges and Risks of Genetically Engineered Organisms (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108783
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: Biological Resource Management in Agriculture
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 631.5
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book discusses the often diverging risks and opportunities associated with genetically engineered organisms in terms of the environment, food safety, and economics and trade. These issues were raised at the OECD Workshop on Challenges and Risks of GMOs - What Risk Analysis is Appropriate? Options for Future Policy Making Towards Integrated Agro-Food Systems, held in Maastricht, Netherlands, in July 2003. Discussions also covered the relevant WTO Agreements and their relationship with other multilateral accords as well as regional and national approaches.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108783-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Patents, Innovation and Economic Performance : OECD Conference Proceedings (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015272
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338/.064
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This publication presents a collection of the policy-oriented empirical studies and stakeholders' views designed to show how patent regimes can contribute more efficiently to innovation and economic performance. Topics covered include the links between patents and economic performance, changes in patent regimes, patents and entrepreneurship, patents and diffusion of technology, IPR for software and technology, and current and future policy challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015272-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Security Economy (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107748
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie de la sécurité
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: With the market for security goods and services having expanded rapidly since 9/11, this study examines the potential costs of major disruptions, the trade-offs between tighter security and economic efficiency, and the implications of tighter security for privacy and other democratic liberties.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107748-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of Third-Generation Mobile Services in the OECD (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.85
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper analyses the development of third-generation mobile services (3G) in OECD countries. A brief description of the definition of 3G and its migration path is followed by an analysis of the benefits and shortcomings of 3G services. The paper further examines regulatory issues raised by 3G development and recent market developments including pricing issues. Finally, the paper undertakes a comparative analysis of 3G with wireless LANs and other alternative wireless technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/232562017400
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Generic Top Level Domain Names : Market Development and Allocation Issues (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.84
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Domain Name System’s need to have unique identifiers, and a consequent need for there to be a single registry for each name, means that any registry can exercise a degree of monopoly power over the domain for which it has responsibility.
    DOI: 10.1787/232630011251
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Peer to Peer Networks in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.82
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The number of people logged on simultaneously to popular file sharing networks approached close to 10 million in April 2004, a rise of 30% from the same period a year earlier, according to this new OECD report.
    DOI: 10.1787/232717003357
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Business Dynamics, Regulation and Performance (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Building on an earlier study of patterns on firm entry, exit growth and survival based on new data from Eurostat covering nine European Union member countries (Brandt, 2004), this paper takes a closer look at the role of policies and institutions for firm entry and survival and at the link between new firm creation and economic performance. The earlier study revealed that firm entry rates, i.e. the number of new firms in a market in relation to all active enterprises, were particularly high in Information and Communication (ICT) related industries in recent years. This lends some support to the idea present in some theories of economic growth that new firms are important for the development and implementation of new technologies. This paper takes a closer look at the relationship between firm entry and economic performance. Results reveals that high rates of firm entry tend to coincide with rapid productivity, output and employment growth, especially in the ICT related services ...
    DOI: 10.1787/573033480640
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Migration of Highly Skilled Indians: Case Studies of IT and the Health Professionals (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper describes the results of two specific primary surveys, one of IT professionals in the city of Bangalore and their role in making the city a corridor for international mobility of Indian professionals, and the second survey of health professionals (doctors and nurses) in the city of New Delhi. In these surveys, highly skilled Indians were asked about their motivations for emigrating, their experiences abroad, their reasons for coming back to India and their perception of their current situation. These surveys were carried out as a supplement to a study on estimating the stocks, flows and international mobility of human resources in science and technology (HRST) in India. The results of that work are reported in STI Working Paper 2004/7 (Khadria 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/381236020703
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Science and Technology Statistical Compendium 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compendium statistique 2004 de la science et de la technologie
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The S&T Statistical Compendium 2004 was prepared for the January 2004 meeting of the Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP) at Ministerial level and mainly draws on databases, indicators and methodology developed by the CSTP’s Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI) Working Party, and compiled by the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI). It presents a wide selection of the most policy-relevant and internationally comparable indicators currently available in the field of science and technology. The document looks at the state of science and technology in the OECD across four broad dimensions:• Section A: Innovation and R&D.• Section B: Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRST).• Section C: Patents.• Section D: Other areas (ICT, globalisation, industrial structure).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026186-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Economic Impact of ICT : Measurement, Evidence and Implications (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The economic impact of ICT
    DDC: 658.4038
    RVK:
    QC 344
    RVK:
    QR 760
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Produktivität ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung ; OECD ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung
    Abstract: Information and communications technology (ICT) has become a key driver of economic growth over the past decade. The rapid diffusion of the Internet, of mobile telephony and of broadband networks all demonstrate how pervasive this technology has become. But how precisely does ICT affect economic growth and the efficiency of firms? And how well can these effects be measured? This report provides an overview of the economic impact of ICT on economic performance, and the ways through which it can be measured. Using available OECD data, the first part of the book examines the available measures of ICT diffusion, the role and impact of ICT investment and the role of ICT-using and ICT-producing sectors in overall economic performance. The second part of the book offers nine studies for OECD countries, based on detailed firm-level data and prepared by researchers and statisticians from a wide range of OECD countries. These studies use a variety of methods and provide detailed insights on the effects of ICT in individual countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026780-en
    URL: Volltext
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    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Klappentext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
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    Human Resources in Science and Technology in India and the International Mobility of Highly Skilled Indians (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/07
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; India
    Abstract: This paper provides estimates of the stocks and flows of human resources in science and technology (HRST) in India, and their breakdown by education and occupation. Furthermore, the paper provides estimates of the number of highly skilled people moving to India and out of India during the 1990s, mainly to the United States. This part of the study also includes a brief, critical overview of Indian concerns on policy matters pertaining to various forms of migration of highly skilled professionals. Regarding the stocks of highly skilled people in India, the paper estimates that in 1991, between 13 and 16 million people in India could be classified as HRST because of their qualification, a number which had grown to approximately 25 million in 2000. When expressed as a percentage of the population aged 15-64, this meant an increase of more than one percentage point, from between 2.5% and 3% in 1991 to just over 4% in 2000. In 1991, 10.2 million people could be categorised as HRST because ...
    DOI: 10.1787/166337306371
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital Delivery of Business Services (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 84 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.79
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The business services examined in this study include software and information services, R&D and technical services, advertising and marketing, business consulting, recruitment and human resource development services. Digital delivery includes contracted out electronically mediated services supply (outsourcing) and digitally facilitated distributed work within firms, in which business services inputs are supplied electronically to support the business activities of firms. Digital delivery allows business services suppliers to combine richness and reach (i.e. to combine greater market reach with the ability to engage in richer interactions with clients). Business services activities are a significant and growing part of all OECD economies. Services are often dominated by small firms, although there are large players in most market segments. Demand for business services is strongly pro-cyclical. Innovation and high levels of competition counter market dynamics leading to concentration. Hence, new players emerge and there is considerable churn among market leaders.
    DOI: 10.1787/232751878060
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Background Paper for the OECD Workshop on Spam (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.78
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Note de synthèse pour l'atelier de l'OCDE sur le spam
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This background paper has been prepared to provide a broad overview of the issues associated with spam as information for participants at the OECD Workshop on Spam, to be held at the European Commission on 2-3 February 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/232784860063
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Development of Broadband Access in Rural and Remote Areas (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The report reviews progress on the availability of broadband access across the OECD area. It particularly focuses on benchmarking digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modem expansion and availability, as well as the emergence of broadband wireless as a platform to provide low-cost high-performance access networks in rural and remote areas. The paper finds that DSL availability is proceeding apace, with around three-quarters of existing subscriber lines being able to provide service by 2003. Cable networks pass 58% of households with just under three-quarters of those networks having been upgraded for broadband access. The paper also explores the increasing capabilities of wireless...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032989-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biometric-based Technologies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.101
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Technologies fondées sur la biométrie
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report is intended to provide an understanding of the benefits and limitations of biometric-based technologies. It also includes information on existing privacy and security methodologies for assessing biometrics.
