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  • English  (269)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Emerging economies transition
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Examen des politiques d'investissement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition
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  • 2
    Language: English , French , Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. International standardisation of fruit and vegetables
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  • 3
    Language: English , French
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Series Statement: OECD statistics
    Keywords: Diskette
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Education and skills
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Reviews of national policies for education
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 2002
    Keywords: Schwellenländer ; Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaftsentwicklung
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 2002
    Keywords: Climatic changes Government policy ; OECD countries ; Greenhouse gases Government policy ; OECD countries
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264177468
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2002
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9264196080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. International mobility of the highly skilled
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1988 ; Arbeitnehmer ; Höherqualifikation ; Internationale Mobilität
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264199118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2002
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  • 10
    Book
    Book
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9264198245
    Language: English
    Pages: 152 S. , graph. Darst.
    DDC: 378.1/98
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hoger onderwijs ; Onderwijsmanagement ; Studenten ; Verwachtingen ; College students Attitudes ; Education, Higher ; Expectation (Psychology) ; Student aspirations ; Universities and colleges ; Universities and colleges ; Universities and colleges ; Erwartung ; Hochschulbildung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Student ; Universität ; Australien ; Europa ; Kanada ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Buch ; Sammelwerk ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Hochschulbildung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Student ; Erwartung ; Universität
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Répondre aux attentes des étudiants
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 2002
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264199279
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (225 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Foreign Direct Investment for Development : Maximising benefits, minimising costs
    DDC: 332.67/3/091724
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Direktinvestition ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an integral part of an open and effective international economic system and a major catalyst to development. Yet, the benefits of FDI do not accrue automatically and evenly across countries, sectors and local communities. National policies and the international investment architecture play an important part in attracting FDI to a larger number of developing countries. It is the responsibility of the host countries to put in place a transparent, broad and enabling investment policy environment and to reinforce the human and institutional potentials necessary f
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Note by the editor; Table of contents; Overview; Summary and Conclusions; Chapter I. Introduction: The Complex Nature of FDI; Chapter II. Recent Trends in FDI; Chapter III. FDI and Growth; Chapter IV. FDI and Foreign Trade Linkages; Chapter V. FDI and Technology Transfer; Chapter VI. FDI and Human Capital Enhancement; Chapter VII. FDI, Market Structure and Competition; Chapter VIII. FDI and Enterprise Development; Chapter IX. Social and Environmental Consequences of FDI; Chapter X. Selected Policies for Attracting and Reaping the Benefits of FDI: Country Experiences; Bibliography;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264099586
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Print version Trading Competitively : Trade Capacity Building in Sub-Saharan Africa
    DDC: 382.0967
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Exportförderung ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Außenhandel ; Kapazitätsmanagement ; Diversifikation
    Abstract: The trade analysis and firm surveys conducted in several African countries in this study highlight an apparent mismatch between government policies and exporters' needs in the provision and use of trade support services. While acknowledging the weaknesses of firms in these countries, the study does present evidence confirming the existence of a wide array of policy options for increasing business competitiveness and reducing dependence on primary commodities. Successful upgrading and diversification, however, require not only a right set of macroeconomic and structural policies, but also a sub
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgements; CONTENTS; Preface; List of Abbreviations; Executive Summary; Introduction; Chapter 1 Building Trade Capacity in an African Context; Chapter 2 Africa's Export Performance Reconsidered; Chapter 3 Looking Inside the Export Mechanism; Chapter 4 The Role of Trade Support Services: Evidence from Case Studies; Chapter 5 The Mauritian Experience; Chapter 6 Conclusions and Policy Implications; Appendix A Trade Reform and Supply Response under Structural Adjustment; Appendix B Structure of Exports; Appendix C Background Information on ITC, IDS and EEPRI Surveys; Bibliography
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Programme on Educational Building
    ISBN: 9789264097292
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (201 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Decentralisation and the Financing of Educational Facilities
    DDC: 332.1534
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Bildungsfinanzierung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Who finances educational facilities? What are the criteria used and how are they applied? Each country has its own system; however, the general trends are towards diversification of funding sources and decentralisation of responsibility. This publication examines the links between decentralisation and new means of financing. Although local control can guarantee greater effectiveness and responsiveness to local needs, central government remains responsible for ensuring access to equity and equality of educational opportunity. The greatest challenge in education funding consists of achieving com
    Description / Table of Contents: Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation; Programme on Educational Building; Avant-propos : Financement des équipements éducatifs et décentralisation; Foreword: Decentralisation and the Financing of Educational Facilities; Table des matières; Table of contents; Questions à débattre; Le financement de l'éducation: tendances et problèmes latents; Le financement des infrastructures scolaires au Mexique dans le cadre de la fédéralisation; Éducation préscolaire et enseignement primaire et secondaire au Québec
    Description / Table of Contents: Le financement des constructions scolaires et la contractualisation en FranceLes investissements dans les bâtiments scolaires : l'expérience de la Banque européenne...; Conclusions; Issues; Financing Expenditure on Education: Trends and Latent Problems; Financing Educational Infrastructure: An Examination of Mexico's Federalisation; Pre-school, Elementary and Secondary Education Sector in Quebec; Financing Educational Building and Contractualisation in Higher Education in France; European Investment Bank Experience with Investments in Educational Buildings; Conclusions;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Institutional Management in Higher Education
    ISBN: 9789264198241
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Responding to Student Expectations
    DDC: 378.1/98
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Student ; Erwartung ; Universität
    Abstract: Today's university students are drawn from a highly diverse set of backgrounds. Students appear in various guises as citizens, consumers, and clients. They are fitting university study around increasingly busy lives, often alongside paid employment. In many countries students are paying more for their university education, and expect high levels of standards and service. Universities are institutions with multiple roles, and must balance the needs and demands of their students with the expectations placed upon them by government, industry and the wider community. Such a balance must be struck
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Contents; Institutional Responses to Changing Student Expectations: Project Overview; Higher Education, Students, Society: Multi-lateral Relationships; Government Policy and Student Expectations: The Canadian Experience; What Should Students Be Entitled to Expect From Universities?; A Case Study of the Students' View on the Educational Process and on University Management; Students' Changing Expectations of Higher Education and the Consequences of Mismatches...; Encouraging University Responsiveness: Student-focussed Incentives in Australian Higher Education
    Description / Table of Contents: Marketing in Higher Education: Matching Promises and Reality to ExpectationsA Survey of Student-institution Relationships in Europe; Responding to Legal Liability; The Danish Parliamentary Omsudsman's Experience With Regard to the Legal Protection of Students; Handling Student Grievances: What Lessons are there for Institutions in the Cases Brought before...; Notes on Authors;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264198388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (165 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Beyond Kyoto : Energy Dynamics and Climate Stabilisation
    DDC: 333.79
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Klimaänderung ; Kohlendioxid ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: Mitigating climate change will require profound changes in world energy production and use. While the full effects of climate change are not likely to be felt for decades, the need for action is more immediate, for changes in greenhouse gas concentrations are almost irreversible. Solutions exist in the form of energy efficiency improvements, fuel switching to non-carbon sources, and carbon recovery and storage. But the long-term costs of mitigation and the precise extent and pace of climate damage remain uncertain. So policy-makers face the task of conceiving and implementing measures in a con
    Description / Table of Contents: ¦ Co-ordinated policies and measures¦ Ancillary benefits and sustainable development; ¦ Promises and limits of financial assistanceand the Clean Development Mechanism; 5. Future Commitments: timing, allocation and structure; ¦ Timing; ¦ Allocation; 6. Options for future agreements; ¦ Uncertainties are the problem; ¦ The price cap; ¦ Zero price cap: the non-binding target option; ¦ The dynamic target option; Conclusion; Appendix: Certainty versus stringency; List of Abbreviations and Acronyms; References;
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Acknowledgements; CONTENTS; Introduction; 1. Climate change and decision-making; ¦ Reality of climate change; ¦ Stabilisation dynamics; ¦ Decision-making under uncertainty; ¦ Certainty versus stringency; 2. Choices in the energy sector; ¦ The predominance of energy-related emissions; ¦ Energy savings come first; ¦ Fuel switching; ¦ Non-carbon emitting energy sources; 3. Current commitments; ¦ The need for international co-operation; ¦ The UN Framework Convention on Climate Changeand its Kyoto Protocol; ¦ Likely effects of current commitments; 4. Inducing change; ¦ Learning-by-doing
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264197992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Coal in the Energy Supply of India
    DDC: 338.27240954
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Indien ; Kohlenbergbau ; Lagerstätte ; Bergwerk ; Energiewirtschaft ; Rohstoffversorgung ; Energieträger ; Kohle ; Transport ; Rohstoffpreis ; Rohstoffmarkt
    Abstract: Indian coal reserves are the third largest in the world, after the United States and China. India is the third largest coal producer in the world and the eighth largest importer. With annual production of 310 million tonnes and imports of almost 25 million tonnes, coal provides one-third of energy supply in India. The Indian government forecasts huge increases in electricity capacity based on coal. Massive increases in coal supply would be required if these plans are realised, although it is not clear if they are feasible. The principal objective of Indian coal policy should be to improve the
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264198913
