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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264912564 , 9789264753297 , 9789264675803
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energieinfrastruktur ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: As countries scale up climate action, they face the challenge of expanding renewable power while tackling biodiversity loss. Transitioning away from fossil fuels can reduce climate-related pressure on biodiversity, but brings its own risks. Unless carefully managed, the expansion of renewable power could compromise biodiversity. This report synthesises evidence on biodiversity impacts from renewable power infrastructure, with a focus on solar power, wind power and power lines. It identifies opportunities for mainstreaming biodiversity into power sector planning and policy to deliver better outcomes for nature and the climate. Drawing on good practice insights from across the globe, the report offers governments recommendations to align renewable power expansion with biodiversity goals.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264613249 , 9789264719736 , 9789264485068
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Germany
    Abstract: Reaching climate neutrality requires economic transformations of unprecedented scale and speed. Immediate action from the business community can avoid unnecessary costs, create wellbeing co-benefits and prepare local businesses with a better competitive position in the future climate neutral economy. This report shows what reaching climate neutrality by 2040 means for Hamburg businesses and identifies key actions they need to undertake. It provides insights where the Hamburg economy and its businesses stand on the way to climate neutrality and on their needs to advance, drawing on a business survey. The study also shares insights from action plans of selected comparison cities. It points to cross-sector as well as to sector-specific challenges and opportunities for Hamburg businesses. This includes making better use of low-cost renewables, addressing energy efficiency in buildings as well as challenges and opportunities in activities in and around the port and in industry. It highlights Hamburg's potential as a hydrogen hub as well as the need to adopt circular economy practices. It illustrates that a regional and business perspective are necessary to achieve climate neutrality in prosperity, requiring individual and collective business action.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264350137 , 9789264734975 , 9789264539778
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile has made important strides on its environmental agenda in recent years with the passage of the Framework Law on Climate Change, the establishment of the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Service and the ratification of the Escazú Agreement. However, the country has made limited progress in decoupling environmental pressures from economic growth. Greenhouse gas emissions have continued to rise and the country is not on track to reach its legally binding target of net zero by 2050. Chile is well-positioned to achieve its targets for biodiversity, while air pollution remains a serious public health challenge and waste management relies heavily on landfilling. Chile is facing a severe and deepening water crisis that requires concerted action to improve water allocation and water quality, and to strengthen water governance. The review provides 36 recommendations to help Chile improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on water management and policies. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of Chile. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance since the previous review in 2016.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264787384 , 9789264945609 , 9789264976702
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (125 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Keywords: Energy ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Indonesia ; Philippines ; Thailand ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Over 100 million workers in Southeast Asia have jobs that are directly or closely linked to the environment, making them vulnerable to climate change impacts. These same workers likely earn at least 20% lower than the national average and are largely in informal employment. The region’s necessary transition towards greener growth could affect them in several ways: some sectors will create jobs and others will lose jobs or disappear altogether. Understanding the effects of both climate change and green growth policies on jobs and people is thus essential for making the transition in Southeast Asia an inclusive one. The study explores these issues, with emphasis on the potential effects on labour of an energy transition in Indonesia, and of a transition in the region’s agricultural sector, illustrated by a simulated conversion from conventional to organic rice farming.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches Papers no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Vers des indicateurs de l’intensité carbone des produits plus granulaires, plus précis et disponibles plus rapidement : Note exploratoire
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This scoping note presents a high-level overview of the main approaches to, and challenges faced when, calculating product-level carbon intensity metrics, including those applicable to collecting and verifying information across the supply chain. Though the analysis focuses on approaches used in emissions-intensive trade-exposed sectors (EITE), the findings also have broader relevance to other sectors. As part of the analysis, challenges relating to computing sector-level carbon intensity metrics are also considered, particularly as inputs to product-level metrics.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.46
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Romania
    Abstract: Policy coherence relies on the development of strategic plans, the availability and use of relevant evidence and data, the right set of skills across the public administration, political commitment, and leadership. Effective policy coherence cannot be achieved without good co-ordination, which relies on sound co-ordination mechanisms, such as interministerial committees or councils, as well as information-sharing tools. The legitimacy and coherence of public policy is also grounded in the support that a government has from stakeholders and citizens. This policy paper offers a tailored policy framework for Romania that builds further on the other outputs of the TSI project “Enhancing Policy Coherence, Transparency, and Co-ordination at the Centre of Government in Romania”. It includes tailored and actionable tools for improving policy coherence across government by strengthening policy development, co-ordination, and stakeholder participation.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.45
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Romania
    Abstract: This policy paper analyses the institutional mechanisms in place and under preparation in Romania to steer and co-ordinate policy development and action priorities relating to climate change. It also reviews the risks and opportunities for the newly created co-ordination mechanisms within the centre of government in this policy area, looks at how the co-ordination mechanisms for greening of the economy align with existing governance frameworks in terms of mandate, and discusses lessons learned from the framework for sustainable development. Drawing upon extensive consultations and peer input from OECD countries, this policy paper offers tailored recommendations for enhancing green governance in Romania.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264969551 , 9789264465589 , 9789264605091
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: The Slovak Republic has reduced some environmental pressures over the past decade. However, it needs to do more to reduce air pollution, improve waste and wastewater treatment and move towards carbon neutrality. Since 2011, the country has taken important steps to improve its biodiversity policy. Slovakia needs to now align its strategy with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. Most species and habitats are in an unfavourable state and biodiversity considerations are not sufficiently integrated into sectoral policies. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of the Slovak Republic. It provides an evidence-based assessment of the country's progress towards its environmental goals over the past decade. The 29 recommendations aim to help Slovakia improve its environmental performance, giving special focus to biodiversity and forests in the context of climate change.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264532694
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (315 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Umweltabgabe ; Ökosteuer ; Andalusien ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Transport ; Spain
    Abstract: The Environmental Tax Policy Review of Andalusia provides a detailed review of the environmentally related tax framework in the areas of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, water usage and pollution, and waste and circular economy in the Autonomous Region of Andalusia, Spain. For each thematic area, the study identifies the scope for action at the regional level, assesses how Andalusia’s existing environmentally related taxes align with environmental tax policy principles and provides strategic recommendations to support Andalusia to improve environmental outcomes and enhance national and global environmental performance.
