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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264338395 , 9789264475915 , 9789264854055
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Schlagwort(e): IT-Sicherheit ; IT-Berufe ; Bildungspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Kurzfassung: As societies become increasingly digital, cyber security has become a priority for individuals, companies and nations. The number of cyber attacks is exceeding defence capabilities, and one reason for this is the lack of an adequately skilled cyber security workforce. This report analyses the demand for cyber security professionals in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States using information contained in online job postings. The analysis looks at recent trends in the demand for workers in different types of cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the changing skill requirements for professionals in this field. The report also looks at the supply side, zooming in on the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in England (United Kingdom). It describes the different types of programmes provided in further and higher education, the profile of learners in these programmes and their outcomes. Finally, the report also looks at policies and initiatives adopted in England to make cyber security education and training programmes more accessible and relevant. This report is part of a larger initiative examining the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264705340 , 9789264739628 , 9789264717015
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Industrie ; Industriegeographie ; Klimaneutralität ; Europa ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Some manufacturing activities are among the most difficult human activities to make climate neutral and they are typically regionally concentrated. Across Europe these regions are often socioeconomically relatively weak. Yet these sectors provide relatively well-paid jobs in many of these regions. Some of these regions may also have more difficult access to infrastructure to provide the hydrogen, carbon capture and storage and zero-emission freight, which can be important to some of these activities. Industrial transitions to climate neutrality therefore have regional development implications. Since regions differ in their socio-economic conditions, understanding these regional development implications will help policy makers prepare a just transition. This publication identifies manufacturing activities that are particularly difficult to decarbonise and the transformations they require. It shows how these activities are distributed across European regions, focusing on employment at emission-intensive production locations. It identifies conditions for getting access to needed infrastructure and how access conditions differ across regions. It investigates the socio-economic vulnerabilities of affected regions, their manufacturing businesses and workers. In some regions, workers and firms may be particularly vulnerable, for example, because of low-skill jobs, type of employment contract or low productivity.
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  • 3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energieeinsparung ; KMU ; Organisationelle Resilienz ; Europa ; Energy
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  • 4
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.107
    Schlagwort(e): Lastkraftwagen ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Kosten ; Straßengüterverkehr ; Europa ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: Trucks account for one-fifth of transport sector emissions in Europe. To decarbonise, heavy-duty road freight must switch to zero-emission vehicles quickly. This report examines whether battery electric vehicles, electric road systems and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could compete with diesel-driven vehicles. It looks at the total cost of ownership across nine different vehicle-size segments in Europe. The report gives six recommendations to accelerate the transition to zero-emission trucks, including the provision of necessary infrastructure.
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  • 5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): 2023-2024 ; Gasversorgung ; Erdgasmarkt ; Europa ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Amid the ongoing global energy crisis, Never Too Early to Prepare for Next Winter: Europe’s Gas Balance for 2023-2024 examines the latest developments in European natural gas and electricity markets, and in global LNG markets – assessing their implications for Europe’s gas balance in 2023 and 2024. Based on detailed analysis of global data and market trends, this new IEA report cautions that the process of filling European gas storage sites in 2022 benefitted from key factors – including Russian pipeline flows during the summer and lower LNG imports by China – that may well not be repeated in 2023. This raises the risk of a supply-demand gap of as much as 30 billion cubic metres (bcm) during the key summer period for refilling gas storage in 2023.
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  • 6
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.9
    Schlagwort(e): Kinderarmut ; Kinder ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Soziale Kosten ; Europa ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Growing up in socio-economic disadvantage has important and long-lasting effects on children’s lives. Children from disadvantaged households often fall behind in many areas of well-being and development, with effects that continue to limit their opportunities and outcomes – including their health and labour market outcomes – long after they reach adulthood. Drawing on Europe-wide survey data from 27 countries, this paper explores how childhood socio-economic disadvantage affects later adult labour market and health outcomes, and evaluates the country-level GDP-equivalent cost of childhood disadvantage due to lost employment, lost earnings, and lost health, as well as the costs of lost government revenue and benefit spending. Results point to large costs for societies from childhood socio-economic disadvantage, totalling on average the equivalent of 3.4% of GDP annually.
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  • 7
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (70 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Papers no.27
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastrukturinvestition ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Steuerpolitik ; Grundsteuer ; Frankreich ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: With tightening public finances, land value capture (LVC) can be an attractive fiscal tool to finance ever-increasing demands for transport infrastructure. This paper begins by discussing the principles of LVC and individual LVC instruments in the context of infrastructure provision, with a focus on the opportunities and challenges for LVC implementation. It then presents unique case studies of LVC use in France, Japan, Korea and the United Kingdom, highlighting how it was used to fund the construction of major subways and railways. Based on these case studies, the paper discusses some key insights, including how to use LVC together with expropriation, enacting enabling legal frameworks, and diversifying revenue streams. It also highlights some common considerations for successful implementation, most notably for eliciting public support, promoting transit-oriented development, and establishing fair and transparent rules for LVC.
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  • 8
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264324855 , 9789264442795 , 9789264667211
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (119 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Royaume-Uni 2022 (version abrégée)
    Schlagwort(e): Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Großbritannien ; Energy ; Development ; Environment ; Governance ; United Kingdom ; Amtliche Publikation
    Kurzfassung: Over the past decade, the United Kingdom has reduced several environmental pressures while growing its economy. Ahead of its presidency of the 2021 UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties, it has led the way by raising its national ambition. However, air pollution, deteriorating natural assets and missed biodiversity targets are all concerns. Further efforts are needed to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, prepare for climate change, reverse biodiversity loss and ensure a more resource-efficient circular economy. Strengthening co‑ordination between the United Kingdom and devolved governments, as well as enhancing coherence between sectoral and environmental policies will be key. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of the United Kingdom. It evaluates progress towards green growth, with a special chapter focusing on waste, materials management and the circular economy.
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264487208 , 9789264995642 , 9789264356665
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Getting skills right
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Improving the quality of non-formal adult learning
    Schlagwort(e): Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualitätsmanagement ; Erfolgsfaktor ; Europa ; Education ; Employment ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The COVID-19 crisis has reiterated the importance of adult learning and career guidance services as many adults have lost their jobs and now require upskilling and reskilling opportunities in order to keep pace with the rapidly evolving world of work. Yet, in order to achieve its positive gains, adult training needs to be of high quality and ensure successful learning experiences for all participants. This report therefore aims at supporting public authorities to enhance quality in the field of non-formal adult learning. It provides an overview of quality assurance systems across Europe, highlighting their implementation features, governance structures and success factors. Based on this analysis, the report develops a Quality Assurance in Adult Learning Decision Tree to support the decision-making process of governments that are planning reforms of their quality assurance systems.
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  • 10
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (177 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.258
    Schlagwort(e): Jugendliche ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; Australien ; Kanada ; China ; Deutschland ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; Uruguay ; USA ; Education
    Kurzfassung: The aim of the OECD Career Readiness project is to identify patterns of teenage attitudes and activities that are associated with better transitions into employment by analysing multiple national longitudinal datasets. This paper looks for further evidence of the link between teenage activities, experiences and career-related thinking and adult career outcomes by analysing 10 new datasets from eight countries. Overall, the results of this paper find further evidence that secondary school students who explore, experience and think about their futures in work frequently encounter lower levels of unemployment, receive higher wages and are happier in their careers as adults. The findings of this paper are analysed together with the evidence from the two previous working papers of the Career Readiness project, concluding that there is international evidence to support 11 out of the 14 potential indicators that were explored as indicators of career readiness.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264892149
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Kohlepolitik ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Ontario (Provinz) ; Großbritannien ; Deutschland ; Energy ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Kurzfassung: Reducing global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to net zero by 2050 is necessary to limit the long‐term increase in average global temperatures to 1.5 °C. Today, coal-fired power generation is the largest single source of CO2 emissions. Therefore, tackling emissions from this sector is critical to achieving our goal. National governments, subnational jurisdictions, coalitions and many large corporations have announced coal phase-out pledges and net zero targets. Ahead of COP 26 in November 2021, Phasing Out Unabated Coal: Current Status and Three Case Studies gathers all known national commitments to eventually stop using unabated coal-fired power generation announced to date and assesses their impact in terms of reducing emissions. In addition, the report analyses three jurisdictions in detail to extract recommendation. First, an early example of coal phase-out commitment and execution from the Canadian province of Ontario. Second, the case of the United Kingdom, where the industrial revolution started but which was one of the first countries to decide to phase out coal. Finally, Germany, where phasing out is particularly complex because it is the largest coal-fired power generator among those committing to a phase-out and has thousands of jobs that rely on lignite mining. This paper acknowledges that each country must tailor its approach based on its own specific circumstances, but that nonetheless there are instructive experiences from other jurisdictions undertaking similar measures.
