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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Digital adoption during COVID-19 : Cross-country evidence from microdata (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2024/03
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented global economic downturn, affecting productivity, business dynamics, and digital technology adoption. Using a comprehensive commercial database from Spiceworks Ziff Davis, this study analyses the firm-level drivers of digitalisation during the pandemic across 20 European countries. The findings show that a considerable share of firms introduced new digital technologies during the COVID-19 crisis. Notably, firms that were larger, more digitalised, and more productive before the pandemic were more likely to introduce new digital technologies in 2020 and 2021. Additionally, firms with pre-existing complementary technologies had a higher likelihood of adopting digital applications that gained momentum during the pandemic (such as digital commerce, collaborative software, cloud, and analytics). These patterns may increase polarisation among the best-performing firms and the rest of the business population. Public policy can play a key role in fostering an inclusive digital transformation in the post-pandemic era.
    DOI: 10.1787/f63ca261-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Driving low-carbon innovations for climate neutrality (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.143
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: The transition to climate neutrality requires cost reductions in existing clean technologies to enable rapid deployment on a large scale, as well as the development of emerging technologies such as green hydrogen. This policy paper argues that science, technology, innovation, and industrial (STI&I) policies focusing on developing and deploying low-carbon technologies are crucial to achieving carbon neutrality. It notes however that the current level of innovation is insufficient to meet the net-zero challenge due to a policy emphasis on deployment rather than research and development (R&D) support. The paper explores the rationale for more ambitious STI&I policies targeted at R&D for climate neutrality and provides policy recommendations for an effective innovation policy for net-zero, including its interaction with the broader climate policy package.
    DOI: 10.1787/8e6ae16b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Employment dynamics across firms during COVID-19 : The role of job retention schemes (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1788
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses employment dynamics across firms during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of job retention schemes (JRS) in shaping these dynamics. It relies on a novel collection of high-frequency harmonised micro-aggregated statistics, computed using administrative data on employment and wages from electronic payroll records across 12 countries linked to monthly information on policy support during COVID-19, as well as on a new indicator of JRS de-jure generosity. The analysis highlights four key findings: i) the employment adjustment margins varied over time, adjusting mainly through the intensive margin in 2020, while both the intensive and the extensive margins contributed to employment changes in 2021; ii) the reallocation process remained productivity enhancing, although to a lower extent on average compared to 2019; iii) JRS were successful in their purpose of cushioning the effect of the crisis on employment growth and firm survival; iv) JRS support did not distort the productivity-enhancing nature of reallocation.
    DOI: 10.1787/33388537-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Gender diversity in senior management and firm productivity : Evidence from nine OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Productivity Working Papers no.34
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the link between gender diversity in senior management and firm-level productivity. For this purpose, it constructs a novel cross-country dataset with information on firms’ senior management group and other firm characteristics, covering both publicly listed and unlisted firms in manufacturing and non-financial market services across nine OECD countries. The main result from the analysis is that productivity gains from increasing gender diversity in senior management are highest among firms with low initial diversity. Increasing the female share to the sample average of 20% in firms with initially lower shares would increase aggregate productivity by around 0.6%. This suggests that improving women’s access to senior management positions matters not only for equity but could yield significant productivity gains.
    DOI: 10.1787/58ad664a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Quantifying industrial strategies across nine OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.150
    Schlagwort(e): Industriepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Industrial policy has resurfaced prominently in academic and policy discussions in the wake of major shocks and long-term trends. However, quantifying industrial strategies across countries remains difficult. The ‘Quantifying Industrial Strategies’ (QuIS) project measures industrial policy expenditures by gathering and harmonising publicly available data, based on a new methodology. This report summarises the composition of industrial strategies in the first nine participating countries in terms of expenditures, priorities, and policy instruments for the period 2019-21. The report finds that industrial policies are sizeable, with 1.5% of GDP in grants and tax expenditures, and with an important heterogeneity across countries in terms of strategic priorities; industrial strategies mainly rely on sectoral instruments, representing on average 29% of grants and tax expenditures; and green instruments are important and rose significantly in six out of nine countries between 2019 and 2021.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f2dcc8e-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Emerging trends in AI skill demand across 14 OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.2
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses the demand for positions that require skills needed to develop or work with AI systems across 14 OECD countries between 2019 and 2022. It finds that, despite rapid growth in the demand for AI skills, AI-related online vacancies comprised less than 1% of all job postings and were predominantly found in sectors such as ICT and Professional Services. Skills related to Machine Learning were the most sought after. The US-focused part of the study reveals a consistent demand for socio-emotional, foundational, and technical skills across all AI employers. However, leading firms – those who posted the most AI jobs – exhibited a higher demand for AI professionals combining technical expertise with leadership, innovation, and problem-solving skills, underscoring the importance of these competencies in the AI field.
    DOI: 10.1787/7c691b9a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    What technologies are at the core of AI? : An exploration based on patent data (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.6
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report outlines a new methodology and provides a first exploratory analysis of technologies and applications that are at the core of recent advances in AI. Using AI-related keywords and technology classes, the study identifies AI-related patents protected in the United States in 2000-18. Among those, “core” AI patents are selected based on their counts of AI-related forward citations. The analysis finds that, compared to other (AI and non-AI) patents, they are more original and general, and tend to be broader in technological scope. Technologies related to general AI, robotics, computer/image vision and recognition/detection are consistently listed among core AI patents, with autonomous driving and deep learning having recently become more prominent. Finally, core AI patents tend to spur innovation across AI-related domains, although some technologies – likely AI applications, such as autonomous driving or robotics – appear to increasingly contribute to developments in their own field.
