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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (530)
  • 1990-1994  (508)
  • 1960-1964  (20)
  • 1935-1939  (3)
  • Economics  (292)
  • Science (General)  (238)
Material
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Year
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Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Language: German , English
    Pages: 25 cm
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dietl, Clara-Erika, - 1996 Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik
    Keywords: Recht / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Wirtschaft / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Politik / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Englisch / O.b. Wörterbücher, Fachausdrücke0 ; Law ; Dictionaries ; Economics ; Dictionaries ; Political ; Dictionaries ; English ; Dictionaries ; German ; Law ; Dictionaries ; German ; Economics ; Dictionaries ; German ; Political ; Dictionaries ; German ; German ; Dictionaries ; English ; Mehrsprachiges Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Deutsch ; Recht ; Englisch ; Deutsch ; Politik ; Englisch ; Deutsch ; Wirtschaft ; Englisch ; Recht ; Wirtschaft ; Politik
    Note: Teil 1, 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Erdsiek, Gerhard: Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik , Teil 2, 5. Aufl. mit dem Zusatz: Mit Kommentaren in deutscher und englischer Sprache , 1. - 7. Aufl , Ab 2002 parallele CD-ROM-Ausg. u.d.T.: Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik , Teilw. außerdem im Bender-Verl., New York, erschienen
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Uniform Title: Das Kapital
    Keywords: Capital ; Economics
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  • 3
    ISBN: 3320007491
    Language: German
    Edition: Separatausgabe
    Keywords: Capital ; Economics ; Quelle ; Marx, Karl 1818-1883 Das Kapital
    Note: Ausgabe ist identisch mit Bd. 23 - 25 der Werke von Marx und Engels
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264063525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: The Frascati Manual, issued in 1994, is the basic international source of methodology for collecting and using research and development statistics. This fifth edition reflects recent changes in the structure of national science and technology systems and revisions in standard international classifications.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.148
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper describes a number of alternative medium-term scenarios for the OECD economies and related policy stimulations using the OECD world model INTERLINK. The starting point of the analysis is a reference scenario to 2000 featuring a general recovery of the OECD economies to steady state non-inflationary growth. The paper goes on to examine the implications of slower growth for the paths of fiscal balance and public debt, and the changes in policy mix which might be necessary to restore announced fiscal policy objectives whilst limiting damage to the wider range of policy objectives. A further section goes on to examine the simulated effects of changes of fiscal and monetary policy stance on output, employment, inflation and public debt over the medium term ...
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.146
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper forms part of the second round of the OECD Model Comparison Project on "The costs of cutting carbon emissions". It provides an overview of two global general equilibrium models GREEN and 12RT. The comparison exercise was carried out by means of five policy scenarios and a set of additional controlled experiments. The scenarios focus on alternative forms of joint implementation of international agreements to stabilise CO2 emissions ...
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.151
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides evidence on the reductions of NOx/SOx emissions induced by the adoption of carbon abatement policies. It describes the methodology to compute emissions of these pollutants and the way they were introduced in the OECD GREEN model. This required a compromise between the “top-down” structure of the model and the very detailed information that, in principle, is required to compute NOx/SOx emissions. The simulation results suggest that, on average, the reductions relative to Baseline levels of NOx/SOx emissions may be in the same order of magnitude or are higher than the abatement imposed on carbon emissions ...
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.144
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reviews fiscal policy, government indebtedness and its implications for economic performance in OECD countries. Government debt, expenditure and revenue relative to GDP have all risen significantly over the past 15 years and in several countries these trends are unsustainable. The macroeconomic implications of high fiscal deficits and debt levels are considered and the paper finds that while monetary policy played a clear role in generating recovery, the effects of fiscal policy are more mixed. Looking forward, Member countries’ plans for fiscal consolidation are ambitious, but if sustained economic growth is achieved, these plans are achievable. However, if growth is slower, then further fiscal consolidation efforts would be required to keep public debt under control. Finally, the paper considers ways of improving the control over expenditure and the budget process, so as to achieve better fiscal outcomes ...
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.150
    Keywords: Economics ; New Zealand
    Abstract: In the absence of a generally accepted indicator of monetary conditions the current and expected stance of monetary policy remains undefined. However, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, by directly surveying perceived and expected monetary conditions, have enabled both a mean index of current and future monetary conditions, as well as a proxy of respondents’ uncertainty, to be generated. The principal determinants and properties of these survey responses are examined in this paper, including whether: central bank announcements dominate economic fundamentals in determining conditions; the responses are consistent over varying time horizons; and the responses are symmetrical to both a tightening and loosening in policy. The determinants of uncertainty regarding the policy-stance are also investigated empirically. The results indicate that: responses to monetary conditions are highly influenced by the recent past; respondents tend to exaggerate the implications of their short-term ...
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 77 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.147
    Keywords: Economics ; European Union
    Abstract: This paper summarizes the content of the EC’s internal market programme and progress made in its implementation. It analyses the mechanisms which should lead to welfare gains, and reviews a wide variety of micro- and macroeconomic indicators in order to ascertain whether integration has proceeded since the mid-1980s. Policy issues, which are more or less closely linked to the success of the internal market, are also addressed here ...
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264065574
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Analysts and policy makers have made increasing use of patent indicators to analyse the rate and direction of technological activity. The Patents Manual, issued in 1994, provides information on how patent data can be used as indicators, and also shows how these can be linked to other statistics on science, technology and economic activity (R&D, scientific publications, trade, production, etc.).
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 127 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.149
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper reviews trends in health-care expenditure and assesses the main forces underlying the increase since 1960. It then describes and evaluates various health-care reforms. The report argues that top-down budget controls appear to have had some success in reducing the growth in health-care spending but, to be sustainable, they need to be supported by microeconomic reforms. Significant improvements in micro-efficiency and effectiveness can be obtained by improving incentives facing health-care providers. Policy developments in a few leading countries suggest that a system where funders/insurers act as purchasers, contracting with competing health-care providers, is a promising model for reform. A statistical annex assesses whether differences in institutional arrangements for funding and providing health care explain international differences in health expenditure ...
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 72 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.145
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Part I of this paper describes the international sectoral data base, the ISDB, which has been created at the OECD as part of the continuing study of industrial structure and economic performance in OECD Member countries. This data base relates primarily to sectoral output and primary factor inputs used in 14 OECD Member countries. Part II of the paper presents a number of summary statistics derived from the data base for the period 1970 to 1989 related to economic structure and sectoral growth. The second edition of this paper has maintained the structure of the original paper. Changes are mainly in the detailed sources by country and the statistics derived from the data base. ISDB is available on diskettes. An order form is attached at the end of this paper ...
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401105118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 v. (various pagings)) , ill
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: Section A : In vitro methods of gene transfer to plant cells1. PEG-mediated direct gene transfer and electroporation -- 2. Gene transfer to plants via particle bombardment -- Section B: Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer to plant cells -- 1. Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer to plant cells: cointegrate and binary vector systems -- 2. Specialized vectors for gene tagging and expression studies -- 3. Agrobacterium molecular genetics -- 4. Genetic manipulation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains to improve transformation of recalcitrant plant species -- 5. Transient expression assays using GUS constructs and fluorometric detection for analysis of T-DNA transfer -- 6. Agrobacterium inoculation techniques for plant tissues -- Section C: Selectable and screenable markers for plant transformation -- 1. Antibiotic-resistance markers for plant transformation -- 2. Reporter genes for plants -- 3. Opines as screenable markers for plant transformation -- Section D: Nucleic acid extraction from plant tissue -- 1. Extraction of total cellular DNA from plants, algae and fungi -- 2. Isolation and characterization of nuclear scaffolds -- 3. Isolation of plant mitochondria and mitochondrial nucleic acids -- 4. Isolation of chloroplasts and chloroplast DNA -- 5. Isolation of total, poly (A) and polysomal RNA from plant tissues -- Section E: Transcription and translation systems -- 1. Assay for gene expression using run-on transcription in isolated nuclei -- 2. Preparation of an in vitro transcription system of plant origin, with methods and templates for assessing its fidelity -- Section F: Blotting and gene detection systems -- 1. Southern, Northern and Western blot analysis -- 2. Screening of cDNA expression libraries with synthetic oligonucleotides for DNA-binding proteins -- 3. Non-radioactive nucleic acid detection systems -- Section G: In situ hybridization and immunodetection -- 1. RNA in situ hybridization in plants -- 2. In situ hybridization to plant metaphase chromosomes using digoxigenin labeled nucleic acid sequences -- Section H: Cloning and detection of DNA sequences from large DNA molecules -- 1. Methods for generating plant genomic libraries Marjory -- 2. Construction of plant yeast artificial chromosome libraries -- 3. Preparation of high molecular weight plant DNA and analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis -- 4. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers -- Section I: Protein-nucleic acid interaction analyses -- 1. Gel mobility shift assay -- 2. Optimization of DNase I footprinting experiments -- 3. Analyses of plant chromatin and in vivo protein-DNA interactions -- 4. Expression and characterization of recombinant plant trans-acting factors -- Section J: Subcellular targeting of proteins -- 1. In vitro import of proteins into chloroplasts -- 2. In vitro targeting of proteins to mitochondria -- 3. Targeting of proteins to the vacuole -- 4. Visualizing protein import into the plant cell nucleus -- Section K: Gene tagging using transposons -- 1. Gene tagging by endogenous transposons -- 2. Heterologous transposon tagging as a tool for the isolation of plant genes.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401095921
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. An Overview of the Evolution of the U.S. Pecan Industry -- 2. Pecan Production -- 3. Pecan Physiology and Composition -- 4. Pecan Processing -- 5. Mechanization of Post-Harvest Pecan Processing -- 6. Microbiology and Sanitation -- 7. Pecan Composition -- 8. Methods for Measurement of Pecan Quality -- 9. Structure and Performance of the Pecan Market -- Appendix: Further Reading.
    Abstract: Flavorwise and texturewise pecans are the "Queen of the Edible Nuts. " This has been verified by salters, bakers, confectioners and ice cream manufacturers in America and western Europe. Hickory nuts and macadamia nuts are close behind, but are available only in limited supply. Pecans are among the nuts highest in oil content. In general, the varieties of nuts with the highest oil content are also rich in flavor and tender in texture. Some varieties of pecans (i. e. , Schley and Curtis) have been shown to contain as much as 76% oil. The oil in pecans is highly unsaturated, which means it is desirable from a nutritional standpoint but that it is also highly susceptible to oxidation which can cause pecans to tum stale and rancid. Pecans used in confections, bakery goods, cereals, or in snacks are more subject to staleness and rancidity than most nuts because these products are often stored at ambient temperatures. For this reason, pecans are considered to be semi-perishable and are not used in some "fine" products due to their limited shelf-life. Research at the Georgia Experiment Station has shown that raw pecans or most pecan products may be held in good condition for more than 20 years if freezing is the mode of preservation. However, development of new products demands that pecans be stored at ambient temperatures for extended intervals. Pecan 'meat' is easily bruised during shelling and handling.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. An Overview of the Evolution of the U.S. Pecan Industry2. Pecan Production -- 3. Pecan Physiology and Composition -- 4. Pecan Processing -- 5. Mechanization of Post-Harvest Pecan Processing -- 6. Microbiology and Sanitation -- 7. Pecan Composition -- 8. Methods for Measurement of Pecan Quality -- 9. Structure and Performance of the Pecan Market -- Appendix: Further Reading.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401108881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 307 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 19
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Endogenous growth (Economics) ; Economics ; History ; Econometrics. ; Economic development. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: This book is concerned with the problems of whether a utility concept that is cardinal -- insofar as ratios between utility differences are significant -- exists or not, whether it is useful -- e.g. in creating testable models of behaviour -- or whether a merely ordinal preference function will do for all purposes. Some selected highlights from the debate between cardinalists and ordinalists are analyzed, but essentially this is a presentation of fresh elements in the case for cardinalism. Special themes analyzed include the distinction between utility and risk attitude, motivating decisions in case of uncertainty, multiperiod allocations and complementarity. Empirical evidence is presented and it seems that attempts at measuring utility give amazing results. The book will interest researchers, teachers and advanced students in economics, economic psychology, welfare theory and themes concerned with human behaviour
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461535546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 302 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Base oils from petroleum -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Base oil composition -- 1.3 Products and specifications -- 1.4 Conventional base oil manufacturing methods -- 1.5 Modern catalytic processes -- 1.6 Future developments -- References -- 2 Synthetic base fluids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Polyalphaolefins -- 2.3 Alkylated aromatics -- 2.4 Polybutenes -- 2.5 Synthetic esters -- 2.6 Polyalkylene glycols -- 2.7 Phosphate esters -- References -- 3 Detergents/dispersants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Detergents -- 3.3 Dispersants -- 3.4 Other lubricants -- 3.5 Performance evaluation -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Autoxidation of hydrocarbons -- 4.3 Oxidation stability of base oils -- 4.4 Inhibition of oxidative degradation of lubricants -- 4.5 Application of antioxidants -- 4.6 Future antioxidant technology -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Viscosity index improvers and thickeners -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overview of VI improver chemistry -- 5.3 Chemistry and manufacture of commercial VI improvers -- 5.4 Function and properties -- 5.5 Performance -- 5.6 Prognosis for future developments -- References -- 6 Miscellaneous additives -- 6.1 Friction modifiers -- 6.2 Pour point depressants -- 6.3 Demulsifiers and antifoams -- 6.4 Corrosion inhibitors -- Reference -- 7 The formulation of automotive lubricants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 What type of lubricant is wanted? -- 7.3 Why there are so many types oflubricant -- 7.4 Multifunctional lubricants -- 7.5 Definition oflubricant performance -- 7.6 Lubricant formulation—the physical phase -- 8 Industrial lubricants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Bearing lubricants -- 8.3 Compressor lubricants -- 8.4 Hydraulic lubricants (fluids) -- 8.5 Industrial gear lubricants -- 8.6 Turbine lubricants -- 8.7 Metalworking lubricants -- 8.8 Specialities -- References -- 9 Aviation lubricants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Lubrication of rotary engines -- 9.3 Lubrication of conventional aircraft piston engines -- 9.4 Lubrication of aircraft turbine engines -- 9.5 Aircraft hydraulic fluids -- 9.6 Helicopter gearboxes -- 9.7 Undercarriage lubrication -- 9.8 Airframe lubrication -- 9.9 Safety aspects of aircraft lubrication -- 9.10 Space lubrication -- References -- 10 Marine lubricants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Marine diesel engines -- 10.3 Fuel oil -- 10.4 Base oils -- 10.5 Additives -- 10.6 Properties and formulation of marine lubricants -- 10.7 System oils -- 10.8 Cylinder oils -- 10.9 Trunk piston engine oils -- 10.10 Used oil analysis -- References -- 11 Lubricating grease -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Structure and properties -- 11.3 Chemistry -- 11.4 Applications -- 11.5 Future developments -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Anti-wear additives -- 12.3 Extreme-pressure additives -- 12.4 Mechanisms of action of anti-wear and EP additives -- 12.5 Application of different classes of additive -- 12.6 Future developments -- References -- 13 Lubricants and their environmental impact -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Collection of waste lubricant -- 13.3 Treatment of collected lubricant -- 13.4 Re-refined base oil quality -- 13.5 Health and safety aspects of re-refined oil -- 13.6 Environmental considerations of waste lubricant -- 13.7 Environmental impact of ‘consumed’ lubricant -- 13.8 Biodegradation tests for oils -- 13.9 Future trends -- References -- Further reading.