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  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.257
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Handelseffekt ; Großbritannien ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Kurzfassung: Services play a more important role in trade and employment in the United Kingdom than in most other OECD countries. The UK services sector is supported by an open and transparent trade regime, policies that support competition and innovation, and regulatory transparency that facilitates the creation of new services businesses and start-ups. That said, certain barriers to services trade remain. This report sheds light on the role of services trade in the UK economy, describing recent trends and highlighting future challenges, and explores policy options to support a sustainable recovery from the COVID-19 crisis.
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  • 13
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Serie: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsnachfrage ; Anforderungsprofil ; Qualifikation ; Personalbeschaffung ; Coronavirus ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Kurzfassung: This policy brief uses online job vacancy postings as a partial indicator of the impact of COVID-19 on skills demand in five OECD countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States) between January and November 2020. The pandemic, as well as containment and mitigation measures designed to halt its spread, had a large but heterogeneous impact on the demand for skills. By early May, the total volume of online job vacancies had fallen by over 50% in all the countries analysed with respect to the beginning of the year, with even larger declines in some sectors. However, the demand for specific skills in the healthcare sector and in logistics increased. There is also evidence of an increase in vacancies involving remote-working arrangements. The brief also shows that the crisis affected differently individuals with different levels of educational qualifications and that such effect differed across the countries analysed.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264966697 , 9789264620148 , 9789264715004
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Überschwemmung ; Klimapolitik ; Mexiko ; Großbritannien ; Environment ; Mexico ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This report provides an assessment of the use of, and recommendations for scaling up, Nature-based Solutions to address water-related climate risks. The analysis is based on two country case studies carried out in Mexico and the United Kingdom. On the basis of a previously developed policy evaluation framework, the analysis identifies existing challenges as well as highlights emerging good practices with regard to policy design and implementation, governance, regulatory mechanisms, and technical and financial arrangements. The report’s findings support policy makers and practitioners in strengthening the use of Nature-based Solutions to tackle climate risks, with a special focus on water-related risks.
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  • 15
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264885646 , 9789264328891 , 9789264820647
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Großbritannien ; Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Kurzfassung: The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts reviews of the individual development co‑operation efforts of DAC members once every five to six years. DAC peer reviews critically examine the overall performance of a given member, not just that of its development co‑operation agency, covering its policy, programmes and systems. They take an integrated, system‑wide perspective on the development co‑operation activities of the member under review and its approach to fragility, crisis and humanitarian assistance. The United Kingdom uses its global standing and convening power to promote an evidence-based approach to stability, inclusion and prosperity and continues to provide 0.7% of its national income as Official Development Assistance (ODA). The depth and breadth of its expertise, combined with flexible funding instruments and strong country presence, allow the United Kingdom to focus these ODA resources on developing country needs, while protecting its own longer-term national interests. Articulating a clear and comprehensive whole-of-government vision for its support to international development would allow the United Kingdom to reinforce its policy priorities and engage the public. Further measures to build effective partnerships and institutional capacity in developing countries would allow the United Kingdom to build ownership of development processes and contribute to lasting change.
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  • 16
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264553545 , 9789264555495 , 9789264882140
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Urban Policy Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Enhancing productivity in UK Core Cities
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivität ; Großstadt ; Ballungsraum ; Stadtwachstum ; Regionales Wachstum ; Großbritannien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Großstadt ; Ballungsraum ; Stadtentwicklung ; Regionales Wirtschaftswachstum
    Kurzfassung: Core Cities is an association of eleven cities in the UK: Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham, and Sheffield. Altogether, Core Cities and their surrounding regions account for around one quarter of the UK population and economy. Given their size and assets, Core Cities have the potential to boost national growth. However, unlike second-tier cities in most other large OECD countries, Core Cities have low levels of productivity by national and international standards. With the right policies and sufficient investment in public transport, housing, skills and other key policy areas, Core Cities could become centres of economic activity that pull their regions and the entire UK to higher productivity levels. This report unpacks the causes of low productivity in UK Core Cities and offers policy recommendations for the local and national level to achieve higher productivity and more inclusive growth.
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  • 17
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264540309 , 9789264348776 , 9789264939912
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The future of regional development and public investment in Wales, United Kingdom
    Schlagwort(e): Regionalentwicklung ; Öffentliche Investition ; Wales ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Wales ; Regionalwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Kurzfassung: The Welsh Government has set an ambitious and innovative path for regional development and public investment – one focused on generating growth and increasing productivity, while also reducing territorial disparities and ensuring the well-being of citizens, now and in the future. Yet, it faces significant challenges, accentuated by limited fiscal decentralisation and changes to public investment financing post-Brexit. This OECD Multi-level Governance Studies report provides the Welsh Government and Welsh local authorities with analysis and recommendations on how to achieve regional development and public investment aims. The report offers insight into how the Welsh Government and Welsh local authorities can increase their fiscal and public investment capacity, and strengthen their governance practices. It stresses that the Welsh Government’s ability to coordinate regional development policy and associated public investment is a determining factor in meeting growth and well-being objectives. This report also proposes a variety of mechanisms to strengthen policy and service delivery at the local level. A case study featuring the challenges and benefits of establishing economic regions in Mid and South West Wales sheds a practical light on the various aspects explored throughout the report.
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  • 18
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Serie: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 et travailleurs essentiels : Quel rôle jouent les immigrés dans votre région ?
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmigranten ; Coronavirus ; EU-Staaten ; Europa ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: During COVID-19 lockdowns it became visible that migrants are often important in sectors that are crucial for the functioning of everyday life. Informed by this experience, this note provides an assessment of the role of foreign-born workers in essential services (referred to as migrant key workers) at regional level for 31 European countries. It examines the share of migrant key workers in regional labour markets, their importance in jobs with different skill requirements, and differences between EU and non-EU migrants. Migrants play a crucial role in health care, where 23% of doctors and 14% of nurses are foreign-born. In cities such as London or Brussels, around half of all doctors and nurses are migrants. Overall, capital regions have the highest share of migrant key workers (20%). Similarly, cities rely more on migrant key workers than other areas, especially in low-skilled occupations where migrants make up 25% of workers.
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264383715
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (165 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Raising the basic skills of workers in England, United Kingdom
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Großbritannien ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This report provides examples and recommendations to help overcome obstacles to engage low-skilled workers and their employers in skills development. England has implemented impressive measures aimed at helping workers and employers to upskill. Nonetheless, there remains room for improvement. More can be done to identify workers with low basic skills, raise awareness of why improving those skills is important, increase the accessibility to relevant courses, ensure these courses are flexible enough to accommodate adult learners who are already employed, and finally make the provision relevant to career aspirations. This report urges England to establish and promote a vision for raising the skills of low-skilled workers, identify their needs more systematically, and provide targeted guidance and information to them and their employers. It highlights that accessible and flexible adult learning opportunities in the workplace, home, community and by other means such as online and distance learning can better meet the varied needs of low-skilled workers. It also makes the case for the use of contextualised learning approaches, which create connections between basic skills and vocational context, and a more effective use of basic skills in workplaces to maintain, develop and realise the benefits of prior skills investments.
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  • 20
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264566606 , 9789264888319 , 9789264628359
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Review of international regulatory co-operation of the United Kindom
    Schlagwort(e): Regulierung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Großbritannien ; Governance ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Internationale Kooperation ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Regulierung
    Kurzfassung: International regulatory co-operation (IRC) provides an opportunity for countries to consider the impacts of their regulations beyond their borders, to expand the evidence for decision-making, to learn from the experience of their peers and to develop concerted approaches to challenges that transcend borders. This review documents the context of IRC policies and practices in the United Kingdom. It covers both the UK’s unilateral efforts to embed international considerations in domestic rulemaking and its bilateral, regional and multilateral co-operative efforts on regulatory matters. In addition, the review provides a snapshot of IRC in practice in the United Kingdom with four case studies on financial services, nuclear energy, medical and healthcare products and product safety. At a time when IRC is an increasingly essential, yet largely untapped, tool for addressing transboundary policy challenges, this review offers valuable lessons to countries within the OECD and beyond.
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  • 21
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Papers no.06
    Schlagwort(e): Regionalentwicklung ; Markteintritt ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Europa ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: The increase in market access that the expansion of the road network and the growth of Europe created between 1990 and 2012 raised GDP, employment and attracted population. An increase in market access by 1% increases GDP in a region, on average, by 0.2%, employment by 0.7% and population by 0.6%. The positive effect of market access appears to be the strongest over long-distances, most likely based on trade links that are aided by better access to regions in other countries. Predominantly urban, intermediate and predominantly rural regions benefit equally from improvements in access, however, the investment required to create the same degree of improvement in the three types of regions varies substantially. Northern, Western and Central Europe benefited consistently from market access improvements. Southern European regions with better market access gained population and employment but lacked clear GDP improvements. Conversely, Eastern Europe lost employment and population for market access improvements that occurred in a 3-hour travel time radius but had the highest economic gains in GDP and GDP per capita, 1.7% and 2.2% respectively.