    DOI: 10.1787/32406765-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    An industrial policy framework for OECD countries : Old debates, new perspectives (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (53 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.127
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The debate on industrial policy has made a comeback in both academic and policy circles. Yet, no consensus exists on an industrial policy paradigm and the absence of a common reference framework unduly obfuscates the debate – even which interventions are to be considered “industrial policy” is not clear-cut. Against this background, this paper proposes a coherent framework for analysing the formulation of industrial policy, relying on a purposefully broad definition of the latter. Leveraging the proposed framework and a companion paper which synthetises the available empirical evidence, this paper stresses the complementarities between policy instruments, thereby justifying the use of industrial strategies, acknowledges the role of targeted industrial strategies, which can direct technological change and growth, and of demand-side instruments, which can contribute to transformative industrial change, but calls for a stronger emphasis on evaluation and the regular re-assessment of targeted industrial strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/0002217c-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Micro-data based insights on trends in business R&D performance and funding : Findings from the OECD microBeRD+ project (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2022/04
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report presents new insights on trends in business R&D performance and funding, drawing on the micro-aggregated R&D and tax relief statistics collected for 21 OECD countries as part of the OECD microBeRD project. Micro-aggregated statistics provide an important input for policy analysis, highlighting important variations in business R&D performance and funding across industries and different types of firms that are hard to uncover based on aggregate R&D and tax relief statistics. They shed light on country and industry specific trends in the concentration of R&D activity, business R&D dynamics, the structure of R&D performance among different types of firms and the way that they fund their R&D activities. Such evidence can be relevant in assessing the contribution of different types of firms (e.g. young firms, foreign-controlled affiliates) and individuals (e.g. female R&D staff, doctorate holders) to research and development in the business sector and designing business R&D support policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/4805d3f5-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Are industrial policy instruments effective? : A review of the evidence in OECD countries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (56 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.128
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: While the case for industrial policy is gaining traction across OECD countries, little consensus exists on the effectiveness of such interventions. Building on a new analytical framework for industrial policy developed in a companion paper, this paper reviews the empirical literature on the effectiveness of industrial policy instruments, laying out the knowns and unknowns. Overall, it strongly supports the premise that well-designed economic incentives for firms and good framework conditions shaping the business environment are effective. At the same time, it emphasises the limited and inconclusive nature of the evidence regarding the increasingly frequent targeted and demand-side instruments. Finally, it underlines the complementarities between economic incentives and other interventions such as skill policies or framework conditions, notably competition and trade policies. Framework conditions are indeed key in enabling the most productive firms to grow and an important channel for structural change.
    DOI: 10.1787/57b3dae2-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Pro-Productivity institutions at work : Country practices and new insights on their set-up and functioning (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Productivity Working Papers no.32
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: In the face of slowing productivity growth, a number of OECD countries have set up pro-productivity institutions to produce objective evidence and data on productivity trends and growth drivers and help inform pro-productivity policies and interventions. The paper presents a new analytical framework to analyse the key characteristics of these pro-productivity institutions. The framework draws on a comprehensive stocktaking of pro-productivity institutions and applied policy advice work aimed at supporting capabilities and mutual learning across these institutions. The paper finds that pro-productivity institutions rely on a variety of set-ups and approaches to contribute to pro-productivity policies. Despite this variety, the paper does point to some lessons that can help pro-productivity institutions to continuously strengthen their capabilities. In particular, the paper highlights the importance of guaranteeing the analytical independence of pro-productivity institutions and access to micro-level data on firms and workers to inform policies and interventions with objective data and evidence. The paper opens a new line of research on the political economy of productivity policies that can support countries ensure the effective implementation of policies aimed at enhancing incomes and living standards.
    DOI: 10.1787/f5a3a2df-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Quantifying industrial strategies (QuIS) : Measuring industrial policy expenditures (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2022/05
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Industrial policy is sparking renewed interest across OECD member countries and partner economies. However, amidst an increasing number of objectives for industrial policy, and despite the availability of information on countries’ strategies and plans, it remains difficult to properly measure and compare resources spent on industrial policies and identify countries’ strategic priorities. The lack of a cross-country comparable source of information on resources dedicated to industrial policy partly results from the absence of a common methodology to account for industrial policy expenditures. This paper provides a new methodology for reporting industrial policy expenditure in a comparable way across countries. It is the first deliverable of the “Quantifying Industrial Strategies” project, which aims at measuring industrial policy expenditures across OECD countries and will gather harmonised data on industrial policy expenditures, their composition, and their mode of delivery.
    DOI: 10.1787/ae351abf-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    New evidence on intangibles, diffusion and productivity (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2021/10
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents new evidence on the impact of intangible capital on productivity dispersion within industries. It first shows that rise in productivity dispersion after 2000 is more pronounced in intangible-intensive industries; then analyses the link between intangible capital intensity and productivity dispersion both at the top and at the bottom of the productivity distribution, and in different industries. The findings suggest that industries that have experienced a stronger increase in intangible investment have also seen a steeper rise in productivity dispersion both at the top and at the bottom of the productivity distribution. While the results at the top seem to be associated with the scalability of intangible capital – which is likely to disproportionally benefit high-productivity firms and incumbents – dispersion at the bottom appears to be linked to complementarities between intangible investment and factors like digital intensity, trade openness and venture capital.
