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  • Online Resource  (222)
  • English  (221)
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  • 2000-2004  (222)
  • Environment
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  • Online Resource  (222)
  • Book  (3)
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Year
Author, Corporation
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Keywords
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environment and behavior (1969-)
    Beverly Hills, Calif. :Sage Publications, ; Vol. 1 (June 1969)- .
    Details
    ISSN: 0013-9165 (Print) , 1552-390X (Digital)
    Language: English
    Pages: online resource (volumes : , illustrations)
    Dates of Publication: Vol. 1 (June 1969)- .
    Uniform Title: Environment and behavior [digital].
    DDC: 304
    Keywords: Human ecology Periodicals. ; Human behavior. ; Ecology. ; Behavior ; Environment ; Ecology ; Écologie humaine Périodiques. ; Comportement humain. ; Écologie. ; human behavior. ; ecology. ; Human behavior ; Ecology ; Human ecology ; Fulltext. ; Internet Resources. ; Periodicals. ; Periodicals
    URL: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Stanford&SrcApp=AMR&DestApp=IC2JCR&KeyISSN=0013-9165
    URL: Access restricted to Stanford community
    URL: Access restricted to Stanford community
    URL: Access restricted to Stanford community
    URL: Scholars Portal
    URL: Access restricted to Stanford community
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    KOBV
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental Security Database (2004)
    Details
    Language: English
    DDC: 305.8
    Keywords: Environment ; Umwelt ; Environnement ; Bibliographies ; Bibliographien ; Conflicts ; Konflikte ; Archivierung und Nutzung von dokumentarischem Material ; Storage and use of documentary materials ; Politsche Anthropologie ; Politcal anthropology ; Umwelt und Natur ; Konfliktforschung ; Friedensforschung ; Bibliographische Quellen ; Fachbibliographien
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Will forest owners cooperate ? (2004)
    Details
    Language: English
    DDC: 499
    RVK:
    LB 79295
    RVK:
    LC 22295
    Keywords: Land properties ; Landbesitz ; Forest management ; Waldmanagement ; Gestion forestière ; Bulgaria ; Bulgarien ; Südosteuropa ; South East Europe ; Umwelt und Natur ; Environment ; Landbesitz, Kultivierung, Bewässerung, Pflanzen etc. ; Land tenure, cultivation, irrigation, plants etc. ; Bulgaria ; Privatbesitz ; Individuelle Publikationen ; Arbeitspapier, Preprint
    Note: Informationen zur Ressource: 1615-4568
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nature and society : anthropological perspectives (2004)
    London : Routledge
    Details
    ISBN: 9780203451069 , 0203202287 , 0203456793
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 310 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: European Association of Social Anthropologists
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nature and society
    DDC: 304.2
    RVK:
    MS 1700
    Keywords: Ethnology ; Nature Social aspects ; Human ecology ; Culture Related to ; Environment ; Konferenzschrift 1994 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Anthropologie ; Natur ; Gesellschaft
    Abstract: "The articles are revised versions of papers that were presented at the Third Conference of the European Association of Social Anthropologists in Oslo in June 1994." (Editor's preface)
    Note: Literaturangaben
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    GBV
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    WorldMinds: Geographical Perspectives on 100 Problems : Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Association of American Geographers 1904–2004 (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402023521
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 638 p. 147 illus)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Sociology ; Geography ; Environment
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2352-1
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2352-1
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    Online Resource
    HBZ
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 430: In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071124
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ; Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430: Corrosion cutanée in vitro : Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Globally Harmonised System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals defines skin corrosion as the production of irreversible tissue damage in the skin following the application of a test material. The test material (150 µL for liquids or solid with 150 µL of deionised water added on the top) is applied for up to 24 hours to the epidermal surfaces of skin discs (three skin discs are used for each test and control substance) in a two-compartment test system in which the skin discs function as the separation between the compartments. The skin discs are taken from humanely killed rats aged 28-30 days. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function, which is measured as a reduction in the TER below a threshold level (5kΩ for rat). A dye-binding step incorporated into the test procedure permits to determine if the increase in ionic permeability is due to physical destruction of the stratum corneum.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071124-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 427: Skin Absorption: In Vivo Method (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071063
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 427; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vivo
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 427: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vivo
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The in vivo percutaneous absorption study set out in this Test Guideline provides the linkage necessary to extrapolate from oral studies when making safety assessments following dermal exposure. The in vivo method, described in this guideline, allows the determination of the penetration of the test substance through the skin into the systemic compartment. The test substance, preferably radiolabelled, is applied, for a fixed period of time, to the clipped skin of animals at one or more appropriate dose levels in the form of a representative in-use preparation. The rat is the most commonly used species. At least four animals of one sex should be used for each test preparation and each scheduled termination time. A known amount of the test preparation is evenly applied to the site. This amount should normally mimic potential human exposure, typically 1-5 mg/cm² for a solid or up to 10 µl/cm² for liquids. A relevant exposure period (typically 6 or 24 hours) should be used, based on the expected human exposure duration. The animals should be observed for signs of toxicity/abnormal reactions at intervals for the entire duration of the study. This study includes: daily measurements (excreta), regular detailed observations, as well as sacrifice at the scheduled time and blood collected for analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071063-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment and Decision Making for Sustainable Transport (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113134
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluation et prise de décision pour des transports durables
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Europäische Union ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Verkehrspolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: Bringing the results of economic appraisals and environmental assessments before technical and political decision-makers in ways that are clear, concise and transparent is essential if planning and decision making procedures are to achieve a sustainable transport system. This report makes recommendations for good practice in the transport sector on the basis of reviews of recent experience in infrastructure planning and policy development in seven countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113134-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 111: Hydrolysis as a Function of pH (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 111; Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 111: Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a laboratory test method to assess abiotic hydrolytic transformations of chemicals in aquatic systems at pH values normally found in the environment (pH 4 – 9). This Guideline is designed as a tiered approach; each tier is triggered by the results of the previous tier.Sterile aqueous buffer solutions of different pH values (pH 4, 7 and 9) are treated with the non-labelled or labelled test substance (only one concentration, which should not exceed 0.01 M or half of the saturation concentration). They are incubated in the dark under controlled laboratory conditions (at constant temperatures). After appropriate time intervals, buffer solutions are analysed for the test substance and for hydrolysis products. The preliminary test should be carried out for 5 days at 50 ± 0.5°C and pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0. The second tier consists of the hydrolysis of unstable substances, and the third tier is the identification of hydrolysis products. The higher Tier tests should be conducted until 90 % hydrolysis of the test substance is observed or for 30 days whichever comes first.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069701-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 219: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Water (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 219; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau chargée-sédiment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 219: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau chargée-sédiment
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment-water systems. The test starts by placing first instar larvae into the test beakers containing the sediment-water system and subsequently spiking the test substance into the water. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour, the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence, larvae survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070288-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 222: Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070325
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 222; Essai de reproduction chez le lombric (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 222: Essai de reproduction chez le lombric (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals in soil on the reproductive output (and other sub-lethal end points) of the earthworm species Eisenia fetida or Eisenia andrei. Adult worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance either mixed into the soil or applied to the soil surface. The range of test concentrations is selected to encompass those likely to cause both sub-lethal and lethal effects over a period of eight weeks. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. This study includes the observation of unusual behaviour and morphology, the counting and weighing of the adult worms after the four primary weeks, the number of juveniles hatched at the end of the second 4-week period. The reproductive output of the worms exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070325-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detailed Review Paper on Fish Screening Assays for the Detection of Endocrine Active Substances (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.47
