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  • English  (124)
  • 2005-2009  (124)
  • OECD  (122)
  • Goicoechea, Ana  (2)
  • Science and Technology  (82)
  • Energy  (46)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Korea 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: This report assesses the current status of Korea’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where and how the government should focus its efforts to improve the country’s innovation capabilities. It finds that Korea has one of the highest rates of spending on R&D in the world, much of which is performed by private firms. It also has a highly educated labour force – as signalled by its impressive PISA performance and exceptionally high rates of tertiary level graduation – with a strong interest in science and technology. However, a number of bottlenecks persist that hamper Korea’s economic convergence with the leading OECD economies. These include a relatively weak SME sector and weak performance in services, as well as lagging capacities to conduct leading-edge research in many areas. Furthermore, Korea faces numerous threats in the mid term, notably increased levels of competition from China and other newly-industrialising economies, the lowest fertility rate in the OECD and an ageing society, and a continuing high dependency on imports of natural resources, particularly hydrocarbons. In the shorter term, the economic crisis offers its own challenges, with the need for some policy adjustments to deal with expected falls in business investment in R&D and growing levels of unemployment among the highly skilled.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067233-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coherence for Health : Innovation for New Medicines for Infectious Diseases (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: In developing countries, 6 out of 10 people die from infectious diseases. Nearly 1 billion humans suffer from a neglected infectious disease, according to the World Health Organisation. Yet less than 1% of the new drugs placed on the market from 1975 to the turn of the century were developed for these diseases. This book looks at ways of improving the availability of medicines for infectious diseases through strengthened coherence in health, trade, science and technology, development co-operation and finance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060166-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: 15 Mexican States 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (418 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudios de la OCDE de Innovación Regional; 15 estados mexicanos
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als 15 Mexican states
    RVK:
    QG 630
    Keywords: Regionalökonomik ; Regionales Cluster ; Technologiepolitik ; Mexiko ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Technische Innovation
    Abstract: Despite macro-economic stability in recent years, Mexico still suffers from stagnant productivity growth. Mexico’s long-term competitiveness in a global context will require greater public and private action to spur innovation and economic growth in regions throughout the country. This report reviews how both national and state policies in Mexico can better support regional innovation systems and includes profiles of 15 states.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060135-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cities, Towns and Renewable Energy : Yes In My Front Yard (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cities, towns & renewable energy
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Stadt ; Energieversorgung ; Energieeinsparung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Stadtökologie ; Energieversorgung ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: Local governments have the power to influence the energy choices of their citizens. Many cities and towns have already encouraged energy efficiency measures. Even so, as demand for energy services continues to grow, the energy infrastructure that every city and town depends on will need to be expanded, upgraded or replaced. This provides the opportunity to increase the deployment of renewable energy technologies and decentralised energy systems, and hence gain the multi-benefits of increased energy security, climate change mitigation and sustainable development, but also the social benefits of reduced air pollution, such as improved health and employment. Many combinations of policies have been employed to stimulate local renewable energy development. These policies include: local governance by authority; providing resources; enabling private actors; leading by example; allowing self-governance. Mega-city mayors, down to small-town officials, have successfully introduced such policies, although these vary with location, local resources and population. Cities, Towns and Renewable Energy – “ Yes In My Front Yard “ includes several case studies chosen to illustrate how enhanced deployment of renewable energy projects can result, regardless of a community’s size or location. The goals of this report are to inspire city stakeholders by showing how renewable energy systems can benefit citizens and businesses, assist national governments to better appreciate the role that local municipalities might play in meeting national and international objectives, and help accelerate the necessary transition to a sustainable energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076884-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pharmacogenetics: Opportunities and Challenges for Health Innovation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pharmacogenetics
    RVK:
    QX 740
    Keywords: Pharmakologie ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Pharmakogenetik ; Innovation ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: Pharmacogenetics helps us understand the relationship between an individual’s genetic make-up and the way medicines work for each person. This book reviews the use of pharmacogenetics across all stages of the health innovation cycle from research through to uptake by doctors and patients. It focuses on how to optimise the use of pharmacogenetics to deliver effective innovations for public health, and design policies that enhance their economic and social benefits. The book argues for large-scale studies to validate the biomarkers that underpin pharmacogenetics and policies to share the cost and risk of using pharmacogenetics to improve the use of existing medicines. Governments and others need to align regulatory, reimbursement and other incentives and work with industry to measure better the impacts of pharmacogenetics. Health systems need to take positive steps to adapt to the use of pharmacogenetics and ensure that health professionals receive adequate training.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076808-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rethinking e-Government Services : User-Centred Approaches (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059412
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking e-government services
    RVK:
    MF 7080
    Keywords: E-Government ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; E-Government
    Abstract: Expecting substantial savings and improved public services – a trend further accentuated by the financial and economic crisis beginning in 2008 – OECD countries have invested in the development of e-government services over the past 10-15 years. However, despite the initial exceptional take-up, governments later saw low adoption and low use of e-government services which are still far from satisfactory today. This report gives a broad description of the shift in governments' focus on e-government development – from a government-centric to a user-centric approach. It gives a comprehensive overview of challenges to user take-up of e-government services in OECD countries and of the different types of approaches to improving it. The monitoring and evaluation of user take-up are also discussed, including the existence of formal measurement frameworks. Good practices are presented to illustrate the different concrete approaches used by OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059412-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Mexico 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Mexico
    Abstract: Over the past decade, Mexico has made significant progress towards macroeconomic stability and has undertaken important structural reforms to further open the economy to trade and investment, and improve the functioning of markets for goods and services. However, potential gross domestic product (GDP) growth remains much too low to reduce widespread poverty and bridge the wide gap in living standards with wealthier OECD countries. One important reason for this is that Mexico has been slower than those in many competing newly industrialising economies to realise the importance of investment in innovation as a driver of growth and competitiveness. This book assesses the current status of Mexico’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where and how the government should focus its efforts to improve the country’s innovation capabilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075993-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chile Energy Policy Review 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Chile
    Abstract: Drawing on the experience of IEA member countries, this IEA review assesses Chile’s major energy challenges and provides recommendations. Six main themes emerge: the successful liberalisation of the power sector in the 1980s; the essential role played by the state in ensuring energy security; the re-formulation of Chile’s long-term energy policy; the proposed reorganisation of the institutional framework; greater independence for the system operators; and the need for a clear framework of regulation so that long-term investment decisions integrate social and environmental costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073159-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Implementing Energy Efficiency Policies: are IEA Member Countries on Track? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075696
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Implementing energy efficiency policies 2009
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energieeinsparung ; Energiepolitik ; Welt ; Energy ; Bericht ; Internationale Energieagentur ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Energiepolitik ; Effizienz
    Abstract: This book presents 25 energy efficiency recommendations from the IEA which could, if implemented globally without delay, reduce global CO2 emissions by 8.2 gigatonnes per year by 2030 – equivalent to roughly two-times the amount of current EU CO2 emissions. This innovative book provides the first assessment of IEA member countries’ progress on implementing energy efficiency policy. Using a rigorous evaluation process, it finds that while these countries are implementing a full range of energy efficiency measures, their efforts fall short. Pressing energy, climate and financial challenges require even more energy efficiency policy action – particularly in the transport sector. To address this action gap, IEA member countries must urgently ramp up their energy efficiency policy efforts. The IEA and its member countries can play a critical role in promoting the Agency’s call for “Worldwide Implementation Now” (W.I.N.) of energy efficiency. What will it be? W.I.N or lose the opportunity?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075696-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: Piedmont, Italy 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Piedmont, Italy
    RVK:
    QG 510
    RVK:
    QR 000
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Regionalpolitik ; Piemont ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Piemont ; Innovationsförderung ; Regionale Wirtschaftsförderung
    Abstract: Piedmont is one of the top ten manufacturing regions in Europe and enjoys the highest levels of business investment in R&D in Italy. Birthplace of the most famous Italian automotive company - Fiat – and home to many heavy engineering and manufacturing firms, the region has long been a central part of the national industrial core. Yet since the early 1970s, the fragility of Piedmont's production system has slowly became evident. This report reviews how Piedmont’s new regional strategy supports innovation and how its efforts can be improved.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039162-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Bioeconomy to 2030 : Designing a Policy Agenda (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (323 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La bioéconomie à l'horizon 2030 ; Quel programme d'action ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The bioeconomy to 2030
    RVK:
    QR 525
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt ; Biotechnologie-Industrie ; Politik ; Industriepolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Biowissenschaften ; Industriepolitik
    Abstract: The biological sciences are adding value to a host of products and services, producing what some have labelled the “bioeconomy” and offering the potential to make major socio-economic contributions in OECD countries. Using quantitative analyses of data on development pipelines and R&D expenditures from private and public databases, this book estimates biotechnological developments to 2015. Moving to a broader institutional view, it also looks at the roles of R&D funding, human resources, intellectual property, and regulation in the bioeconomy, as well as at possible developments that could influence emerging business models to create scenarios to 2030. These scenarios are included to stimulate reflection on the interplay between policy choices and technological advances in shaping the bioeconomy. Finally, the book explores policy options to support the social, environmental and economic benefits of a bioeconomy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056886-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sectoral Approaches in Electricity : Building Bridges to a Safe Climate (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264068735
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Electricity accounts for more than 40 % of global energy-related CO2 emissions. This issue is most pressing for developing countries where growth in power demand is particularly high, fueling the risk of irreversible investment in CO2-intensive capacity, the so-called “carbon lock-in”. Sectoral Approaches in Electricity – Building Bridges to a Safe Climate shows how the international climate policy framework could effectively support a transition towards low-CO2 electricity systems in developing countries. Sectoral approaches are intended to address sectors that require urgent actions, without waiting for countries to take nation-wide commitments. Earlier IEA publications have extensively reviewed developed countries’ efforts to steer generation away from carbon-intensive production modes, from dedicated support to low-carbon technologies to, increasingly, the reliance on CO2 pricing via emissions trading. Following the same logic, there are proposals seeking to use the international carbon market to drive changes at sectoral level in developing countries. This publication illustrates the pros and cons of such an approach in a few key emerging economies. It also asks how international climate policy could support and enhance ongoing efforts on end-use energy efficiency - an essential piece of the climate change/electricity puzzle.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264068735-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Biotechnology Statistics 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD Biotechnology Statistics – 2009 edition brings together the latest available economic and activity data on biotechnology and innovation, collected by OECD member and non-member countries. The report builds on the extensive work of the OECD and national experts to improve the comparability of biotechnology statistics. The results should provide a valuable source of information on biotechnology for policy makers, academics and business managers. The 2009 edition contains government survey data for 22 OECD countries and additional data for four non-member countries. The survey data provide results on the number of biotechnology firms, business expenditures on R&D, biotechnology employment, and sales of biotechnology goods and services.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073937-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Innovation in the Software Sector (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076761