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (291 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Print version Development is back
    DDC: 338.9
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: Achieving the economic development of poor countries remains, even in the third millennium, a formidable challenge which increasingly preoccupies OECD countries. The Organisation's Development Centre was founded in 1962 as one means to study and to try to confront the problems of comparative development and to relate them to experiences in the more advanced economies. This book provides a compendium of that experience and looks forward to future policies and strategies which might provide some solutions to the problems facing developing countries. Some reflections are also included on a remark
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; CONTENTS; Preface; Chapter 1 The Development of the Centre; PART ONE: ANALYTICAL TOPICS; Chapter 2 The West and the Rest in the International Economic Order; Chapter 3 Growth in Theory and in Practice; Chapter 4 Convergence Clubs and Underdevelopment Traps; Chapter 5 Sustainable Development; Chapter 6 Globalisation and Poverty; Chapter 7 The Changing Role of the Firm in Development; Chapter 8 State-owned Enterprises in Development Privatisation and Beyond; Chapter 9 Trade and Investment Liberalisation; Chapter 10 Governing Financial Globalisation
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 11 Civil Society and DevelopmentChapter 12 The Developmental Challenge; PART TWO: PERSONAL PERSPECTIVES; Chapter 13 Origins of the Development Centre; Chapter 14 A Personal Account; Chapter 15 The Origins and Early Years of the Centre: A Personal Perspective Angus Maddison; Chapter 16 The Centre since the 1960s; Chapter 17 Remarks on the Occasion of the 40th Anniversary; Chapter 18 The Development Centre in the World of Ideas; Chapter 19 Thoughts on the Role of the Development Centre within the OECD; Chapter 20 On "The West and the Rest"
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 21 Development with a Big D: A 21st Century Mission for the OECD?Postscriptum; Contributors;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (345 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Governance for Sustainable Development : Five OECD Case Studies
    DDC: 338.9/27
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Umweltpolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This publication presents five governmental experiments aimed at promoting sustainable development in Canada, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. These countries were selected on the basis of their diversity in terms of size and natural conditions. They also display a variety of economic, environmental and social conditions and cultural patterns. The five case studies illustrate specific institutional and decision-making efforts to adapt governance frameworks in order to respond to sustainable development challenges. The country studies are introduced by an analytical secti
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Improving Governance for Sustainable Development: Learning from Experience in Five OECD Countries...; Canada; Germany; Japan; The Netherlands; United Kingdom;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264197350
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Fighting Hard-core Cartels : Harm, Effective Sanctions and Leniency Programmes
    DDC: 338.8/7
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; OECD ; Kartell ; Bekämpfung ; Wettbewerbspolitik
    Abstract: Hard-core cartels are the most egregious violations of competition law. What are the most appropriate tools to fight them? . In this book, the OECD identifies an increasingly successful  "carrot-and-stick"  approach -  applying stiffer punishment for cartel operators and enhancing programmes aimed at rewarding cartel members who decide to defect and co-operate with the authorities.  This book contributes to the existing knowledge about the extent of cartels' overcharges and other harm  to businesses and consumers worldwide, and sheds light on new and eff
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Part I. Report on Leniency Programs to Fight Hard-core Cartels; Executive Summary; Overview; Leniency programs in Member countries; Aspects of information demanded; Other considerations; Elements of leniency; Practical considerations; Potential problems or issues; International co-operation and coordination among jurisdictions; Notes; Bibliography; Annexes and appendices; Part II. Report on the Nature and Impact of Hard Core Cartels and Sanctions Against Cartels Under National...; Executive Summary; I. Introduction; II. The nature and impact of cartels
    Description / Table of Contents: III. Sanctions available and applied in cartel casesIV. Optimal sanctions; Conclusions; Notes; Annex A. Selected Cartel Cases; Annex B. Available Sanctions for Hard Core Cartels; Annex C. Summary of Submissions on Cartel Enforcement by Non-member Invitees to the OECD Global Forum...; Part III. Recommendation of the Council concerning Effective Action Against Hard Core Cartels...; I. RECOMMENDS as follows to Governments of Member countries:; II. INSTRUCTS the Competition Law and Policy Committee
    Description / Table of Contents: III. INVITES non-Member countries to associate themselves with this Recommendation and to implement it.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264197091
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (151 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Agriculture and Trade Liberalisation : Extending the Uruguay Round Agreement
    DDC: 382/.41
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Electronic books ; Agrarwelthandel
    Abstract: This report provides information on the average tariff levels and on the use of tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies and export credits by selected OECD countries for temperate-zone agricultural products. The implications of further liberalisation of the various instruments over the medium term are examined. The effects of further trade liberalisation of agricultural markets over the medium-term depend significantly on the modalities and prevailing market conditions against which the liberalisation scenarios are compared. On market access, although the largest impact on world prices is from ta
    Description / Table of Contents: Preamble; Part I. Tariff-rate quotas and tariffs in oecd agricultural markets: a forward-looking analysis; Summary; Introduction; The economics of TRQs; TRQs and fill rates; Tariffs; Empirical implementation; Scenarios; Differences between TRQBASE and BASELINE; Scenario results; Summary and conclusions; Annex I.A; Annex I.B; Notes; References; Part II. A forward-looking analysis of export subsidies in agriculture; Data from country notifications to the WTO; Summary of Aglink and the Outlook; Quantity controls or support prices; Results of the scenario; Key assumptions; Conclusions
    Description / Table of Contents: Annex. Implementation of the export subsidy scenario in AglinkPart III. An analysis of officially supported Export Credits in agriculture; Introduction; Use of export credits; Subsidy rate of export credits; How defaults can affect the subsidy rate; Importers and liquidity constraints; Other uses of export credits excluded from this study; Export credits in world agricultural product markets; Conclusions; Notes; Glossary; Annex. Method and Data used to Evaluate Export Credits; References;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264187146
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Print version Education and Health Expenditure, and Development : The Cases of Indonesia and Peru
    DDC: 361
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Indonesien ; Peru ; Bildungsausgaben ; Gesundheitsausgaben ; Armut
    Abstract: When setting spending priorities in education and health, countries all too often target expensive schemes which can be shown only to benefit specific sections of the population, often the non-poor. The building of certain urban hospitals and universities may fall into this category. Wherever expenditure is directed to universal schemes, such as establishing rural and urban clinics, kindergartens and primary schools, however, the poor can be shown to benefit more. This book pleads for a series of policy orientations leading towards pro-poor health and education spending
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Preface; Executive Summary; Introduction; Chapter 1: Poverty, Education and Health in Indonesia: Who Benefits from Public Spending?; Chapter 2: Public Social Sector Expenditures and Poverty in Peru; Chapter 3: Summary Assessment and Recommendations;
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264197312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Handbook of Biodiversity Valuation : A Guide for Policy Makers
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Electronic books ; Biodiversität ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: All societies depend on biodiversity and biological resources, and policy makers are increasingly aware that development pressures are today generating unprecedented rates of biodiversity loss. The fact that biodiversity issues often receive low priority in policy decisions is at least in part due to problems involved in assessing its contribution to society -- these values defy easy description and quantification. What cannot be quantified, or is difficult to monitor and evaluate, is easy to disregard. The result is that biodiversity fails to compete on a level playing field in policy decisio
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; I. INTRODUCTION; II. BIODIVERSITY LOSS AND BIODIVERSITY VALUE; III. VALUES AND DECISION-MAKING; IV. ELICITING VALUES: DELIBERATIVE AND INCLUSIONARYPROCEDURES; V. VALUES AND TIME; VI. ECONOMIC VALUES: THE BASICS; VII. ECONOMIC VALUATION METHODS BASED ON MARKETPRICES; VIII. STATED PREFERENCE METHODS; IX. ECONOMIC VALUATION: BENEFITS TRANSFER; X. BIODIVERSITY VALUES AND THE POLICY PROCESS; REFERENCES;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (67 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Strategies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transport : Analytical Methods
    DDC: 363.738/746/094
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Electronic books ; Straßengüterverkehr ; Treibhausgas ; Reduktion ; Analytische Methode
    Abstract: Road transport accounts for approximately 80% of CO2 emissions emanating from transport, which corresponds to more than 20% of total emissions. This clearly has enormous implications for global climate change. What are the measures and strategies already taken by OECD countries to reduce or stabilise greenhouse gases from road transport? What frameworks exist to evaluate the impact and efficiency of these measures and strategies? And how effective are they?. With the continued growth forecast in car ownership and distance travelled, what are the expected trends in CO2 emissions and their conse
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Abstract ITRD No. E109210; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; Conclusions and Recommendations; Chapter 1. Introduction; Chapter 2. Recent Trends in CO2 Emissions from Road Transport; Chapter 3. Policies and Measures to Reduce CO2 Emissions from Transport; Chapter 4. Assessment and Modelling Methods: an Evaluation Framework; Chapter 5. Future Trends in CO2 Emissions and Technological Improvements; Annex A. list of participants; Appendix A. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change; Appendix B;
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264198074
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (191 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Debt Management and Government Securities Markets in the 21st Century
    DDC: 332.632044
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Debt Management ; Kapitalmarkt ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Debt Management and Government Securities Markets in the 21st Century reviews recent trends in the structure of OECD government securities markets and public debt management operations, and highlights the generic structural policy issues in emerging debt markets. Over the years, OECD debt managers have developed best practices for raising, managing and retiring debt at the lowest possible price and acceptable risk, largely in the presence of persistent large deficits. New techniques have been developed to cope with the adverse consequences of running surpluses (pricing anomalies and lower liqu
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Chapter 1. Overview of Trends and Recent Changes in the Structure of OECD Public Debt...; Chapter 2. Overview of Policy Objectives and Characteristics of Public Debt and Debt Holdings; Chapter 3. Experience with Index-linked Bonds in OECD Countries; Chapter 4. Electronic Issuance and the Future of Primary Dealer Systems; Chapter 5. The Impact of Electronic Systems on Secondary Markets; Chapter 6. The Role and Structure of Debt Management Offices; Chapter 7. Risk Management Practices Concerning Assets and Liabilities of Debt Managers...