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of fish screening assays for chemicals active at the endocrine level on the reproductive system of test animals.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079151-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guidance Document for the Conduct of Skin Absorption Studies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078796
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.28
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This guidance document has been prepared to support technical aspects of the OECD skin absorption test guidelines. In particular is discusses the various aspects of in vivo vs. in vitro testing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078796-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 309: Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water Simulation Biodegradation Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070547
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 309; Minéralisation aérobie dans les eaux superficielles - Essai de simulation de la biodégradation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 309: Minéralisation aérobie dans les eaux superficielles Essai de simulation de la biodégradation
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this test is to measure the time course of biodegradation of a test substance at low concentration in aerobic natural water and to quantify the observations in the form of kinetic rate expressions. The test is performed in batch by “pelagic test” or “suspended sediment test” to simulate a water body with suspended solids or re-suspended sediment. The test flasks are incubated in darkness at an environmental temperature under aerobic conditions and agitation during 60 days normally. At least two different concentrations of test substance (non-volatile or slightly volatile organic) should be used. The maximum test concentration should be less than 100µg/L (biodegradation following first order kinetics) and the lowest test concentration preferably in the range of ‹1-10µg/L. Two subsamples should be withdrawn from each test flask at each sampling time. Degradation is followed at appropriate time intervals, by measuring either the residual 14C or the residual concentration of test substance. The total mineralisation and the primary biodegradation are determined by a different 14C labeling part of the molecule. Periodic measurements of pH and oxygen concentration in the test system must be conducted.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070547-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guidance Document on the Use of Multimedia Models for Estimating Overall Environmental Persistance and Long-Range Transport (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (83 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.45
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guidance Document is addressed to those who are involved in risk assessment and management of chemicals called POPs (persistent organic pollutants) or PBTs (persistent and bio-accumulating toxics). It is about using multimedia models, i.e. generic evaluative models that can calculate overall environmental persistence (Pov) and potential for long-range transport (LTRP) covering multiple compartments such as air, water, sediment and soil: what models you can use to identify and characterize POPs/PBTs, what data to use, and how to use model calculations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079137-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detailed Review Paper on Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay for the Detection of Thyroid Active Substances (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.46
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of amphibian metamorphosis with the view to use amphibian metamorphosis as a model for the detection of chemicals affecting the thyroid axis in vertebrates.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079144-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Addressing the Economics of Waste (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 628.44
    RVK:
    AR 21900
    Keywords: Environment ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Kostenmanagement ; Abfallpolitik ; Recycling ; Abfallvermeidung
    Abstract: The Workshop held by OECD in October 2003, in Paris, France, brought together leading experts to take stock of “the state of the art" on the economics of waste and to help select topics on which the OECD could usefully do additional work. The book comprises the Workshop papers by leading experts.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106192-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 117: Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water), HPLC Method (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 117; Cœfficient de partage (n-octanol/eau), méthode HPLC
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 117: Cœfficient de partage (n-octanol/eau), méthode HPLC
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the HPLC method, which permits to determine the partition coefficient (n-octanol/water) (Pow).Reverse phase HPLC is performed on analytical columns packed with a solid phase containing long hydrocarbon chains chemically bound onto silica. The chemicals are retained in the column in proportion to their hydrocarbon-water partition coefficient, with hydrophilic chemicals eluted first and lipophilic chemicals last. The HPLC method covers log Pow in the range of 0 to 6, but it can be expanded to cover the log Pow range between 6 and 10 in exceptional cases. The HPLC operation mode is isocratic. The test substance is injected in the smallest detectable quantities in the column. The retention time is determined in duplicate. The partition coefficient of the test substance is obtained by interpolation of the calculated capacity factor on the calibration graph. For very low and very high partition coefficients extrapolation is necessary.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069824-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 431: In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071148
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 431; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ;Essai sur modèle de peau humaine
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 431: Corrosion cutanée in vitro :Essai sur modèle de peau humaine
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The test described in this Test Guideline allows the identification of corrosive chemical substances and mixtures and it enables the identification of non-corrosive substances and mixtures when supported by a weight of evidence determination using other existing information. The test protocol may also provide an indication of the distinction between severe and less severe skin corrosives. This Test Guideline does not require the use of live animals or animal tissue for the assessment of skin corrosivity. The test material (solid or liquid) is applied uniformly and topically to a three-dimensional human skin model, comprising at least a reconstructed epidermis with a functional stratum corneum. Two tissue replicates are used for each treatment (exposure time), and for controls. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a decrease in cell viability below defined threshold levels at specified exposure periods. The principle of the human skin model assay is based on the hypothesis that corrosive chemicals are able to penetrate the stratum corneum by diffusion or erosion, and are cytotoxic to the underlying cell layers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071148-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 428: Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071087
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 428; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vitro
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 428: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vitro
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test method has been designed to provide information on absorption of a test substance, (ideally radiolabelled), applied to the surface of a skin sample separating the two chambers (a donor chamber and a receptor chamber) of a diffusion cell. Static and flow-through diffusion cells are both acceptable. Skin from human or animal sources can be used. Although viable skin is preferred, non-viable skin can also be used. The skin has been shown to have the capability to metabolise some chemicals during percutaneous absorption. In this case, metabolites of the test chemical may be analysed by appropriate methods. Normally more than one concentration of the test substance is used in typical formulations, spanning the realistic range of potential human exposures. The application should mimic human exposure, normally 1-5 mg/cm2 of skin for a solid and up to 10 µl/cm2 for liquids. The temperature must be constant because it affects the passive diffusion of chemicals. The absorption of a test substance during a given time period (normally 24h) is measured by analysis of the receptor fluid and the distribution of the test substance chemical in the test system and the absorption profile with time should be presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071087-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 202: Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069947
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 202; Daphnia sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 202: Daphnia sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an acute toxicity test to assess effects of chemicals towards daphnids (usually Daphnia magna Staus). Young daphnids, aged less than 24 hours at the start of the test, are exposed to the test substance at a range of concentrations (at least five concentrations) for a period of 48 hours. Immobilisation is recorded at 24 hours and 48 hours and compared with control values. The results are analysed in order to calculate the EC50 at 48h. Determination of the EC50 at 24h is optional. At least 20 animals, preferably divided into four groups of five animals each, should be used at each test concentration and for the controls. At least 2 ml of test solution should be provided for each animal (i.e. a volume of 10 ml for five daphnids per test vessel). The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. The study report should include the observation for immobilized daphnids at 24 and 48 hours after the beginning of the test and the measures of dissolved oxygen, pH, concentration of the test substance, at the beginning and end of the test.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069947-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 22
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    Online Resource
    Measuring Sustainable Development : Integrated Economic, Environmental and Social Frameworks (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.)