    Abstract: The use oflubricants began in ancient times and has developed into a major international business through the need to lubricate machines of increasing complexity. The impetus for lubricant development has arisen from need, so lubricatingpractice has precededan understandingofthescientificprinciples. This is not surprising as the scientific basis of the technology is, by nature, highly complex and interdisciplinary. However, we believe that the under­ standing of lubricant phenomena will continue to be developed at a mol­ ecular level to meet future challenges. These challenges will include the control of emissions from internal combustion engines, the reduction of friction and wear in machinery, and continuing improvements to lubricant performanceand life-time. More recently, there has been an increased understanding ofthe chemical aspects of lubrication, which has complemented the knowledge and under­ standing gained through studies dealing with physics and engineering. This book aims to bring together this chemical information and present it in a practical way. It is written by chemists who are authorities in the various specialisations within the lubricating industry, and is intended to be of interest to chemists who may already be working in the lubricating industry or in academia, and who are seeking a chemist's view of lubrication. It will also be of benefit to engineers and technologists familiar with the industry who requirea more fundamental understanding oflubricants.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Base oils from petroleum1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Base oil composition -- 1.3 Products and specifications -- 1.4 Conventional base oil manufacturing methods -- 1.5 Modern catalytic processes -- 1.6 Future developments -- References -- 2 Synthetic base fluids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Polyalphaolefins -- 2.3 Alkylated aromatics -- 2.4 Polybutenes -- 2.5 Synthetic esters -- 2.6 Polyalkylene glycols -- 2.7 Phosphate esters -- References -- 3 Detergents/dispersants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Detergents -- 3.3 Dispersants -- 3.4 Other lubricants -- 3.5 Performance evaluation -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Autoxidation of hydrocarbons -- 4.3 Oxidation stability of base oils -- 4.4 Inhibition of oxidative degradation of lubricants -- 4.5 Application of antioxidants -- 4.6 Future antioxidant technology -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Viscosity index improvers and thickeners -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overview of VI improver chemistry -- 5.3 Chemistry and manufacture of commercial VI improvers -- 5.4 Function and properties -- 5.5 Performance -- 5.6 Prognosis for future developments -- References -- 6 Miscellaneous additives -- 6.1 Friction modifiers -- 6.2 Pour point depressants -- 6.3 Demulsifiers and antifoams -- 6.4 Corrosion inhibitors -- Reference -- 7 The formulation of automotive lubricants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 What type of lubricant is wanted? -- 7.3 Why there are so many types oflubricant -- 7.4 Multifunctional lubricants -- 7.5 Definition oflubricant performance -- 7.6 Lubricant formulation-the physical phase -- 8 Industrial lubricants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Bearing lubricants -- 8.3 Compressor lubricants -- 8.4 Hydraulic lubricants (fluids) -- 8.5 Industrial gear lubricants -- 8.6 Turbine lubricants -- 8.7 Metalworking lubricants -- 8.8 Specialities -- References -- 9 Aviation lubricants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Lubrication of rotary engines -- 9.3 Lubrication of conventional aircraft piston engines -- 9.4 Lubrication of aircraft turbine engines -- 9.5 Aircraft hydraulic fluids -- 9.6 Helicopter gearboxes -- 9.7 Undercarriage lubrication -- 9.8 Airframe lubrication -- 9.9 Safety aspects of aircraft lubrication -- 9.10 Space lubrication -- References -- 10 Marine lubricants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Marine diesel engines -- 10.3 Fuel oil -- 10.4 Base oils -- 10.5 Additives -- 10.6 Properties and formulation of marine lubricants -- 10.7 System oils -- 10.8 Cylinder oils -- 10.9 Trunk piston engine oils -- 10.10 Used oil analysis -- References -- 11 Lubricating grease -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Structure and properties -- 11.3 Chemistry -- 11.4 Applications -- 11.5 Future developments -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Anti-wear additives -- 12.3 Extreme-pressure additives -- 12.4 Mechanisms of action of anti-wear and EP additives -- 12.5 Application of different classes of additive -- 12.6 Future developments -- References -- 13 Lubricants and their environmental impact -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Collection of waste lubricant -- 13.3 Treatment of collected lubricant -- 13.4 Re-refined base oil quality -- 13.5 Health and safety aspects of re-refined oil -- 13.6 Environmental considerations of waste lubricant -- 13.7 Environmental impact of ‘consumed’ lubricant -- 13.8 Biodegradation tests for oils -- 13.9 Future trends -- References -- Further reading.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461568414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Climate, climate change, climate fluctuations and climatic trends are only a few of the terms used today, in not only conferences, scientific symposia and workshops, but also parliaments and in discussions throughout society. To climatologists these terms may be well known; to the vast majority of people, however, they are new, and they require definition and explanation. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) inherited an interest and involvement in the studies of climate and climate change from its predecessor, the International Meteorological Organization (IMo), which was established in 1873. By 1929 the IMO had set up a Commission for Climatology to deal with matters related to climate studies. When, in 1950, the World Meteorological Organization assumed the mantle of the IMO, it retained the commission which, among other responsibilities, had already recognized the need for the definition and explana­ tion of terms used in climatology. It must also be said that much of what we now know about climate derives from the scientific and technical programmes co­ ordinated by IMO and now, to a much greater extent, by WMO. In 1979, the First World Climate Conference made an assessment of the status of knowledge of climate and climate variability, and recommended the establishment of a World Climate Programme. This recommendation was fully endorsed by the Eighth World Meteorological Congress, and the World Climate Programme was subse­ quently established by WMO in co-operation with the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034877466
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 197 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: ICSELL International Cooper Series in English Language and Literature
    Series Statement: International Cooper Series in English Language and Literature
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Comparative literature.
    Abstract: One: Comic Sense and the Problem of Attitude -- Two: Robert Coover and The Comedy of Good & Bad Sport -- Three: Philip Roth’s Zuckerman Novels as a Comic “Künstler-Roman” -- Four: Stanley Elkin’s Comic Passion -- Five: Conclusion -- Works Cited.
    Abstract: The idea for this study came to me in the course of my reading of innova­ tive US-American! fiction of the last three decades. I observed that much of it is cast in the comic mode - or, more precisely, that there seems to be in contemporary fiction an affinity between 'innovation' and 'the comic' and that this affinity, furthermore, appears to be characteristic of postmo­ dernism. It is obvious, at the same time, that comic has become an elusive and, more often than not, a disputable category. Frederick Karl, in his sur­ vey of American Fictions 1940-1980, maintains, for instance, that much comic writing consists in ridicule that lacks deeper intellectual and cul­ tural roots. "Wit and mockery," he notes, "by themselves have little lasting value. Even in the best of such fiction, Gravity's Rainbow, one is made aware of attenuated skits stiched onto previous segments, rather than baked in by a defined point of view. " (Karl: 27) Such assessments of course challenge my view that the comic is in significant ways connected with what is innovative in postmodernist US-American fiction. Yet the term comic -or related terms like humour, parody, irony and so fort- is regularly and heavily employed in discussions or reviews of con­ temporary fiction.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9781461526469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLII, 823 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Hydropower -- Lesotho Highlands Water Project: design and layout of underground works for ’Muela Hydropower Project -- Design and construction of the cooling water intake tunnel system for Point Aconi generating station, Nova Scotia -- Comparison of two classification systems as applied to the Alpe Devero tunnel, Italy -- Metro/Rail -- Planning and design of tunnels for the Jubilee Line extension, London -- New St Clair River tunnel, Canada-USA -- Application of NATM to design of underground stations in London Clay -- Water/Waste -- Underground works on Third Nairobi Water Supply Project -- Design and construction of caverns for an underground sewage treatment plant, Hong Kong -- The Snake: a rock tunnel for storing combined sewage water, Stockholm -- Tunnelling on the Penzance and St. Ives sewerage scheme, Cornwall, England -- Tunnel-boring Machines -- Two tunnel-boring machines for Lesotho: a design and case history -- Open TBM tunnelling in complex geology for railroad in Sweden -- Use of sedimentary rock impact indices in evaluation of tunnel-boring machine performance -- Development and performance of tunnel-boring machines on Phase II of the London Water Ring Main -- Environmental Issues -- Environmental planning for the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority’s MetroWest water supply tunnel -- Palais Bernheimer in Munich: tunnelling for parking space under a historic building -- Limiting the damage to historic buildings due to tunnelling: experience at the Mansion House, London -- Compensation grouting to limit settlements during tunnelling at Waterloo Station, London -- Ground movement model validation at the Heathrow Express trial tunnel -- Case Histories -- Gjøvik Olympic Mountain Hall, Norway -- Construction of new escalator shaft and passageways at London Underground’s Waterloo Station -- Water in TBM drives, Delivery Tunnel South, Lesotho Highlands Water Project -- Tunnel-boring Machines -- CEN safety standards for tunnelling machines and air locks -- Tunnels below waste disposal tips -- Machine tunnelling in the northwest of England -- EPB-shield tunnelling for the Taipei Metro, contract 201A -- TBM drive management by use of computerized systems -- Research -- Long-term measurements of loads on tunnel linings in overconsolidated clay -- Non-destructive investigation of tunnels -- Case Histories -- Design, construction and performance of a 700-m ‘cover and cut’ tunnel in soft clay, Norway -- Shotcrete in the construction of Pen-Y-Clip tunnel, North Wales -- Face support for a large Mix-Shield in heterogeneous ground conditions -- Design -- Tunnel ring design, development, testing and manufacture for the London Water Ring Main -- Medway tunnel detailed design -- Developments in precast concrete tunnel linings in the United Kingdom -- Case Histories -- Channel tunnel: French undersea crossover design and construction -- Design and construction of Metsovon road tunnel, Greece -- Construction of the ‘Passante Ferroviario’ link in Milan, Italy, lots 3P, 5P and 6P: excavation by large earth pressure balanced shield with chemical foam injection -- Pen-Y-Clip road tunnel, North Wales: achieving a dry lining through a pervious rock formation -- Hydropower -- Tunnel design in the design and construct context—the Pergau experience, Malaysia -- Serra da Mesa project, Brazil: excavation of shafts and penstocks -- Tunnel Machinery -- Rock cutting with roadheaders -- Increased productivity in construction of civil and mining tunnels through the use of high-capacity tunnel-boring machines and continuous belt conveyor muck haulage.
    Abstract: It is now more than twenty years since a proposal was first mooted to hold an international tunnelling symposium in Britain. At the time of the first symposium, held in London in 1976, the Channel Tunnel pro­ ject had just been shelved. Last weekend a charity walk was held in the finished tunnel, which will be open for business later in the year. Tunnels have figured prominently, and at times spectacularly, in the development of national and international links and it is hoped that such links gather pace in the future. It is particularly pleasing that Alastair Biggart of Storebrelt has agreed to deliver the twenty-sixth Sir Julius Wernher Memorial Lecture of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, entitled 'The changing face of tunnelling', at the start of this event. * Although almost every edition of the technical journals on tunnelling reports another £1 billion scheme somewhere in the world, it would be unfair of me to suggest that tunnelling is restricted to these prestigious schemes for major transport links. Much of the work that makes mod­ ern life possible receives hardly a mention outside the technical press and one suspects that society at large applies the 'out of sight, out of mind' attitude even more readily to underground construction than it does to other forms of engineering. Clearly, there is a contiiming need to improve the capacity and performance of our infrastructure, while hav­ ing a careful regard for the environment.
    Description / Table of Contents: HydropowerLesotho Highlands Water Project: design and layout of underground works for ’Muela Hydropower Project -- Design and construction of the cooling water intake tunnel system for Point Aconi generating station, Nova Scotia -- Comparison of two classification systems as applied to the Alpe Devero tunnel, Italy -- Metro/Rail -- Planning and design of tunnels for the Jubilee Line extension, London -- New St Clair River tunnel, Canada-USA -- Application of NATM to design of underground stations in London Clay -- Water/Waste -- Underground works on Third Nairobi Water Supply Project -- Design and construction of caverns for an underground sewage treatment plant, Hong Kong -- The Snake: a rock tunnel for storing combined sewage water, Stockholm -- Tunnelling on the Penzance and St. Ives sewerage scheme, Cornwall, England -- Tunnel-boring Machines -- Two tunnel-boring machines for Lesotho: a design and case history -- Open TBM tunnelling in complex geology for railroad in Sweden -- Use of sedimentary rock impact indices in evaluation of tunnel-boring machine performance -- Development and performance of tunnel-boring machines on Phase II of the London Water Ring Main -- Environmental Issues -- Environmental planning for the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority’s MetroWest water supply tunnel -- Palais Bernheimer in Munich: tunnelling for parking space under a historic building -- Limiting the damage to historic buildings due to tunnelling: experience at the Mansion House, London -- Compensation grouting to limit settlements during tunnelling at Waterloo Station, London -- Ground movement model validation at the Heathrow Express trial tunnel -- Case Histories -- Gjøvik Olympic Mountain Hall, Norway -- Construction of new escalator shaft and passageways at London Underground’s Waterloo Station -- Water in TBM drives, Delivery Tunnel South, Lesotho Highlands Water Project -- Tunnel-boring Machines -- CEN safety standards for tunnelling machines and air locks -- Tunnels below waste disposal tips -- Machine tunnelling in the northwest of England -- EPB-shield tunnelling for the Taipei Metro, contract 201A -- TBM drive management by use of computerized systems -- Research -- Long-term measurements of loads on tunnel linings in overconsolidated clay -- Non-destructive investigation of tunnels -- Case Histories -- Design, construction and performance of a 700-m ‘cover and cut’ tunnel in soft clay, Norway -- Shotcrete in the construction of Pen-Y-Clip tunnel, North Wales -- Face support for a large Mix-Shield in heterogeneous ground conditions -- Design -- Tunnel ring design, development, testing and manufacture for the London Water Ring Main -- Medway tunnel detailed design -- Developments in precast concrete tunnel linings in the United Kingdom -- Case Histories -- Channel tunnel: French undersea crossover design and construction -- Design and construction of Metsovon road tunnel, Greece -- Construction of the ‘Passante Ferroviario’ link in Milan, Italy, lots 3P, 5P and 6P: excavation by large earth pressure balanced shield with chemical foam injection -- Pen-Y-Clip road tunnel, North Wales: achieving a dry lining through a pervious rock formation -- Hydropower -- Tunnel design in the design and construct context-the Pergau experience, Malaysia -- Serra da Mesa project, Brazil: excavation of shafts and penstocks -- Tunnel Machinery -- Rock cutting with roadheaders -- Increased productivity in construction of civil and mining tunnels through the use of high-capacity tunnel-boring machines and continuous belt conveyor muck haulage.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401110020
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 392 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 30
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Environmental management ; Economics ; Population ; Human Geography ; Human geography. ; Economics. ; Sociology. ; Environmental management. ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: In The Asian City the Asian urbanisation processes, nature and characteristics of the 1990s have been analyzed by countries, by comparing different countries and in an international context. The authors are urban specialists from four continents. This volume has been divided into six parts: Part I Urbanisation in an international context; Part II Comparative urban setting; Part III Urbanisation characteristics by country; Part IV Urban planning; Part V The urban poor, and Part VI Perspectives on urbanization. This work allows the reader to understand Asian urban forms, their evolution, the nature of urbanisation, its impact on economic growth in cities, the living and working conditions of the poor, and urban planning and problems
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789401113946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 315 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Ethics ; Economic policy ; Social sciences ; Management science. ; Business.
    Abstract: Multinational Corporations and the Impact of Public Advocacy on Corporate Strategy: Nestlé and the Infant Formula Controversy presents an in-depth analysis of the infant formula controversy and the resulting international boycott of Nestlé products launched by various social activist groups and church organizations. The actions of those groups culminated in the passage of the first international marketing code under the auspices of the World Health Organization. Based on exhaustive and unique research, the book details the Nestlé case and uses it to analyze a number of other major issues bearing on contemporary business strategy and operations in the national and international arena. Issues addressed include: The rising phenomenon of social activism and its affect on public opinion and public policy; The changing role of churches and other religious groups and their impact on corporate strategy and behavior; The emergence of UN affiliated international bodies, as both arbiters and regulators of market conduct of multinational corporations; The changing dynamics between multinational corporations and host countries; The factors which determine a company's behavior and its ability to adapt to changing societal expectations. £/LIST£ Multinational Corporations and the Impact of Public Advocacy on Corporate Strategy: Nestlé and the Infant Formula Controversy presents a microcosm of business society conflicts being played out in all parts of the world. This scholarly book will be of great interest to academics in the areas of management, business ethics, social conflict, and international regulation. It will also appeal to a broad corporate and government audience and to anyone interested in contemporary world affairs and the increasing globalization of socio-economic conflicts
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9781461526742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LXIV, 1085 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Keynote Lecture -- Plenary Lectures -- Physical and Physicochemical Properties of Food -- Application of NMR to Food Engineering -- Mechanical Processing of Food -- Thermal and Mass Transfer Operations of Food -- Phase Change Operation -- Concentration and Dehydration Processes -- Reaction Kinetics in Food Processing -- Fermentation Processes -- Bioreactors Using Enzymes and Cells -- Separation and Purification Processes -- Membrane Processes -- Pasteurization and Sterilization Processes -- Aseptic Processes -- Packaging Science and Technology -- Fouling and Cleaning -- Processing under Unusual Conditions -- Transportation and Preservation of Food -- Sensors, Process Control, and Factory Automation -- Innovation in Equipment Design and Plant Operation -- Environmental Problems in Food Industry -- Innovation in Traditional Food Processing -- Design of Physiological Functions of Foods from Engineering Viewpoints.
    Abstract: The necessity of prediction and fine control in the food manufacturing process is becoming more important than ever before, and food researchers and engineers must confront difficulties arising from the specificity of food materials and the sensitivity of human beings to taste. Fortunately, an overview of world research reveals that the mechanisms of the many complex phenomena found in the food manufacturing process have been gradually elucidated by skilful experiments using new analytical tools, methods and theoretical analyses. This book, the proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Engineering and Food (ICEF6), held for the first time in Asia - in Chiba, Japan May 23 -27, 1993 - summarizes the frontiers of world food engineering in 1993. Congress was joined by the 4th International Conference on Fouling and Cleaning. There were 476 active members from 31 countries participating in the Congress. The editors hope that readers will find this book to be a useful review of the current state of food engineering, and will consider future developments in this research field. The editors extend thanks to the members of the organizing committee of ICEF6, and the advisors, Dr. Ryozo Toei, Professor Emeritus of Kyoto University and Dr. Masao Fujimaki, Professor Emeritus of the University of Tokyo. They also acknowledge the international advisory board members who helped the organizing committee in many ways, and the 10 foundations and 66 companies that financially supported the ICEF6. Finally, the editors are indebted to the reviewers of the manuscripts of these proceedings.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401106894
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 v)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Chemical Lists and List Descriptions -- 3. Cross-Reference Indexes of Chemical Names and Synonyms -- B. Regulatory Summaries -- Appendix: Key to RCRA “F”- and “K”- Series Wastes.