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  • 22
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 222
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliche Meinung ; Einwanderung ; Flüchtlinge ; Kultursoziologie ; Europa ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Nordic countries such as Sweden, Norway and Finland have been consistently the most favourable to immigration while eastern European countries such as the Czech Republic and Hungary have been the least favourable. Despite their relatively high average levels of support for immigration, however, many countries of western and northern Europe are quite strongly polarized internally along educational and age lines. This can perhaps explain why political divisions over immigration can be so salient in these countries. Comparing results from 2002/03 and 2016/07, one finds that European attitudes were on average quite stable. However, a number of countries became more generous while several others became more negative. On the issue of government policy towards refugees, there was a marked shift in a negative direction after the 2015/16 refugee crisis. Countries such as Austria, Germany, and Sweden which had experienced large inflows of refugees showed particularly large declines in public support for generous government policy towards asylum requests.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264312487 , 9789264570986 , 9789264489790
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hausse du niveau des mers : Les approches des pays de l'OCDE face aux risques côtiers
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Responding to rising seas
    Schlagwort(e): Küstenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Deutschland ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Küstenschutz
    Kurzfassung: There is an urgent need to ensure that coastal areas are adapting to the impacts of climate change. Risks in these areas are projected to increase because of rising sea levels and development pressures. This report reviews how OECD countries can use their national adaptation planning processes to respond to this challenge. Specifically, the report examines how countries approach shared costs and responsibilities for coastal risk management and how this encourages or hinders risk-reduction behaviour by households, businesses and different levels of government. The report outlines policy tools that national governments can use to encourage an efficient, effective and equitable response to ongoing coastal change. It is informed by new analysis on the future costs of sea-level rise, and the main findings from four case studies (Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom).
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264980570
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: United Kingdom (stage 2)
    Schlagwort(e): Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Großbritannien ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United Kingdom ; G-20-Staaten ; Großbritannien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Kurzfassung: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United Kingdom, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310278
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD economic survey of the United States
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftslage ; Großbritannien ; Development ; Economics ; United States ; USA ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Wirtschaftliche Stabilität
    Kurzfassung: This volume collects four studies that were prepared as background research to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the United States. Using micro-data survey responses, regional and sectorial data, these studies seek to provide insights into how employment responds to labour market disruption and the drivers of household financial vulnerability in the United States. This volume represents a collaborative effort by a team of OECD and academic researchers.
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  • 26
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1456
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Dezentralisierung ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The United Kingdom displays large regional disparities in productivity compared to most other OECD countries, with a large gap between London and most other regions. This holds back aggregate productivity and growth, and contributes to regional differences in living standards. To make the lagging regions more attractive to companies and workers, transport links between and within cities should be improved by increasing infrastructure investment outside London. Another policy priority is to improve the local business environment through more spending on innovation and increased support for investment and skills. Also, local authorities should have more freedom in setting education and training goals and the land-use planning system has to be more responsive to meet housing needs in cities. The role of subnational government is sub-par relative to the OECD average, but more devolution has recently been introduced in several city-regions. Such efforts towards more decentralization need to continue to cover larger parts of the country and involve greater transfers of powers and responsibilities at the local level.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 27
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1457
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Soziale Mobilität ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: More than a quarter of adults in the United Kingdom have low basic skills, which has a negative impact on career prospects, job quality and productivity growth. Furthermore, unlike most other countries, young adults do not have stronger basic skills than the generation approaching retirement. The lack of skills development starts at young ages and continues in secondary education; despite a modest reduction in recent years, the educational attainment gap between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged students remains high. The low participation in lifelong learning of low-skilled individuals puts them at risk of falling behind in meeting the changing skill demands of the dynamic labour market. Ongoing reforms to the vocational education and training (VET) system and apprenticeship system should have a positive impact on low-skilled productivity, enabling students to gain the necessary basic skills and for workers to find quality jobs. Improving the targeting of active labour market policies, and ensuring that the ongoing increases in the national living wage are delivered in a sustainable way will also play an important role in improving job quality and reducing the high rate of youth neither employed or in education or training. Policy responses to the rise of non-standard work will also be essential in improving the job quality of the low-skilled.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 28
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 204
    Schlagwort(e): 2030 ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Arbeitskräftepotenzial ; Europa ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the methodology as well as the results of the joint OECD-European Commission project Migration-Demography Database: A monitoring system of the demographic impact of migration and mobility. The objective of the project is to evaluate the contribution of migration to past and future labour market dynamics across EU and OECD countries. After assessing the role of migration over the last five to 10 years in shaping the occupational and educational composition of the labour force, this project looks at the potential contribution of migration to the labour force in a range of alternative scenarios. This paper presents the results from the second part of the project: it focuses on projections over the period 2015-2030, and aims at identifying the drivers of changes in working-age population and active population in European countries, and in particular the role of migration flows.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 29
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1501
    Schlagwort(e): Export ; Schock ; Wirtschaftsstruktur ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Lohn ; Großbritannien ; EU-Staaten ; Education ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This study explores the impact of export shocks on firms and re-aggregates results to derive distributional effects on sectors and regions. In a first step, firm level data are used to assess the empirical relationship between exports and three outcome variables – labour productivity, employment and wages. In a second step, an illustrative set of changes in trading relationships generate sectoral export shocks, which are simulated with the OECD METRO model of trade and subsequently fed into micro-level estimates. The method developed in this study can be applied to other countries, conditional on the availability of data. As an initial case study, the analysis is for the United Kingdom which has weak regional productivity outside London, partly related to sectoral and trade specialisation. In particular, the most productive regions are specialised in knowledge-intensive services and are more intensive in tradable services. The results suggest limited impacts of export shocks on sectoral employment, except for car and truck manufacturing, consistent with a high integration of the sector with European value chains. Labour productivity and wages are negatively affected across most sectors, but the effects are smaller on the services sector relative to the goods sector. Given that services activities are concentrated in more productive regions, these regions are more resilient to shocks. The United Kingdom has a strong comparative advantage in services sectors and promoting the opening of global services markets would be an important way to offset potential negative impacts of export shocks on the other sectors of the economy.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 30
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1476
    Schlagwort(e): 2010 - 2016 ; Digitalisierung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Qualifikation ; Europa ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Insufficient diffusion of new technologies has been quoted as one possible reason for weak productivity performance over the past two decades (Andrews et al., 2016). This paper uses a novel data set of digital technology usage covering 25 industries in 25 European countries over the 2010-16 period to explore the drivers of digital adoption across two broad sets of digital technologies by firms, cloud computing and back or front office integration. The focus is on structural and policy factors affecting firms’ capabilities and incentives to adopt -- including the availability of enabling infrastructures (such as high-speed broadband internet), managerial quality and workers skills, and product, labour and financial market settings. We identify the effects of structural and policy factors based on the difference-in-difference approach pioneered by Rajan and Zingales (1998) and show that a number of these factors are statistically and economically significant for technology adoption. Specifically, we find strong support for the hypothesis that low managerial quality, lack of ICT skills and poor matching of workers to jobs curb digital technology adoption and hence the rate of diffusion. Similarly our evidence suggests that policies affecting market incentives are important for adoption, especially those relevant for market access, competition and efficient reallocation of labour and capital. Finally, we show that there are important complementarities between the two sets of factors, with market incentives reinforcing the positive effects of enhancements in firm capabilities on adoption of digital technologies
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 31
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1496
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsproduktivität ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Großbritannien ; Education ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Since the start of the Great Recession, labour productivity growth has been weak in the United Kingdom, weaker than in many other OECD countries. The productivity shortfall, defined as the gap between actual productivity and the level implied by its pre-crisis trend growth rate, was nearly 20% for output per hour at the end of 2016. This study assesses the UK productivity puzzle and discusses its possible determinants at the sectoral level. Most of the UK productivity underperformance is structural rather than cyclical. Half of the productivity shortfall is explained by non-financial services (with information and communication being the largest contributor), a fourth by financial services, and another fourth by manufacturing, other production and construction. All but non-financial services and the construction sectors contribute disproportionately to the productivity shortfall compared to their shares in overall output and hours worked of the UK economy. In non-financial services, large increases in self-employed with no employees, reduced matching of skills to jobs and a lower capital-output ratio may have been a drag on productivity. Stagnant productivity in the financial sector is mainly linked to reduced risk-taking and leverage, as reflected by declining total factor productivity following its steep increases in the run-up to the crisis. Greater substitution of labour for capital and weak corporate restructuring have both held back productivity improvements in the manufacturing sector. Some causes of the productivity puzzle pre-date the crisis, including low tangible investment, too rapid expansion of financial services, weak innovation in the manufacturing sector, and a secular decline of oil and gas industries. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the United-Kingdom (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-united-kingdom.htm).
