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  • English  (63)
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  • 2000-2004  (63)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (63)
  • Industry and Services  (38)
  • Agriculture and Food  (27)
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Publisher
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Entrepreneurship : A Catalyst for Urban Regeneration (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017320
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (340 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Entrepreneurship
    RVK:
    QK 300
    Keywords: Entrepreneurship ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Städtischer Niedergang ; Stadterneuerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift ; Stadtentwicklung ; Unternehmerverhalten
    Abstract: This book presents a 'toolbox' of instruments for entrepreneurship development in what often appear to be the most hostile environments for economic development in our cities, showing how entrepreneurship can indeed prosper given the right stimulus. It is based on the proceedings of the conference on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Distressed Urban Areas held 7-8 October 2003 in Rome, and organised by the OECD LEED Programme, in collaboration with the EU, the municipality of Rome, and Risorse per Roma.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017320-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating Local Economic and Employment Development : How to Assess What Works among Programmes and Policies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017092
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (462 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La evaluacion del desarrollo economico y del empleo a nivel local
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Evaluating Local Economic and Employment Development is one of the few books to examine best practices in evaluating programmes for local and regional economic and employment development. Appropriate for a non-technical readership, this book contains policy proposals for central and local governments aimed at improving the practice of evaluation, enlarging the evidence base for policy and developing a culture of evaluation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017092-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fish Piracy : Combating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This book gathers the proceedings of an OECD Workshop that took place in April 2004 in Paris, on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing -- a worldwide problem which is increasing in scale. The aim of the workshop was to better understand the social and economic factors that drive IUU fishing in order to identify more effective methods to combat this evil and propose new ways to deal with it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016804-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Science and Technology Statistical Compendium 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compendium statistique 2004 de la science et de la technologie
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The S&T Statistical Compendium 2004 was prepared for the January 2004 meeting of the Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP) at Ministerial level and mainly draws on databases, indicators and methodology developed by the CSTP’s Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI) Working Party, and compiled by the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI). It presents a wide selection of the most policy-relevant and internationally comparable indicators currently available in the field of science and technology. The document looks at the state of science and technology in the OECD across four broad dimensions:• Section A: Innovation and R&D.• Section B: Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRST).• Section C: Patents.• Section D: Other areas (ICT, globalisation, industrial structure).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026186-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015999
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Grundsätze der Corporate Governance 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principios de Gobierno Corporativo de la OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 Edition (Japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Os Princípios da OCDE sobre o Governo das Sociedades 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Chinese version)
    RVK:
    QP 341
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Since they were issued in 1999, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance have gained worldwide recognition as an international benchmark for good corporate governance. They are actively used by governments, regulators, investors, corporations and stakeholders in both OECD and non-OECD countries and have been adopted by the Financial Stability Forum as one of the Twelve Key Standards for Sound Financial Systems. This revised version takes into account developments since 1999 and includes several important amendments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015999-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Dairy Sector (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015906
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Series Statement: Agriculture, Trade and the Environment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur laitier
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Milchwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Agrarhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Treibhauseffekt
    Abstract: This OECD study takes an in-depth look at the dairy sector in OECD countries in order to see how agricultural subsidies and environmental policies are impacting the environment and international competitiveness of dairy products.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015906-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New World Map in Textiles and Clothing : Adjusting to Change (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018556
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Textile et vêtement ; Faire face aux mutations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Textile et vêtement : Faire face aux mutations
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von A new world map in textiles and clothing
    DDC: 338.4/7677
    RVK:
    QR 526
    RVK:
    QM 200
    Keywords: Textilindustrie ; Welttextilabkommen ; Handelsabkommen ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Strukturwandel ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Textilindustrie ; Internationalisierung ; Bekleidungsindustrie ; Bekleidungshandel ; Außenhandel
    Abstract: In light of the elimination of quantitative import restrictions under the WTO at the end of 2004, A New World Map in Textiles and Clothing identifies the most recent market developments throughout the entire supply chain, from natural fibres to retail distribution. It outlines the policy and regulatory challenges in the fields of trade, labour adjustment, technology and innovation, and suggests a policy framework to help deal effectively with such changes as well as to capitalise on the trade opportunities that are being created through improved market access. “A highly useful contribution to the debate on policy challenges in textiles and clothing, the book stands out from the others in recognising the influence that trade policy measures continue to exert on investment and production decisions, and in providing a synthesis of key market developments and policy issues.” Munir Ahmad, Executive Director, International Textiles and Clothing Bureau “Policy makers in all textile and clothing trading countries would be wise to heed the sound advice proffered in this comprehensive and thorough, fact-based assessment." Laura Baughman, President, Trade Partnership Worldwide, LLC. “A must read for anybody interested in the future of textiles and clothing around the world. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the expected adjustment process in usefully underscoring the role of technology and innovation and the growing importance of the business facilitation agenda.” Carlos A. Primo Braga, Senior Adviser, International Trade Department, The World Bank
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018556-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    2002 Reports Related to the OECD Model Tax Convention (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Issues in International Taxation no.8
    Series Statement: Issues in international taxation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapports de 2002 relatifs au Modèle de convention fiscale de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Taxation ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication includes three recent reports of the Committee on Fiscal Affairs that resulted in changes to the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and Capital (those changes were included in the update adopted by the Council of the OECD on 28 January 2003): "Restricting the Entitlement to Treaty Benefits", "Treaty Characterisation Issues Arising From E-Commerce: Report Adopted by the Committee on Fiscal Affairs", and "Issues Arising Under Article 5 (Permanent Establishment) of the Model Tax Convention".
