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  • English  (393)
  • 2010-2014  (393)
  • 1925-1929
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (368)
  • Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.  (15)
  • Boston, MA : Springer US  (10)
  • Education  (393)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 87-105 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:87-105
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 87-105
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:87-105
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: In this article, the author discusses the professionalisation of university courses, noting that there are two different views concerning the mission of universities: the dissemination of knowledge and training highly skilled workers to benefit national economies. He explains that in France, for many years, due to the singularity of the organisation of its higher educational system, it was assumed that universities were not concerned with the professionalisation of degree courses. But from the 1960s onwards, there was a change that consisted in introducing vocational courses into universities. This movement is taking on a new form in the 2010s: the aim is to professionalise general courses to improve young graduates’ employability. To achieve this goal, the state provides subsidies to universities, partly on the basis of the employment rate of graduates. The author concludes that this situation may prove untenable for universities.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 57-85 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:57-85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 57-85
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:57-85
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper first discusses the theoretical approaches regarding the choice of participating in post-secondary (or “higher”) education, starting with a presentation of the standard neoclassical economics approach, and then adding concepts taken from the emerging behavioural economics literature to take into account “cultural” factors that affect access. The paper then presents the results of an empirical analysis based on a very rich Canadian dataset, the Youth in Transition Survey, which follows youth from ages 15 to 25. It includes remarkably detailed information on family and other background factors, as well as schooling experiences, which provides evidence that points to the importance of cultural influences on PSE choices. Policy implications are then discussed.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 145-160 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:145-160
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 145-160
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:145-160
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: This article examines the early outcomes of the policy reforms that aim to increase substantially the proportion of Australians with a bachelor’s degree and improve equity of access. The changes rely on student choices dictating the flow and overall volume of government funding. The authors analyse the new policies and their implications for students and higher education institutions, focussing on: i) the initial evidence of impact on student numbers and the nature of the patterns of growth; ii) the effects on equity and the mix of students enrolled, both overall and between institutions; iii) the impact of increasing enrolments on government fiscal constraints and the pressure on student charges; iv) ensuring learning outcomes for all students and high-level outcomes for the most capable; and v) the role of universities and the place of other higher education providers in an increasingly diverse system.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 37-55 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:37-55
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 37-55
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:37-55
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: Globalisation of higher education is critical to achieving many of higher education’s highest goals. This paper analyses the results of a survey of over 5000 Indian private high-school students (Skinkle and Embleton, 2011) revealing that 21% are seriously considering international education (IE). Those considering IE often stated their motivations as including improving leadership skills, meeting new people and giving back to society. There is however little research concerning the goals (and practices) of higher education institutions in relation to the aspirations of IE students. A primary motivation for many institutions is financial. The authors integrate the results of the survey with an empirical study of 65 Canadian professorial and administrative leaders at both colleges and universities, from 54 diverse institutions across Canada, to provide critical analyses of perceived benefits, threats and desired outcomes of IE in higher education. Strategic imperatives for IE management are presented.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 127-144 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:127-144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 127-144
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:127-144
    Keywords: Education ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Abstract: This paper examines the history of the management of the higher education sector in Tanzania. It reveals that government policies and management styles throughout the period from 1961 to the early 2000s created a culture of resistance within the higher education institutions, leading to struggles and many attempts to change the management of the sector. The authors analyse the effects of management practices in higher education and propose a model of institutional change that yields positive outcomes based on institutional needs and those of the academic faculty members.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9781461475798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 369 p. 60 illus., 35 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Educational psychology ; Education ; Education ; Educational psychology
    Abstract: Teaching and Measuring Cognitive Readiness presents theoretical and empirical findings regarding cognitive readiness and assessments of their impact on adult learning. Specific topics discussed are: The need for cognitive readiness instructional and assessment strategies The need to integrate assessment into cognitive readiness training The need for theory-driven evaluation studies to increase knowledge and efficacy in teaching cognitive readiness The need for a solid psychometric approach to the use of cognitive readiness assessments. This book will prove invaluable to anyone interested in the emerging topic of cognitive readiness for its comprehensive treatment of the topic with focused and informative chapters and exhaustive resources and practical tips
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefacePart I Theory/Context -- What Is Cognitive Readiness? -- The Evolving Definition of Cognitive Readiness for Military Operations -- Learning and Assessment: 21st Century Skills and Cognitive Readiness -- A Model for Instruction and Assessment of Cognitive Readiness -- Situational Load and Personal Attributes: Implications for Cognitive Readiness, Adaptive Readiness, and Training -- The Development and Assessment of Cognitive Readiness: Lessons Learned from K-12 Education -- Cognitive Readiness for Solving Equations -- What Problem Solvers Know: Cognitive Readiness for Adaptive Problem Solving -- A Theoretically-Based Approach to Cognitive Readiness and Situation Awareness Assessment -- Adaptive Expertise and Cognitive Readiness: A Perspective from the Expert-Performance Approach -- Part II Cognitive Readiness Applications -- Creative Thinking Abilities: Measures for Various Domains -- Using Analogies as a Basis for Teaching Cognitive Readiness -- Simulation Assessment of Cognitive Readiness -- Assessing Cognitive Readiness in a Simulation-based Training Environment -- Software Support for Teaching and Measuring Cognitive Readiness -- Cognitive Readiness for Complex Team Performance -- Impact of Individual Game-Based Training on Team Cognitive Readiness.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 7-36 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:7-36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 7-36
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:7-36
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: How higher education institutions are managed is one of the most decisive factors in achieving institutional goals. The key role that university governance plays in the improvement of education quality has been the focus of attention in MENA economies since 2009. In this article, the authors present the findings of a screening tool developed as a benchmarking exercise that assesses the extent to which universities in the MENA region are following governance practices aligned with their institutional goals and international trends, and monitors their progress over time. They present the results of testing the methodology of the screening tool in a sample of universities in Egypt, Morocco, the PalestinianAuthority and Tunisia comparing them across five dimensions: 1) context, mission and goals; 2) management orientation; 3) autonomy; 4) accountability; and 5) participation. The findings highlight vivid differences, especially notable in between private and public institutions.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Financial education for youth
    DDC: 332
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finanzwissen ; Schule ; Schüler ; Unterricht ; Jugendliche ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Finance and Investment ; Schüler ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Bildung ; OECD
    Abstract: The importance of financial literacy and specifically the need to promote financial education has been recognised as an important contributor to improved financial inclusion and individuals’ financial well-being as well as a support to financial stability. The relevance of financial education policies is acknowledged at the highest global policy level: in 2012, G20 Leaders endorsed the OECD/INFE High-level Principles on National Strategies for Financial Education that specifically identify youth as one of the priority targets of government policies in this domain. That same year, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministers of Finance identified financial literacy as a critical life skill. The publication addresses the challenges linked to the introduction of financial education in schools, and provides practical guidance and case studies to assist policy makers, and a comparative analysis of existing learning frameworks for financial education in the formal school system.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.46
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les devoirs entretiennent-ils les inégalités en matière d'éducation ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Les devoirs entretiennent-ils les inégalités en matière d'éducation ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: While most 15-year-old students spend part of their after-school time doing homework, the amount of time they spend on it shrank between 2003 and 2012. Socio-economically advantaged students and students who attend socio-economically advantaged schools tend to spend more time doing homework. While the amount of homework assigned is associated with mathematics performance among students and schools, other factors are more important in determining the performance of school systems as a whole.