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 32
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 7
    Schlagwort(e): Lebensqualität ; Messung ; Politik ; Ecuador ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Neuseeland ; Schottland ; Schweden ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The last decade has seen major advances in the measurement of well-being in national statistics – but what are governments doing to incorporate these metrics and frameworks into policy decision making? This paper describes the progress made in many countries on measuring well-being at a national level, and the mechanisms being developed to mainstream both concepts and evidence on well-being into policy settings. In all cases, countries are adopting a multidimensional approach to the measurement of well-being, and several initiatives have been informed by extensive public consultation processes. For seven countries, detailed case studies in the Annex describe the development and implementation of policy mechanisms for integrating well-being evidence: Ecuador, France, Italy, New Zealand, Scotland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The paper finds that well-being evidence is applied at several different stages of the policy cycle, from strategic analysis and prioritization to evaluations of policy interventions. In most cases these initiatives are only a few years old, and institutional support will be vital for the durability of these mechanisms over time and through different political cycles.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264306189
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United Kingdom 2018 (second round)
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Großbritannien ; Taxation ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of United Kingdom.
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264292093
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (378 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Migrant Education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The Resilience of Students with an Immigrant Background
    Schlagwort(e): Studierende ; Schüler ; Migranten ; Bildungsverhalten ; Bildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Europa ; Schüler ; Student ; Einwanderer ; Bildungspolitik
    Kurzfassung: Migration flows are profoundly changing the composition of classrooms. Results from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) reveal that in 2015, almost one in four 15-year-old students in OECD countries reported that they were either foreign-born or had at least one foreign-born parent. Between 2003 and 2015, the share of students who had either migrated or who had a parent who had migrated across international borders grew by six percentage points, on average across OECD countries. The Resilience of Students with an Immigrant Background: Factors that Shape Well-being reveals some of the difficulties students with an immigrant background encounter and where they receive the support they need. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the risk and protective factors that can undermine or promote the resilience of immigrant students. It explores the role that education systems, schools and teachers can play in helping these students integrate into their communities, overcome adversity, and build their academic, social, emotional and motivational resilience.
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307490 , 9789264309623 , 9789264309616
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Corporate Governance
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Flexibility and proportionality in corporate governance
    Schlagwort(e): Corporate Governance ; OECD-Staaten ; Großbritannien ; Schweden ; Italien ; Japan ; USA ; Portugal ; Governance ; Management
    Kurzfassung: The quality of corporate governance regulations matters. If they are well designed, they can help governments achieve important policy objectives, such as higher levels of investment, increased productivity and better business sector dynamics. But for this to happen, the rules and regulations must be allowed to evolve over time. They must also be able to meet the many different needs of those entrepreneurs, investors and stakeholders who are supposed to implement them. This is why the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance state that policy makers have a responsibility to shape a regulatory framework that can meet the needs of corporations that operate under widely different circumstances. Importantly, this concept of flexibility and proportionality is not about less demanding rules or the acceptance of sub-standard practices. On the contrary, it represents a functional and outcome oriented approach to regulation that facilitates implementation and makes enforcement more effective. This OECD report presents the results of an OECD review on flexibility and proportionality practices in seven different areas of corporate governance regulation. The review covers 39 jurisdictions and six in-depth country case studies.
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  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264304864 , 9789264308701 , 9789264308718
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Subnational public-private partnerships
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Regionalentwicklung ; Kommunale Investition ; Großbritannien ; Frankreich ; Virginia ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: This report focuses on the challenges of governing infrastructure investment and public-private partnerships (PPPs) at the subnational level. Subnational governments – cities and regions – play a vital role in the infrastructure landscape. Infrastructure needs in energy, transport, water and telecommunications are substantial, estimated at USD 6.3 trillion per year between 2016 and 2030. In a tight fiscal environment, it is critical to diversify sources of financing for infrastructure investment and PPPs represent an alternative to traditional government procurement with the potential to improve value for money. However, PPPs are complex and sometimes risky arrangements that require capacity that is not always readily available in government, in particular at the subnational level. This report examines the challenges of using PPPs at the subnational level and ways to address them. It does so by focusing on three case studies: subnational PPPs in France, local Private Finance Initiative (PFI) projects in the United Kingdom, and PPPs in Virginia (United States).
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264298378 , 9789264298361 , 9789264085145
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (161 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Starting Strong
    Serie: Starting strong
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Engaging Young Children
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Engaging young children
    Schlagwort(e): OECD-Staaten ; Kinderbetreuung ; Frühkindliche Bildung ; Qualität ; Education ; Europa ; Kinderbetreuung ; Vorschulerziehung
    Kurzfassung: The first years of life lay the foundations for a child’s future development and learning. Many countries have increased their financial support for provision of early childhood education and care (ECEC) over the past years. More recently, the focus of debate has been shifting from expanding access to affordable ECEC to enhancing its quality. A growing body of research suggests that the magnitude of the benefits for children will depend on the level of quality of early childhood services, with especially strong evidence in the case of disadvantaged children. In light of budgetary constraints, policy makers require the latest knowledge base of the quality dimensions that are most important for ensuring children's development and early learning. However, current research is often narrow in focus or limited to programme-level or national-level conclusions. This book expands the knowledge base on this topic. It draws lessons from a cross-national literature review and meta-analysis of the relationship between early childhood education and care structure (e.g. child-staff ratios, staff training and qualifications), process quality (i.e. the quality of staff-child interactions and developmental activities), and links to child development and learning. This report concludes with key insights, as well as avenues for further research. It was co-funded by the European Union.
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  • 38
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1433
    Schlagwort(e): Kreditrationierung ; Produktivität ; Insolvenz ; Europa ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the connection between “zombie” firms (firms that would typically exit in a competitive market) and bank health and the consequences for aggregate productivity in 11 European countries. Controlling for cyclical effects, the results show that zombie firms are more likely to be connected to weak banks, suggesting that the zombie firm problem in Europe may at least partly stem from bank forbearance. The increasing survival of zombie firms congests markets and constrains the growth of more productive firms, to the detriment of aggregate productivity growth. Our results suggest that around one-third of the impact of zombie congestion on capital misallocation could be directly attributed to bank health and additional analysis suggests that this may partly be due to reduced availability of credit to healthy firms. Finally, improvements in bank health are more likely to be associated with a reduction in the prevalence of zombie firms in countries where insolvency regimes do not unduly inhibit corporate restructuring. Thus, leveraging the important complementarities between bank strengthening efforts and insolvency regime reform would contribute to breaking the shackles on potential growth in Europe.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 39
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1365
    Schlagwort(e): SME ; Unternehmensfinanzierung ; Kredit ; Geldpolitik ; Geldpolitische Transmission ; Großbritannien ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This study explores the effectiveness of the incentive mechanisms embedded within the UK’s Funding for Lending Scheme (FLS) for banks’ to expand their supply of lending to medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The FLS was announced by the Bank of England and HM Treasury in June 2012, with the aim of improving the supply of credit to the UK real economy. Despite the prevailing low level of risk-free interest rates, UK banks’ funding costs were elevated at the time of the Scheme's introduction, and the intention was to provide lenders with a stable source of lower-cost funding to support credit provision to the real economy. The Scheme’s design built in direct incentives for banks to support lending to the real economy, by linking both the price and quantity of funding available through the Scheme to their lending performance. This paper looks for evidence of the effectiveness of these incentives, exploiting a modification of the Scheme’s design for its extension in April 2013 to help identify changes in credit supply from credit demand. Specifically, the change sharpened incentives to lend to SMEs, relative to larger ones. This facilitates using a difference-in-difference approach, exploiting bank-level data on UK banking groups, to look for a direct impact of incentives on credit supply, considering larger companies as a control group. On the basis of the available dataset, it is not possible to identify that this change in the incentive structure of the FLS directly boosted loan growth to SMEs, relative to large firms, between the extension of the Scheme and the end of 2013. The results seem robust to using different metrics of credit supply. However, the dataset is unavoidably small, both in terms of number of lenders covered and the length of the period after the modification of the design. More generally, reductions in lenders’ market funding costs since the FLS’ introduction may have lessened banks’ incentives to use draw on the Scheme, and so the impact of incentives within it.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 40
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers no. 210
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungshandel ; Wirtschaftsdaten ; Ausländische Tochtergesellschaft ; Regulierung ; Wettbewerb ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Belgien ; Finnland ; Deutschland ; Italien ; Japan ; Schweden ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents evidence on how services trade restrictions influence the decisions and performance of firms engaged in international markets, drawing on micro-data from Belgium, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It first describes the patterns of services exports and affiliate sales at the firm level, uncovering a number of stylised facts about the firms engaged in international trade in services, their choices of modes of supply and the links between services trade and manufacturing activities. The report then relates these outcomes to services trade policy barriers in destination markets as measured by the OECD STRI. It demonstrates that complex and restrictive regulatory environments limit the volume of services that firms are able to trade as well as the number of firms that engage with those markets. Hence services trade restrictions reflect not only ad valorem trade costs, but also fixed and sunk costs. Such barriers do not affect all firms equally. Restrictive services trade regulations disproportionately discourage SMEs. Size, productivity and previous exporting experience appear to be decisive factors in dealing with at-the-border and behind-the-border trade barriers. Finally, the cost of regulatory compliance is lower for foreign-owned firms with headquarters located in the export destination country and for firms that trade bundles of services and manufacturing products, than it is for pure services exporters.