    Abstract: The Regulated Chemicals Directory"lM is meant to be a convenient source of information for everyone who needs to keep up-to-date regarding the regulations and recommendations that pertain to chemical substances. The RCD™ is designed to be the first reference book to consult when beginning compliance efforts. Every regulatory or advisory list used in the RCD™ is keyed to its source, to help readers who need more detailed information on regulations, recommendations, or guidelines readily locate source documents. Some organizations now center their compliance efforts on computerized information stored in cross-referenced databases. A unique feature of the RCDTM is the availability of an electronic version suitable for use on IBM-compatible personal computers, download onto mainframes and CD-ROM players. Both the print and electronic versions are updated with the same timeliness. For more information on the electronic versions of the Regulated Chemicals DirectoryTM, contact Chapman & Hall directly (One Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10119, fax-212-564-1505). Many companies working on product development need information on what may be regulated in the future. The RCD™ provides selected information on pending regulations and in-progress testing lists, which can provide a starting place for tracking future regulatory considerations. Information for the RCD™ is continually gathered and updated. Suggestions from readers for information that should be added to the RCD™ or for other ways to improve the book are welcomed by Chapman & Hall. - Patricia L. Dsida, Pres. ChemADVISOR® , Inc. ix Part A. Chemical Lists and Indexes Section 1.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. Chemical Lists and List Descriptions -- 3. Cross-Reference Indexes of Chemical Names and Synonyms -- B. Regulatory Summaries -- Appendix: Key to RCRA “F”- and “K”- Series Wastes.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597148
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I Total System -- 1. Total Framework of the Toyota Production System -- II Subsystems -- 2. Adaptable Kanban System Maintains Just-In-Time Production -- 3. Supplier Kanban and the Sequence Schedule Used by Suppliers -- 4. Smoothed Production Helps Toyota Adapt to Demand Changes and Reduce Inventory -- 5. The Information System Between Toyota, Its Dealers, and Parts Manufacturers -- 6. Computer Control System in an Automobile Factory -- 7. How Toyota Shortened Production Lead Time -- 8. Reduction of Setup Time—Concepts and Techniques -- 9. Practical Procedure for Reducing Setup Time -- 10. Standard Operations Can Attain Balanced Production with Minimum Labor -- 11. Machine Layout, Multi-Function Workers, and Job Rotation Help Realize Flexible Workshops -- 12. Improvement Activities Help Reduce the Work Force and Increase Worker Morale -- 13. 5S—Foundation for Improvements -- 14. “Autonomous Defects Control” Assures Product Quality -- 15. Functional Management to Promote Company-Wide Quality Control and Cost Management -- III Quantitative Techniques -- 16. Sequencing Method for the Mixed-Model Assembly Line to Realize Smoothed Production -- 17. New Sequence Scheduling Method for Smoothing -- 18. Determining the Number of Kanban Pertinent to the Alternative Withdrawal Systems -- 19. Computer System for Kanban System Support -- 20. Numerical Analysis for Productivity Improvement -- IV Implementation -- 21. Review of Kanban System Principles -- 22. Prerequisites to Implementing the Toyota Production System -- 23. Applying the Toyota Production System Overseas -- Appendix 1: JIT Delivery System Can Ease Traffic Congestion and the Labor Shortage -- Appendix 2: Goals Coordination Method -- Appendix 3: Quantitative Analysis of Stocks in a JIT Multistage Production System Using the Constant Order Cycle Withdrawal Method -- Appendix 4: Quantitative Analysis of Lot Size in a JIT Production System Using Constant Order Quantity Withdrawal Method.
    Abstract: The Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing system is an internal system in use by its founder, Toyota Motor Corporation, but it has taken on a new look. Toyota Production System, Second Edition systematically describes the changes that have occurred to the most efficient production system in use today. Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 1983, Toyota has integrated JIT with computer integrated manufacturing technology and a strategic informa­ tion system. The JIT goal of producing the necessary items in the necessary quantity at the necessary time is an internal driver of production and operations management. The addition of computer integrated technology (including expert systems by artificial intelligence) and information systems technology serve to further reduce costs, increase quality, and improve lead time. The new Toyota production system considers how to adapt production schedules to the demand changes in the marketplace while satisfying the goals of low cost, high quality, and timely delivery. The first edition of this book, Toyota Production System, published in 1983, is the basis for this book. It was translated into many languages including Spanish, Russian, Italian, Japanese, etc., and has played a definite role in inspiring production management systems throughout the world.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Total System1. Total Framework of the Toyota Production System -- II Subsystems -- 2. Adaptable Kanban System Maintains Just-In-Time Production -- 3. Supplier Kanban and the Sequence Schedule Used by Suppliers -- 4. Smoothed Production Helps Toyota Adapt to Demand Changes and Reduce Inventory -- 5. The Information System Between Toyota, Its Dealers, and Parts Manufacturers -- 6. Computer Control System in an Automobile Factory -- 7. How Toyota Shortened Production Lead Time -- 8. Reduction of Setup Time-Concepts and Techniques -- 9. Practical Procedure for Reducing Setup Time -- 10. Standard Operations Can Attain Balanced Production with Minimum Labor -- 11. Machine Layout, Multi-Function Workers, and Job Rotation Help Realize Flexible Workshops -- 12. Improvement Activities Help Reduce the Work Force and Increase Worker Morale -- 13. 5S-Foundation for Improvements -- 14. “Autonomous Defects Control” Assures Product Quality -- 15. Functional Management to Promote Company-Wide Quality Control and Cost Management -- III Quantitative Techniques -- 16. Sequencing Method for the Mixed-Model Assembly Line to Realize Smoothed Production -- 17. New Sequence Scheduling Method for Smoothing -- 18. Determining the Number of Kanban Pertinent to the Alternative Withdrawal Systems -- 19. Computer System for Kanban System Support -- 20. Numerical Analysis for Productivity Improvement -- IV Implementation -- 21. Review of Kanban System Principles -- 22. Prerequisites to Implementing the Toyota Production System -- 23. Applying the Toyota Production System Overseas -- Appendix 1: JIT Delivery System Can Ease Traffic Congestion and the Labor Shortage -- Appendix 2: Goals Coordination Method -- Appendix 3: Quantitative Analysis of Stocks in a JIT Multistage Production System Using the Constant Order Cycle Withdrawal Method -- Appendix 4: Quantitative Analysis of Lot Size in a JIT Production System Using Constant Order Quantity Withdrawal Method.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781781959541
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 234 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Reisen, Helmut, 1950 - Debt, deficits and exchange rates
    DDC: 332.4/56/091724
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Staatsschulden ; Finanzmarktregulierung ; Devisenmarkt ; Wechselkurspolitik ; Welt ; Lateinamerika ; Ostasien ; Foreign exchange rates ; Debts, Public ; Finance, Public ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schulden ; Wechselkurs ; Lateinamerika ; Schulden ; Wechselkurs ; Ostasien ; Schulden ; Wechselkurs ; Entwicklungsländer ; Auslandsschulden ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wechselkurspolitik ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schuldenkrise ; Geldpolitik
    Abstract: Debt, Deficits and Exchange Rates presents recent work by Helmut Reisen on current international monetary problems in East Asia and Latin America. Written over the last four years, these papers are readily accessible and of immediate policy relevance. The first part is concerned with the debt problems of developing countries, including the growth of domestic public debt, means of hedging a country's debt portfolio against key currency fluctuations, evidence on the debt overhang hypothesis, an evaluation of the Brady Plan, and how to attract foreign direct investment. This is followed by essays on financial opening which discuss the impact of alternative exchange rate regimes during financial integration, the degree of financial openness in Korea and Taiwan, an appropriate strategy for the liberalization of capital flows, and the relationship between financial opening and capital flows. The final part underlines the need for exchange rate management. Issues considered include New Zealand's experience with a pure float, the use of the theory of optimal currency areas to assess whether Asian countries should peg to the Yen, institutional features of macroeconomic management in Asia, and how Latin America should respond to heavy capital flows. Bringing together under one cover a wealth of analysis, comment and argument by a leading international scholar, this volume will be welcomed by students, teachers and policymakers as an important contribution to understanding international monetary problems in the developing world
    Note: "OECD Development Centre, Centre de Developpement del OCDE ; OECD, OCDE." , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9781035305902
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 308 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Universal banking in the twentieth century
    DDC: 332.1/094
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: 1860-1990 ; Universalbank ; Unternehmensfinanzierung ; Europa ; Banks and banking ; Finance ; Industries ; Banks and banking Government policy ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Nordeuropa ; Notenbank ; Kreditwesen ; Industrie ; Geschichte 1900- ; Mitteleuropa ; Notenbank ; Kreditwesen ; Industrie ; Geschichte 1900-
    Abstract: This important new volume addresses the many aspects of banking in European market economies in the twentieth century, making innovative and authoritative research available to historians, economists, financiers and business analysts. The distinguished group of authors examines the historic role of banks in utilizing domestic and foreign financial resources. Their contributions show that from the 1880s onwards banks became an integral part of the capital market in continental Europe. In the course of this development the banks played a crucial part in financing industry in North and Central Europe. This symbiotic relationship between banks and industry is analysed and is shown to have had a decisive impact on the inflation and crisis-prone interwar period. The comparative and quantitative methods applied in these papers reveal differences between the countries of North and Central Europe, especially with regard to the degree of state intervention in individual economies. Other topics discussed include the networks of interlocking directorships, the effectiveness of banking legislation and the impact of the national question on banking in central and Southeast Europe. Universal Banking in the Twentieth Century illustrates both striking similarities and marked differences in the role of universal banking across Europe in terms of the level of industrialization and the pace of economic growth
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 28
    Book
    Book
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 0195085949
    Language: English
    Pages: IX, 219 S.
    DDC: 330.1/7
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Eigentum ; Eigentumsrechtstheorie ; Theorie ; Property ; Economics ; Eigentum ; Theorie ; Eigentum ; Theorie
    Description / Table of Contents: Literaturverz. S. 205 - 214
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 205 - 214
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  • 29
    ISBN: 0195635566
    Language: English
    Pages: XI, 422 S , Ill , 23 cm
    DDC: 331.544095475
    Keywords: Labor market India ; Gujarat ; Casual labor India ; Gujarat ; Informal sector (Economics) India ; Gujarat ; Agricultural laborers India ; Gujarat ; Economics ; Gujarat Süd ; Saisonarbeiter ; Landwirtschaft
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [409]-417) and index
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 109 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.143
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This document provides a full description of the GREEN model. It is intended to accompany the GREEN code, i.e. the implementation of the model, and to enable the user to understand the links between the theoretical framework of the model and its practical implementation. The document lists all the model equations, provides a data dictionary to link the equation variables with the variables in the code, explains details which are traditionally bypassed in technical papers, and provides an explanation of the data base and the data management part of the code. The document is organised as follows. Following a non-technical overview of the model in Part I, Part II presents the structure of the model with a complete description of the equations, the variables, and parameters which are part of the GREEN model. Part III explains the data management in GREEN ...
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE : statistiques et projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook No. 56 (Edition 1994/2)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La base de données des Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE contient des données rétrospectives et des projections pour un éventail de statistiques économiques, telles que : demande et produit intérieur brut (PIB), déflateurs et prix, comptes des administrations publiques, secteur des ménages et des entreprises, marché du travail, données financières, commerce extérieur, balance des paiements, bloc d'offre et marché du pétrole et autres matières premières.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE No. 56 (Édition 1994/2)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Economic Outlook online database provides historical trends and future projections for a range of economic statistics. These include demand and gross domestic product (GDP), deflators and prices, general government accounts, households and business sectors, labour market, financial data, foreign exchange market, balance of payments, supply block, oil market and other raw materials.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE No. 55 (Édition 1994/1)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Economic Outlook online database provides historical trends and future projections for a range of economic statistics. These include demand and gross domestic product (GDP), deflators and prices, general government accounts, households and business sectors, labour market, financial data, foreign exchange market, balance of payments, supply block, oil market and other raw materials.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE : statistiques et projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook No. 55 (Edition 1994/1)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La base de données des Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE contient des données rétrospectives et des projections pour un éventail de statistiques économiques, telles que : demande et produit intérieur brut (PIB), déflateurs et prix, comptes des administrations publiques, secteur des ménages et des entreprises, marché du travail, données financières, commerce extérieur, balance des paiements, bloc d'offre et marché du pétrole et autres matières premières.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 1895431859 , 1895431840
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 178 Seiten , 21 cm
    Series Statement: Critical perspectives on historic issues 4
    Series Statement: Critical perspectives on historic issues
    DDC: 330.1
    Keywords: Polanyi, Karl ; Economists ; Economics ; Economic history ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Polanyi, Karl 1886-1964
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    s.l. : WRR
    Language: Dutch
    Pages: 1 electronic resource (72 p.)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: De serie 'Voorstudies en achtergronden' omvat werkstukken die in het kader van de werkzaamheden van de WRR tot stand zijn gekomen en naar zijn oordeel van zodanige kwaliteit en betekenis zijn, dat publicatie gewenst is. De verantwoordelijkheid voor de inhoud en de ingenomen standpunten berust bij de auteurs
    Abstract: Economics
    Note: Dutch
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : El Colegio de México
    ISBN: 9786076285497
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La presente publicación tiene como objetivo ofrecer al lector una visión realista de lo que sucedió y está sucediendo en la isla del Caribe, y sobre las relaciones entre La Habana y Moscú en los pasados treinta años. Asimismo, ofrece una nueva imagen de la Cuba postsoviética relacionada con las oportunidades que el gobierno de Castro (y el de su eventual sucesor) ofrecen al inversionista extranjero, incluido el mexicano. Con base en la información que ofrecen tanto el gobierno cubano como el ruso, en esta publicación se presenta un panorama de las oportunidades que existen actualmente para invertir en la isla
    Note: Spanish
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035305810
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 213 pages) , illustraitons
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Gordon, Myron J. Finance, investment, and macroeconomics
    DDC: 332
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Volkswirtschaftliche Investitionstheorie ; Sparen ; Kapitalstruktur ; Risiko ; Neoklassische Theorie ; Postkeynesianismus ; Theorie ; Finance Econometric models ; Investments Econometric models ; Macroeconomics ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Makroökonomie ; Finanztheorie ; Ökonometrisches Modell
    Abstract: In Finance, Investment and Macroeconomics, Myron J. Gordon advances a theory of finance and investment under uncertainty and risk aversion which resolves problems left unsolved by Keynes in a manner consistent with his work. Keynes established that both the short-run and long-run performance of a capitalist system depend upon investment, but he failed to arrive at an alternative to the neoclassical theory of investment. Professor Gordon demonstrates that the extension of neoclassical theory to deal with uncertainty and risk aversion is based upon a string of assumptions which are empirically false. The competitive stationary state, the foundation for the neoclassical theory of a capitalist system, is shown to be unfeasible because it results in a very high probability of bankruptcy at the micro level and the system's early collapse on the macro level. Capitalists seeking long term survival are shown to be subject to a growth imperative, to the pursuit of monopoly power, and to a concern for financial policy. Later sections of the book discuss the consequences of this behaviour for short-run fluctuations and the long-run development of capitalist systems. This innovative book advances an important new theory of finance and investment which recognizes the problem of bankruptcy when the future is uncertain. It will be welcomed by both post Keynesian and neoclassical economists as a significant contribution to current economic understanding
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I: Introduction -- Part II: Neoclassical theory -- Part III: a post Keynesian theory -- Part IV: a theory of economic systems.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 194-206) and index
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461521570
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 354 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Industrial engineering. ; Production engineering. ; Agriculture. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Dedication -- Preface -- 1. Introduction and Historical -- 2. Bacteriology of the Heat Sterilization of Milk . -- 3. Chemical and Physical Changes in Milk at High Temperatures -- 4. Types of UHT Processing Plant -- 5. Performance of UHT Processing Plant . -- 6. Aseptic Filling -- 7. Cleaning and Sterilization of UHT Processing Plant and Aseptic Fillers -- 8. Connection of Aseptic Fillers to UHT Processing Plant -- 9. Properties of UHT -Processed Milk -- 10. Fouling of Heat Exchangers -- 11. Laboratory and Legislative Control.
    Abstract: This book attempts to explain the scientific basis for UHT sterilization and aseptic filling, as well as describe the processes and equipment used. I have tried to avoid producing merely a catalogue of sterilizers and aseptic fillers. Instead I have attempted to explain the principles on which the different types of plant operate, and discuss the factors which influence performance, so that information given by manufac­ turers may be assessed by readers in relation to their own processing requirements. Statements are generally supported by references. Where no re­ ference is given, personal experience or my interpretation of the work of others is my justification. Although the book deals mainly with milk and milk products, I hope that the information it contains will be useful to those dealing with other products, since the principles of processing are in general the same. The book is based on more than 30 years' involvement with research into UHT processing and aseptic filling. During this time I have been fortunate to work with and to talk to many people from whom I have learned a great deal. I benefited from conta.cts with Dr T. R. Ashton (England) and Professor H. Hostettler. (Switzerland), who were pioneers in the commercial development of UHT milk. More recently I have been privileged to know and work with research workers in many countries having a common interest in UHT processing. Of these, I should mention particularly Professors E. L. Thomas, V. A.