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD innovation strategy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Lippoldt, Douglas Innovation in the software sector
    RVK:
    QR 770
    Keywords: Softwareindustrie ; Innovationsmanagement ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Softwareindustrie ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Softwareproduktion ; Softwaremarkt
    Abstract: This book throws a spotlight on innovation across the software universe, setting out key issues and highlighting policy perspectives. It spans research and development, invention, production, distribution and use of software in the market. It also covers core innovation themes from a user perspective - including security and privacy, mobility, interoperability, accessibility and reliability.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'innovation dans le secteur des logiciels
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076761-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Online Identity Theft (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056596
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Online identity theft
    DDC: 364.16/33
    RVK:
    ST 276
    Keywords: Phishing ; Identity theft ; Internet fraud ; Identity theft Prevention ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Identitätsdiebstahl ; Phishing
    Abstract: Using widely available Internet tools, internet thieves trick unsuspecting computer users into providing personal data, which they then use for illicit purposes, causing mistrust of online payment and banking services. This book defines identity theft and studies how it is perpetrated, outlines what is being done to combat the major types of ID theft, and recommends specific ways that ID theft can be addressed in an effective, global manner.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056596-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Innovation in Firms : A Microeconomic Perspective (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056213
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD innovation strategy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Innovation in firms
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Keywords: Innovationsmanagement ; Innovation ; Mikrodaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Creative ability in business ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Science and Technology ; Unternehmen ; Innovation ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Datenanalyse
    Abstract: Innovation has become a key factor for economic growth, but how does the process take place at the level of individual firms? This book presents the main results of the OECD Innovation Microdata Project -- the first large-scale effort to exploit firm-level data from innovation surveys across 20 countries in an internationally harmonised way, with a view to addressing common analytical questions. Through the use of common indicators and econometric modeling, this analytical report presents a broad overview of how firms innovate in different countries, highlights some of the limitations of current innovation surveys, and identifies directions for future research.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056213-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Patent Statistics Manual (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de l'OCDE sur les statistiques des brevets
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de estadísticas de patentes de la OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD patent statistics manual
    RVK:
    QP 215
    RVK:
    QR 360
    Keywords: Patent ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Anleitung ; Patent ; Statistik
    Abstract: This 2009 edition of the OECD Patent Statistics Manual takes stock of the recent developments in the field. It provides guiding principles for the use of patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent indicators in this context. It aims to show what patent statistics can and cannot be used for, and how to count patents in order to maximise information on S&T activities while minimising statistical noise and biases. Finally, it describes how patent data can be used in the analysis of a wide array of topics related to technical change and patenting activity including industry-science linkages, patenting strategies by companies, internationalisation of research, and indicators on the value of patents.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056442-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Technology Transitions for Industry : Strategies for the Next Industrial Revolution (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264068612
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy technology transitions for industry
    DDC: 333.7965
    RVK:
    ZP 4500
    Keywords: Energietechnik ; Industrie ; Energiekonsum ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Energy ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energieverbrauch ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: Industry accounts for one-third of global energy use and almost 40% of worldwide CO2 emissions. Achieving substantial emissions reduction in the future will require urgent action from industry. What are the likely future trends in energy use and CO2 emissions from industry? What impact could the application of best available technologies have on these trends? Which new technologies are needed if these sectors are to fully play their role in a more secure and sustainable energy future? Energy Technology Transitions for Industry addresses these questions through detailed sectoral and regional analyses, building on the insights of crucial IEA findings, such as Energy Technology Perspectives 2008: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050. It contains new indicators and methodologies as well as scenario results for the following sectors: iron and steel, cement, chemicals, pulp and paper and aluminium sectors. The report discusses the prospects for new low-carbon technologies and outlines potential technology transition paths for the most important industrial sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264068612-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IEA Scoreboard 2009 : 35 Key Energy Trends over 35 Years (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Measuring and assessing how much has been done by member countries over the years to follow their underlying principles is not an easy task. Each country is unique in terms of economy, geography, climate, energy resources, etc. Taking into account some of these specificities, the IEA Scoreboard 2009 compares what has been achieved by member countries in diversifying their energy mix, in promoting non-fossil fuels and energy efficiency, in encouraging research and development, and, more generally, in creating a policy framework consistent with their shared policy goals. Since the IEA Scoreboard 2009 is published in conjunction with the 35th anniversary of the IEA, 35 themes, ranging from diversification to prices, show how IEA countries have performed in their efforts to attain energy security, environmental protection and economic growth. This book, which combines statistical rigour with easy access and readability, is an ideal resource for anyone who would like to have a quick overview of energy development in IEA member countries over the last 35 years. The publication also includes selected energy-related statistics for over 140 countries, economies and regions in the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063785-en
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Innovation and Growth : Chasing a Moving Frontier (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073975
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation and growth
    RVK:
    QR 000
    Keywords: Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Forschung ; Entwicklung ; Innovation ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Entwicklungsländer ; Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: Innovation is crucial to long-term economic growth, even more so in the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis. In this volume, the OECD and the World Bank jointly take stock of how globalisation is posing new challenges for innovation and growth in both developed and developing countries, and how countries are coping with them. The authors discuss options for policy initiatives that can foster technological innovation in the pursuit of faster and sustainable growth. The various chapters highlight how the emergence of an integrated global market affects the impact of national innovation policy. What seemed like effective innovation strategies (e.g. policies designed to strengthen the R&D capacity of domestic firms) are no longer sufficient for effective catch-up. The more open and global nature of innovation makes innovation policies more difficult to design and implement at the national scale alone. These challenges are further complicated by new phenomena, such as global value chains and the fragmentation of production, the growing role of global corporations, and the ICT revolution. Where and why a global corporation chooses to anchor its production affects the playing field for OECD and developing economies alike. Selected as a 2009 Notable Document by the American Library Association Government Documents Round Table.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073975-en
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  • 21
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    Piracy of Digital Content (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065437
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stryszowski, Piotr Piracy of digital content
    RVK:
    QR 360
    Keywords: Urheberrechtsverletzung ; Science and Technology ; Internet ; Kulturgut ; Produktpiraterie
    Abstract: This book studies digital piracy - the infringement of copyrighted content (such as music, films, software, broadcasting, books, etc.) - where the end product does not involve the use of hard media, such as CDs and DVDs. It presents the unique economic properties of markets for pirated digital products, where the existence of a large number of suppliers willing to provide pirated content at virtually no cost poses new and difficult challenges to copyright owners and policy makers in combating that piracy. These economic features, together with rapid technological developments, create special and unique problems to policy makers and the large number of actors involved in different jurisdictions. This book also provides an illustrative, in-depth case study of the sports rights owners sector, highlighting how it is affected by digital piracy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065437-en
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  • 22
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    Online Resource
    Computer Viruses and Other Malicious Software : A Threat to the Internet Economy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056510
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Computer viruses and other malicious software
    DDC: 005.8
    RVK:
    ST 276
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Computervirus
    Abstract: Malware attacks are increasing both in frequency and sophistication, thus posing a serious threat to the Internet economy and to national security. This book is a first step toward addressing the threat of malware in a comprehensive, global manner. It informs readers about malware -- its growth, evolution and countermeasures to combat it; presents new research into the economic incentives driving cyber-security decisions; and makes specific suggestions on how the international community can better work together to address the problem.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056510-en
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  • 23
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    Internet Access for Development (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Internet access for development
    RVK:
    QR 760
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Internet ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Entwicklungsländer ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Internet ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Kohärenz ; OECD ; Telekommunikationsmarkt ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: The Internet has been remarkably successful in developing greater opportunities for communication access - and economic growth and social development - for the first billion users. The majority of the next several billion users will be mainly from developing countries and will connect to the Internet principally via wireless networks. But there are substantial discrepancies in access to ICTs between developed and developing countries and also within countries, depending on factors such as gender, rural coverage, skills and educational levels. This book examines how the market for internet traffic exchange has evolved and explores the coherence of policies pursued by developed and developing countries. It notes the increasing innovation occurring in a number of developing countries with competitive markets and discusses how liberalisation has helped to expand of access networks and make ICT services increasingly affordable and available to the poor. The report also highlights the employment, micro-entrepreneurial and social development opportunities which have emerged as access levels have risen among low-income users. The study notes that gateway service monopolies - still in 70 countries - raise the prices for accessing international capacity and reduce the affordability of Internet access to business and end users.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056312-en
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  • 24
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    Transport Energy and CO2 : Moving towards Sustainability (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073173
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transport, energy and CO 2
    DDC: 628.5/32
    RVK:
    AR 27700
    Keywords: Verkehr ; Kraftstoff ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Energy ; OECD ; Verkehrspolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Car ownership is set to triple by 2050, trucking activity will double and air travel could increase fourfold. This book examines how to enable mobility without accelerating climate change. It finds that if we change the way we travel, adopt technologies to improve vehicle efficiency and shift to low-CO2 fuels, we can move onto a different pathway where transport CO2 emissions by 2050 are far below current levels, at costs that are lower than many assume. The report discusses the prospects for shifting more travel to the most efficient modes and reducing travel growth rates, improving vehicle fuel efficiency by up to 50% using cost-effective, incremental technologies, and moving toward electricity, hydrogen, and advanced biofuels to achieve a more secure and sustainable transport future. If governments implement strong policies to achieve this scenario, transport can play its role and dramatically reduce CO2 emissions by 2050.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073173-en
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  • 25
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    Clusters, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pôles de compétitivité, innovation et entrepreneuriat
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Clusters, innovation and entrepreneurship
    RVK:
    QG 000
    Keywords: Regionales Cluster ; Innovation ; Entrepreneurship ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Cluster ; Innovation ; Entrepreneurship
    Abstract: This publication explores the success of major innovation and entrepreneurship clusters in OECD countries, the challenges they now face in sustaining their positions and the lessons for other places seeking to build successful clusters. What are the key factors for cluster success? What problems are emerging on the horizon? Which is the appropriate role of the public sector in supporting the expansion of clusters and overcoming the obstacles? The book addresses these and other issues, analysing seven internationally reputed clusters in depth: Grenoble in France, Vienna in Austria, Waterloo in Canada, Dunedin in New Zealand, Medicon Valley in Scandinavia, Oxfordshire in the United Kingdom, and Madison, Wisconsin, in the United States. For each cluster, it looks at the factors that have contributed to its growth, the impact of the cluster on local entrepreneurship performance, and the challenges faced for further expansion. It also puts forward a set of policy recommendations geared to the broader context of cluster development. This publication is essential reading for policy makers, practitioners and academics wishing to obtain good practices in cluster development and guidance on how to enhance the economic impact of clusters.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044326-en