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 41
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 197
    Schlagwort(e): Auslandsverlagerung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Import ; Wettbewerb ; Arbeitsmarkt ; China ; Europa ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the effects of offshoring, technology and Chinese import competition on labor market polarization in European countries. We find that polarization occurs mostly as a result of polarization within individual industries, while the reallocation of employment away from less polarized industries towards more highly polarized industries also contributed to a lesser extent. In manufacturing, within-industry polarization is mostly associated with technological change, but we also find some tentative evidence that Chinese import competition contributed as well. In other private industries outside of manufacturing, technological change and offshoring are the most relevant forces affecting within-industry polarization. The process of between-industry polarization is driven by widespread deindustrialization in developed countries. We find that Chinese import competition contributed to the decline of employment in the less polarized manufacturing industries. Differences in labor market institutions only explain a limited amount of cross-country variation in the association of polarization and the three forces we consider.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 42
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1426
    Schlagwort(e): Industriepolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Investition ; Kapitalintensität ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftliche Konvergenz ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The United Kingdom is preparing a modern industrial strategy to boost labour productivity across the whole country and to narrow regional gaps in living standards. This raises the question of the optimal allocation of scarce resources in meeting these targets. This study identifies industrial strengths of each region and scope to boost regional productivity through the channel of higher capital intensity. Overall regional investment ratios appear weakly linked to regional productivity, but the sectoral composition of regions and their type of investment are more important determinants. Each region has productivity leaders, but the concentration of such firms is the highest in the south of England. Differences in the representation of the most productive firms in regions are strongly related to differences in regional productivity. The empirical methodology quantifies the productivity effects of raising the capital intensity in each sector-region, focusing on viable firms falling behind the national productivity frontier in all but the finance and insurance sectors over 1995-2014. To enhance labour productivity of lagging regions, the industrial strategy should promote the catch up of firms with the national best performers in services sectors, in particular knowledge intensive services such as ICT and business services, but also wholesale and retail trade. This finding is consistent with the UK’s leading global position in high value-added services sectors. The type of investment matters: boosting research and development in the manufacturing sector in some lagging regions would also be effective in stimulating productivity. Manufacturing investment cannot be a substitute to investment in services given the small size of the manufacturing sector and its high exposure to competition from rapidly emerging global hubs. However, this study does not quantify the effects of skills, the benefits of greater industrial diversification and the positive impact that larger cities would have on agglomeration effects.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing | Brussels : European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
    ISBN: 9789264283589
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Serie: State of Health in the EU
    Schlagwort(e): 2010-2015 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Großbritannien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Kurzfassung: This report looks at the state of health in United Kingdom.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264282674
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: United Kingdom (stage 1)
    Schlagwort(e): Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Großbritannien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United Kingdom, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices.
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264279063
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Illicit Trade
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Trade in counterfeit products and the UK economy
    Schlagwort(e): Produktpiraterie ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Großbritannien ; Governance ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: The modern structure of the UK economy is largely based on knowledge, ideas and innovation and its well integrated global value chains. These factors help boost the country’s economic growth, but at the same time they make it highly susceptible to the risk of trade in counterfeit goods. This risk negatively affects UK rights holders, the UK government, and the reputation of UK firms. This report measures the direct, economic effects of counterfeiting on consumers, retail and manufacturing industry and governments in the United Kingdom. It does so from two perspectives: the impact on these three groups of imports of fake products into the UK, and the impact of the global trade in fake products on UK intellectual property rights holders.
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264269972 , 9789264269231 , 9789264297388
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Business dynamics and productivity
    Schlagwort(e): Unternehmenswachstum ; Unternehmensgründung ; Produktivität ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Belgien ; Brasilien ; Kanada ; Costa Rica ; Japan ; Neuseeland ; Norwegen ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Bericht ; Unternehmensentwicklung ; Produktivität
    Kurzfassung: This publication focuses on business dynamics across eight countries (Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, United Kingdom) and over time, building upon the evidence collected in the framework of the OECD DynEmp project for 22 countries. It provides new evidence on firms’ heterogeneous responses to shocks (notably the recent financial crisis) in order to evaluate how policies and framework conditions across different firms and countries can foster both employment and productivity growth.
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  • 47
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD statistics working papers 2016, 04
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitslosigkeit ; Befristete Beschäftigung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Sozialer Indikator ; Zufriedenheit ; Lebensgemeinschaft ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the extent to which unemployment and temporary work – two forms of labour market insecurity – affect different aspects of subjective well-being (i.e. life satisfaction, psychological well-being and satisfaction with partnership) among legally married and cohabiting couples in the United Kingdom. Drawing on matched data for couples from the British Household Panel Study, the paper shows that both forms of labour market insecurity, when experienced by the male partner, lower significantly the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of the female partner; women’s temporary work also slightly lowers men’s psychological well-being. The impact of spousal labour market insecurity depends, however, on the employment status of the individual: after controlling for financial strain, psychological well-being and life-satisfaction of both partners in a couple are hampered the most when men are economically dependent on their female partners. In the case of partnership satisfaction, results differ from the other two subjective well-being outcomes: while unemployment of the female partner is associated with higher satisfaction for men, partnership satisfaction is particularly low when both partners experience either form of labour market insecurity. These effects are robust after controlling for fixed individual characteristics that can influence both employment status and well-being outcomes.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264239487
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD reviews of health care quality: United Kingdom 2016
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitsversorgung ; Großbritannien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Gesundheitswesen ; Medizinische Versorgung
    Kurzfassung: Health systems in the United Kingdom have, for many years, made the quality of care a highly visible priority, internationally pioneering many tools and policies to assure and improve the quality of care. A key challenge, however, is to understand why, despite being a global leader in quality monitoring and improvement, the United Kingdom does not consistently demonstrate strong performance on international benchmarks of quality. This report reviews the quality of health care in the England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, seeking to highlight best practices, and provides a series of targeted assessments and recommendations for further quality gains in health care. To secure continued quality gains, the four health systems will need to balance top-down approaches to quality management and bottom-up approaches to quality improvement; publish more quality and outcomes data disaggregated by country; and, establish a forum where the key officials and clinical leaders from the four health systems responsible for quality of care can meet on a regular basis to learn from each other’s innovations.
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  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264254855
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Financial education in Europe
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzwissen ; Europa ; Education ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Bericht ; Europa ; Finanzwissenschaft
    Kurzfassung: This publication provides an overview of the recent trends and developments in financial education policies and programmes in Europe. It describes the status of national strategies for financial education and various financial education programmes targeting a variety of audiences and through a variety of delivery channels. Based on the analysis of these initiatives, the report offers policy and practical suggestions for European policy makers and other stakeholders.
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264257290
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Migration ; Europa
    Kurzfassung: The OECD series Recruiting Immigrant Workers comprises country studies of labour migration policies. Each volume analyses whether migration policy is being used effectively and efficiently to help meet labour needs, without adverse effects on labour markets. It focuses mainly on regulated labour migration movements over which policy has immediate and direct oversight. This particular volume looks at the efficiency of European Union instruments for managing labour migration.