    DOI: 10.1787/232075642747
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multinationals and U.S. Productivity Leadership : Evidence from Great Britain (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/05
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: US plant level studies show US multinational enterprises (MNE) are more productive than other MNEs. This could reflect US productivity leadership or could be due to the ease in which US firms operate in their home surroundings. The evidence would therefore be more compelling if US firms were leaders outside the US. We study the productivity of plants owned by US firms located in the UK. Our study differs from many studies of foreign owned plants in three ways. Firstly, using a newly available dataset we can identify not only foreign but also domestic MNEs. We find that UK MNEs are less productive than US owned plants, but as productive as non US foreign owned plants. Secondly, having a panel dataset we distinguish between different hypotheses regarding the nature of the US and MNE advantage. We find strong evidence that the US advantage lies in the ability to takeover already productive plants. Whereas we find some evidence for a shared asset effect for MNEs in general we do not find any evidence that the US advantage is driven by superior shares assets. Thirdly, this paper features a novel approach to TFP calculation.
    DOI: 10.1787/125181786028
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  • 17
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    Business Dynamics in Europe (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This study presents evidence on firm entry and exit, growth and survival derived with new data from Eurostat, covering nine European Union member countries. One contribution of the study is an analysis of the role of data quality for studies of firm demographics. Confronting results obtained with the Eurostat data with those of a previous OECD cross-country firm-level data project reveals that different size thresholds and difficulties in distinguishing genuine firm entry and exit from mergers & acquisitions, ownership changes or changes in legal form can have sizeable impacts on results. Cross-country differences in firm entry and exit rates are analysed with a special emphasis on detailed information and communication technology (ICT) related sectors, which has not been possible with previously available cross-country data. After controlling for some basic factors, such as countries’ industry composition, crosscountry differences in entry and exit rates in mature sectors turn out ...
    DOI: 10.1787/250652270238
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  • 18
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    An Emerging Knowledge-Based Economy in China? : Indicators from OECD Databases (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 77 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/04
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This paper shows that China is catching up rapidly with other dynamic Asian economies and the Triad economies on a score of indicators relating to the knowledge-based economy. Taking into account that a number of measurement issues hamper international comparability to varying degrees, some of the main results are the following. • Economic growth in China has outpaced the other economies substantially. Nevertheless, GDP per capita is still considerably smaller than that of the other economies. • The main contributor to GDP in China is industry (mining; manufacturing; electricity, gas and water supply; and construction), which saw its share rise by 10 percentage points to 52% between 1990 and 2002. • Trade in goods as a percentage of GDP doubled between 1990 and 2002, reaching a level well above that of the Triad economies. The largest contribution to this expansion was made by...
    DOI: 10.1787/256502026705
    URL: Volltext
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  • 19
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    Measuring Knowledge Management in the Business Sector : First Steps (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial; premiers résultats
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial: premiers résultats
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Knowledge management involves any activity related to the capture, use and sharing of knowledge by an organisation. Evidence shows that these practices are being used more and more frequently and that their impact on innovation and other aspects of corporate performance is far from negligible. Today, there is a recognition of the need to understand and to measure the activity of knowledge management so that organisations can be more efficient and governments can develop policies to promote these benefits. This book offers a synthetic view of the results of the first systematic international survey on knowledge management carried out by national statistical offices in Canada, Denmark, France and Germany.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100282-en
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  • 20
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    ICT, E-Business and Small and Medium Enterprises (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.86
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les TIC, le commerce électronique et les PME
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) connectivity (PCs and Internet) is very widespread in businesses of all sizes. As is the case with all technologies, small businesses are slower than large ones to adopt new ICTs. Commercial considerations and potential returns are the principal drivers of small business adoption and profitable use. Principal reasons for non-adoption are lack of applicability and little incentive to change business models when returns are unclear. SMEs also face generic barriers to adoption including trust and transaction security and IPR concerns, and challenges in areas of management skills, technological capabilities, productivity and competitiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/232556551425
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  • 21
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    Highly Skilled Labour and International Mobility in South America (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/10
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper presents the main trends in respect of the supply of human resources in science and technology (HRST) in Latin America and the international mobility of its highly skilled labour. This will be done through the identification of potential data sources, followed by a presentation of indicators drawn from these sources. In addition, a short section is devoted to the main policy aspects surrounding these issues. The section on policy issues will show that the main South American countries have in common a lack of strong or efficient policies for the migration of highly skilled human resources, although in recent years important changes have occurred in some of the countries of the region. Available information sources on highly skilled labour and international mobility in South American countries are similar to those from OECD countries as far as the main types of collected data is concerned. Potential sources are labour force surveys, population ...
    DOI: 10.1787/570061570356
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  • 22
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    Handbook on Hedonic Indexes and Quality Adjustments in Price Indexes : Special Application to Information Technology Products (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 255 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/09
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This handbook reviews the methods employed in price indexes to adjust for quality change: “conventional” quality adjustment methods, which are explained in Chapter II, and hedonic price indexes (Chapter III). Hedonic indexes have a prominent place in price indexes for information and communication technology (ICT) products in several OECD countries, and are also used for measuring prices for some other goods and services, notably housing. The handbook’s objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the merits and shortcomings of conventional and hedonic methods, and to provide an analytic basis for choosing among them. This handbook compares and contrasts the logic and statistical properties of hedonic methods and conventional methods and the results of employing them in different circumstances. In Chapter IV, it reviews empirical evidence on the difference that alternative methods make in practice, and offers an evaluation framework for determining which is better. In ...
    DOI: 10.1787/643587187107
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  • 23
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    The Development of Broadband Access in Rural and Remote Areas (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 72 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.80
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: As the development of broadband access builds momentum, policy makers are increasingly turning their attention to the availability of these services in rural and remote areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/232744838147
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  • 24
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    Patents and Innovation : Trends and Policy Challenges (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026728
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Few systematic economic evaluations have been carried out on patent system to better inform policy choices. This report, which covers a range of areas, and highlights some issues that policy makers should address in the near future, including markets for technology, patenting by public reserach organisations, biotechnology, and software and services.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026728-en
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  • 25
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    Understanding Economic Growth : A Macro-level, Industry-level, and Firm-level Perspective (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019331
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (165 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre la croissance économique ; Analyse au niveau macroéconomique, au niveau sectoriel et au niveau de l'entreprise
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?; Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico; Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre la croissance économique : Analyse au niveau macroéconomique, au niveau sectoriel et au niveau de l'entreprise
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?: Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico: Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: This book is a unique tool providing facts, figures and analysis of economic growth in OECD countries. The analysis focuses on the growth patterns of OECD countries during the last decade and identifies the fundamental drivers of growth. It also looks at how and why countries react differently to these drivers. It examines growth at the macro-economic level, industry level and firm level and also analyses the contribution of information technology (IT) at each of these levels. Packed with over 50 tables and figures, the book provides unique data to better understand the reality of economic growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019331-en
    URL: Volltext
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    Space 2030 : Exploring the Future of Space Applications (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'espace à l'horizon 2030 ; quel avenir pour les applications spatiales ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'espace à l'horizon 2030 : quel avenir pour les applications spatiales ?