    Description / Table of Contents: DedicationPreface -- 1. Introduction and Historical -- 2. Bacteriology of the Heat Sterilization of Milk . -- 3. Chemical and Physical Changes in Milk at High Temperatures -- 4. Types of UHT Processing Plant -- 5. Performance of UHT Processing Plant . -- 6. Aseptic Filling -- 7. Cleaning and Sterilization of UHT Processing Plant and Aseptic Fillers -- 8. Connection of Aseptic Fillers to UHT Processing Plant -- 9. Properties of UHT -Processed Milk -- 10. Fouling of Heat Exchangers -- 11. Laboratory and Legislative Control.
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.126
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper first gives a brief account of the main changes introduced by OECD governments in their capital income tax rules during the 1980s with respect to both the corporate and personal sectors. It then examines the evolution of effective capital taxation, using a summary measure ("tax wedges") which takes into account the different nature of national tax systems. Finally, the paper discusses the future of capital income taxation in an environment of increasing international capital mobility ...
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.127
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper sheds light on the complex macroeconomic effects initiated by capital income taxation using a dynamic applied general equilibrium model of the U.S. economy. The model considers impacts of policy changes on the allocation of resources across both industries and countries, and over time. Within the model, a given change in capital income taxation abroad affects the domestic economy through capital flows, commodity flows and tax revenue effects. Thus, the model considers the spillovers associated with changes in commodity flows in addition to the usual spillovers generated by capital movements. The simulation results illustrate rather well that personal and corporate income taxation yield very different conclusions in terms of macroeconomic consequences and that it is important to distinguish between short- and long-run policy implications of the two types of capital income tax policies ...
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.129
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper uses a multivariate generalisation of the Beveridge and Nelson methodology to model trends and cycles of business-sector labour productivity in the major OECD countries. The method implies that the trend is the long-term forecast of productivity, given all available information; the cycle is thus interpreted as the total excess growth that one would forecast beyond "normal" rates of productivity (see Evans and Reichlin, 1992). Multivariate trends in productivity were estimated including series that Granger-cause and, possibly, are cointegrated with productivity. The corresponding cycles were compared with those generated by the Hodrick-Prescott filter and with the business-cycle dating of the OECD. The stability and predictive properties of the Beveridge-Nelson and Hodrick-Prescott trends were compared. Finally, the estimated productivity gaps were used as proxies for capacity utilisation in econometric models of price formation in order to assess their empirical ...
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.133
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Institutional questions have become increasingly prominent in the evaluation of nearly every area of structural policy. The present article shows how formal economic analysis may be brought to bear on the problem of understanding institutions. It begins by reviewing the recent history of thought on the economics of organisations. It then outlines the fundamentals of transactions cost economics, a branch of economic theory which views organisations as a response to competitive pressures to align different ways of channelling or "governing" a transaction -- these governance forms include market, hybrid or hierarchy -- with the transactions requirements of different economic sectors. The paper then demonstrates the applicability of this theory, which represents a significant departure from the neo-classical theory of the firm, in such diverse areas as intermediate product markets, corporate finance and governance, the modern corporation, regulation and deregulation and the failure of ...
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 119 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.140
    Keywords: Economics ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper forms part of an OECD project which addressed the issue of the structure and change in the distribution systems of seven OECD countries. The paper gives a comprehensive view of the distribution system in the United Kingdom. Namely, it assesses the contribution of this sector to the overall economy and gives a set of market structure indicators. The public policy issues related to the distribution system are also discussed ...
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.141
    Keywords: Economics ; Sweden
    Abstract: This paper forms part of an OECD project which addressed the issue of the structure and change in the distribution systems of seven OECD countries. The paper gives an overview of the distribution system in Sweden for the period 1970-88. Next, it addresses the question of the static and dynamic efficiency in the distribution sector, as well as its competitive structure. The latter aspect is illustrated by a set of market structure indicators ...
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 76 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.139
    Keywords: Economics ; Italy
    Abstract: This paper forms part of an OECD project which addressed the issue of the structure and change in the distribution systems of seven OECD countries. The paper discusses the role of distribution systems in the Italian economy and gives an overview of the transformation of the Italian distribution system in the 1970s and 1980s. In particular, it analyses the effects of the Law 426/71 on the evolution of the retail sector. Finally, it addresses the questions of structure and performance of the distribution system and their implications for welfare and competition ...
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.138
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: This paper forms part of an OECD project which addressed the issue of the structure and change in the distribution systems of seven OECD countries. This paper gives an overview of the structure, policy and performance of the French distribution system for the period 1970-90. This analysis is then put into the perspective of international competition. It also draws some recommendations for future policy in this area ...
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.131
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Starting from the theoretical argument underlying the “hump shape” hypothesis, the paper investigates the various dimensions of centralisation in the wage formation process. The diversity of effects discussed in the paper makes it harder to arrive at unambiguous policy conclusions. Careful analysis of the various features and economy-wide direct as well as indirect effect of the degree of centralisation in the wage formation process suggests that there exists various trade-offs, the most important of which appears to be that between real wage restraint and relative wage flexibility: centralisation favours the former but reduces the latter. This suggests that its effect on macroeconomic performance depends on the type of shocks affecting the economy ...
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.130
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper deals with trends and cycles of unemployment and labour-force participation. Empirical evidence on both trends and cyclical movements in unemployment and participation is presented. Some of the mechanisms behind the observed developments are also analysed, examining how well they fit into different theoretical frameworks. The implications for the assessment of labour market slack of the observed interplay between unemployment and participation are discussed. The paper ends by presenting some unexplained puzzles concerning the interplay between trends and cycles of unemployment and participation ...
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.136
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan
    Abstract: This paper forms part of an OECD project which addressed the issue of the structure and change in the distribution systems of seven OECD countries. The paper gives an overview of the structure of the Japanese distribution system and discusses its economic performance, both on the grounds of efficiency and market access. Next, a detailed analysis of the Japanese distribution sector is carried out, on the basis of which policy recommendations are drawn ...
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.142
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper forms part of on-going OECD work on the economic assessment of public pension systems in view of the process of the ageing of populations. It provides indicative estimates of the likely size of public pension liabilities in the main seven economies based on simplifying assumptions, and analyses various methods of financing these liabilities. The methodology developed here is based on the so-called generational accounts approach. Such accounts indicate in present-value terms the lifetime financial burden government programmes impose on present and future generations. Up to now, the methodology has been used to estimate public pension liabilities in France and Belgium, in the framework of the 1993 OECD Economic Surveys for those countries ...
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.128
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Despite the increased capital mobility that has accompanied the trend towards liberalisation and international integration of financial markets, differences remain in financing costs and, in particular, the cost of capital, that similar businesses face in different countries. These differences have attracted considerable attention as important factors influencing international investment and productivity growth. A number of reviewed empirical studies suggest that Japan and Germany enjoyed a considerable advantage with regard to the cost of equity and, more broadly, the cost of capital compared to the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. This was due to higher leverage, a much lower cost of equity in Japan and a lower cost of German firms' debt to banks. Many studies have argued that closer bank-customer relationships, and more stable prices and growth rates in Japan and Germany have tended to lower their cost of capital. More recent studies which cover the period ...
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 127 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.132
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Unemployment has emerged as one of the most pressing economic concerns in the majority of OECD countries. However, experiences differ across countries as regards the level, volatility and composition of unemployment. Nevertheless, a common feature in many countries is that given levels of wage acceleration, capacity utilisation and vacancy rates are now associated with much higher levels of unemployment than used to be the case two decades ago. Countries seem to differ in the extent to which rising trend unemployment reflects a rise in equilibrium unemployment ("the natural rate") or slow adjustment towards an equilibrium level which is lower than trend unemployment. A number of factors can be pointed to as affecting either equilibrium unemployment or the speed of adjustment in labour markets. Such factors comprise both labour market institutions and policies as well as features that are outside the realm of structural policies. A review of the literature as well as the examination ...
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.135
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper forms part of an OECD project which addressed the issue of the structure and change in the distribution systems of seven OECD countries. The paper begins with a conceptual framework describing the functions, market outcomes and economic implications of the distribution sector. Next, it gives an overview of the U.S. distribution system in the 1980s. In particular, it discusses some specific characteristics underlying the functioning of the U.S. distribution system. Finally, it assesses the efficiency question and its implications for foreign trade. Some policy recommendations are then drawn on that basis ...
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.134
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper investigates the link between trade flows and relative wages on a cross-section of 22 sectors in 12 OECD countries. Industries are classified according to stylised facts about market structure (fragmentation, segmentation and degree of product differentiation). Next, the import penetration trends during the period 1970-90 are analysed, with special attention paid to the imports from Asian NICs. Finally, panel data estimates of a relative wage equation, encompassing both the characterisation of industries by type of market structure, as well as import penetration and export-intensity variables, are carried out. The results show that the impact of import penetration on relative wages tends to be negative in industries with low product differentiation, whereas the reverse result occurs in industries with high product differentiation and market segmentation ...
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349229932
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 311 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Management science ; Political science ; Asia Politics and government ; Economics ; Sociology
    Abstract: This book attempts a coherent portrait of the heart of Japan's economic and political decision making. It presents the men occupying the core positions in Japan's ruling party, the central ministries, and in big business and its organizations. Elite career patterns, social origins, upbringing, university education, cognitive orientations and ways of life are reviewed, as are the interactions in the exclusive world of Japan's increasingly hereditary and bureaucratic class of power holders in conservative politics and big business
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Birkhäuser Boston
    ISBN: 9781461581864
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Tissue Engineering, An OverviewI Matrix Molecules and Their Ligands -- 2 Role of Non-Fibrillar Collagens in Matrix Assemblies -- 3 Elastic Fiber Organization -- II USE of Cultured Cells and the Potential of Stem Cells for Tissue Restoration -- 4 Myoblast Mediated Gene Therapy -- 5 Implantation of Cultured Schwann Cells to Foster Repair in Injured Mammalian Spinal Cord -- 6 Progenitor Cells in Embryonic and Post-Natal Rat Livers, Their Growth and Differentiation Potential -- III Co-Cultures and Other in Vitro Systems for Promoting Differentiation and Tissue Formation -- 7 Extracellular Matrix, Cellular Mechanics, and Tissue Engineering -- 8 Modulation of Cardiac Growth by Sympathetic Innervation: Differential Response Between Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats -- 9 Liver Support Through Hepatic Tissue Engineering -- IV Physical Forces as Requirements for Gene Expression, Growth, Morphogenesis, and Differentiation -- 10 Evidence for the Role of Physical Forces in Growth, Morphogenesis, and Differentiation -- 11 Physical Stress as a Factor in Tissue Growth and Remodeling -- 12 Mechanical Stress Effects on Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth -- 13 Deformation of Chondrocytes Within the Extracellular Matrix of Articular Cartilage -- 14 Mechanical Stretch Rapidly Activates Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Myocytes -- 15 Shear Stress-Induced Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells -- V Materials for Tissue Remodeling in Vivo and in Vitro -- 16 Tissue Engineering of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle for Correction of Congenital and Genetic Abnormalities and Reconstruction Following Physical Damage -- 17 Small Intestinal Submucosa (SIS): A Biomaterial Conducive to Smart Tissue Remodeling -- 18 Matrix Engineering: Remodeling of Dense Fibrillar Collagen Vascular Grafts In Vivo -- 19 Bioelastic Materials as Matrices for Tissue Reconstruction -- VI Approaches to Allografting Engineered Cells and Tissues -- 20 Induction of Immunological Unresponsiveness in the Adult Animal -- 21 “Neutral Allografts” Cultured Allogenic Cells as Building Blocks of Engineered Organs Transplanted Across MHC Barriers.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9781468468144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: Section I: Introduction and OverviewI Introductory Remarks -- 2 T-Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity: A Historical Note -- 3 Overview of CTL-Target Adhesion and Other Critical Events in the Cytotoxic Mechanism -- Section II: Target Cell Recognition -- 4 ?? T-Cell Receptor Repertoires Among Cytotoxic and Helper T Lymphocytes -- 5 Class I MHC/Peptide/?2-Microglobulin Interactions: The Basis of Cytotoxic T-Cell Recognition -- 6 The Role of CD8-Class I Interactions in CTL Function -- 7 Interactions Between CD2 and T-Cell Receptor Isoforms in CTL Function -- 8 Triggering Structures on NK Cells -- 9 Targeted Cellular Cytotoxicity -- Section III: Generation of Cytotoxic Cells -- 10 Immunobiology and Molecular Characteristics of Peritoneal Exudate Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (PEL), Their In Vivo IL-2 Dependent Blasts and IL-2 Independent Cytolytic Hybridomas -- 11 Regulatory Effects of Cytokines on the Generation of CTL and LAK Cells -- 12 IL-2-Independent Activation of LAK Cells by a Heterodimeric Cytokine, Interleukin-12 -- 13 Immunobiology of ?2-Microglobulin-Deficient Mice -- Section IV: Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Cytotoxicity -- 14 The Granule Exocytosis Model for Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity and Its Relevance to Target Cell DNA Breakdown -- 15 Subpopulations of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes with Different Cytotoxic Mechanisms -- 16 Multiple Lytic Pathways in Cytototoxic T Lymphocytes -- 17 Properties of Cytotoxicity Mediated by CD4+, Perforin-Negative T-Lymphocyte Clones -- 18 Direct Contact of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Receptors with Target Cell Membrane Determinants Induces a Prelytic Rise of [Ca2+]1 in the Target That Triggers Disintegration -- 19 Target Cell Events Initiated by T-Cell Attack -- 20 Apoptosis and Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes -- 21 Molecular Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity -- Section V: Granule Proteases -- 22 Subtractive and Differential Molecular Biology Approaches to Molecules Preferentially Expressed in Cytotoxic and Other T Cells -- 23 Structure and Possible Functions of Lymphocyte Granzymes -- 24 The Role of Granzyme A in Cytotoxic Lymphocyte-Mediated Lysis -- 25 The Granzyme A Gene: A Marker for Cytolytic Lymphocytes In Vivo -- 26 Molecular Analysis and Possible Pleiotropic Function(s) of the T Cell-Specific Serine Proteinase-1 (TSP-1) -- 27 Serine Protease Control of Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytolysis -- Section VI: Alternative Mechanisms of Cytolysis -- 28 Possible Role of Extracellular ATP in Cell-Cell Interactions Leading to CTL-Mediated Cytotoxicity -- 29 Cell-Permeabilizing Properties of Extracellular ATP in Relation to Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity -- 30 The Role of Free Fatty Acids in CTL-Target Cell Interactions -- Section VII: Biochemical and Immunopharmacological Manipulations of Cytotoxic Cells -- 31 Identification of Protein Kinases and Protein Phosphatases Involved in CTL Effector Functions. “ON” and “OFF” Signaling and Immunopharmacological Implications -- 32 Cytolytic Granules as Targets for Immunosuppressive Therapy: Selective Ablation of CTL by Leucyl-Leucine Methyl Ester -- Section VIII: Functions of Cytotoxic Cells in Vivo -- 33 Role of CD8+?? T Cells in Respiratory Infections Caused by Sendai Virus and Influenza Virus -- 34 CD4+ and CD8+ Cytolytic T Lymphocyte Recognition of Viral Antigens -- 35 Can CTL Control Virus Infections Without Cytolysis? The Prelytic Halt Hypothesis -- 36 Immunologic Control of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection by CD8+ Lymphocytes: A Model for Class I MHC- Restricted Recognition of Intracellular Parasites -- 37 Antigen-Specific Suppression of Antibody Responses by Class II MHC-Restricted CTL -- 38 The Immunosenescence of Cytolytic T Lymphocytes (CTL): Reduction of Pore-Forming Protein and Granzymc Levels -- 39 Bone Marrow Graft Rejection as a Function of TNK Cells -- 40 Class I MHC Antigens and the Control of Virus Infections by NK Cells -- 41 Clinical Trials of Immunotherapy of Cancer Utilizing Cytotoxic Cells -- Section IX: Macrophage-Mediated Cytotoxicity -- 42 Macrophage-Mediated Cytotoxicity -- Section X: Methods -- 43 The 51Cr-Release Assay for CTL-Mediated Target Cell Lysis -- 44 DNA Fragmentation and Cytolysis Assayed by 3H-Thymidine -- 45 The JAM Test: An Assay of Cell Death -- 46 Target Cell Detachment Assay -- 47 Protocol for Assaying CTL Activity Against Toxoplasma gondii -- 48 Granule Exocytosis Assay of CTL Activation -- 49 Measurement of Cytolysin Hemolytic Activity -- 50 SPDP Crosslinking of Antibodies to Form Heteroconjugates Mediating Redirected Cytotoxicity -- 51 Derivatization of Cells with Antibody -- 52 Mixed Lymphocyte Culture for the Generation of Allospecific CTL -- 53 Generation of CD4+ and CD8+ Antiinfluenza CTL and Assay of In Vitro Cytotoxicity -- 54 Generation of Antigen-Specific M urine CTL Under Weakly Immunogenic Conditions -- 55 Commercial Liposomes and Electroporation Can Deliver Soluble Antigen for Class I Presentation in CTL Generation -- 56 Stimulation of CTLs on Antibody-Coated Plates -- 57 CTL Recognition of Purified MHC Antigens and Other Cell Surface Ligands -- 58 Use of Protease Inhibitors as Probes for Biological Functions: Conditions, Controls, and Caveats -- 59 The Murine T Cell-Specific Serine Proteinase-1: Cleavage Activity on Synthetic and Natural Substrates -- 60 Detection of Specific mRNAs by In Situ Hybridization.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401123181