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.111
    Keywords: Education ; Poland
    Abstract: This case study explores the strategies, processes and outcomes of an education reform in Poland which was introduced in 2009 and substantively changed the school inspection system. Its analysis looks in particular at the co-operation between the central and the local level throughout the implementation of the programme. In order to address the shortcomings of the prior inspection system, the reform combined internal and external evaluation in school supervision practice and put greater emphasis on collaboration among stakeholders. The results of the analysis show that the reform has had a great impact on the organisation of inspectorates, introducing modern principles such as teamwork and self-evaluation. Also, it affected the attitudes of important actors in the education system regarding the relevance of data to support internal and external school evaluation. The overall goals and aims of the reform gained the support of the various stakeholders. However, the implementation and communication processes were seen as deficient, especially in terms of a lack of capacity to roll out the reform as well as a lack of trust/disbelief that evaluation can be used for improvement, rather than the expected punitive purposes. Nevertheless, the reform achieved first structural steps towards building a culture of self-evaluation, which had thus far not been part of the Polish education system.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quel avantage salarial le niveau de formation procure-t-il ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Rising levels of tertiary attainment seem not to have led to an “inflation” eroding the labour-market value of qualifications. However, tertiary graduates have the highest relative earnings advantage when they live in a country with low tertiary attainment rates. On average, compared to those with an upper secondary education, tertiary-educated adults earn about 1.6 times more than their peers, while individuals without an upper secondary education earn 24% less. Higher educational attainment and literacy skills increase earnings, but the advantages are more pronounced for men than for women and seem to increase as adults get older. The crisis has widened the wage gap between less educated and highly educated individuals: across OECD countries, the average difference in earnings from employment between these two groups increased from 75 percentage points in 2008 to 79 percentage points in 2012. Qualifications are more rewarded than skills: attaining a higher level of education has a stronger positive impact on earnings than better literacy proficiency.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264298781
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (203 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Norwegen ; Education ; Employment ; Norway ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are central to Norway’s future prosperity and the well-being of its people. This diagnostic report identifies 12 skills challenges for Norway which were distilled from a series of interactive diagnostic workshops held in the course of 2013 with a wide range of stakeholders in Oslo, Buskerud County and Nordland County. The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Norway draws upon a wide range of OECD comparative data and analysis to illustrate each skills challenge and offers insights from the experience of other countries in tackling similar skills challenges. The first nine skills challenges refer to specific outcomes across the three pillars of developing, activating and using skills. The last three skills challenges refer to the “enabling” conditions which strengthen the overall skills system.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264216075
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guide TALIS 2013 à l'intention des enseignants ; Enquête internationale sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This publication not only presents the main results of TALIS 2013, it also takes those findings and, backed by the research literature on education and the large body of OECD work on education, offers insights and advice to teachers and school leaders on how they can improve teaching and learning in their schools. It is both a guide through TALIS and a handbook for building excellence into teaching.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Que nous apprend TALIS sur les enseignants des différents niveaux d'enseignement ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Que nous apprend TALIS sur les enseignants des différents niveaux d'enseignement ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The report New insights from TALIS 2013: Teaching and learning in primary and upper secondary education (OECD, 2014a) presents an overview of teachers and teaching in primary and upper secondary education for a sample of countries that participated in the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) in 2013. Women represent the majority of the teaching workforce for most countries at all levels of education. Despite this and the fact that most principals are former teachers, significantly fewer principals are women at all education levels. Primary teachers tend to work in schools where principals report material and personnel shortages that hinder the delivery of quality education more often than upper secondary teachers. Moreover, schools with high proportion of socio-economically disadvantaged students face greater shortages in terms of key resources in many countries. This further exacerbates the already-challenging circumstances for teachers and students.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD skills strategy diagnostic report
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Österreich ; Education ; Employment ; Austria ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are central to Austria’s future prosperity and the well-being of its people. The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Austria identifies 14 skills challenges for Austria. The project and this report build on both the insights from workshops as well as latest international comparative analysis from OECD and national sources. The report provides cases illustrating how other countries have tackled similar challenges, which can be used as input to potential policy options on how to tackle these challenges. The challenges are described under each of the main pillars of the OECD Skills Strategy. The first 11 challenges refer to specific outcomes across the three pillars of developing, activating and using skills. The next three challenges refer to the “enabling” conditions which strengthen the overall skills system. Success in tackling these skills challenges will boost performance across the whole skills system.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1119
    Keywords: Fachkräfte ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Qualifikation ; Berufsbildung ; Lohnbildung ; Hochschule ; Einwanderung ; Behinderte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Dänemark ; Education ; Economics ; Denmark ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Surveys suggest that Denmark ranks close to or slightly above the OECD average in terms of student and adult skills, even though Denmark spends more than many OECD countries on education, labour market policies and adult learning. Sluggish productivity growth over the past two decades raises the question of how to develop better skills and use them more efficiently to achieve stronger and more inclusive growth. Improving the performance of compulsory and tertiary education would help all students acquire the right skills. Ensuring adults upgrade their skills is another key challenge, which involves strengthening the adult learning system. Reforms of taxation and of the wage setting system in the public sector would promote a better allocation of skills economy-wide. Finally, to activate skills more broadly, reforms to raise labour market participation should continue and the efficiency of active labour market policies will have to be increased further. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of Denmark (www.oecd.org/economic-surveydenmark. htm).
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1139
    Keywords: 2060 ; Regulierung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Einkommensverteilung ; Bildung ; Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Income and earning inequality has been on the rise in most of the OECD and in many emerging economies since the 1980s. This paper estimates a model of earnings inequality across OECD countries that incorporates determinants of relative demand and supply of more and less-skilled labour. Drawing on OECD data we find that skill-biased technological change – measured as a common cross-country time trend and the level of multi factor productivity – has been the key driver in increasing earning differentials. The analysis also shows that educational attainment has mitigated the impact of skill-biased technological change on earning differentials, but has in most countries been unable to fully compensate. In line with previous OECD analysis, changes in structural policies and labour market institutions, such as deregulation of product and labour markets have exerted upward pressure on inequality. The estimated model is used to decompose historical changes in earning differentials and to construct forward looking scenarios up to 2060. If the common cross-country trend of skill-biased technological change observed during the last 25 years prevails, earning differentials will on average increase by almost 30% in the OECD by 2060. Finally, the model is used to simulate the consequences of alternative policy scenarios over the coming 50 years.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1144
    Keywords: Frauen ; Lohnstruktur ; Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung ; Bildung ; Personalführung ; Schweiz ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Switzerland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Swiss women are now as well educated as their male counterparts. However, progress remains to be made in the job market where both the supply and price of female labour are below that of men. While the participation rate for women is high and rising, it is offset by a heavy incidence of part-time work, reflecting both personal preferences and factors that limit their labour supply. The lack and high cost of childcare options for parents, as well as burdensome marginal income tax rates for second earners, create disincentives to work more. A falling but persistent net (i.e. unexplained) wage gap of about 7% in favour of men, coupled with under-representation of women as managers and entrepreneurs, further reduce the incentive for women to take full advantage of their high levels of human capital. Priority should be given to removing those barriers by increasing public spending on childcare and out-of-school-hours care at the cantonal and municipal levels. Existing regulations regarding childcare provision should also be investigated to see whether a broader range of price and quality childcare options is feasible. The implicit tax penalty for married women should also be removed, as the Federal Council is currently considering. More flexibility in working arrangements could further alleviate women’s cost of reconciling work and family life. For instance, facilitating flexi-time, annualised hours, job-sharing, part-time and telework options for both women and men, and creating paternity and/or consecutive, take-it-or-leave-it parental leave could facilitate transition in and out of the labour market. Increasing competition in product markets should help reduce the wage gap by replacing old habits with the hunt for talent regardless of gender. Finally, a corporate governance code in favour of a more equal representation of women in leadership positions, and setting ambitious quantitative targets for women on boards combined with the “Comply or Explain” practise, or quotas, should help remove the so-called glass ceiling. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Review of Switzerland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Switzerland).
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1143
    Keywords: Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Betriebliche Ausbildung ; Binnenwanderung ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Kanada ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Canada ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills shortages have developed in certain fields and regions in recent years. Earnings premiums for people in some professions, notably health, engineering and skilled trades have increased. And vacancy rates have risen for skilled trades, with the increase being particularly large in Alberta and Saskatchewan. While reforms have been implemented to strengthen adjustment so as to overcome these shortages, there is still room to go further by improving labour market information, increasing responsiveness of the education and training system to labour market demand, making the immigration system more reactive to current labour market conditions and reducing regulatory barriers to inter-provincial labour mobility. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Review of Canada (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-canada.htm).
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1141
    Keywords: 1995-2008 ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Fachkräfte ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Außenhandel ; Lieferkette ; Input-Output-Analyse ; Welt ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We propose a new method to analyse the changing skills structure of employment in countries based on the input-output structure of the world economy. Demand for jobs, characterized by skill type and industry of employment, is driven by changes in technology, trade and consumption. Using structural decomposition analysis, we study the relative importance of these drivers for the period 1995-2008. In doing so, we derive a new measure of technological change in vertically integrated production chains and show that it has been skill-biased. We find that skill-biased technological change has played the most important role in the different employment growth rates of high-skilled, medium-skilled and low-skilled labour in advanced countries. For emerging countries, the patterns of employment growth are very heterogeneous.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Titulaires de doctorats : Qui sont-ils et que deviennent-ils après l'obtention de leur diplôme ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Many countries have implemented reforms to develop and support doctoral studies and postdoctoral research, stressing the crucial role of doctorate students and degree holders in terms of economic growth, innovation and scientific research. The number of advanced research qualifications being awarded across OECD countries significantly increased over the past decade, growing from 158 000 new doctorates in 2000 to 247 000 in 2012, a rise of 56%. International students get one in five of these new doctorates. Even though the share of women in doctorate programmes has increased over the last decade (as in other levels of education), by 2012 women were still less likely than men to earn an advanced research qualification. On average, individuals with advanced research qualifications benefit from higher employment rates compared to other university-level graduates (Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees combined). The business enterprise sector offers better wages for new doctorate holders than the higher education and government sectors, but also unequal opportunities, depending on the field in which they graduate.
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.100
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Higher education plays an important role in providing people with skills for innovation, but a number of important questions remain as to what kind of higher education teaching can be conducive to the strengthening of skills for innovation. This report aims to shed light on this issue by reviewing the current evidence on the effectiveness of problem-based learning compared with more traditional approaches in higher education teaching. It explores the extent to which problem-based learning can be an effective way to develop different discipline-specific and transferable skills for innovation. Research, primarily from the field of medicine, shows that problem-based learning appears to be beneficial in fostering certain aspects of skills for innovation. In addition, the report explores the literature on direct teaching behaviours that may help foster student learning in more traditional teaching settings. Despite the promising evidence linking problem-based learning and effective teaching in higher education to certain aspects of skills for innovation, more work is needed in this area. There is strong potential for further research to provide additional important insights into the development of skills for innovation.
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.103
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper evaluates measurement invariance of complex scales from a social survey using both a continuous approach and a categorical approach to help inform future decisions in choosing the most appropriate methods to perform the validation of complex scales. In particular, continuous and categorical approaches are compared for constructing and validating 11 complex scales across 23 countries participating in the first round of the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS). Two invariance testing approaches were compared – 1) continuous multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis; 2) categorical multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis. Latent variable modelling was employed to account for the complex structure of the relationships between many items in each scale. The performance of the models is reported and illustrated based on the evaluation of the level of measurement invariance. All of the scales established configural and metric levels of invariance from both approaches, and three scales established scalar invariance from the categorical approach, allowing for a meaningful mean score comparison across countries. Limitations of the models compared in this study and future considerations for construction and validation of scaling complex scales are discussed.
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  • 24
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Que choisissent d'étudier les nouveaux inscrits de l'enseignement tertiaire ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The social sciences are the most popular field for non-vocational tertiary education programmes. One in three new students choose a programme in social sciences, business and law. Gender equality has been virtually achieved in many fields of study, especially in social sciences and services but significant gender differences persist in computing and engineering (maledominated) and in health and welfare and education (female-dominated). Almost one in four international students in OECD countries follow programmes in the field of business and administration (23%). The proportion of international students from fields oriented to the public function such as education (3%) or health and welfare (9%) is lower on average.