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: The papers in this conference proceedings address the various conceptual, measurement and statistical policy issues that arise when applying accounting frameworks to the concept of sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020139-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 23
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    Test No. 218: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Sediment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070264
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment - water systems. The test substance is spiked into the sediment and first instar larvae are subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence or larval survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070264-en
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    Test No. 432: In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432; Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432: Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to evaluate photo-cytotoxicity by the relative reduction in viability of cells exposed to the chemical in the presence versus absence of light. Balb/c 3T3 cells are maintained in culture for 24 h for formation of monolayers. Two 96-well plates are pre-incubated with eight different concentrations of the test substance for 1 h. Thereafter one of the two plates is exposed to the highest non-cytotoxic irradiation dose whereas the other plate is kept in the dark. Cytotoxicity in this test is expressed as a concentration-dependent reduction of the uptake of the Vital dye Neutral Red (NR) when measured 24 hours after treatment with the test chemical and irradiation. NR penetrates cell membranes by non-diffusion, accumulating in lysosomes. Alterations of the cell surface of the sensitive lysosomal membrane lead to lysosomal fragility and other changes that gradually become irreversible. Such changes result in a decreased uptake and binding of NR. It is thus possible to distinguish between viable, damaged or dead cells. To predict the phototoxic potential, the concentration responses obtained in the presence and in the absence of irradiation are compared, usually at the IC50 level, i.e., the concentration reducing cell viability to 50 % compared to the untreated controls. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071162-en
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  • 25
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    Energy to 2050: Scenarios for a Sustainable Future (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Energieweltwirtschaft ; Umwelt ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Zukunft ; Szenario
    Abstract: Analysing the interaction between energy and climate change mitigation issues requires the adoption of a long-term perspective – looking up to fifty years ahead. This volume examines ‘exploratory scenarios’ and ‘normative scenarios’. These long-term scenarios complement the IEA’s World Energy Outlook, which presents a mid-term business-as-usual scenario with some variants. The analysis in this volume seeks to stimulate new thinking in this critical domain.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019058-en
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  • 26
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    The Dairy Sector (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015906
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Series Statement: Agriculture, Trade and the Environment
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur laitier
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Milchwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Agrarhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Treibhauseffekt
    Abstract: This OECD study takes an in-depth look at the dairy sector in OECD countries in order to see how agricultural subsidies and environmental policies are impacting the environment and international competitiveness of dairy products.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015906-en
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  • 27
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    Test No. 312: Leaching in Soil Columns (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070561
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 312; Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 312: Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described in this Test Guideline is based on soil column chromatography in disturbed soil. Two types of experiments are performed to determine (i) the leaching potential of the test substance, and (ii) the leaching potential of transformation products in soils under controlled laboratory conditions. At least duplicate leaching columns are packed with untreated, air-dried and sieved soil (〈 2 mm) up to a height of approximately 30 cm. Afterwards they are saturated and equilibrated with an “artificial rain” solution and allowed to drain. Then the surface of each soil column is treated with the test substance (non-volatile in water and soil) and/or with aged residues of the test substance. Artificial rain is applied to the soil columns and the leachate is collected. After the leaching process the soil is removed from the columns and is sectioned into an appropriate number of segments depending on the information required from the study. A reference substance (atrazine or monuron) should be used in the leaching experiments. For each soil segment and leachate fraction, the amounts of test substance, transformation products, non-extractables and, if included, of the reference substance should be given in % of applied initial dose.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070561-en
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  • 28
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    Establishment and Control of Archives that Operate in Compliance with the Principles of GLP (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Établissement et contrôle d'archives fonctionnant en accord avec les Principes de BPL
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Établissement et contrôle d'archives fonctionnant en accord avec les Principes de BPL
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is intended for use by test facilities that are required to operate in compliance with the Principles of GLP, for organisations that supply support, e.g. contract archives, contract quality assurance units or IT services and for sponsors, GLP compliance monitoring authorities and receiving authorities. Organisations should ensure that they evaluate applicable regulatory requirements against their business needs. Certain aspects of archive construction and operation may have implications for compliance with building regulations or legislation regarding public health and safety. Guidance on these aspects is outside the scope of this document. Test facilities and other organisations, engaged in archiving GLP records and material, might benefit from the use of recognised archiving management standards including those concerning metadata.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084995-en
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  • 29
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Spain 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Espagne 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales; España 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Espagne 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales: España 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Spain
    Abstract: This review of Spain’s environmental performance takes stock of Spain’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1997. It finds that despite substantial increases in GDP, tourism, construction, population density in coastal areas, and road freight transport, progress has been made in decoupling some environmental pressures from economic growth and in developing environmental infrastructure. Nevertheless, Spain faces important challenges related to high energy intensity, high water use intensity, and increasing CO2 emissions and municipal waste. This report makes 46 recommendations to help strengthen Spain’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108639-en
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  • 30
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    The Application of the Principles of GLP to in vitro Studies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des Principes de BPL aux études in vitro
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this document is to facilitate the proper application and interpretation of the GLP Principles for the organisation and management of in vitro studies, and to provide guidance for the appropriate application of the GLP Principles to in vitro studies, both for test facilities (management, QA, study director and personnel), and for national GLP compliance monitoring authorities. This Advisory Document intends to provide such additional interpretation of the Principles and guidance for their application to in vitro studies carried out for regulatory purposes. It is organised in such a way as to provide easy reference to the GLP Principles by following the sequence of the different parts of these GLP Principles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084971-en
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  • 31
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    Detailed Review Document on Classification in OECD Member Countries of Substances and Mixtures which in contact with water release toxic gases (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.41
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This review documents examines member country classification of substances and mixtures which in contact with water release toxic gases.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079106-en
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  • 32
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Sweden 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Suède 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Suède 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Sweden
    Abstract: This review of Sweden’s environmental performance takes stock of Sweden’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1996. It finds that Sweden has benefited from solid institutional and regulatory frameworks, extensive use of economic instruments, and significant planning and legislative reform. To meet its Environmental Quality Objectives, Sweden will need to implement more efficient environmental policies, further integrate environmental concerns with other policy, and further strengthen international environmental cooperation. The report makes 44 recommendations to help strengthen Sweden’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108592-en
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  • 33
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    Test No. 220: Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070301
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 220; Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 220: Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproductive output of the enchytraeid worm, Enchytraeus albidus Henle 1873, in soil. Adult enchytraeid worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance mixed into an artificial soil. Ten worms are randomly allocated to each test vessel. A range-finding test should be used, for two weeks, in case of no sufficient information. The duration of the definitive test is six weeks. At the end the total number of juveniles produced by parent animal and the survival of parent animals are assessed. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. The study report should include the adult morphological changes, the number of offspring. The reproductive output of the animals exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070301-en
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  • 34
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    Detailed Review Document on Classification in OECD Member Countries of Substances and Mixtures which cause Respiratory Tract Irritation and Corrosion (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.40
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This detailed review documents examines member country classification of substances and mixtures which cause respiratorytract irritation and corrosion.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079090-en
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  • 35
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    Guidance Document on Reporting Summary Information on Environmental, Occupational and Consumer Exposure (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.42
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document contains guidance for using the summary exposure information reporting formats, which were developed by the OECD Ad Hoc Group on Reporting Summary Exposure Information. The objective of the work of this Ad Hoc Group is to develop flexible formats and guidance for the reporting of summary exposure information (quantitative and qualitative), which can be used in various chemical assessment programs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079113-en
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  • 36
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    Detailed Background Review of the Uterotrophic Bioassay (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078857
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (217 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.38
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This detailed background review paper provides a summary of the relevant literature (up to September 2001) relevant to the standardisation and validation of the rodent uterotrophic bioassay. The rodent uterotrophic bioassay is being validated as part of the OECD Test Guidelines Programme. The rodent uterotrophic bioassay is based on the principle that the uterus is under the control of oestrogens to stimulate and maintain growth. If endogenous sources of this hormone are not available, the animal will require an exogenous source to initiate and/or restore uterine growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078857-en
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  • 37
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Canada 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107786
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Canada 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Canada 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Canada