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 8. Investor Relations and Information Policy by OECD SovereignsChapter 9. Challenges for Debt Management in Emerging Bond Markets;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264099548
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (205 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Print version Electronic Commerce for Development
    DDC: 381/.142
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Entwicklungsländer ; Electronic Commerce
    Abstract: Lagging information technology infrastructure can handicap emerging countries subjecting them to de facto trade discrimination in the world marketplace - but closing the gap will not be easy. In this collection of essays, renowned authors from various disciplines have drawn on supply chain analysis and industry studies to elucidate how NICT - new information and communications technologies - like mobile telephony and the Internet have been affecting low-income communities and small entrepreneurs from Bangladesh to South Africa. The general conclusion is sobering. NICT is no panacea for low pro
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgements; CONTENTS; Preface; An Introduction to the Debate on Electronic Commerce and Development; PART ONE INTERNET AND THE ORGANISATION OF GLOBAL MARKETS; Chapter 1 The Evolution of Global Value Chains in the Internet Era; Chapter 2 E-Commerce for Development: A General Framework; Chapter 3 E-Commerce for Development: Between Seylla and Charybdis; PART TWO SECTORAL ANALYSES; Chapter 4 The Prospects and Challenges of E-Business for the South African Automotive Components Sector: Preliminary Findings from Two Benchmarking Clubs
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 5 Local Entrepreneurship in the Era of E-business: Early Evidence from the Indian Automobile IndustryChapter 6 The World's First Internet Coffee Auction: Design, Implementation and Lessons Learned; PART THREE COUNTRY EXPERIENCE AND LOCAL EXPERIMENTS; Chapter 7 The Micro-Foundations of E-Commerce: Informational-Focused Development in Andbra Pradesh, India; Chapter 8 Cellular Phone in Rural Bangladesh: A Study of the Village Pay Phone of Grameen Bank; Chapter 9 Local Content Creation and E-Commerce: A South African Perspective; List of Participants; Conference Agenda;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264198920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (273 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Distributed Public Governance : Agencies, Authorities and other Government Bodies
    DDC: 352.290941
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Behörde ; Öffentliche Aufgaben ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Good governance in modern times requires attention not only to shifting relations between governments, citizens and parliaments, but to the effective functioning of government itself. One important issue is "Distributed Governance" - a term coined in this publication to capture the notion of proliferating public organisations operating with some degree of separateness from core government ministries. Despite the fact that in many countries more than half of public employment and central public expenditure is carried out through such bodies, they have not been comprehensively studied
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Synthesis Report; Agencies in Search of Principles; Canada; France; Germany; The Netherlands; New Zealand; Spain; Sweden; United Kingdom; United States; Distributed Public Governance: Principles for Control and Accountability of Agencies, Authorities...;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Housing Finance in Transition Economies
    DDC: 332.7/22/0947
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Osteuropa ; Wohnungsbaufinanzierung ; Baltikum ; Hypothek ; Wohnungsbaufinanzierung
    Abstract: Housing policies of the central and eastern European countries are changing dramatically. Governments as suppliers of housing for the public are being replaced by market mechanisms in the private sector. To facilitate the development of housing markets, establishing well-functioning housing finance systems has emerged as an important policy issue for transition economies. This publication contains selected papers originally submitted to the workshop on housing finance in transition economies organised by the OECD in June 2000. It provides the first in-depth survey of current situations and cha
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196766
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (347 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Measuring Up : Improving Health System Performance in OECD Countries
    DDC: 362.1/094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Medizinische Versorgung ; Leistungsmessung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Proceedings of the Ottawa Conference, November 2001. How can we measure the performance of different health systems, and how can we use such information to support on-going health systems improvement? Those are the central questions addressed in this volume. Health policy makers have a growing interest in finding ways of encouraging health systems to improve their performance, where performance is measured against quality, efficiency or equity goals. Improving performance has the potential to reduce the tensions between rising demands and limited resources. There is also a growing demand for a
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Acknowledgements; Table of Contents; Editor's Preface; References; Part I. Overview of Issues and Challenges; Chapter 1. Measuring Health System Performance: Problems and Opportunities in the Era of Assessment...; Chapter 2. Performance Measurement and Improvement in OECD Health Systems: Overview of Issues and Challenges; Part II. Performance Measurement and Performance Management from the Perspective of Various Actors...; Chapter 3. Improving Value for Money in the United Kingdom National Health Service: Performance Measurement...
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 4. Improving Accountability in a Decentralised System: A Swedish PerspectiveChapter 5. Providing Performance Information for Consumers: Experience from the United States; Chapter 6. Can a Tulip Become a Rose? The Dutch Route of Guided Self-Regulation Towards a Community-Based...; Chapter 7. Towards Integrated and Coherent Health Information Systems for Performance Monitoring: the Canadian...; Part III. Performance Measurement Activities at the International Level: How Can International Comparison...; Chapter 8. Opening the black box: whaT Can Be Learned from a Disease-Based Approach?
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 9. The Evolution of WHO's Approach to Health System Performance AssessmentChapter 10. Measuring and Improving Patients' Experiences: How Can we Make Health Care Systems Work...; Chapter 11. Equity in the Use of Physician Visits in OECD Countries: Has Equal Treatment for Equal Need Been...; Part IV. Best Practices in Measuring Different Dimensions of Health System Performance; Chapter 12. Measuring the Quality of Hospital Care: The State of the Art; Chapter 13. Measuring the Quality of Long-term Care in Institutional and Community Settings
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 14. Developing Composite Indicators for Assessing Health System EfficiencyPart IV. Applying Performance Indicators to Health System Improvement; Chapter 15. Applying Performance Indicators to Health System Improvement; Part VI. Summary and Conclusions; Chapter 16. Measuring Up: Lessons and Potential; Part VII. Ministerial Roundtable: Leadership, Successes and Challenges; Chapter 17. Measuring Health System Performance and the Impact on Political Decision-making: the Views...;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196988
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (125 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Redefining Territories : The Functional Regions
    DDC: 307.4
    Keywords: Electronic books ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Regionalwirtschaft ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: This publication reports on current definitions and uses of functional regions in the OECD countries. It sets forth the reasons that prompt countries to formulate such entities, takes stock of responsibilities and prerogatives existing at these echelons, and tallies their financial resources.The publication is an assessment of the relevance of using these regions as analytical territorial entities in the OECD countries, and as a framework for the application of certain territorial policies
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Table of Contents; Part I. A Synthesis of Definitions and Usage; Introduction; Chapter 1. What is a Functional Region in the OECD Area?; Chapter 2. Why Define Functional Regions?; Chapter 3. What Are the Responsibilities of Functional Regions in OECD Member Countries?; Conclusion and Future Outlook; Part II. Detailed Definitions for Each OECD Country; Austria; Belgium; Canada; Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Japan; Korea; Mexico; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Annex I. Questionnaire on Functional Regions
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264198098
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (145 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Print version FDI from Developing Countries : A Vector for Trade and Development
    DDC: 338.8891724
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Entwicklungsländer ; Direktinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen
    Abstract: Korea's experience with outward foreign direct investment (FDI) demonstrates that the ancillary benefits of such investment -- knowledge and management transfer, market acquisition and skills enhancement -- can be substantial for individual firms. Moreover, the resulting increased robustness of these enterprises contributes to the strength and stability of the economy as a whole. While it is true that inward FDI carries similar benefits, outward FDI -- driven by the prerogatives of the domestic company -- is integrated into existing business plans and strategies, and therefore constitutes a mo
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Preface; Chapter 1 Introduction; PART ONE THE FDI DYNAMIC IN THE GLOBALISATION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRY FIRMS; Chapter 2 Major Segments of the Value Chain and Their Spatial Deployment; Chapter 3 The Impact of Restrictive Trade Policy on the Spatial Deploymentof the Value Chain; Chapter 4 Changing Production Technology and Global Deploymentof the Value Chain; Chapter 5 Investment Modes for the Globalisation of Developing Country Firms; PART TWO THE DETERMINANTS OF FDI BY DEVELOPING COUNTRY FIRMS: EMPIRICAL ANALYSES
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 6 A Dynamic Framework for Investment Decision Makingby Developing Country FirmsChapter 7 Data and Analyses; Chapter 8 The Determinants of FDI for the Globalisation of Corporate Activities; PART THREE THE IMPACT OF FDI ON EXPORTS; Chapter 9 Causality between FDI and Exports; Chapter 10 Analytical Framework; Chapter 11 FDI and Export Effects: Empirical Results; Chapter 12 Conclusions; Bibliography
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264197619
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (345 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version OECD Public Debt Markets : Trends and Recent Structural Changes
    DDC: 336.3409177
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Internationaler Kapitalmarkt ; Festverzinsliches Wertpapier ; Debt Management ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Wertpapiermarkt ; Staatsanleihe ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Rentenmarkt ; Staatsanleihe ; Debt Management ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This book is an authoritative source of the most up-to-date information on North American, Asian-Pacific and European bond markets. As it is drafted by the OECD debt managers themselves, it provides a unique overview of the best practices on debt management policies and techniques. This overview also focuses on issues and policies in emerging public debt markets. The findings of this study reflect important insights gained from the policy dialogue with the debt managers from emerging markets (including links to financial crises). Details on the trends, background analyses and policies in count
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; PART I OVERVIEW; Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview of OECD Bond Markets; I. Background; II. The Development of Liquid Public Debt Marketsin the OECD Area; III. Trends in North American Debt Markets; IV. The emergence of a Pan-European Public Debt Market; V. Trends and Recent Developments in the Asian-PacificPublic Debt Markets; VI. Trends in Emerging Debt Markets; VII. Policy Issues During Periods of Budgetary Surplusesand Declining Public Debt; VIII. The Growing Importance of Electronic Trading Systems; IX. Trends in the Organisation of Debt Management Offices
    Description / Table of Contents: X. The Use of DerivativesPART II NORTH AMERICAN MARKETS; Chapter 2 Overview of North American Debt Markets; Chapter 3 The Canadian Bond Market; I. Introduction and Status of Current Market / Structure of Market; II. The Role of Public Debt; III. Analysis of Trends and Developments in the 1990s; IV. Views on Future Changes; Chapter 4 The United States Bond Market; I. Introduction and Status of Current Market / Structure of Market; II. The Role of Public Debt; III. Analysis of Trends and Developments in the 1990s; IV. Views of Future Changes in Market; PART III EUROPEAN BOND MARKETS
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 5 Overview of Trends and Policiesin European Bond MarketsI. Introduction; II. The Size of European Public Debt Markets; III. Trends in Government Borrowing Requirements; IV. Convergence of Issuing Procedures; V. Liquidity; VI. Investor Diversification; VII. Issuing Procedures; VIII. Buy-back and Switching Operations; IX. Electronic Trading; X. Conclusions; Chapter 6 The Danish Bond Market; I. Introduction and Status of Current Market / Structure of Market; II. The Role of Public Debt; III. Analysis of Trends and Developments in the 1990s; IV. Views on Future Changes
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 7 The German Bond MarketI. Introduction and Status of Current Market / Structure of Market; II. The Role of Public Debt; III. Analysis of Trends and Developments in the 1990s; IV. Views on Futures Changes; Chapter 8 The Swedish Bond Market; I. Introduction; II. Borrowing Requirement and Size of Debt; III. Functioning of the Government Debt Market; IV. Domestic Debt Market - Government and Non-governmentDebt Instruments; V. Borrowing Strategy in a Budget Surplus Environment; VI. Maintenance of Debt Management Infrastructure; VII. Views on Future Changes; Chapter 9 The UK Bond Market
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction and Status of Current Market / Structure of MarketII. The Role of Public Debt; III. Analysis of Trends and Developments in the 1990s; PART IV ASIAN-PACIFIC MARKETS; Chapter 10 Overview of Asian-Pacific Debt Markets; Chapter 11 The Australian Bond Market; I. Introduction and Status of Current Market / Structure of Market; II. The Role of Public Debt; III. Analysis of Trends and Developments in the 1990s; IV. Views on Future Changes in Market; Chapter 12 The Japanese Bond Market; I. Introduction and Status of Current Market / Structure of Market; II. Role of Public Debt
    Description / Table of Contents: III. Analysis of Trends and Developments in the 1990s
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264197343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Understanding the Brain : Towards a New Learning Science
    DDC: 370
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Lernen ; Hirnfunktion
    Abstract: This book examines how new scientific developments in understanding how the brain works can help educators and educational policy makers develop new and more efficient methods for teaching and developing educational policies.  This new "science of learning" is providing insights into how to improve reading and mathematical skills and highlights the significance of the distinction between nature and nurture in learning and brain development.  The book focuses on the importance of developing a trans-disciplinary approach where teachers, the medical profession, and scientists
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Acknowledgements; Introduction; 1. What is the balance between nature and nurture in the promotion of successful learning?; 2. How important are the early years to successful lifelong learning?; 3. How significant is the distinction between "natural development" and "cultural education"?; 4. If the distinction is significant, how can we best promote these two types of learning...; 5. How far is the successful learning of specific attitudes, skills and knowledge age-related?; 6. Why is remedial education so difficult?