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  • 25
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.36
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La profession des parents a-t-elle un impact sur la performance des élèves ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Students whose parents work in professional occupations generally outperform other students in mathematics, while students whose parents work in elementary occupations tend to underachieve compared to their peers. The strength of the relationship between parents’ occupations and student performance varies considerably across countries: for example, when it comes to mathematics performance, the children of cleaners in Shanghai-China outperform the children of professionals in the United States, and the children of professionals in Germany outperform the children of professionals in Finland, on average. Finland and Japan achieve high levels of performance by ensuring that the children of parents who work in elementary occupations are given the same education opportunities and the same encouragement as the children of professionals.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.102
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper describes key aspects of the frameworks for the assessment of adult numeracy and mathematical literacy in PIAAC and PISA, which are OECD two flagship programs for international comparative assessment of competencies. The paper examines commonalities and differences in how the constructs of adult numeracy and mathematical literacy were assessed in PIAAC and PISA, and sketches selected challenges associated with interpretation of results from these surveys.
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  • 27
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.45
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les pays dont la performance moyenne est élevée dans l'enquête PISA conservent-ils leur avance une fois leurs élèves devenus adultes ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Countries where 15-year-old students perform at high standards internationally tend to be the same countries where these young adults tend to perform well at the age of 26 to 28. School systems need to ensure that their students perform at a high level by the time they complete compulsory schooling and that these skills are maintained and further developed thereafter.
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  • 28
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Commentaires aux enseignants : Un potentiel inexploité
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Across countries and economies participating in the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), a majority of teachers report receiving feedback on different aspects of their work in their schools. Teacher feedback has a developmental focus, with many teachers reporting that it leads to improvements in their teaching practices, and other aspects of their work. However, not all feedback is seen as meaningful: nearly half of the teachers across TALIS countries report that teacher appraisal and feedback systems in their school are largely undertaken simply to fulfil administrative requirements. Teachers who consider that they receive meaningful feedback on their work also tend to have more confidence in their own abilities and to have higher job satisfaction.
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  • 29
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.37
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Réussite : les élèves sont-ils motivés ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: When students believe that investing effort in learning will make a difference, they score significantly higher in mathematics. The fact that large proportions of students in most countries consistently believe that student achievement is mainly a product of hard work, rather than inherited intelligence, suggests that education and its social context can make a difference in instilling values that foster success in education. Teachers’ use of cognitive-activation strategies, such as giving students problems that require them to think for an extended time, presenting problems for which there is no immediately obvious way of arriving at a solution, and helping students to learn from their mistakes, is associated with students’ drive. Students whose teachers set clear goals for learning and offer feedback on their performance in mathematics also tend to report higher levels of perseverance and openness to problem solving.
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  • 30
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.41
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gestion de l'argent : Que savent les élèves de 15 ans ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: On average across the 13 OECD countries and economies that participated in the PISA financial literacy assessment, 10% of students can analyse complex financial products and solve non-routine financial problems, while 15% can, at best, make simple decisions about everyday spending, and recognise the purpose of everyday financial documents, such as an invoice. In 17 out of the 18 participating countries and economies, boys and girls show similar skills in financial literacy. However, among students with comparable performance in mathematics and reading, boys perform better than girls in financial literacy in 11 out of 18 countries and economies.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.39
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Existe-t-il un lien entre le regroupement et la sélection des élèves et leur motivation à l'égard de l'apprentissage ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: On average across OECD countries, students who are highly motivated to learn mathematics because they believe it will help them later on score better in mathematics – by the equivalent of half a year of schooling – than students who are not highly motivated. Students’ motivation to learn mathematics is lower in education systems that sort and group students into different schools and/or programmes.
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 107-125 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:107-125
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 107-125
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:107-125
    Keywords: Education ; Turkey
    Abstract: This study explores the extent to which European lecturers experience barriers to participation in the Erasmus programme in relation to Turkey. The evidence indicates that, although the number of Turkish lecturers who participate in the programme has constantly been increasing, mobility from the European Union (EU) to Turkey is low. A question arises as to what measures should be taken to reduce obstacles to the academic mobility and to improve attractiveness to the Turkish higher education institutions (HEIs) to European academics. In order to understand how mobility might be increased, the study investigates key drivers and barriers that might hinder mobility and draws conclusions about ways to improve participation.
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  • 33
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 3-4 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:3-4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 3-4
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:3-4
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The Higher Education Management and Policy journal was first published in 1977 under the title International Journal of Institutional Management in Higher Education, then Higher Education Management from 1989 to 2001.
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  • 34
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 161-176 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:161-176
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 161-176
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:161-176
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Over the past two decades, many colleges and universities established physical presences in foreign countries. The development of such foreign educational outposts has meant that institutions have had to learn how to manage across geopolitical borders. This study used interviews with senior officials at institutions operating one or more international branch campuses to identify the three primary areas of oversight of concern to multinational universities: faculty, curriculum and finances. In each of these areas, the authors identify differing managerial strategies used by institutions and explore how these strategies relate to whether the branch is viewed as an integrated or separated component of the institution’s governance structure.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.107
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper investigated the effects of response styles in cross-cultural contexts. The authors used data on social desirability, extreme and midpoint responding, and the scale scores of 17 constructs related to the teaching profession, which were collected from 76,887 teachers in 18 countries in the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS). Main findings are: (1) a 10-item social desirability scale demonstrated partial invariance of a positive and a negative impression management factor; (2) a general response style, representing a continuum ranging from response amplification to moderation, was extracted with social desirability and extreme responding as positive indicators and midpoint responding as a negative indicator; (3) social desirability and the general response style at the country level were negatively correlated with country affluence and educational achievement; (4) social desirability and the general response style were more strongly correlated with constructs of teacher efficacy and job satisfaction than other constructs at both the individual and country level; and (5) correction of response styles had negligible effects on cross-cultural differences in these constructs.
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  • 36
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: Trends Shaping Education Spotlights no.5
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: ICT has influenced almost all aspects of our lives and has changed the way we communicate, work and socialize. Education plays a key role in ensuring that everyone can reap the benefits of our technology-rich world, as well as help mitigate some of the risks.
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  • 37
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.38
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trouver des solutions créatives : Quelles sont les compétences des jeunes de 15 ans en résolution de problèmes ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: To do well on PISA’s first assessment of creative problem-solving skills, students need to be open to novelty, tolerate doubt and uncertainty, and dare to use intuition to initiate a solution. Just because a student performs well in core school subjects doesn’t mean he or she is proficient in problem solving. In Australia, Brazil, Italy, Japan, Korea, Macao China, Serbia, England (United Kingdom) and the United States, students perform significantly better in problem solving, on average, than students in other countries who show similar performance in reading, mathematics and science. Many of the best performers in problem solving are Asian countries and economies, where students demonstrate high levels of reasoning skills and self-directed learning. Meanwhile, compared to students of similar overall performance, students in Brazil, Ireland, Korea and the United States perform strongest on interactive problems that require students to uncover useful information by exploring the problem situation and gather feedback on the effect of their actions.
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  • 38
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.43
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les élèves défavorisés sont-ils plus susceptibles de redoubler ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: One in eight students across OECD countries has repeated a grade at least once before the age of 15. Many countries reduced the rate of grade repetition between 2003 and 2012. One in five disadvantaged 15-year-olds has repeated a grade. Even among students with similar academic performance, the likelihood of repeating a grade is one-and-a-half times greater for disadvantaged students than for advantaged students.
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.105
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: A country’s level of human capital – the knowledge and skills in the population – has a strong bearing on its economic potential for growth and prosperity. On the other hand, its level of social inequality might prevent prosperity to be shared in equitable ways across the population. This papers looks at the relationship between the distribution of numeracy skills in the population to measures of economic prosperity (per capita GDP) and social inequality (Gini coefficient). Country-level correlations between various measures of the skills dispersion and these two indicators are presented. The correlations suggest that a higher numeracy skills dispersion is related to higher social inequality. A higher share of low-skilled adults relates positively with greater social inequality, while a higher share of high-skilled adults seems to be related with higher levels of economic output.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.40
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La préscolarisation est-elle accessible à ceux qui en ont le plus besoin ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Attendance in pre-primary education is associated with better student performance later on. Fifteen-year-old students in 2012 were more likely than 15-year-olds in 2003 to have attended at least one year of pre-primary education. The gap in pre-primary attendance rates between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged pupils is growing.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Valorisation et satisfaction professionnelles : Qu'est-ce qui aide les enseignants ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Less than one in three teachers across countries participating in the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2013 believes that the teaching profession is valued by society. Nevertheless, the great majority of teachers in all surveyed countries are happy with their jobs. Challenging classrooms with large proportions of students with behavioural problems and the perception that appraisals and feedback are done simply as administrative tasks are among factors that tend to lower job satisfaction. Collaboration between teachers and positive teacher-student relationships, on the other hand, are among factors that can boost teacher job satisfaction.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.108
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Trust is indispensable for social and economic relations; it is the glue that holds organisations together and appears to work somehow mysteriously. Overall, trust is a ubiquitous ingredient in policymaking and implementation across many governance systems including education, whether it concerns accountability mechanisms, capacity building or strategic thinking. Yet our understanding, conceptualisation and measurement of these issues remain limited. This working paper asks the question: what is trust and how does it matter for governance, especially in education systems? It explores why trust is key for policymaking and where it fits within current governance issues. The paper examines different definitions of trust, presents various ways of measuring trust and discusses some of their benefits and limitations. It proposes a definition of trust made up of three parts: trust as an expectation, a willingness to be vulnerable and a risk-taking act. The paper then presents a simple model of trust and governance and reviews the relationship between trust and different elements in education systems, such as complexity, asymmetries in information and power, collaboration/cooperation, monitoring and accountability, and professionalisation. It concludes with some policy findings and identifies several research gaps.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Combien de temps les élèves du primaire et du premier cycle du secondaire passent-ils en classe ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Students in OECD countries are expected to receive a total of 7 751 hours of instruction on average during their primary and lower secondary education – the bulk of that time is compulsory. In general, the higher the level of education, the greater the number of instruction hours a year. Reading, mathematics and science take up around 50% of the compulsory curricular time in primary education but only 40% at the lower secondary level. The wide variation in instruction hours across OECD countries suggests there is little consensus on the most effective policies related to school time.