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1274
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensverteilung ; Europa ; Economics ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Top earners have become the subject of intense public and scholarly debate. This is the first paper that comprehensively documents the profiles of the 1% highest paid employees across 18 European countries. The data come from the largest harmonised source available, an employer-based survey that covers the labour income of 10 million employees, excluding the self-employed. The patterns that emerge are broadly common across countries. Workers in the top 1% tend to be 40 to 60 years old, be men, have tertiary education, work in finance or manufacturing, and be senior managers. The analysis also uncovers several cross-country differences. For example, top earners are younger in Eastern Europe, and they include more women in countries with higher overall female employment. The new estimates in this paper are similar to related ones based on administrative records in the few countries for which such studies exist, indicating that the sample is broadly representative of the characteristics of top earners.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 52
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (Leed) working papers 2015, 02
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2015/02
    Schlagwort(e): Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Swansea ; Wales ; Großbritannien ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This working paper examines the local initiatives in Neath, Port Talbot and Swansea in South West Wales to re-integrate elderly economically inactive workers into the local labour market. The core initiative analysed is the Life Skills for Older People Project, which works with local and regional governments to provide customised education and training for job seekers and the long-term unemployed aged 50 or above. The analysis of the economic impact and the achievements of the project found that custom support and personal development were effective in empowering older workers to re-enter work in the private and voluntary sector. The role of South West Wales’ industrial past in shaping the education and skills profile of older workers is also examined.
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264240353 , 9789264233386
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Fiscal sustainability of health systems
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitsfinanzierung ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Gesundheitswesen ; Finanzierung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Frankreich ; Großbritannien ; Niederlande
    Kurzfassung: The health systems we enjoy today, and expected medical advances in the future, will be difficult to finance from public resources without major reforms. Public health spending in OECD countries has grown rapidly over most of the last half century. These spending increases have contributed to important progress in population health: for example, life expectancy at birth has increased, rising on average by ten years since 1970. The challenge now is to sustain and enhance these achievements in a context of tight fiscal constraints in many countries combined with upward pressure on health spending from factors such as new technological advances and demographic changes. Finding policies that can make health spending more sustainable without compromising important achievements in access and quality requires effective co-operation between health and finance ministries. Sound governance and co-ordination mechanisms are therefore essential to ensure effective policy choices. Prepared by both public finance and health experts, this report provides a unique detailed overview of institutional frameworks for financing health care in OECD countries. One of the main features of this book is a comprehensive mapping of budgeting practices and governance structure in health across OECD countries.
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204997
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Serie: Mental Health and Work
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Mental health and work
    Schlagwort(e): Psychische Krankheit ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Berufstätigkeit ; Psychische Störung
    Kurzfassung: Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on the United Kingdom is the sixth in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries.
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264226579
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Serie: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Großbritannien ; Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Kurzfassung: This review of the development co-operation efforts of the United Kingdom examines its policies, performance and implementation. It takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
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  • 56
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264217188
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Serie: Connecting People with Jobs
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Connecting people with jobs
    Schlagwort(e): Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This report examines recent activation policies in the United Kingdom aimed at moving people back into work. It offers insight into how countries can improve the effectiveness of their employment services and also control spending on benefits. The United Kingdom's policies have helped limit the rise in unemployment during the crisis. It has been at the forefront of reform efforts by OECD countries to transform and modernise policies designed to help the unemployed find work, through major new programmes such as Universal Credit and the Work Programme. Although time is needed for these to gain momentum as well as for a full evaluation of their impact to be carried out, the report identifies a number of areas where consideration should be given to additional measures or adjustments to existing ones.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264118164
    Sprache: Englisch
    Ausgabe: 2011
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Peer Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Großbritannien ; Großbritannien ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuerrecht
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264118164
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Serie: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Großbritannien ; Taxation ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuerrecht
    Kurzfassung: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264094444
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD rural policy reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungsplanung ; England ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Regionalplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Kurzfassung: Rural England plays a significant role in the economy of the United Kingdom, but an even larger social and cultural role. And it is unique among OECD regions, in that it is geographically compact, with rural inhabitants generally no more than a half hour’s drive from an urban area. There is thus a vast amount of interaction between rural and urban populations in England. England’s rural population is, on average, doing better than the urban population across a broad range of socio-economic indicators. Nevertheless, rural England is also struggling with pockets of poverty and social exclusion, difficulties in maintaining access to high quality public services, an ageing population, and, most importantly, a widespread shortage of affordable housing. The government has adopted mainstreaming as its rural policy strategy. The objective of mainstreaming is to ensure that people in rural England have access to the same policies and programmes as those available in urban England. While mainstreaming is an attractive policy approach, especially in a country with strong rural-urban interactions such as England, it has proved challenging to implement for different reasons. This report examines the mainstreaming policy response as applied to rural England and suggests ways to increase its effectiveness. The report will interest academics and policy makers alike as it includes a discussion on governance structures and decentralisation; delivering public services; economic development; and the importance of improving connectivity in the context of rural areas. While the focus is on rural England, other OECD member countries will also benefit from the insights provided.
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264084490
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (170 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Better Regulation in Europe
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Better regulation in Europe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Regulierung ; Großbritannien ; Governance ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Regulierung ; Volkswirtschaft
    Kurzfassung: This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for the United Kingdom, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
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  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076525
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Reprise économique, innovation et croissance durable ; Le rôle crucial des régions
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Regions matter
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Regionales Wachstum ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Statistik ; Europa ; Regionalentwicklung ; USA ; Korea ; Japan ; Mexiko ; Geschichte 1995-2005
    Kurzfassung: Why do some regions grow faster than others, and in ways that do not always conform to economic theory? This is a central issue in today’s economic climate, when policy makers are looking for ways to stimulate new and sustainable growth. OECD work suggests that there is no one-size-fits-all answer to regional growth policy. Rather, regions grow in very varied ways and the simple concentration of resources in a place is not sufficient for long-term growth. This report draws on OECD analysis of regional data (including where growth happens, country-by-country), policy reviews and case studies. It argues that it is how investments are made, regional assets used and synergies exploited that can make the difference. Public investment should prioritise longer-term impacts on productivity growth and combine measures in an integrated way. This suggests an important role for regional policies in shaping growth and economic recovery policies, but also challenges policy makers to implement policy reforms.
    Anmerkung: Franz. Ausg.u.d.T.: Reprise économique, innovation et croissance durable
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  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056015
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Serie: West African Studies
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les enjeux régionaux des migrations ouest-africaines ; Perspectives africaines et européennes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Trémolières, Marie Regional challenges of West African migration
    DDC: 325/.266
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Economic Community of West African States ; Internationale Migration ; Westafrika ; Internationale Migration ; Zuwanderer ; Repatriierung ; Migrationspolitik ; Freizügigkeit ; Internationale Organisation ; Politik ; Fallstudie ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Westafrika ; Europa ; Maghreb ; Mauretanien ; Senegal ; Westafrika ; Flüchtling
    Kurzfassung: This publication presents contributions by international experts on various aspects of West African migration. It provides a contrasting perspective to current debates which essentially focus on security issues. This rather non-institutional approach promotes a constant dialogue based on analyses of the actual situation: the authors encourage "win-win" mobility for all parties involved (Europe, North Africa and West Africa), whether it be a host, transit or departure country.
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044258
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (135 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The Marshall Plan
    DDC: 338.91/7304
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): 1947-2007 ; Wirtschaftlicher Wiederaufbau ; Europa ; Economics ; Marshall-Plan
    Kurzfassung: This book examines the historical, diplomatic, economic, and strategic aspects of the European Recovery Program (ERP) - popularly known as the Marshall Plan - which brought Europe out of the chaos, hunger, poverty, desperation, and ashes of World War II. In it, authors from a variety of countries who are scholars, policy makers, and business leaders, address applications of the Marshall Plan’s lessons learned to the 21st century for capacity building, human and sustainable development, and the role of public, private partnerships in emerging market economies and democratic societies. "There are not many of us left who served through the Marshall Plan from its beginning, and fewer still who served time in the Hotel Talleyrand in Paris, the site of the anniversary celebration, in June 2007, of Secretary George C. Marshall’s 1947 commencement address launching the European Recovery Program. There are, though, scholars who can address those times and evaluate them so that the experience can live on. "The dedication of the Hotel de Talleyrand as a memorial to that unique enterprise provided the opportunity; and the analyses and evaluations in this splendid volume, The Marshall Plan: Lessons Learned for the 21st Century, reflect the excitement, as well as the accomplishments, of an economic enterprise that produced the infrastructure of NATO and the European Union. Long live the spirit of Marshall’s vision!" -Thomas C. Schelling, Marshall Plan alumnus, Washington, Copenhagen, Paris, Washington, ’48-‘53, Nobel Prize in Economics 2005 "A historical event is and remains crucial when it interacts with others in such a way as to contribute to a deep and positive change in the course of history. In this sense, the Marshall Plan made an outstanding and lasting contribution. It was instrumental to overcoming the temptation of isolationism in the US, to reviving our badly needed economic recovery and gave a decisive input to coordinating our national efforts, thus paving the way to our future European integration." When I think of the world as it would have been without the Marshall Plan, I am encouraged to conclude that even in our challenging times, another, better world is possible. This collection of well written contributions and analyses, The Marshall Plan: Lessons Learned for the 21st Century , further strengthens my convictions. -Giuliano Amato, Former Prime Minister, ItalyFormer Vice President, European Constitutional Assembly
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264046474
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Serie: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als United Kingdom
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Kurzfassung: Getting off to a good start in one's working life facilitates integration into the world of work and lays the foundation for a good career, while a failure can be difficult to make up. This report on the UK report contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264043282
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Serie: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als More than just jobs
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Australien ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Kurzfassung: "Job placement” has been the traditional goal of labour and employment policies, but this report argues otherwise. To stay competitive in a globalised economy, governments must also strive to enhance the skills of workers, increase their productivity and provide upward mobility to immigrants and the disadvantaged. This report provides valuable insights into how labour policies can be expanded to meet economic development and social cohesion goals, while also reconciling national and local concerns. Studies from seven OECD countries are presented (Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States), each analysing attempts to expand workforce development policies and bridge the gap between national and local initiatives. Included are various types of government/private sector partnerships in the United States, regional training in France and Australia’s efforts to customise policies to local needs. Based on the country studies, the report then makes specific recommendations and suggestions on how workforce development policies can be expanded and improved.