    Description / Table of Contents: 7. What can be said about different "styles of learning"?8. What is intelligence?; 9. What is emotional intelligence?; 10. How does motivation work?; Part I. Premises; Chapter 1. The Education Context; Chapter 2. How Cognitive Neuroscience Can Inform Education Policies and Practices; Part II. Cognitive Neuroscience Meets Education; Chapter 3. The Three Fora; Chapter 4. Learning Seen from a Neuroscientific Approach; Part III. Conclusion; Chapter 5. The Way Ahead; Annex. Agendas of the Three Fora; Brain Mechanisms and Early Learning First High Level Forum, 16-17 June 2000, Sackler...
    Description / Table of Contents: Brain Mechanisms and Youth Learning Second High Level Forum, 1-3 February 2001...Brain Mechanisms and Learning in Ageing Third High Level Forum, 26-27 April 2001...; References; Glossary; Index;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264197374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Towards Sustainable Household Consumption? : Trends and Policies in OECD Countries
    DDC: 306.30941
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; Privater Verbrauch ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Making consumption patterns sustainable is a prerequisite to achieve the goal of sustainable development. Ten years after the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, it is time to ask: are OECD countries moving towards sustainable consumption? What are the best policy options to effectively promote sustainable consumption?. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of household consumption patterns in five key areas: food, tourism-related travel, energy, water and waste generation. It brings together the various elements of household consumption that are necessary to better understand consumpti
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Acknowledgements; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; Chapter 1. Introduction; Chapter 2. Household Consumption Trends and Environmental Impacts; Chapter 3. Driving Forces Behind Household Consumption; Chapter 4. Policies to Promote Sustainable Household Consumption; Chapter 5. Policy Recommendations and Unresolved Policy Questions; References; Annex. Monitoring Progress Towards more Sustainable Household Consumption Patterns;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 57-68
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 88 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cohérence des politiques
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 57-68
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The EC has made a systematic attempt to improve policy coherence with development objectives. The "Everything but Arms" initiative is an important example of how further policy coherence is being sought between trade and development policies in the external relations area. There remain several policy coherence challenges, especially where internal EC policies, such as the Common Agricultural Policy and Common Fisheries Policy, come into contact with development policy. New institutional mechanisms have been developed in the EC reform process, and these help to address several coherence challenges. These could be further developed to address more complex issues.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 23-32
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 86 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fondements stratégiques et orientations nouvelles
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 23-32
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: External relations policies, including development co-operation, have been evolving rapidly in the 1990s as the European Community (EC) took on greater responsibilities. Following intense political debate about accountability, in 2001 the EC made major improvements to its development policy and embarked on far-reaching management reforms to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its aid programme to reduce poverty. This Peer Review assesses the situation after one year of the process expected to last until 2004.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 81-86
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 82 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Appropriation à l'échelon local et activités sur le terrain
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 81-86
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The EC reforms aim to improve operational effectiveness in partner countries. Recent policy emphasis on poverty reduction, host country ownership, the use of CSP and PRSP mechanisms, deconcentration, and results orientation, among other reforms, are now beginning to be systematised in the field. These new directions are at various levels of implementation and already suggest the utility of close Delegation-Headquarters collaboration. Monitoring of system innovations is necessary to adjust to the realities of local implementation. Peer Review feedback suggests that both host country ownership and EC effectiveness would benefit from a further extension of field authority to engage in strategy development and policy dialogue.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 69-80
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 88 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Refonte de l'organisation et de la gestion
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 69-80
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The organisation and management of EC development co-operation is embedded within the broader, and more political, external relations framework. Current reforms include more strategic and streamlined approaches, reorganisation in headquarters, and "deconcentration" of implementation authority to the field. These reforms are more sharply defining the vision, responsibilities, and processes of European aid institutions. It will be a challenge to ensure that these organisational and management reforms are increasingly results-oriented. The transition to this new form of management culture has only begun and will require a longer-term political commitment from European leadership to be successful. To implement this more strategic and developmentally oriented mandate also requires more human resources.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 102-222
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 122 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence et réglementation dans l'industrie pharmaceutique
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 102-222
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The pharmaceutical sector is a dynamic, research-intensive industry that is fundamentally influenced by a web of regulations designed to a) promote research and innovation in the design and production of drugs, b) protect consumers from potentially harmful effects of drugs, and c) to control public and private expenditure on drugs. These objectives are sometimes in conflict and may require a balancing of the interests of producers and consumers. Since most consumers have some form of health insurance, their incentives to control their purchasers of pharmaceuticals or to purchase from the most efficient pharmacist are limited. Health insurers seek to control pharmaceutial expenditure through various policies such as co-payments, lists of approved drugs and maximum reimbursement levels for different drugs. If reimbursement levels for pharmacists are set at a national or regional level, incentives for entry by new pharmacists are excessive in certain locations, typically leading to restrictions on the establishment of new pharmacies. Wellthought out reform of this industry has the potential to reduce pharmaceutical expenditures while maintaining the quality of the drugs consumed.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 33-46
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 90 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 33-46
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The EC supports development activities through the EU budget lines for external relations and the European Development Fund (EDF). Poverty reduction is the primary aim of the EC’s new Development Policy and the challenge for the EC is to align its development assistance instruments with this perspective. The EC’s official development assistance (ODA) has been increasing steadily during the 1990s. The EC has a twofold role. First, it is similar to a bilateral donor providing support directly to countries. Second, it has an important role in relation to Member States, co-ordinating their efforts. Further work will be needed to strengthen the impact of EC ODA on poverty reduction, through action to speed up commitments and disbursements, by linking ODA with other political and trade activities, and more effective country and sector allocations. Improvements in the allocation process will have to meet several strategic requirements.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 3, p. 7-14
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 9 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transparence budgétaire : Les meilleures pratiques de l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 3, p. 7-14
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The Best Practices are designed as a reference tool for Member and non-member countries to use in order to increase the degree of budget transparency in their respective countries. The Best Practices are organised around specific reports for presentational reasons only. It is recognised that different countries will have different reporting regimes and may have different areas of emphasis for transparency. The Best Practices are based on different Member countries’ experiences in each area. It should be stressed that the Best Practices are not meant to constitute a formal "standard" for budget transparency.
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  • 42
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 67-145
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promouvoir la concurrence dans le secteur du gaz naturel
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 67-145
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Natural gas is a key source of energy for OECD countries, both in its own right and as an input into the production of electricity. Regulatory reform in this sector shares both important similarities and important differences with regulatory reform in other network industries. Like other network industries, regulatory reform in natural gas involves promoting competition in the competitive segments of the industry (particularly competition between gas producers), the development of a robust regime for access to the remaining essential facilities, and structural separation between the competitive and non-competitive segments of the industry. OECD countries have pursued each of these steps, licensing independent producers, pricing access to pipeline infrastructure and separating gas production from transportation (although long-term take-or-pay contracts make this last reform more difficult). Unlike other network industries, however, the structure of the industry varies widely from country to country according to the number of domestic gas producers, the geographic location of pipelines and the uses to which natural gas is put. Countries which rely primarily on imported gas have less to gain from domestic reform and much to gain from reform in producing countries. As OECD gas sources diminish and reliance on imports increases, regulatory reform in natural gas will increasingly become an issue for international trade.
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  • 43
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 47-56
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 86 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Questions sectorielles et transversales
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 47-56
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: In order to increase efficiency, the EC has defined six priority areas for its activities, and three key cross-cutting issues. The clearer focus reflects an understanding of the comparative advantage of the EC regarding the linkage of trade and political dialogue with development co-operation and complementarity with the Member States. The overall policy framework for development co-operation and the sectoral action plans show the linkages to poverty reduction. The increasing use of sector wide approaches, including budget support, are also intended to increase country ownership, efficiency, and effectiveness. The EC will still face capacity challenges to develop its implementation strategies and policy dialogue.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 3, p. 155-171
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Base de données de l'OCDE sur le budget
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 3, p. 155-171
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The following series of tables contain information on parliamentary budget procedures in OECD Member countries. They were compiled from information submitted by Member countries to the OECD Secretariat. Note that per cent totals at the bottom of each table may not add up to 100% due to rounding, and in a few circumstances when multiple answers are allowed.