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive 2004 report on Canada's environmental policies and programmes systematically examines policy related to air, water, and nature/biodiversity as well as the interface between environmental policy and economic policy, social policy, and specific sectors. It finds that while Canada has made satisfactory progress since 1985, there are still significant challenges, and the report makes specific recommendations for more use of economic instruments and use of the polluter and user pays principles, rationalising water governance, strengthening nature protection, reducing energy intensity, implementing climate change policies, reviewing environmentally related taxes, and implementing marine and aid commitments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107786-en
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  • 38
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    Descriptions of Selected Key Generic Terms used in Chemical Hazard/Risk Assessment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079120
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.44
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This paper presents internationally harmonised generic and technical terms used in chemical hazard/risk assessment which will help facilitate the mutual use and acceptance of the assessment of chemicals between countries, saving resources for both governments and industry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079120-en
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  • 39
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    OECD Environmental Strategy : 2004 Review of Progress (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégie de l'environnement de l'OCDE ; Bilan en 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégie de l'environnement de l'OCDE : Bilan en 2004
    DDC: 333.72
    RVK:
    AR 28300
    Keywords: Economic development Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Environmental policy OECD countries ; Natural resources OECD countries ; Management ; Quality of life OECD countries ; Environment ; OECD ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: OECD Environment Ministers agreed in 2001, on an ambitious Environmental Strategy for the first decade of the 21st century. The strategy sets out clear directions for environmentally sustainable policies and includes these key objectives: maintaining the integrity of ecosystems through the efficient management of natural resources; decoupling environmental pressures from economic growth; improving information for decision-making; measuring progress through indicators; the social and environmental interface; enhancing the quality of life; global environmental interdependence; improving governance and co-operation. In addition to highlighting the challenges and obstacles that remain if countries are to achieve the objectives by the planned date of 2010, this report assesses the progress that OECD countries have made, as well as in applying the 71 national actions they agreed on, as part of the Environmental Strategy. The book is for policy makers and environmental economists.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107823-en
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  • 40
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    The Benefits of Climate Change Policies : Analytical and Framework Issues (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108325
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (323 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation Economic aspects ; Environment ; Klimaänderung ; Auswirkung ; Bewertung ; Umweltschutz ; Externer Effekt ; Sozialer Ertrag ; Wohlfahrtseffekt ; Nutzen ; Quantifizierung
    Abstract: The Benefits of Climate Change Policies provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in assessment of the global benefits of climate change policies. It includes recent analyses and viewpoints from well-known scientists and policy analysts, including John Callaway (UNEP Risoe Centre), Henry Jacoby (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Sam Hitz and Joel Smith (Stratus Consulting), Roger Jones (CSIRO, Australia), Michele Pittini and Mujaba Rahman (UK government), John Schellnhuber (and other co-authors from Tyndall Centre, UK), Stephen Schneider (Stanford University), and Tom Wigley (NCAR).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108325-en
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  • 41
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    Fish Piracy : Combating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This book gathers the proceedings of an OECD Workshop that took place in April 2004 in Paris, on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing -- a worldwide problem which is increasing in scale. The aim of the workshop was to better understand the social and economic factors that drive IUU fishing in order to identify more effective methods to combat this evil and propose new ways to deal with it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016804-en
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  • 42
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    Environmental Change and its Implications for Population Migration (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402028779
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 316 p)
    Series Statement: Advances in Global Change Research 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    RVK:
    AR 14900
    RVK:
    RB 10438
    RVK:
    RB 10594
    Keywords: Social Sciences ; Human Geography ; Environment, general ; Climate Change ; Environmental Management ; Geography, general ; Demography ; Social sciences ; Geography ; Environment ; Climate change ; Environmental management ; Demography ; Human geography ; Migration ; Umweltveränderung ; Konferenzschrift ; Umweltveränderung ; Migration
    Abstract: Environmental change in general, and climatic change in particular, are likely to impact significantly upon resources such as water and soils, transforming present day landscapes and their ecological characteristics. As a consequence, disruptions of socio-economic activities in sensitive regions of the globe can be expected in coming decades. Agriculture is at particular risk, especially in areas where prolonged droughts, sea level rise, enhanced natural hazards, or extreme meteorological events such as floods or mudslides threaten marginal existence. Disruptions and risks may have large effects on population migration. Conversely, large-scale movements of people, goods or capital may also disrupt local environments and further contribute to social problems. This volume provides an ample overview of state-of-the-art understanding of the multi-dimensional phenomenon of migration, in the characterisation of migration drivers, in environmental and agro-economic case studies and modelling issues as well as socio-political analyses
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2877-9
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    Writing Performances: The Stages of Dorothy L. Sayers (2004)
    New York : Palgrave Macmillan US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781137122612
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 199 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Literature ; Theater ; Performing arts ; Literature, Modern 20th century ; America Literatures ; Environment
    Abstract: After Dorothy L. Sayers became famous for her fictional sleuth, Lord Peter Wimsey, she began investigating the mysteries of Anglo-Catholic Christianity, writing plays for both stage and radio. However, because her modernist contemporaries disdained both best-sellers and religious fiction, Sayers has been largely overlooked by the academy. Writing Performances is the first work to position Sayers' diverse writings within the critical climate of high modernism. Employing exuberant illustrations from Sayers' detective fiction to make theoretical issues accessible, the book employs insights from performance theory to argue that Sayers, though a popularizer, presciently anticipated the postmodern ironizing of Enlightenment rationality and scientific objectivity
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-137-12261-2
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  • 44
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    Biomass and Agriculture : Sustainability, Markets and Policies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (568 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 630
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: These are the proceedings of the OECD Workshop on Biomass and Agriculture held in June 2003. The Workshop covered two broad themes: the contribution of agricultural biomass to sustainability; and the policy approaches for developing agricultural biomass. The book proposes a wealth of material relating to agricultural biomass, bio energy and biomaterials in OECD countries. It is hoped that this will contribute to the current and future debate on agricultural biomass, particularly in the context of agricultural policy reform and the advancement of policies for sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105546-en
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    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 45
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    Handbook of Market Creation for Biodiversity : Issues in Implementation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018624
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel pour la création de marchés de la biodiversité ; Principaux enjeux
    DDC: 333.95/16
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Striking the right balance between the conservation/sustainable use and the loss of biodiversity requires accounting for all the impacts of its destruction. Weighing the loss against any potential benefits will ensure that the social, as well as economic, well-being of everyone are at the best levels possible. Market-based economic systems have the potential to ensure that such a balancing occurs, but require that all the impacts of its loss, or use, have been fully internalised into market transactions. This book shows how public policy in the form of market creation can be used to internalise the loss of biodiversity. It promotes the use of markets to ensure that our collective preferences for conservation and sustainable use are reflected in economic outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018624-en
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  • 46
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    Tradeable Permits : Policy Evaluation, Design and Reform (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 363.738/746/09177
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The search for cost-effective environmental policy measures has led to an increase in the use of tradeable permit systems. This publication offers valuable lessons for applying tradeable permits and provides links between policy evaluation and policy making general. It is for government officials responsible for the implementation and reform of tradeable permit systems, researchers concerned with their analysis and evaluation, and other stakeholders interested in the more general issues associated with environmental policy design and evaluation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015036-en
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  • 47
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    Economic Aspects of Extended Producer Responsibility (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105270
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Aspects of Extended Producer Responsibility; (Chinese version)
    DDC: 650.107
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), a policy approach in which the responsibility of the waste from a consumer good is extended back up to the producer of the good, is developing and expanding in OECD countries. Governments find that these schemes can provide a new and flexible approach to reduce the upward trend of waste from consumer products. To address these issues, OECD organised a workshop in December 2002, which was hosted by the Japanese Ministry of Environment, in Tokyo. This book contains selected papers presented at this workshop.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105270-en
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  • 48
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    Communicating Environmentally Sustainable Transport : The Role of Soft Measures (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 388
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Progress towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) will require widespread acceptance of this need and a mix of measures designed to achieve the necessary changes to overcome these barriers. Some of the measures will be hard measures, which include taxes, emission standards, speed limits, and other fiscal and regulatory instruments. Others will be soft, such as the provision of information and the use of communication strategies and educational techniques. The book examines the measures needed.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106642-en
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  • 49
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    Can Cars Come Clean? : Strategies for Low-Emission Vehicles (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Voitures propres ; stratégies pour des véhicules peu polluants
    DDC: 629.2528
    RVK:
    AR 23480
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report identifies policy options and makes recommendations on market-oriented actions to promote the purchase of the most environmentally friendly vehicles. It assesses the impact of a wider use of low-emission vehicles, drawing on experience to date, research results and the responses to a survey from 18 OECD countries. The main section – Policy Options – presents in non-technical language, the current and expected performance of conventional and innovative technologies. It is for policy makers worldwide, economists and the casual reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104976-en
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  • 50
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    Oil Crises and Climate Challenges: 30 Years of Energy Use in IEA Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018839
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.7913