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Since the launch of Sputnik in 1957, media attention has focused almost exclusively on spectacular space missions. However, space actors have also faced their fair share of setbacks: the Columbia tragedy, extravagant cost overruns and painful reductions in public support to space ventures.Over the years, advances in space technologies have led to the development of increasingly sophisticated military and civil space assets. Where is the space sector heading now? What are the obstacles to its further development? What are its future prospects? What are the applications that are likely to be successful in the future? To answer these questions, this report adopted a scenario-based approach to explore the future evolution of major components of the space sector (military space, civil space, commercial space) over the next thirty years. It covers four major factors of change: geopolitical developments, socio-economic developments, energy and the environment, technology. "Outstanding review, especially useful for the three sophisticated scenarios, useful to many futurists." Future Survey, August 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020344-en
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  • 27
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    Reviews of National Policies for Education: Bulgaria 2004: Science, Research and Technology (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264007024
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Bulgarie 2004 ; Science, recherche et technologie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Bulgarie 2004 : Science, recherche et technologie
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Reviews of national policies for education, Bulgaria
    DDC: 509/.499
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Forschungsfinanzierung ; Forschungskooperation ; Brain Drain ; Humankapital ; Bulgarien ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: This review presents an overview of the S&T sector in Bulgaria and its links to education. Topics covered include the legislative framework; institutional arrangements for research and teaching; budgeting mechanisms; regional and international co-operation including EU policy initiatives; and the impact of brain drain and ageing on human resources. Sample case studies and best practices in S&T policy-making are provided to illustrate the analysis. The final chapter includes a series of recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264007024-en
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  • 28
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    The Implications of Convergence for Regulation of Electronic Communications (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.83
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Digital technologies and the diffusion of new transmission technologies have increased the number of platforms capable of providing video transmission, and have also altered the traditional characteristics of broadcasting.
    DOI: 10.1787/232632377163
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  • 29
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    Triadic Patent Families Methodology (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/02
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Patent indicators – within the science and technology (S&T) context – are used to measure inventive performance, diffusion of knowledge and internationalisation of innovative activities – across countries, firms, industries, technology areas, etc. A common approach is to calculate patent indicators based on information (filings, grants, etc.) from a particular patent office. While the richness and strength of those indicators are broadly recognised, they are affected by “home” advantage bias – where proportionate to their inventive activity, domestic applicants tend to file more patents in their home country compared to foreign applicants. Patents taken in various countries to protect inventions can be linked together to build triadic patent families: a set of patents taken at the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japanese Patent Office (JPO), and the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that share one or more priorities. Patent families are derived from priority application ...
    DOI: 10.1787/443844125004
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  • 30
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    Report on non-OECD Countries' Spam Legislation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.81
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report on anti-spam legislation in OECD non-member countries was originally prepared for the Brussels OECD Workshop on Spam and was updated following the workshop to include more non-member country information in April 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/232723710504
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  • 31
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    Biotechnology Statistics in OECD Member Countries : An Inventory (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 110 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/08
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document reflects recent efforts made by the OECD to obtain an accurate assessment of the current state of biotechnology statistics in OECD member and observer countries. It is an update of the original document, which was released in 2000. The inventory was prepared by Brigitte van Beuzekom of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, and benefited from contributions of the delegates involved in the OECD Ad hoc Meeting on Biotechnology Statistics. Comments are welcome and should be sent by e-mail to Brigitte van Beuzekom [e-mail: brigitte.vanbeuzekomoecd.org] ...
    DOI: 10.1787/304575100848
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  • 32
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    Promise and Problems of E-Democracy : Challenges of Online Citizen Engagement (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promesses et limites de la démocratie électronique ; les défis de la participation citoyenne en ligne
    DDC: 323/.042/02854678
    RVK:
    MD 6500
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; Demokratie ; Politische Beteiligung ; World Wide Web
    Abstract: This book highlights policy lessons in using ICTs to provide information, opportunities for consultation and public participation in policy-making. It includes numerous examples of current practice from 12 OECD member countries (Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Sweden, UK) as well as the European Commission. It does not deal with online service delivery nor with ICT applications to elections (e.g. e-voting) although some of the issues discussed here, such as providing information online, may be relevant for both. Finally, the book suggests 10 guiding principles for successful online consultation and identifies five key challenges for online citizen engagement in policy-making.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019492-en
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    Access Pricing in Telecommunications (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105942
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La tarification de l'accès dans le secteur des télécommunications
    DDC: 384
    RVK:
    QR 720
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report addresses an issue which arises in virtually every public utility industry – the regulation of access to essential facilities. The regulation of the terms and conditions under which competing firms have access to essential inputs provided by rivals has become the single biggest issue facing regulators of public utility industries. Development of competition and the success of liberalisation often depend on the access terms and conditions chosen, and public policy interest in getting these terms and conditions right is important. Prepared by the OECD’s Competition Committee, this report focuses on the telecommunications industry and seeks to deepen the understanding of access regulation. Access issues are not easy issues for regulators and competition policy-makers - they can be both difficult technically and the source of noisy disputes in practice. By bringing together theory and practice, this report seeks to help regulators and policy-makers learn from OECD experience to achieve efficient and competitive outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105942-en
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    From Red Tape to Smart Tape : Administrative Simplification in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100688
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Cutting Red Tape
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La simplification administrative dans les pays de l'OCDE
    DDC: 352.3/87/09177
    RVK:
    QQ 000
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Verwaltung ; Vereinfachung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Verwaltungsreform ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: “Too much red tape” is a common complaint from businesses and citizens in OECD countries. This report analyses proven approaches commonly adopted by governments to reduce and streamline administrative procedures like one-stop shops (physical and electronic), simplification of permits and licence procedures, time limits for decision-making, methods to measure administrative burdens, regulatory-compliance assistance for small and medium-size companies, and increasing reliance on IT-based solutions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100688-en
    URL: Volltext
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    URL: Volltext
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 35
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    Privacy Online : OECD Guidance on Policy and Practice (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101630
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Protection de la vie privée en ligne ; orientations politiques et pratiques de l'OCDE
    DDC: 658.4/78
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This volume draws together OECD work to date on measures for ensuring effective privacy protection on global networks while continuing to allow the transborder flow of personal data. It contains specific policy and practical guidance to assist governments, businesses and individuals in promoting privacy protection online at national and international levels. It proposes ways of adopting and posting privacy policies, mechanisms for enforcement and redress, and means of promoting education and user awareness.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101630-en
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  • 36
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    Turning Science into Business : Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organisations (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100244
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 346.0486
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report presents the results of the first international survey on the patenting and licensing activities of public research organisations in OECD countries. It includes data on the stock and number of patents and licenses, the amount of licensing revenue, the size and activities of technology transfer offices, the types of licensing agreements concluded with firms, as well as information on the government and institutional policies for owning and exploiting intellectual property. In addition to the survey results, policy makers, business managers and university and research administrators will find several case studies on how OECD countries are moving to unlock the social and economic benefits of public research. These case studies will also provide insight into how research institutions deal with issues such as whether to license a patent or create a spin-off, how to create technology transfer programmes and how to license IP to firms while preserving access for future research and discovery.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100244-en
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    Biotechnology and Healthy Ageing : Policy Implications of New Research (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: If present trends in fertility and life expectancy continue, between one quarter and one third of the population in OECD countries will be over 65 years by 2025. The ageing population will have profound social and economic implications. Not surprisingly, countries are searching for ways to promote healthy ageing. The OECD Workshop on Healthy Ageing and Biotechnology, held in November 2000 in Tokyo, brought together an interdisciplinary group of world experts in molecular biology, geriatrics, epidemiology, health economics, ethics and health policy. Their perspectives are the subject of this book and collectively help provide a better understanding of the issues and relative contribution that biotechnological solutions will make to the promotion of healthy ageing. Please note that this title is only available on line, in pdf format.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034747-en
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  • 38
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    Review of the Development and Reform of the Telecommunications Sector in China (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 84 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.69
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: The Chinese telecommunications market has experienced double-digit growth in recent years and continues to expand rapidly as demand surges.
    DOI: 10.1787/233204728762
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  • 39
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    Consumer Policy Considerations on the Importance of Accurate and Available WHOIS Data (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.73
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Considérations du point de vue de la politique à l'égard des consommateurs sur l'importance d'avoir des données Whois exactes et disponibles
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Drawing on the 1999 OECD Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce, this document explains how accurate and available Whois data can contribute to building consumer trust in the online marketplace.