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  • 45
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 87-159
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesures d'aide à prendre face à la situation en Afghanistan : Les leçons à tirer des évaluations passées
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 87-159
    Keywords: Development ; Afghanistan
    Abstract: "Aid Responses to Afghanistan: Lessons from Previous Evaluations" was a key background paper prepared by Niels Dabelstein for the DAC Experts’ Meeting on "Afghanistan Reconstruction and Recovery: Seeing Round the Corner" (May 2002, OECD, Paris). It was also discussed at the DAC Senior Level Meeting in December 2001. The DAC Afghanistan meeting provided some useful independent advice to policy makers and practioners by discussing openly the complex, fundamental issues underpinning reconstruction and relief strategies. Participants delved into questions of governance and security, capacity building in government and civil society, and the regional dynamics, such as the role of the war economy; topics that were in keeping with the broader set of priorities identified at the Ministerial Meeting in Tokyo, 21-22 January 2002 and the Implementation Group meeting on 10-11 April 2002.
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  • 46
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 59-151
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 94 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Effets de portefeuille dans les fusions conglomérales
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 1, p. 59-151
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: In the context of conglomerate merger review, portfolio effects seem to refer to the pro- and anti-competitive effects possibly arising when: the parties enjoy market power but not necessarily dominance; and the products joined are complementary or have analogous properties. When complementary products are merged, there is a potential for considerable synergies that could benefit buyers. There is also an increased potential for forced tying, pure bundling, or analogous practices (e.g. full line forcing) that could restrict buyer choice but also lower prices. Under certain strict conditions, consumers could gain in the short run but suffer long term harm from such practices if they eventually result in a sufficient reduction of competitors and capacity in a market. The hypothetical nature of such harm has led some to conclude that instead of prohibiting mergers having potentially harmful portfolio effects, competition agencies should instead take a wait and see attitude. That would involve using abuse of dominance or monopolisation prohibitions to control negative effects should they actually materialise.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Échanges de services - EBOPS 2002
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset provides statistics on international trade in services by service category and partner country for 34 OECD countries plus the European Union (EU27), the euro area (EA17), the Russian Federation and Hong Kong, China as well as definitions and methodological notes. These data concern international trade in services between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS 2002), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. To the extent that countries report them, data are also broken down by type of service according to the EBOPS classification. Series are shown in national currency, euros and US dollars and are recorded from 1970 onwards. More recent data for Australia and Chile are also available according to EBOPS 2010 at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00583-en.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE No. 72 (Édition 2002/2)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Economic Outlook online database provides historical trends and future projections for a range of economic statistics. These include demand and gross domestic product (GDP), deflators and prices, general government accounts, households and business sectors, labour market, financial data, foreign exchange market, balance of payments, supply block, oil market and other raw materials.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Système Harmonisé 2002
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification. This dataset uses Harmonized System 2002 expressing data in US dollars which are available from 2002 onwards.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset includes statistics by detailed type of service on international trade in services for OECD countries, the European Union (EU),the euro area, the world, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russian Federation, South Africa and European Union Institutions. The data are reported within the framework of the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2002), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. This database includes summary tables by country and by service category such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services as well as providing analysis, definitions and methodological notes. Data for each individual OECD country, the EU and the euro area with zone totals for the EU, the euro area and the world for detailed service categories are also available. Series are shown in US dollars and are recorded from 1970 onwards.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE No. 71 (Édition 2002/1)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Economic Outlook online database provides historical trends and future projections for a range of economic statistics. These include demand and gross domestic product (GDP), deflators and prices, general government accounts, households and business sectors, labour market, financial data, foreign exchange market, balance of payments, supply block, oil market and other raw materials.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264196551
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Print version Emerging Africa
    DDC: 330.96
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Afrika ; Entwicklungsökonomie ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Emerging Africa is based on the fundamental conviction that, unless growth resumes, poverty cannot be reduced in the least developed countries. This study analyses the factors underlying the renewed dynamism of certain African economies in the 1990s. Several countries are, indeed, trying to meet the challenge of building the three pillars of sustainable growth -- capital accumulation, productivity gains and institutional reforms -- in order to combat long-term poverty. The authors identify the countries that are on the way to sustained growth and, on the basis of case studies, the policies the
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Preface; PART ONE ECONOMIC GROWTH SCENARIOS FOR AFRICA; Chapter 1 Renewed Progress in Africa in the 1990s?; Chapter 2 Factors of Economic Take Off in Africa; Annex Structural Change in the Productive Sector; PART TWO ANALYSIS OF GROWTH FACTORS IN SIX AFRICAN COUNTRIES; Chapter 3 Capital Accumulation; Chapter 4 Human Capital; Chapter 5 Exports; PART THREE THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF REFORM IN SIX AFRICAN COUNTRIES; Chapter 6 Overview; Chapter 7 Burkina Faso; Chapter 8 Côte d'Ivoire; Chapter 9 Ghana; Chapter 10 Mali; Chapter 11 Uganda; Chapter 12 Tanzania
    Description / Table of Contents: Concluding Summary Policy Options for Emerging AfricaBibliography
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282113684
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies : Final Report
    DDC: 388.4/094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Stadtverkehr ; Verkehrspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Verkehrsplanung ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: There is widespread agreement that in order to bring about sustainable travel in urban areas, flexible, integrated policy packages are needed that send the right signals to urban land use and transport markets. The project on Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies conducted by the ECMT has shown that actually implementing integrated policy packages for sustainable urban travel is easier said than done for a great number of cities in ECMT and OECD countries. While in most countries, urban land use and travel policies are defined and implemented at the local or regional levels, there is
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Acknowledgements; Table of Contents; Chapter 1. Introduction; Chapter 2. Trends in Urban Travel and Land Use and their Impacts; Chapter 3. National Policy Responses to Urban Travel Problems; Chapter 4. Challenges to Implementing Sustainable Travel Policies in Urban Areas; Chapter 5. Recommendations for National Governments on Improving Implementation of Sustainable Urban Travel...; Chapter 6. Conclusions; Notes; List of References; Annex I. Methodology of the ECMT-OECD Project "Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies" (1998-2001); Annex II. Steering Group Members
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent and Forthcoming Documents and Publications
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264191969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les marchés des titres de la dette publique dans les pays de l'OCDE ; Tendances et changements structurels récents
    DDC: 336.3/4/09177
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This book is an authoritative source of the most up-to-date information on North American, Asian-Pacific and European bond markets. As it is drafted by the OECD debt managers themselves, it provides a unique overview of the best practices on debt management policies and techniques. This overview also focuses on issues and policies in emerging public debt markets. The findings of this study reflect important insights gained from the policy dialogue with the debt managers from emerging markets (including links to financial crises). Details on the trends, background analyses and policies in countries and in regions can be found in various charts, tables, individual country chapters and regional overviews. Finally, key policy issues discussed include the implications of budgetary surpluses, the growing importance of electronic trading systems, trends in the organisation of debt management offices, and the use of derivatives.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264176225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Répondre aux attentes des étudiants
    DDC: 370
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Student ; Erwartung ; Universität
    Abstract: Today’s university students are drawn from a highly diverse set of backgrounds. Students appear in various guises as citizens, consumers, and clients. They are fitting university study around increasingly busy lives, often alongside paid employment. In many countries students are paying more for their university education, and expect high levels of standards and service. Universities are institutions with multiple roles, and must balance the needs and demands of their students with the expectations placed upon them by government, industry and the wider community. Such a balance must be struck in the face of increasing pressure on university budgets. Effective action to meet student expectations therefore poses major management challenges for universities. This volume arises from two seminars, held in Brisbane and Paris respectively, to examine some of the key issues facing universities as they confront these challenges. It offers perspectives and experience drawn from contributors from Australia, Europe and Canada, including the views of student leaders.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264099562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Commerce électronique et développement
    Keywords: Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: In this collection of essays, renowned authors from various disciplines have drawn on supply chain analysis and industry studies to elucidate how NICT — new information and communications technologies — like mobile telephony and the Internet have been affecting low-income communities and small entrepreneurs from Bangladesh to South Africa. The general conclusion is sobering. NICT is no panacea for low productivity and profitability in emerging countries hampered by weak infrastructure, limited managerial expertise, poor quality control, and severe market distortions. Companies anywhere must nonetheless be “wired” to have any chance of competing in the global marketplace and perhaps reach hitherto inaccessible customers.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264177420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les autres visages de la gouvernance publique ; Agences, autorités administratives et établissements publics
    DDC: 351
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Behörde ; Öffentliche Aufgaben ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Good governance in modern times requires attention not only to shifting relations between governments, citizens and parliaments, but to the effective functioning of government itself. One important issue is 'Distributed Governance' - a term coined in this publication to capture the notion of proliferating public organisations operating with some degree of separateness from core government ministries. Despite the fact that in many countries more than half of public employment and central public expenditure is carried out through such bodies, they have not been comprehensively studied from a governance perspective. Some important questions concerning these organisations that need to be addressed are: Does government have adequate oversight of them? How accountable are they? and To whom should they be accountable? Distributed Public Governance: Agencies, Authorities and other Government Bodies presents the experience of nine countries with the governance of these bodies. It also draws preliminary conclusions from the work carried out on this topic by the OECD’s Public Management Service (PUMA).