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264043282
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. More than just jobs
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als More than just jobs
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Australien ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Großbritannien ; USA ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264038165
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (178 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Maladie, invalidité et travail ; surmonter les obstacles (Vol. 2) ; Australie, Espagne, Luxembourg et Royaume-Uni
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Maladie, invalidité et travail : surmonter les obstacles (Vol. 2) : Australie, Espagne, Luxembourg et Royaume-Uni
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Australia, Luxembourg, Spain and the United Kingdom
    Schlagwort(e): Erwerbsunfähigkeit ; Krankheit ; Australien ; Luxemburg ; Spanien ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Luxembourg ; Spain ; United Kingdom ; Australien ; Luxemburg ; Spanien ; Großbritannien ; Krankheit ; Erwerbsunfähigkeit
    Kurzfassung: Too many workers leave the labour market permanently due to health problems, and yet too many people with a disabling condition are denied the opportunity to work. This second report in the OECD series Sickness, Disability and Work explores the possible factors behind this paradox. It looks specifically at the cases of Australia, Luxembourg, Spain and the United Kingdom, and highlights the roles of institutions and policies. A range of reform recommendations is put forward to deal with specific challenges facing the four countries.
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  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282113813
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (81 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les liaisons de transport entre l'Europe et l'Asie
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transport Links between Europe and Asia (Russian version)
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Transportation and state Asia ; Transportation and state Europe ; Transport ; Asia Commerce ; Europe Commerce ; Europa ; Internationaler Güterverkehr ; Landweg ; Asien ; Außenhandel ; Landverkehr ; Festland ; Containerverkehr
    Kurzfassung: Land links between Europe and Asia can offer a viable alternative to sea transport. However, the provision of efficient land links between Europe and Asia requires appropriate policy decisions on issues such as the development of adequate infrastructure and the removal of regulatory or institutional barriers that prevent the development of efficient transport services. This publication features the recommendations approved by the Ministers and the “Report on Trends in Europe-Asia Trade and Consequences for Transport." It also includes the plan of action approved by Ministers to facilitate intermodal transport between Europe and Asia and the conclusions of a previous seminar in Kiev on “Intermodal Transport between Europe and Asia: Opportunities and Challenges”.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264036581
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les mécanismes du marché au service de la pêche ; Comment faciliter leur utilisation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les mécanismes du marché au service de la pêche
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Using market mechanisms to manage fisheries
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Fischereipolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Island ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Norwegen ; Spanien ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Agriculture and Food ; Fischerei ; Management ; Marktmechanismus
    Kurzfassung: In demystifying the concept of market-like instruments, this study explains how to make better use of market-like instruments in fisheries management by identifying practical steps that can be taken to further their use. The findings of the study are based on a survey of the use of market-like instruments in OECD fisheries in which the key characteristics of these instruments in different countries are identified. It finds that market-like instruments have generally improved the economic efficiency of the sector, and have helped to ensure the sustainability of fish stocks.
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264013308
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Local governance and the drivers of growth
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftswachstum ; Globalisierung ; Innovation ; Qualifikation ; Entrepreneurship ; Sozialkapital ; Governance-Ansatz ; Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Europa ; USA ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Kommunalpolitik ; Regionalentwicklung ; Innovationsförderung ; Wachstumspolitik ; Kommunalpolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Innovationsmanagement
    Kurzfassung: Innovation, skills, entrepreneurship and social cohesion are key drivers of growth, and essential goals of effective economic development strategies. Each has a strong governance component, which requires real partnership between government, business and civil society. In this book, the OECD has brought together top world experts to translate policy lessons into concrete recommendations that will help policy makers and practitioners make the best governance decisions to stimulate growth.
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264006729 , 9789264006737 , 9789264006720
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (247 p)
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Science and innovation
    DDC: 338.06409177
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Diffusion of innovations Government policy ; Economic aspects ; Technological innovations Government policy ; Economic aspects ; Österreich ; Innovationsförderung ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Wachstumspolitik ; Finnland ; Japan ; Niederlande ; Schweden ; Großbritannien
    Kurzfassung: This publication examines the relationship between innovation policy and economic performance in six OECD countries. In-depth analyses highlight countries' strengths and weaknesses in innovation, as well as the effectiveness of their innovation policies in driving economic performance. Taken together, the country studies indicate that countries share a need to adapt, or even profoundly change, their innovation policies in order to deal with opportunities and threats posed by new technological and economic developments.--Publisher's description
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 226-231) , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264009295
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 4) ; Canada, Finlande, Royaume-Uni, Suède
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 4) : Canada, Finlande, Royaume-Uni, Suède
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Babies and bosses ; Vol. 4: Canada, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom
    Schlagwort(e): Familie ; Familienpolitik ; Kinder ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; Kanada ; Finnland ; Schweden ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Finland ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; Familienbeihilfe ; Eltern
    Kurzfassung: This book considers how a wide range of policies, including tax/benefit policies, childcare policy, and employment and workplace practices help determine parental labour market outcomes and may impinge on family formation and ultimately the current and future labour supply. It covers Canada (in particular the province of Québec), Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom and also includes some options for policy reform towards a better reconciliation of work and family commitments in the four countries in question. Other Babies and Bosses volumes cover Australia, Denmark and the Netherlands, which was published in 2002; Austria, Ireland and Japan, which was published in 2003; and New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland; which was released in 2004. An overview issue that will include key indicators on family-friendly policies in all OECD countries will be released later in 2005.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264109629
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Energy Market Experience
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Cooke, Doug Learning from the blackouts
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Deregulierung ; Europa ; Nordamerika ; Australien ; Energy ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Australien ; Europa ; USA ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Sicherheitsanalyse ; Stromausfall ; Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz ; Deregulierung
    Kurzfassung: Electricity market reform has fundamentally changed the environment for maintaining reliable and secure power supplies, creating a more integrated and dynamic network environment with new real-time challenges for reliable and secure transmission system operation. But despite these fundamental changes, system operating rules and practices remain largely unchanged. The major blackouts of 2003 and 2004 raised important questions about the appropriateness of these arrangements. This publication presents case studies drawn from recent large-scale blackouts in Europe, North America, and Australia. It concludes that a comprehensive, integrated policy response is required to avoid preventable large-scale blackouts in the future.
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  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264109605
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Energy Market Experience
    Paralleltitel: Buchausg. u.d.T. Stridbaek, Ulrik Lessons from liberalised electricity markets
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Deregulierung ; USA (Nordoststaaten) ; Australien ; Großbritannien ; Nordeuropa ; Energy ; Australien ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Liberalisierung ; Markteffizienz ; Elektrizitätsmarkt ; Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz ; Energieversorgung ; Elektrizitätseinspeisung ; Deregulierung
    Kurzfassung: This book assesses experience in reforming electricity markets in OECD countries over the past decade, focusing on the issues that are critical for successful liberalisation. Experiences and examples in the study are drawn mainly from the UK, Australian, Nordic and North Eastern United States (the PJM interconnection) markets, which have all operated with considerable success for a number of years. The issues covered in the study are: the rationale and benefits of liberalisation; the governance required to create effective competition; the role of prices and transparent wholesale markets; consumer protection; incentives for investment, and impact of addressing security of supply and environmental policy.
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282112830
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.115
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le transport routier de marchandises pour compte propre en Europe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Europa ; Straßengüterverkehr
    Kurzfassung: Road freight transport for own account represents a major share of inland transport in Europe and, depending on the country concerned, accounts for two to five times the tonnage carried by rail. Despite its importance, however, own account transport tends to be overlooked since it is not regarded as a logistics activity, whereas it is, in fact, a vital transport function that is changing radically as firms increasingly outsource their distribution activities to commercial hauliers. The scale of road freight transport for own account, the impact of regulatory changes and the future of the sector are the themes addressed in the introductory reports and the experts’ discussions outlined in this publication.