    DOI: 10.1787/233072722141
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  • 40
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    ICT and Economic Growth : Evidence from OECD countries, industries and firms (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les TIC et la croissance économique ; Panorama des industries, des entreprises et des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les TIC et la croissance économique : Panorama des industries, des entreprises et des pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: This report examines the impacts of ICT on business performance and the policies that can help seize its benefits. It argues that ICT remains an important technology for the years ahead, as ICT networks have now spread throughout the economy. What counts now is how the technology should be made to work. .
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101296-en
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  • 41
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    Emerging Risks in the 21st Century : An Agenda for Action (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101227
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les risques émergents au XXIe siècle ; Vers un programme d'action
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les risques émergents au XXIe siècle : Vers un programme d'action
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: The 21st Century has so far witnessed a host of large-scale disasters in various parts of the world including: windstorms, flooding, new diseases infesting both humans and animals, terrorist attacks and major disruptions to critical infrastructures. It is not just the nature of major risks that seems to be changing, but also the context in which risks are evolving as well as society’s capacity to manage them. This book explores the implications of these developments for economy and society in the 21st century, focussing in particular on the potentially significant increase in the vulnerability of major systems. It concentrates on five large risk clusters: natural disasters, technological accidents, infectious diseases, food safety and terrorism, identifies the challenges facing OECD countries and sets out recommendations for governments and the private sector as to how the management of emerging systemic risks might be improved.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101227-en
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  • 42
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    Comparing Labour Productivity Growth in the OECD Area : The Role of Measurement (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/14
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines how measurement problems affect international comparisons of labour productivity. It suggests that these measurement problems do not significantly affect the assessment of aggregate productivity patterns in the OECD area. However, these problems do influence the more detailed assessment of productivity growth, notably the role of specific sectors and demand components in aggregate performance. The paper shows that there are only a few significant problems regarding the comparability of nominal GDP across OECD countries, the most important being the treatment of software investment. In most cases, efforts are underway to reduce the size of these differences. Measurement differences for real GDP are also important, although several of these factors have impacts that work in different directions. Moreover, several of these problems primarily affect the distribution of total GDP across different expenditure categories and across different activities, not necessarily ...
    DOI: 10.1787/126534183836
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    Venture Capital Policies in Israel (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Israel
    Abstract: Israel has a higher level of venture capital as a share of GDP than any OECD country. Most Israeli venture capital is channelled to early-stage companies, particularly start-ups in sectors based on information and communications technology (ICT) and biotechnology. The Israeli venture capital industry was built through government funding, particularly through the YOZMA group, which leveraged financing from foreign corporations and institutions. There is now a need for a change in tactics to maintain private venture funding for both portfolio and seed firms. While new incentives are being given to foreign investors, domestic venture investments could be encouraged through tax breaks, expanded opportunities for institutional investors, and reforms to the Israeli stock exchange. Israel needs to sustain growth in the venture sector while reducing dependence on a limited number of capital sources. This paper analyses trends in Israeli venture capital markets and makes policy ...
    DOI: 10.1787/585780028400
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    Venture Capital Policy Review : Portugal (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/19
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Portugal
    Abstract: The small Portuguese venture capital market is characterised by expansion-stage investments in manufacturing industries, primarily consumer goods. Government equity programmes, which have tended to be investment vehicles for European structural funds, have crowded out potential private investors. Recent initiatives, including a new venture captial law and a scheme aimed at leveraging private venture funding, should help stimulate venture activity. Measures are also needed to foster the emergence of more entrepreneurs, create a less risk-averse investment culture, and take fuller advantage of international venture capital flows. This paper analyses trends in Portuguese venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/613767247743
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  • 45
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    Venture Capital Policies in Sweden (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/11
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Sweden
    Abstract: Sweden has one of the highest levels of private equity investment as a share of GDP among OECD countries. However, its strength lies in later-stage investments, financed primarily by foreign investors. This reflects an industrial structure based on large manufacturing conglomerates. A lack of entrepreneurial demand and equity-related management expertise hinder the growth of the domestic venture capital industry. The Swedish government is now considering a set of changes to its regulatory and fiscal system to better target the needs of small, technology-based firms. Removing quantitative restrictions on institutional investors, lowering tax rates, and restructuring equity programmes are necessary steps. This paper analyses trends in Swedish venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/784213407652
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  • 46
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    Genetic Inventions, Intellectual Property Rights and Licensing Practices : Evidence and Policies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034730
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Few topics in the life sciences today provoke as much debate as the availability of patent protection on "genetic inventions". Some hold that protection is essential to encourage innovation and development of new products. Others argue that patents restrict access to the very innovations they are intended to promote. Yet others object to property rights at all for our genetic blueprint. This report presents the findings of an OECD Workshop held in Berlin to establish the impact of patents and licensing on development and access to genetic technology. The workshop drew on empirical studies and concluded that despite sometimes controversial licensing practices the patent system has broadly achieved what is intended. The report provides recommendations to policy makers for improving the functioning of the licensing system. Please note that this title is only available on line, in pdf format.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034730-en
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  • 47
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    The e-Government Imperative (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'administration électronique; un impératif
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'administration électronique: un impératif
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: E-government is more about government than about “e”. The spread of new information and communication technologies has spurred major changes at all levels of society and notably in citizen expectations. Governments have also been integrating those technologies into work practices to keep pace and enhance the policy outcomes, service quality, and responsiveness to citizens that determine their effectiveness. E-government initiatives can bolster government effectiveness in important ways like facilitating cross-agency cooperation on complex problems, fostering a customer focus for services, and building relationships with private sector partners. Delay in implementing e-government reforms can thus handicap economic development in this increasingly competitive, rapidly changing world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101197-en
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  • 48
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    Biotechnology Indicators and Public Policy (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs des biotechnologies et politiques publiques
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This working paper provides input and a framework for a broader discussion of the identification of user needs that should inform the development of biotechnology statistics and indicators. This document identifies and evaluates the main types of indicators that may be required to inform policy actions. Given the embryonic state of biotechnology, the main focus for policy is on S&T policies where four main types of S&T policies – supporting biotechnology research, diffusing biotechnology knowledge and expertise, commercialising biotechnology research and encouraging the adoption (application and use) of biotechnology – are used as a framework for developing relevant statistics. In addition to more generic S&T polices, the paper explores the development of indicators by major application area – agriculture, health, industrial processing and environmental applications. The paper includes both an evaluation of how existing indicators can be used, and the types of new indicators that ...
    DOI: 10.1787/262776281580
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  • 49
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    Seizing the Benefits of ICT in a Digital Economy (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.72
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mettre les TIC à profit dans une économie numérique
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Seizing the Benefits of ICT in a Digital Economy revisits ICT's contribution to economic performance using new and more recent data to assess the degree to which the findings that appeared valid at the end of 2000 remain intact. This new report also examines whether the policy conclusions from the previous OECD work require adjustment in the current economic environment, and what measures OECD governments should take to seize the benefits of ICT. The findings and policy implications of the work are summarised in this report; they reaffirm and elaborate those of the OECD Growth Study.
    DOI: 10.1787/233143713543
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    Venture Capital Policy Review : Spain (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/18
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Spain
    Abstract: Spain's expanding venture capital market is still biased towards mature firms in traditional sectors with little investment in technology-based start-ups. Although the country has benefited from substantial inflows of foreign venture capital, steps are needed to increase domestic levels of entrepreneurship and risk investment expertise. The government maintains a number of small firms participatory loan schemes, which could be transformed into privately-managed equity programmes to attract venture investors. Restrictions relating to authorised venture investors and amounts could also be lightened. This paper analyses trends in Spanish venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/423325882343
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    Productivity Growth in Service Industries : An Assessment of Recent Patterns and the Role of Measurement (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/07
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines recent patterns in productivity growth of service industries and analyses the role of problems in measuring service productivity growth on industry and aggregate productivity growth. At the aggregate level, unbalanced growth can be observed between a dynamic manufacturing sector on one hand and a rather stagnant service sector on the other. The service sector itself is, however, composed of a set of heterogenous industries with productivity growth rates ranging from low or negative rates to growth rates exceeding those of high-growth manufacturing industries. The empirical evidence suggests that low or negative productivity growth rates in several services are linked to measurement problems. Computing constant price service output is particularly important. Potential under-estimation of service productivity growth leads eventually to an under-estimation of aggregate productivity growth, via aggregation effects and the flows of intermediate inputs. There ...