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  • 44
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.26
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'envie d'apprendre vient en apprenant : Participation des adultes à la formation tout au long de la vie
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, participation rates in adult education and learning are over 60%, but they are one-third – or below – in Italy, the Russian Federation and the Slovak Republic. The more highly educated adults are, the more likely they are to continue with adult education and learning: about 70% of adults with a tertiary qualification participated, compared with just 27% among adults who did not complete upper secondary education. Employed adults are more likely to participate in adult education and learning: in half of the countries, the difference in participation between employed and unemployed individuals is more than 15 percentage points. Motivation encourages participation in adult education and learning: countries where a significant proportion of adults express a desire for more education also show the highest levels of participation.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Une direction solide pour de meilleurs établissements
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: According to the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), principals, on average, report frequently engaging in a number of activities that are consistent with instructional leadership. However, this is not the case in every country and large proportions of them report that their training did not include any instructional leadership training or course. Although continuous professional development could help fill those gaps, many school leaders report a number of obstacles preventing them from taking part in such learning, including a lack of support and opportunities, and personal and professional obstacles.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.35
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Absentéisme des élèves : Prévalence et conséquences
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, 18% of students skipped classes at least once in the two weeks prior to the PISA test, and 15% of students skipped a day of school or more over the same period. Few students in high-performing school systems skip classes or days of school. For students in OECD countries, skipping classes is associated with a 32-point lower score in mathematics, while skipping days of school is associated with a 52-point lower score. Truancy is observed among all students, whether advantaged or disadvantaged.
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.110
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: IQ tests and achievement tests do not capture non-cognitive skills — personality traits, goals, character and motivations that are valued in the labour market, in school and elsewhere. For many outcomes, their predictive power rivals or exceeds that of cognitive skills. Skills are stable across situations with different incentives. Skills are not immutable over the life cycle. While they have a genetic basis they are also shaped by environments, including families, schools and peers. Skill development is a dynamic process. The early years are important in shaping all skills and in laying the foundations for successful investment and intervention in the later years. During the early years, both cognitive and non-cognitive skills are highly malleable. During the adolescent years, non-cognitive skills are more malleable than cognitive skills. The differential plasticity of different skills by age has important implications for the design of effective policies.
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.109
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The governance of complex, decentralised, multi-level education systems poses two fundamental questions for both policy- and research discussions: What are innovative contemporary governance strategies for the central level in education systems? How can these approaches be described and analysed to identify commonalities that might help to understand how and if they work? In addressing these questions, this paper’s aim is twofold: first, to inform the policy-discussion by presenting empirical examples of new governance mechanisms that central governments use to steer systems across their levels; and second, to contribute to the conceptual discussion of how to categorise and analyse the evolution of new governance structures. To do so, the paper starts with identifying core features of multi-level governance and the respective conceptual gaps it produces. It then introduces a simple analytical categorisation of modes of governance. An analysis of three empirical cases (an institutionalised exchange between governance levels in Norway, a capacity building programme in Germany, and the Open Method of Coordination within the European Union) then shows how various education systems address these gaps and design the role of the central level in complex decision-making structures. A comparison of the three cases identifies – despite the heterogeneity of the cases – several communalities, such as multi-staged policy processes, transparency and publicity, and soft sanctions. The paper concludes that the Open Method of Coordination, even though often criticised for its inefficiencies, might serve as a promising template for national approaches to soft governance in education. Further research on OECD education systems is needed to gather more empirical examples; these may help to get a better understanding of what is needed for successful steering from the central level in decentralised contexts.
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  • 49
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.44
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Équité de l'affectation des ressources : Quels liens avec la performance des élèves ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: How educational resources are allocated is just as important as the amount of resources available. High-performing countries and economies tend to allocate resources more equitably across socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged schools. Among the countries with better-resourced schools, as reported by principals, equity in resource allocation is not related to the overall quality of resources.
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.104
    Keywords: Education ; Sweden
    Abstract: This case study examines the consequences of important education decentralisation reforms that took place in Sweden in the early 1990s. The sudden shift away from a traditionally centralised education system towards a decentralised one meant that municipalities had to quickly accommodate new responsibilities. Difficulties related to this shift were noticed early on and then confirmed by international surveys, in particular PISA, which revealed that student performance was deteriorating while the gap increased between and top- and bottom-performers. Key elements to this include the fact that decentralisation took place without enough support from the central authorities, municipalities (particularly smaller ones) lacked local capacity to manage their new responsibilities, and as a result the reform has resulted in a mismatch between official responsibilities and the actual powers of the various stakeholders. The central government, steering education at arm’s length, has few tools to incentivise compliance with national goals. At the municipal level, financial resources are often allocated based on tradition and local politics rather than actual needs. This is in part due to misuse of available data and of expert knowledge by decision-makers. The case study also provides a series of recommendations for improvement.
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  • 51
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.21
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le salaire des enseignants : Bien plus qu'une simple affaire de chiffres
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Teachers’ salaries increased in real terms between 2000 and 2011 in virtually all OECD countries, but mostly remain below those of other tertiary-educated workers. Statutory salaries for lower secondary school teachers with 15 years of experience are 35% higher than starting salaries in OECD countries. Among OECD countries, education systems that pay teachers more relative to their national income per capita tend to perform slightly better in mathematics as shown by the PISA study. An increasing number of countries are now targeting salary increases to attract high-level graduates in the profession, to retain the best teachers or to assign the most experienced teachers to disadvantaged schools.
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  • 52
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.20
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quel âge ont les enseignants ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: More than one-third of male primary school teachers in OECD countries are now over 50 years old. Across OECD countries, the average age of secondary school teachers has increased by one month every year in the last decade. Only a few countries have managed to develop policies which lower the average age of teachers significantly. Increasing the numbers of female teachers no longer lowers the average age, as the female teaching workforce is ageing faster than its male counterpart.
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  • 53
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.42
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Concurrence entre les établissements d'enseignement : Quand est-elle bénéfique ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In most school systems, over 50% of 15-year-olds students attend schools that compete with another school to attract students from the same residential area. Across countries and economies, performance is unrelated to whether or not schools have to compete for students. When choosing a school for their children, parents look at a range of criteria; for disadvantaged parents, cost-related factors often weigh as much as, if not more than, the factors related to the quality of instruction. School systems with low levels of competition among schools often have high levels of social inclusion, meaning that students from diverse social backgrounds attend the same schools. In contrast, in systems where parents can choose schools, and schools compete for enrolment, schools are often more socially segregated.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.95
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Many international comparisons of education over the past 50 years have included some measure of students’ opportunity to learn (OTL) in their schooling. Results have typically confirmed the common sense notion that a student’s exposure in school to the assessed concepts, operationalized in some sort of time metric, is related to what the student has learned as measured by the assessment. What has not been demonstrated is a connection between the specifics of what students have encountered through schooling and their performance on any sort of applied knowledge assessment such as PISA. This paper explores this issue in 2012 PISA which, for the first time, included several OTL items on the student survey. OTL demonstrated a significant relationship with student performance on both the main paper-and-pencil literacy assessment as well as the optional computer-based assessment at all three levels – country, school and student. In every country at least one if not all three of the constructed OTL indices – exposure to word problems, formal mathematics topics, and applied mathematics problems – demonstrated a significant relationship to the overall PISA measure of mathematics literacy as well as the four sub areas of change and relationships, shapes and space, quantity, and uncertainty and data. Additionally, results indicated that variability in OTL was related to student performance having implications for equality of opportunity.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.24
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'éducation : Un secteur innovant ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Education has one of the highest shares of innovative jobs for tertiary graduates of all sectors of the economy in Europe, and a higher proportion than in other public sector areas such as health and public administration. Innovation in knowledge or methods is the most common form of innovation, with education outperforming all sectors of the economy on this measure. Within education, higher education is much more innovative than the primary and secondary levels – and is one of the most innovative sectors of the economy in terms of innovation in knowledge or methods.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe À quel âge les étudiants obtiennent-ils leur premier diplôme universitaire ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, the median age students first graduated from university fell by 6 months between 2005 and 2011. The median age of first graduation ranges from around 22 in Belgium and the United Kingdom to over 27 in Iceland and Israel. The percentage of part-time students has increased from 19.8% in 2005 to 22.0% in 2011, suggesting that more flexible routes between study and work are slowly becoming more widespread. The percentage of older students (aged 30 and over) entering universities has remained constant at around 10%-11% on average between 2005 and 2011.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.106