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade and Environment Working Papers no.2023/01
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Trade
    Abstract: Affordable and sustainable lithium-ion batteries are key to the development of electric vehicles markets and to the green energy transition. Circular economy solutions for end-of-life batteries can help address primary inputs disruptions, while reducing environmental costs associated with the mining of these inputs or with battery production. Circular value chains would also help address waste and disposal problems as Li-ion batteries reach end of life. These chains are in their infancy, as complex battery designs, material chemistries and insufficient waste stocks hamper their viability, but the projected growth should support profitability. International trade in Li-ion batteries waste will remain essential in markets where domestic waste streams are insufficient to achieve the scale necessary for economically viable recycling, or where inadequate infrastructure imposes reliance on recycling capacities abroad. Promoting circular value chains for Li-ion batteries would require greater clarity on the status of these batteries as waste, consistency of transport and storage safety regulations, trade facilitation and harmonisation of standards for battery design, and regulatory targets for waste collection and recycling rates, coupled with stewardship and take-back schemes.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264490543 , 9789264670457 , 9789264636156
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Portugal 2023 (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Portugal ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: Portugal managed to decouple several environmental pressures from economic growth over 2013-19. It played a leading role in the approval of the European Climate Law and adopted the Portuguese Framework Climate Law in 2021. This needs to be swiftly implemented to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, improve climate resilience and protect ecosystems. Portugal has stepped up adaptation efforts but needs to do more to address multiple threats, including coastal erosion, floods, droughts and forest fires. The country is lagging behind in waste management. Meanwhile, the increase in freshwater abstractions in water-scarce southern regions is a concern. This is the fourth Environmental Performance Review of Portugal. It provides an evidence-based assessment of the country's progress towards its environmental goals over the past decade. The 26 recommendations aim to help Portugal improve its environmental performance, giving special focus to carbon neutrality.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264664883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This report compiles and shares some of the lessons learnt from implementing post-Fukushima actions related to human and organisational factors (HOF), including at nuclear facility operating companies, technical support organisations, research institutions, and regulatory authorities. It summarises a two-phase information-gathering exercise, overseen by the NEA Working Group on Human and Organisational Factors, about the requirements and guidelines that countries and nuclear licensees have adopted since the accident. The report discusses the central role of human and organisational performance in mitigating extreme external events and the management of severe accidents. It addresses the importance of validating the ability to perform these actions, and the challenges associated with performing such validations with fidelity to the conditions likely to be present during such events. The report concludes by providing four key recommendations that seek to promote greater sharing of information and the identification of best practices.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264951983
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Umweltbewusstsein ; Umweltorganisation ; Umweltpolitik ; Energiekonsum ; Privater Konsum ; Indien ; G20-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; India
    Abstract: India, the Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) initiative aims to encourage the adoption of sustainable lifestyles in India and internationally to tackle the challenges of environmental degradation and climate change. This report examines how India has integrated several policies in its energy transition strategy that are aligned with the LiFE initiative, highlighting the potential for behavioural change and consumption choices to help advance energy transitions globally. It then analyses the impact on energy consumption, costs and emissions of measures like those proposed by the LiFE initiative, such as buying an EV or taking public transport, if they were adopted globally. Finally, it considers how India’s first G20 Presidency could strengthen the LiFE initiative by anchoring it in the G20’s current framing of energy transitions and initiating processes to gather experience and best practices of policies and programmes that G20 members are already conducting.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264322356 , 9789264699427 , 9789264654907
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (213 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Klimapolitik ; Klimaneutralität ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Litauen ; Energy ; Environment ; Taxation ; Lithuania
    Abstract: This report presents policy reform options to support Lithuania in meeting its climate neutrality target. It takes stock of Lithuania’s current and planned climate policies and assesses their potential for meeting the country’s climate ambitions. The report details the results of modelling carried out to assess the effectiveness of different policy scenarios, an analysis of carbon pricing and the role of innovation, an assessment of financial needs in the transition to net zero, and an analysis of the distributional implications of carbon pricing. Bringing together these findings the report offers recommendations for policy reform, highlighting the importance of setting price signals complemented by innovation support, as well as the potential of revenue recycling options in alleviating distributional concerns.
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (113 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.213
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Energía renovable distribuida en Colombia : Desbloqueando la inversión privada para zonas no-interconectadas
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Colombia
    Abstract: Colombia has prioritised the use of renewable energy to expand and improve electricity services for its population in zones non-interconnected to the national grid. Recent policies and regulations have supported this ambition with successive measures to strengthen investment conditions for distributed renewable energy, like standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) solutions and hybrid solar PV mini-grids. Still, the distributed renewable energy market in non-interconnected zones is relatively immature, reflected by the high costs for connecting new users. New business and financing models will be critical to bringing down the cost of renewable energy technologies, accessing private equity and debt in larger volumes, and ultimately progressing towards replacing existing inefficient and polluting diesel generation systems. Building on international experiences, this paper discusses approaches to strengthening investment conditions, looking at support mechanisms and de-risking instruments used elsewhere, which can help bridge the financing gap in Colombia.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264560642
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.)
    Keywords: Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Statistische Methode ; Energy
    Abstract: The world remains far off track to reach universal access to electricity by 2030 – a key target canonised in UN Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7). While many countries have set targets to advance universal electrification, it remains challenging to collect timely data on their progress, making it difficult to build or refine their electrification plans and policy strategies. To provide governments with the tools to achieve their goals, the Guidebook for Improved Electricity Access Statistics (hereafter “Guidebook”) focuses on methodologies using readily available supply-side data from electric utilities, mini-grid operators, and off-grid system distributors to track access to electricity trends. This approach can be adopted at a low-cost and provides accurate estimates on access rates with a potential time lag on the order of months, instead of years. Supply-side data complements household or census surveys, which can give a more nuanced, detailed picture, but are typically only run every five to ten years due to their expense. This report provides step-by-step guidelines on how to implement an improved supply-side data collection process, and produce more time-sensitive and comprehensive access to electricity indicators. In addition, the Guidebook proposes a standard method to capture mini-grids and stand-alone off-grid systems in calculating access to electricity, which are becoming increasingly more commonplace in strategies to reach universal access. Finally, the Guidebook suggests further steps practitioners can take to advance geospatial data collection and reporting, which has become the new best practice for electrification planning supporting both electric utilities and the vibrant off-grid industry.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273498 , 9789264665484 , 9789264580060
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; USA ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; United States ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: The United States, the world’s largest economy, has made progress in reducing several environmental pressures while maintaining one of the highest Gross Domestic Products per capita in the world. It has decoupled emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants, water abstractions and domestic material consumption from economic and population growth. However, high consumption levels, intensive agricultural practices, climate change and urban sprawl continue to put pressure on the natural environment. Despite the recent acceleration of action to address climate change, further efforts are needed to achieve the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The United States is also among the major contributors to marine litter with serious consequences for communities and the environment. The review provides 30 recommendations to help the United States improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on marine litter and a cross-cutting focus on environmental justice. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of the United States. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance over the past decade.
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Electricity Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset provides statistics on electricity imports by country of origin.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264499300
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.)
    Keywords: Wasserstofftechnologie ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Energy
    Abstract: Towards Hydrogen Definitions Based on their Emissions Intensity is a new report by the International Energy Agency, designed to inform policy makers, hydrogen producers, investors and the research community in advance of the G7 Climate, Energy and Environmental Ministerial meeting in April 2023. This report assesses the greenhouse gas emissions intensity of the different hydrogen production routes and reviews ways to use the emissions intensity of hydrogen production in the development of regulation and certification schemes. An internationally agreed emissions accounting framework is a way to move away from the use of terminologies based on colours or other terms that have proved impractical for the contracts that underpin investment. The adoption of such a framework can bring much-needed transparency, as well as facilitating interoperability and limiting market fragmentation, thus becoming a useful enabler of investments for the development of international hydrogen supply chains.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264405950
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Neuseeland ; Energy ; New Zealand
    Abstract: New Zealand has set ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including achieving net zero emissions by 2050. The country enjoys many natural advantages for its energy transition, including an enviable renewable resource base. New Zealand already has a low‑emissions electricity system, with significant production from both hydropower and geothermal, and therefore has an attractive opportunity to leverage this clean electricity to decarbonise end-user sectors. This will require not only sizeable technological investments to efficiently electrify transport and industry, but will also necessitate a sizeable buildout of additional renewables generation capacity, along with supplemental grid and storage investments. Notably, the transport sector accounts for the highest share of emissions and is almost entirely dependent on oil. Industry is also a major contributor to New Zealand’s emissions and is heavily reliant on fossil fuels. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help New Zealand effectively manage the transformation of its energy sector in line with its climate targets.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264325692
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Griechenland ; Energy ; Greece
    Abstract: Greece aims to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 and reach net zero emissions by 2050. It has made notable progress towards meeting these targets. This includes significantly reducing its reliance on lignite and setting a binding target to end lignite-fired power generation by 2028 while working to ensure a just transition in its lignite mining regions and reducing energy poverty. Greece has also made strong progress on renewable energy, which covered 20% of its total final energy consumption in 2021. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Greece is reducing its reliance on Russian energy imports and ensuring secure access to energy by diversifying its supply and increasing domestic energy production. Despite these notable successes, significant challenges remain. Fossil fuels still account for most of Greece’s energy use and stronger efforts are needed on energy efficiency. n this report, the IEA provides a range of energy policy recommendations to help Greece smoothly manage its transition to a secure, efficient and flexible carbon neutral energy system.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264573345
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.)