    DOI: 10.1787/086461104618
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    Carbon Dioxide Emissions Embodied in International Trade of Goods (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/15
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Efforts such as the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions that may be linked to climate change focus on six greenhouse gases (GHG). Carbon dioxide is by far the largest of these by volume, representing about 80% of the total emissions of these six gases. Almost all carbon dioxide is emitted during the combustion of fossil fuels and OECD countries account for over half of the total carbon dioxide emission in the world while an additional four countries (Brazil, China, India and Russia) together account for a further quarter of the global total. Many policies designed to reduce these emissions set emission reduction goals based on some previous level (e.g. 1990 in the case of Kyoto for many countries) which is used as a benchmark for success and compliance to the protocol. But changes in emissions at the national level can occur for many reasons: including the relocation of production abroad, and/or by import substitution. This may have a negligible impact on global emissions but, if ...
    DOI: 10.1787/421482436815
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    Comparing Domain Name Administration in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.70
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide comparative information on the administration of domain names across the OECD area.
    DOI: 10.1787/233185680505
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    Developments in Local Loop Unbundling (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.74
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the development of local loop unbundling in the OECD. It examines policies for unbundling, progress in achieving unbundling, and collocation and pricing policies for unbundling.
    DOI: 10.1787/233065827862
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    Governance of Public Research : Toward Better Practices (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gouvernance de la recherche publique ; Vers de meilleures pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance of Public Research; Toward Better Practices (Chinese version)
    RVK:
    MF 9300
    RVK:
    QX 840
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Staatliche Forschung ; Finanzierung ; OECD ; Forschungspolitik ; Forschungseinrichtung ; Reform
    Abstract: This report deals with public sector research. It provides a comprehensive review of the challenges that call for changes in the governance of OECD countries’ science systems. It highlights emerging policy responses developed in these countries indicating better practices to deal with the challenges, and draws policy lessons that can inspire the reform process. Supporting chapters provide detailed descriptions and analyses of the structures of science systems, the procedures for priority setting, the changes to funding, and the management of human resources in R&D.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103764-en
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    Measuring Investment in Software (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The latest system of national accounts (SNA93) recommended that purchases of software (and any own-account production) should be capitalised as long as the acquisition satisfied conventional asset requirements. This change added about 1% to GDP in most OECD economies in the mid-1990s. However, the range of the revision has been significantly different across countries, leading many observers to question the comparability of these statistics. An OECD task force set up in October 2001 confirmed that differences in estimation procedures contributed significantly to the differences in software capitalisation rates, and a set of recommendations describing a harmonised method for estimating software were formulated. Most of these recommendations were approved at the OECD 2002 National Accounts Expert meeting. This paper reviews the recommendations in its annexes, giving more expansive explanations in some areas, and provides estimates of changes to GDP levels and growth that might be ...
    DOI: 10.1787/335303788330
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    Universal Service Obligations and Broadband (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.68
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines the question of whether the scope of universal service should be widened to include broadband. A common concern in OECD countries is that some groups without access to highspeed broadband networks, such as those residing in rural and sparsely populated remote areas, will be unable to access the benefits expected of broadband access, from on-line services including education, health and government services. This problem is expected to grow in significance as broadband service becomes increasingly important and pervasive.
    DOI: 10.1787/233266421685
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    Venture Capital Policies in Korea (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/02
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The Korean venture capital market has grown dramatically in recent years, starting from a negligible base in the early 1990s and almost tripling between 1998 and 2001. Korea now ranks among the leading OECD countries in venture capital investment as a share of GDP. Korea weathered the severe financial crisis of 1997-98 to face the challenge of reducing the influence of large corporations (the chaebol) and augmenting the role of technology-oriented small firms. The government jump-started the venture capital market in 1998 through direct infusion of equity capital, generous tax incentives and equity guarantees, and the designation of certain small firms as “venture businesses”. Concerns relate to the need to further privatise the venture capital system and to increase the supply of investment-ready small firms. This paper analyses trends in Korean venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/248000716362
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    Composite Indicators of Country Performance : A Critical Assessment (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/16
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Composite indicators are synthetic indices of individual indicators and are increasingly being used to rank countries in various performance and policy areas. Using composites, countries have been compared with regard to their competitiveness, innovative abilities, degree of globalisation and environmental sustainability. Composite indicators are useful in their ability to integrate large amounts of information into easily understood formats and are valued as a communication and political tool. However, the construction of composites suffers from many methodological difficulties, with the result that they can be misleading and easily manipulated. This paper reviews the steps in constructing composite indicators and their inherent weaknesses. A detailed statistical example is given in a case study. The paper also offers suggestions on how to improve the transparency and use of composite indicators for analytical and policy purposes ...
    DOI: 10.1787/405566708255
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    Venture Capital Policy Review : Norway (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/17
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Norway
    Abstract: The Norwegian venture capital market is oriented towards expansion investments in traditional sectors and suffers from a lack of private risk capital as well as of entrepreneurial demand. Norway needs to increase the entry of innovative start-ups in order to diversify the economy beyond its resource-based sectors. In addition to reducing its dominant role in providing venture capital through privatisation of SND Invest, the government should further privatise industrial holdings, reduce quantitative restrictions on institutional investors, and remove the wealth tax which deters venture investing. This paper analyses trends in Norwegian venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process.
    DOI: 10.1787/331327816481
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    Venture Capital Policies in Denmark (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/10
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Denmark
    Abstract: Denmark has one of the lowest levels of venture capital investment as a share of GDP among OECD countries. The Danish government tried a number of supply-side initiatives in the 1990s with varying degrees of success. Problems stem from a lack of equity investment culture, the high levels and complexity of taxes, a dominant role played by banks in venture financing, and few contributions from other institutional investors. A new strategy focuses on providing seed capital to start-ups through a reorganised government equity fund and technology incubators. The challenge is to build on this momentum to further diversify early-stage financing and deepen the entrepreneurial culture. This paper analyses trends in Danish venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process.
    DOI: 10.1787/467367203414
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    The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199460
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les sources de la croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Quellen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums in den OECD-Ländern
    DDC: 330.9177
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Understand growth disparities between OECD countries over the past twenty years through identification and analysis of underlying factors. Growth patterns through the 1990s and into this decade have turned received wisdom on its head. For most of the post-war period, OECD countries with relatively low GDP per capita grew faster than richer countries. Since the late 1990s, however, that pattern has broken down with the United States notably drawing further ahead of the field. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of growth drivers across the OECD and the extent to which disparities are attributable to factors like new technology and R&D, macroeconomic policy, education and training, labour market flexibility, product market competition, and barriers to business start-up and closure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199460-en
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    The Benefits and Costs of Structural Separation of the Local Loop (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.76
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper is aimed at responding to arguments that have been made about the necessity and benefits of structural separation of the telecommunications local loop.
    DOI: 10.1787/232804472031
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    Broadband Driving Growth : Policy Responses (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.75
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD's policy response to the challenge of maximising the benefits of broadband Internet services for economic and social development.
    DOI: 10.1787/232838768555
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    Venture Capital Policy Review : United States (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/12
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United States
    Abstract: The United States has the oldest and most developed venture capital industry in the OECD. Several successful high-technology companies in computers and communications, as well as in healthrelated sectors and services, were venture-backed. Young high-growth firms also benefit from a continuum of complementary finance from business angels, institutional investors and second-tier stock markets. The government played an active role in the early phases of the venture capital industry through the Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) program and various technology development schemes. A reduction in capital gains tax rates and liberalisation of rules for pension fund investments in risky assets in the late 1970s also unlocked new capital sources. Venture capital activity, however, has been quite cyclical. Periods of high fund-raising and investment in the 1980s and 1990s were followed by market downturns with negative effects on small firm survival and growth. Fundamental structural ...