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Recent demographic, economic and political trends have placed the issue of school size at the heart of school effectiveness and efficiency discussions. The subject of school size is particularly salient in remote and rural areas where the viability of small schools has been questioned. In spite of the relevance of school size policies, the literature on this issue is quite fragmented with few studies taking a comprehensive view on the implications of school size policies. This literature review attempts to bridge different strands of relevant research and describes existing country practices in order to provide a broader picture of the benefits and costs associated with different school sizes. The paper describes the different trends that have affected school enrolment and how different countries have managed school size policies, with a particular focus on school consolidation. It discusses the consequences of school consolidation and the alternatives to consolidation when schools are facing declining enrolment. It also reviews the different mechanisms through which school size affects the quality and efficiency of schools, and the existing empirical evidence on these effects.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 29-41 | volume:24 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:29-41
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 29-41
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:29-41
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Southern Cross University (SCU) has established a pathways college to increase access to and widen participation in higher education for people in regional areas of Australia. While many Australian universities have preparatory colleges associated with them, SCU College has been designed to make it unique in the sector. SCU College will operate under close contractual collaboration with the two vocational education institutes of Technical and Further Education (TAFE) in its footprint, North Coast TAFE and the Gold Coast Institute of TAFE. The core offerings of SCU College will be generic associate degrees in arts, business, allied health and science, offered on SCU campuses, at learning centres on the campuses of the three partners and by distance. Graduates from the College will be able to articulate into SCU degree courses. Survey data reveal that there are thousands of people in this region who are not qualified for direct entry into university, who do not wish to study at TAFE institutes and who are unable or unwilling to travel to study. The associate degrees are designed to provide generic skills for these people within a discipline context with enhanced study support from local College staff. The author demonstrates the process involved in creating the SCU pathways College noting that its creation fills an educational gap that responds to removing barriers and enhancing access, as well as successful outcomes noting that in detailing the main steps, strategies and design necessities involved may be of value for duplicating similar institutions, in Australia and elsewhere.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 99-113 | volume:24 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:99-113
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 99-113
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:99-113
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In this paper, the authors discuss the rationale behind making talent development at the PhD, post-doctoral and early career levels an equal fourth pillar of the university’s mission, alongside the more traditional pillars of the triple helix. Using Denmark and Aarhus University as a case study, the paper describes how increased institutional autonomy, and the critical mass that resulted from mergers, permitted organisational restructuring that supports the development of this talent strategy and its implementation. The “quadruple helix” model at Aarhus University is intended to support strategies that involve multiple disciplines and cut across the four key missions of the university: research, education, knowledge exchange and talent development. Most importantly, the organisational model increases the university’s ability to address the challenges and opportunities of the global knowledge society while maintaining quality and expanding supply.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 43-54 | volume:24 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:43-54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 43-54
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:43-54
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The authors present a case study discussing student-oriented initiatives to enhance academic achievement. They focus on the academic, psychosocial and motivational weaknesses of students showing how these can be overcome with strategic projects to aid students in their first year of higher education. The case study, a multi-million US dollar project at a regional, state-owned university, the University of Bío-Bío, occurred over a three-year span – 2007-10. The various initiatives created under the auspices of the project take into account the reality that 78.9% of the students are from the lower socio-economic quintiles of the population and have gaps in their linguistic and scientific knowledge, and lack the skills, learning attitudes, learning strategies and motivation necessary for success. By means of descriptive analysis and gap analysis, it is shown that the implementation of additional academic, psychosocial and motivational support initiatives reduce student dropout rates to 8.7% and 33.7% (in first and third year, respectively); reduce course completion times to 5.1, 5.6 and 7.7 years (in 4-, 5- and 6-year courses, respectively); improve employment, with satisfaction levels of 85% and 95% among graduates and employers; and increase accredited programmes by 82%. This article contributes to the body of knowledge focusing on methods to enhance national and international education systems, providing strategies to reduce the gap between students’ skills upon admission and those needed to attain academic success in higher education.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 85-98 | volume:24 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:85-98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 85-98
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:85-98
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Organisational culture and external quality assurance have both been presented as significant drivers of effectiveness, efficiency and excellence in higher education institutions. However, these assumptions have not been critically examined given the philosophical, conceptual and methodological contestations surrounding both constructs. A meta-theoretical analysis of organisational culture and external quality assurance was conducted followed by an empirical study into their interrelationship. The study found that organisational culture was ephemeral, multidimensional and characterised simultaneously by conflict, consensus and indifference and was in a constant state of flux. In addition, external quality assurance appears to have purposes that go beyond its stated morally just and public good motives. The research revealed that organisational culture demonstrated managerial, collegial, transformative and political characteristics, which closely resonated with the role of external quality assurance as an agent of control, empowerment, transformation and of the state, respectively. The study concluded that authentic and enduring academic quality would most likely result within the university when the empowerment and transformation roles strengthen the collegial and transformative cultures.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9781461489603
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 733 p. 126 illus., 104 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Series 15
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Productive multivocality in the analysis of group interactions
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Computer science ; Education ; Education ; Computer science
    Abstract: The key idea of this book is that scientific and practical advances can be obtained if researchers working in multiple traditions - including traditions that have been assumed to be mutually incompatible - make a concerted and sustained effort to engage in dialogue with each other by comparing and contrasting their understandings of a given phenomenon and considering how these different understandings can either complement or mutually elaborate on each other. This key idea applies to many fields, particularly in the social and behavioral sciences, as well as education and computer science. The book shows how we have achieved this by presenting our analyses of collaborative learning during the course of a four-year project involving dozens of researchers in a series of five workshops. The 37 editors and authors involved in this project generally study collaborative learning, technology enhanced learning, and cooperative work, and share an interest in understanding group interactions, but approach this topic from a variety of disciplinary homes and theoretical and methodological traditions. The sustained dialogue across these multiple "voices" makes this book useful to researchers in many different fields and with diverse goals and agendas
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; Contributors; Part I: Introduction; Chapter 1: The Productive Multivocality Project: Origins and Objectives; Origins and Development of the Productive Multivocality Project; A Common Framework for CSCL Interaction Analysis (ICLS 2008); Common Objects for Productive Multivocality in Analysis (CSCL 2009); Pinpointing Pivotal Moments in Collaboration (ARV 2009); Productive Multivocality in the Analysis of Collaborative Learning (ICLS 2010); Leveraging Researcher Multivocality for Insights on Collaborative Learning (ARV 2011); The Corpora and Analytic Traditions
    Description / Table of Contents: Data Corpora for Case Studies Analytic Traditions; Issues and Strategies for Productive Multivocality; Use Standards, Metadata, and Repositories to Share Data and Tools; Analyze the Same Data; Pair Up Diverse Traditions; Push Methods Outside of Their Comfort Zone; Address a Shared Analytic Objective; Eliminate Gratuitous Differences in Data Considered; Align Analytic Representations; Iterate; Step Back from Methods; Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Methodological Dimensions; Theoretical Assumptions; Purpose of Analysis; Units of Action, Interaction, and Analysis
    Description / Table of Contents: Representations Analytic Manipulations; Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: A Reader's Guide to the Productive Multivocality Project; Organization; Reading Strategies; Reading Goal: Understanding Productive Multivocality; Reading Goal: Figuring Out How to Approach One's Own Data; Reading Goal: Learning About the Range of Analytic Approaches Available; Reading Goal: Identifying Results for Research and Practice in Application Areas; Data Section 1: Pivotal Moments in Origami Fractions; Chapter 4 (Data): Learning Fractions Through Folding in an Elementary Face-to-Face Classroom
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 5 (Analysis): Focus-Based Constructive Interaction Chapter 6 (Analysis): Collaborative and Differential Utterances, Pivotal Moments, and Polyphony; Chapter 7 (Analysis): Social Metacognition, Micro-Creativity, and Justifications: Statistical Discourse Analysis of a Mathematics Classroom Conversation; Chapter 8 (Discussion): A Multivocal Analysis of Pivotal Moments for Learning Fractions in a 6th-Grade Classroom in Japan; Data Section 2: Peer-Led Team Learning for Chemistry; Chapter 9 (Data): Peer-Led Team Learning in General Chemistry
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 10 (Analysis): Knowledge Building Discourse in Peer-Led Team Learning Groups in First-Year General Chemistry Chapter 11 (Analysis): A Multivocal Process Analysis of Social Positioning in Study Groups; Chapter 12 (Analysis): Application of Network Analysis to Collaborative Problem Solving Discourse: An Attempt to Capture Dynamics of Collective Knowledge Advancement; Chapter 13 (Discussion): A Multivocal Analysis of the Emergence of Leadership in Chemistry Study Groups; Data Section 3: Multimodality in Learning About Electricity with Diagrammatic and Manipulative Resources
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 14 (Data): Group Scribbles-Supported Collaborative Learning in Primary Grade 5 Science Class