    Keywords: Kohlepolitik ; Saubere Energie ; Klimaneutralität ; Südkorea ; Energy ; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
    Abstract: This report was commissioned by Korea's Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and carried out jointly by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Korea Energy Economics Institute. The objective of the study was to provide high-level policy recommendations on Korea’s clean energy transition from coal in the power sector. The report covers a detailed review of policy and market developments around Korea’s transition to net zero. The scope of the report includes all sectors of the economy, industry and all the regions across the world, where we extract the main recommendations that are applicable to the case of Korea. Currently, the power sector is the largest CO2-emitting sector and coal is the single biggest source of CO2 emissions, as it is the backbone of many electricity systems. Thus, coal power plants have been a target for reaching net zero emissions by 2050 for long time. Korea has firm objectives to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, aiming to accelerate the clean energy transition of coal power plants. Policy recommendations were formulated around two priorities: affordable and secure supply of electricity and people-centred transition.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264756762
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.)
    Keywords: Dekarbonisierung ; Südostasien ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Institute of Energy Economic, Japan (IEEJ) have developed and published long-term decarbonisation pathways for Southeast Asia and Indonesia. This report provides a comparison of modelling approaches, quantitative drivers, and results from the IEA and IEEJ pathways, highlighting areas of agreement, as well as identifying and explaining differences, and thereby to derive implications.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264485198
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.)
    Keywords: Strommarkt ; Elektrizitätspolitik ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; China ; Energy
    Abstract: Power markets are an instrument used globally to ensure electricity security while maintaining affordability and incentivising decarbonisation. The People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”) has been making big steps towards implementing markets, and the goals announced in 2020 of carbon dioxide emissions peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060 have added momentum to expand their footprint. Provinces have taken a leading role in designing and implementing markets. To improve sharing of resources, the guidance to implement a unified national market system pushes for more co-ordination between provinces. This report examines the role of power markets in China and the pathways to develop a national market. The analysis focuses on short-term markets because they have the potential to unlock flexibility the system needs in light of renewables growth and changing weather patterns. The report provides recommendations to improve markets’ co-ordination across the country as well as within the provinces.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The Clean Energy Transitions Programme 2022 (CETP) provides an overview of the programme’s major achievements in the last year. During this time, the CETP has driven forward an ambitious and impactful agenda, even as the world has contended with multiple overlapping crises. As just some examples, the CETP delivered the Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia , which ministers strongly welcomed at the G20, and has played a key role in shaping Indonesia’s landmark Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP). Similarly, the IEA has been able to take its engagement to a whole new level with various African countries, such as with its first-ever report on the Clean Energy Transitions in the Greater Horn of Africa , and provided policy advice that was directly accepted into China’s latest five-year plan. More broadly, it has also supported strategically important work on critical minerals, energy employment and clean energy investment. Overall, the CETP’s combination of data, insight, advice and capacity building is making a strong positive contribution to advancing clean energy transitions around the world – with a focus on emerging and developing economies. In the five years since its launch, the CETP has become the largest and most important programme at theInternational Energy Agency (IEA). It has been the main vehicle through which theIEA has established, deepened and strengthened partnerships with major nonmember countries – those countries that are at the forefront of the clean energytransition. The programme has also played a crucial role in enabling the IEA tostrengthen its global leadership role in clean energy transitions at a pace and scalethat would otherwise not have been possible, with great benefit to theprogramme’s focus countries and IEA member countries alike.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264424791 , 9789264585997 , 9789264670549
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Israel ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Israel
    Abstract: Israel’s rapid economic and population growth along with a high degree of urbanisation continue to exert significant pressure on the environment. Israel has raised its climate ambitions in recent years, though is not on track to reach greenhouse gas reduction targets. Enhancing biodiversity protection, addressing water pollution and adapting to the impacts of climate change require further action. Israel has taken a number of key steps to advance its zero waste and circular economy agenda. However, further efforts are required to improve waste management and introduce an economy-wide shift to a circular economy. The review provides 24 recommendations to help Israel improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on waste management and circular economy. This is the second Environmental Performance Review of Israel. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance over the past decade.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264556928 , 9789264172746 , 9789264922945
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comportement des ménages et environnement : Opérer des choix durables sur fond de crises interdépendantes
    Keywords: Privater Haushalt ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Nachhaltiger Konsum ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Household choices – such as what to eat, how to get to work and how to heat our homes – have significant implications for the environment. With the urgency of environmental action and the need to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns, making more sustainable choices holds great potential to reduce environmental impacts. Yet in the context of interlocking crises, governments face challenges in supporting households with policies that realise this potential. How Green is Household Behaviour? presents an overview of results from the 2022 OECD Survey on Environmental Policies and Individual Behaviour Change. The survey investigates household attitudes and behaviour with respect to energy, transport, waste and food systems. It was carried out across more than 17 000 households in 9 countries, including Belgium, Canada, Israel, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The data collected also include information on self-reported motivations and barriers to change, providing a unique source of empirical evidence to inform policy efforts to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns.
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Electricity Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset provides statistics on electricity supply per OECD country with net electricity production from main sources and trade data from January 2000 onwards. Data are presented on a monthly basis.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264979000 , 9789264390928 , 9789264848375
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Globalisierung ; Kleine Inselentwicklungsländer ; Guadeloupe ; Economics ; Energy ; Development ; France
    Abstract: Located in the Caribbean Sea, Guadeloupe is a French Overseas Department and a European Outermost Region in search of a more sustainable economic development pathway. In support of that endeavour, this Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR) Spotlight looks at the region's opportunities and challenges, identifying priority actions in several areas, including the bio- and circular economy, creative sectors and renewable energies. The Spotlight enriches our understanding of the diversity of development pathways, including those of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). It is the result of an extensive peer-review process involving public and private stakeholders from Colombia, Caribbean countries and other EU outermost regions.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264420564
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: A future with net zero emissions requires scaling up improvements in energy efficiency, electrification of end uses and renewable energy generation. For the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a growing population and rising standards of living will massively increase future energy demand. Mitigating growing electricity demand and integrating renewable energy into electricity generation will therefore be paramount for the region's clean energy transition and avoid lock-in of additional fossil fuel generation. The intermittent nature of variable renewable energy and increasing deployment of distributed energy resources are putting additional pressure on existing grids. In response to these challenges, this report explores the opportunities and challenges for efficient grid-interactive buildings in the ASEAN region. Such buildings are becoming a crucial element for the global ambition to attain net zero emissions, as they can combine enhanced energy efficiency, advanced smart digital technologies and decarbonised electricity generation. This integration creates the potential for buildings to shift from energy-intensive consumers to low-carbon prosumers, empowered by digital technologies that can offer flexibility benefits to the electricity grids. With the ability to produce, consume, store, sell and buy energy, buildings become active participants in the building-to-grid ecosystem. Drawing on relevant international trends and best practices, the current report lays out an analytical framework to assess a variety of factors that can enable a building to become energy efficient and grid-interactive. The framework is used to analyse the current situation in countries of the ASEAN region. The report provides policy-oriented recommendations and guidelines tailored to different stages of the process for adopting efficient grid-interactive solutions in buildings. These recommendations can support ASEAN policy makers in their policy development to create an energy-efficient and grid-interactive built environment, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264778740
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Technology manufacturing plays a pivotal role in the energy transition required to meet climate, energy security and economic development goals. Deploying clean energy technologies at the pace required to put the world on a trajectory consistent with net zero emissions by mid-century will demand rapid expansion in manufacturing capacity, underpinned by secure, resilient and sustainable supply chains for their components and materials. The State of Clean Technology Manufacturing: Energy Technology Perspectives Special Briefing provides an update on recent progress in clean energy technology manufacturing in key regions. It focuses on five technologies – solar PV, wind, batteries, electrolysers and heat pumps – that will be critical to the energy transition. Manufacturing capacity for these technologies is expanding rapidly, driven by supportive policies, ambitious corporate strategies and consumer demand. The aim is to keep decision makers informed of investment trends and the impact that recent industrial strategies are having in these highly dynamic sectors. This special briefing was produced to support deliberations at the 2023 G7 Leaders' Summit in Hiroshima, Japan, from 19-21 May 2023. It builds on analysis in the latest edition of the IEA's flagship technology publication, Energy Technology Perspectives 2023 (ETP-2023), published in January 2023, to take into account the latest announced expansions in manufacturing capacity.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264860193
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The clean energy transition requires a fundamental transformation of power systems, including much higher levels of digitalisation at scale across all grid domains, from generation to transmission and distribution to end-use. Strong policy attention is required to scale up investments in smarter and more resilient grids in emerging and developing economies where electricity consumption is set to grow at a rapid rate while also providing greater levels of electricity access. Investments in smarter and more resilient grids will be necessary to accommodate the greater deployment of renewable energy and enhance energy security. Digital technologies designed for power systems are instrumental to unlock essential system services required to integrate high shares of variable renewable energy. They can also provide solutions to leverage data flows, connectivity, and management across the whole electricity system. To unlock these digital opportunities, adequate planning, investment, and policy action are needed. As part of the Digital Demand Driven Electricity Networks (3DEN) initiative, this report provides guidance for energy policy makers on possible ways to enable and drive investments in smart and resilient electricity grids. It also gives suggestions on how to start creating an environment that supports the effective use of innovative digital technologies within the electricity sector. It draws on examples and case studies to show the wide range of digital opportunities and solutions that can help governments implement efficient and smart power systems.