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099920-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Innovative Soil-Plant Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Practices (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099722
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (560 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Biological Resource Management in Agriculture
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 631.4
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Interest in the quality and health of soil has grown with the recognition that soil is vital not only to production of food and fibre, but also to the smooth functioning of the ecosystem, and overall environmental stability. Strategies for sustainable management include conserving essential soil components, minimising erosion, balancing production with environmental needs, and making better use of renewable resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099722-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Delivering the Goods : 21st Century Challenges to Urban Goods Transport (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264102828
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport urbain de marchandises ; Les défis du XXIe siècle
    DDC: 388.4132409177
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Relatively little has been done by governments to facilitate the essential flows of goods in urban areas and to reduce the adverse impacts of urban goods transport on the communities served. This has resulted in increasing problems associated with goods delivery including competition with passenger transport for access to road infrastructure and space for parking/delivery facilities. How should OECD countries deal with the challenges they face in this area? This report analyses measures taken in many cities and provides recommendations for dealing with these challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264102828-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Liberalising Fisheries Markets : Scope and Effects (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La libéralisation du secteur de la pêche ; Sa portée et ses effets
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication reviews the significant changes that have taken place in the world fisheries sector and provides an in-depth analysis of the prospects for and potential effects of further market liberalisation in the sector. It also contains an inventory of market measures and policies in place in OECD countries. A principal outcome of the study is that there is room for further market liberalisation in the trade in fish and fish products.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199873-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corporate Governance in Development : The Experiences of Brazil, Chile, India, and South Africa (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106598
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Development ; Industry and Services ; Brazil ; Chile ; India ; South Africa
    Abstract: Corporate governance matters for national development. Studies of Brazil, Chile, India, and South Africa show that corporate governance has an important role to play in helping both to increase financial capital to firms in developing countries and to enhance those countries’ financial development as a whole. They further show that corporate governance matters can contribute greatly to achieving sustained productivity growth in developing countries’ real economies. The value of improved corporate governance for development cannot, however, be considered in isolation. In the financial sector, attention must also be given to measures to strengthen the banking sector and a country’s financial institutions as a whole. To gain most from improved corporate governance in the real economy, close attention must also be given to competition policy and to reforms of sector-specific regulatory practices. The book is for civil society, NGOs and research institutes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106598-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators : A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité ; Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators; A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité : Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators: A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators provides a systemic approach to measuring the success of stakeholders' chemical safety programmes by detailing targets, activity indicators and outcome indicators. It also provides flexibility for groups to design programmes to assess their own performance related to the prevention of, preparedness for, and response to chemical accidents. The SPI (Safety Performance Indicators) serves as a guide to help industry, authorities and communities measure the extent to which actions help improve chemical safety.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019119-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development : Programme and Policy Recommendations (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local ; Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Iniciativa empresarial y desarrollo económico local ; recomendaciones para la aplicación de programas y políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local : Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Iniciativa empresarial y desarrollo económico local : recomendaciones para la aplicación de programas y políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Few studies have systematically examined the relationship between the creation of new firms and local economic development -- yet it is a universal concern for central and local governments wishing to combat localised economic distress. This book examines the principal routes through which enterprise creation can have a positive impact on local economies. Recommendations cover three thematic areas: strategy, finance and programme design. The book is for investment agencies, entrepreneurs seeking to invest locally and economists in the corporate sector. "Overall, this is an excellent overview of the key issues concerning entrepreneurship and local economic development. While primarily aimed at the pragmatic policymakers, who will find it extremely valuable, it also has the rigor and breadth to interest researchers and students." Ronald McQuaidEmployment Research InstituteNapier University, Edinburgh, UKJOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, VOL. 44, NO. 3, 2004
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199798-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response: (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This second comprehensive edition of these Principles is to help public authorities, industry and communities worldwide anticipate accidents involving hazardous substances resulting from technological and natural disasters, as well as sabotage. It addresses the following issues: preventing the occurrence of chemical accidents and near-misses; preparing for accidents through emergency planning, public communication, etc.; responding to accidents and minimising their adverse effects; and following-up to accidents, regarding clean-up, reporting and investigation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101821-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises : Revision 2000 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (67 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales ; Révision 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen; Neufassung 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales : Révision 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen: Neufassung 2000
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The revised OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises were adopted by the governments of the 30 Member countries of the OECD and Argentina, Brazil and Chile on the occasion of the OECD's annual Council meeting at Ministerial level in Paris on 27 June 2000. This booklet comprises the revised text and commentary, implementation procedures and the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033979-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Organic Agriculture : Sustainability, Markets and Policies (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 631.584
    RVK:
    ZA 55300
    RVK:
    ZB 61000
    RVK:
    ZB 85000
    Keywords: Organic farming Economic aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Organic farming Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Organic farming OECD countries ; Congresses ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Biologische Landwirtschaft ; Umweltfaktor ; Wirtschaftlichkeit ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The economic performance of organic farms is mixed, with considerable variation in the yields achieved and the premiums received for products within and across OECD countries. This publication reveals that organic agriculture is disadvantaged by current agricultural support policies, and the proliferation of standards and labels has sometimes confused consumers and impeded trade. A key policy challenge is to ensure that both the positive and negative externalities of different agricultural production systems are taken into account.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101517-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agriculture and Biodiversity : Developing Indicators for Policy Analysis (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    ZA 54000
    RVK:
    ZB 60400
    RVK:
    WI 2200
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Landwirtschaft ; Biodiversität ; Artenreichtum ; Indikator ; Landwirtschaft ; Biodiversität ; Indikator ; Agrarökologie
    Abstract: This book is a collection of papers from the OECD meeting on Agri-biodiversity Indicators held jointly with the EU and international organisations in November 2001, in Zurich-Rechkenhols, Switzerland. A key outcome was to establish a common agri-biodiversity framework that helps understand the complexity of agri-biodiversity linkages. Papers cover the following topics; agricultural genetic resources, wild species, ecosytems, linking habitats to species and an overview of agri-biodiversity indicators. It includes a set of recommendations to OECD with respect to agri-biodiversity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199217-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Pig Sector (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (185 p.)