    DOI: 10.1787/412177706602
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    Development of Wireless Local Area Networks in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.71
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Wireless technology provides business executives, office workers, small businesses and residential users with expanded opportunities to connect to the Internet outside the limited area dictated by fixed networks.
    DOI: 10.1787/233145088433
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    An Overview of Biotechnology Statistics in Selected Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/13
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report provides an update of the current state of the biotechnology industry based on primarily official statistical sources. As biotechnology becomes increasingly viewed as a strategic sector, the need for reliable biotechnology statistics from which informed policy decisions can be made grows. This report addresses that need by compiling statistics on biotechnology both on a country-by-country basis and to a limited degree across countries. Also included is a brief overview of some of the important biotechnology policies where the information is publicly available. This work has benefited from the OECD working with member countries and observer countries to develop methodological tools for measuring biotechnology. While some of this work is provisional, will change as experience in the field is gained and should not be viewed as the definitive reference, the data contained in this report represents a significant step forward from only a few years ago when only a few OECD ...
    DOI: 10.1787/182801088828
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    Venture Capital Policy Review : United Kingdom (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Despite high levels of private equity financing in the United Kingdom, relatively little funding is reaching small, technology-based companies. Institutional investors, both domestic and foreign, remain focused on later-stage deals. The United Kingdom has implemented several policy initiatives to improve the access of small firms to equity financing, including generous tax incentives and support for business angel networks. However, problems persist in targeting financing to smaller enterprises, start-ups and outlying regions. A new policy approach, which follows the example of the United States, has recently been introduced. This combines government equity with private sector management to leverage private financing for small deal sizes and also eases rules on institutional investors. This paper analyses trends in UK venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/266158318353
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    OECD e-Government Studies: Finland 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études de l'OCDE sur l'administration électronique ; Finlande 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études de l'OCDE sur l'administration électronique : Finlande 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Finland
    Abstract: The first in a series of national e-government reviews, this book uses a common analytical framework developed by the OECD E-Government Project that will assist countries in evaluating their e-government policies, ensure international comparability of findings and systematically build up a body of empirical evidence regarding good e-government practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264102613-en
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    Venture Capital Policies in Canada (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/04
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Canada
    Abstract: Canada has one of the highest levels of venture capital investment as a share of GDP among OECD countries. Between 1995 and 2001, Canada realised phenomenal growth in venture capital supply and the creation of over 200 new venture capital funds. However, the largest share of Canadian venture capital goes to follow-on funding of smaller firms -- rather than to new deals involving start-ups -- and to traditional manufacturing sectors. In the late 1990s, the Canadian government began attempts to diversify the sources of venture funds through liberalising rules for institutional and foreign investors, modifying tax incentives and introducing government equity funds. Foreign investors, particularly from the United States, are now the major players and are targeting their funding to technology-based start-ups. This paper analyses trends in Canadian venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/767750000035
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    Availability and Characteristics of Surveys on the Destination of Doctorate Recipients in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Disponibilité et caractéristiques des enquêtes sur la destination professionnelle des titulaires de doctorats dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: As far as we know, there is no study that identifies databases relating to the destination of doctorate recipients, including at international level. Young scientists unquestionably play an important role in research and innovation. Consequently, it is necessary to develop statistical sources to find out about the destinations of doctorate recipents. Such information is extremely valuable to the authorities for framing research and innovation policies. This study has two objectives: first, to review existing statistical sources in the OECD countries, and to discuss their comparability. All told, 21 countries replied to the questionnaire on the existence of such databases, representing 25 data sources available for analysis. The analysis focused on the main aspects of the labour market for young researchers: the existence of queues for academic posts with, correlatively, post-doctoral training, relations between public research systems and industrial ...
    DOI: 10.1787/245308553443
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    Broadband and Telephony Services Over Cable Television Networks (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.77
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Broadband Internet access is one of the first services where there has been a convergence between communications platforms built for different purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/232788646665
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    Targeting R&D : Economic and Policy Implications of Increasing R&D Spending (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Objectif R-D : Les répercussions de l'accroissement des dépenses de R-D sur l'économie et l'action publique
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Setting R&D spending targets based on R&D intensities (GERD as a share of GDP) has been a part of science and technology policy in many OECD countries for at least 35 years. What is new is that the targeting of R&D has become more widespread and a more visible goal commanding considerable attention in high-level white papers, summits and policy proclamations. This paper examines the factors that have contributed to the growing popularity of these targets and analyses in more detail the economic and structural consequences of achieving the increased levels of R&D spending by looking at the profile of individual countries with a high R&D intensity and those countries who have achieved a recent significant gain in their intensity. It then traces some of the implications of a higher R&D intensity for the European Union: the R&D spending levels that would be required to meet the target announced by Ministers at the 2002 summit in Barcelona, the human resources needed to conduct this R&D ...
    DOI: 10.1787/072772055603
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    Mammalian Embryo Genomics (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Biological Resource Management in Agriculture
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 571.8/619
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book contains the proceedings of the first International Meeting on Mammalian Embryo Genomics, held in Quebec City, Canada, on July 20, 2002, which brought together a group of internationally recognised scientists in the genomics field. The objective was to coordinate activities in the area of embryo genomics and create a number of collaborations dedicated to organizing the huge amount of information being generated in this emerging field of research. This information is and will continue to be crucial for most biotechnological applications in the field of animal reproduction.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104273-en
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    Road Safety : Impact of New Technologies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sécurité routière ; L'impact des nouvelles technologies
    DDC: 614.8605
    RVK:
    ZO 4870
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Every day, thousands are injured and almost 350 people are killed on the roads of OECD countries. New technologies could reduce this toll by as much as 40%. However, considerable challenges need to be overcome in order to achieve these benefits. Billions of dollars are currently being spent to develop new technologies which are not related to safety, and many of these may have a negative impact on road safety if action is not taken to ensure their compatibility with current road systems. This report evaluates the global impact of new technologies on road safety and provides recommendations to governments and industry to ensure that fatalities and injuries in road traffic are reduced.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103245-en
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    The Development of Broadband Access in OECD Countries (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034754
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report updates developments in terms of the roll out of broadband access in OECD countries. It does not aim to provide a definitive description of the technological alternatives or the applications for which it is being used but rather to highlight developments in relation to the leading platforms. The focus of the analysis is on how fast broadband access is being developed, what regulatory barriers exist to this development and what initiatives might be taken to increase the pace of development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034754-en
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    Linking Innovation to Productivity Growth Using Two Waves of the Community Innovation Survey (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/08
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Using two waves of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) for the Netherlands, this paper integrates recent lines of research to estimate the contribution of innovation to manufacturing multifactor productivity (MFP) growth. The model uses CIS data to control for the complementarity between internal and external knowledge bases, and investigates the importance of within-firm time interdependencies for inputs into innovation and innovation output. The results show the benefits of including more information on the technological environment of firms. Furthermore, the model shows that tracking the innovation performance of the same firms over time leads to a lower persistence of innovativeness when measured from the output side than when measured from the input side through use of R&D. Moreover, the contribution of innovation to MFP increases when estimating a static innovation model that uses the data obtained after pooling the two waves of CIS. The latter result reflects the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/620221544571
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  • 78
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    Resolving E-commerce Disputes Online : Asking the Right Questions about ADR (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.63
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résolution en ligne des litiges liés au commerce électronique : règlement alternatif des litiges (RAL) - Les questions à se poser
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Shopping online opens up a world of opportunity, convenience, choice, competitive prices and information. What will happen if something goes wrong with your purchase? What if you don't get the products you ordered? What can you do?