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.42
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper presents the first estimates of the OECD project "Towards a pilot dashboard of SME greening and green entrepreneurship indicators", which is part of broader work of the OECD Committee on SMEs and Entrepreneurship (CSMEE) to support governments in making SMEs active players in the green transition. The paper first explains the rationale behind this measurement exercise, which relates to the importance of monitoring carbon emissions and energy consumption in the business sector, including SMEs, as governments strive to achieve their climate objectives. Thereafter, it gives an overview of the project methodology to produce estimates on the environmental footprint of SMEs. Finally, it presents the first estimates for the first five dashboard indicators: i) SME share of greenhouse gas emissions in the business sector; ii) SME share of energy consumption in the business sector; iii) SME greenhouse gas emissions (carbon) intensity; iv) SME energy intensity; v) SME energy price burden The paper also presents evidence on real SME electricity and gas consumption in Denmark thanks to pilot work with Statistics Denmark. A final Annex explains the project methodology in detail.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/02
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The System of Environmental Economic Accounting Central Framework (SEEA CF) was adopted in 2012. In one decade, it has expanded to 92 countries, including most OECD countries. However, there is still work to be done by national statistics producers to increase the use of SEEA statistics. This paper focuses on the SEEA stocks and flows accounts, providing examples of where they are already used to support public policy making in high-priority areas such as climate change, environmental sustainability, the circular economy, and management of ecosystems and freshwater, as well as feeding into indicators, dashboards and other frameworks. Although these examples show that SEEA statistics are already informing public policy making in many countries, there are still important “influence gaps”. The second part of this paper discusses why these gaps exist and what can be done about them.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This table contains data on the energy trade, supply and consumption of coal, oil, gas, electricity, heat, combustible renewables and waste, expressed in thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe).
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset contains data on oil demand and consumption by product such as aviation fuels, motor gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, naphtha, petroleum and refinery fuel for non-OECD countries
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Renewables Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This comparative tables presents figures on the renewable energy supply and consumption market amongst OECD member countries by analyzing renewable products in terms of production, import and exports.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Technology RD&D Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset includes statistics on research & development within the energy technology industry as well as R&D dissemination indicators (exchange rate, PPP,Nominal GDP, GDP deflator). Data coverage commences in 1974.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Oil Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This table contains data on world oil statistics while focusing on trade flows amongst countries, oil demand and output. Data are expressed in kilotonnes or kilobarrels per day.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Electricity Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Electricity and heat balance (36 OECD countries + 5 aggregates; 54 flows; 2 products).
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Natural Gas Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This table contains world data on natural gas supply as well as natural gas consumption.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264821668
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Nukleare Sicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: While there is a growing interest in the deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs) as a promising option to help mitigate climate change, further international efforts are needed to accelerate the development and safety demonstration of the innovative technologies that are being considered for many of these SMRs. This publication presents the actions taken by the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its expert group on SMRs to define the areas of future CSNI research and safety assessment work needed to support sound safety demonstrations for SMRs. The proposed activities address four areas: support for regulatory harmonisation, common safety issues of interest for different designs, experimental campaigns, and benchmarking for computer code validation and verification.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264986695 , 9789264476257 , 9789264732964
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Klimaschutz ; Emissionshandel ; Theorie ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Carbon lock-in occurs when high-emission infrastructure or assets continue to be used, despite the possibility of substituting them with low-emission alternatives, thereby delaying or preventing the transition to near-zero or zero-emission alternatives. Transition finance, which focuses on the dynamic transformation and decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors, frequently faces the issue of carbon lock-in, particularly in considerations of investment feasibility and eligibility. Despite most transition finance approaches incorporating lock-in avoidance as a core principle, existing transition instruments and approaches put in place varying or limited mechanisms to prevent lock-in. Building on the OECD Guidance on Transition Finance, this report takes stock of how carbon lock-in risk is addressed in existing transition finance approaches (such as taxonomies, roadmaps, or guidance), financial instruments, and relevant public and private investment frameworks and methodologies. The report provides good practices on the integration of credible mechanisms to prevent carbon lock-in, address greenwashing risks and build confidence in the market. It can inform both public and private actors in the development of transition finance approaches, standards for green, transition and sustainability-linked debt, frameworks for corporate transition plans, or broader climate-related disclosure frameworks.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264745353 , 9789264628809 , 9789264612327
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (432 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Low-emission hydrogen is expected to play an important role in the energy transition to tackle the climate crisis. It can decarbonate "hard-to-abate" sectors still relying on fossil fuels, turn low-carbon electricity into a fuel that can be transported using pipelines and provide a green transport alternative, in particular for heavy-duty and long-distance transport. Given its potential to combat climate change, it can allow for a net reduction in societal risks if managed responsibly. However, while its potential is widely acknowledged, its application is not yet meeting ambitions. Regulation is crucial to facilitate its application and ensure its safety. This report analyses trends, risks, and regulation of hydrogen technologies across economies. It supports the use of low-emission hydrogen as part of the energy transition, by making recommendations for effective risk-based regulation, regulatory delivery and governance.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264409644
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: All low-carbon solutions will be required to achieve the world's net zero targets. Nuclear energy has a role to play in meeting this need. A wave of innovation in small modular reactors (SMRs) is advancing quickly with the potential to help decarbonise hard-to-abate sectors. Progress is real and is positioned to accelerate pathways to net zero. SMRs could replace coal on-grid, fossil fuel cogeneration of heat and power for heavy industry, diesel at off-grid mines, as well as producing hydrogen and synthetic fuels. Looking beyond technical feasibility, The NEA SMR Dashboard defines new criteria for assessing real progress in six additional dimensions of readiness: licensing, siting, financing, supply chain, engagement, and fuel. The first volume of the NEA SMR Dashboard assessed the progress of 21 SMRs. This second volume tracks the progress of an additional 21 SMRs around the world.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264422315
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.)