    DOI: 10.1787/de0378f3-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The firm-level link between productivity dispersion and wage inequality : A symptom of low job mobility? (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2021/02
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Differences in average wages across firms – which account for around one-half of overall wage inequality – are mainly explained by differences in firm wage premia (the part of wages that depends exclusively on characteristics of firms) rather than workforce composition. Using a new cross-country dataset of linked employer-employee data, this paper investigates the role of cross-firm dispersion in productivity in explaining dispersion in firm wage premia, as well as the factors shaping the link between productivity and wages at the firm level. The results suggest that around 15% of cross-firm differences in productivity are passed on to differences in firm wage premia. The degree of pass-through is systematically larger in countries and industries with more limited job mobility, where low-productivity firms can afford to pay lower wage premia relative to high-productivity ones without a substantial fraction of workers quitting their jobs. Stronger product market competition raises pass-through while more centralised bargaining and higher minimum wages constrain firm-level wage setting at any given level of productivity dispersion. From a policy perspective, the results suggest that the key priority should be to promote job mobility, which would reduce wage differences between firms while easing the efficient reallocation of workers across them.
    DOI: 10.1787/882a4055-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Intangibles and industry concentration : Supersize me (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2021/12
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents new evidence on the growing scale of big businesses in the United States, Japan, and Europe. It finds broad evidence of rising industry concentration across the majority of countries and sectors over the period 2002 to 2014. Rising concentration is strongly associated with intensive investment in intangibles, particularly innovative assets, software, and data. This relationship appears to be stronger in more globalised and digital-intensive industries. The results are consistent with intangibles disproportionately benefiting large firms and enabling them to scale up and increase market shares. We find nuanced implications of these new business models for competition – rising markups and reduced churning amongst the top firms, but falling industry prices.
    DOI: 10.1787/ce813aa5-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The role of telework for productivity during and post-COVID-19 : Results from an OECD survey among managers and workers (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Productivity Working Papers no.31
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Motivated by the sudden adoption of telework in the wake of the COVID 19 pandemic, the Global Forum on Productivity (GFP) undertook an online survey among managers and workers in 25 countries about their experience and expectations, with a particular focus on productivity and well-being. This paper presents analysis and results from this endeavour. It finds that managers and workers had an overall positive assessment from teleworking both for firm performance and for individual well-being, and wish to increase substantially the share of regular teleworkers from pre-crisis levels. Respondents, on average, find that the ideal amount of telework is around 2-3 days per week, in line with other recent evidence and with the idea that the benefits (e.g., less commuting, fewer distractions) and costs (e.g., impaired communication and knowledge flows) need to be balanced at an intermediate level of telework intensity. To meet the challenges of this “hybrid” working mode, as the survey finds, further changes from management are needed, such as the co-ordination of schedules to encourage a sufficient degree of in-person interaction, and further investment in ICT tools and skills as well as more soft skills to master online communication.
    DOI: 10.1787/7fe47de2-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The human side of productivity : Uncovering the role of skills and diversity for firm productivity (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Productivity Working Papers no.29
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Relying on linked employer-employee datasets from 10 countries, this paper documents that the skills and the diversity of the workforce and of managers – the human side of businesses – account on average for about one third of the labour productivity gap between firms at the productivity “frontier” (the top 10% within each detailed industry) and medium performers at the 40-60 percentile of the productivity distribution. The composition of skills, especially the share of high skills, varies the most along the productivity distribution, but low and medium skilled employees make up a substantial share of the workforce even at the frontier. High skills show positive but decreasing productivity returns. Moreover, the skill mix of top firms varies markedly across countries, pointing to the role of different strategies pursued by firms in different policy environments. We also find that managerial skills play a particularly important role, also through complementarities with worker skills. Gender and cultural diversity among managers – and to a lesser extent, among workers – is positively related to firm productivity as well. We discuss public policies that can facilitate the catch-up of firms below the frontier through skills and diversity. These cover a wide range of areas, exerting their influence through three main channels: the supply, upgrading and the matching across firms (the SUM) of skills and other human factors.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f391ba9-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The firm-level link between productivity dispersion and wage inequality: A symptom of low job mobility? (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1656
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Differences in average wages across firms – which account for around one-half of overall wage inequality – are mainly explained by differences in firm wage premia (the part of wages that depends exclusively on characteristics of firms) rather than workforce composition. Using a new cross-country dataset of linked employer-employee data, this paper investigates the role of cross-firm dispersion in productivity in explaining dispersion in firm wage premia, as well as the factors shaping the link between productivity and wages at the firm level. The results suggest that around 15% of cross-firm differences in productivity are passed on to differences in firm wage premia. The degree of pass-through is systematically larger in countries and industries with more limited job mobility, where low-productivity firms can afford to pay lower wage premia relative to high-productivity ones without a substantial fraction of workers quitting their jobs. Stronger product market competition raises pass-through while more centralised bargaining and higher minimum wages constrain firm-level wage setting at any given level of productivity dispersion. From a policy perspective, the results suggest that the key priority should be to promote job mobility, which would reduce wage differences between firms while easing the efficient reallocation of workers across them.