    Series Statement: Agriculture, Trade and the Environment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur porcin
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Agrarpolitik ; Schweinezucht ; Umweltbelastung ; Biodiversität ; Schweinefleischproduktion ; Schweinefleischmarkt ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: This study takes an in-depth look at the pig sector in OECD countries and draws some conclusions about the most appropriate forms of policy intervention. It argues that liberalising trade is likely to generate some environmental benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104174-en
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Costs of Managing Fisheries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099777
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coûts de gestion des pêcheries
    Keywords: Fisheries Costs ; Fishery management Economic aspects ; Agriculture and Food ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Seefischerei ; Kostenmanagement
    Abstract: In an era of declining budgets, governments are seeking more efficient and cost-effective means of delivering fisheries services. These developments raise a number of significant policy questions. How much do governments spend on managing fisheries? Who pays for the fisheries management services? Who actually delivers the services? How effective are the services in meeting their objectives? These questions are addressed in this report which examines the costs of managing fisheries in OECD countries
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099777-en
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Regulations on Agro-Food Trade : The Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreements (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'impact des réglementations sur le commerce de produits agroalimentaires ; Les accords sur les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC) et l'application des mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires (SPS)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'impact des réglementations sur le commerce de produits agroalimentaires : Les accords sur les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC) et l'application des mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires (SPS)
    RVK:
    ZB 87400
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Agrarhandel ; Welthandel ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Lebensmittelhandel ; Welthandel ; Handelshemmnis
    Abstract: Agricultural trade disputes over issues such as beef hormones and genetically modified organisms have received wide public attention and illustrated the trade-off between domestic and international policy objectives. This report examines pertinent issues at the interface between domestic policy objectives, technical regulations and agricultural trade. It also discusses approaches to measuring the trade impacts of food safety and other technical measures, and presents empirical evidence concerning the trade effects of resolving controversial food safety issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105423-en
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    Fighting Hard-core Cartels : Harm, Effective Sanctions and Leniency Programmes (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lutte contre les ententes injustifiables ; Effets dommageables, sanctions efficaces et programmes de clémence
    DDC: 338.8/7
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Kartell ; Bekämpfung ; Wettbewerbspolitik
    Abstract: Hard-core cartels are the most egregious violations of competition law. What are the most appropriate tools to fight them? In this book, the OECD identifies an increasingly successful "carrot-and-stick" approach – applying stiffer punishment for cartel operators and enhancing programmes aimed at rewarding cartel members who decide to defect and co-operate with the authorities. This book contributes to the existing knowledge about the extent of cartels' overcharges and other harm to businesses and consumers worldwide, and sheds light on new and effective "leniency programmes", as well as on optimal sanctions in cartel cases.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174993-en
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  • 23
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    Agriculture and Trade Liberalisation : Extending the Uruguay Round Agreement (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'agriculture et la libéralisation des échanges ; Élargir la portée des Accords d'Uruguay
    RVK:
    QS 200
    RVK:
    ZB 87400
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Uruguay
    Abstract: This report provides information on the average tariff levels and on the use of tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies and export credits by selected OECD countries for temperate-zone agricultural products. The implications of further liberalisation of the various instruments over the medium term are examined. The effects of further trade liberalisation of agricultural markets over the medium-term depend significantly on the modalities and prevailing market conditions against which the liberalisation scenarios are compared. On market access, although the largest impact on world prices is from tariff reductions, each of the current trade policy instruments (i.e. out-of-quota tariffs, in-quota tariffs, and tariff rate quotas) would have to be liberalised to obtain the greatest impact. On export subsidies, their current use is already at levels much lower than Uruguay Round commitments, and elimination would have modest effects for most commodities (except dairy products). This situation could change and further discipline on their use would prevent back-tracking. Export credits used by certain countries are also found to distort trade, although the effects on world markets and average prices remain relatively small, due to the small share of trade facilitated by these programmes and their small per-unit effect. Disciplines are necessary, however, to avoid even greater use of all forms of export competition policies. Countries have embarked on a new round of multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture. The challenge facing policy makers is to build upon the foundations of the URAA to further reduce trade distortions. This requires strengthening the disciplines already established and addressing weaknesses of the current agreement, such as those that have been identified in this report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196292-en
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  • 24
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    Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment : Lessons from the Mining Sector (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199026
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Global Forum on International Investment
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the forces fostering closer economic interdependence among countries. The rapid increase in FDI flows has generated considerable debate about its environmental and social implications in host countries. While much of the debate on these issues has been general in nature, this volume deepens the analysis by examining the FDI-environment relationship in a specific sector and identifies emerging best practices. Empirical evidence from the mining sector is presented, and the key elements of the policy and institutional frameworks that guide investors’ environmental behaviour are discussed. In addition, the emerging role of voluntary commitments by enterprises to safeguard the environment is examined.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199026-en
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  • 25
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Siena, Italy 2002 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194373
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Sienne, Italie 2002
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Sienne, Italie 2002
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: OECD's territorial review of the Italian province of Siena. It finds that Siena, a predominantly rural province in central Italy, has enjoyed steady economic growth throughout the post-war period. This success has its roots in a diverse economy based on manufacturing, services, high-value-added agriculture and a dynamic tourism sector. Nonetheless, it is these last two sectors that give Siena its main competitive advantage: an outstanding concentration of high-quality environmental and cultural resources which are unique to the region. The promotion of different sustainable development initiatives has been motivated by the need to ensure the valorisation and conservation of this major asset. This is most apparent in the effort to ensure that the region's development is not spoilt by the impact of mass tourism and an uncoordinated offer. The agrarian landscape also faces an uncertain future as the bulk of the cultivated land area remains dependent on EU subsidies, notwithstanding the market success of many agricultural producers. To respond to the challenges of sustainable development, Siena needs to fully integrate its development objectives with the most effective means to bring them about, in a co-ordinated and long-term planning exercise.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194373-en
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  • 26
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    Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries : A Positive Reform Agenda (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264199682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques agricoles des pays de l'OCDE ; un programme de réforme constructif
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politiques agricoles des pays de l'OCDE : un programme de réforme constructif
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264199682-en
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  • 27
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    The Size of Government Procurement Markets (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La taille des marchés publics
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Governments are significant purchasers of goods and services and these markets represent huge opportunities for international trade. This document presents a synthesis of the analytical studies on the quantification of the size of government procurement markets and proposes a series of estimates of procurement markets for over 130 individual countries. The world total government procurement is estimated to amount to $5550 billion in 1998, which is equivalent to 82.3% of the world merchandise and commercial services exports in 1998. The world value of government procurement that is potentially opened up to international trade is estimated at $2083 billion, which is equivalent to 7.1% of the world Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or 30.1% of the world merchandise and commercial services exports. Detailed estimates of government procurement markets are proposed for OECD countries, including estimates of procurement broken down by government levels, types of expenditure (consumption versus investment) and contestable shares. Informed knowledge about the size of government procurement markets and in particular the shares of national markets that are potentially opened up to intenational competition is relevant for the business community, government and trade negotiators.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196308-en