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 310 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Patterns and processes in a landscape under stress: the study area1 Patterns and processes in a landscape under stress: the study area -- One Spatial Relations by Water Flows -- 2 Nutrient enrichment of freshwater wetlands -- 3 Linking ecological patterns to hydrological conditions on various spatial scales: case study of small stream valleys -- 4 Hydroecological modelling in a polder landscape: a tool for wetland management -- Two Spatial Relations by Air Flows -- 5 Atmospheric nitrogen deposition and its impact on terrestrial ecosystems -- 6 Ditch banks as a conservation focus in intensively exploited peat farmland -- Three Spatial Relations by Moving Organisms -- 7 Population responses to landscape fragmentation -- 8 Metapopulation models for impact assessment of fragmentation -- Four Methods and Concepts of Landscape Planning -- 9 Landscape planning for nature restoration: comparing regional scenarios -- 10 The framework concept and the hydrological landscape structure: a new perspective in the design of multifunctional landscapes -- 11 Nature conservation and extraction of drinking water in coastal dunes: the Meijendel area -- 12 Artificial wetlands: a device for restoring natural wetland values -- 13 Water relations in urban systems: an ecological approach to planning and design.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401118682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Sampling the Egg Population2 Sampling the Larval Population -- 3 Sampling the Adult Resting Population -- 4 Sampling Adults with Non-Attractant Traps -- 5 Sampling Adults by Animal Bait Catches and by Animal-Baited Traps -- 6 Sampling Adults with Carbon Dioxide Traps, Light-Traps, Visual Attraction Traps and Sound Traps -- 7 Sampling the Emerging Adult Population -- 8 Experimental Hut Techniques for Evaluating Insecticides -- 9 Mark-Recapture Techniques and Adult Dispersal -- 10 Estimation of the Mortalities of the Immature Stages and Adults -- 11 Indices of Association between Species and Species Diversity -- 12 Ecological and Statistical Publications -- Author Index -- Mosquito Species Index.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461530244
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 238 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Concepts and Background of CausationCausality in the Natural Sciences -- Concepts of Contagion -- Epidemiology and Causation -- Causation of Epidemics in the Prebacteriology Era -- The Age of Bacteriological Discovery -- References -- 2. Causation and Bacterial Diseases -- Jacob Henle -- Edwin Klebs -- Robert Koch -- New Diseases -- References -- 3. Causation and Acute Viral Diseases -- The Epidemiological Concept -- Agents in Search of Disease -- New Diseases -- References -- 4. Slow and Persistent Viral Infections -- Unconventional or True Slow Viral Infections -- Chronic CNS Diseases Due to Conventional Viruses -- New Challenges -- Summary -- References -- 5. Viruses and Cancer -- Burkitt’s Lymphoma -- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma -- Hodgkin’s Disease -- Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma -- Lymphomas and Other Malignancies in AIDS Patients -- Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) -- Genital Herpes, Papillomaviruses, and Cervical Cancer -- Human T-cell Leukemia Virus, Type I (HTLV-I) and T-cell Leukemia -- Summary -- References -- 6. Causation of Epidemics and Immunological Diseases -- Epidemic Diseases -- Immunological Diseases -- References -- 7. Limitations of the Henle-Koch Postulates: Effect of New Concepts and of Technology -- Factors Directly Limiting the Henle-Koch Postulates as Originally Stated -- Role of New Developments in Technology on Causation -- References -- 8. Challenges to the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in the Next Decade -- Retroviruses -- Other Infectious Agents -- Immunization Programs -- Emergence of New Viruses and New Viral Infections -- Early Diagnosis and Detection -- Other Challenges in Infectious Disease Epidemiology -- Summary -- References -- 9. Causation and Chronic Diseases -- Toward a Unified Concept -- References -- 10. Causation and Occupational Diseases -- Epidemiological Issues -- Legal Issues -- Causation and the Law -- Elements of Causal Proof in the Law -- Guidelines for Causation in Occupational Diseases -- Limitations and Applications -- Current Examples of Toxic Tort Litigation -- Possible Modifications of the System -- Summary -- References -- 11. The Clinical Illness Promotion Factor: A Third Ingredient -- Acute Infectious Diseases -- Viruses and Cancer -- Viruses and Chronic Disease -- Discussion -- References -- 12. Subclinical Epidemiology -- References -- Epilogue.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789401115742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introductory concepts1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Range of applications -- 1.3 Types of data -- 1.4 Known constants and parameters -- 1.5 Assumptions -- 1.6 Fundamental concept -- 1.7 Detection -- 1.8 History of methods -- 1.9 Program DISTANCE -- 2 Assumptions and modelling philosophy -- 2.1 Assumptions -- 2.2 Fundamental models -- 2.3 Philosophy and strategy -- 2.4 Robust models -- 2.5 Some analysis guidelines -- 3 Statistical theory -- 3.1 General formula -- 3.2 Hazard-rate modelling of the detection process -- 3.3 The key function formulation for distance data -- 3.4 Maximum likelihood methods -- 3.5 Choice of model -- 3.6 Estimation for clustered populations -- 3.7 Density, variance and interval estimation -- 3.8 Stratification and covariates -- 4 Line transects -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Example data -- 4.3 Truncation -- 4.4 Estimating the variance in sample size -- 4.5 Analysis of grouped or ungrouped data -- 4.6 Model selection -- 4.7 Estimation of density and measures of precision -- 4.8 Estimation when the objects are in clusters -- 4.9 Assumptions -- 4.10 Summary -- 5 Point transects -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Example data -- 5.3 Truncation -- 5.4 Estimating the variance in sample size -- 5.5 Analysis of grouped or ungrouped data -- 5.6 Model selection -- 5.7 Estimation of density and measures of precision -- 5.8 Estimation when the objects are in clusters -- 5.9 Assumptions -- 5.10 Summary -- 6 Extensions and related work -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Other models -- 6.3 Modelling variation in encounter rate and cluster size -- 6.4 Estimation of the probability of detection on the line or point -- 6.5 On the concept of detection search effort -- 6.6 Fixed versus random sample size -- 6.7 Efficient simulation of distance data -- 6.8 Thoughts about a full likelihood approach -- 6.9 Distance sampling in three dimensions -- 6.10 Cue counting -- 6.11 Trapping webs -- 6.12 Migration counts -- 6.13 Point-to-object and nearest neighbour methods -- 7 Study design and field methods -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Survey design -- 7.3 Searching behaviour -- 7.4 Measurements -- 7.5 Training observers -- 7.6 Field methods for mobile objects -- 7.7 Field methods when detection on the centerline is not certain -- 7.8 Field comparisons between line transects, point transects and mapping censuses -- 7.9 Summary -- 8 Illustrative examples -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Lake Huron brick data -- 8.3 Wooden stake data -- 8.4 Studies of nest density -- 8.5 Fin whale abundance in the North Atlantic -- 8.6 Use of tuna vessel observer data to assess trends in abundance of dolphins -- 8.7 House wren densities in South Platte River bottomland -- 8.8 Songbird surveys in Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge -- 8.9 Assessing the effects of habitat on density -- Appendix A List of common and scientific names cited -- Appendix B Notation and abbreviations, and their definitions.
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD National Accounts Statistics
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD National Accounts Statistics
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This subset of the financial balance sheet dataset includes data on consolidated financial balance sheet stocks of financial assets and liabilities by institutional sectors where transactions presented by sectors and countries.Data are expressed in millions of national currency at current prices and are presented from 1950 onwards.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD National Accounts Statistics
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This comparative table comprises statistics on non-consolidated flows of financial accounts with net financial transactions and sectors as main variables. Data are expressed in millions of national currency at current prices and are presented from 1950 onwards.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 1855671123
    Language: English
    Pages: VI, 221 S. , graph. Darst.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    DDC: 338.947
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Privatisierung ; Systemtransformation ; Ungarn ; Polen ; Tschechoslowakei ; Rumänien ; Economics ; Privatization ; Europe, Eastern ; Case studies ; Europe, Eastern ; Economic policy ; 1989- ; Case studies ; Post-communism ; Europe, Eastern ; Case studies ; Konferenzschrift 1994 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Osteuropa ; Privatisierung ; Osteuropa ; Politischer Wandel ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Privatisierung
    Description / Table of Contents: Enth. 10 Beitr.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: One Large Area Liquid Crystal Displays -- 1.1 Computer Displays -- 1.2 Television Displays -- 1.3 Automotive Applications -- 1.4 Other Applications -- 1.5 Liquid Crystal Display Technology -- 1.6 Active Matrix Devices -- 1.7 Display Manufacturers -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Two Display Manufacturing Process -- 2.1 Color Filter Manufacturing -- 2.2 Active Matrix Display Manufacturing -- 2.3 Display Assembly -- 2.4 Display Manufacturing -- 2.5 AMLCD Factory -- Figures -- Tables -- Three Materials for Flat Panel Displays -- 3.1 Glass Substrates -- 3.2 ITO Sputtering -- 3.3 Other Sputtering Materials -- 3.4 Color Filters -- 3.5 Process Chemicals & Gases -- 3.6 Photoresists -- 3.7 Photomasks -- 3.8 Orientation Films -- 3.9 Spacers -- 3.10 Sealing Materials -- 3.11 Liquid Crystals -- 3.12 Polarizers/Compensation Films -- 3.13 Die Attach/Connector Materials -- 3.14 Display Backlighting -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Four Manufacturing Equipment -- 4.1 Substrate Cleaning -- 4.2 Photoresist Application/Baking -- 4.3 Photolithography -- 4.4 Etching/Stripping -- 4.5 Thin Film Deposition -- 4.6 Test Equipment -- 4.7 TFT Repair -- 4.8 Assembly -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Five -- 5.1 Materials Suppliers -- 5.2 Materials Supplier Listing -- 5.3 Equipment Suppliers -- 5.4 Test, Inspection & Repair Equipment Suppliers -- 5.5 Equipment Supplier Listing.
    Abstract: We live in the silicon age, and the quintessential item that defines our world is the computer. Silicon chips power the computer as well as many other products for work and leisure, such as calculators, radios, and televisions. In the forty years since the transistor was invented, the solid state revolution has affected the lives of almost everyone in the world. Based on silicon, solid state devices and integrated circuits have revolutionized electronics, data processing, communica­ tions, and the like. The computer, especially the personal computer, would be impossible without silicon devices. Only one computer was ever built using vacuum tubes, and the tubes had to be constantly replaced because they generated too much heat and burned out. Silicon devices allowed for reliable switching operations in arrays of hundreds and thousands of discrete devices. As a result, the very substantial industrial base that existed for producing vacuum tubes disappeared -with one exception. That exception is, of course, the CRT, which is evident in televisions, computer displays, and a host of other information display terminals. Until recently, there was nothing that could take its place, and it seemed that the CRT would remain as the electronic medium for all except the simplest displays. The CRT is about to go the way of the other vacuum tubes. It's dead, but doesn't know it yet.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Large Area Liquid Crystal Displays1.1 Computer Displays -- 1.2 Television Displays -- 1.3 Automotive Applications -- 1.4 Other Applications -- 1.5 Liquid Crystal Display Technology -- 1.6 Active Matrix Devices -- 1.7 Display Manufacturers -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Two Display Manufacturing Process -- 2.1 Color Filter Manufacturing -- 2.2 Active Matrix Display Manufacturing -- 2.3 Display Assembly -- 2.4 Display Manufacturing -- 2.5 AMLCD Factory -- Figures -- Tables -- Three Materials for Flat Panel Displays -- 3.1 Glass Substrates -- 3.2 ITO Sputtering -- 3.3 Other Sputtering Materials -- 3.4 Color Filters -- 3.5 Process Chemicals & Gases -- 3.6 Photoresists -- 3.7 Photomasks -- 3.8 Orientation Films -- 3.9 Spacers -- 3.10 Sealing Materials -- 3.11 Liquid Crystals -- 3.12 Polarizers/Compensation Films -- 3.13 Die Attach/Connector Materials -- 3.14 Display Backlighting -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Four Manufacturing Equipment -- 4.1 Substrate Cleaning -- 4.2 Photoresist Application/Baking -- 4.3 Photolithography -- 4.4 Etching/Stripping -- 4.5 Thin Film Deposition -- 4.6 Test Equipment -- 4.7 TFT Repair -- 4.8 Assembly -- References -- Figures -- Tables -- Five -- 5.1 Materials Suppliers -- 5.2 Materials Supplier Listing -- 5.3 Equipment Suppliers -- 5.4 Test, Inspection & Repair Equipment Suppliers -- 5.5 Equipment Supplier Listing.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9781468465518
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section I Introduction -- 1 The i386/i486 Architecture -- Section II Real-Address Mode -- 2 Programming in Real-Address Mode -- Section III Protected Mode -- 3 Memory Management -- 4 Enter and Leave Protected Mode -- 5 Page Programming -- 6 Control Transfers -- 7 Multitasking -- 8 Debugging -- 9 Input/Output -- 10 Exceptions and Interrupts -- Section IV Virtual-8086 Mode -- 11V86 Mode Programming -- Section V Appendices -- Appendix A Sample i486 Programs -- Appendix B The i386/i486 Instruction Set -- Appendix C Assembler and Linker.
    Abstract: This book gives x86 assembly language programmers a view about how to use the resources and features provided by the i386/i486 processor, the newest and most advanced microprocessor from the Intel x86 family. Because the i386/i486 processor is entirely compatible with its predecessor, the 8086/88 processor, this book concentrates on the enhanced features compared to its predecessor. We assume the reader is already familiar with the concepts of 8086/88 assembly language programming. Our goal is to show you the programming methods that apply to powerful features of the i386/i486. The i387 math coprocessor is not discussed in this book. A detailed explanation about how to use each i386/i486 instruction is not covered in this book. However, we list the complete i386/i486 instruction set in Appendix B. Organization of the Book This book is divided into sections to help readers start learning from the concepts that are similar to the 8086/8088 processor. Then, the discussion shifts to the resources and environment of the i386/i486 processor. Throughout the book, real-life program examples are used to illustrate in detail how you can use the enhanced features or functions of the processor. Chapter 1 introduces the i386/i486 architecture and its enhanced features. The discussion includes the operation mode, general registers, segment registers, system registers, and system data structures. Chapter 2 discusses the method that the i386/i486 processor uses to make itself fully compatible with the 8086/88 processor and to define the interrupt vector table address, which is different from the 8086/88 processor.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section I Introduction1 The i386/i486 Architecture -- Section II Real-Address Mode -- 2 Programming in Real-Address Mode -- Section III Protected Mode -- 3 Memory Management -- 4 Enter and Leave Protected Mode -- 5 Page Programming -- 6 Control Transfers -- 7 Multitasking -- 8 Debugging -- 9 Input/Output -- 10 Exceptions and Interrupts -- Section IV Virtual-8086 Mode -- 11V86 Mode Programming -- Section V Appendices -- Appendix A Sample i486 Programs -- Appendix B The i386/i486 Instruction Set -- Appendix C Assembler and Linker.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401180900
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Fundamentals For All Capacitors -- Application Information -- 2 Ceramic Capacitors -- Application Information -- 3 Plastic Film Capacitors -- Application Information -- 4 Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors -- Production Technology -- Electro-mechanical Considerations -- 5 Tantalum Capacitors -- Tantalum Foil Style -- Wet Tantalum Style -- Solid Tantalum Style -- Application Information -- 6 Glass Capacitors -- Application Information -- 7 Mica Capacitors -- Application Information -- Appendix A Capacitor Selection Guidelines -- Ceramic -- Paper/Plastic Dielectric -- Aluminum Electrolytic -- Tantalum Electrolytic -- Glass -- Mica -- Trimmer Capacitors -- Appendix B Equations and Symbol Definitions -- Basic Capacitor Formulas -- Metric Prefixes -- Symbols.
    Abstract: A long and varied experience in many areas of electronic circuit design has convinced me that capacitors are the most misunderstood and misused electronic component. This book provides practical guidance in the understanding, construction, use, and application of capacitors. Theory, combined with circuit application advice, will help to under­ stand what goes on in each component and in the final design. All chapters are arranged with the theory of the dielectric type discussed first, followed by circuit application information. With all chapters arranged in the same manner, this will make reading and using this book for reference easier. A practical glossary of terms used in the capacitor industry is included. The first chapter covers basic information that applies to all types of capacitors. Each following chapter addresses a different capacitor dielectric. This book could have been titled: 'Everything You Wanted To Know About Capacitors, But Were Afraid To Ask .. .' ix Preface THE CAPACITOR HANDBOOK Chapter 1 Fundamentals For All Capacitors For all practical purposes, consider only the parallel plate capacitor as illustrated in Fig. 1.1-two conductors or electrodes separated by a dielectric material of uniform thickness. The conductors can be any material that will conduct electricity easily. The dielectric must be a poor conductor-an insulator. Conductor (Electrode) Dielectric ,;~;...--~ Conductor (Electrode) 1..-----Wire to Outside World Fig. 1.1 The Parallel-Plate Capacitor Fig. 1.2 illustrates the symbol for a capacitor used in schematic diagrams of electronic circuits. The symbol resembles a parallel-plate model.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Fundamentals For All CapacitorsApplication Information -- 2 Ceramic Capacitors -- Application Information -- 3 Plastic Film Capacitors -- Application Information -- 4 Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors -- Production Technology -- Electro-mechanical Considerations -- 5 Tantalum Capacitors -- Tantalum Foil Style -- Wet Tantalum Style -- Solid Tantalum Style -- Application Information -- 6 Glass Capacitors -- Application Information -- 7 Mica Capacitors -- Application Information -- Appendix A Capacitor Selection Guidelines -- Ceramic -- Paper/Plastic Dielectric -- Aluminum Electrolytic -- Tantalum Electrolytic -- Glass -- Mica -- Trimmer Capacitors -- Appendix B Equations and Symbol Definitions -- Basic Capacitor Formulas -- Metric Prefixes -- Symbols.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789401115162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789401581202
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 285 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Technology, Risk, and Society, An International Series in Risk Analysis 7
    DDC: 333.7
    Keywords: Environmental sciences ; Environmental management ; Economic policy ; Economics ; Operations research
    Abstract: Recent democratization and the accompanied liberalization of the media in Central and Eastern Europe has brought the devastating environmental impacts of the intensive and careless industrialization of the last 40 years to the surface. Less is known, however, about the social, political and institutional background of environmental risk management which led to the present situation, as well as about recent changes. Environment and Democratic Transition: Policy and Politics in Central and Eastern Europe provides an overview of the mechanism of policy making, the role of the scientific community, the environmental movements, and the public in risk controversies in Central and Eastern Europe from the 1970s until 1991. The book brings together studies by leading social scientists from the East and the West who investigate the economic, legal, institutional, behavioral, social and political aspects of environmental policy. In addition to analyzing past histories, most contributions focus also on challenges, pitfalls and dilemmas that the region's policy makers and environmentalists must face during the period of transition and into the future
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401121323
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1048 p)
    Edition: 10th edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.