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    Remaking the Movies : Digital Content and the Evolution of the Film and Video Industries (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043305
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hawkins, Richard Remaking the movies
    DDC: 778.593
    RVK:
    AP 58000
    Keywords: Filmwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Digital video ; Motion picture industry Technological innovations ; Motion pictures Digitization ; Science and Technology ; Filmwirtschaft ; Digitalisierung ; Videomarkt ; Wertschöpfungskette
    Abstract: Film and video products take a huge variety of forms from modest training or promotion audio-visuals to blockbuster feature films that earn very large amounts of money from worldwide distribution. Production and distribution for any film or video product involve an extremely wide array of commercial interests often with quite different strategies. This study focuses on commercial entertainment products and production and distribution of films and television programs. It analyses the impact of digital content creation, distribution and use on value chains and business models of the film and video industry and explores the policy implications of these changes to identify how digital content may affect the function and position of participants in the industry along the value chain.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043305-en
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  • 27
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    Deploying Renewables: Principles for Effective Policies (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042216
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Deploying renewables
    RVK:
    QR 536
    Keywords: Erneuerbare Energie ; OECD-Staaten ; G7-Staaten ; Energy ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energiepolitik ; Effizienz
    Abstract: Deploying Renewables: Principles for Effective Policies examines the key factors that will determine the success of renewable energy policies and how current policies can be improved to encourage greater deployment of renewables. Responding to the Gleneagles G8 call for a clean and secure energy future, it highlights key policy tools to fast-track renewables into the mainstream. This analysis illustrates good practices by applying the combined metrics of effectiveness and efficiency to renewable energy policies in the electricity, heating and transport sectors. It highlights significant barriers to accelerating renewables penetration, and argues that the great potential of renewables can be exploited much more rapidly and to a much larger extent if good practices are adopted.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042216-en
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  • 28
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    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation, North of England, United Kingdom 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048942
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als North of England, UK
    DDC: 338.0640942
    RVK:
    QG 410
    RVK:
    QR 000
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Regionalpolitik ; England (Nord) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; England Nord ; Innovationsförderung
    Abstract: With 14.5 million inhabitants and an economy worth over EUR 290 billion, the North of England is larger than many European countries. At the heart of the industrial revolution, the region has been a historic centre for world-changing innovation in transport, computing and in vitro fertilisation. Yet, in the wake of massive losses in manufacturing employment over the past few decades, the region is having to adapt in order to catch up to more prosperous regions in the UK and remain competitive globally. Like many regions around the OECD, the North of England is seeking to support economic development through innovation, with strategies that build on the region's heritage while also looking to develop new strengths. This report reviews how both national policy and regional strategies support innovation in the North and how these efforts could be improved. It will be of interest to policy makers, firms and others active in promoting innovation and regional economic development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264048942-en
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  • 29
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    Space Technologies and Climate Change : Implications for Water Management, Marine Resources and Maritime Transport (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264054196
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: This book examines the contributions that space technologies can make in tackling some of the serious problems posed by climate change. Focusing on examples of water management, marine resources and maritime transport, it sets out the rationale for further developing satellite systems to measure and monitor climate change and help mitigate its consequences. The report underlines the need to consider satellites not just as research and development systems, but as an important component of a critical communication- and information-based infrastructure for modern societies. The tool box for decision makers that concludes the book reviews different methodological options for deciding on investments in space-based earth observation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264054196-en
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  • 30
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    Broadband Growth and Policies in OECD Countries (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264046764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Broadband growth and policies in OECD countries
    DDC: 384
    RVK:
    AP 18550
    Keywords: Breitbandkommunikation ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Broadband communication systems Government policy ; OECD countries ; Broadband communication systems OECD countries ; Science and Technology ; Breitbandkommunikation
    Abstract: Broadband connects consumers, businesses and governments and are now therefore a vital instrument in ensuring the competitiveness of OECD countries. This report examines broadband developments and policies, and highlights challenges such as connecting users to fibre-based networks or coverage of rural areas. It also outlines emerging issues that may need policy attention as we move to next-generation networks. The findings are also relevant to emerging and developing economies designing broadband strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046764-en
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  • 31
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    Making Life Easy for Citizens and Businesses in Portugal : Administrative Simplification and e-Government (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Tornar a Vida Mais Fácil para Cidadãos e Empresas em Portugal; Administração electrónica e simplificação
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Tornar a Vida Mais Fácil para Cidadãos e Empresas em Portugal: Administração electrónica e simplificação
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making life easy for citizens and businesses in Portugal
    DDC: 351.09469
    RVK:
    MG 66704
    Keywords: E-Government ; Portugal ; Administrative procedure Portugal ; Public administration Information resources management ; Portugal ; Public administration Portugal ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Portugal ; Portugal ; E-Government
    Abstract: Reducing the time for registering a company from weeks and months to under one hour is a concrete result of a unique and ambitious initiative in Portugal to make the public sector more efficient and effective. The Simplex initiative aims at making life easier for citizens and businesses. It focuses on how e-government can be used as a lever for broader administrative simplification, making service delivery more coherent and efficient. This is the first integrated study undertaken by the OECD to analyse administrative simplification and e-government in a national context. By bringing those two areas together in the context of public management reform, this review helps countries identify how these reform activities can best support overall government performance and economic growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264048263-en
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  • 32
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    IEA Energy Policies Review: The European Union 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043381
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. IEA energy policies review. The European Union ; 2008
    Keywords: Energy ; European Union ; Europäische Union ; Energiepolitik ; Geschichte 2008
    Abstract: For the first time, the IEA has reviewed the energy policies of the European Union which shape the energy use of almost 500 million citizens in 27 EU member countries. A unique entity governed under complex and almost constantly evolving structures, the EU constitutes a challenge for energy policy makers. Its energy policy has a global impact, not only because of its 16% share of world energy demand, but also because of the EU leadership in addressing climate change. Strong policy drives are underway in the EU to achieve the completion of the internal energy market, increase renewable energy supply, reduce CO2 emissions and make the EU more energy-efficient. Concerns about security of supply have also led to a greater focus on improved energy relations with supplier countries, and new institutional structures are being put in place. How much progress has been made in the field of security, internal market and external energy policies? And in which of these areas has the EU already implemented a fully integrated policy? IEA Energy Policies Review: The European Union - 2008 addresses these questions and also analyses the impact of the most recent major EU policy measures, in particular the Energy & Climate Package of January 2008 and the 3rd Liberalisation Package of September 2007. This book finds that both of these proposals are highly ambitious. But implementing them and reviewing both volume and allocation of energy R&D will be necessary to achieve a sustainable energy future in a fully competitive integrated EU energy market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043381-en
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  • 33
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: China 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039827
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (648 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Innovationspolitik ; China 2008; Synthesebericht
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Innovationspolitik : China 2008: Synthesebericht
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy offer a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of individual OECD member and non-member countries, focusing on the role of policy and government. The Chinese government has launched a national strategy to build an innovation-driven economy and society by 2020. Will China be able to succeed in making this challenging transition? This report assesses the current status of China’s national innovation system and policies, and recommends improvements required in both the policy and institutional environments for China to succeed in promoting innovation through a market-based approach.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039827-en
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  • 34
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Norway 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Norway
    Abstract: The key strategic task ahead for the Norwegian government is to maintain high, sustainable growth even after the depletion of oil and gas reserves. Any foreseeable restructuring of the Norwegian economy compatible with this goal will entail a shift towards knowledge-based activities for which innovation is the key determinant of competitiveness. This report assesses the current status of Norway’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where and how the government should focus its efforts to improve the country's innovation capabilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043749-en
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  • 35
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Hungary 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264054059
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy; Hungary 2008; (Hungarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Hungary 2008: (Hungarian version)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Hungary
    Abstract: This report assesses the current status of Hungary’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where and how the government should focus its efforts to improve the country's innovation capabilities. The report finds that the level of innovation activity and performance in Hungary has remained relatively low by international standards. This is attributable to both lagging innovation capabilities in the business sector and an insufficient contribution of public research organisations to the innovation system. There is a need for more stable governance of the innovation system and a more evidence-based approach to policy making in the area of science, technology and innovation policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264054059-en
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  • 36
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    Energy in the Western Balkans : The Path to Reform and Reconstruction (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy in the Western Balkans
    RVK:
    QG 490
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Südosteuropa ; Albanien ; Bosnien-Herzegowina ; Kroatien ; Nordmazedonien ; Montenegro ; Serbien ; Kosovo ; Economic development Albania ; Economic development Former Yugoslav republics ; Energy policy Balkan Peninsula ; Power resources Balkan Peninsula ; Power resources Balkan Peninsula ; Statistics ; Energy ; Balkan Peninsula Economic conditions ; Südosteuropa ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energiebilanz ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: The Western Balkans – composed of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo – is a complex region facing significant energy challenges. This is the first comprehensive review of energy policies and strategies in the Western Balkan region, and also covers important cross-cutting topics such as co-operation and energy trade, oil and gas transportation, and the links between energy and poverty. It identifies and assesses the reforms that are still needed to deliver efficient, modernised energy systems that can assist economic development, address energy poverty and reduce the environmental impacts of energy use.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042193-en
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  • 37
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    Environmental Policy, Technological Innovation and Patents (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264046825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politique environnementale, innovation technologique et dépôts de brevets
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environmental policy, technological innovation and patents
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Patent ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Kraftfahrzeug ; Papierindustrie ; Wasseraufbereitung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Technological innovations Environmental aspects ; Technological innovations Patents ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Umweltpolitik ; Umwelttechnik ; Technische Innovation ; Patentdokumentation
    Abstract: This report presents three case studies to illustrate the relationship between environmental policy and technological innovation. The case studies cover abatement technologies for wastewater effluent from pulp production, abatement of motor vehicle emissions, and development of renewable energy technologies. On the basis of patent data, the nature, extent, and causes of innovation in each of these areas have been explored. While a particular focus has been placed on the role of environmental policy in bringing about the innovation documented, it is recognised that other factors play a key role in inducing innovation that has positive environmental implications.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046825-en