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  • 28
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    Agricultural Policies in China after WTO Accession (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264158894
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    ZB 56062
    RVK:
    ZB 56000
    Keywords: Agriculture and state China ; Congresses ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; China ; Congresses ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; China, People’s Republic ; China Foreign economic relations ; Congresses ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; China ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: This book presents the proceedings of an OECD conference reflecting on how China can best manage its reform process under WTO integration. It is an invaluable analysis of farm and rural realities in today’s China and their ultimate implications for world trade. China’s World Trade Organisation membership has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges, propelling its agricultural development into a new era. China’s policymakers continue to face the twin challenges of raising farm incomes and restructuring the rural economy. Do economy-wide policies in China support the agricultural sector? What is the true extent of the "peasant burden"? What policies will most effectively promote the development of rural areas? What is the role of education in improving rural livelihoods and redeploying rural labour? What is the degree of market integration and how well are prices transmitted throughout the country? These questions and issues were debated based on the papers reproduced in this publication. They offer the reader the fruits of timely analytical and strategic thinking by some of the world’s renowned experts on China’s agricultural policies and on methods of policy analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264158894-en
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  • 29
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    Women Entrepreneurs in SMEs : Realising the Benefits of Globalisation and the Knowledge-based Economy (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The first OECD Conference on Women Entrepreneurs in SMEs in 1997 highlighted their contribution to innovation and job creation. Since that time, women’s entrepreneurship has been burgeoning. Women entrepreneurs constitute a growing share of SME owners, with higher than average start-up rates in several OECD Member and non-member countries. Eliminating obstacles to the creation and development of firms by women and creating a level playing field for women business owners is vital for a thriving entrepreneurial sector and important for national growth strategies. Women business owners are creating new niches for entrepreneurial activity and have the potential to become key players in the new, knowledge-based economy. However, they must adapt to profound changes in the way small enterprises do business, both locally and at the global level. The 2000 Conference aimed at finding ways to help women-owned SMEs seize the opportunities offered by globalisation, ICTs, changes in firm organisation, the increasing importance of the service sector, and other current developments. Cette publication est tirée de la conférence de l'OCDE sur « Les femmes entrepreneurs à la tête de PME : pour une participation dynamique à la mondialisation et à l'économie fondée sur le savoir ». Les lecteurs de langue française y trouveront une synthèse en français des présentations, discussions et conclusions de la conférence.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193239-en
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    Multifunctionality : Towards an Analytical Framework (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Multifonctionnalité ; Élaboration d'un cadre analytique
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The term multifunctionality is increasingly used, but is prone to different interpretations concerning its definition, its utility and its implications for policy at domestic and international level. The OECD undertook this analysis to clarify the concept of multifunctionality and to try to establish a common analytical framework and terminology. Examining production, externality and public good aspects of multifunctionality, the analysis contained in this report leads to a series of questions, the answers to which determine if and when policy intervention is warranted and what the nature of that intervention should be. The framework encompasses both negative and positive externalities of agriculture. The first question relates to the degree of jointness in production between the multiple outputs. The second question identifies the circumstances in which market failure arises. A third question leads to an investigation of the public good characteristics of the outputs in question and helps to define the optimal type of intervention. These may range from market creation, to the imposition of user fees, the formation of clubs or public provision financed at local, regional or national level. The most efficient policy option is defined by the nature of jointness on the supply side and by the characteristics of the output on the demand side, all costs and benefits being taken into account.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192171-en
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  • 31
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    Extended Producer Responsibility : A Guidance Manual for Governments (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Responsabilité élargie des producteurs ; Manuel à l'intention des pouvoirs publics
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltpolitik ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Produzent ; Verantwortung
    Abstract: Municipal waste has increased 22 % per capita from 1980 to 1997. At the same time, the difficulty of siting new waste disposal facilities has increased. While major progress has been made to lessen the per capita generation of air and water pollution over the past decades, waste generation is still on the rise. Faced with the increase of waste, many governments have reviewed available policy options and concluded that placing the responsibility for the post-consumer phase of certain goods on producers could provide a means to relieve certain environmental pressures, arising from post-consumer waste. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach under which producers accept significant responsibility - financial and/or physical - for the treatment or disposal of post-consumer products. Assigning such responsibility could provide incentives to prevent wastes at the source, promote product design for the environment and support the achievement of public recycling and materials management goals. Within the OECD the trend is towards the extension of EPR to new products, product groups and waste streams such as electrical appliances and electronics. This guidance manual represents one means to inform national governments about the potential benefits and costs associated with EPR.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189867-en
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  • 32
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    Corporate Responsibility : Private Initiatives and Public Goals (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193062
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Responsabilité des entreprises ; Initiatives privées et objectifs publics
    DDC: 658.4/08
    RVK:
    QP 150
    RVK:
    QC 010
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Private initiatives for corporate responsibility have been a major development in international management over the last twenty years. The initiatives include issuance of codes of business conduct, implementation of management systems and broader efforts to improve business accountability. Yet, there is little agreement about what these initiatives mean or how effective they are. OECD research on private initiatives sheds light on various aspects of the corporate responsibility movement: what are firms and business associations doing? How have governments influenced the initiatives? What contributions, if any, have these initiatives made to improving the business sector’s ability to comply with law and regulation and to respond to broader societal expectations?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193062-en
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  • 33
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    New Patterns of Industrial Globalisation : Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions and Strategic Alliances (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le nouveau visage de la mondialisation industrielle ; Fusions-acquisitions et alliances stratégiques transnationales
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QM 000
    RVK:
    QR 200
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Industrie ; Globalisierung ; Internationales Management
    Abstract: New patterns of globalisation are accelerating the internationalisation of industry and reshaping industrial structure at the global level. Rapidly growing cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and strategic alliances are distinctive features of globalisation in the current era. They have become common paths to internationalising business operations, research and markets, together with traditional forms of trade and investment. An overwhelming share of foreign direct investment (FDI) is now in the form of M&As rather than greenfield investment, as firms shelve earlier diversification and expansion strategies and focus on core competencies. Strategic alliances are also a powerful mechanism for industrial restructuring on a global basis. This book presents the latest trends and drivers of globalisation in major OECD countries and their implications for industrial performance and government policies. It analyses regional as well as sectoral trends, including in telecommunications, automobiles, steel, pharmaceuticals, airlines and financial services. Growing alliances for business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce, and globalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are assessed. A Statistical Annex presents data through 2000.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192911-en
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  • 34
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    Businesses' Views on Red Tape : Administrative and Regulatory Burdens on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193468
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Cutting Red Tape
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La paperasserie vue par les entreprises ; Les charges administratives et règlementaires des petites et moyennes entreprises
    DDC: 338.5
    RVK:
    NY 1600
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Regulierung