    Abstract: This edition of over 60 000 entries, including significantly more than 20% new or revised material, not only updates its predecessor but also continues the policy of extending coverage to areas dealt with only sparsely in previous editions. Special attention has been paid to the Far East, Australasia and Latin America in general, and to the People's Republic of China in particular. The cross-referencing between a defunct organization and its successor (indicated by ex and now) introduced into the last edition, has been extended. Otherwise the policies adopted in previous editions have been retained. All kinds of organizations are included - international, national, governmental, individual, large or small - but strictly local organizations have been omitted. The subject scope includes activities of all kinds, in the fields of commerce and industry, education, law, politics, public administration, religion, recreation, medicine, science and technology. The country of origin of a national organization is given in brackets, unless it is the home country of the title language or can be deduced readily from the title itself. Acronyms of parent bodies of subsidiary organizations are also added in brackets. Equivalences are used to link acronyms in different languages for the same organization. A select bibliography guides the reader to specialist works providing more detailed information.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9781475713794
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 288 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Brain Dynamics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Introductory Remarks -- 0 What is a Generator Like? -- I. Overview -- 1 DC Potentials of the Brain -- 2 Activity of Single Neurons and Their Relationship to Normal EEG Waves and Interictal Epilepsy Potentials in Humans -- II. Psychophysiology -- 3 Determinants of CNV Amplitude -- 4 Changes of Slow Brain Potential Shifts Following Failure -- 5 Association Cortex Contributions to the Human P3 -- 6 Interactions between the DC Potential of the Brain and Slow Potential Shifts under Mental Load -- 7 The “Oddball CNV” as Indicator of Information Processing in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Panic Disorders -- 8 Lateralization of Slow Brain Potentials and Preparatory Processes -- III. Neurophysiology -- 9 The Genesis of Cortical Event-Related Potentials: Excitatory and Inhibitory Contributions -- 10 Prolonged Unstable Depression: A Modified Manifestation of Spreading Depression in Rat Hippocampus -- 11 Modulation of Glutamate Responses by Noradrenaline and GABA in Neo- and Archicortical Structures -- 12 Extracellular Changes of Aspartate, Glutamate, and Taurine in Relation to DC Changes during Complete Cerebral Ischemia and Cortical Spreading Depression -- 13 Evoked Field Potentials—Beyond Correlates of Behavior: An Approach to Determining the Neural Mechanism of Behavior -- IV. Glia and Microenvironment -- 14 Cortical Slow Potentials, Depolarization of Glial Cells, and Extracellular Potassium Concentration -- 15 Voltage- and Ligand-Gated Membrane Currents of Identified Glial Cells in the Hippocampal Slice -- 16 Contributions of Extracellular Potassium Increases to Transient Field Potentials (Review of Data) -- 17 Cornea-Negative and Cornea-Positive Slow Components of the ERG and Light-induced Extracellular Potassium Changes -- V. Biomagnetism -- 18 Magnetoencephalographic Signals and Their Registration -- 19 Neuromagnetism and Source Location -- 20 Measurement of Neuromagnetic Signals -- 21 Extracranial Slow Magnetic Field Changes during Epileptic Activity -- VI. Motor Control -- 22 DC Shifts and Event-related Potentials Associated with Workload in a Dual Task Situation -- 23 Frontomesial Activation during Spatial Bilateral Coordination: Tentative Conclusions on SMA Function -- 24 Phasic and Tonic Changes of the Mean Alpha Frequency (MAF) of the EEG during Motor Performance -- 25 Changes of CNS Activation Patterns during Motor Imagination.
    Abstract: DC-potential changes, comprising fast fluctuations and slow shifts, rep­ resent objective concomitants of neuronal processes in the brain. They can be recorded not only in animals, but also in humans under various conditions. As far as slow brain potentials are concerned, exciting results have been detected with respect to their correlation to psychophysiolog­ ical events. Although a large amount of data has been accumulated by psychophysiologists, neurophysiologists, and other scientists involved, the neurophysiological basis of these field potentials is still not clear, and remains controversial. Scientists from European countries participated in an interdisciplinary symposium in the summer of 1990, July 2 to 6, at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena, which covered the field of slow brain potentials from the psychophysiological to the cellular level, including glial cells and microenvironment. From this conference the idea derived to present an up-to-date overview on important aspects of the field concerned. The Introductory Remarks are given to elucidate what is thought to be a "generator" of slow potentials of the brain. The large number of sources, implications of the "inverse problem" to analyze field potentials are taken into account.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960900
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 361 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Mathematics ; Life sciences. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Science. ; Engineering.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Blackie Academic & Professional | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401129329
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 332 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction to the chemistry, synthesis, manufacture and characterization of epoxy resins -- 2 Curing agents for epoxy resins -- 3 The kinetics of cure and network formation -- 4 Additives and modifiers for epoxy resins -- 5 Fracture behaviour of epoxy resins -- 6 Electrical properties of epoxy resins -- 7 Epoxy resin adhesives -- 8 Composite materials -- 9 Coatings and other applications of epoxy resins.
    Abstract: Epoxy resins have been commercially available for about 45 years and now have many major industrial applications, especially where technical advantages warrant their somewhat higher costs. The chemistry of these resins is fascinating and has attracted study by many very able scientists. The technological applications of the epoxy resins are very demanding and there are many new developments each year. The aims of the present book are to present in a compact form both theoretical and practical information that will assist in the study, research and innovations in the field of epoxy resin science and technology. The literature on epoxy resins is so vast that it is not possible to be encyclopaedic and that is not the function of the present text. It is the editor's hope that the selection of topics discussed will provide an up-to-date survey. There is some overlap in the chapters but this is minimal and so each chapter is essentially self contained. As with all chemicals there are toxicological and other hazards. These are not dealt with in this text since a little knowledge can be dangerous, but material supplied can provide information regarding any safety precautions that may be necessary. However, often these precautions are not onerous and epoxy resins, or more specifically the hardeners, can be handled readily. It is hoped that this text will provide an up-to-date outline of the science and technology of epoxy resins and stimulate further research into unsolved problems and assist further technological developments.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction to the chemistry, synthesis, manufacture and characterization of epoxy resins2 Curing agents for epoxy resins -- 3 The kinetics of cure and network formation -- 4 Additives and modifiers for epoxy resins -- 5 Fracture behaviour of epoxy resins -- 6 Electrical properties of epoxy resins -- 7 Epoxy resin adhesives -- 8 Composite materials -- 9 Coatings and other applications of epoxy resins.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold
    ISBN: 9781468499049
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 546 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Knott, Eugene F. Radar cross section measurements
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Radar ; Radarstreuquerschnitt
    Abstract: 1 Radar Cross Section Fundamentals -- 1.1 The Need for RCS Measurements -- 1.2 Electromagnetic Wave Properties -- 1.3 The Radar Range Equation -- 1.4 Radar Cross Section -- 1.5 Polarization Scattering Matrix -- 1.6 Basic Test Range Requirements -- 1.7 Summary -- 2 Instrumentation Systems -- 2.1 The CW Cancellation Radar -- 2.2 The Noncoherent Pulsed Radar -- 2.3 Coherent Radars -- 2.4 Multiband Scattering Matrix Radars -- 2.5 Digital Functions in Multiband Radars -- 2.6 Summary -- 3 Target Support Structures -- 3.1 Foam Columns -- 3.2 String Supports -- 3.3 The Metal Pylon -- 3.4 Other Structures and Techniques -- 3.5 Summary -- 4 Measurement Errors -- 4.1 Instrumentation and Sensitivity -- 4.2 Target Illumination -- 4.3 Background Contributions -- 4.4 Target—Environment Interactions -- 4.5 Summary -- 5 Calibration -- 5.1 Instrumentation Calibration -- 5.2 Calibration Scatterers with Curved Surfaces -- 5.3 Calibration Scatterers with Flat Surfaces -- 5.4 Calibration by Substitution -- 5.5 Summary -- 6 Outdoor Test Ranges -- 6.1 Ground-Plane Configuration -- 6.2 Two-Path Propagation -- 6.3 Effect of Antenna Pattern -- 6.4 Imperfectly Reflecting Ground Planes -- 6.5 Defeating the Ground Plane -- 6.6 Summary -- 7 Indoor Chambers -- 7.1 Wall Reflections -- 7.2 Chamber Configuration -- 7.3 Chamber Absorbing Materials -- 7.4 Test Chamber Evaluation -- 7.5 Summary -- 8 Compact Ranges -- 8.1 Dielectric Lenses -- 8.2 Large Reflectors -- 8.3 Reflector Edge Configurations -- 8.4 Dual-Reflector Configurations -- 8.5 Chamber Diagnostics -- 8.6 Summary -- 9 Data Processing and Reduction -- 9.1 Statistical Measures -- 9.2 Hard-Target Characteristics -- 9.3 Display Formats -- 9.4 Background Subtraction -- 9.5 Summary -- 10 Radar Imagery -- 10.1 Radar Imaging Principles -- 10.2 The Range Profile -- 10.3 Zero-padding and Windowing -- 10.4 The Cross-Range Profile -- 10.5 Image Formation and Diagnostics -- 10.6 Summary -- 11 Dynamic Test Ranges -- 11.1 The Instrumentation Radar -- 11.2 Dynamic Target Imaging -- 11.3 The Tracking Radar -- 11.4 Metric Data -- 11.5 Some Dynamic RCS Test Ranges -- 11.6 Summary -- 12 Scale-Model Testing -- 12.1 Scaling Laws -- 12.2 Dielectrics and Absorbers -- 12.3 Metallic Coatings and Resistive Sheets -- 12.4 A Specific Full-Scale/Scale-Model Comparison -- 12.5 Summary -- 13 Test Security -- 13.1 General Requirements -- 13.2 Target Shelters -- 13.3 Range Security -- 13.4 The Black Program -- 13.5 Summary.
    Abstract: The original campus of the University of Michigan was nearly a perfect square about a half-mile along a side. A street-sized walk, appropriately called the Diag, runs diagonally across this square, connecting its southeast and northwest corners. In 1904 a new engineering building was either started or finished (I do not remember which) to house classrooms. When another engineering building was built on the expanded campus across the street from it many years later, the old building came to be known as West Engine, to distinguish it from the new East Engine. Old West Engine is (or maybe by now, was) a four-story, L-shaped structure that stood at the southeast corner of the original campus. It was built with an arch in it to straddle the Diag at the apex of the L. You walked over the Engineering Arch to get from one leg of the L to the other if you were inside the building, and you walked under it when you entered the campus from the southeast corner. Affixed to the masonry wall of the arch was a plaque I often noted in passing. It bore a quote attributed to Horace Greeley (1811-1872), who I did not know at the time was the founder, editor, and publisher of the New York Tribune. It said, simply, Young man, when theory and practice differ, use your horse sense. The suggestion seems worthy of an exclamation point instead of a period, but I do not remember if it had one.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Radar Cross Section Fundamentals1.1 The Need for RCS Measurements -- 1.2 Electromagnetic Wave Properties -- 1.3 The Radar Range Equation -- 1.4 Radar Cross Section -- 1.5 Polarization Scattering Matrix -- 1.6 Basic Test Range Requirements -- 1.7 Summary -- 2 Instrumentation Systems -- 2.1 The CW Cancellation Radar -- 2.2 The Noncoherent Pulsed Radar -- 2.3 Coherent Radars -- 2.4 Multiband Scattering Matrix Radars -- 2.5 Digital Functions in Multiband Radars -- 2.6 Summary -- 3 Target Support Structures -- 3.1 Foam Columns -- 3.2 String Supports -- 3.3 The Metal Pylon -- 3.4 Other Structures and Techniques -- 3.5 Summary -- 4 Measurement Errors -- 4.1 Instrumentation and Sensitivity -- 4.2 Target Illumination -- 4.3 Background Contributions -- 4.4 Target-Environment Interactions -- 4.5 Summary -- 5 Calibration -- 5.1 Instrumentation Calibration -- 5.2 Calibration Scatterers with Curved Surfaces -- 5.3 Calibration Scatterers with Flat Surfaces -- 5.4 Calibration by Substitution -- 5.5 Summary -- 6 Outdoor Test Ranges -- 6.1 Ground-Plane Configuration -- 6.2 Two-Path Propagation -- 6.3 Effect of Antenna Pattern -- 6.4 Imperfectly Reflecting Ground Planes -- 6.5 Defeating the Ground Plane -- 6.6 Summary -- 7 Indoor Chambers -- 7.1 Wall Reflections -- 7.2 Chamber Configuration -- 7.3 Chamber Absorbing Materials -- 7.4 Test Chamber Evaluation -- 7.5 Summary -- 8 Compact Ranges -- 8.1 Dielectric Lenses -- 8.2 Large Reflectors -- 8.3 Reflector Edge Configurations -- 8.4 Dual-Reflector Configurations -- 8.5 Chamber Diagnostics -- 8.6 Summary -- 9 Data Processing and Reduction -- 9.1 Statistical Measures -- 9.2 Hard-Target Characteristics -- 9.3 Display Formats -- 9.4 Background Subtraction -- 9.5 Summary -- 10 Radar Imagery -- 10.1 Radar Imaging Principles -- 10.2 The Range Profile -- 10.3 Zero-padding and Windowing -- 10.4 The Cross-Range Profile -- 10.5 Image Formation and Diagnostics -- 10.6 Summary -- 11 Dynamic Test Ranges -- 11.1 The Instrumentation Radar -- 11.2 Dynamic Target Imaging -- 11.3 The Tracking Radar -- 11.4 Metric Data -- 11.5 Some Dynamic RCS Test Ranges -- 11.6 Summary -- 12 Scale-Model Testing -- 12.1 Scaling Laws -- 12.2 Dielectrics and Absorbers -- 12.3 Metallic Coatings and Resistive Sheets -- 12.4 A Specific Full-Scale/Scale-Model Comparison -- 12.5 Summary -- 13 Test Security -- 13.1 General Requirements -- 13.2 Target Shelters -- 13.3 Range Security -- 13.4 The Black Program -- 13.5 Summary.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY : Springer US | New York, NY : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9781461528623
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 659 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Plenary Papers -- Business Systems -- Complex Systems -- Critical Systems -- Cybernetics -- Educational Systems -- Environmental Systems, Social Systems, and Health Systems -- Information Systems -- Manufacturing Systems -- Strategic is and Systems Methodologies -- Theory and Concepts -- Author Index.
    Abstract: As we approach the end of the 20th century we can look back upon the achievements that have been made in a variety of human endeavours with pride. Enormous strides have been made to improve the quality of life of millions of people through the application of the scientific discoveries made during this and past centuries. The 20th century will be remembered as much for the mass exploitation of scientific discovery as for the discoveries themselves. The technological age has meant that the human being is able to contemplate activities which "defy" nature. For example, some of the work involved in the preparation of these proceedings has been done whilst travelling at over 500 miles per hour seven miles above the surface of the earth. It is not difficult to conjecture about the effect that this relatively recent technology has had upon a number of "systems". Air transportation has provided a number of benefits including such disparate examples such as enabling holidays, famine relief and the cross fertilisation of cultural practices from other lands. Equally, there have been undesirable effects such as enabling the means of mass destruction, interference in other cultures and the speedy transportation of disease. Moreover, the physical presence of the aeroplane itself represents the consumption of fossil fuels, a source of pollution and a change in the way think about life. The view expressed here is of course the view of an inhabitant of the "western world".