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  • 38
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    Encouraging Student Interest in Science and Technology Studies (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Encouraging student interest in science and technology studies
    RVK:
    AL 39300
    Keywords: Education, Higher Aims and objectives ; Science Study and teaching (Higher) ; Technology Study and teaching (Higher) ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Hochschulbildung ; Wissenschaft ; Technologie ; Studium
    Abstract: Encouraging Student Interest in Science and Technology Studies examines overall trends in higher education enrolments and the evolution of S&T compared with other disciplines. The results suggest that although absolute numbers of S&T students have been rising as access to higher levels of education expands in OECD economies, the relative share of S&T students among the overall student population has been falling, The report shows that encouraging interest in S&T studies requires action to tackle a host of issues inside and outside the education system, ranging from teacher training and curriculum design to improving the image of S&T careers. Numerous examples of national initiatives are used to complement the analyses to derive a set of practical recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040892-en
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  • 39
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    Open Innovation in Global Networks (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264047693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Open innovation in global networks
    DDC: 338.064
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Keywords: Innovationsmanagement ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Industrial management ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Globalisierung ; Innovationsmanagement ; Corporate Network ; Innovation
    Abstract: To match the global demand and supply of innovation, businesses increasingly internationalise their innovation activities while opening their innovation process by collaborating with external partners (e.g., suppliers, customers, universities). This book examines what drives these global innovation networks across different industries, how they are related to companies' overall strategies, whether they are accessible for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and what the consequences are.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264047693-en
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  • 40
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    The Global Competition for Talent : Mobility of the Highly Skilled (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264047754
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (165 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Attirer les talents ; Les travailleurs hautement qualifiés au cœur de la concurrence internationale
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La competición global por el talento ; Movilidad de los trabajadores altamente cualificados
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The global competition for talent
    DDC: 658.3131
    RVK:
    DI 1000
    RVK:
    DV 3000
    RVK:
    MS 6960
    RVK:
    QV 230
    Keywords: Brain Drain ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Fachkraft ; Internationale Mobilität
    Abstract: This publication discusses the dimensions, significance, and policy implications of international flows of human resources in science and technology. The international mobility of highly skilled workers is increasing in scale and complexity as more economies participate in R&D and innovation activity. Mobile talent diffuses knowledge both directly and indirectly across borders. This can boost global innovation performance, with benefits accruing to both sending and receiving countries. It is clear that mobility is leading to an increasing level of labour-market internationalisation and integration, and competition for talent is now influencing innovation policy initiatives across the globe. Most countries offer a range of policies focused on assisting and encouraging mobility, although few have a specific and coherent mobility strategy. Many nations aim to attract the same pool of highly skilled talent; thus, relying on international flows to fill existing or future gaps in supply may entail risks. Addressing shortcomings in national policies that may limit domestic supply of skilled workers, and ensuring that the wider environment for innovation and scientific endeavour is sound, are key policy challenges for countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264047754-en
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  • 41
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    CO2 Capture and Storage: A Key Carbon Abatement Option (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264041417
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Gasspeicherung ; Kohlendioxid ; Unterirdische Lagerung ; Speichergestein ; Kohlendioxid ; Abscheidung ; Speicher ; Endlagerung ; Methode
    Abstract: Oil, coal and natural gas will remain the world’s dominant sources of energy over the next decades, with resulting carbon dioxide emissions set to increase to unsustainable levels. However, technologies that help reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuels can reverse this trend. CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is particularly promising. CCS takes CO2 from large stationary sources and stores it in deep geological layers to prevent its release into the atmosphere. Responding to a G8 Gleneagles request, this study documents progress toward the development of CCS, covering capture, transportation and storage technologies and their costs; storage capacity estimates, regional assessment of CCS potential; legal and regulatory frameworks; public awareness and outreach strategies; and financial mechanisms and international mechanisms. It also discusses the role of CCS in ambitious new energy scenarios that aim for substantial emissions reduction. This publication elaborates the potential of CCS in coal-fuelled electricity generation and estimates for capture in the industry and fuel transformation sectors. Finally, it assesses the infrastructure needed to process and transport large volumes of CO2.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264041417-en
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  • 42
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    Biofuel Support Policies: An Economic Assessment (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050112
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques de soutien des biocarburants ; une évaluation économique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Biofuel support policies
    DDC: 662
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: Biokraftstoff ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; USA ; EU-Staaten ; Kanada ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books ; Bioenergie ; Umweltpolitik ; Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung
    Abstract: Governments in many OECD countries, as well as in a number of countries outside the OECD area, actively promote the production and use of alternative transport fuels made from agricultural commodities. This report, jointly produced by the OECD and the IEA and drawing on information from a number of other organisations, analyses the implications of this support from various perspectives. The report shows that the high level of policy support contributes little to reduced greenhouse-gas emissions and other policy objectives, while it adds to a range of factors that raise international prices for food commodities. It concludes that there are alternatives to current support policies for biofuels that would more effectively allow governments to achieve their objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050112-en
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  • 43
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    Energy Policy Review of Indonesia (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy policy review of Indonesia
    RVK:
    QG 850
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Indonesien ; Energy ; Indonesia ; Indonesien ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: This comprehensive review offers an analysis of Indonesia’s energy sector, with findings and recommendations that draw on experience in IEA member countries. Six areas are suggested for priority attention, including progressive reduction in fuel and electricity subsidies, better implementation of policy, improving clarity of the investment framework, helping the energy regulators do their job more effectively, and harnessing a sustainable development agenda particularly renewable energy and energy efficiency.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264048294-en
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  • 44
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    Biofuels : Linking Support to Performance (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.138
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biocarburants ; Lier les politiques de soutien aux bilans énergétiques et environnementaux
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Biofuels received USD 15 billion in subsidies in OECD Member countries in 2007, but did they deliver benefits in terms of climate change or oil security? Present policies make no link between support for biofuels and their environmental performance, and biofuels do not all perform equally well. In fact, much of the current ethanol and biodiesel production may result in higher overall emissions of greenhouse gases than using conventional transport fuels - gasoline and diesel. The papers published in this report examine the economics of biofuels and assess the potential of conventional biofuel production in OECD countries, Brazilian ethanol exports and some second generation biofuels to supply world markets with transport fuels. This Round Table analyses the critical issues for governments in determining support for biofuels, particularly the level of greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life-cycle of these fuels and the wider environmental impacts of farming biomass. It also reviews recent progress in developing certification systems for biofuels – an essential tool for tying support to achievement in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, although certification cannot be expected to prevent rainforest destruction for the development of biofuel crop plantations. The report concludes with a short list of recommendations for policy reform if support for biofuels is to contribute effectively to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101803-en
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  • 45
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    Oil Dependence : Is Transport Running Out of Affordable Fuel? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102527
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.139
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pétrole et transports ; La fin des carburants à prix abordable ?
    DDC: 333.8/23213
    RVK:
    QQ 800
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Oil consumption is increasingly concentrated in transport and relatively limited fluctuations in transport demand can have increasingly significant effects on oil prices. This Round Table assesses the policy instruments available to address oil security and climate change and examines their interaction with measures to manage congestion and mitigate local air pollution. A number of incompatibilities and trade-offs are identified underlining the importance of integrated policy making. The report includes an examination of the factors that drive oil prices in the short and long term and a discussion of the outlook for oil supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102527-en
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  • 46
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    Measuring Sustainable Production (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Sustainable Development Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring sustainable production
    RVK:
    AR 26600
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Produktion
    Abstract: Most people support sustainable development without knowing what it is. What exactly are sustainable consumption and sustainable production, and how are these practices identified? This volume reviews the state-of-the-art in measuring sustainable production processes in industry. It includes metrics developed by business, trade unions, academics, NGOs, and the OECD and IEA. These measurement approaches cover the "triple bottom line" (economic, environmental and social dimensions) of industrial sustainability. In the Same Series Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Political Economy Aspects Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Economic, Environmental and Social Aspects Institutionalising Sustainable Development Further Reading Measuring Sustainable Development: Integrated Economic, Environmental and Social Frameworks
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044135-en
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  • 47
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    OECD e-Government Studies: Belgium 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055810
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Carpenter, Gwendolyn Belgium
    RVK:
    QX 810
    RVK:
    DV 2045
    Keywords: E-Government ; Belgien ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Belgium ; Belgien ; E-Government
    Abstract: Belgian citizens want the look and feel of a single public sector entity and the provision of integrated e-government services customised to their needs rather than to have to understand the complex division of governmental responsibilities. Belgium already has internationally recognised examples to show: most importantly the transformation of the social sector administration through e-governance tools, and more recently the link of e-government services to administrative-burden reduction. Future transformation will be enabled by the common electronic identity card (eID) that has been adopted by all governments. This report shows that the development and provision of the next generation of user-focused services will require the maximisation of synergies between the federal, regional and community governments and local authorities in Belgium.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055810-en
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  • 48
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    The Internationalisation of Business R&D : Evidence, Impacts and Implications (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044050
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The internationalisation of business R&D
    RVK:
    QM 355
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Keywords: OECD ; Forschung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Auslandsinvestition ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Innovationsförderung ; Globalisierung ; Science and Technology ; Konferenzschrift ; Unternehmen ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Offshoring ; Internationalisierung
    Abstract: Globalisation is quickly reshaping the international economic landscape, resulting in an increasing global supply of science and technology (S&T) resources and capabilities. This book analyses trends in the offshoring of R&D, examines its drivers and motivations, and identifies implications for innovation policy. It examines the internationalisation of R&D through foreign direct investment (FDI) by multinational enterprises (MNEs), which account for the bulk of business R&D in the OECD area. It also discusses complementary aspects of the global innovation landscape, such as the internationalisation of science, the growing importance of international technology co-operation and the growing international mobility of researchers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044050-en
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  • 49
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    Mind the Gap : Quantifying Principal-Agent Problems in Energy Efficiency (2007)
    Paris : Intern. Energy Agency. Head of Communication and Information Off.