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1:Introduction1.The Productive Multivocality Project: Origins and Objectives -- 2.Methodological Dimensions -- 3.A Readers’ Guide to the Productive Multivocality Project -- Part 2:Case Study 1:Pivotal Moments in Origami Fractions -- 4.Learning Fractions through Folding in an Elementary Face-to-Face Classroom -- 5.Focus-based Constructive Interaction -- 6.Collaborative and Differential Utterances, Pivotal Moments, and Polyphony -- 7.Social Metacognition, Micro-creativity and Justifications: Statistical Discourse Analysis of a Mathematics Classroom Conversation -- 8.A Multivocal Analysis of Pivotal Moments for Learning Fractions in a 6th Grade Classroom in Japan -- Part 3:Case Study 2:Peer Led Team Learning for Chemistry -- 9.Peer-Led Team Learning in General Chemistry -- 10.Knowledge Building Discourse in Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL) Groups in First-year General Chemistry -- 11.A Multivocal Process Analysis of Social Positioning in Study Groups -- 12.Application of Network Analysis to Collaborative Problem Solving Discourse: An Attempt to Capture Dynamics of Collective Knowledge Advancement -- 13.A Multivocal Analysis of the Emergence of Leadership in Chemistry Study Groups -- Part 4:Case Study 3: Multimodality in Learning About Electricity with Diagrammatic and Manipulative Resources -- 14.Group Scribbles-supported Collaborative Learning in Primary Grade 5 Science Class -- 15.Identifying Pivotal Contributions for Group Progressive Inquiry in a Multimodal Interaction Environment -- 16.Cascading Inscriptions and Practices: Diagramming and Experimentation in the Group Scribbles Classroom -- 17.Conceptual Change and Sustainable Coherency of Concepts Across Modes of Interaction -- 18.Development of Group Understanding via the Construction of Physical and Technological Artifacts -- 19.Agency and Modalities in Multimediated Interaction -- Part 5:Case Study 4:Knowledge Building Through Asynchronous Online Discourse -- 20.Online Graduate Education Course Using Knowledge Forum -- 21.Socio-dynamic Latent Semantic Learner Models -- 22.Exploring Pivotal Moments in Students’ Knowledge Building Progress Using Participation and Discourse Marker Indicators as Heuristic Guides -- 23.Statistical Discourse Analysis of an Online Discussion: Cognition and Social Metacognition -- 24.Critical Reflections on Multivocal Analysis and Implications for Design-Based Research -- Part 6:Case Study 5:A Data-Driven Design Cycle for 9th Grade Biology -- 25.Towards Academically Productive Talk Supported by Conversational Agents -- 26.Gaining Insights from Sociolinguistic Style Analysis for Redesign of Conversational Agent Based Support for Collaborative Learning -- 27.Successful Knowledge Building Needs Group Awareness: Interaction Analysis of a 9th Grade CSCL Biology Lesson -- 28.Interaction Analysis of a Biology Chat -- 29.Network Analytic Techniques for Online Chat -- 30.Multivocality as a Tool for Design-Based Research -- Part 7:Reflections -- 31.Achieving Productive Multivocality in the Analysis of Group Interactions -- 32.Methodological Pathways for Avoiding Pitfalls in Multivocality -- 33.Analytic Representations and Affordances for Productive Multivocality -- 34.Epistemological Encounters in Multivocal Settings -- 35.Multivocality in Interaction Analysis: Implications for Practice -- 36.A Dialog on ‘Productive Multivocality’.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 7-27 | volume:24 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:7-27
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 7-27
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:7-27
    Keywords: Education ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China has made huge strides in expanding access to higher education since the 1980s. The main approach to achieve mass higher education was cost-sharing reforms of tertiary education. This article examines the policy reforms that affected tuition, fees and subsidies for tertiary students since the end of the 1980s and looks at the effects in terms of equity and access. It also examines institutional responses to the various policy changes as they competed for state funds. Using relevant literature, officially published statistical data and results from the related surveys, it identifies the patterns of inequality among four disadvantaged groups. Finally, it analyses the major determinants/contributors to inequality of access to higher education including state and institutional policies and practices, and tuition-related and student-support related factors.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264200180
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (270 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Higher Education in Regional and City Development
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Spanien ; Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Spain
    Abstract: The Basque country stands out in the Spanish landscape thanks to its industrial strength and well-educated workforce. How can the Basque Country make the best use of skills and knowledge against a backdrop of growing competition from emerging economies and ageing population? This publication explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for regional development. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and brings together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (277 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Higher Education in Regional and City Development
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Mexiko ; Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: Sonora is one of wealthiest states in Mexico and has made great strides in building its human capital and skills. How can Sonora turn the potential of its universities and technological institutions into an active asset for economic and social development? How can it improve the equity, quality and relevance of education at all levels? This publication explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for regional development. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202733
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Women and financial education
    Keywords: Frauen ; Finanzwissen ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; Finance and Investment ; Bericht ; Frau ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Bildung ; OECD
    Abstract: Gender equality in terms of economic and financial opportunities is becoming increasingly relevant at both national and international level. The need to address the financial literacy of women and girls as a way to improve their financial empowerment, opportunities, and well-being has been acknowledged by the G20 Leader’s Declaration in June 2012, as well as part of a wider horizontal OECD project on gender equality. The OECD International Network on Financial Education (INFE) established a dedicated workstream in 2010 to address the needs of women for financial education under the support of the Russia/World Bank/OECD Trust Fund for financial literacy and education. This book collects the work carried out within this workstream, including policy guidance to help policy makers address women's and girls' needs for financial education, and a comprehensive analysis of the current status of knowledge on gender differences in financial literacy and policy responses in terms of financial education for women and girls.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203488
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (219 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovative learning environments
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bildungsforschung ; Education ; Lernumwelt ; Bildungsforschung
    Abstract: How to design a powerful learning environment so that learners can thrive in the 21st century? OECD’s Innovative Learning Environments (ILE) is an ambitious international study that responds to this challenging question. The study earlier released the influential publication The Nature of Learning: Using Research to Inspire Practice. This companion volume is based on 40 in-depth case studies of powerful 21st century learning environments that have taken the innovation journey. Innovative Learning Environments presents a wealth of international material and features a new framework for understanding these learning environments, organised into eight chapters. Richly illustrated by the many local examples, it argues that a contemporary learning environment should: Innovate the elements and dynamics of its “pedagogical core”. Become a “formative organisation” through strong design strategies with corresponding learning leadership, evaluation and feedback. Open up to partnerships to grow social and professional capital, and to sustain renewal and dynamism. Promote 21st century effectiveness through the application of the ILE learning principles. In conclusion it offers pointers to how this can be achieved, including the role of technology, networking, and changing organisational cultures. This report will prove to be an invaluable resource for all those interested in schooling. It will be of particular interest to teachers, education leaders, parents, teacher educators, advisors and decision-makers, as well as the research community. “Much has been written about learning environments, and about innovation but nowhere will you find such a deep and cogent portrayal of the key principles as in the OECD's report, Innovative Learning Environments. Learners, pedagogical core, learning environments, partnerships, sustainability - it's all captured in this remarkable volume.” (Michael Fullan, OC, Professor Emeritus, OISE, University of Toronto) “Everyone in education is talking about innovation. What is different here is that the best of what we know about learning is at the centre and is richly illustrated with real cases to answer the question, ‘What will this look like?’” (Helen Timperley, Professor, Faculty of Education, University of Auckland) “From OECD's The Nature of Learning to Innovative Learning Environments, this second ILE volume inspires and guides all who are committed to creating , enacting and sustaining powerful learning. To know that this is possible - that we can and are creating ‘schooling for tomorrow’ today - is the gift of this book.” (Anthony Mackay: Co-Chair, Global Education Leaders Program; Chair, Innovation Unit UK) “What impresses me about this work is the clarity about the links between complex goals, processes and outcomes through a focus on innovative learning environments across the globe. Innovative Learning Environments manages both to bring alive the lived realities of very different people at the same time as distilling principles and key messages." (Philippa Cordingley, Chief Executive, Centre for the Use of Research and Evidence in Education (CUREE), UK) “As societies experience unprecedented and unpredictable change, schools and education systems are at the nexus of hope for the future. OECD’s report Innovative Learning Environments documents how educators in a number of countries are engaging in bold and forward-thinking innovations to renew, re-imagine and re-invent contexts for teaching and learning, and, most importantly, provides inspiration to take the journey.” (Professor Lorna Earl, President 2011-2013, International Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement)
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264190597
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Revisión de Políticas Nacionales de Educación; El Aseguramiento de la Calidad en la Educación Superior en Chile 2013
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Chile
    Abstract: Growth and diversity have characterised higher education in OECD countries for fifty years. Chile is no exception and has experienced dramatic increases in the number of students, the range of institutions and the programmes that they offer. But wider participation and diversification are only part of the story. Chilean society remains highly unequal in economic and social terms, and the quality of the academic, technical and professional programmes on offer is uneven. The establishment of a culture of quality in higher education which goes beyond accreditation, and the provision of accurate and reliable information, have become issues of concern not only to institutions, students and employers but to a wider public. This report analyses the performance of the relatively young higher education quality assurance system (SINAC-ES). It provides a set of key principles that the OECD review team believes both reflect international practice and are relevant for Chile. The report makes a set of recommendations about the place of the SINAC ES in Chilean higher education and society; the focus of its work; its structure and leadership; and the functions of licensing; accreditation and information that it carries out.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1021
    Keywords: Bildungsabschluss ; Bildungsertrag ; Südafrika ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; South Africa ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In this paper we include measures of school quality in regressions determining the labour market premiums to education level. We use the matric exemption score and the pupil/teacher ratio of the respondents’ closest school during childhood as proxies for education quality. We find that the employment and earnings premiums to education level are robust to the inclusion of these quality measures. Moreover, there is a significant direct relationship between our quality measures and earnings, controlling for education level. Increasing the matric exemption score by 10 percentage points increases earnings, on average, by 8% and decreasing the pupil/teacher ratio by one learner is associated with a 1% increase in earnings. No significant relationship is found between the school quality measures and employment.This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of South Africa, www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/listofeconomicsurveysofsouthafrica.htm.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (61 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1051
    Keywords: 1995-2011 ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Nationaleinkommen ; Produktivität ; Öffentliche Investition ; Schule ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Governance ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Intergovernmental fiscal frameworks usually reflect fundamental societal choices and history and are not foremost geared towards achieving economic policy objectives. Yet, like most institutional arrangements, fiscal relations affect the behaviour of firms, households and governments and thereby economic activity. This paper presents empirical research on the potential effects of fiscal decentralisation on a set of outcomes such as GDP, productivity, public investment and school performance. The results can be summarised as follows: decentralisation, as measured by revenue or spending shares, is positively associated with GDP per capita levels. The impact seems to be stronger for revenue decentralisation than for spending decentralisation. Decentralisation is strongly and positively associated with educational outcomes as measured by international student assessments (PISA). While educational functions can be delegated either to sub-central governments (SCG) or to schools, the results suggest that both strategies appear to be equally beneficial for educational performance. Finally, investment in physical and – especially – human capital as a share of general government spending is significantly higher in more decentralised countries.