    DOI: 10.1787/4c6131e3-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Road Safety Performance : National Peer Review: Lithuania (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123201
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (95 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Lithuania
    Kurzfassung: The European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) has adopted a new approach to strengthening its work on road safety. It is now working to contribute more effectively to the debate on the improvement of road safety policies by conducting peer reviews of the measures and policies enacted by member countries. Lithuania is the first country to undertake this type of review in the safety field. This review, carried out by experts from Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden and the ECMT Secretariat, is an effective way for Lithuania to openly examine its policies and practices through detailed expert comment, discussion and insight on its activities. The peer review process is used extensively within the OECD and its affiliated organisations, always originating at the request of the country being reviewed. Apart from providing an open appraisal of national policies, the review process should help relevant Ministries obtain needed resources and implement effective policies and practice.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123201-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Reforming Transport Taxes (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103197
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (197 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La réforme des taxes et des redevances dans les transports
    DDC: 336.278388094
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the economic principles for efficient systems of taxation and provides a framework for international comparisons of transport taxes and charges. It investigates the price and tax changes likely to result from the reform of transport charges to maximise efficiency, and their impact on motorists, hauliers and users of other transport services. The report also assesses the impact of national differences in taxation on the competitiveness of hauliers internationally.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103197-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 21
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    ECMT Annual Report 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123171
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2003
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This ECMT Annual Report 2003 provides information on the different modal and horizontal activities where ECMT tries to make a contribution to improving international policy reflection and formulation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123171-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 22
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    European Integration of Rail Freight Transport (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113219
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.125
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'intégration européenne des transports ferroviaires de marchandises
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: The Round Table looks at how the European railway landscape is being reshaped. In doing so, it presents lessons which stand to benefit transport policy throughout Europe.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113219-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 23
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    Multinationals and U.S. Productivity Leadership : Evidence from Great Britain (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/05
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: US plant level studies show US multinational enterprises (MNE) are more productive than other MNEs. This could reflect US productivity leadership or could be due to the ease in which US firms operate in their home surroundings. The evidence would therefore be more compelling if US firms were leaders outside the US. We study the productivity of plants owned by US firms located in the UK. Our study differs from many studies of foreign owned plants in three ways. Firstly, using a newly available dataset we can identify not only foreign but also domestic MNEs. We find that UK MNEs are less productive than US owned plants, but as productive as non US foreign owned plants. Secondly, having a panel dataset we distinguish between different hypotheses regarding the nature of the US and MNE advantage. We find strong evidence that the US advantage lies in the ability to takeover already productive plants. Whereas we find some evidence for a shared asset effect for MNEs in general we do not find any evidence that the US advantage is driven by superior shares assets. Thirdly, this paper features a novel approach to TFP calculation.
    DOI: 10.1787/125181786028
    URL: Volltext
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  • 24
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    Transport and Spatial Policies : The Role of Regulatory and Fiscal Incentives (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123232
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.124
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Politiques spatiales et transports ; Le rôle des incitations réglementaires et fiscales
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Politiques spatiales et transports : Le rôle des incitations réglementaires et fiscales
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This ECMT Round Table contains four papers that show how a disconnect between transport policy planning and spatial policy planning and measures have curtailed the effectiveness of transport policy. The papers discuss ways to overcome the lack of coordination between transport and spatial policies and formulate proposals on how fiscal incentives can help to avoid the failure of interjurisdictional co-ordination.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123232-en
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  • 25
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    An Emerging Knowledge-Based Economy in China? : Indicators from OECD Databases (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 77 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/04
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: This paper shows that China is catching up rapidly with other dynamic Asian economies and the Triad economies on a score of indicators relating to the knowledge-based economy. Taking into account that a number of measurement issues hamper international comparability to varying degrees, some of the main results are the following. • Economic growth in China has outpaced the other economies substantially. Nevertheless, GDP per capita is still considerably smaller than that of the other economies. • The main contributor to GDP in China is industry (mining; manufacturing; electricity, gas and water supply; and construction), which saw its share rise by 10 percentage points to 52% between 1990 and 2002. • Trade in goods as a percentage of GDP doubled between 1990 and 2002, reaching a level well above that of the Triad economies. The largest contribution to this expansion was made by...