    Keywords: Wasserstofftechnologie ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Oman ; Energy ; Oman
    Abstract: The production of hydrocarbons has a dominant role in Oman's economy with oil and gas representing around 60% of total export income in recent years. In 2022, Oman announced a target to become net zero by 2050 and an aim to significantly ramp up the domestic production of hydrogen from renewable electricity. The country is well placed to produce large quantities of renewable hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels like ammonia thanks to its high-quality renewable resources. Oman has also vast amounts of land for large-scale project development, and existing fossil fuel infrastructure that can be used or repurposed for low-emission fuels. Oman can become a competitive producer and exporter of renewable hydrogen and ammonia already by the end of this decade, while simultaneously increasing the share of renewables in its power mix. This new IEA report – the first of its kind analysing the potential of renewable hydrogen in a producer economy – indicates that renewable hydrogen is set to bring multiple benefits in terms of investment, natural gas savings and avoided CO₂ emissions as Oman transitions towards a net zero economy.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This table contains an extended set of data on the energy supply, trade and consumption of coal, oil, energy output, gas, electricity, heat, combustible renewables and waste, expressed in thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe).
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264754362
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (179 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The Breakthrough Agenda Report 2023 is an annual collaboration between the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the United Nations Climate Change High-Level Champions, focused on supporting stronger international collaboration to drive faster reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions. This year's report shows that current efforts on clean energy and sustainable solutions, while improving, are not yet delivering the levels of investment and deployment required to meet international climate goals. In response, it calls on governments to strengthen collaboration in key areas – such as standards and regulation, financial and technical assistance and market creation – to turbocharge the transition. The second annual report assesses progress made since 2022 in priority areas for international collaboration, and sets out a series of recommendations for countries to work together in each sector to help reduce emissions over the next decade and stave off the worst effects of climate change. The report shows how the transition to clean energy and sustainable solutions is accelerating across many sectors, with unprecedented expansion in technologies such as electric vehicles and solar PV. It highlights that electric passenger cars are set to account for 18% of total car sales in 2023, while investment in clean energy technologies is significantly outpacing spending on fossil fuels. But other high emissions and hard-to-abate sectors such as steel, hydrogen and agriculture are not transitioning quickly enough despite encouraging progress in some areas. The report found that in the past year, only modest progress has been made in strengthening international collaboration in the areas where it is most needed. Progress has been made in expanding financial assistance to developing countries in some sectors, and in joint research and development initiatives. But much more progress is needed in aligning policies to create demand for clean technologies, and in establishing dialogue on trade in sectors where this is likely to be critical to the transition. In most sectors, participation in the leading initiatives for practical cooperation still falls short of a majority of the global market. The report argues that greater political commitment is needed to progress from softer forms of collaboration, such as sharing best practice, to harder forms such as alignment of standards and policies, which are more difficult but can yield greater gains in mobilising investment and accelerating deployment.
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.229
    Keywords: Energy ; Taxation ; Environment ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The paper presents the understanding of and attitudes towards climate change and climate policies in Ukraine, using a survey on a representative sample of more than 1 500 Ukrainians. The survey was carried out between October 2021 and February 2022 and presents the situation before Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine. The survey tests support for three main climate policies in detail: a green infrastructure programme, a carbon tax with cash transfers and a ban on combustion-engine cars. It shows that support for climate policies depends on three key factors: how people perceive the effectiveness of the policies in reducing emissions, how they perceive distributional impacts on lower-income households (inequality concerns), and if they think their household will gain or lose from the policy. The survey also shows that when citizens receive information that specifically addresses these concerns, they exhibit stronger support for the policy. How the policy is designed also matters: Ukrainians widely accept a carbon tax when its revenues finance green investments and/or compensate lower-income households. The paper highlights seven considerations for Ukraine policymakers to design measures that are effective and supported by citizens. Following Russia’s war of aggression and once conditions are right, Ukrainian policymakers can also use the survey results to guide the reform of the environmental tax system- one of the goals in Ukraine’s recovery and reform agenda. The survey in Ukraine that the paper describes was conducted as part of a large-scale OECD international survey of attitudes toward climate policies carried out on over 40 000 respondents in twenty countries.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Projections for IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This table includes statistical projections on the energy balance for IEA countries by analyzing their respective products (coal, oil, nuclear, hydro, biofuels and more) in terms of flow. Data are expressed in thousand tonnes of oil equivalent(ktoe) and forecasts extend to 2030.
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset includes data on Services energy end use, Services activity, Services emissions as well as Services energy and carbon indicators.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Projections for IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This table contains forecasted energy economic indicators as well as forecasted standard indicators for IEA countries in terms of their flow (GDP, population, energy production/TPES, TFC/GDP). Statistical projections extend to 2030.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset includes data on Residential energy end use, Residential activity, Residential emissions as well as Residential energy and carbon indicators.
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset includes data on Industry energy use, Industry activity, Industry emissions as well as Industry energy and carbon indicators.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset includes data on savings due to the 3-factor analysis for energy consumption and 4-factor analysis for emissions.
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset includes data on Transport energy end use, Transport activity and Transport emissions as well as Transport energy, carbon and activity indicators.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264731950
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The global oil and gas industry encompasses a large and diverse range of players: from small, specialised operators to huge national oil companies. These producers face pivotal choices about their role in the global energy system amid a worsening climate crisis fuelled in large part by their core products. The Oil and Gas Industry in Net Zero Transitions analyses the implications and opportunities for the industry that would arise from stronger international efforts to reach energy and climate targets. It also examines how transitions increase the likelihood of boom and bust cycles for oil and gas producer economies. It highlights strategies for producer economies that could complement broader reforms to build macroeconomic stability and the role of international partners to support this process. The report sets out a fair and feasible way forward in which oil and gas companies and producer economies take a real stake in the clean energy economy while helping the world avoid the most severe impacts of climate change.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264611542
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Energy
    Abstract: CO2 Emissions in 2022 provides a complete picture of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions in 2022. The report finds that global growth in emissions was not as high as some had originally feared amid the disruptions caused by the global energy crisis. This latest release brings together the IEA’s latest analysis, combining the Agency’s estimates of CO2 emissions from all energy sources and industrial processes, as well as providing information on energy-related methane and nitrous oxide emissions. This report is part of the IEA’s support of the first global stocktake of the Paris Agreement, which will be finalized in the run up to COP28, the next UN Climate Change Conference, at the end of 2023.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264615458
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Geschlechterverteilung ; Gleichberechtigung ; Nuklearindustrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Female scientists and engineers pioneered the nuclear and radiological fields, with leaders and innovators such as Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Lise Meitner, among many others, establishing the foundation of modern nuclear science and technology. Women continue to make vital contributions to the sector, but their visibility and overall numbers in the sector remain limited, especially in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), and leadership roles. The lack of diversity in the sector represents a loss of potential innovation and growth and a critical threat to the viability of the field. This report features the first publicly available international data on gender balance in the nuclear sector. The data was collected from over 8 000 women in the nuclear workforce in 32 countries, as well as human resources data from 96 nuclear organisations in 17 countries. Based on the findings, a comprehensive, evidence-driven policy framework is proposed with practical recommendations.