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1028
    Keywords: Soziale Schicht ; Bildungsniveau ; Frankreich ; Education ; Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: OECD’s PISA publications highlight the impact of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) on students’ results within countries. The focus here is to investigate whether ESCS measures could contribute to differences in aggregate educational outcomes between countries. There is some evidence that, after controlling for education spending and the overall level of economic development, differences in ESCS might account for a substantial amount of France’s gap in average PISA scores with respect to best performing OECD countries, albeit by no means all of it.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (61 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1087
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Bildungsverhalten ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Berufsbildung ; Frühkindliche Bildung ; Karriereplanung ; Bildungsfinanzierung ; Maori ; Studienfinanzierung ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Bildungsertrag ; Mindestlohn ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Neuseeland ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; New Zealand ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The NZ labour market is among the most flexible in the OECD, and outcomes for its young people have been among the best. However, labour-market opportunities are heavily determined by initial education, where New Zealand’s system is also successful and innovative in many ways. Average PISA results are among the OECD’s highest, but the dispersion of performance is also high, indicating a sizable group of underachievers. Those in disadvantaged groups tend to have poor scholastic outcomes. These initial educational handicaps show up in higher drop-out rates and youth joblessness, greatly limiting these youths’ future life chances. Indeed, intergenerational persistence in educational and employment outcomes appears very high. From both a social and economic point of view, it will be essential to develop more fully the human capital of the fast growing demographic group of ethnic minorities. Better teaching quality is needed, with more attention devoted to diversity of student needs and learning approaches to keep children in school. A related problem is the apparently large divergence between the nature of skills supplied by the education sector and the skills demanded by employers. A greater role for youth apprenticeships could help to raise skill levels while aligning them better to the economy’s needs. All this has an important bearing on the government’s ambition to secure strong and sustainable growth with rising living standards and equal opportunities for all. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of New Zealand (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/new-zealand-2maori013.htm).
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1017
    Keywords: Bildungsinvestition ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Berufsbildung ; Slowakei ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Slovak Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In Slovakia, educational outcomes are below the OECD average and are too dependent on the socioeconomic background of students. Unemployment is high and the school-to-job transition process does not work well. Spending on education and active labour market policies are very low by international standards. While reforms are under way in both areas, further efforts are needed to support the domestic drivers of growth. At a time of fiscal consolidation, these two policy areas should at the least be protected from budgetary cuts while every opportunity for efficiency gains should be seized. Not least because of the high level of long-term unemployment, more emphasis should be placed on activation policies, particularly on placement services, which are currently underfinanced but also insufficiently evaluated. Educational achievements and thus future labour market outcomes could be improved by re-allocating resources to teaching activities, in particular for disadvantaged pupils. Developing work-based vocational education would also facilitate the transition from school to work. This Working Paper relates to the 2012 OECD Economic Survey of the Slovak Republic (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/slovakia2012).
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1022
    Keywords: 1994-2010 ; Bildungsabschluss ; Bildungsertrag ; Südafrika ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; South Africa ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In this paper we document the impact of education levels on labour market outcomes from 1994 to 2010 using national household survey data. We show that higher levels of education are strongly rewarded in the labour market in terms of earnings and that a tertiary qualification improves an individual’s prospects of employment. While the premium for matric and incomplete secondary has fallen marginally over the period, the premium to tertiary has risen, especially for women. Differences in the reward to education level are evident for Africans versus the overall population, between urban and rural areas and for younger versus older workers. In particular, the premium to tertiary education has increased at a higher rate for Africans than for the overall population.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1041
    Keywords: Absolventen ; Berufsbildung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Abbrecher ; Frankreich ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The economic situation of young people is unsatisfactory. Educational inequalities have been widening for over a decade, due to a sharp decline in the results of the most highly disadvantaged students. The unemployment rate for the 20-24 age bracket has not dropped below 16% for nearly 30 years. French youth are highly pessimistic about the future and express great distrust of institutions. The social safety net sits uneasily between autonomy and family solidarity and is unfair because young people who are unemployed and have no solid financial backing from their families find themselves in precarious situations. Positive discrimination in education policies should be given a real priority and education spending rationalised to draw more resources to primary schooling. The autonomy of universities should be increased, as should the financial independence of young people. The workings of the labour market, some features of which penalise new entrants, need to be reformed and youth employment services enhanced. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Review of France (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/France).
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1057
    Keywords: Bildungsabschluss ; Risiko ; Bayes-Statistik ; Südafrika ; Education ; Economics ; South Africa ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In this paper we assess the determinants of secondary school outcomes in South Africa. We use Bayesian Averaging Model techniques to account for uncertainty in the set of underlying factors that are chosen among a very large pool of explanatory variables in order to minimize the risk of omitted variable bias. Our analysis indicates that the socioeconomic background of pupils, demographic characteristics such as population groups (Black and White) as well as geographical locations account for a significant variation in pupils’ achievement levels. We also find that the most robust policy determinants of pupils’ test scores are the availability of a library at school, the use of IT in the classroom as well as school climate. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of South Africa (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/southafrica2013.htm).
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1056
    Keywords: Bildungsabschluss ; Südafrika ; Education ; Economics ; South Africa ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: South Africa has achieved remarkable progress in educational attainment relative to other emerging countries, but the quality of basic education for a large fraction of the Black African population is still very low. This study identifies several hurdles to the upgrading of basic education quality, such as the lack of investment in school infrastructure and learning materials in disadvantaged areas, uneven administrative capacity at the local level, low teacher quality and poor teaching of English among Black Africans. Bold action is recommended to empower schools with more physical resources, more competent school leadership and an accountable teacher workforce. Skill mismatches of supply and demand on the labour market may be further addressed by vocational education reforms and an alleviation of credit constraints at the tertiary level.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1067
    Keywords: Bildungsreform ; Südkorea ; Education ; Economics ; Korea, Republic of ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The rapid expansion of education in Korea is exceptional and has played a key role in its economic development. Sustaining Korea’s growth potential in the face of demographic headwinds requires further improving the education system to boost productivity growth. One priority is to upgrade early childhood education and care (ECEC). Korea also needs to address the overemphasis on tertiary education, in part by improving vocational education, to reduce the mismatch problem that limits labour participation of youth. Tertiary education needs restructuring to improve quality. In addition, the large share of private spending in education increases the impact of socio-economic factors on educational outcomes. Education reforms are thus needed to promote inclusive growth, notably by: i) improving the access of low-income children to high-quality ECEC; ii) reducing reliance on private tutoring, notably at hagwons, by improving university admission procedures, expanding the quality and diversity of schools and upgrading vocational education; and iii) expanding loans to university students with repayment contingent on income after graduation. This Working Paper relates to the 2012 OECD Economic Survey of Korea (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Korea).
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Trends Shaping Education Spotlights no.1
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Countries across the OECD are in the midst of a rapid demographic transformation. Average life expectancy across OECD countries has risen from 69 years in 1970 to an average of 79.7 years in 2010. Countries where life expectancy was once low, such as Turkey, are rapidly reaching the OECD average. Indeed, by 2100, the median age across all OECD and BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) countries is forecasted to reach 45 years. As the average age increases, so too does the proportion of the elderly (〉 80 years).
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.33
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Élèves immigrés : Que peuvent-ils nous apprendre sur la qualité de nos systèmes d'éducation ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Immigrant students who share a common country of origin, and therefore many cultural similarities, perform very differently across school systems. The difference in performance between immigrant students and non-immigrant students of similar socio-economic status is smaller in school systems with large immigrant populations and where immigrant students are as diverse in socio-economic status as other students.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Encourager la création de communautés d’apprentissage parmi les enseignants
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: According to the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), teachers across countries overwhelmingly desire more professional development. In all TALIS countries, there are low rates of co-operative professional development and collaborative teaching practice. Countries could use professional development to effectively and efficiently build and improve professional learning communities in schools.
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.149
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper presents an overview of gender differences in education outcomes in OECD countries. A rich set of indicators describes the improvement of educational attainment among women over the past decades, and various dimensions of male under-performance in education. Possible explanatory factors include incentives provided by changing employment opportunities for women, demographic trends, as well as the higher sensitivity of boys to disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds. Gender differences in field of study and in performance by subject are found to be related to attitudes and self-perceptions towards academic subjects, which are in turn influenced by social norms. A number of policy options to address gender gaps are presented in the final section of the paper.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'établissement d'enseignement fréquenté par les élèves a-t-il un impact sur leur performance ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Successful education systems are able to guarantee that all students succeed at high levels. Across OECD countries, around 60% of the overall, country-level variation in student performance can be traced to differences in how well students who attend the same school can be expected to perform. About 40% of the variation in student performance in OECD countries is observed between schools; but among high-performing countries, differences in performance are generally smaller than those in the average OECD country.
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.88
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The main task of the Working Group on Adult Learning of the INES Labour Market, Economic and Social Outcomes network is the development of indicators on Adult Learning for publication in the annual volume “Education at a Glance” of the OECD. As part of this task, a list of 18 policy goals/issues in the domain of adult learning have been identified through broad consultations. After identifying the policy goals a theoretical framework was developed in order to be able to systematically select indicators for monitoring them. The theoretical framework is based on a systemic approach, identifying context, input, processes, output and outcome of the system of Adult Learning. The policy goals to be monitored and the theoretical framework constitute the basis for the definition and selection of a list of indicators which might be published in EAG. The third element in the development of international indicators is the existence of comparable data of good quality. The paper includes a list of 44 indicators which are practical to publish with existing data sources or with data sources likely to become available in the near future. The coverage of the policy areas is uneven, reflecting both the focus of existing data sources and the difficulties of some data gathering exercises.