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264038950
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Mind the gap
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energieversorgung ; Klimawandel ; Entwicklung ; Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie ; Japan ; USA ; Niederlande ; Norwegen ; Australien ; G7-Staaten ; Energy conservation ; Energy consumption ; Energy policy ; Energy ; Energieeinsparung ; Energie ; Effizienz ; Hindernis ; Agency-Theorie
    Abstract: Mind the Gap is an unprecedented attempt to quantify the size of one of the most pervasive barriers to energy efficiency – principal-agent problems, or in common parlance, variations on the ‘landlord-tenant’ problem. In doing so, the book provides energy analysts and economists with unique insights into the amount of energy affected by principal-agent problems. Using an innovative methodology applied to eight case studies (covering commercial and residential sectors, and end-use appliances) from five different IEA countries, the analysis identifies over 3 800 PJ/year of affected energy use – that is, around 85% of the annual energy use of a country the size of Spain. The book builds on these findings to suggest a range of possible policy solutions that can reduce the impact of principal-agent problems and help policy makers mind the energy efficiency gap.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264038950-en
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  • 50
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    Energy Security and Climate Policy - Assessing Interactions (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109940
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lefèvre, Nicolas Energy security and climate policy
    DDC: 333.79
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energieversorgung ; Klimawandel ; Welt ; Energy ; Energie ; Umwelt ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: World energy demand is surging. Oil, coal and natural gas still meet most global energy needs, creating serious implications for the environment. One result is that CO2 emissions, the principal cause of global warming, are rising. This new study underlines the close link between efforts to ensure energy security and those to mitigate climate change. Decisions on one side affect the other. To optimise the efficiency of their energy policy, OECD countries must consider energy security and climate change mitigation priorities jointly. The bookpresents a framework to assess interactions between energy security and climate change policies, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. The quantitative analysis is based on the development of energy security indicators, tracking the evolution of policy concerns linked to energy resource concentration. The “indicators” are applied to a reference scenario and CO2 policy cases for five case-study countries: The Czech Republic, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Simultaneously resolving energy security and environmental concerns is a key challenge for policy makers today. This study helps chart the course.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109940-en
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  • 51
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    OECD e-Government Studies: Turkey 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028456
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD e-Government Studies; Turkey (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD e-Government Studies: Turkey (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Turkey
    RVK:
    DV 2815
    RVK:
    QG 500
    RVK:
    QX 840
    Keywords: E-Government ; Türkei ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Turkey
    Abstract: Turkey’s e-government efforts received new emphasis in the last three years. The election of a new government brought forward an agenda including public sector modernisation using e-government. Turkey has since made considerable progress with e-government. This review identifies several strategic opportunities. One opportunity is to stimulate the provision of e-services and e-commerce by increasing access to high-speed Internet throughout the country. A second opportunity is to skip the initial stages of e-government applications -- characterised by isolated islands of development -- and instead promote a more “joined up” government. A third opportunity is to use the existing base of 46 million mobile telephones as a communication channel between the government and its citizens. The review also identifies several major challenges. One challenge is bridging the digital divide between urban and rural populations, men and women, and young and old. A second challenge is public sector modernisation in terms of increased transparency and accountability. A third challenge is making sure that investments in e-government are valuable, i.e. that benefits are larger than costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028456-en
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  • 52
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy China : Synthesis Report (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039643
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China has maintained very rapid economic growth and development over several decades, but it now faces the challenge of ensuring that further progress – economic, social and environmental – will be both sustainable and comprehensive. This will require fostering innovation, which can play a major role in achieving that goal. Economic reforms, including the launch of the “open door” policy, prepared the ground for the Chinese economy’s nearly three decades of extraordinary performance. China’s re-emergence as a major power in the world economy is one of the most significant developments in modern history...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039643-en
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  • 53
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    Genetic Testing: A Survey of Quality Assurance and Proficiency Standards (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032026
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report presents the results of a survey of over 800 genetic testing laboratory directors in 18 OECD countries. It provides the first detailed overview of the availability and extent of molecular genetic testing across OECD member countries. The survey allowed the OECD to compare practices in individual countries in order to inform international action in setting standards and developing guidelines for practice. Based on the survey results, the report puts forward recommendations for action for better quality assurance and proficiency of molecular genetic testing. It shows, for example, that requirements for licensing and accreditation/certification of diagnostic molecular genetic testing laboratories have not penetrated OECD countries to a high degree or with any consistency. Considerable variations exist in mechanisms of licensing, certification and accreditation, including the standards by which tests are performed, results are reported, and the qualifications for laboratory personnel.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032026-en
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  • 54
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    Participative Web and User-Created Content : Web 2.0, Wikis and Social Networking (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037472
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Participative web and user-created content
    DDC: 006.7
    RVK:
    AP 15965
    Keywords: Web 2.0-Technologien ; Social Web ; Science and Technology ; Soziale Software ; World Wide Web 2.0
    Abstract: Drawing on an expanding array of intelligent web services and applications, a growing number of people are creating, distributing and exploiting user-created content (UCC) and being part of the wider participative web. This study describes the rapid growth of UCC and its increasing role in worldwide communication, and draws out implications for policy. Questions addressed include: What is user-created content? What are its key drivers, its scope and different forms? What are the new value chains and business models? What are the extent and form of social, cultural and economic opportunities and impacts? What are the associated challenges? Is there a government role, and what form could it take?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037472-en
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  • 55
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: South Africa 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264038240
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; South Africa
    Abstract: A comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of South Africa, focusing on the role of government, and providing concrete recommendations on how to improve policies which impact on innovation performance, including R&D policies. Post-apartheid South Africa has succeeded in swiftly opening its economy to international trade and capital flows, and in stabilising the economy while achieving reasonably good growth performance, mainly driven by productivity gains. However, important socio-economic problems persist, especially unemployment, poverty and the exclusion of a large fraction of the population from the formal economy. The country is now in the middle of two more specifically economic transitions: i) responding to globalisation and ii) transforming the structure of the economy away from its former heavy dependence on primary resource production and associated commodity-based industries. In this context, enhancing innovation capabilities is key to a sustained improvement of living standards based on productivity-driven growth. This review assesses the national innovation system of South Africa from this perspective, identifying areas and means for improvement with an emphasis on the role of public research organisations and policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264038240-en
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  • 56
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    Instrument Mixes for Environmental Policy (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018419
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques de l'environnement ; Quelles combinaisons d'instruments ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Braathen, Nils Axel Instrument mixes for environmental policy
    DDC: 363.7063
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: OECD ; Umweltpolitik ; Policy-Mix ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation ; Analyse ; Instrument ; Energy ; Environment ; Umweltbelastung ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: What are the impacts on environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency of using an “instrument mix”, rather than a single instrument, to address a given environmental problem? What are the main arguments for using such instrument mixes, and are the instrument mixes currently in use actually well designed in response to these arguments? These are the main questions addressed in this report, which is based on a series of in-depth case studies. The case studies analyse instrument mixes applied in OECD countries to address household waste, non-point sources of water pollution in agriculture, residential energy efficiency, regional air pollution and emissions to air of mercury.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018419-en
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  • 57
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    The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy : Executive Summary (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037274
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Analysis carried out in this report indicates that international trade in counterfeit and pirated products could have been up to USD 200 billion in 2005. This total does not include domestically produced and consumed counterfeit and pirated products and the significant volume of pirated digital products being distributed via the Internet. If these items were added, the total magnitude of counterfeiting and piracy worldwide could well be several hundred billion dollars more. Counterfeiting and piracy are illicit businesses in which criminal networks thrive. The report shows that the items that they and other counterfeiters and pirates produce and distribute are often substandard and can even be dangerous, posing health and safety risks that range from mild to life-threatening. Economy-wide, counterfeiting and piracy undermine innovation, which is key to economic growth. The magnitude and effects of counterfeiting and piracy are of such significance that they compel strong and sustained action from governments, business and consumers. More effective enforcement is critical in this regard, as is the need to build public support to combat the counterfeiting and piracy. Increased co-operation between governments, and with industry, would be beneficial, as would better data collection.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037274-en
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  • 58
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    Energy Use in the New Millennium : Trends in IEA Countries (2007)
    Paris : Intern. Energy Agency. Head of Communication and Information Off.
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy indicators
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Energy use in the new millennium
    DDC: 333.79
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energiekonsum ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Luftverschmutzung ; Welt ; Energy ; Energieverbrauch ; Industrie ; Dienstleistungssektor ; Verkehr ; Haushalt ; Internationale Energieagentur ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Energieverbrauch ; Energiepolitik ; Kohlendioxidemission ; Klimaänderung ; Geschichte 1990-2004
    Abstract: Responding to a Gleneagles G8 Summit request, this book shows how changes in energy efficiency, economic structure, income, prices and fuel mix have affected recent trends in energy use and CO2 emissions in IEA countries. The results are a “wake-up call” for us all. Since 1990, the rate of energy efficiency improvement in IEA countries has been less than 1% per year – much lower than in previous decades and not nearly enough to stem the growth of CO2 emissions. If we are to tackle climate change and move towards a sustainable energy future then this rate will need to double. We must – and we can – do better!