    DOI: 10.1787/256502026705
    URL: Volltext
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  • 26
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    Improving Access to Public Transport (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113257
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Améliorer l'accès aux transports publics
    DDC: 362.4/0483
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: One of the key barriers to improving urban public transport access has been a lack of co-ordination between local authorities and public transport operators. The European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) and the International Association of Public Transport (UITP) have joined forces to examine how public authorities and transport operators can better work together to improve urban public transport vehicles, systems, and associate infrastructure. This report is the fruit of a joint ECMT-UITP task force. It explores how improved co-operation between transport operators and local authorities — along with a close sustained dialogue with members of the disabled community — can ensure better accessibility to public transport. With a focus on four cities: Gothenburg, Grenoble, Prague and Liverpool, the report identifies the critical elements of partnerships between public authorities at different levels of government and public transport operators.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113257-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 27
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    Regulatory Reform of Railways in Russia (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123119
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La réforme de la réglementation des chemins de fer en Russie
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Regulatory Reform of Railways in Russia (Russian version)
    DDC: 385/.0947
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Russian Federation ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: In this report, some of the world's leading experts in rail regulation examine the restructuring of the sector, focusing on tariff reform and the introduction of competition in one of the world's largest rail networks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123119-en
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  • 28
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    ECMT Annual Report 2002 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113080
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (55 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2002
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This brochure describes the activities of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) during 2002. It also sets out the Resolutions approved by the Council of Ministers of Transport and presents the highlights of the year. It includes an organigramme, contact details for the Secretariat and information on the ECMT member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113080-en
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  • 29
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    Transport and Exceptional Public Events (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113066
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (340 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.122
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transport et manifestations exceptionnelles
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: The Round Table examined large-scale sporting, cultural and festive events in Europe and the rest of the world, and noted that setting ambitious targets contributes to the quality of the event. Almost every experience is unique and one of the main conclusions of the Round Table is that a record should be kept of each event with regard to its organisation and staging requirements. In this way, an event “memory” could be built up and made available to any would-be event organiser. The Round Table is the first stage in this process.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113066-en
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  • 30
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    Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies : National Reviews (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103067
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transports urbains durables; la mise en oeuvre des politiques ; Examens nationaux
    DDC: 388.091732
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the experiences of eleven European countries (including Russia) and the United States in designing and implementing sustainable urban transport policies. A series of national reports are included with a synthetic analysis that draws lessons on the design of successful policies, appropriate institutional and financial frameworks and innovative partnerships for effective consultation and committed implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103067-en
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  • 31
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    Fifty Years of Transport Policy : Successes, Failures and New Challenges (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103159
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Cinquante ans de politique des transports ; Succès, échecs et nouveaux défis
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Fifty Years of Transport Policy (Russian version); Successes, Failures and New Challenges
    DDC: 388
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Electronic books ; Europa ; Verkehrspolitik
    Kurzfassung: Transport policy may well have reached a turning point. New incentives, new pricing, and new instruments to better manage investment and demand are required. This publication outlines a number of strategic directions for transport policy in the coming years. It also contains a summary paper presented at the 87th ministerial session which also marked the ECMT 50th anniversary.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103159-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 32
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    Managing the Fundamental Drivers of Transport Demand (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113776
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Gérer les déterminants de la demande de transport
    DDC: 388.0941
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: The aim of the International Seminar was to review the key determinants of transport demand, both inside and outside the field of traditional transport Ministry responsibilities, and to identify measures for influencing these key factors. Debate at the seminar between stakeholders in the transport and environment communities revealed a large measure of agreement on the importance of demand management and on the instruments that should be employed. A small number of cases of good practice were identified in integrated transport, land use planning and charging for the use of infrastructure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113776-en
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  • 33
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    Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies : Final Report (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282112892
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (70 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transports urbains durables; la mise en oeuvre des politiques ; Rapport final
    RVK:
    QR 860
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Stadtverkehr ; Verkehrspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Stadtverkehr ; Verkehrsplanung ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Kurzfassung: There is widespread agreement that in order to bring about sustainable travel in urban areas, flexible, integrated policy packages are needed that send the right signals to urban land use and transport markets. The project on Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies conducted by the ECMT has shown that actually implementing integrated policy packages for sustainable urban travel is easier said than done for a great number of cities in ECMT and OECD countries. While in most countries, urban land use and travel policies are defined and implemented at the local or regional levels, there is growing recognition that national governments can improve chances for implementation of integrated policy packages by providing for a flexible, sectorally integrated policy framework that sends the right messages to regions and cities via policy incentives and project financing. This report examines the ways in which national governments can act as catalysts for sustainable travel practices on a local level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282112892-en
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  • 34
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    ECMT Annual Report 2001 (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282112946
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (55 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2001
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2001
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This brochure describes the activities of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) during 2001. It also sets out the Resolutions and Reports approved by the Council of Ministers of Transport and presents the highlights of the year. It includes an organigramme, contact details for the Secretariat and information on the ECMT member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282112946-en
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  • 35
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    What Role for the Railways in Eastern Europe? (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282112922
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.120
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Quel rôle pour les chemins de fer en Europe de l'Est ?