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Briefs no.1
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Stimulus packages adopted following the COVID-19 pandemic – such as the US Inflation Reduction Act and NextGenerationEU - have been presented as an opportunity to "build back better" and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy while re-igniting the economy. But this revival of industrial policy has also raised concerns about the potential for a global green subsidy war. OECD analysed funding measures worth USD 1.3 trillion announced around the world in 2020-21 to support development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. These measures can trigger substantial greenhouse gas emissions reductions while boosting the growth of the clean tech sector in all regions and reducing dependence over fossil fuel imports. This policy brief summarises key findings from our analysis and offers additional recommendations to policymakers.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Coal Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: In this table, statistics for different types of coal and coal products, including manufactured gases is shown.This table provides full supply and consumption data of coal such as primary energy supply,transformation sector, energy sector and final consumption based in kilotonnes for OECD countries and OECD country aggregate groups.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Statistics: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This table on air and climate contains indicators for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated from fossil fuel combustion in IEA countries and regions. Data are available from 1960 onwards.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/04
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: The shipping industry is essential for international trade, but it is also an important source of CO2 emissions. To make progress towards climate targets, countries need to monitor CO2 emissions from vessels owned by their ship operator companies. However, most shipping activity takes place outside national borders, making it more difficult to monitor than activity taking place within countries. The OECD's experimental database on OECD.stat provides a new source of data for CO2 emissions from global shipping, which is available monthly in near real time. This data will help national statistics producers to compile their Air Emission Accounts (AEAs) for the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA). This Working Paper presents some initial results from the new data source and describes how they were produced. The method is based on granular and timely ship-level data provided by the United Nations Global Platform, and it uses a bottom-up estimation approach to produce results broken down by country and type of ship.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.43
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper takes stock of one year of policy responses to the 2022/2023 energy crisis triggered by Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine from the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In this paper, "SME policy responses" are defined as all government policies, whether SME-specific or not, which have lowered or affected in other way the price of electricity and natural gas paid by SMEs. The paper discusses three broad policy categories and related approaches implemented across countries: price-support measures; income-support measures; and complementary policies fostering the green transition. Overall, while emergency measures were initially centred on energy-intensive sectors, a larger number of SMEs was eventually covered as governments ramped up the scale and scope of their action due to the protraction of the Russian war in Ukraine. Going forward, as wholesale energy prices return to pre-war levels, price-support measures should be withdrawn. Income support could be used in some cases to help companies deal with still high retail energy prices, but the main policy focus should shift towards measures that improve the energy efficiency and environmental performance of SMEs.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264820401
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Saubere Energie ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Schwellenländer ; Brasilien ; China ; Indien ; Indonesien ; Mexiko ; Energy
    Abstract: This report assesses the impact of the road transport sector on energy demand, CO2 emissions and air pollution in several selected major emerging economies over the coming decades under several IEA modelling scenarios. Most notably the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) aims to show to what extent announced ambitions and targets, including the most recent ones, are on the path to deliver emissions reductions required to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Bringing about a road transport decarbonisation pathway in line with the APS in the selected major emerging economies - Brazil, People's Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Mexico and South Africa - will require significant enhancement of existing policies and the introduction of new innovative policies and measures in each of selected countries. Our report sets out six policy areas critical to the achievement of the road transport transitions and a series of recommendations for strengthening financing for the sector. Importantly, the report provides detailed reference to a wide range of policy measures and good practice already in place in many major emerging economies elsewhere to facilitate knowledge sharing among countries. It also places a special emphasis on the road transport sectors of India and Indonesia. These countries are IEA partners in their respective regions and benefit from an enhanced programme of work.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264710511
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Saubere Energie ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Finanzierung ; Afrika ; Energy
    Abstract: Although Africa accounts for one-fifth of the global population, the region currently attracts only 3% of global energy investment. By 2030, energy investment needs to double to over USD 200 billion per year, in order for African countries to achieve all their energy-related development goals, including universal access to modern energy, while meeting in time and in full their nationally determined contributions. Financing Clean Energy in Africa, a World Energy Outlook Special Report, builds on the key findings from the Africa Energy Outlook 2022, which introduced the Sustainable Africa Scenario (SAS), and charts innovative investment solutions across the continent that are critical to scale up energy investment. It develops a theory of change based on the positive spillover effects of increasing the availability of affordable capital for clean energy projects. Currently, the cost of capital for energy projects in African countries is at least 2-3x higher than in advanced economies and China, which hinders investment by raising project costs. The International Energy Agency (IEA) and the African Development Bank Group have joined forces to produce this new analysis, which benefitted from the review of over 85 case studies and over 40 stakeholder interviews. The report focuses on a range of topics, spanning technologies and financing providers, including local institutions, and looks at what types of capital are most suited for the specificities of each sector or technology. The analysis pays close attention to how to scale up private investment, including the role of de-risking support from development finance institutions (DFIs) and donors: by 2030, USD 28 billion of concessional capital will be necessary to mobilise the required USD 90 billion in private investment in clean energy. Increasing the role of the private sector allows DFIs and donors to also scale up support to non-commercial areas, such as enabling environments, unproven technologies and fragile and conflict-afflicted states, unproven technologies.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264628984
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Kolumbien ; Energy
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member, accession and association countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. This first energy policy review of Colombia's energy policies examines the country's achievements in developing its energy sector as well as the challenges it faces in ensuring a sustainable energy future. Colombia's energy transition policy making is an inspiring example of a fossil fuel producing country committed to climate action, based on a long-term decarbonisation pathway and a policy of energy and economic diversification and a just transition. This report provides insights into Colombia's unique energy system transformation, which is linked to expanding access to electricity and clean cooking for its citizens and swiftly deploying renewable energy technologies. It analyses the full breadth of the country's energy sector and presents recommendations for strengthening the country's people-centred, secure and clean energy transition. These include clean energy technology and innovation, adapting energy market rules, notably in power and gas markets; integrating higher shares of variable renewables; addressing air quality; and reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264840447
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (173 p.)
    Keywords: Saubere Energie ; Finanzierung ; Privatwirtschaft ; Private Investition ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schwellenländer ; Energy
    Abstract: A massive scaling up of investment is essential in emerging and developing economies to sustainably meet rising demand for energy, as well as to ensure that climate targets are met. Getting on track for net zero emissions by 2050 will require clean energy spending in emerging and developing economies to more than triple by 2030 – far beyond the capacity of public financing alone and therefore demanding an unprecedented mobilization of private capital. This special report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Finance Corporation (IFC) examines how to scale up private finance for clean energy transitions by quantifying the investments required in different regions and sectors to build modern, clean energy systems, including achieving universal access. The new global energy economy represents a huge opportunity for growth and employment in emerging and developing economies. This report's analysis identifies key barriers and how to remove them – and sets out the policy actions and financial instruments that can deliver a major acceleration in private capital flows for the energy transition.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264995925
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Umweltstatistik ; Klimawandel ; Lateinamerika ; Karibischer Raum ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Environment at a Glance in Latin America and the Caribbean: Spotlight on Climate Change focusses on climate change, looking at trends in greenhouse gas emissions, exposure to climate-related hazards and climate policies. It provides key messages on past progress and remaining efforts to be made in Latin America and the Caribbean. The report draws on the OECD's expertise in environmental data and indicators, on the work of the International Programme for Action on Climate (IPAC) and is part of the OECD Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Programme. The indicators presented come from OECD and other international databases, and reveal substantive gaps in the availability of data on the environment and climate in the region. This interactive report allows users to play with the data and graphics and to download and share them.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264329218
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.)
    Keywords: Erneuerbare Energie ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Energiemarkt ; Welt ; Energy
    Abstract: The key areas examined by the report include the latest data and analysis on renewable power capacity additions in 2022 – globally and for major markets – as well as forecasts for 2023 and 2024. The update will look at key topics for renewables this year and next, including how the energy crisis will affect their deployment in the EU, their impact on energy affordability, and the latest trends in the United States, China and India. It will also explore the implications of developments affecting major technologies like solar, wind and biofuels – including market dynamics, financing, energy security priorities, manufacturing and power system integration. The report provides the IEA's latest assessment of the state of play in renewables markets since the publication of our Renewables 2022 report in December. In exploring the most recent market and policy developments as of April 2022, our Renewable Energy Market Update forecasts new global renewable power capacity additions and biofuel demand for 2023 and 2024. It also discusses key uncertainties and policy-related implications that may affect projections for 2024 and beyond.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Renewables Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset focuses on the renewables market while providing full balance data such as primary energy supply, transformation sector and final consumption based in kilotonne and terajoule of renewables equivalent for OECD countries and OECD country aggregate.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264795570
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (181 p.)