    DOI: 10.1787/233468177136
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  • 79
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    Global Industrial Restructuring : Implications for Small Firms (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/04
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Global industrial restructuring in the current era is characterised by an increase in cross-border strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and other types of business networking. This presents new international opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Cross-border business networking allows SMEs to expand their markets and distribution channels, to realise economies of scale and scope in products and processes, and to profit from the sale and licensing of technology-based assets. Governments can help SMEs realise the benefits of global restructuring by maintaining a flexible business environment and openness in foreign investment and trade, fostering inter-firm networking, and upgrading SME capabilities to participate in international networks and foreign markets. This paper assesses the drivers of global industrial restructuring and the impacts on small firms. It presents a detailed sectoral analysis of small-firm participation in cross-border ...
    DOI: 10.1787/067747507888
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  • 80
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    Trends in IP Technology: Their Impact on the Traditional Telephony Carrier (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.60
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The impact of the Internet Protocol (IP) on telephony is anticipated to replace traditional voice services with integrated voice and IP-based applications. The traditional telephony networks, though technically and economically unsuited to supporting the integrated applications including messaging and e-commerce, will nonetheless be leveraged by the ability to be interconnected and interoperate with IP networks. The potential for leveraging IP-based applications together with the traditional telephony infrastructure will likely create new markets for traditional telephony carriers, opening the opportunity for new alliances and partnerships with content providers, broadcast networks and integrated network service providers to enterprises. These new alliances will generate both opportunities for economic growth of a re-shaped telecommunications industry as well as challenges to the traditional approaches to its governance and regulation. Specifically, there will be an increased need to harmonize the progression of international technical standards for IP and the traditional telephony spheres as well as assessment of the implications of regulation presently applied to telephony as voice and video services become increasingly integrated within new IP-based applications delivered across a broad based communications infrastructure.
    DOI: 10.1787/233582040802
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  • 81
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    Internet Traffic Exchange and the Development of end-to-end International Telecommunication Competition (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.58
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The avoidance of monopoly rents and the need to ensure the continuity and quality of supply have, historically, been among the key drivers for the creation of new trade routes. In the field of telecommunications, for much of the past century, there has been little scope for achieving either of these goals. The avoidance of monopoly rents was unrealisable because most countries had legally mandated monopolies over the provision of telecommunication infrastructure. Even in those exceptional cases, where a country had opened its market to competition, monopolies continued to reign in corresponding countries. At the same time, monopolies made it difficult for one entity to guarantee service levels provided to its customers. This was because a single entity could not construct and manage their own end-to-end infrastructure across national borders.
    DOI: 10.1787/233740122451
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    Access for Business (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.67
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: With over 50 million subscribers in the OECD, broadband access is key for economic growth and development. This report examines broadband access development for businesses. It focuses on short distance leased lines and new forms of broadband acces.
    DOI: 10.1787/233271430048
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  • 83
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    Cybersquatting : The OECD's Experience and the Problems it Illustrates with Registrar Practices and the 'Whois' System (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.59
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report summarises the problem recently met by the OECD with regard to the cybersquatting of the ocde.org domain name, and identifies the general policy issues arising from this experience.
    DOI: 10.1787/233634324036
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  • 84
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    Legal Provisions Related to Business-to-Consumer Alternative Dispute Resolution in Relation to Privacy and Consumer Protection (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.65
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Dispositions juridiques liées au règlement alternatif des litiges entre entreprises et consommateurs relatifs à la vie privée et à la protection des consommateurs
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document addresses the extent to which existing legal provisions in OECD countries impact recourse to alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in relation to disputes arising out of business-to-consumer electronic commerce.
    DOI: 10.1787/233318385765
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  • 85
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    The Contribution of ICT to Production Efficiency in Italy : Firm-Level Evidence Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Econometric Estimations (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/13
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Italy
    Abstract: This paper examines the impact of information and communications technologies (ICTs) on technical production efficiency in a wide range of Italian industries. Technical efficiency, defined as the firm’s distance from the production efficiency frontier, is one important component of productivity. Assessing the role of ICTs in the organisation and control of production processes may be of primary interest for those firms that are trying to rationalise their production organisation and techniques. The survey of firms examined, the Italian ISTAT SCI covering all firms with at least 20 employees, offers an opportunity to test the hypothesis that ICTs, in both hardware and software components, can positively influence production performance. The analysis is carried out within industries defined by the OECD STAN database, to ease international comparability of the empirical results. Technical efficiency of each individual firm is measured by means of data envelopment analysis, a ...
    DOI: 10.1787/101101136045
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  • 86
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    Report on Consumer Protections for Payment Cardholders (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.64
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document reports on a CCP survey of legal and other consumer protections for payment cardholders in OECD Member countries. It also incorporates information gained during the CCP Roundtable on Consumer Protection for Payment Cardholders held in March 2001 in Berlin, Germany. The Roundtable brought together experts from academia, business, consumer groups and governments to discuss the issue of payment protections and what the OECD should be doing in this policy area. The report begins with an overview of past OECD work in the field of consumer protection for payment cardholders. It then discusses the current state of affairs with regard to cross-border e-commerce, payment security and consumer confidence, and reviews the consumer protection issues arising from the use of payment cards. A synopsis of the consumer protection regimes currently in place for payment cardholders in OECD Member countries is presented in the second half of the report. The concluding section focuses on the importance of cardholder education. As a step towards addressing the educational issue, the Committee developed a consumer education piece, “Using Payment Cards Online: Frequently Asked Questions”, which is attached as an annex.
    DOI: 10.1787/233364634144
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    Debt Management and Government Securities Markets in the 21st Century (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264176003
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de la dette publique et les marchés des valeurs d'État au 21e siècle
    DDC: 336.3/435/09177
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Debt Management and Government Securities Markets in the 21st Century reviews recent trends in the structure of OECD government securities markets and public debt management operations, and highlights the generic structural policy issues in emerging debt markets. Over the years, OECD debt managers have developed best practices for raising, managing and retiring debt at the lowest possible price and acceptable risk, largely in the presence of persistent large deficits. New techniques have been developed to cope with the adverse consequences of running surpluses (pricing anomalies and lower liquidity in traditional benchmark markets). This report analyses the impact of advanced electronic systems on primary and secondary markets. In the future, sophisticated electronic auction systems will enable institutional investors to bid directly in auctions, thereby by-passing primary dealers. Electronic trading systems will inevitably reshape secondary fixed-income markets. Underlying these challenges is the growing number of OECD sovereign issuers granting greater independence to debt management operations, accompanied by an increased emphasis on risk assessment and risk management. The report also addresses the introduction of new instruments (index-linked bonds and derivatives), as well as policies related to investor relations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264176003-en
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  • 88
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    The latest official statistics on electronic commerce: a focus on consumers' Internet transactions (June 2002) (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034761
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Power Point slides showing the latest official statistics on Internet consumer transaction presented at the last meeting of the OECD Committee for Consumer Protection.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034761-en
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  • 89
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    Taxation, SMEs and Entrepreneurship (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/09
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper discusses the implications of tax policy for the growth of entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Some existing features of OECD tax systems are biased against entrepreneurs and small firms. For instance, double taxation of distributed corporate profits can discourage incorporation of small firms while it can also favour debt over equity financing, the latter most required by SMEs. Conversely, a number of OECD countries have features in their tax systems that favour selfemployed individuals and SMEs to encourage growth. These include lower corporate income tax rates, exemptions from value-added taxes and investment tax credits. It is, however, not clear that the benefits of preferential tax treatment of self-employed individuals and SMEs outweigh the costs of moving away from tax neutrality. There are a number of areas where OECD governments can improve the tax climate for small firms and entrepreneurs. They can reduce progressivity in personal ...
    DOI: 10.1787/013245868670
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  • 90
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    Using Patents Data to Map Technical Change in Health-Related Areas (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/16
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document reports findings regarding the use of patents data for understanding various dimensions of technical change in health-related areas. Reported counts are based on “Triadic Patent Families”, that is sets of patents covering a single invention, filed altogether in Europe, Japan and the US. There were nearly 40 000 health-related patent families filed in the 1988-1995 period, which is 16% of the total number of patent families, with a majority (58%) of Medical Preparations (mainly drugs), followed by Surgery (13%), Media Devices (10%) and Prostheses (9%). The share of health patent inventors residing in the US is 56% (it is 35% in all families), EU is 27% (32% in all families), and Japan is 11% (28% in all families). The share of the US has been increasing between 1988 and 1995, whereas the share of Japan was shrinking. Internationalisation of research (measured by the share of patents with inventors residing in two or more different countries) has been growing steadily ...