    RVK:
    AR 28100
    RVK:
    AR 26300
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Electronic books ; Energieverbrauch ; Umweltschutz
    Abstract: This publication examines how energy efficiency and other factors such as economic structure, income, lifestyle, prices, and fuel mix have shaped developments of energy use and CO2 emissions in IEA countries since the IEA was founded 30 years ago. The study presents some challenging findings, e.g. that the rate of energy savings in IEA economies has slowed since 1990. It provides a rich set of data and insights that help to increase the understanding of how energy efficiency and lower-carbon fuels can be used to achieve a more sustainable future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018839-en
    URL: Volltext
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    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Volltext
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  • 51
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    Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading and Project-based Mechanisms (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.791505
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The papers in this book cover the experience of developing and transition countries with greenhouse gas emissions trading and project-based mechanisms and examine the use of tradeable permits in policy mixes and harmonisation of emissions trading schemes, as well as transition issues relating to greenhouse gas emissions trading markets. This book presents a selection of papers presented in Paris, France, in March 2003, at the OECD Global Forum on Sustainable Development: Emissions Trading. The Forum was co-sponsored by the Concerted Action on Tradeable Emissions Permits (CATEP).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105775-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Inhaltstext
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 52
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    The Poverty/Environment Nexus in Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dasgupta, Susmita The Poverty/Environment Nexus in Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental Degradation ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Living Conditions ; Ministry of Health ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Pollution ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Environment ; Environmental Degradation ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Living Conditions ; Ministry of Health ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Pollution ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Environment ; Environmental Degradation ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Living Conditions ; Ministry of Health ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Pollution ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Environmental degradation can inflict serious damage on poor people because their livelihoods often depend on natural resource use and their living conditions may offer little protection from air, water, and soil pollution. At the same time, poverty-constrained options may induce the poor to deplete resources and degrade the environment at rates that are incompatible with long-term sustainability. In such cases, degraded resources may precipitate a downward spiral, by further reducing the income and livelihoods of the poor. This "poverty/environment nexus" has become a major issue in the recent literature on sustainable development. In regions where the nexus is significant, jointly addressing problems of poverty and environmental degradation may be more cost-effective than addressing them separately. Empirical evidence on the prevalence and importance of the poverty/environment nexus is sparse because the requisite data are often difficult to obtain in developing countries. The authors use newly available spatial and survey data to investigate the spatial dimension of the nexus in Cambodia, and Lao People's Democratic Republic. The data enable the authors to quantify several environmental problems at the district and provincial level. In a parallel exercise, they map the provincial distribution of poor households. Merging the geographic information on poverty and the environment, the authors search for the nexus using geo-referenced indicator maps and statistical analysis. The results suggest that the nexus is country-specific: geographical, historical, and institutional factors may all play important roles in determining the relative importance of poverty and environment links in different contexts. Joint implementation of poverty and environment strategies may be cost-effective for some environmental problems, but independent implementation may be preferable in many cases as well. Since the search has not revealed a common nexus, the authors conclude on a cautionary note. The evidence suggests that the nexus concept can provide a useful catalyst for country-specific work, but not a general formula for program design. This paper—a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to understand poverty/environment links in different contexts
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  • 53
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    Land Allocation in Vietnam's Agrarian Transition (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Land Allocation in Vietnam's Agrarian Transition
    Keywords: Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing ; Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing ; Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing
    Abstract: While liberalizing key factor markets is a crucial step in the transition from a socialist control-economy to a market economy, the process can be stalled by imperfect information, high transaction costs, and covert resistance from entrenched interests. Ravallion and van de Walle study land-market adjustment in the wake of Vietnam's reforms aiming to establish a free market in land-use rights following de-collectivization. Inefficiencies in the initial administrative allocation are measured against an explicit counterfactual market solution. The authors' tests using a farm-household panel data set spanning the reforms suggest that land allocation responded positively but slowly to the inefficiencies of the administrative allocation. They find no sign that the transition favored the land rich or that it was thwarted by the continuing power over land held by local officials. This paper—a joint product of the Poverty Team and the Public Services Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the welfare impacts of major policy reforms
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  • 54
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    Improving Water Management : Recent OECD Experience (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099500
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la gestion de l'eau ; L'expérience récente de l'OCDE
    DDC: 333.91
    Keywords: Environment ; Development ; Trinkwasserversorgung ; Versorgungswirtschaft
    Abstract: This report brings together the recent work done by OECD on water management issues and identifies the main policy challenges for sustainable water management. Issues discussed are: performance of water management policies in OECD countries; water pricing; financing of water and wastewater infrastructure; water-related development co-operation; social aspects of water pricing; biochemical technologies for improving water quality; and aid to the water supply and sanitation sector. Co-published by IWA Publishing, London: www.iwapublishing.com
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099500-en
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  • 55
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    Quality Assurance and GLP (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078598
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurance qualité et BPL
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Assurance qualité et BPL
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document defines quality assurance programmes required to meet Good Laboratory Practice princples.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078598-en
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  • 56
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    Revised Guides for Compliance Monitoring Procedures for Good Laboratory Practice (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078550
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guides révisés pour les systèmes de vérification de respect des bonnes pratiques de laboratoire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Guides révisés pour les systèmes de vérification de respect des bonnes pratiques de laboratoire
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides detailed practical guidance to OECD Member countries on the structure, mechanisms and procedures they should adopt when establishing national Good Laboratory Practice compliance monitoring programmes so that these programmes may be internationally acceptable.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078550-en
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  • 57
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    Revised Guidance for the Conduct of Laboratory Inspections and Study Audits (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directives révisées pour la conduite d'inspections de laboratoires et de vérifications d'études
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Directives révisées pour la conduite d'inspections de laboratoires et de vérifications d'études
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides guidance for the conduct of laboratory inspections and study audit under the Principles of Good Laboratory Practice.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078581-en
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  • 58
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    Requesting and Carrying out Inspections and Study Audits in another country (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078758
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recommandations concernant la demande et la réalisation d'inspections et de vérifications d'études dans un autre pays
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Recommandations concernant la demande et la réalisation d'inspections et de vérifications d'études dans un autre pays
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document sets out recommended procedures to use when requesting and carrying out inspections and study audits in another country under the Principles of Good Lab Practice and Compliance Monitoring.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078758-en
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  • 59
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    The Application of the Principles of GLP to Computerised Systems (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des principes de BPL aux systèmes informatiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Application des principes de BPL aux systèmes informatiques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document specifies the application of the Principles of Good Lab Practice regarding the use of computerised systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078710-en
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  • 60
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Mexico 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Mexique 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluacion del Desempeño Ambiental; Mexico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Mexique 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluacion del Desempeño Ambiental: Mexico
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: This 2003 edition of OECD's periodic review of Mexico's environmental policies and programmes examines its progress in air, water, waste and biodiversity management; sustainable development; the environmental-economic and environmental-social interfaces; and international commitments. It presents a series of recommendations for dealing with key environmental issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105010-en
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  • 61
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    Emerging Risks in the 21st Century : An Agenda for Action (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101227
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les risques émergents au XXIe siècle ; Vers un programme d'action
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les risques émergents au XXIe siècle : Vers un programme d'action
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: The 21st Century has so far witnessed a host of large-scale disasters in various parts of the world including: windstorms, flooding, new diseases infesting both humans and animals, terrorist attacks and major disruptions to critical infrastructures. It is not just the nature of major risks that seems to be changing, but also the context in which risks are evolving as well as society’s capacity to manage them. This book explores the implications of these developments for economy and society in the 21st century, focussing in particular on the potentially significant increase in the vulnerability of major systems. It concentrates on five large risk clusters: natural disasters, technological accidents, infectious diseases, food safety and terrorism, identifies the challenges facing OECD countries and sets out recommendations for governments and the private sector as to how the management of emerging systemic risks might be improved.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101227-en
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  • 62
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    OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response: (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This second comprehensive edition of these Principles is to help public authorities, industry and communities worldwide anticipate accidents involving hazardous substances resulting from technological and natural disasters, as well as sabotage. It addresses the following issues: preventing the occurrence of chemical accidents and near-misses; preparing for accidents through emergency planning, public communication, etc.; responding to accidents and minimising their adverse effects; and following-up to accidents, regarding clean-up, reporting and investigation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101821-en