    Abstract: Businesses’ Views on Red Tape provides the first opportunity to systematically compare data across 11 OECD countries. The data show how small and medium-sized enterprises perceive national administrative and regulatory costs. Regulations and government formalities, so-called "red tape", are important tools used by governments to carry out public policies in many policy areas, including safety, health, and environmental protection. However, if they are poorly designed or applied, inefficient, or outdated, they can impede innovation, entry, investment, and create unnecessary barriers to trade, investment, and economic efficiency. The result of poor regulation and formalities is that national economies become less able to grow, compete, adjust, and create jobs. Based on a survey of almost 8 000 businesses, this report assesses the quality, application and burdens of employment, environment and tax regulations and formalities. The results are dramatic: for example, red tape accounts for 4% of the annual turnover of companies, while the hardest hit are the smallest companies, and these costs are growing in most countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193468-en
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  • 35
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    Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2001 : Travel version (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192218
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2001 ; Édition de poche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2001; Travel version (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The 2001 edition of Transfer Pricing Guidelines was substantially revised in July 2010. See the current edition . This compact version of Transfer Pricing Guidelines provides the complete and current text of the OECD pricing guidelines accepted by member countries and to be used by multinational enterprises when transferring goods and services across boundaries and within the same group of companies. They maintain the arm's length principle of treating related entreprises within a multinational group and affirm traditional transaction methods as the prefered way of implementing the principle. These controversial issues are not just of interest to tax experts. National tax administrations, taxpayers, and businessmen alike all have a share in avoiding conflicting tax rules which might seriously hamper the development of world trade. These guidelines have also been published in a loose leaf version.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192218-en
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  • 36
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    Valuing Rural Amenities (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192126
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Economic valuation is widely used in OECD countries as a way of assessing the (usually monetary) value of goods that have no markets. In the rural context, valuation methods are used to argue for or against projects and policy choices in areas as diverse as agricultural support policies, local economic development, land use and biodiversity assessment.This volume reviews a range of different valuation methodologies -- stated preferences, cost-benefit, revealed preferences, and others -- and looks at how these different approaches influence choices in rural policy. Its aim is to assess whether some set of international guidelines or standards could be used to reduce the subjectivity of the evidentiary information.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192126-en
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  • 37
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    Sustainable Development : Critical Issues (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193185
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Développement durable ; Les grandes questions
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QC 347
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport ; Economics ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: How can we meet the needs of today without diminishing the capacity of future generations to meet theirs? This is the central question posed by "sustainable development". OECD countries committed themselves to sustainable development at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio, yet - almost ten years later - progress accomplished remains partial and uneven. Drawing on analysis carried forward in response to a mandate from OECD Ministers in 1998, this report stresses the urgency to address some of the most pressing challenges for sustainable development. It reviews the conceptual foundations of sustainable development, its measurement, and the institutional reforms needed to make it operational. It then discusses how international trade and investment, as well as development co-operation, can contribute to sustainable development on a global basis, and reviews the experience of OECD countries in using market-based, regulatory and technology policies to reach sustainability goals in a cost-effective way. The report also provides an in-depth analysis of policies designed to address key threats to sustainability in the areas of climate change and natural resource management, as well as of those that respond to sustainability concerns at the sectoral and sub-national level. The common thrust of the report is that substantial opportunities exist to make economic growth, environmental protection, and social development mutually reinforcing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193185-en
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  • 38
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    OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises : Global Instruments for Corporate Responsibility (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196018
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The Guidelines are recommendations to multinational enterprises on their business conduct in such areas as labour, environment, consumer protection and the fight against corruption. The recommendations are made by the 33 adhering governments and, although they are not binding, governments are committed to promoting their observance. This book provides an account of what governments have been doing to enhance the contribution of the Guidelines to the improved functioning of the global economy. It also provides a comparative analysis and comments by the business, labour and NGO communities on the complementarities and differences between the Guidelines and other global instruments for corporate responsibility (e.g. UN Global Compact, Global Reporting Initiative).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196018-en
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  • 39
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    Improving the Environmental Performance of Agriculture : Policy options and market approaches (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033801
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer les performances environnementales de l'agriculture ; Choix de mesures et approches par le marché
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer les performances environnementales de l'agriculture : Choix de mesures et approches par le marché
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Agriculture has major impacts on the environment, especially on land use, soil and water quality, biodiversity and landscapes, which is a growing public concern in OECD countries. The challenge is to find ways for agriculture to efficiently and profitably produce sufficient and safe food to meet growing world demand without harming the environment and degrading natural resources. Agricultural policies often provide substantial production-linked support that have boosted farm output, but with mixed results on environmental quality. The reform of agricultural policies and trade liberalisation has started to alter signals to farmers, leading to changes in farm practices, which will contribute to enhancing the beneficial and reducing the harmful environmental impacts of agriculture. Despite some progress in the environmental performance of agriculture over the last decade, there is still much room for improvement and more needs to be done. On which principles should policies be based? Who should pay or be paid for ensuring environmental quality? When could market approaches be harnessed for charging and remunerating environmental quality? And when might policy action be needed? This report sheds light on these questions and provides criteria and guidelines for the better design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies addressing environmental issues in agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033801-en
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  • 40
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    Energy Consumption in Industry : 2000 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication presents annual energy consumption data in manufacturing sectors. Over the last 25 years, energy consumption has become just as important as energy supply for policy makers. There is a need for energy efficiency indicators and data to monitor developments in energy consumption and energy efficiency trends as they affect the environment. In order to analyse energy use and energy efficiency, it is essential to have disaggregated industry level consumption data. This publication provides such data. Time series of annual energy consumption are provided at the disaggregated manufacturing industry level for most of the OECD countries from 1990 to 1999 where available.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192546-en
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    OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Slovenia 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Where are the resources for lifelong learning?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE ; Slovénie 2001
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T.: Where are the resources for lifelong learning?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE: Slovénie 2001
    DDC: 374
    RVK:
    DW 1000
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; Bildungsinvestition ; OECD-Staaten ; Continuing education ; Agriculture and Food ; Slovenia ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsökonomie
    Abstract: OECD's 2001 review of Slovenia's agricultural policies. It finds that successful macroeconomic recovery and major progress towards international integration marked Slovenia’s first decade of independence. This should have a positive impact on the domestic agro-food sector, prompting the shift of human and financial resources into more competitive areas and driving down production costs. With EU membership fast approaching and commitments to WTO and CEFTA to be upheld, Slovenia needs to limit price-distorting policies in the agro-food sector and to focus on structural adjustment, especially to reduce farm fragmentation, enlarge the commercially viable farm sector, and restructure and modernise the food industry. Given the high importance of rural areas in Slovenia, an effective rural diversification strategy targeted to generate off-farm incomes for rural people is vital to support the progress towards a more market-oriented agriculture. The Review analyses developments since Slovenia gained independence in 1991. It evaluates key structural issues, examines emerging policy developments and provides detailed estimates of support to agriculture, using the OECD’s Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs/CSEs). For those involved in central and eastern European agriculture and agro-food policies, markets and trade, the Review offers unique information and analysis. Policy makers, businesses and researchers will find it an indispensable reference for years to come.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188365-en