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264175891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Nuclear Energy Agency Basic studies in the field of high-temperature engineering
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France
    Abstract: In response to increasing interest in high-temperature, gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) in many countries and the need for improved materials for nuclear applications in high-temperature environments, the NEA organised a Second Information Exchange Meeting on Basic Studies in the Field of High-temperature Engineering. These proceedings provide an overview of the activities being carried out in eight countries, the improvement of material properties for HTGR application, in-core monitoring methods and properties of irradiated graphite, and HTGR fuel fabrication and performance.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264194441
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 p)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Safety
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Advanced nuclear reactor safety issues and research needs
    Keywords: Nukleare Sicherheit ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; France ; Kernreaktorsicherheit
    Abstract: New nuclear reactor designs are expected to have a higher level of safety than current designs. As part of the efforts to achieve this, important safety issues related to the new designs need to be identified at an early stage, and research required for problem resolution defined. These proceedings bring together the papers presented at the OECD/NEA Workshop on Advanced Nuclear Reactor Safety Issues and Research Needs. Conclusions of the workshop discussions are offered at the end of the book, which will be of particular interest to all those involved in planning and designing the next generation of nuclear reactors.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264194809
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réaménagement de l'environnement des sites de production d'uranium
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Environmental remediation activities in uranium mines and mills have become increasingly important in the last few decades due to the large number of facilities which have been taken out of operation, the growing interest in remediating previously abandoned sites and the increasingly strict environmental regulations that are being put in place. Remediation programmes are being implemented to ensure the return of affected areas to previously existing environmental conditions or to a land use that will be sustainable in the long term and acceptable to all stakeholders. This report provides a summary of the most relevant issues and practices in remediation programmes of uranium production facilities and an overview of activities and plans in reporting countries. It covers the areas of site characterisation, dismantling and decommissioning, waste management facilities, water remediation, long-term stewardship and monitoring, policies and regulations, and costs. The country profiles of remediation activities and plans include information considered to be important by the country and are based on survey responses provided by 22 countries (12 OECD and 10 non-OECD countries).
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 2002
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: City planning Australia ; Canberra (A.C.T.) ; Sustainable urban development Australia ; Canberra (A.C.T.) ; Urban policy Australia ; Canberra (A.C.T.) ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canberra (A.C.T.) Economic conditions ; Canberra (A.C.T.) Social conditions ; Canberra ; Stadtentwicklung
    Abstract: This comprehensive territorial review of Canberra identifies strategies and policy recommendations that can help local agencies and actors better meet the challenges they face. It identifies the need for a new and more holistic approach to urban planning and an opportunity for innovative and inclusive public participation in the planning process. Social, economic and environmental policies must evolve simultaneously in order to have maximum impact at the local level - a goal that many cities throughout OECD countries are far from reaching.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264177499
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Dépenses d'éducation, de santé et réduction de la pauvreté en Afrique de l'Est ; Madagascar et Tanzanie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Dépenses d'éducation, de santé et réduction de la pauvreté en Afrique de l'Est : Madagascar et Tanzanie
    DDC: 361.6/09678
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Madagascar ; Tanzania, United Republic of ; Madagaskar ; Bildungswesen ; Gesundheitswesen ; Armut ; Tansania
    Abstract: This book demonstrates that in the case of very poor countries, policies aimed at universal provision of education and health services benefit the poor significantly more than more expensive targeted schemes. The book draws attention to the absolute need for coherence and co-ordination so that schools are not built without teachers and dispensaries without drugs. Moreover, national macroeconomic policies have to be realistic if the health and education sectors are not to be deprived of resources. Finally, the quality of governance is shown to have a direct effect on the efficiency of social spending.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264034754
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report updates developments in terms of the roll out of broadband access in OECD countries. It does not aim to provide a definitive description of the technological alternatives or the applications for which it is being used but rather to highlight developments in relation to the leading platforms. The focus of the analysis is on how fast broadband access is being developed, what regulatory barriers exist to this development and what initiatives might be taken to increase the pace of development.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264070622
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 404; Effet irritant/corrosif aigu sur la peau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 404: Effet irritant/corrosif aigu sur la peau
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to liquid or solid test substance by dermal application. This Test Guideline recommends sequential testing strategies, which include the performance of validated and accepted in vitro or ex vivo tests for corrosion/irritation. The albino rabbit is the preferable laboratory animal. The substance to be tested is applied in a single dose to a small area of skin (approximately 6cm²) of an experimental animal; untreated skin areas of the test animal serve as the control. The exposure period is 4 hours. Residual test substance should then be removed. The dose is 0.5ml (liquid) or 0.5g (solid) applied to the test site. The method consists of two tests: the initial test and the confirmatory test (used only if a corrosive effect is not observed in the initial test). All animals should be examined for signs of erythema and oedema during 14 days. The dermal irritation scores should be evaluated in conjunction with the nature and severity of lesions, and their reversibility or lack of reversibility. When responses persist to the end of the 14-day observation period, the test substance should be considered an irritant.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'agriculture et la libéralisation des échanges ; Élargir la portée des Accords d'Uruguay
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Uruguay
    Abstract: This report provides information on the average tariff levels and on the use of tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies and export credits by selected OECD countries for temperate-zone agricultural products. The implications of further liberalisation of the various instruments over the medium term are examined. The effects of further trade liberalisation of agricultural markets over the medium-term depend significantly on the modalities and prevailing market conditions against which the liberalisation scenarios are compared. On market access, although the largest impact on world prices is from tariff reductions, each of the current trade policy instruments (i.e. out-of-quota tariffs, in-quota tariffs, and tariff rate quotas) would have to be liberalised to obtain the greatest impact. On export subsidies, their current use is already at levels much lower than Uruguay Round commitments, and elimination would have modest effects for most commodities (except dairy products). This situation could change and further discipline on their use would prevent back-tracking. Export credits used by certain countries are also found to distort trade, although the effects on world markets and average prices remain relatively small, due to the small share of trade facilitated by these programmes and their small per-unit effect. Disciplines are necessary, however, to avoid even greater use of all forms of export competition policies. Countries have embarked on a new round of multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture. The challenge facing policy makers is to build upon the foundations of the URAA to further reduce trade distortions. This requires strengthening the disciplines already established and addressing weaknesses of the current agreement, such as those that have been identified in this report.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264099708
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Italy
    Abstract: The international system of radiological protection is being revised to make it more coherent and concise. During the revision process, particular attention is given to the development of an explicit system for the radiological protection of the environment in addition to that of human beings. These proceedings comprise the views of a broad range of invited speakers, including policy makers, regulators, radiation protection and environmental protection professionals, industry, social scientists and representatives of both non-governmental and intergovernmental organisations.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264199422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Finland
    Abstract: These workshop proceedings present the history leading up to the Decision in Principle of Finland on the final disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel and examine future perspectives with an emphasis on stakeholder involvement. The workshop was highly interactive and focused on three main topics: the stepwise decision-making process, stakeholder involvement and confidence building. All relevant stakeholder voices were heard and their viewpoints debated. An account of the individual presentations and the discussions that took place are provided in these proceedings.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195530
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Finances publiques dans les administrations infranationales
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: The relationship between different levels of government is one that is continually under review. Policy-makers ensure the expenditure and revenue functions of each tier of government with a view to balancing efficiency, equity and democratic considerations. Over the last decade, the tendency in a number of countries has been to decentralise both expenditure and revenue functions to lower levels of government. Greater autonomy in raising revenues has been given to intermediate and local levels of government. Setting up of local fiscal systems and intergovernmental financial relations involves multiple and often conflicting economic and political objectives. Practically, it is one of the most complex reform processes in the area of public finance and one that is permanently on the political agenda of both OECD countries and economies in transition. Yet there is no international, comparative set of information available to support this process. The international comparable statistics on revenue of local autonomy and the design of national fiscal control are either lacking or insufficient. This study summarises the overall substantial and methodological framework of a project on fiscal design, which has been carried with the OECD. The results and comparative findings of the OECD Fiscal Design surveys are reported too. The surveys took place in six countries in Central and Eastern Europe: three OECD Member countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, and the three Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264194748
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gouvernance pour le développement durable ; Étude de cinq pays de l'OCDE
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Umweltpolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This publication presents five governmental experiments aimed at promoting sustainable development in Canada, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. These countries were selected on the basis of their diversity in terms of size and natural conditions. They also display a variety of economic, environmental and social conditions and cultural patterns. The five case studies illustrate specific institutional and decision-making efforts to adapt governance frameworks in order to respond to sustainable development challenges. The country studies are introduced by an analytical section, which focuses mainly on the way governments (at all levels) could develop integrated approaches to decision-making, on how they could ensure effective participation of civil society, and how they could improve their capacity to "take a longer-term view" - that is to design policies that remain sustainable over the longer-term.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195943
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Osteuropa ; Wohnungsbaufinanzierung ; Baltikum ; Hypothek ; Wohnungsbaufinanzierung
    Abstract: Housing policies of the central and eastern European countries are changing dramatically. Governments as suppliers of housing for the public are being replaced by market mechanisms in the private sector. To facilitate the development of housing markets, establishing well-functioning housing finance systems has emerged as an important policy issue for transition economies. This publication contains selected papers originally submitted to the workshop on housing finance in transition economies organised by the OECD in June 2000. It provides the first in-depth survey of current situations and challenges in the development of housing finance in major transition economies, in particular, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia. It also reviews current trends in housing finance in advanced market countries and their implications for transition economies.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789282112892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports urbains durables; la mise en oeuvre des politiques ; Rapport final
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Stadtverkehr ; Verkehrspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Stadtverkehr ; Verkehrsplanung ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: There is widespread agreement that in order to bring about sustainable travel in urban areas, flexible, integrated policy packages are needed that send the right signals to urban land use and transport markets. The project on Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies conducted by the ECMT has shown that actually implementing integrated policy packages for sustainable urban travel is easier said than done for a great number of cities in ECMT and OECD countries. While in most countries, urban land use and travel policies are defined and implemented at the local or regional levels, there is growing recognition that national governments can improve chances for implementation of integrated policy packages by providing for a flexible, sectorally integrated policy framework that sends the right messages to regions and cities via policy incentives and project financing. This report examines the ways in which national governments can act as catalysts for sustainable travel practices on a local level.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Global Forum on International Investment