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034303-en
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  • 59
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Chile 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037526
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudios de la OECD sobre políticas de innovación; Chile 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudios de la OECD sobre políticas de innovación: Chile 2007
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Chile
    Abstract: The OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy offer a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of individual OECD member and non-member countries, focusing on the role of government. A growing political awareness of the importance of innovation for the Chile’s future has recently translated into two bold decisions: the creation of an Innovation Council for Competitiveness entrusted with the mission of proposing guidelines for a long-term national innovation strategy; and the introduction of a specific mining tax to increase resources available to implement this strategy. This report assesses the current status of Chile’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where improvements are most needed in order to make the most efficient use of this additional public investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037526-en
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    Innovation in Nuclear Energy Technology (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264006454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovation dans la technologie nucléaire
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Innovation has been a driving force in the successful deployment of nuclear energy and remains essential today for its sustainable future. As nuclear energy is an attractive option for ensuring diversity and security of energy supply, as well as lower global climate change risks, the way to continue this innovation is a key issue for industry and interested governments. This report provides an overview of the state of the art in nuclear innovation systems, including their driving forces, main actors, institutional and legal frameworks, and infrastructure for knowledge and programme management. It also offers policy recommendations based on country reports and case studies supplied by participating member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264006454-en
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    The Space Economy at a Glance 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040847
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama économique du secteur spatial 2007
    Keywords: Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Space applications are becoming an increasingly important part of everyday life. Weather forecasting, air traffic control, global communications and broadcasting, disaster management -- these and many other key activities would be almost unthinkable today without satellite technology. The space industry itself is relatively small compared to other manufacturing sectors, but its technological dynamism and strategic significance mean that it plays an ever more critical role in modern society. Paradoxically, it also figures among the sectors which are the least developed in terms of robust, internationally comparable statistics and data. This book attempts to rectify that situation by assembling information from a wide range of official and non-official sources. Together these paint a richly detailed picture of the space industry, its downstream services activities, and its wider economic and social impacts. Who are the main space-faring nations? How large are revenues and how much employment is there in the sector? How much R&D goes on, and where? What is the value of spin-offs from space spending? Answers to these and other questions are provided in this first-ever OECD statistical overview of the emerging space economy. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for graphs, which directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel® format.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040847-en
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  • 62
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: New Zealand 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037618
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; New Zealand
    Abstract: This comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of New Zealand examines how innovation has affected economic performance in New Zealand. It looks at who the actors are and how they are related to each other. And it examines in detail the role of the government and the effectiveness of the system. Finally, it makes a series of recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037618-en
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  • 63
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    OECD e-Government Studies: Netherlands 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Carpenter, Gwendolyn Netherlands
    Keywords: E-Government ; Niederlande ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; E-Government
    Abstract: Rather than pursuing e-government as an end in itself, the Netherlands is seeking to use ICT tools to reduce administrative burdens and improve service delivery. Internationally, the Netherlands is at the forefront of administrative burden reduction, which is a major political priority and an important justification for e-government development. This volume examines questions such as whether the goal of reducing administrative burdens is sufficient in itself for e-government to transform public administrations. Further, how can the public sector build partnerships across levels of government to deliver ICT-enabled end-to-end services that simplify the relationship with citizens and businesses? This report is in English only. However, a French translation of the Assessment and Proposals for Action has been included in this volume.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030299-en
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  • 64
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Luxembourg 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264010284
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques d'innovation ; Luxembourg 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques d'innovation : Luxembourg 2007
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: This OECD Review of Innovation Policy offers a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Luxembourg, focusing on the role of government. It provides concrete recommendations on reforms needed to ensure that additional public investment in R&D will yield the expected economic and social benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264010284-en
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  • 65
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    Infrastructure to 2030 (Vol.2) : Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (506 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) ; Électricité, eau et transports ; quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 (Vol. 2) : Électricité, eau et transports : quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Infrastructure to 2030 ; Vol. 2: Mapping policy for electricity, water and transport
    Keywords: Infrastrukturpolitik ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrspolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Russian Federation ; OECD ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Wasserversorgung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Telekommunikationswirtschaft ; Prognose 2030
    Abstract: Infrastructure systems play a vital role in economic and social development. Demand for infrastructure is set to continue to expand significantly in the decades ahead, driven by major factors of change such as global economic growth, technological progress, climate change, urbanisation and growing congestion. However, challenges abound: many parts of infrastructure systems in OECD countries are ageing rapidly, public finances are becoming increasingly tight and infrastructure financing is becoming more complex. This book assesses the future viability of current "business models" in five infrastructure sectors: electricity, water, rail freight, urban mass transit and road transport. It proposes policy recommendations that aim to enhance capacity to meet future infrastructure needs, including measures that could be taken by governments both collectively and individually to create more favourable institutional, policy and regulatory frameworks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031326-en
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    Climate Policy Uncertainty and Investment Risk (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Blyth, William Climate policy uncertainty and investment risk
    RVK:
    QT 200
    RVK:
    AR 28000
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Energiewirtschaft ; Investition ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Energy industries Environmental aspects ; Energy policy ; Investments Environmental aspects ; Power resources Government policy ; Energy ; Klimaschutz ; Energiewirtschaft ; Investitionsverhalten ; Risikokosten
    Abstract: Our climate is changing. Less certain, however, is the timing and magnitude of climate change, and the cost of transition to a low-carbon world. This book identifies how climate change policy uncertainty may affect investment behaviour in the power sector. For power companies, where capital stock is intensive and long-lived, those risks rank among the biggest and can create an incentive to delay investment. Our analysis results show that the risk premiums of climate change uncertainty can add 40% of construction costs of the plant for power investors, and 10% of price surcharges for the electricity end-users. Climate Policy Uncertainty and Investment Risk tells what can be done in policy design to reduce these costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030152-en
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    Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions (2007)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030404
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy indicators
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Tracking industrial energy efficiency and CO 2 emissions
    DDC: 333.79/65
    RVK:
    AR 26640
    Keywords: Energieversorgung ; Energiemanagement ; Energiekonsum ; Energieökonomik ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Umweltbelastung ; Welt ; Energy ; Industrie ; Energieeinsparung ; Kohlendioxidemission ; Reduktion ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions responds to a G8 request. This major new analysis shows how industrial energy efficiency has improved dramatically over the last 25 years. Yet important opportunities for additional gains remain, which is evident when the efficiencies of different countries are compared. This analysis identifies the leaders and the laggards. It explains clearly a complex issue for non-experts. With new statistics, groundbreaking methodologies, thorough analysis and advice, and substantial industry consultation, this publication equips decision makers in the public and private sectors with the essential information that is needed to reshape energy use in manufacturing in a more sustainable manner.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030404-en
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    OECD e-Government Studies: Hungary 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030527
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wang, Yih-Jeou Hungary
    RVK:
    MG 98704
    RVK:
    QQ 000
    Keywords: E-Government ; Ungarn ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Hungary ; Ungarn ; E-Government
    Abstract: E-Government in Hungary has been driven by the overarching national goal to integrate Hungary in the European Union. Strong political leadership has lead to results in a short space of time, including the online availability of 20 core e-government services benchmarked by the EU, as well as other transactional services. The review draws several important lessons from the Hungarian experience: Hungary has moved forward by adopting international good practices, rather than re-inventing the wheel. In order to continue progress, however, Hungary needs to focus on the bigger picture which means using e-government to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the public sector, i.e. better government, not more government. This review also identifies the challenges that Hungary will face in order to meet these new objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030527-en
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    Integrating Science & Technology into Development Policies : An International Perspective (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032101
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Workshop on International Science and Technology Co-operation for Sustainable Development (2005) Integrating science and technology into development policies
    RVK:
    QG 700
    Keywords: Technologietransfer ; Wissenstransfer ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Konferenzschrift ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD ; Technologietransfer
    Abstract: Science and Technology is a key driver of economic growth, and it may also help provide answers for managing resources and reducing pollution, addressing climate change and preserving biodiversity, as well as reducing disease and safeguarding health and well-being, while maintaining the general quality of life. This publication provides the proceedings of an international workshop, held in South Africa, intended to address how international co-operation in science and technology can further the three inter-related aspects (economic, social and environmental) of the development process. The workshop focused on good practices in international S&T partnerships, specifically in the areas of water and energy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032101-en
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  • 70
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    Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators in a Changing World : Responding to Policy Needs (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Science, technology and innovation indicators in a changing world
    DDC: 338.926
    RVK:
    AK 26700
    RVK:
    QC 344
    RVK:
    QN 200
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Konferenzschrift ; Wissenschaftspolitik ; Technische Innovation
    Abstract: As the world interconnects, science, technology and innovation policies cannot be seen as standing alone. There is a growing interest from central banks and ministries of finance in improving the understanding of how science, technology and innovation create value in the form of increased productivity and profits, and contribute to the valuation of enterprises, and ultimately stimulate the growth and competitiveness of economies. This conference proceedings of the OECD Blue Sky II Forum describes some of the policy needs, measurement issues, and challenges in describing cross-cutting and emerging topics in science, technology and innovation (STI). It also presents ideas to exploit existing data and develop new frameworks of measurement in order to guide future development of STI indicators at the OECD and beyond.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039667-en
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  • 71
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    Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development : Political Economy Aspects (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019379
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Sustainable Development Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Subsidy reform and sustainable development
    RVK:
    AR 14300
    RVK:
    QD 020
    RVK:
    QL 300
    Keywords: Subvention ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: Unsustainable subsidies are pervasive in the industry, agriculture, transport and energy sectors of most OECD countries. They are expensive for governments and can have harmful environmental and social effects. Eliminating these supports requires comprehensive approaches which are supported by top political leadership, transparent in their potential effects on all parties, consistent over the long-term, and often accompanied by transition supports. This volume uses sectoral case studies to illustrate that achieving change in structural policies such as subsidies depends largely on good governance practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019379-en
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  • 72
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    Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Generation : Case studies of recently constructed coal- and gas-fired power plants (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Kraftwerk ; Fossiler Brennstoff ; Kohlendioxidemission
    Abstract: To meet future energy demand growth and replace older or inefficient units, a large number of fossil fuel-fired plants will need to bebuilt worldwide in the next decade. Yet CO2 emissions from fossil-fired power generation are a major contributor to climate change. As a result, new plants must be designed and operated at highest efficiency. The case studies in this report respond to a request to the IEA from the G8 Summit in July 2005 to illustrate the degree of efficiency now achieved in modern plants in different parts of the world using various grades of fossil fuels. The plants were selected from different geographical areas, because local factors influence attainable efficiency. The results of these analyses show that the technologies for high efficiency (low CO2 emissions) and very low conventional pollutant emissions (particulates, SO2, NOx) from fossil fuel-fired power generation are available now through PCC, IGCC or NGCC at a commercially acceptable cost.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039094-en
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    Oil Supply Security: Emergency Response of IEA Countries 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040045
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Oil supply security
    DDC: 333.823211
    RVK:
    QR 534