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  • 63
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Italy 2002 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199163
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Italie 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OCSE Rapporti Sulle Performance Ambientali; Italia 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Italie 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OCSE Rapporti Sulle Performance Ambientali: Italia 2002
    Keywords: Environment ; Italy
    Abstract: This review of Italy's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199163-en
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  • 64
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    The Application of the OECD Principles of GLP to the Organisation and Management of Multi-site Studies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078772
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des principes de BPL de l'OCDE à l'organisation et la conduite des études multi-site
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Application des principes de BPL de l'OCDE à l'organisation et la conduite des études multi-site
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides guidance on the issues that are involved in the planning, performance, monitoring, recording, reporting and archiving of multi-site non-clinical health and environmental safety studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078772-en
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  • 65
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    Agriculture and Biodiversity : Developing Indicators for Policy Analysis (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    ZA 54000
    RVK:
    ZB 60400
    RVK:
    WI 2200
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Landwirtschaft ; Biodiversität ; Artenreichtum ; Indikator ; Landwirtschaft ; Biodiversität ; Indikator ; Agrarökologie
    Abstract: This book is a collection of papers from the OECD meeting on Agri-biodiversity Indicators held jointly with the EU and international organisations in November 2001, in Zurich-Rechkenhols, Switzerland. A key outcome was to establish a common agri-biodiversity framework that helps understand the complexity of agri-biodiversity linkages. Papers cover the following topics; agricultural genetic resources, wild species, ecosytems, linking habitats to species and an overview of agri-biodiversity indicators. It includes a set of recommendations to OECD with respect to agri-biodiversity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199217-en
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  • 66
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    Compliance of Laboratory Suppliers with GLP Principles (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Respect des principes de BPL par les fournisseurs d'équipements de laboratoire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Respect des principes de BPL par les fournisseurs d'équipements de laboratoire
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document offers advice to both test facility management and suppliers as to how they might meet GLP requirements through national accreditation schemes and/or working to formal national or international standards, or by adopting other measures which may be appropriate to a particular product.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078611-en
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  • 67
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    Guidance for the Preparation of GLP Inspection Reports (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078697
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directives pour la préparation de rapports d'inspection en matière de BPL
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Directives pour la préparation de rapports d'inspection en matière de BPL
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document suggests elements and/or concepts that can contribute to a useful report of a Good Laboratory Practice inspection and study audit. It may be used by Member countries as a component of their compliance monitoring programme.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078697-en
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    The Role and Responsibilities of the Study Director in GLP Studies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire et vérification du respect de ces principes
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document defines the roles and responsibilities of the Study Director in Good Laboratory Practice studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078673-en
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  • 69
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Austria 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Autriche 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Autriche 2003
    Keywords: Environment ; Austria
    Abstract: This review of Austria's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018891-en
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  • 70
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    The Application of the GLP Principles to Field Studies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des principes de BPL aux études sur le terrain
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document specifies the application of the Good Laboratory Practice principles to field studies, interpreting such concepts as study, test site, study director, management responsibilities, quality assurance, etc. for application in this specific context.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078635-en
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  • 71
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    Organic Agriculture : Sustainability, Markets and Policies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 631.584
    RVK:
    ZA 55300
    RVK:
    ZB 61000
    RVK:
    ZB 85000
    Keywords: Organic farming Economic aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Organic farming Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Organic farming OECD countries ; Congresses ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Biologische Landwirtschaft ; Umweltfaktor ; Wirtschaftlichkeit ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The economic performance of organic farms is mixed, with considerable variation in the yields achieved and the premiums received for products within and across OECD countries. This publication reveals that organic agriculture is disadvantaged by current agricultural support policies, and the proliferation of standards and labels has sometimes confused consumers and impeded trade. A key policy challenge is to ensure that both the positive and negative externalities of different agricultural production systems are taken into account.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101517-en
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  • 72
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    The Application of the GLP Principles to Short Term Studies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078659
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des principes de BPL aux études à court terme
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Application des principes de BPL aux études à court terme
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document cites the appropriate OECD Principles of GLP and gives guidance on their interpretation in relation to short-term studies in a series of notes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078659-en
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  • 73
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    Radiological Protection of the Environment : Summary Report of the Issues (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Protection radiologique de l'environnement ; Rapport de synthèse des questions-clés
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Protection radiologique de l'environnement : Rapport de synthèse des questions-clés
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The system of radiological protection is currently being revised in order to make it simpler, clearer and more responsive to stakeholder needs. During this evolution process, particular attention is being given to the development of an explicit system for the radiological protection of the environment. It was in this context that the NEA organised, in close collaboration with the International Commission on Radiological Protection, a forum on radiological protection of the environment. This report summarises the key issues discussed at the forum. They include sustainable development, identification of what to protect, the definition of detriment, the necessary level of regulation, an integrated approach to protection, the use of similar approaches for humans and the environment, practical foundations for a system of environmental protection, and consequences in terms of training.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103436-en
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  • 74
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Poland 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100961
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Pologne 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Pologne 2003
    Keywords: Environment ; Poland
    Abstract: This review of Poland's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100961-en
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  • 75
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    Nuclear Energy Today (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103306
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'énergie nucléaire aujourd'hui
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Kernenergie heute
    DDC: 621.48
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Meeting the growing demand for energy, and electricity in particular, while addressing the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions and to ensure security of energy supply, is one of the most difficult challenges facing the world’s economies. No single technology can respond to this challenge, and the solution which policy makers are seeking lies in the diversification of energy sources. Although nuclear energy currently provides over 20% of electricity in the OECD area and does not emit any carbon dioxide during production, it continues to be seen by many as a controversial technology. Public concern remains over its safety and the management of radioactive waste, and financing such a capital-intensive technology is a complex issue. The role that nuclear power will play in the future depends on the answers to these questions, several of which are provided in this up-to-date review of the status of nuclear energy, as well as on the outcome of research and development on the nuclear fuel cycle and reactor technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103306-en
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  • 76
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    The Role and Responsibility of the Sponsor in the Application of the Principles of GLP (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078734
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le rôle et les responsabilités du donneur d'ordre lors de l'application des principes de BPL
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Le rôle et les responsabilités du donneur d'ordre lors de l'application des principes de BPL
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document defines the role and responsibility of the sponsor in the application of the Principles of Good Laboratory Practice.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078734-en
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  • 77
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    OECD Principles on Good Laboratory Practice (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078536
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les Principes de L'OCDE de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Les Principes de L'OCDE de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides the full text of the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice as revised in 1997. The Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) have been developed to promote the quality and validity of test data used for determining the safety of chemicals and chemicals products. It is a managerial concept covering the organisational process and the conditions under which laboratory studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded and reported. Its principles are required to be followed by test facilities carrying out studies to be submitted to national authorities for the purposes of assessment of chemicals and other uses relating to the protection of man and the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078536-en
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    The Pig Sector (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (185 p.)
    Series Statement: Agriculture, Trade and the Environment
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur porcin
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Agrarpolitik ; Schweinezucht ; Umweltbelastung ; Biodiversität ; Schweinefleischproduktion ; Schweinefleischmarkt ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: This study takes an in-depth look at the pig sector in OECD countries and draws some conclusions about the most appropriate forms of policy intervention. It argues that liberalising trade is likely to generate some environmental benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104174-en
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  • 79
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    The Environmental Performance of Public Procurement : Issues of Policy Coherence (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La performance environnementale des marchés publics ; Vers des politiques cohérentes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La performance environnementale des marchés publics : Vers des politiques cohérentes
    Keywords: Environmental policy OECD countries ; Congresses ; Government purchasing Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Green products OECD countries ; Congresses ; Environment ; Governance ; Öffentliche Beschaffung ; Umweltschutz