    Keywords: Energie ; Energiequelle ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energieversorgung ; Welt ; Energy
    Abstract: This year's edition of the World Energy Investment provides a full update on the investment picture in 2022 and an initial reading of the emerging picture for 2023. The report provides a global benchmark for tracking capital flows in the energy sector and examines how investors are assessing risks and opportunities across all areas of fuel and electricity supply, critical minerals, efficiency, research and development and energy finance. It focuses on some important features of the new investment landscape that are already visible, including the policies now in place that reinforce incentives for clean energy spending, the energy security lens through which many investments are now viewed, widespread cost and inflationary pressures, the major boost in revenues that high fuel prices are bringing to traditional suppliers, and burgeoning expectations in many countries that investments will be aligned with solutions to the climate crisis.
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Orientations stratégiques pour atténuer les risques de flux financiers illicites dans le négoce de produits pétroliers : Favoriser l'intégrité dans le cadre de la transition énergétique
    Keywords: Energy ; Taxation ; Development ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: This Policy Guidance is a product of the Development Assistance Committee's multi-year programme of work on Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs) in oil commodity trading. It proposes a set of relevant, feasible actions for providers of official development assistance (ODA) to respond to IFFs in oil commodity trading. The aim is to enhance the mobilisation of domestic resources for the benefit of populations living in oil-producing developing countries, and enable integrity in their energy transition, particularly in carbon trade.
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Renewables Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This comparative table comprises statistics about net capacity of renewables in MWe terms. Renewable electricity and heat generation are derived from solar thermal, geothermal, hydro, wind.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Statistics: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: CO2 emissions after reallocation of emissions from electricity and heat generation to consuming sectors. This data file includes four dimensions of "flow", "allocation", "time" and "country".
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Electricity Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This table shows a comprehensive status of net electrical capacity by type of energy. It also contains data on single fuel-fired and multi-fuel fired plants, type of generation and peak load.
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Oil Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset provides a detailed comparison of products such as crude oil, natural gas liquids, petroleum, gasoline, ethane while focusing on their trade flows, production, consumption across OECD member countries.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset provides conversion factors in terms of trade, production and consumption of energy within various industries.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Oil Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This table contains data on crude supply by comparing imports, exports, stock changes and trade flows of products such as crude oil, natural gas liquid, biofuels, hydrocarbons and refinery feedstocks.
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Natural Gas Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This table contains data on natural gas imports by origin for OECD countries.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Coal Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This table contains world data on coal supply as well as coal consumption.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Coal Information Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: In this table, a balance for different types of coal and coal products, including manufactured gases is shown. The aggregates for hard coal and brown coal are also included, as is a product coal which includes all primary coal types, and all derived coal products with the exception of gas works gas. This table provides full balance data such as primary energy supply, transformation sector and final consumption based in kilotonnes of coal equivalent (7,000 Gigacalories) for OECD countries and OECD country aggregate groups.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264704251 , 9789264988477 , 9789264732940
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Costa Rica 2023 (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Costa Rica ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: A megadiverse county, Costa Rica is known globally for its success in reversing deforestation and pursuing a growth model based on the sustainable use of its environmental resources. However, energy use and related greenhouse gas emissions increased in the last decade. Private cars are a major and growing source of emissions affecting climate and air quality. Waste disposal still relies on landfills, and much wastewater is untreated. Costa Rica's extensive protected area network and pioneering programme of payments for ecosystem services have helped reduce biodiversity loss and extend forests' carbon sequestration capacity. However, more should be done to tackle pressures on biodiversity from development of infrastructure and settlements, tourism, farming and fishing. The sheer scale of investment needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals calls for improving the efficiency of public spending, mobilising private finance, strictly enforcing regulations and providing adequate incentives. This is the first OECD Environmental Performance Review of Costa Rica. It evaluates the country's progress towards sustainable development, with a special chapter focusing on biodiversity, and provides 52 recommendations.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264983267
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Kenya
    Abstract: Energy efficiency continues to play a critical role in improving living standards around the world and is the first and best response to simultaneously meet affordability, supply security and climate goals. As Kenya looks to drive forward its clean energy transition in the face of the global climate and energy crises, there is a growing role for energy efficiency in supporting its aims to ensure affordable, reliable access to electricity while allowing greater integration of renewable energy technologies. As part of the Energy Efficiency in Emerging Economies (E4) Programme, this report aims to provide an overview of current progress in energy efficiency and its potential for improving people's lives through delivery of a sustainable, modern energy system. The report assesses progress, opportunities and challenges for energy efficiency across four key areas: Buildings, Appliances, Clean Cooking and Electricity System Losses. The report gives suggestions on potential policy actions that can be taken to enhance progress, drawing on case studies and examples from Kenya and other countries in Africa and globally. It represents part of the IEA’s growing collaboration with Kenya in the build-up to the IEA’s Energy Efficiency in Emerging Economies Training Week and 9th Annual Global Conference on Energy Efficiency, which will take place in Nairobi in March and May 2024 respectively.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264422209 , 9789264406827 , 9789264489998
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This report explores evidence-based action areas to increase and accelerate the mobilisation of private finance for climate action in developing countries, and the role of international public finance providers in doing so. It draws on best-available data to provide disaggregated analysis of the sectoral, geographic and other features of private finance mobilised by public climate finance and presents key economy-wide, sector-specific, and institutional challenges to private finance mobilisation. The analysis is anchored in the context of the USD 100 billion climate finance goal, initially set for 2020 and extended to 2025, while also providing insights related to mobilising private finance for climate action in developing countries more broadly.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264456457
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Latin America and the Caribbean is a region that stands out in the global energy sector. It boasts extraordinary natural resources – both fossil fuels and renewable energy – and a significant share of the world’s critical minerals. It also has a history of ambitious policy making in pursuit of stronger energy security and greater sustainability that has delivered one of the cleanest electricity mixes in the world. As the region emerges from a period of sluggish economic growth, countries in Latin America and the Caribbean now stand to leverage these resources to revitalise their economies and improve the security and sustainability of energy around the world. The Latin America Energy Outlook, the International Energy Agency’s first in-depth and comprehensive assessment of Latin America and the Caribbean, builds on decades of collaboration with partners. In support of the region's energy goals, the report explores the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. It provides insights on the ways in which the outlook for the region and the biggest global energy trends are deeply intertwined – as well as recommendations on policies that could allow Latin America and the Caribbean to take full advantage of its great potential.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264646056
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: Dekarbonisierung ; Energiepolitik ; Industriepolitik ; Uganda ; Energy ; Uganda
    Abstract: Uganda’s Energy Transition Plan (ETP) is a strategic roadmap for the development and modernisation of Uganda’s energy sector. It charts an ambitious, yet feasible pathway to achieve universal access to modern energy and power the country’s economic transformation in a sustainable and secure way. The plan was developed by Uganda’s Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, with support from the International Energy Agency, and provides the groundwork for the government’s upcoming Integrated Energy Resource Master Plan. The analysis does not just look at Uganda in isolation but considers how global trends are influencing and opening up new opportunities, notably driven by rapidly evolving clean technology costs and shifts in energy and climate finance. Particular focus is paid to making use of the country’s considerable energy and mineral resources, and parlaying this into economic development for Uganda, a core pillar to ensure the pathway in the ETP is a just and inclusive one. The report provides detailed sector-by-sector analysis, including key targets and milestones, estimates of investment needs, and includes high-level recommendations for its implementation. While the focus of the report is from now to 2050, the ETP also highlights key steps to further the energy sector’s decarbonisation beyond 2050 and estimates at what point the energy sector is poised to reach net zero.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789264702967
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Energy
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264788640 , 9789264901537 , 9789264702042
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Taux effectifs sur le carbone 2023 (version abrégée) : Tarification des émissions de gaz à effet de serre au moyen de taxes et d’échanges de quotas d’émission
    Keywords: Emissionshandel ; Ökosteuer ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Successfully transitioning to net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions requires effective mitigation policy packages, which include carbon pricing measures: a cost-effective policy instrument that not only reduces emissions but also generates revenue to support the transition. This fourth edition of Effective Carbon Rates provides an overview of the carbon pricing landscape, examining fuel excise taxes, carbon taxes, and emissions trading systems (ETSs) through 2021, with updates on developments until 2023. The policy mechanisms examined directly impact the cost of emitting GHGs, influencing shifts in production, consumption, and investment towards low- or zero-carbon options. The analysis covers 72 countries which together account for approximately 80% of global GHG emissions. The report focuses on developments in ETSs and transport fuel taxes amidst the energy crisis and provides comprehensive and comparable data on the current status of GHG emissions pricing that can assist policymakers in identifying priorities and refining carbon mitigation strategies.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264455955
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.)