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.94
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Learning Study is a collaborative, action-research approach to improve the effectiveness of student learning by enhancing the professional competence of teachers. This is achieved through the collaborative construction of the pedagogical content knowledge enabling them better to teach specific objects of learning. Through inquiry and authentic learning by the teachers, it takes account of students’ prior knowledge in the lesson planning and so creates an authentic learning environment for the students. This paper explains how the Learning Study approach relates to the set of approaches known as “Lesson Study” and how it incorporates the principles for high quality learning proposed by the OECD project on Innovative Learning Environments (ILE) in its design and implementation. It examines how Learning Study helps to integrate the factors comprising innovative learning environments. It analyses the critical conditions that support its development and practice in schools and in professional learning networks and education systems in general.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.101
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Existing estimates of the labor-market returns to human capital give a distorted picture of the role of skills across different economies. International comparisons of earnings analyses rely almost exclusively on school attainment measures of human capital, and evidence incorporating direct measures of cognitive skills is mostly restricted to early-career workers in the United States. Analysis of the new PIAAC survey of adult skills over the full lifecycle in 22 countries shows that the focus on early-career earnings leads to underestimating the lifetime returns to skills by about one quarter. On average, a one-standard-deviation increase in numeracy skills is associated with an 18 percent wage increase among prime-age workers. But this masks considerable heterogeneity across countries. Eight countries, including all Nordic countries, have returns between 12 and 15 percent, while six are above 21 percent with the largest return being 28 percent in the United States. Estimates are remarkably robust to different earnings and skill measures, additional controls, and various subgroups. Intriguingly, returns to skills are systematically lower in countries with higher union density, stricter employment protection, and larger public-sector shares.
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.17
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les filières professionnelles du deuxième cycle du secondaire améliorent-elles les perspectives d'emploi des jeunes adultes ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: One-third of the population of OECD countries hold an upper secondary vocational education and training (VET) qualification as their highest educational attainment, and it is estimated that nearly half will graduate from a VET programme in their lifetime. Keeping up with technology developments in industry can be a costly endeavour, although partnering with employers can help to spread the cost of VET programmes. While vocational qualifications offer young people a good chance of finding employment, they are sometimes seen as a second-class choice and limit their value in the labour market overall. Countries need to ensure their vocational programmes offer all students the basic skills they need in the labour market and in life, as well as the opportunity to progress on to tertiary education if they wish.
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.29
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les compétences en compréhension de l'écrit des élèves immigrants dépendent-elles de l'âge auquel ils sont arrivés dans leur pays d'accueil ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, newly arrived 15-year-old immigrant students show poorer reading performance than immigrant students who arrived in their new country when they were younger than five. Students who emigrated from less-developed countries where the home language differs from their new language of instruction are particularly vulnerable to the “late-arrival” penalty in reading performance. Immigrant students from countries with similar levels of development and the same language as the host country do not suffer any late-arrival penalty at all.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.14
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quels facteurs influencent la mobilité internationale des étudiants ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Between 2000 and 2011, the number of international students has more than doubled. Today, almost 4.5 million tertiary students are enrolled outside their country of citizenship. The largest numbers of international students are from China, India and Korea. Asian students account for 53% of all students studying abroad worldwide. New players have emerged on the international education market in the past decades, such as Australia, New Zealand, Spain, the Russian Federation and, more recently, Korea. By contrast, the share of international students in some of the most attractive countries – Germany and the United States, for instance – has declined. As countries increasingly benefit from student mobility, the competition to attract and retain students has diversified the map of destinations over the past decade.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comment le profil des étudiants de l'enseignement supérieur évolue-t-il ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: More than 23 million students across the OECD and G20 countries will start their first universitylevel course in 2013. The new generation of students will be particularly diverse, with more adults and international students than ever. Entry rates have increased over the last decades but unequal access to university still persists, with entry rates reflecting the background of the students.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les établissements d'enseignement en milieu urbain : Un statut particulier ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In most countries and economies, students who attend schools in urban areas tend to perform at higher levels than other students. Socio-economic status explains only part of the performance difference between students who attend urban schools and other students. Schools in urban settings are larger, tend to benefit from better educational resources, and often enjoy greater autonomy in how they can allocate those resources.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.26
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les grandes espérances: Comment les notes et les politiques éducatives façonnent-elles les aspirations des élèves ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Countries vary in the way they use marks, but they all tend to reward the mastery of skills and attitudes that promote learning. Teachers tend to give girls and socio-economically advantaged students better school marks, even if they don’t have better performance and attitudes than boys and socio-economically disadvantaged students. It seems that marks not only measure students’ progress in school, they also indicate the skills, behaviours, habits and attitudes that are valued in school.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264200197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mejorar la Educación en México ; Una perspectiva estatal desde Puebla
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving education in Mexico
    Keywords: Schulpolitik ; Mexiko ; Puebla (Staat) ; Education ; Mexico ; Staat Puebla ; Schule ; Schulentwicklung
    Abstract: How can the state of Puebla improve its education system? Within an international perspective, this report analyses the major challenges facing the state’s education system, current policy initiatives, and innovative practices. It highlights that a long-term strategy, a stronger capacity to lead improvements and reforms in four main policy areas are keystones for educational improvement. With insights from top performing systems and those with a similar reform trajectory, it sets out strategies for action to make change happen.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évaluation des compétences des adultes ; Manuel à l'usage des lecteurs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The survey of adult skills
    RVK:
    Keywords: Erwachsene ; Qualifikation ; Bildungsniveau ; Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Erwachsener ; Schreib- und Lesefähigkeit ; Rechenfähigkeit ; Informationstechnik ; OECD
    Abstract: This reader’s companion for the Survey of Adult Skills explains what the survey measures and the methodology behind the measurements, provides content of the background questionnaires, examines the relationship between this survey and other skills surveys, as well the issues of ‘key competencies” and measurements of human capital.
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  • 95
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 115-130 | volume:24 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:115-130
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 115-130
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:115-130
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper examines the challenges of developing research resources for leading Vietnamese universities. The first part of the paper presents the background to the study, including literature review on the challenges to research resources development, and describes the research questions and research methods. The next part provides empirical findings on types of research resources, availability of resources, and challenges for resources development at leading Vietnamese universities. In the final part, the paper discusses the major findings and provides suggestions for further analysis on Vietnam’s university research sector.
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  • 96
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 73-84 | volume:24 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:73-84
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 73-84
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:73-84
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The last decades have witnessed an increased concern in higher education over accountability, quality and productivity, and a struggle to meet increasingly complex challenges. This is more so in Middle East and North African (MENA) economies that witnessed a large expansion as a result of a high social demand and massification policies adopted by governments in public institutions. These policies also allowed the private sector to expand to meet the increasing demand. As a consequence, higher education institutions were faced with serious challenges related to quality because the quantitative expansions took place at the expense of quality (UNESCO, 2010). Although 14 out of 20 MENA economies established national bodies for quality assurance and accreditation, quality issues are still challenging higher education institutions in the region. The author presents the achievements, challenges and issues in quality in higher education in the region. She also briefly presents several international organisations’ initiatives and perspectives on quality in higher education in the region, and attempts to propose a set of suggestions and recommendations to move the systems to higher standards that are compatible with international ones. This paper covers the following 20 economies in the MENA region: Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, the Palestinian Authority, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan*, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Please note that wherever the term “the region” is used in the article, it refers to these economies.
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  • 97
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 55-71 | volume:24 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:55-71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 2, p. 55-71
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:55-71
    Keywords: Education ; Brazil
    Abstract: Brazil has developed an encompassing system for quality assessment of higher education, the National System of Higher Education Evaluation (SINAES), which includes a test for assessing learning outcomes at the undergraduate level, the National Exam of Student Performance (ENADE). The present system has been running since 2004, and also serves as criteria for accreditation of programmes and institutions, and has been used to regulate the growing private (for-profit) sector of Brazilian HE. We will present an analysis of SINAES and the many challenges it faces to be recognised as a valid tool for quality assurance and regulation for the Brazilian HE system, using data developed within the system for the engineering and medicine programmes in Brazil. The learning outcomes test is similar to the one that the AHELO project has proposed, including both general education and subject area components, thus providing some preview of issues that may arise as that project moves forward.
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.86
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Creativity is widely accepted as being an important outcome of schooling. Yet there are many different views about what it is, how best it can be cultivated in young people and whether or how it should be assessed. And in many national curricula creativity is only implicitly acknowledged and seldom precisely defined. This paper offers a five dimensional definition of creativity which has been trialled by teachers in two field trials in schools in England. The paper suggests a theoretical underpinning for defining and assessing creativity along with a number of practical suggestions as to how creativity can be developed and tracked in schools. Two clear benefits of assessing progress in the development of creativity are identified: 1) teachers are able to be more precise and confident in developing young people’s creativity, and 2) learners are better able to understand what it is to be creative (and to use this understanding to record evidence of their progress). The result would seem to be a greater likelihood that learners can display the full range of their creative dispositions in a wide variety of contexts.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quelles sont les retombées sociales de l'éducation ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: On average across 15 OECD countries, a 30-year-old male tertiary graduate can expect to live another 51 years, while a 30 year-old man who has not completed upper secondary education can expect to live an additional 43 years. A similar comparison between women in the two educational groups reveals less of a difference than that among men. In 27 OECD countries, on average, 80% of young tertiary graduates say they vote, while only 54% of young adults who have not completed upper secondary education do so. The difference in voting rates by level of education is much smaller among older age groups. Education can bring significant benefits to society, not only through higher employment opportunities and income but also via enhanced skills, improved social status and access to networks. By fully recognising the power of education, policy makers could better address diverse societal challenges.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Trends Shaping Education Spotlights no.3
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The growth of urban areas resulting from natural increases in population and migration from rural areas is a global phenomenon.
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