    Keywords: Energieversorgung ; Erdölkonsum ; Welt ; Energy ; Erdölindustrie ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: When Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf of Mexico in 2005, the region’s oil production and refining infrastructure was devastated and world energy markets were disrupted. The International Energy Agency decided in a matter of days to bring 60 million barrels of additional oil to the market. The emergency response system worked – the collective action helped to stabilise global markets. This book describes the oil emergency response systems of IEA countries and assesses how well prepared the IEA is to deal with an oil supply disruption.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040045-en
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  • 74
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    Legal Aspects of Storing CO2 : Update and Recommendations (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034136
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 363.738/746
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: CO2 emissions from energy production and consumption are a major contributor to climate change. Thus, stabilising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by reducing these emissions is an increasingly urgent international necessity. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) represents one of the most promising potential solutions to contain emissions resulting from continued use of coal and other fossil fuels. However, challenges such as a lack of legal and regulatory frameworks to guide near-term demonstration projects and long-term technology expansion must be addressed to facilitate the expanded use of CCS. In October 2006, the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) convened with legal experts,to discuss the range of legal issues associated with expanded use of CCS and to identify ways to facilitate further CCS development and implementation Participants examined gaps and barriers to the deployment of CCS and identified recommendations to guide further development of appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks. This publication provides policymakers with a detailed summary of the main legal issues surrounding the CCS debate, including up-to-date background information, case studies and conclusions on the best legal and regulatory approaches to advance CCS. These strategies can be used to enable further development, deployment and demonstration of CCS technology, potentially an essential element in global efforts to mitigate climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034136-en
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    Creation and Governance of Human Genetic Research Databases (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028531
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sampogna, Christina Creation and governance of human genetic research databases
    Keywords: Human genetics Databases ; Law and legislation ; Congresses ; Human genetics Databases ; Moral and ethical aspects ; Congresses ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Humangenetik ; Forschung ; Genanalyse ; Datenbank
    Abstract: Large-scale study of populations may contribute significantly to science’s understanding of the complex multi-factorial basis of disease and to improvements in prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment and cure. This book summarises the proceedings of a conference on human genetic research databases. It examines what they are and provides a number of examples. It looks at how they have been established, governed, and funded. And it looks at how they are managed and commercialised, exploring what the policy implications are for governments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028531-en
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    Angola : Towards an Energy Strategy (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109681
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Angola
    RVK:
    QG 720
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energiewirtschaft ; Angola ; Energy ; Angola ; Angola ; Energieplanung ; Energiepolitik ; Empfehlung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Erdölproduktion ; Erdgasproduktion ; Biomasse
    Abstract: At the request of the Angolan government in 2005, the IEA conducted a survey of the Angolan energy sector and energy policies. This resulting report on Angola focuses on areas for priority action and hones in on energy subsectors likely to play the largest role in meeting domestic demand for modern energy services: notably electricity and oil products. As biomass currently plays an immense role in meeting the bulk of the energy needs of Angolan households, this sub-sector is also featured, with emphasis on improving the sustainability of this renewable energy source. This study offers a realistic update on Angola’s present day energy situation and identifies the main priorities which could form the basis of an effective overall energy strategy. It also provides lessons that could be applicable in many other developing countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109681-en
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    Government R&D Funding and Company Behaviour : Measuring Behavioural Additionality (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264025851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (243 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Government R & D funding and company behaviour
    RVK:
    QP 210
    RVK:
    QR 380
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Forschungsfinanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Business Research ; Business Research ; Finance ; Science and Technology ; Forschungsförderung ; Effizienzmessung ; Unternehmen ; Innovation ; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
    Abstract: How does government funding of corporate R&D affect the behaviour of firms? Ongoing efforts to boost business investment in R&D demand better methods of evaluating the effectiveness of government policy instruments. Efforts to explicitly measure changes in the ways firms conduct R&D as a result of government policy – so-called “behavioural additionality” effects – have remained relatively underdeveloped. This publication explores the emerging concept of behavioural additionality and summarises results of a multinational effort to develop better ways of measuring it. Evaluations should investigate not only how much additional business R&D spending is stimulated by government support or how much additional output is generated as a result, but also how government funding influences the conduct and direction of business R&D.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264025851-en
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    Innovation in Energy Technology : Comparing National Innovation Systems at the Sectoral Level (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014084
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation in energy technology
    RVK:
    QR 536
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energietechnik ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Brennstoffzelle ; Energiepolitik ; Energietechnik ; Innovationsförderung ; Wasserstoffenergietechnik ; Technologiepolitik
    Abstract: This report reviews efforts under way in a number of OECD countries to advance innovation in energy technology, with a particular focus on hydrogen fuel cells. It compares energy innovation systems in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Norway, the United Kingdom and United States to identify the roles of government, industry, universities and other public research organisations in the innovation process. It also examines the policies governments are implementing to finance needed research and development and to stimulate market demand for innovative energy technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014084-en
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    Slovak Republic : Energy Policy Review 2005 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This review analyses the Slovak energy sector and policies, and provides recommendations for the government. It is a comprehensive assessment of what constitutes a remarkable case study of effective energy reforms in an economy in transition, which has applied for IEA membership.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109667-en
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  • 80
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    OECD Biotechnology Statistics - 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (157 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD Biotechnology Statistics – 2006 edition brings together the latest available economic and activity data on biotechnology and innovation, collected by OECD member and a number of nonmember countries. The report builds on the extensive work of the OECD and national experts to improve the comparability of biotechnology statistics. The results should provide a valuable source of information on biotechnology for policy makers, academics and business managers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015821-en
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Switzerland 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264029750
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques d'innovation ; Suisse 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques d'innovation : Suisse 2006
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Switzerland’s innovation performance is among the best in the world. But further raising the level of innovation is of key importance for boosting Switzerland’s economic growth and maintaining high living standards in an increasingly globalised world. This comprehensive review suggests some reforms in innovation policy which would help to cope with this challenge.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264029750-en
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  • 82
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    Ukraine : Energy Policy Review 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109926
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Ukraine has one of the most energy-intensive economies in the industrialised world. While energy consumption has dropped since the country’s independence, reliance on imports, particularly on gas from Russia, has not declined. This report examines how the Ukraine can meet these challenges. It identifies three key priority areas for action: energy efficiency, cost-reflective pricing and transparency. Efficiency represents not only Ukraine’s single best opportunity to improve energy security but is also vital for the country’s growth and development. The report covers all aspects of the energy sector, such as energy demand, the policy framework and subsectors including energy efficiency, oil, gas, coal, electricity, district heating and renewable energy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109926-en
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  • 83
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    The Implications of WiMAX for Competition and Regulation (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: An introduction to WiMAX and its regulatory implications.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065918-en
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  • 84
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    Are Students Ready for a Technology-Rich World? : What PISA Studies Tell Us (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264036093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Haben Schüler das Rüstzeug für eine technologieintensive Welt?; Erkenntnisse aus den PISA-Studien
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Haben Schüler das Rüstzeug für eine technologieintensive Welt?: Erkenntnisse aus den PISA-Studien
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Are students ready for a technology-rich world?
    RVK:
    DI 1000
    RVK:
    DO 8000
    RVK:
    DV 1000
    RVK:
    DV 3000
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Informationstechnik ; Welt ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Schüler ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Globalisierung ; PISA-Studie
    Abstract: ICT has profound implications for education, both because ICT can facilitate new forms of learning and because it has become important for young people to master ICT in preparation for adult life. But how extensive is access to ICT in schools and informal settings and how is it used by students? Drawing on data from the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Are Students Ready for a Technology-Rich World? What PISA Studies Tell Us, examines whether access to computers for students is equitable across countries and student groups; how students use ICT and what their attitudes are towards ICT; the relationship between students’ access to and use of ICT and their performance in PISA 2003; and the implications for educational policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264036093-en
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  • 85
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    OECD e-Government Studies: Denmark 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264012356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Denmark
    Keywords: E-Government ; Dänemark ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Denmark ; Dänemark ; E-Government
    Abstract: This book presents a systematic overview of the development of and challenges facing e-government in Denmark. It includes an examination of the context and structure within which e-government operates; the case for e-government, and external barriers to e-government. It then examines planning and leadership issues, organisational change, common frameworks and collaboration, user focus, and monitoring and evaluation. Two case studies and six annexes supplement the main report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264012356-en
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  • 86
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    Renewable Energy RD&D Priorities : Insights from IEA Technology Programme (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109568
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hara, Nobuyuki Renewable energy: RD&D priorities
    DDC: 333.794
    RVK:
    QR 536
    Keywords: Erneuerbare Energie ; Energieversorgung ; Energietechnik ; Welt ; Energy ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energiepolitik ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Investitionsförderung
    Abstract: This comprehensive survey of renewable energy RD&D is intended to provide guidance for the mid- and long-term development of renewable energy technologies. RD&D investment in renewable energy technologies has declined over the past 18 years. At the same time, market deployment funding has increased, but the market share of renewables has decreased. Energy supply from technologies that were close to being competitive in the early 70s, such as hydropower, biomass combustion and geothermal, has not subsequently grown at the same rate as the total primary energy supply. This book reviews the current status of the portfolio of renewable technologies and provides guidance on their development. It explores the options for the RD&D to achieve breakthroughs that will lead to large-scale markets and identifies what activities should take priority. It also looks at the benefits of increased RD&D funding in terms of technological advancement and cost improvement. Country reports provide information on national renewable RD&D budgets and programme trends.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109568-en
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  • 87
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    Infrastructure to 2030 : Telecom, Land Transport, Water and Electricity (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264023994
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 ; Télécommunications, transports terrestres, eau et électricité
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 : Télécommunications, transports terrestres, eau et électricité
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Infrastructure to 2030 ; [Vol. 1]: Telecom, land transport, water and electricity
    RVK:
    QD 200
    Keywords: 2004-2030 ; Infrastruktur ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Wasserversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; OECD ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Wasserversorgung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Telekommunikationswirtschaft ; Prognose 2030
    Abstract: Energy, transport, water and telecommunications all are essential to future development and growth. However, infrastructure investment requirements over the coming decades will be massive, running into trillions of dollars. How will the needed investments be financed, given that OECD populations are ageing fast and public finances tightening? How will such factors as urbanisation, climate change and globalisation affect the development of infrastructures in OECD countries? And how will the role of the public sector and private actors evolve over time? These are just some of the questions this OECD report addresses in this long-term assessment of the future of infrastructures in both OECD and non-OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264023994-en
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  • 88
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    Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms, Volume 1 : OECD Consensus Documents (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264095380
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380 p.)
    Series Statement: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of transgenic organisms ; Vol. 1
    RVK:
    WG 3450
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transgene Pflanzen ; Umweltgefährdung ; Risikoanalyse
    Abstract: These OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents identify elements of scientific information used in the environmental safety and risk assessment of transgenic organisms which are common to OECD member countries. This is intended to encourage information sharing and prevent duplication of effort among countries. This book offers ready access to those consensus documents which have been published thus far. As such, it should be of value to applicants for commercial uses of transgenic crops, regulators in national authorities as well as the wider scientific community. More information on the OECD's work related to the biosafety of transgenic organisms is found at BioTrack Online (http://www.oecd.org/biotrack).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264095380-en
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  • 89
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    Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms, Volume 2 : OECD Consensus Documents (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264095403
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.)