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    Measuring Productivity - OECD Manual : Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194519
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la productivité - Manuel de l'OCDE ; Mesurer la croissance de la productivité par secteur et pour l'ensemble de l'économie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Productivity - OECD Manual; Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la productivité - Manuel de l'OCDE : Mesurer la croissance de la productivité par secteur et pour l'ensemble de l'économie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Productivity - OECD Manual: Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD Measuring Productivity Manual is the first comprehensive guide to the various productivity measures aimed at statisticians, researchers and analysts involved in constructing industry-level productivity indicators. This Manual presents the theoretical foundations to productivity measurement, and discusses implementation and measurement issues. The text is accompanied by empirical examples from OECD countries and by numerical examples to enhance its readability. The Manual also offers a brief discussion of the interpretation and use of productivity measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194519-en
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  • 43
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    Reforming Russian Infrastructure for Competition and Efficiency (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264061460
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    DDC: 338.947
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Infrastructure sectors -- particularly railroads, telecommunications, electricity and natural gas -- are vital in providing necessities of life to the Russian Federation’s citizens and key inputs into the rest of the economy. A top priority of the current government in Russia is to reform the infrastructure sectors, specifically in such sectors as rail transport and electric power, to create an efficient and effective regulatory regime that supports the creation of competition where possible and provides more effective protection to consumers in those spheres where competition is not possible. This book compiles the proceedings of four meetings held at the request of the Minister for Antimonopoly Policy of the Russian Federation, on the reform of railroads, telecommunications, electricity and natural gas, during December 2000-September 2001. This review is part of the OECD's ongoing co-operation with non-Member economies around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264061460-en
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  • 44
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    Competition in Electricity Markets (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Market Reform
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Most OECD countries, and many countries outside the OECD, are now deeply engaged in a reform of their electricity markets to stimulate competition and improve efficiency. This book considers the key elements of effective reform based on a review of experiences to date. A converging trend emerges, that emphasises competition in the generation, supply and trade of electricity, aimed at maximising consumer choice. It also highlights the development of new approaches to regulation of the transmission system, which remains monopolistic. This book is an invaluable guide and reference for energy policy makers. It examines the many issues and functions that define a modern, liberalised electricity supply industry, and the challenges posed by regulatory reform. It updates the 1999 IEA publication “Electricity Market Reform - an IEA Handbook”, and is the latest in a series of IEA publications on energy market reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192768-en
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  • 45
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    Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies : Focus on South Eastern Europe - Proceedings of OECD Expert Meeting, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 2001 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195646
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Finance and Investment ; Slovenia ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Südosteuropa ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Kreditgenossenschaft ; Südosteuropa ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Kreditgenossenschaft
    Abstract: - What has been achieved in rural finance and institutional reform during more than a decade of transition and what challenges remain? - What are the special needs of South Eastern European countries to attract agricultural credit and finance to their troubled agro-food sectors? - What should be the role of governments to facilitate the development of sustainable rural finance and credit systems? - How should the banking sector innovate to respond to significant transformations in farm ownership and production structure? - What are the advantages and perspectives of rural credit co-operatives? - What is the role of trade and manufacturer credit? - Can micro-finance be successful in helping to reduce rural credit constraints and stimulate rural development? These are some of the issues addressed in the proceedings of the OECD expert meeting: "Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies", held in Portoroz, Slovenia on 29-30 May 2001. Over 90 participants, including policy makers, government officials, bankers, agro-business, independent experts, and academics from 22 countries and international organisations focused on the special issues in this sector for South Eastern Europe, Russia and Ukraine. This book is part of the OECD's ongoing co-operation with non-Member economies around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195646-en
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    Innovation and Productivity in Services (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Information technology Economic aspects ; Australia ; Congresses ; Information technology Economic aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Service industries Technological innovations ; Australia ; Congresses ; Service industries Technological innovations ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Dienstleistungssektor ; Innovationsmanagement ; Dienstleistungssektor ; Innovationsmanagement
    Abstract: Services are the driving force in OECD economies, accounting for at least 70% of GNP in many countries. However, their potential contribution is hampered by government policies that were designed for manufacturing industries. This report shows that policies can be adapted to stimulate innovation and boost productivity in service sectors, with economy-wide benefits for employment and growth. Crucial in this regard are policies aimed at promoting the development of human capital/resources and stimulating competition in services within and between countries. Further regulatory reform is essential to achieve these goals. Governments must explore ways to strengthen the interface between innovative services and traditional industry sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189997-en
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    The Application of Biotechnology to Industrial Sustainability (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les biotechnologies au service de la durabilité industrielle
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Biotechnology Environmental aspects ; Enzymes Industrial applications ; Industrial microbiology ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; Industrie ; Biotechnologie ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: In more and more industrial sectors, companies are becoming aware of the importance of sustainable development and of the great potential of biotechnology. Biotechnology can help improve the environmental friendliness of industrial activities and lower both capital expenditure and operating costs. It can also help reduce raw material and energy inputs and waste. This volume brings together for the first time a broad collection of case studies on biotechnology applications in industrial processes and subjects them to detailed analysis in order to tease out essential lessons for industrial managers and for government policy makers. It will encourage the former and provide the latter with basic materials for programme development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195639-en
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    Trade in Services: Negotiating Issues and Approaches (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264194960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Commerce des services; questions et enjeux des négociations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Commerce des services: questions et enjeux des négociations
    RVK:
    QR 560
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services ; Dienstleistungssektor ; Handel ; Handelshemmnis ; Markttransparenz ; Liberalisierung
    Abstract: The services sector plays a vital infrastructure role in national economies, employs more people than other sectors, and is the most dynamic sector of world trade. New negotiations under the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services, which began in January 2000, offer an important opportunity to reap the benefits of greater openness in services markets worldwide. The papers in this volume, produced as part of the OECD Trade Directorate's services project, explore fundamental issues for the services negotiations: what are the barriers to trade in services? How can those barriers be addressed in negotiations to ensure meaningful results? How can services liberalisation be bolstered and underpinned by improved regulatory transparency? Ranging from the incidence and impact of economic needs tests, through quantitative and qualitative formulas for reducing the barriers to trade in services, to possible disciplines affording interested parties the opportunity to comment before regulations are enacted, this volume identifies and analyses innovative solutions to the challenges facing services negotiators.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264194960-en
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    Environmental Indicators for Agriculture : Methods and Results Volume 3 (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188556
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Méthodes et résultats Volume 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Méthodes et résultats Volume 3
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator
    Abstract: This book is the first comprehensive study to review and take stock in OECD countries of progress in developing indicators to measure the environmental performance of agriculture. Using standard indicator definitions and methods of calculation, the book provides results of the state and trends of environmental conditions in agriculture; interprets trends and highlights linkages between indicators; and, outlines the limitations and key challenges for their future development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188556-en