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: The global economic slowdown and the significant decline in foreign direct investment (FDI) have made it even more imperative to attract international investment in order to achieve sustainable development and poverty reduction. The need to maximise the benefits of FDI compels host and home governments to move beyond the traditional policy of liberalising FDI. A broader set of policies for an enabling environment for investment must be embraced: competition, taxation, financial markets, trade, corporate governance, public administration, respect for workers and environmental rights, and other public policy goals. Developing policy frameworks to ensure that multinational enterprises contribute to development goals and capacity building also remain a priority issue on the international agenda. The OECD Global Forum on International Investment, at its inaugural meeting in Mexico City in November 2001, provided a unique platform for participants originating from OECD and non-OECD economies, representing academia, business and labour, and civil society to address the challenges posed by FDI. These selected conference papers add to the existing literature on FDI. They highlight the principal conclusions, include analyses of recent FDI trends and prospects, and discuss ways of maximising the benefits of FDI for development. The papers also examine lessons learned in OECD and non-OECD economies, governments’ responsibilities in FDI policies, corporate responsibility initiatives and the role of multilateral organisations in capacity building for FDI in host countries.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264196148
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Sweden
    Abstract: GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste. Retention of radionuclides within the geosphere for prolonged periods is an important safety function of deep geologic disposal concepts for radioactive waste. The extent to which retention processes can be relied upon in repository performance assessment depends upon the existence of well-established theoretical bases for the processes. It also depends on support for the operation of specific retention processes, and models for their quantitative evaluation, from a wide range of laboratory and field experiments and observations from nature. The fifth GEOTRAP workshop, "Geological Evidence and Theoretical Bases for Radionuclide-retention Processes in Heterogeneous Media" held in May 2001, looked at radionuclide-retention processes and their consideration and representation in performance assessments. Current approaches to characterising and modelling retention processes, and suggestions for future improvements, were presented and discussed. In addition to the material presented during the workshop, this publication includes a technical synthesis reflecting the discussions that took place as well as the conclusions and recommendations made, notably during the working group sessions.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264196353
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (564 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    DDC: 621.4834
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France
    Abstract: During irradiation, nuclear fuel changes volume, primarily through swelling. This swelling is caused by the fission products and in particular by the volatile ones such as krypton and xenon, called fission gas. Fission gas behaviour needs to be reliably predicted in order to make better use of nuclear fuel, a factor which can help to achieve the economic competitiveness required by today's markets. These proceedings communicate the results of an international seminar which reviewed recent progress in the field of fission gas behaviour in light water reactor fuel and sought to improve the models used in computer codes predicting fission gas release. State-of-the-art knowledge is presented for both uranium-oxide and mixed-oxide fuels loaded in water reactors.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264196445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Electricity India ; Energy development India ; Power resources India ; Energy ; India ; Indien ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Energieversorgung
    Abstract: The quality of Indian electricity, which is still provided mainly by the electricity boards of the several federal states, has deteriorated sharply. This has seriously impeded the country's economic growth. India needs now to meet the growing demand for electricity from more than a billion citizens. Vast amounts of domestic and foreign investment will be required to reach this goal. India's electricity market is moving in the right direction, but the implementation of planned reforms must be accelerated. First necessary steps include improving the administration of public utilities, reducing electricity losses from pilfering and non-payment, bolstering the utilities' revenues, expanding transmission grids and offering private players more freedom of action. This book chronicles and analyses India's progress toward liberalisation since the early 1990s. It offers constructive advice on how to overcome the immense challenges facing the Indian electricity sector today.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264160798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Data Bank
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Spain ; Thermodynamik ; Datenbank
    Abstract: Performance assessment of repository concepts for the geological disposal of long-lived radioactive waste relies on the availability of thermodynamic data for many radionuclides and other elements under a wide range of physico-chemical conditions. For the past ten years, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has been co-ordinating a multinational effort to produce a database of selected thermochemical values that would satisfy the requirements of the various national programmes in Member countries. This project is known as the NEA Thermochemical Database (TDB) Project. This publication contains the full papers and summary discussion records of a workshop attended by scientists active in the field of chemical thermodynamics and experts in repository performance assessment who use the thermochemical databases for their evaluations. During the workshop, participants discussed current experimental and theoretical standpoints, new data requirements and the peculiarities of their application in performance assessment.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264158894
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and state China ; Congresses ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; China ; Congresses ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; China, People’s Republic ; China Foreign economic relations ; Congresses ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; China ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: This book presents the proceedings of an OECD conference reflecting on how China can best manage its reform process under WTO integration. It is an invaluable analysis of farm and rural realities in today’s China and their ultimate implications for world trade. China’s World Trade Organisation membership has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges, propelling its agricultural development into a new era. China’s policymakers continue to face the twin challenges of raising farm incomes and restructuring the rural economy. Do economy-wide policies in China support the agricultural sector? What is the true extent of the "peasant burden"? What policies will most effectively promote the development of rural areas? What is the role of education in improving rural livelihoods and redeploying rural labour? What is the degree of market integration and how well are prices transmitted throughout the country? These questions and issues were debated based on the papers reproduced in this publication. They offer the reader the fruits of timely analytical and strategic thinking by some of the world’s renowned experts on China’s agricultural policies and on methods of policy analysis.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188679
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Asien ; Internationale Migration ; Asien ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Migrationspolitik
    Abstract: This publication presents the current migration policy debates in Asia, which are largely influenced by recent macroeconomic and labour market developments in the region. It analyses post-crisis trends in migration flows and the employment of foreign workers. Particular attention is paid to promoting social integration of foreign workers and to combatting illegal employment in the context of the reviving Asian economies. The book provides individual reviews of recent developments in migration trends and policies in Australia, China, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Details, statistics and information on labour migration enable meaningful cross-country comparisons.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264175976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Distributed generation of electric power OECD countries ; Electric power Economic aspects ; OECD countries ; Energy ; Energiepolitik ; Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: Electric power in OECD countries is mostly produced by large central generating stations, then transmitted along high voltage lines to local distribution systems that carry it to final consumers. Distributed generation plants are different. They produce power on an electricity consumer’s own site or at the local distribution substation and can supply power directly to the customer or to the local distribution network. Distributed generation technologies include engines, small turbines, fuel cells, and photovoltaic systems. Distributed generation technologies are already having a large impact, particularly for high- reliability applications, as a source of emergency capacity or as a way of deferring the expansion of a local network. In some markets, these plants are displacing more costly grid electricity. Globally, more capacity for distributed generation was ordered in 2000 than for nuclear power. This book provides a guide to energy policy makers on this growing phenomenon. It surveys the current situation and market status of distributed generation in selected OECD countries, including the impact of current energy policies.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264195745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Afrique émergente
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Emerging Africa is based on the fundamental conviction that, unless growth resumes, poverty cannot be reduced in the least developed countries. This study analyses the factors underlying the renewed dynamism of certain African economies in the 1990s. Several countries are, indeed, trying to meet the challenge of building the three pillars of sustainable growth -- capital accumulation, productivity gains and institutional reforms -- in order to combat long-term poverty. The authors identify the countries that are on the way to sustained growth and, on the basis of case studies, the policies they have put in place to further the reform process. These policies are presented with a view to advising both emerging African economies and those seeking to join them.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264175068
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers un mode de consommation durable des ménages ? ; Tendances et politiques dans les pays de l'OCDE
    DDC: 339.4/7
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of household consumption patterns in five key areas: food, tourism-related travel, energy, water and waste generation. It brings together the various elements of household consumption that are necessary to better understand consumption trends and to identify the best policy options towards sustainable consumption. These include data on household consumption trends and drivers, environmental impacts, policy responses and policy recommendations. The analysis shows that environmental impacts from household activities have worsened over the last three decades and are expected to intensify even more over the next twenty years, particularly in the areas of energy, transport and waste if strong and comprehensive policies are not implemented. The book provides a framework and outlines the objectives of policies to promote sustainable consumption. It analyses the effectiveness of different types of policy instruments (regulatory, economic, social) in influencing consumer decision-making, and identifies combinations of instruments for promoting more sustainable consumption.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégies de réduction des gaz à effet de serre émanant du transport routier ; Méthodes d'analyse
    DDC: 363.738746094
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Straßengüterverkehr ; Treibhausgas ; Reduktion ; Analytische Methode
    Abstract: What are the measures and strategies already taken by OECD countries to reduce or stabilise greenhouse gases from road transport? What frameworks exist to evaluate the impact and efficiency of these measures and strategies? And how effective are they? With the continued growth forecast in car ownership and distance travelled, what are the expected trends in CO2 emissions and their consequences for the potential achievement of the Kyoto Protocol? What models are available to predict the level of CO2 emissions? Are they useful? This report, which has been prepared by an OECD Working Group, uses a number of illustrative and pragmatic cases to provide important insights into these major questions.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195950
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Etre à la hauteur ; Mesurer et améliorer la performance des systèmes de santé dans les pays de l'OCDE
    DDC: 362.1/094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; OECD ; Gesundheitswesen ; OECD ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Medizinische Versorgung ; Leistungsmessung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: How can we measure the performance of different health systems, and how can we use such information to support on-going health systems improvement? Those are the central questions addressed in this volume. Health policy makers have a growing interest in finding ways of encouraging health systems to improve their performance, where performance is measured against quality, efficiency or equity goals. Improving performance has the potential to reduce the tensions between rising demands and limited resources. There is also a growing demand for accountability among funders and providers of health services. This book highlights the core elements of a possible performance measurement framework to assess health systems at the international and national levels. It also addresses further challenges which remain: how do we overcome the lack of health outcome measures? How do we better align performance information and incentives with policy objectives? And how do we reconcile the traditional professional self-regulation approach with greater public accountability for health care quality?