    Series Statement: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    WG 3450
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transgene Pflanzen ; Umweltgefährdung ; Risikoanalyse
    Abstract: These OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents identify elements of scientific information used in the environmental safety and risk assessment of transgenic organisms which are common to OECD member countries. This is intended to encourage information sharing and prevent duplication of effort among countries. This book offers ready access to those consensus documents which have been published thus far. As such, it should be of value to applicants for commercial uses of transgenic crops, regulators in national authorities as well as the wider scientific community. More information on the OECD's work related to the biosafety of transgenic organisms is found at BioTrack Online (http://www.oecd.org/biotrack).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264095403-en
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  • 90
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    Utilities Reforms And Corruption In Developing Countries (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Utilities Reforms And Corruption In Developing Countries
    Keywords: Data ; Data Analysis ; Databases ; E-Business ; Electricity ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; International Telecommunications ; Mobile Phones ; Performance ; Performance Indicators ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Private Security ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Development ; Town Water Supply ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Data ; Data Analysis ; Databases ; E-Business ; Electricity ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; International Telecommunications ; Mobile Phones ; Performance ; Performance Indicators ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Private Security ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Development ; Town Water Supply ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Data ; Data Analysis ; Databases ; E-Business ; Electricity ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; International Telecommunications ; Mobile Phones ; Performance ; Performance Indicators ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Private Security ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Development ; Town Water Supply ; Water Supply and Sanitation
    Abstract: This paper shows empirically that "privatization" in the energy, telecommunications, and water sectors, and the introduction of independent regulators in those sectors, have not always had the expected effects on access, affordability, or quality of services. It also shows that corruption leads to adjustments in the quantity, quality, and price of services consistent with the profit-maximizing behavior that one would expect from monopolies in the sector. The results suggest that privatization and the introduction of independent regulators have, at best, only partial effects on the consequences of corruption for access, affordability, and quality of utility services
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  • 91
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    OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies: Norway 2006 : Information Security (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264025516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Norway
    RVK:
    MS 1190
    RVK:
    ST 277
    Keywords: Datensicherheit ; Norwegen ; Science and Technology ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Computersicherheit ; Internet ; Datenschutz ; Innere Sicherheit
    Abstract: The development of information and communication technologies and networks, and in particular that of the Internet, has gone hand in hand with the emergence of new types of malevolent actions called cyber-crime: viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and the like. While a number of factors make a strong case for governmental action in the area of information security, there are also important limits to what governments can achieve. This review, the first in a series of risk management policy reviews being conducted by the OECD, identifies areas of good practice in Norway's policies for information security, as well as areas where improvements could be made. For areas that could benefit from improvement, it proposes opportunities for action and, when possible, suggests alternatives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264025516-en
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  • 92
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    China's Power Sector Reforms: Where to next? (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China's power sector reforms
    RVK:
    QG 860
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Elektrizitätspolitik ; China ; Energy ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energiemarkt ; Reform
    Abstract: In 2005, China added the equivalent of all the power plants in Norway and Sweden to its electricity generating capacity - and its remarkable demand growth shows no sign of abating. But how can the government best assure affordable and environmentally sustainable electricity supply in the future? Assessing the current state of electricity regulation in China, this report draws on experience elsewhere to explore how better to develop and communicate strategy, how to moderate growth in demand through increased efficiency, how to integrate environmental goals into planning and operation, how to ensure sufficient supply when and where it is needed, and how to handle institutional and governance challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109889-en
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  • 93
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    Optimising Russian Natural Gas : Reform and Climate Policy (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Optimising Russian natural gas
    RVK:
    QG 480
    RVK:
    QR 534
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Rahmenübereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen über Klimaänderungen ; Gaswirtschaft ; Erdgasvorkommen ; Gasversorgung ; Umweltbelastung ; Klimaschutz ; Internationale Umweltpolitik ; Russland ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltschutz ; Energiequelle ; Energieträger ; Erdgas ; Schadstoffemission ; Reduktion ; Rückgang ; Implementation ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Umweltzertifikathandel ; Treibhausgas ; Methan ; Energy ; Russland ; Russland ; Energieeinsparung ; Technologie ; Umweltpolitik ; Erdgasproduktion
    Abstract: The world’s largest gas producer and exporter, Russia has an enormous energy saving potential. At least 30 billion cubic meters – a fifth of Russian exports to European OECD countries -- could be saved every year by enhanced technology or energy efficiency. As the era of cheap gas in Russia comes to an end, this potential saving is increasingly important for Russians and importing countries. This book analyses and estimates the potential savings and the associated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that could be achieved in the oil extraction (flaring), gas transmission and distribution sectors. It also describes Russia’s emerging climate policy and institutional framework, including work still ahead before the country is eligible for the Kyoto Protocol’s flexibility mechanisms and can attract financing for greenhouse gas reductions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109872-en
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  • 94
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    Innovation and Knowledge-Intensive Service Activities (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264022744
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (179 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovation and Knowledge-Intensive Service Activities; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation and knowledge-intensive service activities
    DDC: 909.821
    RVK:
    QR 560
    Keywords: Unternehmensdienstleistung ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; Innovationsmanagement
    Abstract: From research and development to legal and marketing services, a wide range of knowledge-intensive service activities (KISAs) enables firms and public sector organisations to better innovate. This publication examines the contribution of knowledge-intensive services to the acquisition and growth of innovation capabilities in firms and public sector organisations. It focuses on KISAs in four industy sectors: software, health care, tourism and leisure, and resource-based industries such as mining technology services, aquaculture and forestry. The analysis derives from a series of surveys and case studies undertaken in nine OECD countries: Australia, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway and Spain.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264022744-en
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  • 95
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    Innovation in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology : Comparing National Innovation Systems at the Sectoral Level (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014046
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (187 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation in pharmaceutical biotechnology
    DDC: 615.19
    RVK:
    QR 525
    Keywords: Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; Biotechnologie ; Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt ; Belgien ; Finnland ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Japan ; Niederlande ; Norwegen ; Spanien ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Biopharmazie ; Industriepolitik ; Pharmazeutische Technologie ; Innovationsförderung ; Technologiepolitik ; Pharmazeutische Technologie ; Biotechnologie ; Innovation ; Biologika
    Abstract: This publication examines the innovation system in pharmaceutical biotechnology in eight OECD countries - Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway and Spain. The report summarises the results of in-depth studies, providing a comparative analysis of participating countries' performance in science and innovation in biopharmaceuticals. It highlights specific characteristics of the national biopharmaceutical innovation systems in terms of their international openness and the specific role of demand-side factors in the innovation process. Major systemic failures affecting the functioning of the biopharmaceutical innovation systems are identified. Based on rich evidence, the report draws policy recommendations to foster innovation in biopharmaceuticals advocating an integrated policy approach.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014046-en
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  • 96
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    OECD Anti-Spam Toolkit of Recommended Policies and Measures (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264027176
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Boîte à outils anti-spam de l'OCDE ; Politiques et mesures recommandées
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD anti-spam toolkit of recommended policies and measures
    DDC: 384.3/4
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; Gegenmaßnahme ; Spam-Mail ; Spam-Mail ; E-Mail ; Computersicherheit
    Abstract: This toolkit, developed by policy makers and industry experts, provides a framework aimed at tackling spam using a broad, multi-disciplinary range of instruments including regulation and enforcement, industry initiatives, technical measures, education and awareness initiatives, co-operative partnerships, spam metrics, and global cooperation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264027176-en
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  • 97
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    Environmental and Energy Products : The Benefits of Liberalising Trade (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Produits énergétiques et écologiques ; Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environmental and energy products
    RVK:
    AR 26600
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Handelsliberalisierung ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Erneuerbare Energie ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Energietechnik ; Umweltverträgliches Produkt ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: This collection of studies is intended to help trade negotiators navigate through the international discussion over liberalising trade in environmental goods and services by exploring in greater depth three categories of environmental goods: environmentally preferable products, renewable-energy products and energy-efficient products. Its three chapters consider the scope and definition of each product category, examine tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, and explain the environmental effects of liberalising such goods. This book follows a previous volume, Trade that Benefits the Environment and Development: Opening Markets for Environmental Goods and Services, published in 2005,
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024823-en
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  • 98
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    ICT and Learning : Supporting Out-of-School Youth and Adults (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264012288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Series Statement: Education and Training Policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als ICT and learning
    DDC: 374.91722
    RVK:
    DP 2600
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Jugendliche ; Weiterbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Informationstechnik ; OECD
    Abstract: This publication reveals a number of interesting examples of innovative programmes using ICT that can increase access to learning out-of-school youths and adults. The papers show that ICT can be one way -- but by no means the only way -- to improve pathways to learning. It can do this by tailoring learning to the needs and preferred learning styles of the disadvantaged, and it can make learning more interesting by providing immediate feedback. A third message is that just as adult learning itself has been the under-funded and under-appreciated Cinderella of the formal learning spectrum, so the application of ICT within adult learning has tended to lag behind much of the rest of the education system. The present volume provides some cautionary remarks on the recent past and opens up some significant opportunities for the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264012288-en
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  • 99
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    Liberalisation and Universal Access to Basic Services : Telecommunications, Water and Sanitation, Financial Services, and Electricity (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028685
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Liberalisation and universal access to basic services
    DDC: 354.728
    RVK:
    QG 020
    RVK:
    QR 600
    RVK:
    QR 420
    Keywords: Telekommunikation ; Wasserversorgung ; Finanzdienstleistung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Deregulierung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 2005 ; Entwicklungsländer ; Elektrizität ; Sanitäranlage ; Telekommunikation ; Wasserversorgung ; Liberalisierung ; Zugang ; Finanzdienstleistung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Öffentliche Aufgaben ; Deregulierung ; Daseinsvorsorge ; Schwellenländer ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Liberalisierung ; Daseinsvorsorge
    Abstract: Building on a recent groundbreaking OECD/World Bank seminar, this volume explores whether and how trade liberalisation can contribute to achieving universal service goals and the types of complementary policies required. It focuses on experiences in four sectors - telecommunications, water and sanitation, financial services, and electricity. The unique multi-sector perspective taken in this book, together with the national case studies, yield insights which can help countries promote their universal access goals. A horizontal assessment also helps determine how far the current services negotiations in the WTO, under the General Agreement on Trade in Services, can aid the attainment of universal service goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028685-en
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  • 100
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    Governance of Innovation Systems: Volume 3 : Case Studies in Cross-Sectoral Policy (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264035720
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Governance of innovation systems ; Vol. 3: Case studies in cross-sectoral policy
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Innovationsförderung ; Technologiepolitik
    Abstract: This book provides lessons from case studies in policy governance for the information society and sustainable development. It highlights important lessons from these policy areas for the governance of innovation policy, and illustrates mechanisms and practices for better co-ordination and integration across policy areas. Companion volumes to this edition are: Governance of Innovation Systems – Volume 1: Synthesis Report Governance of Innovation Systems – Volume 2: Case Studies in Innovation Policy
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264035720-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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