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  • 50
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    Enhancing SME Competitiveness : The OECD Bologna Ministerial Conference (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192560
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
    Abstract: What are the problems faced by SMEs in OECD countries and developing and transition economies in today’s globalising world? What are the framework conditions that influence SMEs’ incentives and capacities to innovate? What is the optimal role of public policy in consolidating and developing clusters? Are SMEs failing to capture the full benefits of e-commerce and if so, why? Which are the best-practice instruments for fostering co-operation and partnership between SMEs in OECD and non-OECD countries? The OECD Bologna Conference gathered Ministers, high-level policy makers and business representatives from more than 50 countries and 60 international organisations with a view to releasing the potential of SMEs and enhancing their access to global markets. The Bologna Ministerial Conference has contributed to putting SMEs at the forefront of the international policy agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192560-en
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    The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture : An Evaluation of its Implementation in OECD Countries (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192188
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Accord sur l'agriculture du cycle d'Uruguay ; Une évaluation de sa mise en oeuvre dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Accord sur l'agriculture du cycle d'Uruguay : Une évaluation de sa mise en oeuvre dans les pays de l'OCDE
    RVK:
    QM 200
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Uruguay ; OECD ; Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations ; Landwirtschaft ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) was a turning point in the reform of the agricultural trade system. It imposed disciplines on trade-distorting domestic policies and established new rules in the areas of market access and export competition. How effective have the three disciplines contained in the URAA been in bringing about a reduction in the level of production-related support and protection? Which elements of the disciplines have proved effective and which ineffective? What policy lessons can be drawn from the experience so far? What might be inferred about opportunities and challenges for further trade liberalisation? This report provides some answers to these questions for all OECD countries. A key conclusion of the report is that the immediate quantitative effects of the URAA on trade and protection levels have been modest. The reasons for this include the weakness of many specific features of the URAA including implementation and methodological issues. Countries have already embarked on a new round of multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture. The challenge facing policy makers is to build upon the foundation of the URAA to further reduce trade distortions. This requires strengthening the disciplines already established under the URAA and addressing those weaknesses of the current agreement which have been identified in this study.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192188-en
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  • 52
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    Innovative Networks : Co-operation in National Innovation Systems (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264195660
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (340 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    QP 210
    Keywords: Diffusion of innovations ; Industry and education ; Social networks ; Technological innovations International cooperation ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Technologiepolitik ; Innovation ; Unternehmenskooperation ; Netzwerk
    Abstract: This book analyses the role of networks in innovation and technology diffusion. It reviews policy initiatives to promote efficient networking in selected OECD countries, and draws the main implications for public policy. It provides both fresh conceptual insights and new factual information on this important mechanism of innovation-led growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264195660-en
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    Income Risk Management in Agriculture (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189584
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestion des risques en matière de revenu dans le secteur agricole
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Various risks affect the income and the welfare of farm households. A large number of strategies are available to deal specifically with income risk. They exist against a general background of widespread government intervention that modifies the risks faced by farmers. In the context of agricultural policy reform, a challenge for policy makers is to better define the role of public policy versus market-based mechanisms to deal with income risk in agriculture. The OECD workshop examined the various strategies used by farm households, in particular those attracting renewed interest such as diversification of income sources, vertical co-ordination, hedging on futures markets, insurance coverage and public safety-nets. It allowed participants from Member countries’ governments and private industries to share their experience. One of the main conclusions was that farmers, as managers, have the primary responsibility for risk management and that the optimal mix of tools and instruments depends on specific conditions. Government intervention in risk management, coming as a response to an identified market failure, should be in line with general reform principles shared by OECD Ministers for Agriculture, which include increasing the market orientation of agriculture and addressing legitimate domestic interests in ways that do not distort production and trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189584-en
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  • 54
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    Assessing the Environmental Effects of Trade Liberalisation Agreements : Methodologies (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180659
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung ; Umweltveränderung
    Abstract: How can the environmental effects of trade liberalisation agreements be assessed ? Are available methodologies sufficiently tuned to current concerns? In order to take stock of the state of the art in assessment methodologies, the OECD organised a two-day technical workshop to focus on past practice and new tools for assessing the environmental effects of trade agreements. Some two dozen experts from governments, international organisations, universities international organisations, universities and NGOs active in this area presented lessons from past practice and results of the considerable advances made in recent years. This volume brings together the papers presented during the two-day workshop by the invited experts and the comments from a range of governmental and international organisation practitioners and representatives of civil society who participated in the workshop. In addition to the presentations on methodologies, this book includes the workshop rapporteur's summary of the gaps in the existing research in this field.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180659-en
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  • 55
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    Measuring the Role of Tourism in OECD Economies : The OECD Manual on Tourism Satellite Accounts and Employment (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182318
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer le rôle du tourisme dans les pays de l'OCDE ; Manuel de l'OCDE sur les comptes satellites du tourisme et l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Measuring the role of tourism in OECD economies
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QQ 900
    RVK:
    QQ 925
    RVK:
    QR 562
    Keywords: Tourismuswirtschaft ; Tourismus ; Statistische Methode ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; OECD-Staaten ; Tourism Economic aspects ; Evaluation ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Tourism Economic aspects ; OECD countries ; Tourism Employees ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Tourism OECD countries ; Employees ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Tourismus
    Abstract: Tourism plays an increasingly important role in many OECD economies. How can its impact on the economy and its potential for job creation be measured? The Tourism Satellite Account and the Employment Module - two new economic instruments designed by the OECD’s Tourism Committee - provide insights into the socio-economic impact, structure and development of activities related to tourism. For the first time, Measuring the Role of Tourism in OECD Economies: The OECD Manual on Tourism Satellite Accounts and Employment reports on the most recent national experiences in implementing Tourism Satellite Accounts and presents the results of efforts made over the past decade to develop new methods to analyse tourism and tourism-related employment. Through its descriptions of the application of Tourism Satellite Accounts in 16 OECD countries, this new book aims to create awareness of the growing economic importance of tourism, and provides a methodology for the implementation of tools to measure the impact of tourism and for the interpretation of the results.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182318-en
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    OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Romania 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264187825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE ; Roumanie 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE : Roumanie 2000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Romania
    Abstract: This study of Romania’s agricultural policies analyses developments from the dramatic events of December 1989 to the present day preparations for accession to the European Union. The Review evaluates key structural issues and examines emerging policy developments in agricultural reform. It includes detailed estimates of support to agriculture, using the OECD’s Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs/CSEs). A special assessment measures the environmental performance of Romanian agriculture, including the nitrogen balance, against OECD-developed environmental indicators. The report concludes that a key priority for Romania is to remove constraints that impede the flow of labour from agriculture into activities with a higher value-added. Increasing the economic efficiency of the food chain as a whole is essential to enhance Romania’s competitiveness and improve the terms of trade for agricultural producers during the run-up to its EU accession and thereafter.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264187825-en