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Facing the collapse of their business and stiff competition from road transport, Eastern European railways are in a critical financial situation. Railway restructuring is a must, but where circumstances in each country are so different there can be no “one size fits all” solution. Nevertheless, some guidelines for restructuring are emerging. The strategies to be implemented will involve both governments and the railway companies themselves. Separating infrastructure from operations, for instance, could be a good model provided infrastructure usage is priced efficiently. Concessions should be granted for local and regional passenger services. Freight transport issues have to be addressed at a European level - and open access should be the fundamental rule along with encouraging new market entrants. Privatising the railways is probably not a prerequisite; their independence, however, is essential. Their management should be exactly the same as that of any other commercial company on the market and they should have appropriate management tools. Railways should focus their investment on new technologies and automation, difficult problems with reducing overstaffing can be resolved only with government co-operation. Based on a review of the strengths and weaknesses of the railways in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe and in the Commonwealth of Independent States, this Round Table comes to a series of inescapable conclusions for anyone wishing to address these issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282112922-en
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  • 36
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    Transport and Economic Development (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282112977
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.119
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transport et développement économique
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: The linkage between transport and economic development is a highly contentious issue which has generated considerable debate and an abundant literature. There is a firmly-held belief among politicians that investment in transport infrastructure promotes economic development and, by extension, employment. However, this belief is not borne out by scientific analysis, which would seem to indicate that the impact of this type of investment on employment and economic development remains limited, at least in developed countries, and at the purely regional level can even prove negative. The Round Table set out to clarify this issue by analysing the arguments for and against the presumed linkage between "transport infrastructure" and "economic development". This provided a basis on which it could draw conclusions regarding the evaluation methods of investment commonly used. The debate ended with a review of the basic policy issue of whether or not a link existed between transport and economic growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282112977-en
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  • 37
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    Managing Commuters' Behaviour : A New Role for Companies (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113004
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.121
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Gérer les déplacements du personnel ; Un nouveau rôle pour l'entreprise
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Gérer les déplacements du personnel : Un nouveau rôle pour l'entreprise
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Encouraging wage earners to use public transport has a vital role to play in meeting environmental objectives, particularly the challenge of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Changing people's behaviour calls for action in the workplace and one option open to employers is to recruit mobility managers whose task is to help reduce employees' dependence on private car use. Governments can support such initiatives by running information campaigns, by publishing practical guides to incentive schemes and by harmonising regulatory and fiscal frameworks. Round Table 121 was devoted to this innovative topic and opened with a discussion of the provision of free parking facilities to company employees in the United States, a practice that has many knock-on effects and ramifications. One solution is for companies to replace free parking with cash-out schemes under which financial benefits are given to employees who choose not to make use of their free parking space. The Round Table then proceeded to consider several examples of employee mobility schemes in Europe, and ended by drawing conclusions of interest to local, regional and national authorities. This Round Table makes a key contribution to continuing efforts to chart a course of action directed towards achieving the goal of sustainable transport.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113004-en
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  • 38
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    Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies : Key Messages for Governments (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033948
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transports urbains durables ; la mise en oeuvre des politiques ; Messages-clés pour les gouvernements
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transports urbains durables : la mise en oeuvre des politiques : Messages-clés pour les gouvernements
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This booklet sets out recommendations to Governments on Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies. These recommendations are the result of a three-year study which was designed to identify why sustainable urban travel strategies have proven so difficult for countries to implement. The findings and conclusions of the project are published separately in the publication entitled Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies: Final Report. These key messages for governments describe how countries and cities can begin to bridge the gap between policy recommendations and their implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033948-en
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  • 39
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    Tolls on Interurban Road Infrastructure: An Economic Evaluation (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282112953
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.118
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les péages sur les infrastructures routières interurbaines ; Une évaluation économique
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les péages sur les infrastructures routières interurbaines : Une évaluation économique
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Strictly speaking, tolls are not a modern invention. Tolling is, in fact, an ancient tradition, with its origins rooted in history. Tolling has served numerous and wide-ranging purposes across the ages. While initially providing right of way, tolls were later used to finance the building and maintenance of infrastructure, before becoming a means of internalising external costs and managing demand. Nowadays, two main arguments are put forward for the introduction of tolls: to meet funding requirements and to respond to society’s desire for efficient use of infrastructure. However, as this Round Table shows, tolls are not a universal panacea and the introduction of road tolls is a politically delicate issue. The Round Table provides a broad view of both the theoretical aspects of tolling and the practical problems posed by its introduction. It takes a scientific look at what is a burning issue, at a time when a number of countries are envisaging the widespread adoption of electronic tolls.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282112953-en
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  • 40
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    Road Freight Transport for Own Account in Europe (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282112830
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.115
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le transport routier de marchandises pour compte propre en Europe
    RVK:
    QR 850
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Europa ; Straßengüterverkehr
    Kurzfassung: Road freight transport for own account represents a major share of inland transport in Europe and, depending on the country concerned, accounts for two to five times the tonnage carried by rail. Despite its importance, however, own account transport tends to be overlooked since it is not regarded as a logistics activity, whereas it is, in fact, a vital transport function that is changing radically as firms increasingly outsource their distribution activities to commercial hauliers. The scale of road freight transport for own account, the impact of regulatory changes and the future of the sector are the themes addressed in the introductory reports and the experts’ discussions outlined in this publication.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282112830-en
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  • 41
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    Land Access to Sea Ports (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282112809
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.113
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La desserte terrestre des ports maritimes