    Description / Table of Contents: Plenary PapersBusiness Systems -- Complex Systems -- Critical Systems -- Cybernetics -- Educational Systems -- Environmental Systems, Social Systems, and Health Systems -- Information Systems -- Manufacturing Systems -- Strategic is and Systems Methodologies -- Theory and Concepts -- Author Index.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9781468468083
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Nuclear Imaging in Drug Development—Introduction -- 2. Nuclear Medicine Physics, Instrumentation, and Data Processing in Pharmaceutical Research -- 3. Accelerators for Positron Emission Tomography -- 4. Chemistry of Tracers for Positron Emission Tomography -- 5. Single Photon, Gamma Emitting Radiotracers for Use in Imaging -- 6. The Design of Site-Directed Radiopharmaceuticals for Use in Drug Discovery -- 7. Applications of Autoradiography to Drug Discovery -- 8. Quantitative Whole Body Autoradiographic Microimaging for Pharmaceutical Research -- 9. Cerebral Metabolic Rates of 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose in the Presence of Ofloxacin A GABAA Receptor Antagonist -- 10. Positron Emission Tomography, Enzymes and Drug Research and Development -- 11. The Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Assessing and Monitoring Dopamine Active Drugs -- 12. Iodinated Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor Imaging Agents for SPECT -- 13. Radiolabeled Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Somatostatin for In Vivo Imaging of Receptors -- 14. Use of Radionuclides in Experimental Vascular Thrombosis -- 15. Application of Nuclear Imaging to Drug Delivery Evaluation and Development: A Review of Radiolabeled, Injectable, Colloidal Systems of Delivery -- 16. The Gastrointestinal Transit and Systemic Absorption of Diltiazem HCL from a Modified Release Dosage Form -- 17. The Potential Uses of Radiopharmaceuticals in the Pharmaceutical Industry.
    Abstract: It is the purpose and business of the pharmaceutical industry to dis­ cover, develop, and make available drugs for the care of the sick. The purpose of universities and national laboratories is to provide people and scientific knowledge that can help in the process. This book presents the combined efforts of scientists from the drug in­ dustry, academic laboratories and national laboratories to describe advances in radiotracer technology in studies on experimental ani­ mals and living human beings. The authors believe that the technol­ ogy is now ready for widespread application in the pharmaceutical industry. The goal of this book is to help bring this about. The field of Nuclear Medicine is based on the concept that, if treatment of disease is chemical, the patient's diagnosis should be chemical. Anatomy and histopathology have been the principle ba­ sis for making a diagnosis. Histopathologic data suffer from being descriptive, subjective, not quantifiable, and based on the study of dead tissue. The era of histopathology as the dominant concept in medical practice is coming to an end. Histopathologic findings are often heterogeneous and a single biopsy will at times not reveal the true nature of the disease, such as the grading of malignancy. Far greater accuracy of staging of disease and in the planning of treat­ ment is possible through chemistry, as well as by making possible a more suitable selection of a histological biopsy site.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Nuclear Imaging in Drug Development-Introduction2. Nuclear Medicine Physics, Instrumentation, and Data Processing in Pharmaceutical Research -- 3. Accelerators for Positron Emission Tomography -- 4. Chemistry of Tracers for Positron Emission Tomography -- 5. Single Photon, Gamma Emitting Radiotracers for Use in Imaging -- 6. The Design of Site-Directed Radiopharmaceuticals for Use in Drug Discovery -- 7. Applications of Autoradiography to Drug Discovery -- 8. Quantitative Whole Body Autoradiographic Microimaging for Pharmaceutical Research -- 9. Cerebral Metabolic Rates of 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose in the Presence of Ofloxacin A GABAA Receptor Antagonist -- 10. Positron Emission Tomography, Enzymes and Drug Research and Development -- 11. The Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Assessing and Monitoring Dopamine Active Drugs -- 12. Iodinated Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor Imaging Agents for SPECT -- 13. Radiolabeled Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Somatostatin for In Vivo Imaging of Receptors -- 14. Use of Radionuclides in Experimental Vascular Thrombosis -- 15. Application of Nuclear Imaging to Drug Delivery Evaluation and Development: A Review of Radiolabeled, Injectable, Colloidal Systems of Delivery -- 16. The Gastrointestinal Transit and Systemic Absorption of Diltiazem HCL from a Modified Release Dosage Form -- 17. The Potential Uses of Radiopharmaceuticals in the Pharmaceutical Industry.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034875240
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Geometry. ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Topology. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Life and work of Eduard ?ech -- Bibliography of E. ?ech -- ?ech-Stone Compactification -- On Bicompact Spaces, Annals of Mathematics 38, 1937 -- Remark on Bicompact Spaces, Annals of Mathematics 38, 1937 -- On Rings of Continuous Functions on Topological Spaces, Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de l’Académie des Sciences de l’URSS 22, 1939 -- Stone-?ech Compactifications of Products, Transactions of Amer. Math. Soc. 90, 1959 -- Stone-?ech Homogeneity Problems in the Theory of ?ech Compactifications, Duke Math. J. 23, 1956 -- On a Universal Bicompactum of Weight N, Doklady Akad. Nauk. SSSR 150, 1963. (Translated from Russian by P. Simon) -- Non-Homogeneity of ?P - P, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolinae 8, 1967 -- Weak P-Points in N*, Colloquia Math. Soc. J. Bolyai 23, 1978 -- Dimension Theory -- On the Dimension of Perfectly Normal Spaces, Bull. Intern. Acad. Tcheque Sci. 33, 1932. (Translated from French by J. Vanzura) -- Contribution to Dimension Theory, ?asopis P?st. Mat. Fys. 62, 1933. (Translated from Czech by P. Simon) -- On the Dimension of Bicompacta, Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR 67, 1949. (Translated from Russian by P. Simon) -- Inductive Dimension of Completely Normal Spaces, Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. (2) 4, 1953 -- Dimension of Metric Spaces, Fundamenta Mathematicae 43, 1956 -- On the Dimension of Compact Spaces, Czechoslovak Math. J. 8, 1958. (Translated from Russian by P. Simon) -- Bicompacta with Distinct Dimensions ind and dim, Doklady Akad. Nauk. SSSR 192, 1970. (Translated from Russian by P. Simon) -- A Hereditarily Normal Strongly Zero-Dimensional Space with a Subspace of Positive Dimension and an N-Compact Space of Positive Dimension, Fundamenta Mathematicae 97, 1977 -- Spaces with Noncoinciding Dimensions, Proceedings of Amer. Math. Soc. 94, 1985 -- Algebraic Topology -- General Homology Theory in an Arbitrary Space, Fundamenta Mathematicae 10, 1932. (Translated from French by J. Vanžura) -- Betti Groups of an Infinite Complex, Fundamenta Mathematicae 25, 1935. (Translated from French by J. Vanžura) -- Multiplications On a Complex, Annals of Math. 37, 1936 -- On Generalized Manifolds, American J. of Math. 55, 1933 -- ?ech Cohomology Theory and the Axioms, Annals of Math. 51, 1950 -- Differential Geometry -- On the Surfaces All Segre Curves of Which Are Plane Curves, Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk 11, 1922. (Translated from French by J. Vanžura) -- Developable Transformations of Line Congruences, Czechoslovak Math. J. 6, 1956. (Translated from French by J. Vanžura) -- On the Differential Geometry of a Surface Embedded in a Three Dimensional Space With Projective Connection, Czechoslovak Math. J. 11, 1961. (Translated from French by J. Vanžura) -- Order of Holonomy of a Surface With Projective Connection, ?asopis P?st. Mat. 96, 1971 -- Geometric Deformations of the Evolution Equations and Bäcklund Transformations, Physica 18D, 1986 -- Professor ?ech and Didactics of Mathematics -- Acknowledgement.
    Abstract: The work of Professor Eduard Cech had a si~ificant influence on the development of algebraic and general topology and differential geometry. This book, which appears on the occasion of the centenary of Cech's birth, contains some of his most important papers and traces the subsequent trends emerging from his ideas. The body of the book consists of four chapters devoted to algebraic topology, Cech-Stone compactification, dimension theory and differential geometry. Each of these includes a selection of Cech's papers, a brief summary of some results which followed from his work or constituted solutions to the problems he posed, and several selected papers by various authors concerning the areas of study he initiated. The book also contains a concise biography borrowed with minor changes from the book Topological papers of E. tech, a list of Cech's publications and a very brief note on his activity in the didactics of mathematics. The editors wish to express their sincere gratitude to all who contributed to the completion and publication of this book.
    Description / Table of Contents: Life and work of Eduard ?echBibliography of E. ?ech -- ?ech-Stone Compactification -- On Bicompact Spaces, Annals of Mathematics 38, 1937 -- Remark on Bicompact Spaces, Annals of Mathematics 38, 1937 -- On Rings of Continuous Functions on Topological Spaces, Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de l’Académie des Sciences de l’URSS 22, 1939 -- Stone-?ech Compactifications of Products, Transactions of Amer. Math. Soc. 90, 1959 -- Stone-?ech Homogeneity Problems in the Theory of ?ech Compactifications, Duke Math. J. 23, 1956 -- On a Universal Bicompactum of Weight N, Doklady Akad. Nauk. SSSR 150, 1963. (Translated from Russian by P. Simon) -- Non-Homogeneity of ?P - P, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolinae 8, 1967 -- Weak P-Points in N*, Colloquia Math. Soc. J. Bolyai 23, 1978 -- Dimension Theory -- On the Dimension of Perfectly Normal Spaces, Bull. Intern. Acad. Tcheque Sci. 33, 1932. (Translated from French by J. Vanzura) -- Contribution to Dimension Theory, ?asopis P?st. Mat. Fys. 62, 1933. (Translated from Czech by P. Simon) -- On the Dimension of Bicompacta, Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR 67, 1949. (Translated from Russian by P. Simon) -- Inductive Dimension of Completely Normal Spaces, Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. (2) 4, 1953 -- Dimension of Metric Spaces, Fundamenta Mathematicae 43, 1956 -- On the Dimension of Compact Spaces, Czechoslovak Math. J. 8, 1958. (Translated from Russian by P. Simon) -- Bicompacta with Distinct Dimensions ind and dim, Doklady Akad. Nauk. SSSR 192, 1970. (Translated from Russian by P. Simon) -- A Hereditarily Normal Strongly Zero-Dimensional Space with a Subspace of Positive Dimension and an N-Compact Space of Positive Dimension, Fundamenta Mathematicae 97, 1977 -- Spaces with Noncoinciding Dimensions, Proceedings of Amer. Math. Soc. 94, 1985 -- Algebraic Topology -- General Homology Theory in an Arbitrary Space, Fundamenta Mathematicae 10, 1932. (Translated from French by J. Vanžura) -- Betti Groups of an Infinite Complex, Fundamenta Mathematicae 25, 1935. (Translated from French by J. Vanžura) -- Multiplications On a Complex, Annals of Math. 37, 1936 -- On Generalized Manifolds, American J. of Math. 55, 1933 -- ?ech Cohomology Theory and the Axioms, Annals of Math. 51, 1950 -- Differential Geometry -- On the Surfaces All Segre Curves of Which Are Plane Curves, Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk 11, 1922. (Translated from French by J. Vanžura) -- Developable Transformations of Line Congruences, Czechoslovak Math. J. 6, 1956. (Translated from French by J. Vanžura) -- On the Differential Geometry of a Surface Embedded in a Three Dimensional Space With Projective Connection, Czechoslovak Math. J. 11, 1961. (Translated from French by J. Vanžura) -- Order of Holonomy of a Surface With Projective Connection, ?asopis P?st. Mat. 96, 1971 -- Geometric Deformations of the Evolution Equations and Bäcklund Transformations, Physica 18D, 1986 -- Professor ?ech and Didactics of Mathematics -- Acknowledgement.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789401120128
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 366 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 25
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Geology, economic ; International economics ; Renewable energy sources ; Social sciences ; International economic relations. ; Geology.
    Abstract: The former Soviet Union possessed some of the world's largest reserves of energy and mineral resources. With the dissolution of the country in 1991, the former Soviet republics are now exercising complete control over their mining industries. The new Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) consists of several new nations, well-endowed in hydrocarbons, metals, and industrial materials; efforts are now underway to boost development activities and attract foreign investment. Commonwealth members today are implementing policies to regulate energy and mineral development and enhance economic growth. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the energy and minerals industries of the CIS and other former Soviet republics outside the Commonwealth. Prospects for international cooperation and trade in hydrocarbons, metals, and nonmetals are examined, as are opportunities for joint ventures and technology transfers in mining. Economic relations between the CIS and several Asian nations are also analyzed. Contributors to the book from throughout the Commonwealth, Asia, Europe, and North America have a wide variety of backgrounds in the energy and mineral fields, including government, academia, and industry
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034863452
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489963277
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 395 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science History ; Biology Philosophy ; Popular works. ; History. ; Biology—Philosophy.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9781489967183
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 240 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Birkhäuser Boston
    ISBN: 9781489967077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 260 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Economics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy presents a multicultural perspective of global business ethics with special emphasis on Japanese viewpoints. In contrast to the typical business ethics book written primarily from the viewpoint of Western culture and economy, the majority of the work is by Asian scholars, providing an historical overview of the religious, scientific and cultural phenomena which converged to create modern Japanese business ethics. Perspectives from socioeconomics, sociology, social contract and applied business ethics contribute to the analysis of moral issues. A new Japanese approach to moral science, Moralogy, is introduced and its implications for phenomena such as the Keiretsu system are explored. Concurrently, prominent Western ethicists explore the role of moral language and the implications of Kantian ethics and contractarian approaches for developing universal moral standards. Because Japan is an economic superpower, it is critical to understand the hidden economic culture, work ethic, and way of thinking in business. We must realize these are the results of an integration of historical factors, such as Shintoism, Buddhism, Confuctianism and modern Western science and technology. Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy provides philosophical and anthropological analyses of the Japanese economic mind, departing from previous stereotyped approaches. Theoretical discussions based upon social contract theory are presented in order to build ethical norms with cross-cultural activity for multinational economic activities. From such a universal stance, practical proposals are presented to transnationalize the Keiretsu system and other Japanese economic institutions
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401581653
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 154 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Ethics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: The Ethics of Business in a Global Economy contains essays by business leaders from four nations. This is followed by analyses of three key topics by scholars active in the fields of economics and ethics, and statements by practitioners of four major world religions on the relevance of their respective traditions to the ethics of business. Finally, there are six brief case studies prepared by two business ethicists about specific ethical issues arising in international business. The authors address different facets of one of the most dramatic new facts of our time, the globalization of business. With many corporations now operating around the world and others planning a significant expansion of markets, this development is destined to accelerate in coming decades. The Ethics of Business in a Global Economy is a valuable resource both for the student of business ethics, as well as for those who want to explore the interrelationship between business, ethics, and religion in order to discover how collaboration between people in these three fields can contribute to a more just society
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9781489967046
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 639 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401115049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: Information management -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Spatial data systems -- 1.3 Decision making -- 1.4 Organisations and their objectives -- 1.5 The management of information -- 1.6 Information networks -- 1.7 Information systems -- 1.8 Geo-information systems -- 1.9 Spatial decision support systems -- 2: Data for geo-information systems -- 2.1 Data into information -- 2.2 Describing geographic location -- 2.3 Objects and hierarchies -- 2.4 Maps and cartographic representation -- 2.5 Considerations in using maps -- 2.6 Map-based geo-information systems -- 2.7 Data derived from spatial analysis -- 2.8 Address-based spatial information -- 2.9 Postcodes -- 2.10 Other spatial datasets -- 2.11 Attribute data -- 2.12 Metadata -- 3: Geo-information databases -- 3.1 Choosing the right data structure -- 3.2 Data structures and data models -- 3.3 Spatial data models -- 3.4 Spatial data structures -- 3.5 Problems of three dimensional data -- 3.6 Temporal data model -- 3.7 Database management systems -- 3.8 Physical and logical database design -- 3.9 DBMS structures -- 3.10 Standard query language (SQL) -- 3.11 Object-oriented databases -- 4: Integrated approaches to GIS -- 4.1 Benefits of information integration -- 4.2 Integrated data models -- 4.3 Information networks -- 4.4 Integration with existing databases -- 4.5 Open systems environment -- 4.6 Integration frameworks -- 4.7 Corporate solutions -- 4.8 Organisational issues -- 4.9 Implementation strategies -- 4.10 Benefits and costs -- 5: Low cost spatial information systems -- 5.1 Low cost strategies -- 5.2 Development of the microcomputer -- 5.3 Availability of software -- 5.4 Developing technologies -- 5.5 Stand alone solutions -- 5.6 Network solutions -- 5.7 Data availability -- 5.8 Human resourcing issues -- 5.9 Implementation issues -- 5.10 Low cost GIS users -- 6: Copyright and legal issues -- 6.1 Who owns the data? -- 6.2 Law related to information -- 6.3 Access to information -- 6.4 Data ownership and copyright -- 6.5 Added value information -- 6.6 Liability and GIS -- 6.7 Accuracy of information -- 6.8 Inappropriate map usage -- 6.9 Data availability and government policy -- 7: Standards for spatial information -- 7.1 The role of standards -- 7.2 Standards organisations -- 7.3 Data transfer standards -- 7.4 UK National Transfer Format -- 7.5 US Spatial Data Transfer Standard -- 7.6 DIGEST -- 7.7 ASRP Raster Standard -- 7.8 Other standards -- 7.9 Importance of standards -- 8: Analysis functions in GIS -- 8.1 Analysis in GIS -- 8.2 Manipulation versus analysis -- 8.3 Query and manipulation in integrated solutions -- 8.4 Statistical analysis -- 8.5 Modelling of spatial data -- 8.6 Models for managing derived data -- 8.7 Metadatabases and data dictionaries -- 8.8 Developing operating procedures for analytical processes -- 9: Graphical user interfaces -- 9.1 Human-computer interface -- 9.2 User-friendly GIS -- 9.3 Generic interface types -- 9.4 User interfaces for decision support systems -- 9.5 GIS-independent user interfaces -- 9.6 Specific applications of graphical user interfaces -- 9.7 Issues of communication -- 9.8 Help facilities -- 10: Visualisation -- 10.1 Cartographic visualisation -- 10.2 Perception and patterns -- 10.3 Map design issues -- 10.4 Colour and symbolisation -- 10.5 Typology and text placement -- 10.6 Interactive map specifications -- 10.7 Scientific visualisation -- 10.8 Terrain representation -- 10.9 Three dimensional visualisation -- 10.10 Perspective cartography -- 10.11 Visualisaton of temporal information -- 10.12 Virtual reality -- 11: Image-based spatial information systems -- 11.1 Image-based information systems -- 11.2 Vertical aerial photography -- 11.3 Photogrammetric data collection -- 11.4 Recent technical advances -- 11.5 Photo interpretation -- 11.6 Orthophotos -- 11.7 Digital photogrammetry -- 11.8 Seamless aerial photography -- 11.9 Changing role of aerial photography in GIS -- 11.10 Remote sensing -- 11.11 Image analysis -- 11.12 Role of remote sensing -- 11.13 Integrated image-based systems -- 12: Multimedia and hypermaps -- 12.1 The multimedia concept -- 12.2 Multimedia data -- 12.3 Digital video -- 12.4 Sound -- 12.5 Animation -- 12.6 Hypertext concept -- 12.7 Hyperdocuments -- 12.8 Hypertext user interfaces -- 12.9 Hypermaps -- 12.10 Cartographic representation in multimedia -- 12.11 Integrated geo-based multimedia solutions -- Appendix A: Acronyms -- Appendix B: A summary of the main GIS and related software that has been developed for microcomputers.