    Abstract: In recent years, a significant number of OECD member countries have introduced initiatives to reduce the environmentally damaging effects of public procurement. Many countries have introduced "greener public purchasing" (GPP) policies in order to increase the recycled content of products or achieve specified levels of energy efficiency in capital equipment. This book examines these issues in detail. It is the outcome of a Workshop on "Greener Public Purchasing", held at the Austrian Ministry of the Environment in Vienna in October 2001.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101562-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews 2003 : Water: Performance and Challenges in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (75 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This report draws on the water management chapters of 42 country reviews carried out to date to identify common achievements and remaining challenges for OECD countries in terms of further reducing the pollution burden and protecting human health and aquatic ecosystems. Conclusions are drawn relating to: i) better integrating water and other policies for sustainable development; ii) getting water prices right; and iii) new challenges for water-related public health.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101333-en
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  • 81
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    English-Russian Glossary of Terms used in Environmental Enforcement and Compliance Promotion (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032385
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This glossary integrates a wealth of policy, legal, management and technical terms that were selected according to one key criterion: each of them had to be used in environmental compliance promotion and enforcement or have significance for this field. The glossary is designed to assist in achieving a shared vision of strengthening compliance assurance efforts. It is for policy and law makers, inspectors, government officials, NGOs and academics, consultants, etc. - all those engaged with enforcement and compliance promotion activities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032385-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Netherlands 2003 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101005
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Pays-Bas 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Pays-Bas 2003
    Keywords: Environment ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This review of the Netherland's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101005-en
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  • 83
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    OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators : A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité ; Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators; A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité : Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators: A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators provides a systemic approach to measuring the success of stakeholders' chemical safety programmes by detailing targets, activity indicators and outcome indicators. It also provides flexibility for groups to design programmes to assess their own performance related to the prevention of, preparedness for, and response to chemical accidents. The SPI (Safety Performance Indicators) serves as a guide to help industry, authorities and communities measure the extent to which actions help improve chemical safety.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019119-en
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    Delivering the Goods : 21st Century Challenges to Urban Goods Transport (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102828
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport urbain de marchandises ; Les défis du XXIe siècle
    DDC: 388.4132409177
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Relatively little has been done by governments to facilitate the essential flows of goods in urban areas and to reduce the adverse impacts of urban goods transport on the communities served. This has resulted in increasing problems associated with goods delivery including competition with passenger transport for access to road infrastructure and space for parking/delivery facilities. How should OECD countries deal with the challenges they face in this area? This report analyses measures taken in many cities and provides recommendations for dealing with these challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264102828-en
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  • 85
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    Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants : Policies, Strategies and Costs (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Démantèlement des centrales nucléaires ; Politiques, stratégies et coûts
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The decommissioning of nuclear power plants is a topic of increasing interest to governments and the industry as many nuclear units approach retirement. This report, based upon data provided by 26 countries and analysed by government and industry experts, covers a variety of reactor types and sizes. The findings on decommissioning cost elements and driving factors in their variance will be of interest to analysts and policy makers in the nuclear energy field.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104334-en
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    Environmental Risks and Insurance : A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Insurance in the Management of Environment-Related Risks (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105522
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurance et risques environnementaux; Une analyse comparative du rôle de l'assurance dans la gestion des risques liés à l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Riesgos Ambientales y Seguros ; Un análisis comparativo del papel de los seguros en la gestión de riesgos relacionados con el medio ambiente
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: From the increasing incidence of environmental pollution and soil contamination, to recurring natural disasters, the risks posed by the constant interaction between human activities and the environment are diverse, manifold and often catastrophic in their consequences. Therefore, the elaboration of effective risk-management plans, aimed at formulating viable response strategies, requires the contribution of all the economic actors involved: private parties, financial institutions, governments and international organizations. This report focuses on the role of insurance and reinsurance companies in the management of environmental risks - environmental pollution risk and natural catastrophe risk in particular. It discusses the issue of insurability of such risks, analyses the increasing risk of liability for environmental pollution and the underlying trends in the development of environmental liability regimes in OECD countries. It also presents an overview of the various environmental pollution insurance products and techniques developed in response to legal and factual evolutions. In addition, it describes the special features of natural catastrophe risks, the role of traditional insurance markets in the coverage of such perils, and alternative options of coverage, from governmental disaster schemes to new financial market instruments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105522-en
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    Tapping the Market : The Challenge of Institutional Reform in the Urban Water Sector (2003)
    London : Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9781403990129
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 210 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Role of Government in Adjusting Economies
    Series Statement: The Role of Government in Adjusting Economies
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Palgrave Economics & Finance Collection
    Series Statement: Springer ebook collection / Palgrave Economics and Finance Collection 2000 - 2013
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    RVK:
    QR 600
    RVK:
    RB 10363
    Keywords: Environment ; Water utilities ; Municipal corporations ; Water-supply ; Public policy ; Hydrogeology ; Water pollution ; Environmental policy ; Development economics ; Economic development ; Pollution. ; Geology. ; Political planning. ; Entwicklungsländer ; Stadt ; Wasserversorgung
    Abstract: This book examines the challenge of reform of the urban water supply sector in developing countries, based on case studies of state-owned water companies in Ghana, India, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe. The growing public private partnership for urban water supply is analyzed, focussing on the concession contract model. The implications for meeting the water needs of the urban poor, for the regulatory role of the state and for state capacity building are also discussed
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Contents; List of Tables; List of Figures; List of Boxes; List of Acronyms and Abbreviations; Preface; 1 Reform of the Urban Water Sector and the Role of Government; 2 The Structure and Performance of Urban Water Utilities; 3 Explanations of Performance and Reform Responses; 4 The Spectrum of Public Private Partnerships; 5 The Challenge of the Concession Model; 6 Addressing the Water Needs of the Urban Poor; 7 Regulating and Enabling the Direct Providers; 8 Taking Account of Capacity; 9 Reforming Urban Water Sector Reform; References; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-201) and index
    DOI: 10.1057/9781403990129
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Economic Models of Climate Change : A Critique (2003)
    London : Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9780230509467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 203 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Palgrave Economics & Finance Collection
    Series Statement: Springer ebook collection / Palgrave Economics and Finance Collection 2000 - 2013
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als DeCanio, Stephen J., 1942 - Economic models of climate change
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Klimaschutz ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Wirtschaftsmodell ; USA ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climate change ; Political economy ; Environment ; Environmental policy ; Environmental economics ; International economic relations. ; Climatology. ; Bibliographie enthalten ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: The climate policy debate has been dominated by economic estimates of the costs of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Yet the models used to derive those estimates are based on assumptions that have largely gone untested. The conventional approach embodies structural features that rule out alternative market outcomes. In addition, the distribution of 'climate rights' is crucial to determining the economic affects of various policies. Bringing these considerations to the forefront shows how domestic and international policy solutions might be found
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Contents; List of Tables; List of Figures; Acknowledgments; 1 An Overview of the Issues; 2 The Representation of Consumers' Preferences and Market Demand; 3 The Treatment of Time; 4 The Representation of Production; 5 The Forecasting Performance of Energy-Economic Models; 6 Principles for the Future; Notes; References; Index;
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-194) and index
    DOI: 10.1057/9780230509467
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Performing Transversally: Reimagining Shakespeare and the Critical Future (2003)
    New York : Palgrave Macmillan US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781137107640
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 319 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Literature ; Environment ; Theater ; Theater History ; Literature, Modern ; Poetry ; British literature ; Environmental sciences. ; Theater-History.
    Abstract: Performing Transversally expands on Bryan Reynolds' controversial transversal theory in exciting ways while offering groundbreaking analyses of Shakespeare's plays - Hamlet , Othello , Macbeth , Taming of the Shrew , Titus Andronicus , Henry V , The Tempest , and Coriolanus - and textual, filmic, and theatrical adaptations of them. With his collaborators, Reynolds challenges traditional readings of Shakespeare, re-evaluating the critical methodologies that characterize them, in regard to issues of cultural difference, authorship, representation, agency, and iconography. Reynolds demonstrates the value of his 'investigative-expansive mode,' outlining a 'transversal poetics' that points toward a critical future that is more aware of its subjective interconnectedness with the topics and audiences it seeks to engage than is reflected in most Shakespeare criticism and literary-cultural scholarship
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-137-10764-0
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmentally Sustainable Buildings : Challenges and Policies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033863
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour des bâtiments écologiquement viables ; Enjeux et politiques
    DDC: 720.47
    Keywords: Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book presents an analysis of the environmental impacts of the building sector and of current policies to mitigate these impacts, in particular with regard to reduction of CO2 emission, minimisation of construction and demolition waste and prevention of indoor air pollution. It covers a wide range of policy instruments; building regulation, capital subsidy programmes, energy tax, landfill tax, environmental labelling schemes, energy audit schemes. It indicates the direction in which environmental policies for the building sector should be developed.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033863-en
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Harnessing Markets for Biodiversity : Towards Conservation and Sustainable Use (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099241
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mobiliser les marchés au service de la biodiversité ; Pour une politique de conservation et d'exploitation durable
    DDC: 333.9516