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Seehafen ; Verkehrsanbindung ; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, the substantial expansion in containerisation, the advent of megacarriers, the race for ever larger container-ships and higher-volume flows, have revolutionised intercontinental transport. These changes have entailed considerable reductions in maritime transport costs, which has made distant countries extremely accessible. The most costly component of the international traffic transport chain is now the inland leg, which explains why forwarders are so keen to gain control over inland transport operations. On land, road is the dominant mode, but with infrastructure congestion, rail and inland waterways also have a part to play. Under what conditions could these last two modes capture a larger share of inland transport? Rail cannot be really competitive without a dedicated freight network, and inland waterways will only get to play a significant role if transhipment costs are cut. Couldn’t greater competition within these two modes generate productivity gains and better quality services? The Round Table provided the opportunity to address the whole issue of competitiveness in inland transport modes and identified guidelines on land access to ports for policy-makers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282112809-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Economic Evaluation of Road Traffic Safety Measures (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282112861
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.117
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Evaluation économique des mesures de sécurité routière
    DDC: 388.312
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Electronic books ; Straßenverkehr ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Wirtschaftlichkeit ; Bewertung
    Kurzfassung: In economic appraisals of road safety measures, determining which method to use for the valuation of those measures is a problem. There are two methods open to us. Remarkably, one accurately measures a non-relevant concept (the human capital method), while the other measures the correct parameter, but not very accurately (the willingness-to-pay method). The Round Table examined the many complementary aspects of the two and found that what was needed, above all, were practical guides for each method. The Round Table noted that values for human life are highly comparable from one mode of transport to another, concluding that this should encourage governments to take charge of safety with the same forcefulness whatever the mode of transport. It also found that spending on road safety was already adequate, but that the money was not 'wisely' spent. Arguably the proposals put forward by this Round Table were unconventional. For instance, it held that difficulties in producing major changes in driver behaviour signalled that more attention should be paid to educational measures and infrastructure investment. This publication reviews the road safety policies and their economic evaluation. At a time when the authorities in many countries are beginning to set still more ambitious targets for those policies, the Round Table highlights the need for measures that are effective over the long term and economically efficient.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282112861-en
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Transport of Waste Products (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282112854
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.116
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les transports de déchets
    DDC: 363.728
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Electronic books ; Abfall ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: With the treatment of waste set to increase -- since the volume of waste is closely related to economic growth -- waste transport will be a major challenge in the future. This raises several issues. Should transport regulations be made more stringent and their implementation reviewed? Should the proximity principle -- incorporated in the regulations in the interests of environmental protection -- be questioned, since it prevents the consolidation of flows in sufficient volume to make the most environmentally-friendly modes of transport viable? The environmental performance of waste transport can be established only within the framework of an overall approach which incorporates all waste treatment routes. We must indeed be wary of seemingly good ideas such as "waste transport must be restricted" or "recycling is the best solution". The closure of landfills or reprocessing could well lead to a large increase in waste transport. The Round Table picks up on these issues and uses the cases of different countries to examine, in turn, developments in the waste transport sector and the statistical problems encountered in trying to understand them, the regulations applicable to the modes of transport used and their environmental performance, focusing closely on the difficulties created by the current modal split in this sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282112854-en
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  • 44
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regular Interurban Coach Services in Europe (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282112786
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.114
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les services réguliers interurbains d'autocars en Europe
    DDC: 375
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Electronic books ; Europa ; Omnibuslinienverkehr ; Internationaler Verkehr
    Kurzfassung: Although deregulation is well under way in the transport sector, regular coach services are still largely regulated. Governments see them as potentially competing with rail transport services. However, in countries that have had some experience with deregulation the outcome has clearly been positive (except for local short-distance services). The Round Table began with a review of regular interurban coach services based on case studies in countries which had adopted an original approach. This report shows the industry in a totally new light. One of its main findings is that there is a specific market for customers that have no other means of transport. Opening up this market would benefit the most economically disadvantaged sectors of the population. But that is not the only lesson to be learned from this Round Table.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282112786-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Transport and Ageing of the Population (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264187733
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.112
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transport et vieillissement de la population
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Advances in medicine make the ageing of populations in developed countries inevitable. These populations, however, will exhibit new and different characteristics, particularly in the transport sector as, unlike previous generations, they will have made widespread use of the car. How will they meet their travel needs in the future? Until now rail transport, unlike car or bus transport, has been losing its elderly clientele. Can this trend be reversed? For the frail elderly, whose needs are similar to those of the disabled, suitable services have yet to be set up. How can the mobility needs of the frail elderly, whose population is destined to grow, be met in the future? The dispersal of residential areas and the concentration of businesses and shops in large malls on the outskirts of cities will also pose serious problems as the population starts to age. Road safety, too, could suffer the adverse effects of declining driving skills among the elderly. The mobility of ageing populations undoubtedly has many implications that can no longer be ignored. Round Table 112 reviews the experiences of various countries and makes a number of recommendations for policy-makers who wish to adopt a comprehensive approach to this issue.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264187733-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
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    Transport and Leisure (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182370
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.111
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transport et loisirs
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Leisure-related transport is a poorly known and widely underestimated phenomenon. And yet, it generates more traffic than journey-to-work travel. Indeed, the great number of leisure activities that involve transport range from shopping, visiting family or friends and sporting activities to local and international tourism. This book sets out to describe and analyse leisure-related transport in terms of flow size, points of concentration, modes of transport, temporal trends and structural changes. It then examines the consequences that growth in leisure activities could have for transport policy: integrating local and long-distance transport, increasing the use of environmentally-friendly means of transport, promoting local recreational trips or improving the living environment. This may be seen as a genuine opportunity for policymakers: in responding to the challenge posed by leisure-related transport they can indeed respond to the challenges posed by any kind of transport.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182370-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 47