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264199286
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement direct étranger au service du développement ; Optimiser les avantages, minimiser les coûts
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Direktinvestition ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an integral part of an open and effective international economic system and a major catalyst to development. Yet, the benefits of FDI do not accrue automatically and evenly across countries, sectors and local communities. National policies and the international investment architecture play an important part in attracting FDI to a larger number of developing countries. It is the responsibility of the host countries to put in place a transparent, broad and enabling investment policy environment and to reinforce the human and institutional potentials necessary for such an environment. With most FDI flows originating in OECD countries, developed countries can contribute to advancing this agenda. They can facilitate the access of developing countries to international markets and technology, and ensure policy coherence for development more generally; encourage non-OECD countries to integrate further into rules-based international frameworks for investment; actively promote the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, together with other elements of the OECD Declaration on International Investment; and share with non-members the peer review-based approach to building investment capacity. This publication provides a comprehensive review of the issues related to the impact of FDI on development as well as to the policies needed to maximise the benefits.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264099128
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France
    Abstract: This book presents the proceedings of a workshop entitled the "Handling of Timescales in Assessing Post-Closure Safety" of deep geological repositories for radioactive waste organised in Paris on 16-18 April 2002 and hosted by the French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN). The main objective of the workshop was to identify and discuss approaches related to, and work done on, the timescales issue within national radioactive waste management programmes in the context of assessing post-closure safety. The timescales in question depend upon the half-lives and levels of activity of the radionuclides considered for disposal. These proceedings include the presentations made at the workshop as well as a summary of the discussions held.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264194281
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Dépenses d'éducation et de santé, et développement ; Les cas de l'Indonésie et du Pérou
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Indonesia ; Peru
    Abstract: When setting spending priorities in education and health, countries all too often target expensive schemes which can be shown only to benefit specific sections of the population, often the non-poor. The building of certain urban hospitals and universities may fall into this category. Wherever expenditure is directed to universal schemes, such as establishing rural and urban clinics, kindergartens and primary schools, however, the poor can be shown to benefit more. This book pleads for a series of policy orientations leading towards pro-poor health and education spending.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264099609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compétitivité des échanges ; Renforcer les capacités en Afrique subsaharienne
    Keywords: Development ; Trade
    Abstract: The trade analysis and firm surveys conducted in several African countries in this study highlight an apparent mismatch between government policies and exporters’ needs in the provision and use of trade support services. While acknowledging the weaknesses of firms in these countries, the study does present evidence confirming the existence of a wide array of policy options for increasing business competitiveness and reducing dependence on primary commodities. Successful upgrading and diversification, however, require not only a right set of macroeconomic and structural policies, but also a substantial change in the policy-making process. A major governance problem undermines the implementation of a successful "business plan" for export diversification in these countries: the lack of involvement of private sector and civil society in policy formulation.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264171022
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 363.738/74
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Klimaänderung ; Kohlendioxid ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: Mitigating climate change will require profound changes in world energy production and use. While the full effects of climate change are not likely to be felt for decades, the need for action is more immediate, for changes in greenhouse gas concentrations are almost irreversible. Solutions exist in the form of energy efficiency improvements, fuel switching to non-carbon sources, and carbon recovery and storage. But the long-term costs of mitigation and the precise extent and pace of climate damage remain uncertain. So policy-makers face the task of conceiving and implementing measures in a context of uncertainty – and global inequity -, and run the risk of taking either excessive or insufficient action. This volume details the options available in the energy sector to reduce climate change. It explores the type of international agreement that could cope with the uncertainty inherent in implementing a climate program at the national and international level. It identifies mechanisms to deal with both international equity and economic uncertainty, and addresses the fundamental question: how can we proceed beyond Kyoto?
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264199026
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Global Forum on International Investment
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the forces fostering closer economic interdependence among countries. The rapid increase in FDI flows has generated considerable debate about its environmental and social implications in host countries. While much of the debate on these issues has been general in nature, this volume deepens the analysis by examining the FDI-environment relationship in a specific sector and identifies emerging best practices. Empirical evidence from the mining sector is presented, and the key elements of the policy and institutional frameworks that guide investors’ environmental behaviour are discussed. In addition, the emerging role of voluntary commitments by enterprises to safeguard the environment is examined.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264161139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 1) ; Australie, Danemark et Pays-Bas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 1) : Australie, Danemark et Pays-Bas
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Denmark ; Netherlands ; Berufstätigkeit ; Kind ; Erziehung ; Familienleben ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Reconciling work and family life involves two key goals for both individuals and society: being able to work, to earn an income while participating in the most important social activity of modern life, and providing the best care and nurturing for one’s own children. This first OECD review of the reconciliation of work and family life looks at the challenges parents of young children confront when trying to square their work and care commitments, and the implications for social and labour market trends. It considers the current mix of family-friendly policies in Australia, Denmark, and the Netherlands and explores how this policy balance contributes to different labour market and other societal outcomes in these three countries.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264033917
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.8/2311/094
    Keywords: Gas industry Europe ; Supply and demand ; Energy ; Erdgasversorgung ; Flexibilität
    Abstract: In most IEA Member countries, natural gas demand varies strongly during the year, according to temperature. Flexibility is needed to cover seasonal swings and variations in gas demand, especially for household customers. This book analyses how new flexibility tools and mechanisms are developing with market liberalisation and with the evolution of supply and demand trends. It highlights differences in flexibility requirements and provisions among IEA Member countries.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282112823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (656 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics no.15
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les transports dans les années 2000 ; Questions-clés
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les transports dans les années 2000 : Questions-clés
    DDC: 388
    RVK:
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Transport ; Greece ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Transport
    Abstract: A clear dichotomy exists between an European economy centred on international trade and the environmental damage to which this focus gives rise. There is a need for a novel approach based on a shift away from the goal of ever-faster travel and ever-greater time savings, and the adoption of a different concept of accessibility. Will the 2000s see the emergence of a new way of thinking? These and other topical issues were the subject of the ECMT’s 15th International Symposium. Are we likely to see a decoupling of economic growth from transport growth? In designing future transport systems, will the pendulum swing away from the criterion of efficiency towards greater concern for equity and the environment ? This book reproduces the 17 introductory reports presented at the Symposium, together with a summary of the discussions on the three main topics: scenarios and forecasts; transforming structures and trends in technology; peripherality and pan-European integration. It highlights the key ideas to emerge from the final Round Table on "Efficiency, Equity and the Environment in Transport: Experience and Prospects", reviews the issues facing the transport sector in the coming years and sets out policy recommendations for meeting the challenges of the 2000s.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264033955
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Between 2000 and 2001, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into and out of OECD countries recorded their largest drop in recent decades. Total inflows in the OECD area fell from US dollars (USD) 1.27 trillion to USD 566 billion, or a decline of around 56 per cent. While firm data are not fully available for non-OECD countries, early indications suggest that their share of global FDI increased slightly in 2001, owing to a less sharp decline in inflows. On current estimates, the total 2001 outflows from OECD countries amounted to USD 593 billion, with the OECD area acting as a net exporter of USD 27 billion worth of FDI in 2001 as compared with USD 12 billion in 2000. ...
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This survey, the first since 1995, describes the energy-security issues affecting Russian oil, gas, coal and nuclear power after decades of inadequate investment and maintenance.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264176003
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de la dette publique et les marchés des valeurs d'État au 21e siècle
    DDC: 336.3/435/09177
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Debt Management and Government Securities Markets in the 21st Century reviews recent trends in the structure of OECD government securities markets and public debt management operations, and highlights the generic structural policy issues in emerging debt markets. Over the years, OECD debt managers have developed best practices for raising, managing and retiring debt at the lowest possible price and acceptable risk, largely in the presence of persistent large deficits. New techniques have been developed to cope with the adverse consequences of running surpluses (pricing anomalies and lower liquidity in traditional benchmark markets). This report analyses the impact of advanced electronic systems on primary and secondary markets. In the future, sophisticated electronic auction systems will enable institutional investors to bid directly in auctions, thereby by-passing primary dealers. Electronic trading systems will inevitably reshape secondary fixed-income markets. Underlying these challenges is the growing number of OECD sovereign issuers granting greater independence to debt management operations, accompanied by an increased emphasis on risk assessment and risk management. The report also addresses the introduction of new instruments (index-linked bonds and derivatives), as well as policies related to investor relations.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264176010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Turquie 2002 ; Une aide capitale pour la reprise économique
    Keywords: Governance ; Turkey ; Türkei ; Regulierung ; Reform ; Türkei ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Türkei ; Strukturreform ; Türkei ; Energie ; Transport ; Telekommunikation
    Abstract: Among the OECD countries, Turkey figures as a comparative latecomer to regulatory reform. Yet, there is a crucial need for it. Over the last three decades, the Turkish economy has suffered from macro-economic instability and chronic inflation, with implications for both investment and growth. Governance and regulatory structures remained weak and contributed also to the 2001 economic crisis. Nonetheless, this review notes the highly encouraging efforts currently being undertaken to reform key economic sectors, the public administration and the regulatory framework. These developments appear to mark a fundamental break with the past. Important elements, such as a clear competition policy, are already in place. Fighting corruption, among other measures, is high on the policy agenda, and constitutional amendments are reshaping the relationship between citizens and the state. The "depoliticisation" of the public sector and its renewal on a merit basis is underway. Future success will depend crucially on the continuing implementation of the programme. In particular, sustained political commitment is required well beyond the recovery from the recent crisis.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264194403
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.4
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Providing appropriate financial security for retirement is an issue of crucial importance to OECD Member and non-member countries alike. The approaches adopted to implement the necessary reforms vary depending on each country’s economic, social and demographic environment. Increasingly, however, reform programmes involve the establishment or extension of private pension arrangements -- the focus of attention of the International Network of Pension Regulators and Supervisors (INPRS), a group of over 130 regulatory and supervisory authorities representing more than 60 countries. In April 2001, the INPRS and the OECD (which provides the Secretariat for the Network) brought together policy makers and experts to analyse the key policy implications arising from the growth of private pensions. This volume contains a selection of the papers presented at that meeting.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre le cerveau ; Vers une nouvelle science de l'apprentissage
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding the Brain ; Towards a New Learning Science (Spanish version)
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This book examines how new scientific developments in understanding how the brain works can help educators and educational policy makers develop new and more efficient methods for teaching and developing educational policies. This new "science of learning" is providing insights into how to improve reading and mathematical skills and highlights the significance of the distinction between nature and nurture in learning and brain development. The book focuses on the importance of developing a trans-disciplinary approach where teachers, the medical profession, and scientists work together.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264158528
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (584 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Retour sur le développement
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Achieving the economic development of poor countries remains, even in the third millennium, a formidable challenge which increasingly preoccupies OECD countries. The Organisation's Development Centre was founded in 1962 as one means to study and to try to confront the problems of comparative development and to relate them to experiences in the more advanced economies. This book provides a compendium of that experience and looks forward to future policies and strategies which might provide some solutions to the problems facing developing countries. Some reflections are also included on a remarkable institution which has evolved and been transformed better to synchronise with the OECD's overall efforts in favour of the poorer countries, regions and peoples.
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