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The private provision of biodiversity products and services is proving to be quite feasible in some circumstances. Some biodiversity products and services are already being profitably marketed. Private markets also need to be supported by appropriate public policies. This publication provides a conceptual framework for market creation in the biodiversity policy arena, as well as several examples of where the use of markets can assist policy makers in the search for more sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099241-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financing Strategies for Water and Environmental Infrastructure (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102774
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: Environmental Finance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.91
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book presents a method to develop financing strategies for investment-heavy environmental infrastructure, such as urban water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, and municipal solid waste. The strategies, supported by the FEASIBLE computer model, were developed in several countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA), in EU accession countries and China. This approach focuses on the importance of realism, affordability and the cost-effective use of resources in achieving infrastructure development and environmental goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264102774-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Voluntary Approaches for Environmental Policy : Effectiveness, Efficiency and Usage in Policy Mixes (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101784
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les approches volontaires dans les politiques de l'environnement ; Efficacité et combinaison avec d'autres instruments d'intervention
    DDC: 333.7
    Keywords: Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Do voluntary approaches deliver the expected environmental benefits? Do they help reach environmental targets in a cost-effective way? This report provides an assessment of the use of voluntary approaches building on a number of new case studies. Analysis is on the environmental effectiveness, economic efficiency and the administrative costs either used in isolation or as part of “policy mixes”. The book concludes that the environmental effectiveness of voluntary approaches is often questionable, and their economic efficiency is generally low.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101784-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Social Issues in the Provision and Pricing of Water Services (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099890
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Problèmes sociaux liés à la distribution et à la tarification de l'eau
    DDC: 363.61
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book explores the interface between environmental and social elements of water pricing policies in OECD countries. It focuses on affordability of water services and social measures aimed at resolving these affordability problems. The book considers how environmental and social safeguards are addressed under different models of water utility ownership and management. Drawing on a case study in Mexico, the book explores social problems associated with the transition from one level of water service provision to another.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099890-en
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmentally Harmful Subsidies : Policy Issues and Challenges (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les subventions dommageables à l'environnement ; Problèmes et défis
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmentally Harmful Subsidies; Policy Issues and Challenges (Chinese version)
    DDC: 338.18
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Electronic books ; Umweltbelastung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Subvention
    Abstract: Proceedings of the OECD Workshop on Environmentally Harmful Subsidies, November 2002. For the first time, experts from a variety of backgrounds (government, academics, researchers and representatives of international organisations and civil society) had the opportunity to take stock of and share technical knowledge of subsidies and their environmental impacts. They addressed these issues in the context of such diverse areas as agriculture, fisheries, energy, industry, transport, forestry and water resources
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104495-en
    URL: Volltext
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    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing Microbial Safety of Drinking Water : Improving Approaches and Methods (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099470
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assessing Microbial Safety of Drinking Water; Improving Approaches and Methods (Arabic version)
    DDC: 363.73942
    Keywords: Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Contaminated drinking water contributes to disease in developing and developed countries worldwide. This book, which is the outcome of a shared WHO-OECD initiative since 1998, provides a state-of-the-art review on approaches and methods used in assessing the microbial safety of drinking-water. It supports a framework for water and offers guidance on the selection and use of available indicators alongside operational monitoring to meet specific information needs. It looks at potential applications of new technologies and emerging methods.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099470-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards Sustainable Household Consumption? : Trends and Policies in OECD Countries (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264175068
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers un mode de consommation durable des ménages ? ; Tendances et politiques dans les pays de l'OCDE
    DDC: 339.4/7
    RVK:
    QW 300
    RVK:
    WK 8500
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of household consumption patterns in five key areas: food, tourism-related travel, energy, water and waste generation. It brings together the various elements of household consumption that are necessary to better understand consumption trends and to identify the best policy options towards sustainable consumption. These include data on household consumption trends and drivers, environmental impacts, policy responses and policy recommendations. The analysis shows that environmental impacts from household activities have worsened over the last three decades and are expected to intensify even more over the next twenty years, particularly in the areas of energy, transport and waste if strong and comprehensive policies are not implemented. The book provides a framework and outlines the objectives of policies to promote sustainable consumption. It analyses the effectiveness of different types of policy instruments (regulatory, economic, social) in influencing consumer decision-making, and identifies combinations of instruments for promoting more sustainable consumption.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264175068-en
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Potential GDP Growth in Venezuela : A Structural Time Series Approach (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Cuevas, A. Mario Potential GDP Growth in Venezuela
    Keywords: Business Cycles ; Climate Change ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Econometrics ; Economic Fluctuations ; Economic Performance ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Energy ; Energy Demand ; Environment ; Exogenous Variables ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Growth Potential ; Growth Rate ; Industry ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Oil and Gas Industry ; Private Sector Development ; Business Cycles ; Climate Change ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Econometrics ; Economic Fluctuations ; Economic Performance ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Energy ; Energy Demand ; Environment ; Exogenous Variables ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Growth Potential ; Growth Rate ; Industry ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Oil and Gas Industry ; Private Sector Development ; Business Cycles ; Climate Change ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Econometrics ; Economic Fluctuations ; Economic Performance ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Energy ; Energy Demand ; Environment ; Exogenous Variables ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Growth Potential ; Growth Rate ; Industry ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Oil and Gas Industry ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Real GDP and oil prices are decomposed into common stochastic trend and cycle processes using structural time series models. Potential real GDP is represented by the level of the trend component of real GDP. The potential rate of growth of real GDP is represented by the stochastic drift element of the trend component. Cuevas finds that there is a strong association at the trend and cycle frequencies between real GDP and the real price of oil. This association is also robust in the presence of key economic policy variables. From 1970–80, when the underlying annual rate of increase of the real price of oil was 12 percent, the underlying annual rate of increase of potential GDP in Venezuela was 2.6 percent. By contrast, from 1981–2000 when the underlying rate of increase of the real price of oil was –5 percent, the underlying growth rate of potential GDP fell 1.5 percent. However, the strength of association between the underlying growth of oil prices and real GDP has fallen considerably since the early 1980s, suggesting that oil cannot be relied on as an engine for future growth in Venezuela. This paper—a product of the Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela Country Management Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region—is part of a larger effort in the region to encourage research on macroeconomic issues. The author may be contacted at mcuevasworldbank.org
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolution des filières cotonnieres en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Badiane, Ousmane Evolution des filières cotonnieres en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre
    Keywords: Agricultural ; Agriculture ; Associations ; Centre ; Climate Change ; Crises ; Distribution ; Environment ; Finance ; Influence ; Les ; Pans ; Par ; Parasites ; Pesticides ; Policies ; Telecommunications Infrastructure ; Agricultural ; Agriculture ; Associations ; Centre ; Climate Change ; Crises ; Distribution ; Environment ; Finance ; Influence ; Les ; Pans ; Par ; Parasites ; Pesticides ; Policies ; Telecommunications Infrastructure ; Agricultural ; Agriculture ; Associations ; Centre ; Climate Change ; Crises ; Distribution ; Environment ; Finance ; Influence ; Les ; Pans ; Par ; Parasites ; Pesticides ; Policies ; Telecommunications Infrastructure
    Abstract: La culture du coton a connu un énorme succès en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre. La région est actuellement deuxième exportateur mondial derrière les Etats Unis, avec une part de marché de 15 pourcent. Malgré la forte performance qu'elle a connu dans le passé, la filière est caractérisée par des déficiences d'ordre institutionnel et structurel qui menacent sa viabilité dans un contexte de mondialisation croissante de l'industrie cotonnière. L'avenir de la filière est également menacé par les effets des politiques cotonnières de certains grands producteurs tels que les Etats Unis, l'Union Européenne, et la Chine. Le présent rapport analyse l'impact des facteurs cités ci-dessus sur la performance future de l'industrie cotonnière dans la région. Il identifie également les changements qui doivent être effectués afin de permettre au pays de la sous-région d'exploiter au maximum l'énorme potentiel de croissance qui existe dans la filière
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Case for International Coordination of Electricity Regulation : Evidence from the Measurement of Efficiency in South America (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio The Case for International Coordination of Electricity Regulation
    Keywords: Competition ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economists ; Efficiency ; Electricity Generation ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equilibrium ; Information ; Inputs ; Interest ; Labor ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Monitoring ; Competition ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economists ; Efficiency ; Electricity Generation ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equilibrium ; Information ; Inputs ; Interest ; Labor ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Monitoring ; Competition ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economists ; Efficiency ; Electricity Generation ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equilibrium ; Information ; Inputs ; Interest ; Labor ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Monitoring
    Abstract: A decade long experience shows that monitoring the performance of public and private monopolies in South America is proving to be the hard part of the reform process. The operators who control most of the information needed for regulatory purposes have little interest in volunteering their dissemination unless they have an incentive to do so. Estache, Rossi, and Ruzzier argue that, in spite of, and maybe because of, a much weaker information base and governance structure, South America's electricity sector could pursue an approach that relies on performance rankings based on comparative efficiency measures. The authors show that with the rather modest data currently available publicly, such an approach could yield useful results. They provide estimates of efficiency levels in South America's main distribution companies between 1994 and 2000. Moreover, the authors show how relatively simple tests can be used by regulators to check the robustness of their results and strengthen their position at regulatory hearings. This paper—a joint product of the Governance, Regulation, and Finance Division, World Bank Institute, and the Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region—is part of a larger effort in the institute to increase understanding of infrastructure regulation
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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