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    Sustainable Transport Policies (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264187696
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Politiques de transport durable
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: - Substantial progress has been made in improving the sustainability of transport in Europe in a number of areas and is reported in this paper. Nevertheless there remain important problems and challenges: - unsustainable rates of traffic growth, locally and in some cases at regional or international scales; - sometimes severe noise, severance and intimidation nuisances from traffic in built up areas; - persistent growth in emissions of greenhouse gases from road and air transport; - poor air quality in specific locations despite major improvements in vehicle emissions controls; - destruction and fragmentation of protected landscapes and habitats. - The European Conference of Ministers of Transport is working to improve policies and move towards solutions in many of these areas. This free brochure sets out a common approach to working towards sustainable transport systems endorsed by Ministers from ECMT’s Member and Associate countries at their Council meeting in Prague in May 2000. It is a summary of a number of detailed reports which are currently being prepared for publication.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264187696-en
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  • 48
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    Online-Ressource
    Transport Benchmarking : Methodologies, Applications and Data Needs (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264187832
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Méthodes d'analyses comparatives dans les transports ; Méthodologies, applications et données nécessaires
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Transport benchmarking
    DDC: 380
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Benchmarking ; Verkehrssektor ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Luftfrachtverkehr ; Europa ; Welt ; Schienenverkehr ; Transport ; Benchmarking (Management) ; European Union countries ; Transportation and state ; European Union countries ; Benchmarking ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: This conference proceedings defines transport benchmarking, analyzes its usefulness to policy makers and discusses what lessons can be drawn at the national and international level for policy makers. The first part examines the different methodological aspects raised by benchmarking methods. The conference clarified the multiple concepts included in this type of mechanism and identified different practices which range from the simple statistical tool to a genuine policy lever. The second part describes several concrete examples of benchmarking applications in the transport sector. These examples relate in particular to topics such as road safety, rail transport, the environment, public and urban transport, seaports and air cargo, etc. Each chapter of this publication may be read independently. A fundamental message, common to all the examples presented, emerges: it is essential to improve the quality of statistics in order to ensure more reliable transport benchmarking results.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264187832-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 49
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    Integration of European Inland Transport Markets (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181694
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Intégration des marchés des transports terrestres européens
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Integration of European inland transport markets
    DDC: 380
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Güterverkehr ; Personenverkehr ; Grenzüberschreitender Verkehr ; Verkehrsrecht ; Rechtsangleichung ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Osteuropa ; Europa ; Schienengüterverkehr ; Europa ; Asien ; Transport ; Europe Economic integration ; Congresses ; Europa ; Transportmarkt ; Integration
    Kurzfassung: The integration of European inland transport markets is a topical issue that has generated a great deal of activity in recent years. The integration of transport markets is a fundamental condition for the development of trade relations and economic activity.This book is an essential tool for all transport professionals. It looks at the most recent transport and investment trends. It then examines the pan-European process of legal harmonisation and adjustment of transport systems and analyses emerging trade and transport links between Europe and Asia. Obstacles at border crossings for international road and rail goods transport are also dealt with along with ways of combating crime in transport. Lastly, the topical issue of public-private partnerships in transport infrastructure financing is tackled and conclusions are presented.
    Anmerkung: Franz. Ausg.u.d.T.: Intégration des marchés des transports terrestres européens
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181694-en
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  • 50
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    Improving Transport for People with Mobility Handicaps : A Guide to Good Practice (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182356
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Améliorer les transports pour les personnes à mobilité réduite ; Guide de bonnes pratiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Améliorer les transports pour les personnes à mobilité réduite
    DDC: 380
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Behinderter Mensch ; Verkehrsplanung
    Kurzfassung: A large number of people with mobility handicaps have difficulty using transport systems and this number will increase significantly over the coming decades. It is therefore essential that transport infrastructure and systems are designed and built to cater for their needs. This publication sets out key principles and guidelines for making all transport modes and related infrastructure more accessible. In addition, it provides examples and illustrations of good practice from many different countries. It is intended to help policy makers, planners, architects, and others working in this field, improve accessibility for people with mobility handicaps.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182356-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 51
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    Strategic Environmental Assessment for Transport (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188174
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'évaluation environnementale stratégique dans le secteur des transports
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Strategic environmental assessment for transport
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Schlagwort(e): Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrsplanung ; Umweltbewertung ; Europa ; Welt ; Environmental impact analysis ; Transportation Environmental aspects ; Europe ; Environment ; Transport ; Verkehrspolitik ; Güterverkehr ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Kurzfassung: Environmental impact assessments are an essential component of making decisions on transport infrastructure investments. Traditional procedures have proved ineffective for impacts that go beyond the scope of projects in isolation. Strategic environmental assessment has emerged in response, to address large scale effects including impacts on traffic across networks, impacts on climate change and biodiversity and the impacts of policy decisions as opposed simply to individual projects. This report examines recent experience in developing environmental assessment internationally and makes recommendations on maximising the effectiveness of this new tool.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188174-en
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  • 52
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    Online-Ressource
    Cleaner Cars : Fleet Renewal and Scrappage Schemes (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180277
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Assainir le parc automobile ; Programmes de renouvellement et de mise à la casse
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Cleaner cars
    DDC: 363.738/7
    RVK:
    QR 524
    Schlagwort(e): Kraftfahrzeug ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Schrott ; Europa ; Welt ; Transport ; Wirtschaftskreislauf ; Recyclinggerechte Konstruktion ; Verwertung ; Kraftfahrzeug
    Kurzfassung: Pollution from transport is being cut substantially through exhaust emissions regulations and vehicle manufacturers’ investments in cleaner technologies. The benefits of these improvements, however, are delayed as car fleet renewal takes a decade on average in Europe. Car scrappage schemes can be used to accelerate the uptake of new, cleaner vehicles. This publication analyses the effectiveness of these programmes in protecting the environment and reviews the schemes introduced to date in Europe and North America. Three complementary issues are addressed to help make pragmatic recommendations:- What are the effects of scrapping schemes on the car market and the national economy?- What are the effects of these programmes on the environment?- And can scrappage schemes be useful in former socialist countries?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180277-en
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