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    OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Bulgaria 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE ; Bulgarie 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE : Bulgarie 2000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: OECD's 2000 review of Bulgaria's agricultural policies. It finds that with open trade and few price-distorting policies, Bulgaria is well on the route to laying down a sound foundation for improving the efficiency and competitiveness of its agro-food sector in preparation for accession to the European Union. However, a number of challenges remain. These include: establishing a functioning land market, reducing excess capacity in the food processing sector and encouraging investment in the agro-food industry. Another high priority is to accelerate economic growth and the development of off-farm employment opportunities for those leaving agriculture. The Review analyses developments since the 40-year monopoly of the communist party ended in 1989. It evaluates key structural issues, examines emerging policy developments and provides detailed estimates of support to agriculture, using the OECD’s Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs/CSEs). The study also discusses current policy options for Bulgarian agriculture within the framework of the EU’s Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development (SAPARD). For those involved in central and eastern European agriculture and agro-food policies, markets and trade, the Review offers unique information and analysis. Policy-makers, businesses and researchers will find it an invaluable reference for a long time to come.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189768-en
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    The Service Economy (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Services are transforming OECD economies on a massive scale, but are still impeded by regulations and policies that stifle innovation and competition. Comprehensive reforms need to be pursued internationally as well as in individual OECD countries. These are the principal conclusions reached by participants in a Business and Industry Policy Forum organised by the OECD on 28 September 1999. The Forum was organised by the Industry Committee, partly to address the mandate of the OECD Ministerial to explain the differences which have emerged in growth performance among OECD countries. It brought together senior government officials, experts, and business and trade union leaders from 30 countries to address issues related to “Realising the Potential of the Service Economy: Facilitating Growth, Innovation and Competition”.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182516-en
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  • 59
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    Frameworks to Measure Sustainable Development : An OECD Expert Workshop (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: On the surface there is agreement, sustainable development refers to a broad set of issues, going beyond the relationship between the economy and the environment to encompass human and social concerns. Scratch the surface and you open a Pandora's box of differing notions of sustainability and means of achieving it. How can progress towards sustainable development be measured then? The major difficulty in developing indicators to track progress towards sustainable development is not the lack of data but rather the lack of frameworks to organise and synthesize existing information. This volume brings together a number of approaches to this question pursued in academia, national administrations and international organisations, as presented at an expert workshop held at the OECD headquarters in September 1999. These approaches include developments of the traditional national accounts system, construction of synthetic measures of sustainability such as "genuine savings", physical measures of material flows, and selections of indicators based on variants of the "pressure, state, response" model. This volume also reviews a number of initiatives undertaken within the OECD to monitor trends in the sustainability of specific sectors and sub-national areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180635-en
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  • 60
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    Issues Related to Article 14 of the OECD Model Tax Convention (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181236
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Issues in International Taxation no.7
    Series Statement: Issues in international taxation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Problèmes posés par l'Article 14 du Modèle de Convention fiscale de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Issues related to article 14 of the OECD model tax convention
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QL 418
    Keywords: Doppelbesteuerung ; Dienstleistung ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: The taxation of professional services and other activities of an independent character under Article 14 of the OECD Model Tax Convention is problematic. For example, what activities and entities fall within Article 14 as opposed to the business profits Article (Article 7)? Is the distinction between those activities and entities satisfactory and easy to apply? What are the practical differences between taxation under Article 7 and 14? This report analyses those questions in detail and concludes that there is no practical difference between the two Articles or if any differences did in fact exist, there is no valid policy justification for them. It recommends that Article 14 be eliminated from the Model and describes the changes that would need to be made to the Articles and Commentary of the Model as a consequence.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181236-en
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  • 61
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    Financing Newly Emerging Private Enterprises in Transition Economies (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Financing newly emerging private enterprises in transition economies
    RVK:
    QR 380
    Keywords: 00.01.1998 ; KMU ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Systemtransformation ; Risikokapital ; Bankgarantie ; Leasing ; Fremdkapital ; Osteuropa ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Osteuropa ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: Ten years into the transition, newly emerging private enterprises in transition economies, usually described as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the international context, have come to play an increasingly important role as the driving engines of economic growth and employment creation. Accordingly, the policy considerations for developing SMEs are becoming very urgent and important for transition economies, especially through facilitating financial mechanisms for them, as limited availability of financial resources is the largest hindrance to their development. This publication gathers the proceedings of the Second Workshop on "Financing Newly Emerging Private Enterprises in Transition Economies" which was organised in Paris under the aegis of the OECD’s Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members with the sponsorship of the Japanese Government. This volume contains in-depth studies on various schemes for financing these enterprises, including credit guarantees, leasing, venture capital and capital market operations, as well as public schemes. In addition, it provides detailed and comparative information on the situation of SME development and the policy measures towards it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180642-en
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  • 62
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    Transition to Responsible Fisheries : Economic and Policy Implications (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188020
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour des pêcheries responsables ; Implications économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Transition to responsible fisheries
    DDC: 333.95616
    RVK:
    ZD 43500
    Keywords: Fischerei ; Fischwirtschaft ; Fischereipolitik ; Branchenentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Fisheries Economic aspects ; Fishery policy ; Sustainable fisheries Government policy ; Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Fischwirtschaft ; Politik ; Wirtschaft ; Empfehlung
    Abstract: If the fishing industry is to survive in the long term, more responsible practices and approaches need to be adopted. This involves not only the industry’s own practices, but also public sector policies and in particular fisheries management approaches. This book identifies possible transition paths to responsible fisheries, assesses their consequences and provides policy recommendations on how to enhance prosperity in this sector.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Pour des pêcheries responsables
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188020-en
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  • 63
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    The Agro-food Processing Sector in China : Developments and Policy Challenges (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789164180292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The agro-food processing sector in China
    RVK:
    QS 200
    Keywords: 00.10.1999 ; Agroindustrie ; Agrarprodukt ; Ernährungsindustrie ; China ; Agricultural industries China ; Congresses ; Food industry and trade China ; Congresses ; Produce trade China ; Congresses ; Agriculture and Food ; Economics ; China, People’s Republic ; China Foreign economic relations ; Congresses ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Lebensmittelindustrie ; China ; Agrarprodukt ; Industrie ; China ; Agrarproduktion
    Abstract: China’s food processing sector has arrived at a decisive stage. While primary agriculture has continued to expand at an astounding pace and final consumers have experienced an extended period of rapid income growth, progress at the intermediary stage, the agro-processing sector, has remained limited. Today, a growing need to catch up with these developments has become manifest, but a number of challenges have emerged simultaneously. They include the need to adjust to increasingly diversified consumer demands, to improve the quality and nutritional content of foods, to introduce new food products, to shift to more sophisticated processing methods, to adopt innovative packaging methods, and to comply with new labelling requirements. These developments give rise to a number of questions. What do these changes mean for China’s food processors? Is China’s agriculture adequately prepared for these changes? How can farmers take advantage of these changes? What structural adjustments are needed to meet the challenges arising from the changes in domestic and international food markets? The papers in this Proceedings document try to answer these and many other important questions revolving around changes in, and challenges for, China’s agro-processing sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789164180292-en
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