    Abstract: This book was inspired by the revolution in geographical information systems during the late 1970s and 1980s which introduced to many the concept of computer-based information systems for spatially referenced data. The map, the aerial photograph and the satellite image were wedded to a database of textual information through the rapidly developing technology of powerful graphics workstations. This brought the skills of the geographer to a wide range of disciplines and specialists. But this book is not about the basic concepts of geographical information systems themselves. It is not about hardware or software per se, nor the integral concepts of geo-referenced data handling built into such systems; these are to be found in a growing number of introductory texts on the subject. Instead the focus of this book is on of geo-information management. the much wider issues While an understanding of the systems, their capabilities and limitations is necessary, of greater importance to the long term application of geographical understanding to problem solving is the wider context of information handling. Spatial data are becoming increasingly important in understanding the issues that confront the world. Chapter 1 is a discussion of the general issues which relate to management and information systems. It concludes with review of spatial decision support systems which are of increasing importance to the GIS community.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: Information management1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Spatial data systems -- 1.3 Decision making -- 1.4 Organisations and their objectives -- 1.5 The management of information -- 1.6 Information networks -- 1.7 Information systems -- 1.8 Geo-information systems -- 1.9 Spatial decision support systems -- 2: Data for geo-information systems -- 2.1 Data into information -- 2.2 Describing geographic location -- 2.3 Objects and hierarchies -- 2.4 Maps and cartographic representation -- 2.5 Considerations in using maps -- 2.6 Map-based geo-information systems -- 2.7 Data derived from spatial analysis -- 2.8 Address-based spatial information -- 2.9 Postcodes -- 2.10 Other spatial datasets -- 2.11 Attribute data -- 2.12 Metadata -- 3: Geo-information databases -- 3.1 Choosing the right data structure -- 3.2 Data structures and data models -- 3.3 Spatial data models -- 3.4 Spatial data structures -- 3.5 Problems of three dimensional data -- 3.6 Temporal data model -- 3.7 Database management systems -- 3.8 Physical and logical database design -- 3.9 DBMS structures -- 3.10 Standard query language (SQL) -- 3.11 Object-oriented databases -- 4: Integrated approaches to GIS -- 4.1 Benefits of information integration -- 4.2 Integrated data models -- 4.3 Information networks -- 4.4 Integration with existing databases -- 4.5 Open systems environment -- 4.6 Integration frameworks -- 4.7 Corporate solutions -- 4.8 Organisational issues -- 4.9 Implementation strategies -- 4.10 Benefits and costs -- 5: Low cost spatial information systems -- 5.1 Low cost strategies -- 5.2 Development of the microcomputer -- 5.3 Availability of software -- 5.4 Developing technologies -- 5.5 Stand alone solutions -- 5.6 Network solutions -- 5.7 Data availability -- 5.8 Human resourcing issues -- 5.9 Implementation issues -- 5.10 Low cost GIS users -- 6: Copyright and legal issues -- 6.1 Who owns the data? -- 6.2 Law related to information -- 6.3 Access to information -- 6.4 Data ownership and copyright -- 6.5 Added value information -- 6.6 Liability and GIS -- 6.7 Accuracy of information -- 6.8 Inappropriate map usage -- 6.9 Data availability and government policy -- 7: Standards for spatial information -- 7.1 The role of standards -- 7.2 Standards organisations -- 7.3 Data transfer standards -- 7.4 UK National Transfer Format -- 7.5 US Spatial Data Transfer Standard -- 7.6 DIGEST -- 7.7 ASRP Raster Standard -- 7.8 Other standards -- 7.9 Importance of standards -- 8: Analysis functions in GIS -- 8.1 Analysis in GIS -- 8.2 Manipulation versus analysis -- 8.3 Query and manipulation in integrated solutions -- 8.4 Statistical analysis -- 8.5 Modelling of spatial data -- 8.6 Models for managing derived data -- 8.7 Metadatabases and data dictionaries -- 8.8 Developing operating procedures for analytical processes -- 9: Graphical user interfaces -- 9.1 Human-computer interface -- 9.2 User-friendly GIS -- 9.3 Generic interface types -- 9.4 User interfaces for decision support systems -- 9.5 GIS-independent user interfaces -- 9.6 Specific applications of graphical user interfaces -- 9.7 Issues of communication -- 9.8 Help facilities -- 10: Visualisation -- 10.1 Cartographic visualisation -- 10.2 Perception and patterns -- 10.3 Map design issues -- 10.4 Colour and symbolisation -- 10.5 Typology and text placement -- 10.6 Interactive map specifications -- 10.7 Scientific visualisation -- 10.8 Terrain representation -- 10.9 Three dimensional visualisation -- 10.10 Perspective cartography -- 10.11 Visualisaton of temporal information -- 10.12 Virtual reality -- 11: Image-based spatial information systems -- 11.1 Image-based information systems -- 11.2 Vertical aerial photography -- 11.3 Photogrammetric data collection -- 11.4 Recent technical advances -- 11.5 Photo interpretation -- 11.6 Orthophotos -- 11.7 Digital photogrammetry -- 11.8 Seamless aerial photography -- 11.9 Changing role of aerial photography in GIS -- 11.10 Remote sensing -- 11.11 Image analysis -- 11.12 Role of remote sensing -- 11.13 Integrated image-based systems -- 12: Multimedia and hypermaps -- 12.1 The multimedia concept -- 12.2 Multimedia data -- 12.3 Digital video -- 12.4 Sound -- 12.5 Animation -- 12.6 Hypertext concept -- 12.7 Hyperdocuments -- 12.8 Hypertext user interfaces -- 12.9 Hypermaps -- 12.10 Cartographic representation in multimedia -- 12.11 Integrated geo-based multimedia solutions -- Appendix A: Acronyms -- Appendix B: A summary of the main GIS and related software that has been developed for microcomputers.
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  • 89
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401114967
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Sixth edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Growth and nutrition -- 3 Zygomycotina and Mastigomycotina -- 4 Ascomycotina -- 5 Basidiomycotina -- 6 Deuteromycotina -- 7 Dispersal in fungi -- 8 Fungal genetics -- 9 Ecology of saprotrophic fungi -- 10 Fungi as plant pathogens -- 11 Fungi as mutualistic symbionts -- 12 Fungi and human affairs -- Further reading: Books on fungi.
    Abstract: This book has passed through a number of editions each involving some modifications while retaining the general character of the first. The most substantial changes occurred in the fifth (1983), but that is now out-of-date. Mycology has not been immune from the rapid evolution of biology in the past decade and the preparation was a long way beyond the capacity of the older writer (C.T.I.). So a younger one (H.J.H.) has collaborated with him. Substantial changes have been made throughout, particularly in relation to taxonomy but in general Chapters 1-7 have undergone relatively little revision. However, this is not true of Chapters 8-12 where the influence of the younger author is paramount. The basic idea of the book remains, namely to present fungi as living organisms profoundly affecting the lives of other kinds of living organisms, especially Man. Their study is of the greatest importance and what is more it is great fun. Many of the diagrams have been retained, but some have been redrawn and new ones added. Weare pleased to acknowledge the patience and artistic skills of Mrs Lindsay J. Wilson in producing these. Some coloured plates have also been introduced from photographs taken by H.J .H.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 Growth and nutrition -- 3 Zygomycotina and Mastigomycotina -- 4 Ascomycotina -- 5 Basidiomycotina -- 6 Deuteromycotina -- 7 Dispersal in fungi -- 8 Fungal genetics -- 9 Ecology of saprotrophic fungi -- 10 Fungi as plant pathogens -- 11 Fungi as mutualistic symbionts -- 12 Fungi and human affairs -- Further reading: Books on fungi.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401114929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Edition 1
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Directory Section -- Glass Fibre Materials for the Composites Industry -- Glass Fibre Materials Other Than for the Composites Industry -- Optical Fibres & Cables -- Two: Data Section -- Section 1: Continuous Filament Yarns -- Glass Fibre Materials for the Composites Industry -- Section 2: Reinforcements for Thermosets -- Section 3: Reinforcements for Thermoplastics -- Section 4: Reinforcements for Cement & Gypsum -- Section 5: Tissues, Surfacing Veils, Mats & Fabrics -- Glass Fibre Materials Other Than for the Composites Industry -- Section 6: Filtration Materials -- Section 7: Insulation Materials -- Section 8: Glass Fibre Fabrics for Printed Circuit Boards -- Section 9: Miscellaneous Materials -- Materials for the Optical Fibre Industry -- Section 10: Fibres -- Section 11: Fibre Cables -- Section 12: Optical Fibre Cable Support Members -- Late Entries -- Index to Advertisers.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Directory SectionGlass Fibre Materials for the Composites Industry -- Glass Fibre Materials Other Than for the Composites Industry -- Optical Fibres & Cables -- Two: Data Section -- Section 1: Continuous Filament Yarns -- Glass Fibre Materials for the Composites Industry -- Section 2: Reinforcements for Thermosets -- Section 3: Reinforcements for Thermoplastics -- Section 4: Reinforcements for Cement & Gypsum -- Section 5: Tissues, Surfacing Veils, Mats & Fabrics -- Glass Fibre Materials Other Than for the Composites Industry -- Section 6: Filtration Materials -- Section 7: Insulation Materials -- Section 8: Glass Fibre Fabrics for Printed Circuit Boards -- Section 9: Miscellaneous Materials -- Materials for the Optical Fibre Industry -- Section 10: Fibres -- Section 11: Fibre Cables -- Section 12: Optical Fibre Cable Support Members -- Late Entries -- Index to Advertisers.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468471151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Conversions and Equivalents -- II. Water Chemistry -- III. Enrichment Formulations -- IV. Hatchery Systems and Methods -- V. Plumbing and Materials -- VI. Feeds and Nutrition -- VII. Aquaculture Ponds -- VIII. Chemicals and Treatments -- References.
    Abstract: As the aquaculture industry has expanded throughout the world, it has embraced the experiences of many fields of study to meet increasing technological challenges. The complexities of modern hatchery methodology, more intensive growout systems, and the application of diverse biological and physical sciences to aquatic animal husbandry have reached beyona the ability of most aquaculturists to enjoy an in-depth knowledge of all phases of the aquaculture process. More importantly, in order for tne culturist to have at hand the information necessary to make basic decisions, it requires an extensive library of textbooks and scientific literature. The Aquaculture Desk Reference serves as a concise compila­ tion of tables, graphs, conversions, formulas and design specifica­ tions useful to the aquaculture industry. It also provides examples, in a straightforward manner, of how information in tabulature can be used to derive values for specific system design and process strategies. Tables and graphs in this volume also provide back­ ground documentation and authority for further reference. The Aquaculture Desk Reference is a convenient source book that will alleviate the need for an extensive personal library to access basic information useful for practicing aquaculturists. Many thanks to Mrs. Ruth Aldrich for her assistance in the preparation of this book. My family, friends and associates also deserve my special appreciation for their encouragement and sup­ port.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Conversions and EquivalentsII. Water Chemistry -- III. Enrichment Formulations -- IV. Hatchery Systems and Methods -- V. Plumbing and Materials -- VI. Feeds and Nutrition -- VII. Aquaculture Ponds -- VIII. Chemicals and Treatments -- References.
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  • 92
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    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035305889
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 255 pages) , illustrations
    Series Statement: New directions in modern economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Rimmer, Russell J. Income distribution in a corporate economy
    DDC: 339.2
    RVK:
    Keywords: Verteilungstheorie ; Industrieökonomik ; Finanzmarkt ; Theorie ; Income distribution Mathematical models ; Industrial organization Mathematical models ; Prices Mathematical models ; Stock exchanges Mathematical models ; Economics ; Einkommensverteilung ; Mathematisches Modell
    Abstract: Income Distribution in a Corporate Economy offers a skilful examination of the influences of financial markets and imperfect competition on the distributive process. Unlike much of the earlier literature, it concentrates upon the short-run, making it suitable for empirical appraisal. After a thorough review of the theoretical and empirical literature of the past 30 years, Russell Rimmer uses a series of models to synthesize results from post Keynesian macroeconomics, investment theory and industrial economics. The final chapters contain an analysis of the short-run effects of changes in pricing strategies and increases in industrial concentration on income shares accruing to households and corporations. By presenting in one place the neo-classical and post Keynesian approaches, the book will serve both as a text and a foundation for future work on distribution. Students new to income distribution will be able to read the text as an introduction to the neoclassical and post Keynesian approaches. A novel contribution is the gathering together of early extensions of post Keynesian theory to the short run, including accounts of attempts to synthesise the major theoretical strands
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 234-245) and index
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  • 93
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    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035305896
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 volume various pagings)
    Series Statement: John Locke series in classical liberal political economy
    Series Statement: The Shaftesbury papers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Property rights and the limits of democracy
    DDC: 323.4/6
    RVK:
    Keywords: Right of property ; Democracy ; Economics ; Property-Rights-Ansatz ; Demokratie
    Abstract: Property rights lie at the heart of the economic success of any economy and the extent to which its citizens enjoy economic freedom. At a time when Eastern Europe is breaking free from the yoke of collectivist-socialist ideas, this book presents essays by four political economists evaluating a range of feasible reforms intended to breathe new life into constitutional republicanism. The first essay by James M. Buchanan grounds the defence of private property ownership in the protection that it affords to individual liberty. This is followed by a succinct but comprehensive account by Gordon Tullock of his research programme in rent seeking. This is a great and instructive contribution which skilfully draws out the dangerous implications of rent seeking for private property rights. A far-reaching and insightful essay by Richard E. Wagner exposes the failure of the United States constitution to overcome the tyranny of the majority so feared by the Founding Fathers: the author demonstrates why the tyranny of the majority cannot be overcome by a written constitution unless the institutions of society are designed to offer complementary support to limited government and the rule of law. In the final essay, Charles Rowley retraces the history of social choice theory, identifies the errors that it has promulgated and the corrective lessons that can be learned from the classical liberal philosophy that it has substantially ignored. Including essays by some of the most eminent scholars in the field, Property Rights and the Limits of Democracy makes an important and distinguished contribution to one of the most central issues in political economy in the late twentieth century
    Note: Four papers published earlier by the Locke Institute, and a substantive introductory chapter , "The book was made possible by a colloquium ... on the theme of '"Life, Liberty and Property" and the Limits of Democracy' held in Charleston, S.C. in December 1991."--Pref , Includes bibliographical references and indexes
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  • 94
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9780203991121 , 9780415088107 , 9781134881260 , 9781134881222
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Politics & government ; Economics
    Abstract: Nick Tiratsoo and Jim Tomlinson describe and assess the Labour Party's development of a policy of improving industrial efficiency. They concentrate on the debates and initiatives of the wartime period and subsequent implementation of policy under Attlee. The book modifies existing historiography in two ways - it shows that the Labour Party of 1945-51 was concerned mainly with industrial modernization, not with creating the Welfare State, and it tackles the consequently necessary re-evaluation of wider theories about Britain's economic decline
    Note: English
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Birkhäuser Boston
    ISBN: 9781468494273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 665 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Birkhäuser Boston
    ISBN: 9781461598404
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 297 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034872713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Monte Verità, Proceedings of the Centro Stefano Franscini Ascona
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9783034875516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Monte Verità, Proceedings of the Centro Stefano Franscini, Ascona
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Birkhäuser Boston
    ISBN: 9781461203414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 355 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Brain Dynamics
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD National Accounts Statistics
    Keywords: Economics
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