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180277
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Assainir le parc automobile ; Programmes de renouvellement et de mise à la casse
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Cleaner cars
    DDC: 363.738/7
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Kraftfahrzeug ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Schrott ; Europa ; Welt ; Transport ; Wirtschaftskreislauf ; Recyclinggerechte Konstruktion ; Verwertung ; Kraftfahrzeug
    Kurzfassung: Pollution from transport is being cut substantially through exhaust emissions regulations and vehicle manufacturers’ investments in cleaner technologies. The benefits of these improvements, however, are delayed as car fleet renewal takes a decade on average in Europe. Car scrappage schemes can be used to accelerate the uptake of new, cleaner vehicles. This publication analyses the effectiveness of these programmes in protecting the environment and reviews the schemes introduced to date in Europe and North America. Three complementary issues are addressed to help make pragmatic recommendations:- What are the effects of scrapping schemes on the car market and the national economy?- What are the effects of these programmes on the environment?- And can scrappage schemes be useful in former socialist countries?
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264187832
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Méthodes d'analyses comparatives dans les transports ; Méthodologies, applications et données nécessaires
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Transport benchmarking
    DDC: 380
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Benchmarking ; Verkehrssektor ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Luftfrachtverkehr ; Europa ; Welt ; Schienenverkehr ; Transport ; Benchmarking (Management) ; European Union countries ; Transportation and state ; European Union countries ; Benchmarking ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: This conference proceedings defines transport benchmarking, analyzes its usefulness to policy makers and discusses what lessons can be drawn at the national and international level for policy makers. The first part examines the different methodological aspects raised by benchmarking methods. The conference clarified the multiple concepts included in this type of mechanism and identified different practices which range from the simple statistical tool to a genuine policy lever. The second part describes several concrete examples of benchmarking applications in the transport sector. These examples relate in particular to topics such as road safety, rail transport, the environment, public and urban transport, seaports and air cargo, etc. Each chapter of this publication may be read independently. A fundamental message, common to all the examples presented, emerges: it is essential to improve the quality of statistics in order to ensure more reliable transport benchmarking results.
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188174
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'évaluation environnementale stratégique dans le secteur des transports
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Strategic environmental assessment for transport
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrsplanung ; Umweltbewertung ; Europa ; Welt ; Environmental impact analysis ; Transportation Environmental aspects ; Europe ; Environment ; Transport ; Verkehrspolitik ; Güterverkehr ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Kurzfassung: Environmental impact assessments are an essential component of making decisions on transport infrastructure investments. Traditional procedures have proved ineffective for impacts that go beyond the scope of projects in isolation. Strategic environmental assessment has emerged in response, to address large scale effects including impacts on traffic across networks, impacts on climate change and biodiversity and the impacts of policy decisions as opposed simply to individual projects. This report examines recent experience in developing environmental assessment internationally and makes recommendations on maximising the effectiveness of this new tool.
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181694
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Intégration des marchés des transports terrestres européens
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Integration of European inland transport markets
    DDC: 380
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Güterverkehr ; Personenverkehr ; Grenzüberschreitender Verkehr ; Verkehrsrecht ; Rechtsangleichung ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Osteuropa ; Europa ; Schienengüterverkehr ; Europa ; Asien ; Transport ; Europe Economic integration ; Congresses ; Europa ; Transportmarkt ; Integration
    Kurzfassung: The integration of European inland transport markets is a topical issue that has generated a great deal of activity in recent years. The integration of transport markets is a fundamental condition for the development of trade relations and economic activity.This book is an essential tool for all transport professionals. It looks at the most recent transport and investment trends. It then examines the pan-European process of legal harmonisation and adjustment of transport systems and analyses emerging trade and transport links between Europe and Asia. Obstacles at border crossings for international road and rail goods transport are also dealt with along with ways of combating crime in transport. Lastly, the topical issue of public-private partnerships in transport infrastructure financing is tackled and conclusions are presented.
    Anmerkung: Franz. Ausg.u.d.T.: Intégration des marchés des transports terrestres européens
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264163492
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Cnossen, Sijbren, 1936 - Value-added taxes in Central and Eastern European countries
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Umsatzsteuer ; EU-Steuerrecht ; Osteuropa ; Taxation ; Europa ; Vergleich ; Osteuropa ; Umsatzsteuer
    Kurzfassung: This is the first study of the Value-Added Tax (VAT) systems of the ten countries of Central and Eastern Europe preparing for integration into the European Union (EU). The study offers a comparative evaluation of the main features of the VAT systems between the ten countries surveyed and provides a commentary on the development of the VAT systems in line with the VAT legislation of the EU.
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.206
    Schlagwort(e): Retirement Great Britain ; Pensions Great Britain ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Rentenalter
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the retirement decision in the United Kingdom. We distinguish four retirement routes: retirement, unemployment, long-term sickness and other states. The focus of the paper is the impact of pension benefits on retirement transitions. We estimate multinomial logits and Cox proportional hazard rate models, separately for men and women. We conclude that participation in an occupational pension scheme increases the retirement hazard rate for men. The results for women are less clear-cut given the relatively small number of women entitled to an occupational pension scheme ...
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264163188
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Des transports efficients pour l'Europe ; Politiques pour l'internalisation des coûts externes
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Efficient transport for Europe
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Internalisierung externer Effekte ; Verkehrspolitik ; Europa ; Transport ; Europa ; Verkehrswirtschaft ; Soziale Kosten ; Internalisierung
    Kurzfassung: Pollution, accidents and congestion all cause unnecessary welfare losses, and while transport services are an essential component of economic and social development, their negative side effects are drawing increasing political attention. Internalisation aims to create incentives to reduce these external costs by factoring them into markets. This report summarises the theoretical and practical dimensions to internalisation; reviews recent estimates of external costs; explores the mix of policies that might be used to promote internalisation successfully; and estimates the size of incentives required in monetary terms.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264163294
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (312 p.) , ill.
    Serie: ECMT Round Tables no.105
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mobilité induite par les infrastructures
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Infrastructure-induced mobility
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): 07.11.1996 ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrsaufkommen ; Großbritannien ; Österreich ; Spanien ; Transport ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Mobilität
    Kurzfassung: Do roads induce mobility? This might sound like a strange question, yet it only stands to reason that building new roads -- or other infrastructure -- may actually encourage people to use the new additional capacity to travel more. Induced mobility is a hotly debated issue, but the experts are no longer in any doubt that it is a very real phenomenon. However, measuring it is another matter, since we do not have sufficient data or experience in this area. This Round Table presents the data that is available to date on infrastructure-induced mobility. From the introductory reports and discussions, it is clear that much progress has been made in the last few years. As recently as ten years ago, many experts would have disputed the very existence of the induced mobility phenomenon. Today a consensus is emerging: Round Table 105 gives the full report.
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  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163751
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Rapport sur la situation actuelle du transport combiné en Europe
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Report on the current state of combined transport in Europe
    DDC: 388/.094
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Intermodaler Verkehr ; Europa ; Transport ; Europa ; Kombinierter Verkehr
    Kurzfassung: This report on the current state of combined transport in Europe begins with an overview of combined transport in 30 European countries of the ECMT. It deals with both Central and Eastern European Countries that have recently become Members and the long-standing Member countries for which the most recent developments have been highlighted through the updating of a 1992 study on the improvements of main international piggyback links. The scope of the study, beyond road and rail, has been extended to include inland waterways and short-sea shipping, thus permitting a better evaluation of the current weaknesses of the sector and the possible improvements. On the basis of this report, the Council of Ministers of the ECMT has adopted a series of recommendations directed at all parties concerned in the public and private sectors, at both national and international level, regarding certain elements which are needed to achieve a significant improvement in combined transport and to ensure the sustainable development of the latter. These recommendations are also included in this publication.
    Anmerkung: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Rapport sur la situation actuelle du transport combiné en Europe
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163478
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (148 p)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La restructuration des chemins de fer en Europe
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Rail restructuring in Europe
    DDC: 385/.094
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Bahnpolitik ; Deregulierung ; Schienenstrecke ; Europa ; Transport ; Europa ; Eisenbahngesellschaft ; Restrukturierung
    Kurzfassung: Europe's railways are going through a period of radical restructuring in the drive to improve their efficiency and competitiveness. The emphasis is on fostering commercial freedom through a clearer separation of the roles of the State and of rail enterprises and through a progressive opening of access to rail infrastructure. This report examines reforms in over 30 countries from the Atlantic to the Urals, characterizing restructuring in terms of management independence, separation of infrastructure from operations and rights of access to rail infrastructure.
    Anmerkung: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: La restructuration des chemins de fer en Europe
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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