    DOI: 10.1787/522485718871
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  • 91
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    The Importance of Entry to Canadian Manufacuring, with an Appendix on Measurement Issues (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Canada
    Abstract: Understanding the importance of the dynamic entry process in the Canadian economy involves measuring size of entry. The main purpose of this paper is to summarise the information that we have on the amount of entry in Canada. The paper also fulfils another purpose. Some studies have focused on cross-country comparisons (Geroski and Schwalbach, 1991: OECD, 2001). Interpretation of the results of these studies is difficult unless methodological issues regarding how entry is measured are addressed. Without an understanding of the extent to which different databases produce different results, international comparisons are difficult to evaluate. Cross-country comparisons that are derived from extremely different data sources may be misleading because of the lack of comparability. Since there is more than one reliable database that can be used to estimate entry in Canada, this paper asks how measured entry rates vary across different Canadian databases. By examining the difference in entry ...
    DOI: 10.1787/515653287372
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  • 92
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    ICT Skills and Employment (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/10
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Given their role in the current transformation of advanced economies, information and communication technologies (ICTs) offer the promise of new business and employment opportunities along with higher productivity gains, but also make new demands on skills. OECD countries are thus confronted with the dual challenge of ensuring that the growth of new industries and activities is not stifled by labour bottlenecks and skill mismatches and that their population is equipped to master the basic IT skills which these transformations require. Despite recent claims of a widespread IT worker shortage, this study argues that although there is indeed some evidence of tightness in labour markets for particular categories of IT workers, the main issue of concern for policy makers and firms should be the gap between the skills of current and future IT workers and those sought by firms. Both short- and long-term strategies can be implemented to address the rapidly changing skill requirements for ICT ...
    DOI: 10.1787/110542373678
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  • 93
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    Electronic Commerce for Development (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Commerce électronique et développement
    Keywords: Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: In this collection of essays, renowned authors from various disciplines have drawn on supply chain analysis and industry studies to elucidate how NICT — new information and communications technologies — like mobile telephony and the Internet have been affecting low-income communities and small entrepreneurs from Bangladesh to South Africa. The general conclusion is sobering. NICT is no panacea for low productivity and profitability in emerging countries hampered by weak infrastructure, limited managerial expertise, poor quality control, and severe market distortions. Companies anywhere must nonetheless be “wired” to have any chance of competing in the global marketplace and perhaps reach hitherto inaccessible customers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099562-en
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  • 94
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    Impact of the Adoption of Advanced Information and Communication Technologies on Firm Performance in the Canadian Manufacturing Sector (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Canada
    Abstract: This paper investigates the evolution of the industrial structure in the Canadian manufacturing sector and its relationship to technological change by examining the take-up of advanced technologies and how it is related to the stochastic growth process in the plant population. Its framework is grounded in the view that growth is a stochastic process that involves learning. Experimentation with new technologies rewards some firms with superior growth and profitability. Examining how growth is associated with the choice of different technology strategies indicates which of these is being rewarded. The evolution of this process is studied by examining the relationship between the uptake of advanced technologies and the performance of plants in the manufacturing sector. This is done by using crosssectional data on advanced technology use and by combining it with longitudinal panel data on plant performance. In particular, the paper examines the relationship between the use of information ...
    DOI: 10.1787/027538012864
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    Statistics on New Enterprises, Entrepreneurs and Survival of Start-Ups : The Danish Experience (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/07
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Denmark
    Abstract: The paper describes the methodology elaborated and used by Statistics Denmark to produce statistics on new enterprises. Statistics Denmark has developed its statistical monitoring of new enterprises based solely on the use of administrative registers. The paper also lists the indicators developed for measuring the new enterprises, the persons behind these enterprises – the new entrepreneurs, both men and women – and their qualifications. The ultimate goal of any policy targeting new enterprise start-ups is not only the creation but also the survival of the new enterprises in order to create new job possibilities and new products and services in today’s rapidly changing economy. Statistics Denmark has developed a longitudinal database as an analytical tool enabling policy makers to evaluate the programmes for new enterprises. It includes all new enterprises and enables the identification and modelling of indicators that are significant for the survival of new enterprises ...
    DOI: 10.1787/470282443084
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  • 96
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    Use of Plant-Level Micro-Data for the Evaluation of SME Innovation Policy in Japan (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/12
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Japan
    Abstract: Japan’s SME policies have reached a turning point. The traditional policy of “lifting up SMEs” has been changed into a more pro-competitive policy to foster entrepreneurship and innovation in SMEs. This paper evaluates this policy and the new innovation promotion schemes initiated by METI through an examination of plant-level micro data. Longitudinal micro-data from the Census of Manufacturing are linked to the list of firms participating in SME innovation policy schemes under the Law on Creative Activities in SMEs and the Law on Supporting Business Innovation in SMEs. The plant-level pattern of industrial dynamics suggests that both policies for new business start-ups and for innovation creation in existing firms are important. In addition, positive effects on sales growth are observed for firms that participate in the programme on Creative Activity Laws ...
    DOI: 10.1787/754607664810
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  • 97
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    The Role of Exit and Entry in Australian Productivity Growth (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Australia
    Abstract: The central aim of this paper is to report findings from an Australian study of the influence of firm dynamics on labour productivity growth during Australia’s productivity surge in the 1990s. Like studies of other countries, the within-firm effects are found to dominate net entry and exit effects. While the time interval is relatively short (three years) and the representativeness of the sample is open to question, the findings suggest that Australian firms behaved more in line with the “US model” than with the “European model”. The paper also raises a number of data issues in using the Business Longitudinal Survey for this kind of analysis ...
    DOI: 10.1787/340288838242
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    Frascati Manual 2002 : Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199040
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de Frascati 2002 ; Méthode type proposée pour les enquêtes sur la recherche et le développement expérimental
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002; Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Lithuanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de Frascati 2002; Proposta de Práticas Exemplares para Inquéritos sobre Investigação e Desenvolvimento Experimental
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002; Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de Frascati 2002 : Méthode type proposée pour les enquêtes sur la recherche et le développement expérimental
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Lithuanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de Frascati 2002: Proposta de Práticas Exemplares para Inquéritos sobre Investigação e Desenvolvimento Experimental
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Frascati Manual 2002: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: The internationally recognized methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for compiling statistics. This updated edition contains improved guidelines adjusted for changes in OECD economies, including measurement of service-sector R&D, R&D globalisation, and R&D human resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199040-en
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  • 99
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    Broadband Infrastructure Deployment : The Role of Government Assistance (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2002/15
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The potential economic importance of electronic commerce, and the role of broadband in supporting e-commerce, has increasingly led governments to place emphasis on facilitating access to broadband networks. To a large extent the emphasis has been on a range of policies aimed at supporting development and diffusion of high speed network capability in the local loop. Although broadband infrastructure deployment is in the process of development and the extent to which it will cover entire populations or geographic areas is still not clear, governments appear to want to accelerate the infrastructure investment. There is a wide range of government initiatives structured in different ways and their underlying justifications are often quite different. In this context, the main concern of this paper is to examine whether these initiatives are efficient in spurring broadband deployment and to what extent governments should be involved. The paper argues that government policies should ...
    DOI: 10.1787/168381487364
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Best Practice Examples under the OECD Guidelines on Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.61
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Exemples de bonnes pratiques relatives aux lignes directrices de l'OCDE régissant la protection des consommateurs dans le contexte du commerce électronique
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This set of best practice examples provides additional practical guidance to governments, businesses and consumers on several aspects of the 1999 Guidelines.
    DOI: 10.1787/233574467655
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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