    Keywords: Kritische Metalle ; Mineral ; Rohstoffvorkommen ; Welt ; Energy ; Statistik
    Abstract: The inaugural edition of the Critical Minerals Market Review provides a major update on the investment, market, technology and policy trends of the critical minerals sector in 2022 and an initial reading of the emerging picture for 2023. Through in-depth analyses of clean energy and mineral market trends, this report assesses the progress made by countries and businesses in scaling up future supplies, diversifying sources of supply, and improving sustainable and responsible practices. It also examines major trends for individual minerals and discusses key policy implications. The report will be followed by a forthcoming analysis that will feature comprehensive demand and supply projections for key materials and a number of deep-dives on key issues. It also makes available an online tool, the Critical Minerals Data Explorer, which allow users to explore interactively the latest IEA projections.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264886247
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Keywords: Energiewirtschaft ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Beschäftigungsstruktur ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Energy
    Abstract: The second edition of the World Energy Employment (WEE) report tracks the evolutions of the energy workforce from before the pandemic, through the global energy crisis, to today. The report provides a comprehensive stock-take of energy employment with estimates of the size and distribution of the labour force across regions, sectors, and technologies. The dataset provides granularity on workers along the entire energy value chain, covering fossil fuel supply, bioenergy, nuclear, low-emissions hydrogen, power generation, transmission, distribution, and storage; and key energy-related end uses, including vehicle manufacturing and energy efficiency for buildings and industry, among other segments. Additionally, WEE 2023 includes for the first time employment data for the extraction of selected critical minerals, including copper, cobalt, nickel and lithium. This year’s report also benchmarks energy employment needs against an outlook to 2030 across IEA scenarios, outlining key policies that could help countries cultivate and maintain a skilled energy workforce throughout the energy transition. WEE 2023 explores in depth the risks of skilled labour shortages and how this may influence the outlook for the industry and includes new analysis on skills, certifications, wages, and job postings. The findings signal that the ongoing shifts in energy employment will continue and can present both opportunities and risks. With the right enabling measures in place, policy makers, energy companies, labour representatives, educational and vocational training institutions, and other key stakeholders can work in concert to avoid labour transition risks while ensuring the transition to cleaner sources of energy remains people-centred.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789264402799
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) initiative, launched in 2022 by India, aims to promote environmentally responsible consumption choices and behaviour in India and worldwide. High level principles on implementing LiFE were adopted by the G20, under India’s presidency. Following the first IEA report on LiFE, which examined the impact on energy consumption, costs and emissions of measures like those proposed by the LiFE initiative, this report provides a concrete policy toolkit for advancing LiFE implementation at the level of countries, subnational jurisdictions and individuals, and through international fora such as the G20. Enabling people to adopt sustainable consumption choices and habits requires dedicated and sustained policy interventions. This report examines the mechanisms of policies in driving change. Of the almost 1.7 billion tonnes (Gt) of CO2 savings that would be achieved in G20 countries by an implementation of LiFE-aligned measures, around 60% could be directly influenced or mandated by policies. It showcases that the LiFE movement is gaining traction, tracking around 120 LiFE-aligned policies already implemented across G20 countries and building policy toolkit based on experiences and best practices. Finally, it examines the multiple co-benefits of LiFE measures on equity, air pollution, employment and economic development, health, water, food and land-use.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264939745
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Dänemark ; Energy ; Denmark
    Abstract: Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions and combatting the climate crisis. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies. This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Denmark and the IEA. It draws on the IEA's extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA member countries to assess Denmark’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Denmark’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable clean energy future.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264675124
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Energiepolitik ; Energieeinsparung ; Saubere Energie ; Welt ; Energy
    Abstract: Governments, businesses and citizens around the globe are facing the challenge of climate change and how to accelerate global clean energy transitions to reach net zero emissions by 2050 at the latest. Central to reducing energy-related emissions are the move away from fossil fuel use to electrified systems; significant and sustained improvements in energy efficiency; and an increase in renewable electricity generation capacity. Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, as part of Japan’s Presidency of the G7, asked the International Energy Agency (IEA) to examine the evolution of energy efficiency policy in the context of the clean energy transitions. This acted to support discussions among G7 countries to provide insights and direction for the G7 energy and climate agenda. This report reflects the findings of these discussions, and uses them as a basis for guiding policy makers towards the development of policies to hasten the delivery of the energy system required for clean energy transitions. The challenge is considerable but, as this report demonstrates, governments have already begun the process of transforming their energy efficiency policies to address it. The report outlines the ways in which energy efficiency polices can develop to incorporate flexibility and engagement levers and provides insights into policy developments in major economies, with examples in three main sectors: demand flexibility in appliances and buildings, vehicle fuel economy standards, industrial energy and carbon reporting.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.268
    Keywords: Energy ; Trade
    Abstract: Government support for industrial firms can come in many different forms and through a range of channels, varying in complexity. A particularly challenging form of support is energy inputs offered to industrial producers at below-market prices. To improve understanding about the scope and scale of such support, this report examines an illustrative sample of 33 companies and their subsidiaries operating in energy-intensive industries, namely aluminium smelting, steelmaking, chemicals (including fertilisers), and cement. Most of the energy subsidies identified appear to concern the provision of natural gas and electricity at below-market rates, resulting in an average subsidy of USD 0.4-1.3 per million British thermal units and USD 0.02-0.03 per kWh, respectively, over the period 2010-20. In some cases, estimates indicate that subsidies are a multiple of firms’ energy costs, suggesting a sizable impact on firms’ profits and operating margins. The results have important policy implications for efforts to better discipline industrial subsidies in the WTO and elsewhere, notably in relation to how to ensure policy transparency in a context where large energy providers tend to be majority owned by governments.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.42
    Keywords: Finanzpolitik ; Geldpolitik ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Gemeindefinanzen ; Länderfinanzen ; Kriegsfolgen ; Energiepreis ; Inflation ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: Less than two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s illegal, unprovoked and unjustifiable war of aggression against Ukraine has triggered the biggest military confrontation in Europe since World War II. Many OECD countries have reacted to Russia’s aggression by providing military and humanitarian aid to Ukraine and by imposing economic sanctions on Russia, which has accentuated supply chain disruptions, especially in the energy sector. A combination of these supply shocks with a demand shock caused by expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to tackle the pandemic has created inflationary pressures on a scale not seen in decades. Central banks around the world are acting to fulfil their price stability mandates by increasing interest rates and by engaging in quantitative tightening (primarily the selling of government bonds to reduce central bank balance sheets), all of which put pressure on borrowing costs at a time when governments are engaging in expansionary fiscal policy to alleviate the impact of inflation. The objective of this policy note is to examine the main consequences of this challenging environment for the fiscal stance of different levels of governments. These include the weakening outlook for government revenues in times of high expenditure pressures from a more rapid energy transition as well as high borrowing costs.
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset provides crude oil imports costs by type of crude in terms of country of origin.
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset provides wholesale and retail energy end-use price indices by sector for both household and industry in nominal and real terms. Products such as coal, electricity, natural gas and oil products are included within the table.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This dataset provides wholesale and retail energy end-use price indices by sector for both household and industry in nominal and real terms. Products such as coal, heavy fuel oil, automotive diesel fuel, natural gas, oil products, unleaded gasoline are the core focus of this dataset.
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